Clients with Cancer

Clients with Cancer: Health Promotion and Maintenance

*  Cancer prevention and control
*  Prevention, screening, and early detection
-  Primary prevention
-  Secondary prevention

Cancer Prevention
*  Education
-  Host susceptibility and prevention benefits
*  Regulation
-  Prohibiting sale of tobacco and alcohol to minors
*  Host modification
-  Lifestyle changes/carcinogen exposure and chemoprevention

Early Detection of Cancer: Risk Factors and Screening

*  Breast cancer and prostate cancer
*  Lung cancer
*  Colorectal cancer
*  Cervical cancer
*  Head and neck cancer
*  Skin cancer

Health Restoration
*  Maintaining wellness during treatment
-  Optimize quality of life
*  Rehabilitation
-  Reconstructive surgery
-  Lymphedema management
-  Other

Cancer Diagnosis
*  Client history
*  Clinical manifestations
*  Diagnostic evaluation
-  Laboratory blood tests
-  X-rays and other Imaging
*  Diagnostic evaluation
-  Grading and staging

Cancer Treatment
*  Treatment goals
-  Cure, control, palliation, and rehabilitation
*  Determining treatment modalities
*  Treatment modalities
-  Surgery and radiation therapy
-  Chemotherapy and biotherapy
-  Bone marrow transplant
Cancer Care: Surgical Management
*  Types of surgery
-  Diagnostic
-  Treatment
-  Recurrence and metastasis
-  Palliative, reconstructive, preventive
*  Nursing management

Cancer Care: Radiation Therapy

*  How radiation therapy works
-  Radiosensitivity
-  High-energy ionizing radiation
*  Types
-  External beam (teletherapy)
-  Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy)
*  Sealed source and unsealed source
*  Afterloading device
* Safety standards
-  Time
-  Distance
-  Shielding
*  Treatment considerations
*  Nursing management

Cancer Care: Chemotherapy

*  How chemotherapy works
*  Treatment types
-  Chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy
-  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
-  Evaluation of treatment response
*  Classification of chemotherapeutic agents
*  Nursing management

Chemotherapy: Nursing Management

*  Administration
-  Verification of agent, dose, schedule
-  Safe preparation, handling, and disposal
*  Routes of administration
-  Intravenous, regional, oral, etc.
*  Adverse reactions
-  Hypersensitivity reaction and extravasation
*  Safe preparation, handling, and disposal

Cancer Care: Biotherapy

*  Hematopoietic growth factors
*  Biologic response modifiers
*  Interferons and interleukins
*  Monoclonal antibodies
*  Vaccines
*  Anti-angiogenesis agents
*  Emerging targeted therapies
Cancer Care: Other Treatment
Modalities
*  Bone marrow transplantation
*  Clinical trials
-  Phase 1 thru phase 4
*  Complementary and alternative approaches
*  Home management of side effects
*  Financial concerns

Cancer and Treatment Side Effects: Nursing Management

*  Myelosuppression
-  Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia
*  Gastrointestinal effects
-  Nausea and vomiting
-  Anorexia
-  Stomatitis
-  Diarrhea and constipation
*  Integumentary effects
-  Alopecia
-  Skin reactions
*  Reproductive system effects
-  Sterility
-  Loss of libido
-  Impotence

Oncologic Emergencies: Nursing Management

*  Infection
*  Pain
*  Hypercalcemia
*  Tumor lysis syndrome
*  Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
* Disseminated intravascular coagulation
*  Spinal cord compression
*  Superior vena cava syndrome
*  Cardiac tamponade

Cancer Care: Psychosocial Aspects

*  Support for client and family
*  Promoting positive self-concept
*  Promoting coping
-  Diagnosis and treatment
-  Survivorship
-  Recurrent disease and progression
-  Terminal illness