I.

CHUYỂN CÂU HTHT  QKĐ (và ngược lại)

1. Dạng 1: The first time

It/This is the first time + S + have/has + V(pp) + O

 Never…before: S + have/has + never + V(past participle) + O +
before
 Haven’t …. before: S +have/has not + V(past participle) + O +
before
Ví dụ:

This is the first time I have gone to Paris

 I have never gone to Paris before
 I haven’t gone to Paris before

It is the first time I read this book

 I have never (not) read this book before

2. Dạng 2: started/began (bắt đầu… bao lâu)

+) S + started/began + to V/ V-ing + (khoảng thời gian) AGO

 S + have/has + V(pp) + FOR (khoảng thời gian)
Ví dụ:
She started learning English 5 years ago
 She has learnt/learned English for 5 years

It started raining two days ago

 It has rained for two days

+) S + started/began + to V/ V-ing + WHEN (mệnh đề QKĐ)/ mốc thời gian trong qk

 S + have/has + V(pp) + SINCE (mốc thời gian/ mệnh đề QKĐ)
Ví dụ:
He began to live in Hanoi when he was five
 He has lived in Hanoi since he was five
 I have worked here since 2010
 I started working here in 2010

3. Dạng 3: last/the last time

S + haven’t/hasn’t + V(pp) + O + SINCE (mệnh đề QKĐ/mốc thời gian)/ FOR

(khoảng thời gian)
 S + last + V(quá khứ đơn) + O + WHEN (mệnh đề QKĐ)
IN/ON/AT (mốc thời gian)
(khoảng thời gian) AGO
 It is/has been + khoảng thời gian (ago) + SINCE + S + last + V(qk đơn)
 The last time + S + V(qk đơn) + O + was + (khoảng thời gian) AGO/ mốc
thời gian

Ví dụ:
They haven’t met each other since September
 They last met each other in September
 It is six months ago since they last met each other
 The last time they met each other was in September
4. Dạng 4: When  How long

When + did/was/were + S + V(inf)? (quá khứ đơn)

 How long + have/has + S + V(pp)? (hiện tại hoàn)
Ví dụ:
When did she sleep?
 How long has she slept?

How long have you been in Vietnam?

 When were you in Vietnam?