Professional Documents
Culture Documents
30101-2105 งานเกียร์อัตโนมัติ ขนบ
30101-2105 งานเกียร์อัตโนมัติ ขนบ
30101-2105 งานเกียร์อัตโนมัติ ขนบ
138.-
128.-
»Ÿπ¬å à߇ √‘¡Õ“™’«–
ß«π≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘Ïμ“¡æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—μ‘
Àâ“¡§—¥≈Õ° ∂à“¬‡Õ° “√ æ‘¡æå À√◊Õ«‘∏’ „¥«‘∏’Àπ÷Ë߉¡à«à“
à«πÀπ÷Ëß à«π„¥¢ÕßÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡≈à¡π’È °àÕπ®–‰¥â√—∫Õπÿ≠“μ
®“°∑“ß ”π—°æ‘¡æå »Ÿπ¬å à߇ √‘¡Õ“™’«–
ªï∑’Ëæ‘¡æå : 2563
æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 1 : 2,000 ‡≈à¡
ISBN : 978›616›553›582›3
∫”√ÿß√—°…“‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘μ“¡§Ÿà¡◊Õ
Àπ૬∑’Ë
Õπÿ™“ »√’∏√√¡¡“
ºŸâ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß
Àπ૬∑’Ë 1 ‚§√ß √â“ß·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß 3.5 Õ—μ√“∑¥¢Õß™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë ..... 43
‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ..........................1 3.6 °≈‰°∑’Ë„™â§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß
1.1 ∫∑π” .................................................... 3 ‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë ............................... 43
1.2 ¢âÕ¥’¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ .......................... 3 3.7 ‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’誹Դ 3 §«“¡‡√Á« .... 49
1.3 ¢âÕ‡ ’¬¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ....................... 3 3.8 Àπâ“∑’Ë·≈–°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß™‘Èπ à«π
1.4 ª√–‡¿∑¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ .................... 3 ¿“¬„π™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë
1.5 à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ .... 4 ™π‘¥ 3 §«“¡‡√Á« ................................. 50
·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 1 ................................... 13 3.9 °“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë
·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π ................................. 15 ™π‘¥ 3 §«“¡‡√Á« ................................. 51
3.10 Àπâ“∑’Ë·≈–°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß™‘Èπ à«π¿“¬„π
Àπ૬∑’Ë 2 ∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å ............... 17 ™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø .... 56
2.1 ∫∑π” .................................................. 19 3.11 °“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇°’¬√å‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø
2.2 Àπâ“∑’·Ë ≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß À√◊Õ‡°’¬√å 4 .......................................... 57
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å ............................ 19 3.12 °“√§”π«≥À“Õ—μ√“∑¥‡°’¬√å¢Õß
2.3 À≈—°°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ‡øóÕ߇°’¬√å ............................................. 58
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å ............................ 20 „∫ß“π∑’Ë 3.1 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫
2.4 ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß ™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ËÀπâ“ ...... 60
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å ............................ 24 „∫ß“π∑’Ë 3.2 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫
2.5 ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ àß°”≈—ߢÕß ™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ËÀ≈—ß ...... 66
∑Õ√å°§Õπ-‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å .......................... 25 ·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 3 ................................... 70
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 2 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫ ·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π ................................ 73
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å ................ 29
·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 2 ................................... 33
Àπ૬∑’Ë 4 √–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° ..............75
·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π ................................ 35 4.1 ∫∑π” .................................................. 77
4.2 ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß√–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡
Àπ૬∑’Ë 3 ™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë ..............37 ‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° ............................................. 77
3.1 ∫∑π” .................................................. 40 4.3 °”≈—ߥ—ππÈ”¡—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° ..................... 78
3.2 à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß™ÿ¥‡øóÕß 4.4 ªíö¡πÈ”¡—π ............................................. 78
‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë ....................................... 40 4.5 ‡√◊Õπ≈‘Èπ ............................................... 79
3.3 °“√∑”ß“π¢Õß™ÿ¥‡øóÕß 4.6 ≈‘Èπ§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë„™â„π√–∫∫§ÿ¡
‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë ....................................... 41 ‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° ............................................ 81
3.4 ∑‘»∑“ß°“√À¡ÿπ·≈–§«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫ 4.6.1 ≈‘Èπ·¡π«≈ .............................. 81
¢Õ߇øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë ........................ 42 4.6.2 ≈‘Èπ‰æ√¡“√’ˇ√°Ÿ‡≈‡μÕ√å ............ 81
4.6.3 ≈‘Èπ‡´§—Ëπ¥“√’‡√°Ÿ‡≈‡μÕ√å .......... 82 ·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 4 ................................. 176
4.6.4 ≈‘πÈ §—π‡√àß ................................ 83 ·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π .............................. 177
4.6.5 ¥“«π噑øª≈—Í°·≈–≈‘Èπ¥’‡∑π-
‡√°Ÿ‡≈‡μÕ√å ............................... 84 ÀÀπ૬∑’Ë 5 √–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø .....179
6.6.6 ≈‘Èπ§—μ·∫Á° .............................. 85 5.1 ∫∑π” ................................................ 181
4.6.7 ≈‘Èπ°—ø‡«Õ√å‡πÕ√å ..................... 86 5.2 à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß√–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡
4.6.8 ≈‘Èπ —≠≠“≥≈ÁÕ°Õ—æ ................ 87 ‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø .......................................... 181
4.6.9 ≈‘Èπ√’‡≈¬å≈ÁÕ°Õ—æ ...................... 88 5.3 «ß®√‰øøÑ“ ......................................... 182
4.6.10 ·Õ°§‘«¡Ÿ‡≈‡μÕ√å ...................... 89 5.4 «‘μ™å‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø ........................... 183
4.6.11 ≈‘Èπ§«∫§ÿ¡·Õ°§‘«¡Ÿ‡≈‡μÕ√å ..... 90 5.5 ‰ø‡μ◊Õπ‡°’¬√å‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø ................ 184
4.6.12 ≈‘Èπ‚≈«å¡Õ¥Ÿ‡≈‡μÕ√å ................. 90 5.6 «‘μ™åÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘πÈ”À≈àÕ‡¬Áπ ................. 185
4.6.13 ≈‘Èπ‡´§—Ëπ¡Õ¥Ÿ‡≈‡μÕ√å ............... 91 5.7 ≈‘Èπ‚´≈‘πÕ¬¥å‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø ............... 185
4.6.14 ≈‘Èπ‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√øá´’‡§«π´å ....... 92 5.8 ‡´π‡´Õ√姫“¡‡√Á«√∂¬πμå .................. 186
4.6.15 ≈‘Èπ‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å 1 - 2 ............. 93
5.9 ECU ‡°’¬√å‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø .................... 187
4.6.16 ≈‘Èπ‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å 2 - 3 ............. 95
5.10 «‘μ™å§‘°¥“«πå¥â«¬°”≈—ߥ—π ............... 187
4.6.17 ≈‘Èπ‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å 3 - 4 ............. 96
4.6.18 ≈‘Èπ∑√Õμ‡∑‘≈¡Õ¥Ÿ‡≈‡μÕ√å ........ 97 5.11 «‘μ™å§‘°¥“«πå¥â«¬‡∑â“ ....................... 188
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.1 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® ¿“æ „∫ß“π∑’Ë 5.1 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫™ÿ¥‡°’¬√å
ªíö¡πÈ”¡—π ................................ 99 ‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø ........................ 189
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.2 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫ „∫ß“π∑’Ë 5.2 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫
§≈—μ™å C1 ............................................ 106 ‡°’¬√å‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø ................. 198
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.3 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫ „∫ß“π∑’Ë 5.3 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫
§≈—μ™å C2 ............................................ 115 ‡∫√°‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åø ................ 205
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.4 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫ ·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 5 ................................. 209
‡∫√°·∫π¥å B1 ............................... 123 ·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π .............................. 211
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.5 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫
‡∫√° B2 .............................................. 130 Àπ૬∑’Ë 6 ‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.6 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫ Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ...................213
‡∫√° B3 .............................................. 135 6.1 ∫∑π” ................................................ 216
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.7 °“√∂Õ¥ª√–°Õ∫·≈–μ√«® Õ∫ 6.2 ≈—°…≥–‚§√ß √â“ß¿“¬πÕ°¢Õ߇°’¬√å
‡√◊Õπ≈‘Èπ∫π·≈–‡√◊Õπ≈‘Èπ≈à“ß... 140 Õ—μ‚π¡—쑧«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å .. 216
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.8 °“√∂Õ¥·¬°μ√«® Õ∫·≈– 6.3 ¢âÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
ª√–°Õ∫ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°°—∫‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
‡√◊Õπ≈‘Èπ∫π........................... 150 ∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 4.9 °“√∂Õ¥·¬°μ√«® Õ∫·≈–
(‡°’¬√å ECT) ....................................... 217
ª√–°Õ∫ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇√◊Õπ
6.4 ¢âÕ¥’¢Õ߇°’¬√å ECT ............................ 219
≈‘Èπ≈à“ß .................................. 162
6.5 ‚§√ß √â“ß·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß Àπ૬∑’Ë 8 °“√„™â·≈–°“√∫”√ÿß√—°…“‡°’¬√å
‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬ Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ............................279
Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ................................... 219 8.1 ∫∑π” ................................................ 281
6.6 °“√∑”ß“π¢Õß‚´≈‘πÕ¬¥å«“≈å« 8.2 °“√„™â√–∫∫≈ÁÕ°§—π‡°’¬√å .................. 281
·≈–≈‘Èπ‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å ............................ 227 8.3 °“√‡≈◊Õ°„™âμ”·Àπàߧ—π‡°’¬√å ............. 283
6.7 ≈‘Èπ —≠≠“≥≈ÁÕ°Õ—æ§≈—μ™å ................. 230 8.4 «‘∏’°“√„™â‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°μâÕß.. 283
6.8 √–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å ....... 232 8.5 «‘∏’°“√μ√«® Õ∫√–¥—∫πÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√å
6.9 «‘μ™å‡≈◊Õ°·∫∫°“√¢—∫¢’Ë ................... 234 Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ............................................ 287
6.10 «‘μ™å μ“√åμ‡°’¬√å«à“ß (‡´π‡´Õ√å 8.6 «‘∏’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ∂à“¬πÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√å
μ”·Àπàߧ—π‡°’¬√å) .............................. 235 Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ............................................ 289
6.11 ‡´π‡´Õ√åμ”·Àπàß≈‘Èπ‡√àß .................... 236 8.7 «‘∏’°“√≈“°®Ÿß√∂¬πμå∑’Ë„™â‡°’¬√å
6.12 ‡´π‡´Õ√åÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘πÈ”À≈àÕ‡¬Áπ ............ 238 Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ............................................ 291
6.13 ‡´π‡´Õ√姫“¡‡√Á« .............................. 239 „∫ß“π∑’Ë 8.1 °“√μ√«® Õ∫√–¥—∫πÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√å
6.14 «‘μ™å‰ø‡∫√°.................................... 240 Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ............................... 292
6.15 «‘μ™å‚Õ‡«Õ√剥√åøÀ≈—° „∫ß“π∑’Ë 8.2 °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ∂à“¬πÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√å
(O/D Main Switch)........................... 241 Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ............................... 294
6.16 ECU ”À√—∫§«∫§ÿ¡°“√μ—Èß ·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 8 ................................. 297
§«“¡‡√Á«Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ .............................. 242 ·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π .............................. 299
6.17 ≈‘Èπ‚´≈‘πÕ¬¥å .................................... 243
6.18 °≈àÕß ECU ¢Õ߇°’¬√å ECT .............. 245
Àπ૬∑’Ë 9 ‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·∫∫ CVT .........301
·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 6 ................................. 252 9.1 ∫∑π” ................................................ 303
9.2 ª√–«—집 «“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π .............................. 253
·∫∫ CVT ......................................... 304
Àπ૬∑’Ë 7 °“√μ√«® Õ∫¢âÕ¢—¥¢âÕß 9.3 à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ...............255 ·∫∫ CVT ......................................... 304
9.4 °“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
7.1 ∫∑π” ................................................ 257
·∫∫ CVT ......................................... 304
7.2 «‘∏’°“√μ√«® Õ∫¢âÕ¢—¥¢âÕß 9.5 °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¢âÕ¥’·≈–¢âÕ¥âÕ¬
¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ .............................. 257 ¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·∫∫ CVT ............ 305
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 7.1 °“√∑¥ Õ∫ μÕ≈................. 260 9.6 ‡∑§π‘§°“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂¬πμå∑’Ë„™â
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 7.2 °“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡≈à“™â“ ......... 263 ‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·∫∫ CVT ................... 306
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 7.3 °“√∑¥ Õ∫°”≈—ߥ—π 9.7 °“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° .............................. 265 ·∫∫ CVT.......................................... 306
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 7.4 °“√∑¥ Õ∫°”≈—ߥ—π 9.8 °“√∫”√ÿß√—°…“‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
°—ø‡«Õ√å‡πÕ√å ........................ 268 ·∫∫ CVT.......................................... 307
„∫ß“π∑’Ë 7.5 °“√∑¥ Õ∫∫π∂ππ ............. 270 ·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 9 ................................. 308
·∫∫Ωñ°À—¥Àπ૬∑’Ë 7 ................................. 275 ·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π ............................... 309
·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫À≈—߇√’¬π .............................. 277 ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ ................................... 312
1 ‚§√ß √â“ß·≈– É«πª√–°Õ∫
¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
“√– ”§—≠
‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ (Auto Transmission) ‡ªìπ™ÿ¥ àß°”≈—ßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘´÷Ëߧ«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡≈◊ËÕπ
μ”·Àπà߇°’¬√å·≈–√–¬–‡«≈“‡¢â“®—∫§«∫§ÿ¡¥â«¬·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕºŸâ¢—∫¢’ˇ≈◊Õ°μ”·Àπàß
‡°’¬√å®–∑”„À⇰’¬√凪≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ‡°’¬√å ŸßÀ√◊Õ‡°’¬√åμË”‚¥¬Õ—μ‚π¡—μ‘‚¥¬ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫§«“¡‡√Á«
√∂¬πμå·≈–‚À≈¥¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå √∂¬πμå∑’Ë„™â‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘®–¡’·ªÑπ‡À¬’¬∫§—π‡√àß°—∫
·ªÑπ‡∫√°π—ÈπºŸâ¢—∫¢’ËμâÕß»÷°…“§Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√„™â‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘„À⇢Ⓞ®‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’®÷ß®–¢—∫¢’Ë√∂¬πμå
∑’Ë„™â‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—쑉¥âÕ¬à“ߪ≈Õ¥¿—¬
“√–°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
1. ∫∑π”
2. ¢âÕ¥’¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
3. ¢âÕ‡ ’¬¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
4. ª√–‡¿∑¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
5. à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
®ÿ¥ª√– ߧ凙‘ßæƒμ‘°√√¡
1. Õ∏‘∫“¬Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—쑉¥â
2. ∫Õ°¢âÕ¥’·≈–¢âÕ‡ ’¬¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—쑉¥â
3. ∫Õ°ª√–‡¿∑¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—쑉¥â
2 ß“π‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
º—ß¡‚π∑—»πå
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å
∫∑π”
“√–
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
‡æ≈“¢—∫≈âÕ
°√–ªÿ°‡°’¬√増∫Àπâ“
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1.1 · ¥ß‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘∑’Ë„™â°—∫√∂¬πμ増∫‡§≈◊ËÕπ≈âÕÀπâ“
‡æ≈“°≈“ß
1.5 à«πª√–°Õ∫À≈—°¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬™‘Èπ à«πÀ≈—°À≈“¬ à«π ™‘Èπ à«π‡À≈à“π’ÈμâÕß∑”ß“π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß
∂Ÿ°μâÕߥ⫬§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—π‡ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ”À√—∫§«“¡‡¢â“„®∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
®”‡ªìπ®–μâÕ߇¢â“„®Àπâ“∑’Ëæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß™‘Èπ à«πÀ≈—°¢Õß™ÿ¥ àß°”≈—ßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
™‘Èπ à«πÀ≈—°‚¥¬¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¥—ßπ’È §◊Õ
1.5.1 ∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å (Torque Coverter) μ‘¥μ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà∫π‡æ≈“√—∫°”≈—ߢÕ߇°’¬√å ·≈–¬÷¥
Õ¬Ÿà¥â“πÀ≈—߇æ≈“¢âÕ‡À«’ˬߢÕ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå¥â«¬‚∫≈∑åºà“π∑“ß·ºàπ¢—∫ „π√∂¬πμ凰’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å ∑”Àπâ“∑’‡Ë À¡◊Õπ≈âՙ૬·√ß ·μà‰¡àÀπ—°‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫≈âՙ૬·√ߢÕß√∂¬πμ凰’¬√å
Àπ૬∑’Ë 1 ‚§√ß √â“ß·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ 5
‡∑Õ√å‰∫πå
‰ª¬—߇°’¬√å §≈—μ™å∑“߇¥’¬«
®“°‡§√◊ËÕ߬πμå
‡æ≈“√—∫°”≈—ß
‡°’¬√å
1.5.2 Àπ૬‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ˇ°’¬√å
Àπ૬‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ˇ°’¬√åμ‘¥μ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π‡ ◊ÈÕ‡°’¬√å ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫
·≈–∑‘»∑“ß°“√À¡ÿπ¢Õ߇æ≈“ àß°”≈—ßÕÕ°·≈–∂à“¬∑Õ¥μàÕ‰ª¬—ßÀπ૬¢—∫ ÿ¥∑⓬ ´÷Ëß∑”ß“π
‚¥¬·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° (πÈ”¡—π) ∑’Ë à߉ª¬—ߧ≈—μ™å·≈–‡∫√°‡æ◊ËÕ§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë
´÷Ëß¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë¥—ßπ’È
6 ß“π‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
1.5.4 §≈—μ™å·≈–§≈—μ™å∑“߇¥’¬«
§≈—μ™å‡ªìπμ—«μàÕ°”≈—ß®“°∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å
∑’Ë àß ‰ª¬—ß ™ÿ¥ ‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë ‡ °’¬ √å ‡æ◊Ë Õ ∂à “ ¬∑Õ¥·√ß∫‘ ¥
®“°‡§√◊Ë Õ ß¬πμå ‰ ª¬— ß ‡æ≈“μà Õ °”≈— ß ·≈–μ— ¥ °”≈— ß ¢Õß
∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å∑’Ë à߉ª¬—߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ˇ°’¬√å ‡æ◊ËÕ
À¬ÿ¥·√ß∫‘¥„π°“√μàÕ°”≈—ߢÕ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå §≈—μ™å·∫∫
‡ªï¬°À≈“¬·ºàπ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°“√®—¥·ºàπ§≈—μ™å ·≈–
·ºàπ§—ËπÀ≈“¬ Ê ·ºàπ«“ß ≈—∫°—π‡ªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â°—πÕ¬Ÿà„π
‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘¢Õß‚μ‚¬μâ“ ªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°„™â √Ÿª∑’Ë 1.6 · ¥ß§≈—μ™å·∫∫‡ªï¬°À≈“¬·ºàπ
‡æ◊ËÕμàÕ·≈–μ—¥°“√∑”ß“π¢Õߧ≈—μ™å
§≈—μ™å∑“߇¥’¬«
À¡“¬‡≈¢ 2 ª≈Õ°°√Õßμ—«πÕ° ¥ÿ¡ B3
·§√‘‡ÕÕ√å‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë
¥â“πÀ≈—ß
1.5.5 √–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°
√–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Õà“ßπÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√å ´÷Ëß∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√Õß√—∫πÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√å
ªíö¡πÈ”¡—π∑”„À⇰‘¥·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°‰ª¬—ß≈‘Èπμà“ß Ê ‚¥¬™àÕßπÈ”¡—π ∑àÕπÈ”¡—π ´÷Ëß àßπÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√å
‰ª¬—ߧ≈—μ™å‡∫√° ·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫Õ◊Ëπ Ê ¢Õß√–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰’¬√å∑”ß“π
‰¥â√–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°®–μ‘¥μ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà„π™ÿ¥‡√◊Õπ«“≈å«„μâ‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ˇ°’¬√å ´÷Ëß¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë¥—ßπ’ȧ◊Õ
1.5.5.1 ®à“¬πÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√剪∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å
1.5.5.2 §«∫§ÿ¡·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°ªíö¡πÈ”¡—π
1.5.5.3 ‡ª≈’¬Ë π¿“√–¢Õ߇§√◊ÕË ß¬πμå ·≈–§«“¡‡√Á«√∂¬πμ凪ìπ ç ≠
— ≠“≥é ‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°
1.5.5.4 ®—¥·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°‰ª¬—ߧ≈—μ™å ·≈–‡∫√°‡æ◊ËÕ§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß
‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ˇ°’¬√å
1.5.5.5 À≈àÕ≈◊Ëπ™‘Èπ à«π∑’ËÀ¡ÿπ
1.5.5.6 √–∫“¬§«“¡√âÕπÕÕ°®“°∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å·≈–™ÿ¥‡°’¬√å
‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë ∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å
™ÿ¥‡√◊Õπ«“≈å«
ªíö¡πÈ”¡—π
Õà“ßπÈ”¡—π
1.5.6 °“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å
√–∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∑”Àπâ“∑’§Ë «∫§ÿ¡°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë 𧫓¡‡√Á«√∂·≈–¿“√–®“°‡§√◊ÕË ß¬πμå
‡ªìπ ç —≠≠“≥é ‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õß —≠≠“≥‡À≈à“π’È ·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∂Ÿ°®à“¬‰ª¬—ß
‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ˇ°’¬√å §≈—μ™å ·≈–‡∫√°Õ¬à“ßÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘·μ°μà“ß°—π‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥‡ªìπÕ—μ√“∑¥∑’Ë
‡À¡“– ¡μ“¡ ¿“æ°“√¢—∫¢’Ë ´÷Ëß°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√凰‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â‚¥¬Àπ૬§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°„π¥—ß· ¥ß
„π¿“æ
§—π‡√àß
“¬§—π‡√àß
≈‘Èπ°—ø‡«Õ√å‡πÕ√å
(§«“¡‡√Á«√∂¬πμå) ∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å
≈‘Èπ‡√àß
™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇ª≈’ˬπÕ—μ√“∑¥
— ≠“≥
≠
§«“¡‡√Á« ‡øóÕߢ—∫
√∂¬πμå
(°”≈—ߥ—π
°—ø‡«Õ√å‡πÕ√å) ¥‘ø‡øÕ‡√π‡™’¬≈
“¬≈‘Èπ§—π‡√àß
—≠≠“≥‚À≈¥¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå Àπ૬§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°
(°”≈—ߥ—π≈‘Èπ§—π‡√àß)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1.10 · ¥ß°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å
1.5.6.1 §«“¡‡√Á«√∂¬πμå °—ø‡«Õ√å‡πÕ√å«“≈å«®–§«∫§ÿ¡·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°
ªíö¡πÈ”¡—π‡ªìπ —¥ à«π°—∫§«“¡‡√Á«¢Õß√∂¬πμå ·√ߥ—ππ’È (‡√’¬°«à“ ç·√ߥ—π°—ø‡«Õ√å‡πÕ√åé) ®–
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ√∂¬πμå¡’§«“¡‡√Á«´÷Ëß®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ç —≠≠“≥§«“¡‡√Á«√∂¬πμåé ·≈– à߉ª¬—ßÀπ૬
§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°
1.5.6.2 ¿“√–¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå ≈‘Èπ‡√àß„πÀπ૬§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° ®–§«∫§ÿ¡·√ߥ—π
‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°ªíö¡πÈ”¡—𠇪ìπ —¥ à«π°—∫√–¬–∑’˧—π‡√àß∂Ÿ°°¥≈߉ª ·√ߥ—ππ’È (‡√’¬°«à“
ç·√ߥ—π≈‘Èπ‡√àßé) ®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ≈‘Èπ‡√àß¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ªμ“¡¿“√– À√◊Õ‚À≈¥¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå
´÷Ëß®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ç —≠≠“≥‚À≈¥¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμåé ‡æ◊ËÕ à߉ª¬—ßÀπ૬§«∫§ÿ¡‚Œ¥√Õ≈‘°
1.5.6.3 Àπ૬§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘° ·√ߥ—π°—ø‡«Õ√å‡πÕ√å ·≈–·√ߥ—π≈‘Èπ‡√à߇ªìπ‡Àμÿ
„Àâ«“≈嫇ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å„πÀπ૬§«∫§ÿ¡‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∑”ß“π §à“¢Õß·√ߥ—π‡À≈à“π’ȧ«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë
¢Õß«“≈嫇À≈à“π’È ·≈–«“≈嫇À≈à“π’ȧ«∫§ÿ¡·√ߥ—π‰Œ¥√Õ≈‘°∑’ˉª¬—ߧ≈—μ™å·≈–‡∫√° „πÀπ૬
‡æ≈π‡πμμ“√’ˇ°’¬√å´÷ËßÀ¡ÿπ‡«’¬π§«∫§ÿ¡°“√‡ª≈’ˬπμ”·ÀπàߢÕ߇°’¬√å
10 ß“π‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
1.5.7 °â“πμàÕ§—π‡°’¬√å
‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘®–‡ª≈’ˬπ¢÷Èπ·≈–≈ßÕ¬à“ßÕ—μ‚π¡—쑉¥âπ—Èπ ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë®–μâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡°“√
‡≈◊Ë Õ π§— π ∫— ß §— ∫ ‡°’ ¬ √å „ Àâ Õ ¬Ÿà „ πμ”·Àπà ß ∑’Ë μâ Õ ß°“√‚¥¬·¢π‡≈◊ Õ °‡ª≈’Ë ¬ π‡°’ ¬ √å · ≈–§— π ‡°’ ¬ √å „ π
‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘®–μàÕ°—∫‡°’¬√å¥â«¬ “¬‡§‡∫‘≈ À√◊Õ°â“πμàÕºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë “¡“√∂‡≈◊Õ°°“√¢—∫¢’Ë∑’Ëμ”·Àπàß
‡¥‘ π Àπâ “ ∂Õ¬À≈— ß «à “ ß À√◊ Õ ®Õ¥ ‚¥¬„™â · ¢π∫— ß §— ∫ π’È à « π¡“°‡°’ ¬ √å Õ— μ ‚π¡— μ‘ ∑—È ß À¡¥
‡°’¬√凥‘πÀπ⓪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 3 μ”·Àπà߇°’¬√å§◊Õ μ”·Àπàß çDé (¢—∫) ç2é (∑—Èß Õß) ·≈– çLé (μË”)
‡æ◊ÕË §«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ ‡§√◊ÕË ß¬πμå “¡“√∂ μ“√åμμ‘¥‰¥â ‚¥¬°“√‡≈◊Õ°‡≈◊ÕË π§—π‡°’¬√剪∑’μË ”·Àπàß çNé
(«à“ß) À√◊Õ çPé (®Õ¥) ‡∑à“π—πÈ À√◊Õ‡¡◊ÕË ‡°’¬√å‰¡à “¡“√∂∂à“¬∑Õ¥°”≈—ß®“°‡§√◊ÕË ß¬πμ剪™ÿ¥ ßà °”≈—ß
“¬‡§‡∫‘È≈
·¢π‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å
(°) μ”·Àπàߧ—π‡°’¬√å (¢) “¬‡§‡∫‘≈·≈–·¢π‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1.11 · ¥ßμ”·Àπàߧ—π‡°’¬√å·≈– “¬‡§‡∫‘≈§—π‡°’¬√å√∂¬πμ増∫‡§≈◊ËÕπ≈âÕÀπâ“
1.5.8 §—π‡√àß
°“√‡À¬’¬∫§—π‡√àß®– —¡æ—π∏å°—π√–À«à“ß√–¬–‡À¬’¬∫¢“§—π‡√àßμ”·Àπàß≈‘Èπ‡√à߇ªî¥
·≈–Àπ૬§«∫§ÿ¡πÈ”¡—π‡°’¬√å∑’Ë°√–ªÿ°‡°’¬√å “¬§—π‡√àß®–μàÕ®“°°≈‰° ¢“§—π‡√à߉ª≈‘Èπªï°º’‡ ◊ÈÕ
·≈–°√–ªÿ°‡°’¬√å ‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—쑇ª≈’Ë¬π§«“¡‡√Á«¢÷Èπ·≈–≈ßμ“¡¿“√–¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå (≈‘Èπ‡√à߇ªî¥)
·≈–ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë “¡“√∂‡ª≈’ˬπÕ“°“√‡À≈à“π’ȉ¥â ‚¥¬°“√§«∫§ÿ¡√–¬–°“√°¥≈‘Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ§—π‡√àß∂Ÿ°°¥
‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ‡°’¬√凪≈’ˬπ¢÷Èπ·≈–≈ß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ —¡æ—π∏å‰ªμ“¡§«“¡‡√Á«μË”¢Õß√∂¬πμå ‡¡◊ËÕ§—π‡√àß
∂Ÿ°°¥μàÕ‰ª °“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å∑’ˇ°‘¥
≈‘Èπªï°Ωï‡ ◊ÈÕ
¢÷Èπ —¡æ—π∏å‰ªμ“¡§«“¡‡√Á« Ÿß §—π ‡√àß
‡√àß·≈– “¬§—π‡√àßμâÕߪ√—∫μ—Èß„Àâ∂Ÿ°
μâÕßμ“¡§«“¡¬“«∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ ‡æ√“–
«à“®– àߺ≈∂÷߇«≈“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡°’¬√å∑’Ë “¬≈‘Èπ‡√àß “¬§—π
∂Ÿ°μâÕß ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß «“≈å«≈‘Èπ‡√àß
√–¬–°“√°¥§— π ‡√à ß μ“¡¡ÿ ¡ ‡ªî ¥ ≈‘È π
¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå ·≈–¡ÿ¡‡ªî¥≈‘Èπ‡√àß
¢Õ߇°’¬√å∑’Ë∂Ÿ°μâÕß
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1.12 · ¥ß à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß “¬§—π‡√àß
Àπ૬∑’Ë 1 ‚§√ß √â“ß·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘ 11
ª≈—Í°√–∫“¬
°”≈—ߥ—π ∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å
‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë
™ÿ¥¢—∫
ÿ¥∑⓬
®“°‡§√◊ËÕ߬πμå
‡øóÕß∑⓬
‡øóÕߢ—∫ ‡æ≈“¢—∫
‡æ≈“¢—∫
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
1
○ ○ ○ ○ ○
‚§√ß √â“ß·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
7. ™ÿ¥‡∫√°„π‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
8. §≈—μ™å∑“߇¥’¬«„π‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
14 ß“π‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
9. ™ÿ¥¢—∫ ÿ¥∑⓬„π‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
10. ®ß∫Õ°Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õ߇°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
8. ‡∫√°„π‡°’¬√åÕ—μ‚π¡—μ‘¡’Àπâ“∑’Ëμ√ß°—∫¢âÕ„¥
°. ®—∫¬÷¥ à«πª√–°Õ∫Àπ÷ËߢÕ߇øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë
¢. μàÕ°”≈—ß®“°∑Õ√å°§Õπ‡«Õ√å‡μÕ√å°—∫™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë
§. μ—¥°”≈—ß®“°™ÿ¥‡øóÕ߇æ≈π‡πμμ“√’Ë°—∫‡æ≈“ àß°”≈—ß
ß. ®—∫¬÷¥‡æ≈“ àß°”≈—߉¡à„ÀâÀ¡ÿπ„πμ”·Àπà߇°’¬√å®Õ¥ çPé
9. ‡æ√“–‡Àμÿ„¥‡°’¬√åÕμ— ‚π¡—μ∑‘ „’Ë ™â°∫— √∂¬πμå¢∫— ‡§≈◊ÕË π≈âÕÀπâ“μâÕßÕÕ°·∫∫„Àâ¡¢’ 𓥇≈Á°°–∑—¥√—¥
°. „Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√„™âß“π
¢. ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑’Ë·ª≈°„À¡à
§. ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ√∂¬πμå¡’√“§“∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ
ß. ‡æ√“–∑—È߇§√◊ËÕ߬πμå·≈–‡°’¬√åμâÕßÕ¬Ÿà„πÀâÕ߇§√◊ËÕß
10. °“√‡≈◊Õ°„™â‡°’¬√å„πμ”·Àπàß çPé ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°μâÕßμ√ß°—∫¢âÕ„¥
°. ‡¥‘πÀπâ“¢—∫¢’Ë¢÷Èπ∑“ß™—π¡“° Ê
¢. ®Õ¥√∂¢≥–√∂μ‘¥ —≠≠“≥‰ø·¥ß À√◊Õ√∂À¬ÿ¥™—Ë«§√“«
§. ¢—∫≈ß∑“ß™—π‡æ◊Ëՙ૬‡∫√°Õ’°∑“ßÀπ÷Ëß
ß. ®Õ¥√∂‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡àμâÕß°“√„Àâ√∂¬πμ凧≈◊ËÕπ