2016 年 12 月大学英语四级考试(第 3 套)

２０１６年１２月大学英语四级考试（第３套）
Ｐａｒｔ
Pa
rtIＩ Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
Wri
ting (
30m
（３０ inutes)
ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
Dir
ections:Fo
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒrｔｈｉｓ
thisp art,youa
ｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ
reaａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
ll
owed3 ３０0m
ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
inutestｔｏ
ow ｗｒｉｔｅ
rit ａｎss
eane ｅｓｓａｙ．Ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅ
ay. Suppo s
ey ｙｏｕ
ouhｈａｖｅ ｔｗｏ
avetwo
ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ
optionsuｕｐｏｎ graduaton:onei
ponｇｒａｄｕａｔｉｏｎ：ｏｎｅ
i ｉｓst
ｔｏoｆｉｎｄ
findaａj
ｊｏｂ
obsｓｏｍｅｗｈｅｒｅ
omewhe r ａｎｄndt
ea ｔｈｅheo
ｏｔｈｅｒ
the
rtｔｏos
ｓｔａｒｔ
t
arta ａ
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
bu s
ines so ｏｆ
fy ｙｏｕｒ
ouro ｏｗｎ．Ｙｏｕ
wn. Youaａｒｅret
ｔｏoｍａｋｅ
mak ａ ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ．Ｗｒｉｔｅ
ead ecisi
on.Wr i
t ａｎne
ea ｅｓｓａｙ
ssaytｔｏoeｅｘｐｌａｉｎ
xpl a
int ｔｈｅ
he
ｒｅａｓｏｎｓ
reasonsf ｆｏｒ
ory ｙｏｕｒ
ourdｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ．Ｙｏｕ
ecisi
on. Yous ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
hou ｗｒｉｔｅ
ldw rit ａｔtl
ea ｌｅａｓｔ
eat1
s １２０
20w ｗｏｏｒｄｓ
ordsbuｂｕｔ ｎｏ ｍｏｒｅ
tnom oretｔｈａｎ
han18１８０
0
ｅｏｒｄｓ．
wo
rds.

Ｐａｒｔ
PartIＩＩI
I Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
ReadingCＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
omprehensi
on (
40mi nu
tes)
（４０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Sect
ionAＡ
Di
rections:I
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ： Ｉｎntｔｈｉｓ
hiss ec
tion,t
ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅｒｅ
herei ｉｓ ａpｐａｓｓａｇｅ
sa assagew ｗｉｔｈ
ithtｔｅｎ
enbｂｌａｎｋｓ．
lank s. Ｙｏｕ
Youaａｒｅ
rerｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ
equiredtｔｏos
ｓｅｌｅｃｔ
e
lectonｏｎｅ
e
ｗｏｒｄ
wordｆｏｒ
f ｅａｃｈ
ore ｂｌａｎｋ
achblankｆｒｏｍ
romａal
f ｌｉｓｔ
istoｏｆfcｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
hoicesgiｇｉｖｅｎ
veni ｉｎ ａwｗｏｒｄ
na ordb ｂａｎｋ
ankf ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
ollowingt ｔｈｅ
he
 ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
passage. Ｒｅａｄ
Readt ｔｈｅ
heｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passaget ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
hroughc ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ
are
fu l
lyb ｂｅｆｏｒｅ
efo
r e maｍａｋｉｎｇ
king yｙｏｕｒ
ourchｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ．Ｅａｃｈ
oi c
es.Each
ｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceiｉｎnt
ｔｈｅ
hebｂａｎｋ
ankiｉｓsiｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ
dentifiedby ｂｙaａleｌｅｔｔｅｒ．Ｐｌｅａｓｅ
tter. Pleasem ｍａｒｋ
arktｔｈｅ
hecｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
orrespondi ngｌｅｔｔｅｒ
let
terfｆｏｒ
or
ｅａｃｈ
eachiｉｔｅｍ
temo ｏｎnA
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
nswerSＳｈｅｅｔ
hee ２ ｗｉｔｈ
t2w i
t ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
has ingl eliｌｉｎｅ
net ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
hrought ｔｈｅcenｃｅｎｔｒｅ．Ｙｏｕ
he tre. Youma ｍａｙｎｏｔ
yno tuｕｓｅ
se
ａｎｙ
anyｏｆofｔｈｅ
thew ｒｅｏｒｄｓ
ordsiｉｎ
nt ｔｈｅ
hebaｂａｎｋ
nkm ｍｏｒｅ
oretｔｈａｎ
hano ｏｎｃｅ．
nc
e.
Ｗｈｅｎ ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ
Whens ｃｏｍｍｉｔｓ
omeonec ommi ａ ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ
t
sac riminalact,wea
ａｃｔ，ｗｅ ａｌｗａｙｓ ｈｏｐｅ
lwaysh ｔｈｅ
opetheｐｕｎｉｓｈｍｅｎｔ
pun
ishmen ｗｉｌｌ
tw i
llmｍａｔｃｈ
atchtｔｈｅ
he
ｏｆｆｅｎｓｅ．Ｂｕｔ
o
ffense.Bu ｗｈｅｎ
tw henｉｔ
itcｃｏｍｅｓ
ome stｔｏooｏｎｅ
neo ｏｆthｔｈｅ
f ec ｃｒｕｅｌｅｓｔ
ruel
estcrim es—an
ｃｒｉｍｅｓ—ａｎｉｍａｌ
imalfight
ing—t
ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ—ｔｈｉｎｇｓ
hings 26 ２６wｗｏｒｋ
ork
ｏｕｔ
ou
ttｔｈａｔ
ha
tw ｗａｙ．Ｄｏｇ－ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ
ay.Dog -f
ighti
ng v ｖｉｃｔｉｍｓ
i
ctimsareａｒｅ２７ａｎｄ
27 a ｋｉｌｌｅｄ
nd ki
ll ｆｏｒorｐｒｏｆｉｔ
edf prof
ita nd “spo
rt,”ye
ａｎｄ＂ｓｐｏｒｔ，＂ｙｅｔ ｔｈｅｉｒ
ttheir
ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ
c
riminalaａｂｕｓｅｒｓ
busersoｏｆｔｅｎ
ft
enr ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅ
eceiveaａ ２８
28ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ
s
en t
encｆｏｒ
ef ｃａｕｓｉｎｇ
o
rc ausi
ngａ aｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅ
li
fetimeoｏｆfp
ｐａｉｎ．
ain.RＲｏｕｇｈｌｙ
oughlyhｈａｌｆ
alfoｏｆ
f
allf
ａｌｌ ede ral
ly-conv i
cteda
ｆｅｄｅｒａｌｌｙ－ｃｏｎｖｉｃｔｅｄ n
ima lf
ａｎｉｍａｌ igh terso
ｆｉｇｈｔｅｒｓ nlyg
ｏｎｌｙ etp
ｇｅｔ robation(缓刑).
ｐｒｏｂａｔｉｏｎ（缓刑）．
Some
Ｓｏｍｅ progres
ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ sh
ｈａｓasbee
ｂｅｅｎ n ma
ｍａｄｅde
ｉｎint
ｔｈｅheprosecut
ion(起 诉)o
ｐｒｏｓｅｃｕｔｉｏｎ（起诉）ｏｆfanima
ａｎｉｍａｌlｆｉｇｈｔｅｒｓ．
fighter
s.B utf
Ｂｕｔ ederalj
ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ udges
ｊｕｄｇｅｓ
ｏｆｔｅｎ
of
tenr ｒｅｌｙ
e
l yhｈｅａｖｉｌｙ
e
av i
lyontｏｎhe
ｔｈｅU.Ｕ．Ｓ．
S.SenＳｅｎｔｅｎｃｉｎｇ
tencing Gu iＧｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ
delineswhe ｗｈｅｎ
nt ｔｈｅｙ29
hey ２９ ｐｅｎａｌｔｉｅｓ，
penalt
ies,aａｎｄ
ndiｉｎntｔｈｅ
he
ｃａｓｅ
c
aseoｏｆfaａｎｉｍａｌ
nimalfｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ，
ighting,t hｔｈｏｓｅ
oseguｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ
i
delinesar ａｒｅutd
eo ｏｕｔｄａｔｅｄ
atedandeａｎｄxtrｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙ
eme ly 30 ３０ .
Ｔｈｅ
Th Ｕ．Ｓ．S.Ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｉｎｇ
eU. Sentenc
ingC ommi ssion,wh
Ｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，ｗｈｉｃｈ
i
ch３１ 3
ｔｈｅｓｅ
1 t ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｉｎｇ
he
ses enten
c i
nggu id
elin
es,i
ｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ，ｉｓ ｒｅｖｉｓｉｔｉｎｇ
srevis
it
ingt hem,
ｔｈｅｍ，
ｐｒｏｐｏｓｉｎｇ
propo s
ingｔｏ
t
orｒａｉｓｅ
a
iset ｔｈｅ
hemｍｉｎｉｍｕｍ
i
nimums ｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ
entencefｆｒｏｍ
rom6 ６－１２
-12tｔｏo2２１－２７
1-27m ｍｏｎｔｈｓ．
onths.TＴｈｉｓ
hi
si ｉｓaａste
s ｓｔｅｐ
pinｉｎ
t
h ｔｈｅ
eri
ghｒｉｇｈｔ
t 3 ３２
2 ,
ｂｕｔ
bu ｗｅ＇ｄe􀆳dｌｉｋｅ
tw liketｔｏosｓｅｅ
eet ｔｈｅ
heU.Ｕ．ＳS.SＳｅｎｔｅｎｃｉｎｇ
entenci
ngC Ｃｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ
ommi ssi ｍａｋｅakeｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ
onm furthe ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ
rchange ｔｏtoｔｈｅ
s theｇｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ．
gu
ideli
n e
s.
Ａｌｏｎｇ
Alongｗｉｔｈ
wihｔｈｉｓ
t th
i e
ffot, w
sｅｆｆｏｒｔ，
r ｗｅ＇ｒｅ
e􀆳r
ew ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
orking ｗｉｔｈ
with ａｎｉｍａｌ
animalaａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ
dvocates ａｎｄ
andｓｔａｔｅ
s
tateaａｎｄ
ndｆｅｄｅｒａｌ
f
ederal
ｌａｗｍａｋｅｒｓ
lawmake rsｔｏ
to ３３ 3
ａｎｔｉ－ｃｒｕｅｌｔｙ
3 an ti-
cruelｌａｗｓ
t
yl awａｃｒｏｓｓ
sa crosｔｈｅhec
st ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ，ａｓ
ount
ry,a ｗｅｌｌ
s we
l ａｓss
la ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ
upporti
ngl ｌａｗｓ
awsa ａｎｄ
nd
ｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓ
pol
iciestｔｈａｔ
hata ａｓｓｉｓｔ
ss
istoveｏｖｅｒｂｕｒｄｅｎｅｄ
rburdenedan ａｎｉｍａｌ
ima l ３４
34ｔｈａｔ
thaｃａｒｅ
tc arｆｏｒ
efo ａｎｉｍａｌ
ranima ｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ
lfi
ghtingvｖｉｃｔｉｍｓ．
ic
tims.T Ｔｈｉｓ
hi
sh ｈｅｌｐ
elp
ｉｓ
is３５35
ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
impo rｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
t
antbe c ｔｈｅ
aus
etｈｉｇｈ
heh ｃｏｓｔ
i
ghco ｏｆ
stoｃａｒｉｎｇ
fc ar
i ｆｏｒ
ngfoａｎｉｍａｌ
ra nimaｖｉｃｔｉｍｓ
lvict ｉｓsa
imsi ａ ｍａｊｏｒ
majo ｆａｃｔｏｒ
rfactortｔｈａｔ
hat
ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｓ
prevent ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
speopl ｆｒｏｍ
efromｇｅｔｔｉｎｇ
gett
ingｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ
invo l ｉｎinc
ved ｃｒｕｅｌｔｙ
ruelt ｃａｓｅｓ
ycase ｉｎint
s ｔｈｅheｆｉｒｓｔ
firstpｐｌａｃｅ．
lace.

Ａ）A)ｃｏｎｖｅｎｉｅｎｔ
convenien
t B)
Ｂ） creat
es
ｃｒｅａｔｅｓ C)c ri
tica
ll
Ｃ）ｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｌｙ
y D)
Ｄ） dete
rmine
ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅ
)
E d irec
tion
Ｅ）ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ F)he
Ｆ）ｈｅｓｉｔａｔｅ
si
tate Ｇ）G)ｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ
inadequate H)
Ｈ）ｉｎｓｐｉｒｅｄ
insp
ired
I)ｍｅｔｈｏｄ
Ｉ） me
thod J)mi n
imal
Ｊ）ｍｉｎｉｍａｌ K)ra
rel
y
Ｋ）ｒａｒｅｌｙ L)shel
ters
Ｌ）ｓｈｅｌｔｅｒｓ
M)str
engthen
Ｍ）ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎ Ｎ）N)ｓｕｆｆｅｒｉｎｇｓ
suffer
ings O)
Ｏ） tortur
ed
ｔｏｒｔｕｒｅｄ

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Se
cti
onB Ｂ
Direc
tions:I
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ： Ｉｎnt
ｔｈｉｓ
h
issecton,youa
ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｙｏｕ
i ａｒｅ
reｇｏｉｎｇ
gongｔｏ
i torｒｅａｄ
eada ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
pa s
s ｗｉｔｈ
agew i
t ｔｅｎ
htens ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ
tatemen t
saａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ
ttachedtｔｏoiｉｔ．
t.
Ｅａｃｈ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ
Eachs ta
temen tｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
contain ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
sino
frma tiong ｇｉｖｅｎ
iveniｉｎnoｏｎｅ
neoｏｆ
fthｔｈｅ
epa ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ．
ragraph s. Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ
Identifyt ｔｈｅ
he
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraph ｆｒｏｍ
r
fomｗｈｉｃｈ
whi ｔｈｅ
cht ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
heinformationiｉｓ
sd ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．
erived.YoＹｏｕ
u mｍａｙ
ayc ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
hooseaａpa
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
ragraph
ｍｏｒｅ
mor ｔｈａｎ
et ｏｎｃｅ．Ｅａｃｈ
hano nc
e. Eachｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragrapｉｓ
hiｍａｒｋｅｄ
sm ark ｗｉｔｈ
edwi ａhal
t ｌｅｔｔｅｒ．
e
tter.Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
An swe ｔｈｅ
rtheｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questi
onsbｂｙ
y
ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ
markingｔｈｅ
t ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
hecorrespondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ
l
ette
ro ｏｎ
nA Ａｎｓｗｅｒ
nswe rSＳｈｅｅｔ
het2２．
e .

Ｗｈｅｎ
WhenＷｏｒｋ
Wo Ｂｅｃｏｍｅｓ
rkBecome ａ Ｇａｍｅ
saG ame

A)Wha
Ａ）Ｗｈａｔ t mo t
ivat
ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｓese mploye
e
ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ st
ｔｏod
ｄｏotheirj
ｔｈｅｉｒ obsw
ｊｏｂｓ e
ll? Compe t
iti
on w
ｗｅｌｌ？Ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ ithco
ｗｉｔｈ workers,f o
rs
ｃｏｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ，ｆｏｒ ome.
ｓｏｍｅ．
Theｐｒｏｍｉｓｅ
Ｔｈｅ promis eo rds,f
ｏｆfｒｅｗａｒｄｓ，ｆｏｒ
rewa o ro thers.
ｏｔｈｅｒｓ． Puree
Ｐｕｒｅ njoymen
ｅｎｊｏｙｍｅｎｔto
ｏｆfproblem-solving,fora
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ－ｓｏｌｖｉｎｇ，ｆｏｒ ａl
uckyf
ｌｕｃｋｙ ew.
ｆｅｗ．
B)I ncreas
ingly,
Ｂ）Ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙ， comp ani
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ e
s a
ａｒｅretapping
ｔａｐｐｉｎｇ i
ntoｔｈｅｓｅ
ｉｎｔｏ t
hesed es
iresd
ｄｅｓｉｒｅｓ i
rectlyth
ｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙ r
oughwh
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ atha
ｗｈａｔ sc
ｈａｓoｃｏｍｅ
met ob
ｔｏek
ｂｅnｋｎｏｗｎ
own
as“ gamifica
tion”:ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ，
ａｓ＂ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ＂： e
ssent
ial
ly,t ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ
u
rningwo ｗｏｒｋ
rki nｉｎｔｏ
t
oag e.“
ａamｇａｍｅ．＂Ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Gamificati
oni ｉｓbａｂｏｕｔ
sa outun ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ
derstanding
・４・
·4· 2016 -12四级试题（第
２０１６－１２ 四级试题(第３3套）
套)
 ｗｈａｔ
whatiｉｔtiｉｓ
st ｔｈａｔ
hatm ｍａｋｅｓ
akesg ｇａｍｅｓ
amese ｅｎｇａｇｉｎｇ
ngaging aａｎｄ
nd ｗｈａｔ
whatｇａｍｅ
gameｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｒｓ
desi
gne rsｄｏdotｔｏoｃｒｅａｔｅ
creat
ea ａg
ｇｒｅａｔ
re a
t
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ
expe ri
enc eｉｎ
i ｇａｍｅｓ，
ngame s,ａｎｄ
andｔａｋｉｎｇ
takngｔｈｏｓｅ
i thos
elｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇｓ
earningsaａｎｄ
ndaａｐｐｌｙｉｎｇ
pplyingtｔｈｅｍ
hemt ｔｏooｏｔｈｅｒ
thercｃｏｎｔｅｘｔｓ
ontex t
ss ｓｕｃｈ
ucha ａｓ
s
ｔｈｅ
thewｗｏｒｋｐｌａｃｅ
orkpl
aceaａｎｄ
nde ducat
ion,”exp
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ，＂ｅｘｐｌａｉｎｓ
lai
nsK Ｋｅｖｉｎ
evi
nW erbach,aｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ，ａ gamifi
cationeｅｘｐｅｒｔ
xper
tw ｗｈｏ
hotｔｅａｃｈｅｓ
eaches
ａｔatｔｈｅ
theＷｈａｒｔｏｎ
Whart Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ
onS choo ｏｆofB
l Ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ
usines ａｔtｔｈｅ
sa theUＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
niversi
tyｏｆ
o
fPＰｅｎｎｓｙｌｖａｎｉａ
ennsylvaniaiｉｎntｔｈｅ
heU Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ
nitedSＳｔａｔｅｓ．
ta
tes.

C)I
Ｃ）Ｉｔ tm igh
ｍｉｇｈｔ tm
ｍｅａｎeanmon itor
ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇingemp loy
ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅ eepr oductiv
ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙityo
ｏｎ ａnad igi
ta
ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ lle
aderboa rda
ｌｅａｄｅｒｂｏａｒｄ ndo
ａｎｄ f
feringp
ｏｆｆｅｒｉｎｇ ri
zes
ｐｒｉｚｅｓ
tot
ｔｏ hew
ｔｈｅ i
nne rs,o
ｗｉｎｎｅｒｓ，ｏｒ r i
ving
ｇｉｖｉｎｇ
g emp loye
ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ esdi it
ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
g albadge
ｂａｄｇｅｓ so
ｏｒ r st
ar
ｓｔａｒｓ sfo
ｆｏｒ rcomp let
ing
ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｉｎｇ certai
ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ na ctiv
ities.
ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ．
Itc
Ｉｔ oulda
ｃｏｕｌｄ lsom
ａｌｓｏ eant
ｍｅａｎ rainingeｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ mpl
oye esh owt
ｈｏｗ ｔｏod
ｄｏothei
rj
ｔｈｅｉｒ obst
ｊｏｂｓ hroughv
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ideoga
ｖｉｄｅｏ mep
ｇａｍｅ l
atforms.
ｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍｓ．
Compan i
Ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓesf r
om
ｆｒｏｍ Goog
Ｇｏｏｇｌｅ l
e
ｔｏtoL 􀆳Oré
Ｌ＇Ｏｒéａｌalt
ｔｏoIBMt
ＩＢＭ ｔｏoＷｅｌｌｓ
WellsF argoa
Ｆａｒｇｏ r
ek
ａｒｅ nownt
ｋｎｏｗｎ ｔｏouses
ｕｓｅ omed
ｓｏｍｅ egreeo
ｄｅｇｒｅｅ f
ｏｆ
gamifi
cationi
ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ nt
ｉｎ heirwo
ｔｈｅｉｒ rkplaces.Andmo
ｗｏｒｋｐｌａｃｅｓ． Ａｎｄ reandmo
ｍｏｒｅ ａｎｄ recompan
ｍｏｒｅ ie
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓsa rej
ａｒｅ oi ni
ngt
ｊｏｉｎｉｎｇ hem.Ar
ｔｈｅｍ． Ａ ecent
ｒｅｃｅｎｔ
reports
ｒｅｐｏｒｔ ugge s
tsｔｈａｔ
ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｓ t
hatt heg
ｔｈｅ loba lg
ｇｌｏｂａｌ ami f
icationm
ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ arketw
ｍａｒｋｅｔ i
llg
ｗｉｌｌ rowf
ｇｒｏｗ rom ￥１．６５
ｆｒｏｍ $1.65b i
llioni
ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎ n2
ｉｎ 015t
２０１５ o
ｔｏ
$11.
￥１１．１ 1bi
lli
onb
ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎ y2
ｂｙ 020.
２０２０．
D)Thec
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅ oncep
ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ to
ｏｆfｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
gamifica
tioni sn
ｉｓote
ｎｏｔnt
ire
l ,We
ynewｎｅｗ，Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ
ｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｙ rbachs ays.Compan ies,ma rkete
rsaａｎｄ
ｓａｙｓ．Ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ，ｍａｒｋｅｔｅｒｓ nd
ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ
teachershｈａｖｅ
avelｌｏｎｇ
ongl ｌｏｏｋｅｄ
ookedf ｆｏｒ
orfｆｕｎ
un wｗａｙｓ
aystｔｏoe
ｅｎｇａｇｅ
ngageｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
peop
le􀆳srｒｅｗａｒｄ－ｓｅｅｋｉｎｇ
ewa rd-seek
ing oｏｒrcｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｖｅ
ompe tit
ive
spirits.C
ｓｐｉｒｉｔｓ． racke rJ
Ｃｒａｃｋｅｒ acksh
Ｊａｃｋｓ asb
ｈａｓ een “ gamifying”i
ｂｅｅｎ＂ｇａｍｉｆｙｉｎｇ＂ｉｔｓtssnackf
ｓｎａｃｋ oodb
ｆｏｏｄ ｂｙ yp ut
ting
ｐｕｔｔｉｎｇ ａas ma
ｓｍａｌｌllpri
zei
ｐｒｉｚｅ nsidef
ｉｎｓｉｄｅ or
ｆｏｒ
mor
ｍｏｒｅ ethan1
ｔｈａｎ rs,ｈｅ
１００00ｙｅａｒｓ，
yea hea dds,andt
ａｄｄｓ，ａｎｄ het
ｔｈｅ urn-of-
the-centurys
ｔｕｒｎ－ｏｆ－ｔｈｅ－ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ tee
lma
ｓｔｅｅｌ gnate(巨 头 )Cha
rle
s
ｍａｇｎａｔｅ（巨头）Ｃｈａｒｌｅｓ
Ｓｃｈｗａｂ
Schwabｉｓiss
ｓａｉｄ
a
idtｔｏoh
ｈａｖｅ
aveoｏｆｔｅｎ
ftencｃｏｍｅ
omeｉｎｔｏ
i
ntohｈｉｓ
isfｆａｃｔｏｒｙ
actorya ａｎｄ
ndw ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ
ri
ttent ｔｈｅ
hen ｎｕｍｂｅｒ
umbe roｏｆft
ｔｏｎｓ
onsoｏｆfs
ｓｔｅｅｌ
teel
ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ
pr oduc ｏｎ nt
edo ｔｈｅheｐａｓｔ
pas ｓｈｉｆｔ
tshif
toｏｎnt
ｔｈｅ
hefｆａｃｔｏｒｙ
actoryfloor,t
ｆｌｏｏｒ， ｔｈｕｓ
husm ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇ
otivati
ngt ｔｈｅ
hen ｎｅｘｔ
extsｓｈｉｆｔ
h
ifto ｏｆ ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ
fw orkerst ｔｏ
o
ｂｅａｔ
beatｔｈｅ
thepｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓ
reviousoｏｎｅ．
ne.

E)Bu
Ｅ）Ｂｕｔ tthew
ｔｈｅ ord “gamifi
cation”an
ｗｏｒｄ＂ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ＂ａｎｄ dt
ｔｈｅ hewi despre
ad
ｗｉｄｅｓｐｒｅａｄ， ,consciou
ｃｏｎｓｃｉｏｕｓ sapp li
cationo
ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆfｔｈｅ
thec oncepto
ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔ nl
y
ｏｎｌｙ
begani
ｂｅｇａｎ ｉｎne
arnestab
ｅａｒｎｅｓｔ outf
ａｂｏｕｔ i
veye
ｆｉｖｅ ar
sago
ｙｅａｒｓ ,We rbachs
ａｇｏ，Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ ays.Thanksi
ｓａｙｓ．Ｔｈａｎｋｓ np
ｉｎ artt
ｐａｒｔ ov
ｔｏ iｖｉｄｅｏ
deoga me s,the
ｇａｍｅｓ，ｔｈｅ
generat
ionn
ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ owe
ｎｏｗ nter
ingｔｈｅ
ｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ t
hew orkforc
ｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｃｅei
ｉｓsespecial
lyo
ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ pent
ｏｐｅｎ ot
ｔｏ hei
ｔｈｅ deao
ｉｄｅａ fh
ｏｆ avingt
ｈａｖｉｎｇ hei
rwo
ｔｈｅｉｒ rk
ｗｏｒｋ
gamif
ied.“Wea
ｇａｍｉｆｉｅｄ．＂Ｗｅ ａｒｅrea
ａｔta po
intw
ａ ｐｏｉｎｔ her
ｗｈｅｒｅei
ｉｎnｍｕｃｈ
muchoｏｆfthed
ｔｈｅ eve
lopedｗｏｒｌｄ
ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ worl
dt hev
ｔｈｅ ast ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ
ｖａｓｔ majori
tyo f
ｏｆ
youngp
ｙｏｕｎｇ eopl
eｇｒｅｗ
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ r
gewｕｐ
upp l
ayingｖｉｄｅｏ
ｐｌａｙｉｎｇ v
ideog ame s,anda
ｇａｍｅｓ，ａｎｄ ａｎ nincreasingl
ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙ h
ighｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅ
yｈｉｇｈ pe
rcentageoｏｆfadul
ts
ａｄｕｌｔｓ
ｐｌａｙ
l
paytｔｈｅｓｅ
hesevｖｉｄｅｏ
ideogaｇａｍｅｓ
mest oo,”We
ｔｏｏ，＂Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ
rbachsｓａｙｓ．
ays.

F)An
Ｆ）Ａ umbe
ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ro
ｏｆ fcompan i
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓeshaves
ｈａｖｅ ｓｐｒｕｎｇ up—GamEf ve,
prungｕｐ—ＧａｍＥｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ，
fe
cti Bunchba l
la
Ｂｕｎｃｈｂａｌｌ ndB
ａｎｄ adgev
ile,t
l ona
Ｂａｄｇｅｖｉｌｌｅ，ｔｏ me
ｎａｍｅ
ａafew—i
ｆｅｗ—ｉｎnr ecen
ｒｅｃｅｎｔtｙｅａｒｓ
ye a
rso fferingg
ｏｆｆｅｒｉｎｇ amificat
ionp
ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ latformsf
ｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍｓ orb
ｆｏｒ usinesses.TＴｈｅ
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓ． heplatformst
ｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍｓ hata
ｔｈａｔ re
ａｒｅ
mos
ｍｏｓｔ te f
fectivet
ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ urne
ｔｕｒｎ mp l
oye es
􀆳o rdinar
ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ＇ｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙ ｊｏｂobt
yj asksi
ｔａｓｋｓ nt
oｐａｒｔ
ｉｎｔｏ par
toｏｆfar icha
ａ ｒｉｃｈ dventuren
ａｄｖｅｎｔｕｒｅ arrative.
ｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅ．
“Wha
＂Ｗｈａｔ ｍａｋｅｓ
t make ａ ｇａｍｅ
sa gamｇａｍｅ－ｌｉｋｅ
e game - l
i ｉｓ st
kei ｔｈａｔ
ha ｔｈｅheｐｌａｙｅｒ
tt pl
ayeraａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
ctual
lyc ｃａｒｅｓ
aresabａｂｏｕｔ
ou tt ｔｈｅ
he ou tcome,”
ｏｕｔｃｏｍｅ，＂
Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ
Werbachs ays.“
ｓａｙｓ．＂Ｔｈｅ
Thｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ
epri ncipl ｉｓsa
ei ａｂｏｕｔ
bou ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ
tu nde rstandingｗｈａｔ
wha ｉｓsｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇ
ti moti
va t
ingtｔｏotｔｈｉｓ
h
isg ｇｒｏｕｐ
r ｏｆ
oup o
f
players,ｗｈｉｃｈ
ｐｌａｙｅｒｓ， whichrｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓ
equir
ess ｓｏｍｅ
omeu ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇ
nder st
and ingo ｏｆ sychology.”
fpｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ．＂

G)Som
Ｇ）Ｓｏｍｅ epeop le,We
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ，Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈrbachs
ｓａｙｓ， ays,ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｄ
ａｒｅ aremo tivat
ｂｙedb ycompe tit
ｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ．ion.Sa
Ｓａｌｅｓlespeop
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ l
eo ft
ｏｆｔｅｎenfal
ｆａｌｌlｉｎｔｏ
intothis
ｔｈｉｓ
ｃａｔｅｇｏｒｙ．
cat
ego ry.Ｆｏｒ
Forｔｈｅｍ，
t ,t
hemｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ
her igh ｋｉｎｄ
tki ｏｆfｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
ndo gamificat
ionｍｉｇｈｔ
migh ｂｅeｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ
tb turningｔｈｅｉｒ
thei
rsｓａｌｅｓ
alespｐｉｔｃｈｅｓ
i
tche siｉｎｔｏ
nto
ａacｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ
ompe titi
onw ｗｉｔｈ
ithoｏｔｈｅｒ
therteｔｅａｍ
am m embe rs,
ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ， ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅ
comp let ｗｉｔｈ
ew it ａ ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
had igitalleｌｅａｄｅｒｂｏａｒｄ
aderboardshｓｈｏｗｉｎｇ
owing whｗｈｏ
o
ｉｓ
i
sw ｗｉｎｎｉｎｇ
inningａｔ
ataａｌｌ
lltｔｉｍｅｓ．
imes.O Ｏｔｈｅｒｓ
thersaａｒｅ
rem ｍｏｒｅ
oremｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｄ
oti
vatedbｂｙyｃｏｌｌａｂｏｒａｔｉｏｎ
col
laborationa ａｎｄ
ndsｓｏｃｉａｌ
ocialeｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ．
xperiences.
Onec
Ｏｎｅ ompany
ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ Werba
Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ chha
ｈａｓ ss tudi
ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄedu s
ｕｓｅｓesgamificat
iont
ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｔｏocre
ateas
ｃｒｅａｔｅ ａenseo
ｓｅｎｓｅ fc
ｏｆ oｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ
mmun i
tya nd
ａｎｄ
boos
ｂｏｏｓｔte mployees􀆳mo rae(士气).Whene
l
ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ＇ｍｏｒａｌｅ（士气）．Ｗｈｅｎ mploye
ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ e
sl
ｌｏｇog
ｉｎint
ｔｏotheirc
ｔｈｅｉｒ ompu t
ers,t
ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓ， hey􀆳r
esh
ｔｈｅｙ＇ｒｅ own
ｓｈｏｗｎ
ａaｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ
pictureoｏｆfoｏｎｅ
neoｏｆfth
ｔｈｅｉｒ
eircoｃｏｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ
workersa ａｎｄ
nda ａｓｋｅｄ
skedt ｔｏ
og ｇｕｅｓｓ
uesst ｔｈａｔ
hatpeｐｅｒｓｏｎ＇ｓ
rson􀆳snaｎａｍｅ．
me.
2016-12 四级试题(第 3 套)
２０１６－１２四级试题（第３套） ·
● ５·
5
 H)Gami ficat
iond
Ｈ）Ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ oe
ｄｏｅｓ sn
ｎｏｔothavet
ｈａｖｅ ｔｏob
ｂｅ edigi
tal.M
ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ． onica Ｃｏｒｎｅｔｔｉ
Ｍｏｎｉｃａ Cornett
ir unsac
ｒｕｎｓ ompanyｔｈａｔ
ａ ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ t
hatgamifi
es
ｇａｍｉｆｉｅｓ
ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅ
employe ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇｓ．
etrainings.Ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ
Some t
ime ｔｈｉｓ
st hiｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｓ
sinvolve t
echno logy,
sｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ， ｂｕｔ
bu ｏｆｔｅｎ
toftenｉｔ
itdｄｏｅｓ
oesnｎｏｔ．
ot. Ｓｈｅ
Sherｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ
ecently
des
igneda
ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ gami f
ications
ａ ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ t
rategyf
ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ oras
ｆｏｒ ａalest
ｓａｌｅｓrain
i ngcom
ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ pany w
ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ ithas
ｗｉｔｈ ａtorm-chasingt
ｓｔｏｒｍ－ｃｈａｓｉｎｇ heme.
ｔｈｅｍｅ．
Emp loye
Ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓesf ormed “ s
t
ｆｏｒｍｅｄ＂ｓｔｏｒｍo
rm chas
ｃｈａｓｅｒe ams”
rｔｅａｍｓ＂
te and
ａｎｄ compet
ｃｏｍｐｅｔｅｄedｉｎinｓｔｏｒｍ－ｔｈｅｍｅｄ
storm-t
hemedｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ
educ a
tional
ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅｓ
exer
cisest ｔｏ
oe ｅａｒｎ
arn v ｖａｒｉｏｕｓ
a
riousr e wards.“R
ｒｅｗａｒｄｓ． ＂Ｒｅｗａｒｄｓ
ewa rds dｄｏo n
ｎｏｔ
othｈａｖｅ
avetｔｏo b
ｂｅes tuff,”Co
ｓｔｕｆｆ，＂Ｃｏｒｎｅｔｔｉ
rnett
is ｓａｙｓ．
ays.
“
＂Ｒｅｗａｒｄｓ
Rewa ｃａｎanb
rdsc ｂｅ eｆｌｅｘｉｂｌｅ
flexibl
ewｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
o
rk i hour
s. ”Ano
ngｈｏｕｒｓ．＂Ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ
the rtrainng,
ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ，
i ｔｈｉｓ
t
h i
so ｏｎｅ
nefｆｏｒ
orpｐａｙ
ayr ｒｏｌｌ
ol
llaw ,us
ｌａｗ，ｕｓｅｄ
ed
ａaS
Ｓｎｏｗ
nowＷｈｉｔｅ
Wh i
t ａｎｄndt
ea ｔｈｅheS
Ｓｅｖｅｎ Ｄｗａｒｆｓ
evenD warfsｔｈｅｍｅ．＂Ｓｎｏｗ
theme.“ SnowＷｈｉｔｅ＂ｉｓ
Wh ie”i
t ａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ
savail
abl ｆｏｒ
efo
reｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅ
veryonetｔｏouｕｓｅ，
se,
ｂｕｔ
butthe “ dwarfs”a
ｔｈｅ＂ｄｗａｒｆｓ＂ａｒｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ
res t
ilｕｎｄｅｒ
lu nderc opyr
ight,
ｃｏｐｙｒｉｇｈｔ， ｓｏsoＣｏｒｎｅｔｔｉ
Cornet
t ｉｎｖｅｎｔｅｄ
iinven t
edsｓｏｕｎｄ－ａｌｉｋｅ
ound-a
likecｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓ
haract
ers
(Grump
（Ｇｒｕｍｐｙ y Gus,Do
Ｇｕｓ，Ｄｏｐｅｙ peyD
Ｄａｎ） )t
ｔｏanｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ
oillust
r a
tespe ci
f
ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ i
c pay
ｐａｙ rol
ｒｏｌｌ llawｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ．
ｌａｗ pr
inciples.

I)Somｐｅｏｐｌｅ
Ｉ）Ｓｏｍｅ epeopl
ed
ｄｏ on
ｎｏｔottaken
ｔａｋｅ atural
l t
og
yｔｏ
ｎａｔｕｒａｌｌｙ amifi
ed w
ｇａｍｉｆｉｅｄ orke
ｗｏｒｋ nvi
ronmen ts,Co rnett
is
ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓ，Ｃｏｒｎｅｔｔｉ ays.
ｓａｙｓ． I
nh
Ｉｎ er
ｈｅｒ
expe r
i e,peop
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ，ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
enc lｉｎinｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ
e posi
tionsoｏｆfpｐｏｗｅｒ
owe ｏｒrｐｅｏｐｌｅ
ro peop eｉｎ
l i
nfｆｉｎａｎｃｅ
i nanceoｏｒreｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ
ngineeringd ｄｏ
on ｎｏｔ
ottｔｅｎｄ
endt ｔｏ
o
liket
ｌｉｋｅ hes
ｔｈｅ oundo
ｓｏｕｎｄ ft
ｏｆ he w
ｔｈｅ ord.“
ｗｏｒｄ．＂ＩｆI
fw ｗｅea r
ed
ａｒｅ es
igningf
ｄｅｓｉｇｎｉｎｇ ore
ｆｏｒ ngineer s,I􀆳m ｎｏｔ
ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｓ，Ｉ＇ｍ nott alkinga
ｔａｌｋｉｎｇ bouta
ａｂｏｕｔ ａ
‘game’a
＂ｇａｍｅ＇ａｔ tall,”Cornett
is
ａｌｌ，＂Ｃｏｒｎｅｔｔｉ ays.“I􀆳mt
ｓａｙｓ．＂Ｉ＇ｍ alkinga
ｔａｌｋｉｎｇ bouta
ａｂｏｕｔ ‘
simu lat
ion’(模 拟),I
􀆳mt
ａ＇ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ＇（模拟），Ｉ＇ｍ alkinga
ｔａｌｋｉｎｇ bout
ａｂｏｕｔ
‘
ｂｅｉｎｇ
beingａｂｌｅ
ableｔｏ
tosｓｏｌｖｅ
olvetｔｈｉｓ
hispr obl
em. ’”
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ．＇＂
J)Gami fica
tioni
Ｊ）Ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ s“ no
ｉｓ＂ｎｏｔ ta mag
ａ ｍａｇｉｃicbullt,”We
e rba
ｂｕｌｌｅｔ，＂Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ ch wa
rns
ｗａｒｎｓ． Ａ.ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
A gami f
icat
ions trat
egyｔｈａｔ
ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ t
hatisn
ｉｓ ot
ｎｏｔ
ｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｌｙ
suffici
entlyt ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ
hough ttｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
hrougho ｏｒrw
ｗｅｌｌ
el
ltｔａｉｌｏｒｅｄ
ai
loredt ｔｏoit
ｉｔｓ
sp ｐｌａｙｅｒｓ
layersm ｍａｙ
ayeｅｎｇａｇｅ
ngageｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopl ｆｏｒoral
ef ａ ｌｉｔｔｌｅ
it
tle
while,
ｗｈｉｌｅ， bu
ｂｕｔ t
ｉｔi
tw i
lln
ｗｉｌｌ otm
ｎｏｔ ot
ivateｐｅｏｐｌｅ
ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅ peopleｉｎ
inｔｈｅ
t
hel ongｔｅｒｍ．
ｌｏｎｇ t
erm. Itc
Ｉｔ ana
ｃａｎ lsob
ａｌｓｏ ｂｅeexploitatve,e
i
ｅｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｖｅ， special
l
ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ
y
whenu
ｗｈｅｎ sedｗｉｔｈ
ｕｓｅｄ withｖｕｌｎｅｒａｂｌｅ
vul
nerablep opula
tions.Fo rw
ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｆｏｒ orkers,e spe
cial
lyl
ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ，ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ ow-pai s,wｗｈｏ
d wｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ，
ｌｏｗ－ｐａｉｄ o
rker ho
desperate
l ne
edｔｈｅｉｒ
yｎｅｅｄ
ｄｅｓｐｅｒａｔｅｌｙ t
heirjobsy
ｊｏｂｓ etk
ｙｅｔ nowt
ｋｎｏｗ heyc
ｔｈｅｙ anb
ｃａｎ ｂｅeeas
ilyr
ｅａｓｉｌｙ eplaced,ga
ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄ， mificat
ionmｍａｙ
ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ayf
e elmｍｏｒｅ
ｆｅｅｌ o
re
liket
ｌｉｋｅ he H
ｔｈｅ ungerＧａｍｅｓ．
Ｈｕｎｇｅｒ Games.W erba
ch
Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ ive
ｇｉｖｅｓ
g sｔｈｅ
theｅｘａｍｐｌｅ
examp le
ｏｆofｓｅｖｅｒａｌ
severalＤｉｓｎｅｙｌａｎｄ
Di
sneyland ｈｏｔｅｌｓ
hotel
si n
ｉｎ
Anaheim,Ca l
iforn
ia,
Ａｎａｈｅｉｍ，Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ， whi
ｗｈｉｃｈch us
ｕｓｅｄ edlarge
ｌａｒｇｅ di i
ta
ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
g lleaderboardst
ｌｅａｄｅｒｂｏａｒｄｓ ｔｏoｄｉｓｐｌａｙ
disp
layｈｏｗ
howｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｌｙ
e
ffi
cientl
y
ｌａｕｎｄｒｙ
laundry ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ
workerswｗｅｒｅ
erewｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
orkingcｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ
ompa r
edtｔｏoo
ｏｎｅ
neaａｎｏｔｈｅｒ．
nother.SＳｏｍｅ
omee ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
mployeesfｆｏｕｎｄ
oundt ｔｈｅ
heb ｂｏａｒｄ
oard
ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇ．
mo t
iva t
ing. ＴｏTooｏｔｈｅｒｓ，
the rs,ｉｔitw
ｗａｓastｔｈｅ
heoｏｐｐｏｓｉｔｅ
ppo s
iteo ｏｆ
ff ｆｕｎ．
un. So Ｓｏｍｅ
meb ｂｅｇａｎ
egantｔｏosｓｔｏｐ
topt ｔａｋｉｎｇ
akingb ｂａｔｈｒｏｏｍ
athroom b r eaks,
ｂｒｅａｋｓ，
ｗｏｒｒｉｅｄ
worri
e dｔｈａｔ
tha tiｉｆfthｔｈｅｉｒ
eirp ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ
rodu ct
iv ityfelｆｅｌｌ
lthe ｔｈｅｙ
y wouｗｏｕｌｄ
ldb efｂｅireｆｉｒｅｄ．
d. PregＰｒｅｇｎａｎｔ
nantemp ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
loyee ss ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅｄ
t
rugg l
edt ｔｏ e
ok ｋｅｅｐ
ep
ｕｐ．
up.Ｉｎ
Ina ａLＬｏｓ
osA Ａｎｇｅｌｅｓ
nge lesTＴｉｍｅｓ
ime s article,onee
ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ，ｏｎｅ ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅ
mp l
oye ｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄ
er ef
e r
r ｔｏot
edt ｔｈｅheb
ｂｏａｒｄ
oardaａｓsa “
ａ ＂ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
digitalw h
ip. ”
ｗｈｉｐ．＂
“
＂Ｉｔ
Itaａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
c
tuallyhaｈａｄ
davａe
ｖｅｒｙ
ryneｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ
gat
ivee fｅｆｆｅｃｔ
f
ectonｏｎmo
rｍｏｒａｌｅ
al
eand ａｎｄ
pe r
formanc e,”We
ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ，＂Ｗｅｒｂａｃｈ
rbachsｓａｙｓ．
ays.

K)S ti
ll,gami f
icati
ono
Ｋ）Ｓｔｉｌｌ，ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ nlys
ｏｎｌｙ tandst
ｓｔａｎｄｓ obe
ｔｏ comem
ｂｅｃｏｍｅ orep
ｍｏｒｅ opul
ar,h
ｐｏｐｕｌａｒ， es
ｈｅ ays,“asm
ｓａｙｓ，＂ａｓ orea
ｍｏｒｅ ndm
ａｎｄ orep
ｍｏｒｅ eople
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
ｃｏｍｅ
come ｉｎｔｏ
int ｔｈｅheｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｃｅ
ot workforc ｗｈｏ
e ａｒｅref
whoa ｆａｍｉｌｉａｒ
amil
ia ｗｉｔｈ
r wi
t ｔｈｅhes
ht ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ
tructure ａｎｄnde
sa ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｓ
xpressi
onsoｏｆfd
ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ
igita
l
ｇａｍｅｓ．＂＂Ｗｅ
games. ”“Wａｒｅearｆａｒ
efaｆｒｏｍ
rfr ｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇ
omr eachingｔｈｅtheｐｅａｋ，＂Ｃｏｒｎｅｔｔｉ
peak,”Co rnet ａｇｒｅｅｓ．＂Ｔｈｅｒｅ
t
i ag
rees.“ The ｉｓeisn
r ｎｏoｒｅａｓｏｎ
reasonｔｈｉｓ
thiswｗｉｌｌ
il
l
ｇｏ ａｗａｙ．＂
”
goaway.
３６．
36. Ｓｏｍｅ
Some ｆａｍｏｕｓ
f ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ
amousc ompan iａｒｅ
e
sa rａｌｒｅａｄｙ
ealreadyｕｓｉｎｇ
usi ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
ngg amificat
ionaａｎｄ
ndmｍｏｒｅ
or ａｒｅreｔｒｙｉｎｇ
ea tryingtｔｏod
ｄｏotｔｈｅ
hes ｓａｍｅ．
ame.

３７．Ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
37.Gami ficat
ionｉｓisn
ｎｏｔotam
ａ ｍｉｒａｃｌｅ
iracl ｃｕｒｅ
ec ureｆｏｒ
foraａｌｌ
llwｗｏｒｋｐｌａｃｅｓ
orkplacesaａｓsi
ｉｔ
tm ｍａｙ
ayhｈａｖｅ
avenｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ
egativerｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ．
esults.

３８．
38.Ｔｏ
Toeｅｎｈａｎｃｅ
nhanc em orale,onec
ｍｏｒａｌｅ，ｏｎｅ ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ
ompan ａｓｋｓ
yaskｉｔｓ
sit ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅｓ
semp loyeeｔｏtoｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ
s i
den t
ifytｔｈｅｉｒ
heirf ｆｅｌｌｏｗ
e
llow woｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ
rkerswhｗｈｅｎ
en
s
tartingt
ｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇ heirco
ｔｈｅｉｒ mpu ter
s.
ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓ．
３９．Ｔｈｅ
39.Theｉｄｅａ
i de ｏｆfｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
ao gamifica
tionw ｗａｓasｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｄ
practi
cedb ｂｙysｓｏｍｅ
omeb ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓ
usi
ness e
sm ｍｏｒｅ
oret ｔｈａｎ ａ ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ
hanac en turyaａｇｏ．
go.

４０．Ｔｈｅｒｅ
40.The ｉｓeisr
r ｒｅａｓｏｎ
ea ｔｏ ob
sont ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ
elieveｔｈａｔ
t tｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
ha gamificat
i onwｗｉｌｌ
i
llb ｂｅeh
ｈｅｒｅ
eretｔｏosｓｔａｙ．
tay.
・６・
·6· 2016 -
12 四级试题(第３3套）
２０１６－１２四级试题（第 套)
４１．
41. Ｖｉｄｅｏ
Vi deoｇａｍｅｓ
game ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ
scontributedｉｎins
ｓｏｍｅ
omewｗａｙｓays
ｔｏtot
ｔｈｅhew
ｗｉｄｅidea
ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
pp l
icati
onoｏｆfｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．
gami f
ication.

４２．
42.WhＷｈｅｎenｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ
turnng ｗｏｒｋ
i wo rkｉｎｔｏ
int oａ game,ｉｔ
a ｇａｍｅ， itiｉｓs n
ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙ
ece ss
aryt ｔｏun
o ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ
der st
and wh ｗｈａｔ
at mｍａｋｅｓ
ake ｇａｍｅｓ
s games
ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ．
i
nteresti
ng.

４３．Ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
43.Gami fi
cationｉｎ
ineｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｅ
mployeeｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ
tra
iningd ｄｏｅｓ
oesnｎｏｔ
otaａｌｗａｙｓ
lwaysn ｎｅｅｄ
eedt ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．
echno l
ogy.

４４．Ｔｈｅ
44.The ｍｏｓｔ
mosｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ
t successfuｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ
l gamif
icat
i on ｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍｓ
p l
atf
o rms tｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍ
rans f
o rm d ｄａｉｌｙ
ai
ly wｗｏｒｋ
rk ａｓｓｉｇｎｍｅｎｔｓ
o ass
ignmen tsiｉｎｔｏ
nto
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ．
experi
ence s.

４５．
45.Ｉｔ
Itiｉｓ
snｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙ
e
cessaryt ｔｏ s
ou ｕｓｅ
et eｔｅｒｍｓ
rmso ｏｔｈｅｒ
t
hert han “
gami f
ication”f
ｔｈａｎ＂ｇａｍｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ＂ｆｏｒ
orsｓｏｍｅ
omep ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎｓ．
rofessi
ons.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Se
ctonCＣ
i
Di
rections:The
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｔｈｅｒｅ
r ａｒｅre2
ea ２ ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ
passage ｉｎinｔｈｉｓ
s thissｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ．
ection. EＥａｃｈ
achp ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
assagei ｉｓfoｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ
s llowedby ｂｙsoｓｏｍｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
meque sti
onso ｏｒ
r
unfinisheds
ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ t
atemen ts.Fore
ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ．Ｆｏｒ acho
ｅａｃｈ ft
ｏｆ hemt
ｔｈｅｍ her
ear
ｔｈｅｒｅ efou
ａｒｅ rcho
ｆｏｕｒ i
cesmark
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ edA)
ｍａｒｋｅｄ ,B ),C)
Ａ），Ｂ），Ｃ）
ａｎｄ
andD ).
Ｄ）．Ｙｏｕ
Yoｓｈｏｕｌｄ
us hou ｄｅｃｉｄｅ
lddecidｏｎ ｔｈｅheb
eont ｂｅｓｔ
estｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceaａｎｄ
nd ｍａｒｋ
marktｔｈｅ
hecｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
orre
spondi nglｌｅｔｔｅｒ
e
tteronｏｎ
Answe
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ rShee
Ｓｈｅｅｔ t
２2w
ｗｉｔｈ
it ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
has ingl eｌｉｎｅ
linetｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
hr oughtｔｈｅ
hecｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
ent
re.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
Pa
ssageOＯｎｅ
ne
Question
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓs4
４６6t
ｔｏo5
５０0areb
ａｒｅ asedo
ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎnthef
ｔｈｅ o
llowingp
ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ as
sa e.
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
g
Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ
Recent
lyＩIa
ａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄ
tt
endeds ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ
eve
ralm ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓ
eet
ingsw ｗｈｅｒｅ
herewｗｅet
ｔａｌｋｅｄ
al
keda ａｂｏｕｔ
boutwｗａｙｓ
aystｔｏor
ｒｅｔａｉｎ
et
ains ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
tudentsanａｎｄ
d
ｋｅｅｐ
ke ｙｏｕｎｇｅｒ
epyounge rｆａｃｕｌｔｙ
facult
ym ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓ
embe r
sfｆｒｏｍ
romｇｏｉｎｇ
go
ingeｅｌｓｅｗｈｅｒｅ．
l
sewhe re.
Its
Ｉｔ eemsh
ｓｅｅｍｓ ighere
ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ducationh
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ asb
ｈａｓ ecomea
ｂｅｃｏｍｅ ａｎnindus t
r
ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ o
fm
yｏｆ eet
ing-holdersw
ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ－ｈｏｌｄｅｒｓ hos
ｗｈｏｓｅet aski
ｔａｓｋ ｉｔtist
ｉｓ o
ｔｏ
“
solve”pr ob ems—r
＂ｓｏｌｖｅ＂ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ—ｒｅａｌ
l ea ｏｒri
lo ｉｍａｇｉｎｅｄ．
mag ined.AＡｎｄndi
ｉｎ nｍｙmｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ
y positi
onａｓasa
ａ ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ
prof e
sso ａｔtt
ra ｔｈｒｅｅ
hreeｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
differ
en t
ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｓ，
col
legest,ｔｈｅ
heaａｃｔｕａｌ
ctualpｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ
roblemsi ｉｎneｅｄｕｃａｔｉｎｇ
ducatingo ｏｕｒ
uryｙｏｕｎｇ
oungpｐｅｏｐｌｅ
eopleaａｎｄ
ndo ｏｌｄｅｒ
lders ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
tudentshaｈａｖｅ
vede epened,
ｄｅｅｐｅｎｅｄ，
ｗｈｉｌｅ
whi
letｔｈｅ
he ｎｕｍｂｅｒ
numbe rｏｆo
fｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopl hied—no
eｈｉｒｅｄ—ｎｏｔ
r tｔｏ
oｔｅａｃｈ
t t
each ｂｕｔ
butｔｏ
oｈｏｌｄ
t hol meetings—ha
dｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓ—ｈａｓ
sｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ
i
ncreas
ed
signif
icantly.Eve ryn
ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ．Ｅｖｅｒｙ ewｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ
ｎｅｗ pr
oblemc reat
esan
ｃｒｅａｔｅｓ ewｊｏｂ
ａ ｎｅｗ obf
j ora
ｆｏｒ na
ａｎ dmi nist
rativef
ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅ i
xer.Takeoｏｕｒ
ｆｉｘｅｒ．Ｔａｋｅ urCＣｅｎｔｅｒ
enter
forT
ｆｏｒ eaching
Ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ Exc e
llence.
Ｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｃｅ． Con t
rar
Ｃｏｎｔｒａｒｙ ｔｏto
y it
ｉｔｓ te,t
sｔｉｔｌｅ，ｔｈｅ
t
i l hec enteri
ｃｅｎｔｅｒ s
ｉｓac
ａl
earinghou
ｃｌｅａｒｉｎｇ se(信息交流中心)f or
ｈｏｕｓｅ（信息交流中心）ｆｏｒ
usingｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ
ｕｓｉｎｇ t
echno l
ogyｉｎ
i
nc lassroomsa
ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍｓ ａｎｄndｉｎ
ino nl
inec
ｏｎｌｉｎｅ ourses.
ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ． I
t􀆳sana
Ｉｔ＇ｓ ａｎ dmi ni
stratives
ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅ ham (欺诈)o
ft
ｓｈａｍ（欺诈）ｏｆ he
ｔｈｅ
ｋｉｎｄ
kindtｔｈａｔ
ha ｈａｓasm
th ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｉｅｄ
ultipl
iedoｏｖｅｒ
verｔｈｅ
t
helｌａｓｔ
ast3３０0yｙｅａｒｓ．
ears.
ＩIｏｆｆｅｒ
o
f f
era ａ ｓｉｍｐｌｅ
simp e ｐｒｏｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ
l proposi
tion iｉｎ re
n sponse: M
ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ： Ｍａｎｙ
any ｏｆ
ofｏｕｒ pr
oblems—c
ourｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ—ｃｌａｓｓ
las att
endance,
s ａｔｔｅｎｄａｎｃｅ，
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ
educ at
ionals uccess,s
ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ， ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
tudenth ｈａｐｐｉｎｅｓｓ
appinessanａｎｄ
dw ell-be
ing—mi
ｗｅｌｌ－ｂｅｉｎｇ—ｍｉｇｈｔ
ghtb ｂｅ
eimｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄ
provedb ｂｙycｃｕｔｔｉｎｇ
uttingdoｄｏｗｎ
wnt ｔｈｅ
he
bureauc rat
ic(官僚的)me chanismsa
ｂｕｒｅａｕｃｒａｔｉｃ（官僚的）ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｓ ａｎｄndm eeting
ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓ sand
ａｎｄ insteadh
ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ iri
ngａｎ
ｈｉｒｉｎｇ anarmyｏｆ
ａｒｍｙ ofｇｏｏｄ
goodｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ．
t
eachers. I
f
Ｉｆ
ｗｅwer
ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄ
eplac ｈａｌｆ
edh al
foｏｆfo
ｏｕｒ
uraａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅ
dmi n
istrati
ves ｓｔａｆｆ
taffwiｗｉｔｈ
thc ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ
l
assroomt ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ，
eachers,w ｗｅe m
ｍｉｇｈｔ
ightaａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
ctual
lyg ｇｅｔ
eta ａ
ma ori
t
ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ
j o
fo
yｏｆ urc
ｏｕｒ l
assesb
ｃｌａｓｓｅｓ ackt
ｂａｃｋ o20o
ｔｏ ２０ r
ｏｒfeｆｅｗｅｒ
wers t
uden tspe
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ rt
ｐｅｒeacher.Th
ｔｅａｃｈｅｒ． iswo
Ｔｈｉｓ uldbea
ｗｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ne
ａｎnｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ
vironmen t
inw
ｉｎ hicht
ｗｈｉｃｈ eachersa
ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ nds
ａｎｄ tudentsa
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ctual
lykｋｎｅｗ
ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ newe acho
ｅａｃｈ ther.
ｏｔｈｅｒ．
Ｔｈｅ
Theｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ
t
eachersmｍｕｓｔ
us ｂｅef
tb ｆｒｅｅ
reetｔｏotｔｅａｃｈ
eachiｉｎ
nt ｔｈｅｉｒ
heirowｏｗｎn wｗａｙ—ｔｈｅ
ay—thecｃｕｒｒｉｃｕｌｕｍ
urri
culum ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shou
ldbｂｅef
ｆｌｅｘｉｂｌｅ
lex
ible
enoughs
ｅｎｏｕｇｈ ｓｏoｔｈａｔ
t hatt hey
ｔｈｅｙ can
ｃａｎ ｕｓｅuset he
ｔｈｅｉｒ iri ndivi
dua
ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ lt alen t
ｔａｌｅｎｔｓst ｔｏo achievet
ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ he g
ｔｈｅ oal
so
ｇｏａｌｓ ｏｆft he c
ｔｈｅ ourse.
ｃｏｕｒｓｅ．
Ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ，
Additiona l
lyt,ｔｈｅｙ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
heyshou l ｂｅ
dbea ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
l
lowedt ｔｏ
otea ,
ｔｅａｃｈ，ａｎｄ
ch andberｂｅ ｒｅｗａｒｄｅｄ
ewa ｆｏｒ
rdedf o ｄｏｉｎｇ
rdo ingiｉｔ ｗｅｌｌ．
twe l l.TeＴｅａｃｈｅｒｓ
a
che r
sa ａｒｅ
re
ｎｏｔ
notｐｅｏｐｌｅ
eo
p p lewｗｈｏ
hoaａｒｅ
re ｇｒｅａｔ
greata ａｔ
ta ａｎｄ
n dc ｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｄ
o nsu medbｂｙyｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
researcha ａｎｄ
n dhｈａｐｐｅｎ
appe ntｔｏ ａｐｐｅａｒ
oa pp ea
ri ｉｎ
nacａ ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ．
las
sroo m.
Goodt
Ｇｏｏｄ e achi
ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇngａｎｄ
andr es
ea rcha
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ren
ａｒｅ ote
ｎｏｔ xcl
usi ve,bu
ｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｖｅ，ｂｕｔ tt heyａｒｅ
ｔｈｅｙ area lson
ａｌｓｏ ota
ｎｏｔ utoma ti
ａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃcc ompan ions.
ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｏｎｓ．
Te aching
Ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ i
sa
ｉｓ ａｎnarta
ａｒｔ ndac
ａｎｄ rat,t
f alenta
ａ ｃｒａｆｔ，ｔａｌｅｎｔ ndp
ａｎｄ racti
ce;i
ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ； t
ｉｔisn
ｉｓ o
tso
ｎｏｔ methingt
ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ hatj
ｔｈａｔ ustan
ｊｕｓｔ yonec
ａｎｙｏｎｅ anb
ｃａｎ e
ｂｅ
ｇｏｏｄ
goodaａｔ．t.I
Ｉｔtiｉｓ
su ｕｔｔｅｒｌｙ
tterlycoｃｏｎｆｕｓｉｎｇ
nfusingt ｔｏ mｍｅet
o ｔｈａｔ
hatpｐｅｏｐｌｅ
eopledｄｏon
ｎｏｔotr
ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅ
ecognizet his,d
ｔｈｉｓ， ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ
espitetｔｈｅ
hefｆａｃｔ
ac
tt ｔｈａｔ
hat
2016 -12四级试题（第３
２０１６－１２ 四级试题(第 3套）
套) ・７．
·7·
ｐｒｅｔｔｙ
pret
tyｍｕｃｈ ａｎｙｏｎｅ
mucha ｗｈｏ hｈａｓ
nyonew oha ｂｅｅｎ
sbe ａnas
e ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
tudenｃａｎ
tc ｔｅｌｌellｔｈｅ
ant thedｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ
if
ferenceb ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ
etwe entｔｈｅｉｒ
he
irbｂｅｓｔ
e
stanａｎｄ
dwｗｏｒｓｔ
o
rst
ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ．
teachers.
４６．
46. Ｗｈａｔ
Wha ｄｏｅｓ
tdoe ｔｈｅ
st ａｕｔｈｏｒ
hea utho ｓａｙayａｂｏｕｔ
rs abou tｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ－ｄａｙ
present
- uni
versit
ies?
dayｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ？
A)The
Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ ya
ａｒｅree f
fective
l t
ackli
ngr
yｔａｃｋｌｉｎｇ
ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ealo
ｒｅａｌ r
ｏｒimaginedpr
ｉｍａｇｉｎｅｄ oblems.
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．
B)
Ｂ） They
Ｔｈｅｙ of t
ｏｆｔｅｎenf ai
ｆａｉｌltoc
ｔｏ omb inet
ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅ eachingｗｉｔｈ
ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ withr esearch.
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ．
Ｃ）C)They
Ｔｈｅｙ ar
ａｒｅ eo ver-burdenedw
ｏｖｅｒ－ｂｕｒｄｅｎｅｄ i
ｗｉｔｈtha dmin i
strat
ives
ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅ taff.
ｓｔａｆｆ．
D)
Ｄ） They
Ｔｈｅｙ la
ｌａｃｋckt alen
ｔａｌｅｎｔtｔｏ
t of i
xt
ｆｉｘ heirde
ｔｈｅｉｒ epeningpr
ｄｅｅｐｅｎｉｎｇ oblems.
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．
４７．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
47.Ac cordingｔｏtot
ｔｈｅheautho r,wha
ａｕｔｈｏｒ，ｗｈａｔ ｋｉｎｄindo
tk ｏｆ fｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopl ｄｏou
ed ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ
nive
rsit
iesl ｌａｃｋ
a t?
ck mｍｏｓｔ？
os
A)
Ａ） Goodc
Ｇｏｏｄ lassroomt
ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ eachers.
ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ． C)Ta len
tedr
Ｃ）Ｔａｌｅｎｔｅｄ ese
archers.
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ．
B)Ef f
icien
Ｂ）Ｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔtadmi ni
strators.
ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｏｒｓ． D)
Ｄ） Mo t
ivateds
Ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｅｄ tudents.
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ．
４８．
48.Ｗｈａｔ
Wha ｄｏｅｓoesｔｈｅ
td t ａｕｔｈｏｒ
hea uthorｉｍｐｌｙ
imp lyａｂｏｕｔ
abou ｔｈｅ
tt ｃｌａｓｓｅｓ
heclassesaａｔtpｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ？
resent?
A)
Ａ） They
Ｔｈｅｙ faci
lita
tes
ｆａｃｉｌｉｔａｔｅ tudents􀆳i ndependentl
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ＇ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ earning.
ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ．
B)The
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ yhe
ｈｅｌｐlp studen
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓts fo
ｆｏｒｍrmc l
ose
ｃｌｏｓｅｒ rrel
ationships.
ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｓ．
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
They havem
ｈａｖｅ ｍｏｒｅoreo l
de
ｏｌｄｅｒ rstudent
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓsｔｈａｔ
thatb efore.
ｂｅｆｏｒｅ．
D)
Ｄ） They
Ｔｈｅｙ ar
ａｒｅ em uchb
ｍｕｃｈ i
gge
ｂｉｇｇｅｒ rthan
ｔｈａｎ ｉｓi
sd es
irable.
ｄｅｓｉｒａｂｌｅ．
４９．Ｗｈａｔ
49.Wha ｄｏｅｓ
tdoe ｔｈｅthea
s ａｕｔｈｏｒ
u
tho ｔｈｉｎｋ
rthi ｏｆfｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ
nko teachingａｂｉｌｉｔｙ？
ab
ili
ty?
A)I
Ａ）Ｉｔ t requir
ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓesｔａｌｅｎｔ
tal
en ta ndｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ．
ａｎｄ pract
ice.
B)I
Ｂ）Ｉｔ t
ｉｓi
sc loselyr
ｃｌｏｓｅｌｙ elatedt
ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ or
ｔｏ esearch.
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ．
C)I
Ｃ）Ｉｔ t
ｉｓisac hi
eff
ａ ｃｈｉｅｆ actora
ｆａｃｔｏｒ ffectings
ａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇ tudents􀆳learning.
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ＇ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ．
D)
Ｄ） ＩｔItｃａｎ
canbｂｅeacquiredt
ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄ hroughｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｔ
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ persi
stentｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ．
pr
actice.

50.Wha
５０．Ｗｈａｔ ti
ｉｓ sthea
ｔｈｅ uthor􀆳
ａｕｔｈｏｒ＇ｓss uggesti
onf
ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｏｎ ori
ｆｏｒ mprovingｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
ｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇ un
iversityteaching?
ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ？
A)Cr eati
ng
Ａ）Ｃｒｅａｔｉｎｇ ａｎanenvironmen
ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ tf
ｆｏｒor teache
ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓrsｔｏt
os har
ｓｈａｒｅeｔｈｅｉｒ
theirt eachinge
ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ xperi
enc es.
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ．
)
B Hi ri
Ｂ）Ｈｉｒｉｎｇng mo
ｍｏｒｅ reclassroomt
ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ e
a che
ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓrsa
ａｎｄnda l
lowingｔｈｅｍ
ａｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ themtｔｏoteachi
ｔｅａｃｈ nt
ｉｎ he
irow
ｔｈｅｉｒ nw
ｏｗｎ ay.
ｗａｙ．
C)Us i
Ｃ）Ｕｓｉｎｇ nghi
ｈｉｇｈghtechnology
ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ ｉｎinclassroomsa
ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍｓ ndｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇ
ａｎｄ pr
omo tingｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ
exchangeoｏｆfinf
orma ti
on.
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ．
D)Cu tti
Ｄ）Ｃｕｔｔｉｎｇng dow
ｄｏｗｎ n meeti
ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓngsan
ａｎｄ dencour ag
ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｉｎｇingadmi nis
trati
ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅvestaf
ｓｔａｆｆfｔｏ
togｇｏotoc
ｔｏ lassrooms.
ｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍｓ．
Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
Pa
ssaeTＴｗｏ
g wo
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions5５１1t
ｔｏo5
５５5aａｒｅreb
ｂａｓｅｄ
as edoｏｎnt
ｔｈｅ
hefｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
ollowi ngpｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
assa ge.

Ｔｈｅ
Thesｓｅｃｒｅｔ
ecrettｔｏoeｅａｔｉｎｇ
a ti
ngl ｌｅｓｓ
essan ａｎｄ
dbe ｂｅｉｎｇ
ingha ｈａｐｐｙ
ppyab ａｂｏｕｔ
outi ｉｔ a
tm ｍａｙ
yhaｈａｖｅ
vebe ｂｅｅｎ
enc ｃｒａｃｋｅｄ
rackedyeｙｅａｒｓ
arsag o—by
ａｇｏ—ｂｙ
ＭｃＤｏｎａｌｄ＇ｓ．
McDona ld 􀆳
s. Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ
Acco rd ingtｔｏoan
ａ ｎｅｗ
ews ｓｔｕｄｙ
tudyf ｆｒｏｍ
r om CＣｏｒｎｅｌｌ
o rnellU Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ＇ｓ
ni
versit
y􀆳sFo Ｆｏｏｄ
odanａｎｄ
dBr Ｂｒａｎｄ
andLa ,
Ｌａｂ，ｓｍａｌｌ
b sma l
l
ｎｏｎ－ｆｏｏｄ
non
-foodr ewards—l
ｒｅｗａｒｄｓ—ｌｉｋｅ
iket ｔｈｅ
het ｔｏｙｓ
oysi ｉｎMＭｃＤｏｎａｌｄ＇ｓ
n cDonald􀆳sH Ｈａｐｐｙ Me
als—s
appy Ｍｅａｌｓ—ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅ
timulatet ｔｈｅ
hes ｓａｍｅ
amer ｒｅｗａｒｄ
eward
ｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ
centersｉｎ
intｔｈｅ
hebｂｒａｉｎ
rai
na ａｓsfo
ｆｏｏｄ
odd ｄｏｅｓ．
oe s.
Ｔｈｅ
Ther esearcher ,
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ，ｌｅｄ
s l ｂｙ Ｍａｒｔｉｎ
edby Ma r t
i Reimann,c
nＲｅｉｍａｎｎ，ｃａｒｒｉｅｄ
arri ｏｕｔutas
edo ａ ｓｅｒｉｅｓ
erie ｏｆfe
so ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ
xperimen t
stｔｏos
ｓｅｅ
eeiｉｆ
f
peop l
ｐｅｏｐｌｅew oul
ｗｏｕｌｄ dc hoos
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ eas malle
ａ ｓｍａｌｌｅｒrm ea
ｍｅａｌ l
ｉｆifi
ｉｔtwasp
ｗａｓ ai
redw
ｐａｉｒｅｄ i
than
ｗｉｔｈ on-foodi
ａ ｎｏｎ－ｆｏｏｄ tem.
ｉｔｅｍ．
They
Ｔｈｅｙ foundt
ｆｏｕｎｄ ha
ｔｈａｔ ttheｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ
ｔｈｅ majorit o
fb
yｏｆ othk
ｂｏｔｈ idsa
ｋｉｄｓ nda
ａｎｄ dultso
ａｄｕｌｔｓ tedf
ｏｐｔｅｄ
p orah
ｆｏｒ al
f-si
zedpo
ａ ｈａｌｆ－ｓｉｚｅｄ rtion wh
ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ en
ｗｈｅｎ
ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ
comb i ｗｉｔｈitha
nedw ａ ｐｒｉｚｅ．
priz Ｂｏｔｈ
e.B o
t hoｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ
ptionswｗｅｒｅ
e r
epｐｒｉｃｅｄ
ri
cedt ｔｈｅ
hes ｓａｍｅ．
ame.
Ｅｖｅｎ
Evenｍｏｒｅ
mo r
eｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ
interest
ingiｉｓstｔｈａｔ
hatt ｔｈｅ
heprｐｒｏｍｉｓｅ
omiseo ｏｆ ａ uｆｕｔｕｒｅ
faf turer ｒｅｗａｒｄ
eward waｗａｓ
senｅｎｏｕｇｈ
ought ｔｏmｍａｋｅ
o akea ａｄｕｌｔｓ
dul
ts
choos
ｃｈｏｏｓｅeｔｈｅ
thes malle
rｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ．Ｏｎｅ
ｓｍａｌｌｅｒ por
tion.Oneoｏｆ ft
ｔｈｅheprize
ｐｒｉｚｅｓsu sedｗａｓ
ｕｓｅｄ wa sa lot
te t(彩 票 ),wi
tha
ryｔｉｃｋｅｔ（彩票），ｗｉｔｈ
ａ ｌｏｔｔｅｒｙ t
icke ａ $10,
￥１０，
・· 8８・
· 2016-12 四级试题(第 3套）
２０１６－１２四级试题（第３ 套)
$50o
￥５０ ｏｒr$1 t,a
￥１００0ｐａｙｏｕｔ，ａｎｄ
0payou ndt
ｔｈｉｓ h
isw
ｗａｓ asa
ａｓ se ffec
ti
ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅvea
ａｓ sat angibl
ａ ｔａｎｇｉｂｌｅe gi
fti
ｇｉｆｔ ｉｎnpersuadingp
ｐｅｒｓｕａｄｉｎｇ eoplet
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ oe
ｔｏ at
ｅａｔ
ｌｅｓｓ．
l
ess.
“Thef
＂Ｔｈｅ ac
ｆａｃｔtt ha
ｔｈａｔtｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ
par
tici
pan t
sw ereｗｉｌｌｉｎｇ
ｗｅｒｅ wi
ll
ingt os
ｔｏ ubstitutepa
ｓｕｂｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ rto
ｐａｒｔ faf
ｏｆ ａ oｆｏｏｄ
odi temf
ｉｔｅｍ o
rt
ｆｏｒ he mｍｅｒｅ
ｔｈｅ ere
ｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔ
prospe c ｏｆfar
to ａ ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ
elat
ivelysm ｓｍａｌｌ
allmo ｍｏｎｅｔａｒｙ
netaryaａｗａｒｄ
wardi s tere st
ing,”s
ｉｓinｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ，＂ｓａｙｓ
aysRe Ｒｅｉｍａｎｎ．
imann.
ＨｅHeｔｈｅｏｒｉｚｅｓ
theorizesｔｈａｔ
thatiｉｔtis
ｉｓthｔｈｅ
eem ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌ
otionalcoｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔ
mponen toｏｆftｔｈｅｓｅ
hesei ｉｎｔａｎｇｉｂｌｅ
ntangibleprｐｒｉｚｅｓ
izesthaｔｈａｔ
tma ｍａｋｅ
ket ｔｈｅｍ
hem
ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ．
effect
ive. IＩｎ a
nf ct,v
ｆａｃｔ， ｖａｇｕｅｌｙ－ｓｔａｔｅｄ
aguely-staed pｐｏｓｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ
t os
sibi
li
tieso fｏｆ
wiｗｉｎｎｉｎｇ
nning aａpr
ｐｒｉｚｅ
ize weｗｅｒｅ
rem ｍｏｒｅ
oreeｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ
ff
ectivet ｔｈａｎ
han
ｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ
opt
ionswｗｉｔｈ
i
thhｈａｒｄ
ardoｏｄｄｓ
ddsiｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ．
ncl
uded.
“One
＂Ｏｎｅ ｅｘｐｌａｎａｔｉｏｎ
explanationｆｏｒ
fo ｔｈｉｓ
rthisfｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ
ind i
ng iｉｓ h
st ｔｈａｔ
a ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ
t possibl
e aw ａｗａｒｄｓ
ards ma ｍａｙ
yb ｂｅ
em ｍｏｒｅ
oree ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ
motional
ly
ｐｒｏｖｏｋｉｎｇ
provokingt ｔｈａｎ
hanc ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙ
er
taintyaw ards,”s
ａｗａｒｄｓ，＂ｓａｙｓ
aysR imann.“
Ｒｅｉｍａｎｎ．＂Ｔｈｅ
e ｕｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙ
Theu ncertai
ntyｏｆo
fw ｗｉｎｎｉｎｇ
inningp ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓ
rovide
sadａｄｄｅｄ
ded
ａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ
a
ttracti
ona ａｎｄ
nddｄｅｓｉｒａｂｉｌｉｔｙ
esi
rabili
tyt ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
hrougheｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌ＇ｔｈｒｉｌｌｓ．＇Ｔｈｅ
mo
tional‘ thri
lls.’Theｐｏｓｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ
pos
sib
ili
tyo ｏｆ eｒｅｃｅｉｖｉｎｇ
fr ce
ivinganaａｎ wａｗａｒｄ
ard
ａｌｓｏ
a
lsoｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓ
pr
oduce ａ ｓｔａｔｅ
sas tateoｏｆfhope—as
ｈｏｐｅ—ａ ｓｔａｔｅ
tatetｔｈａｔ
hatiｉｓsiｉｎniｉｔｓｅｌｆ
tsel
fps ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｌｙ
ychologi
callyr ewarding.”I
ｒｅｗａｒｄｉｎｇ．＂Ｉｎ
no ｏｔｈｅｒ
ther
ｗｏｒｄｓ，
words,ｔｈｅｒｅ＇ｓ
there􀆳 ａ ｒｅａｓｏｎ
sar easonwｗｈｙhyp
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
eopl
elｌｉｋｅ
i
ket ｔｏ
ogｇａｍｂｌｅ．
amble.
Ｈｏｗ
Howｍｉｇｈｔ
mighｔｈｉｓ
tt hiｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ
sknowl ｂｅ eu
edgeb ｕｓｅｄsedt
ｔｏoh
ｈｅｌｐ
el ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
pp eopl
eeｅａｔ
atmｍｏｒｅ
oreh ealth
ily?
ｈｅａｌｔｈｉｌｙ？
One
Ｏｎｅ pos s
ibili
tyi
ｐｏｓｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ sah
ｉｓ ealthyo
ａ ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ ptiont
ｏｐｔｉｏｎ hato
ｔｈａｔ f
ferst
ｏｆｆｅｒｓhe cha
ｔｈｅ ncet
ｃｈａｎｃｅow
ｔｏi
na
ｗｉｎ s
ａpa (温泉疗养)weekend.
ｓｐａ（温泉疗养）ｗｅｅｋｅｎｄ．
ＯｒOrm
ｍａｙｂｅ
aybｔｈｅ
et ｒｅｗａｒｄ
herewa ｏｆdo
r ａfｈａｌｆ－ｓｉｚｅｄ
aha lf-
sizedｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ
porti ｃｏｕｌｄ
onc oul ｂｅeａah
db ｈａｌｆ－ｓｉｚｅｄ
al
f-sizeddｄｅｓｓｅｒｔ
esserttｔｏ
obｂｅ
ecｃｌａｉｍｅｄ
l
aimedo ｏｎｌｙ
nlyo ｏｎ
na ａ
ｆｕｔｕｒｅ
futuredｄａｔｅ．
ate.TＴｈａｔ
hatwｗｏｕｌｄ
ouldｇｅｔ
getｙｏｕ ｂａｃｋ
youb a ｉｎnt
cki ｔｈｅherestauran t—andm
ｒｅｓｔａｕｒａｎｔ—ａｎｄ ｍａｋｅakｙｏｕ
eyo ｅａｔ
ue ａta
a ｌｉｔｔｌｅ
litt
lelｌｅｓｓ．
ess.

５１．
51. Ｗｈａｔ
Wha ｄｏow
td ｗｅ eｌｅａｒｎ
lea
rnaａｂｏｕｔ
bou ＭｃＤｏｎａｌｄ＇ｓ
tM cDona ld
􀆳 ｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ
sinc
lusionoｏｆftｔｏｙｓ
oysi ｉｎitsH
n ｉｔｓ aＨａｐｐｙ
ppy M Ｍｅａｌｓ？
eals?
A)I
Ａ）Ｉｔ tm
ｍａｙay shedl
ｓｈｅｄ igh
ｌｉｇｈｔ to
ｏｎ npeop le
􀆳
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ sdesir
ｄｅｓｉｒｅeｔｏ
toc rackas
ｃｒａｃｋ ecret.
ａ ｓｅｃｒｅｔ．
B)I
Ｂ）Ｉｔ th
ｈａｓasｐｒｏｖｅｄ
provedt
ｔｏob
ｂｅekeyt
ｋｅｙ oM
ｔｏ cDona ld􀆳
ＭｃＤｏｎａｌｄ＇ｓsbusinesss
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ uccess.
ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ．
C)I
Ｃ）Ｉｔ ta ppea
ａｐｐｅａｌｓls
ｔｏtokids􀆳curiosit
ｋｉｄｓ＇ｃｕｒｉｏｓｉｔｙ t
yｔｏofindo
ｆｉｎｄ utw
ｏｕｔ ha
ｗｈａｔtｉｓ
ish iddeni
ｈｉｄｄｅｎ nsi
de.
ｉｎｓｉｄｅ．
D)I
Ｄ）Ｉｔ tm
ｍａｙaｂｅ
yb ａea pleas
an
ｐｌｅａｓａｎｔ tw
ｗａｙaｆｏｒ
yf orkids
ｋｉｄｓ ｔｏtor educ
ｒｅｄｕｃｅe thei
rf
ｔｈｅｉｒ oodi
ｆｏｏｄ ntake.
ｉｎｔａｋｅ．
５２．Ｗｈａｔ
52.Wha ｉｓ
ti ｔｈｅ
stheｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ
f
indingｏｆ
o
ftｔｈｅ
her ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
esearchersleｌｅｄ
dby ｂｙMa
Ｍａｒｔｉｎ
rt
inRe Ｒｅｉｍａｎｎ？
imann?
A)Reduc i
Ａ）Ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ ngfoo
ｆｏｏｄ di ntake
ｉｎｔａｋｅ ｉｓi
sn
ｎｏｔottha
ｔｈａｔtdiffi
culti
ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ f
ｉｆpeop
legot
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｇｏoｔｏMcDonald􀆳sm
ＭｃＤｏｎａｌｄ＇ｓ ore.
ｍｏｒｅ．
B)Mos
Ｂ）Ｍｏｓｔ tk
ｋｉｄｓidsan
ａｎｄ dadu l
ａｄｕｌｔｓ t
sdon
ｄｏｎ＇ｔ 􀆳
tactuall
ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ f
eelh
yｆｅｅｌ ung r
ｈｕｎｇｒｙ whent
yｗｈｅｎ hey
ｔｈｅｙ ea
ｅａｔth al
fo
ｈａｌｆ ｏｆfthe
irm
ｔｈｅｉｒ eal.
ｍｅａｌ．
C)Ea ti
Ｃ）Ｅａｔｉｎｇ n asma l
l
ａgｓｍａｌｌｅｒ e
rpo rti
ono
ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ffoodd
ｆｏｏｄ oe
ｄｏｅｓ sgoodt
ｇｏｏｄ ｔｏ ot
ｔｈｅhehealt
ｈｅａｌｔｈho
ｏｆfk i
dsa
ｋｉｄｓ nda
ａｎｄ dul
tsa
ａｄｕｌｔｓ like.
ａｌｉｋｅ．
D)Mos
Ｄ）Ｍｏｓｔ tki
ｋｉｄｓ dsanａｄｕｌｔｓ
ａｎｄ dadu ltsw ou
ｗｏｕｌｄldchoos
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ eas malle
ａ ｓｍａｌｌｅｒrm ea
ｍｅａｌlｔｈａｔ
thatc amew
ｃａｍｅ i
than
ｗｉｔｈ on-foodi
ａ ｎｏｎ－ｆｏｏｄ tem.
ｉｔｅｍ．
５３．
53. Ｗｈａｔ
Wha ｉｓism
t ｍｏｓｔ
ostｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ
interest
ingi ｉｎ MＭａｒｔｉｎ
n ar
tinR Ｒｅｉｍａｎｎ＇ｓ
eimann 􀆳sfｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ？
inding?
A)Ki
Ａ）Ｋｉｄｓ ds pr eferr
ｐｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄeda
ａｎna wa
ａｗａｒｄrdｉｎint heｆｏｒｍ
ｔｈｅ fo
rmo ｏｆfm oney
ｍｏｎｅｙ ｔｏtoo
ｏｎｅne i
ｉｎnt heｆｏｒｍ
ｔｈｅ fo rmoｏｆfａat oy.
ｔｏｙ．
)
B Adu
Ｂ）Ａｄｕｌｔｓ ltschos
ｃｈｏｓｅ ethesma
ｔｈｅ ll
ｓｍａｌｌｅｒerpo rtionont
ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ ｏｎ heme
ｔｈｅ ｍｅｒｅr
epr omi
ｐｒｏｍｉｓｅ seo faf
ｏｆ ａ ut ureawa
ｆｕｔｕｒｅ rd.
ａｗａｒｄ．
)
C Bo
Ｃ）Ｂｏｔｈ thk
ｋｉｄｓidsandadu
ａｎｄ ａｄｕｌｔｓlt
sf e
ｆｅｌｔlts at
isfiedwi
ｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｄ t
ｗｉｔｈhon l
yha
ｏｎｌｙ l
ｈａｌｆ fo ft
ｏｆ heirme
ｔｈｅｉｒ alpo
ｍｅａｌ rt
ions.
ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｓ．
D)
Ｄ） Neithe
Ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ rchildrenn
ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ ｎｏｒora dult
ａｄｕｌｔｓsc oul
ｃｏｕｌｄdr es
istt
ｒｅｓｉｓｔ het
ｔｈｅ emp tat
iono
ｔｅｍｐｔａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆfa
ａfreet
ｆｒｅｅ oy.
ｔｏｙ．
５４．
54.Ｈｏｗ
HowdｄｏｅｓoesM
Ｍａｒｔｉｎ
art
i Ｒｅｉｍａｎｎ
nR imanｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔ
e ni
nterpre ｈｉｓisfｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ？
th inding?
A)Thee
Ａ）Ｔｈｅ motiona
ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌ lcomponen
ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔ to
ｏｆ ft
ｔｈｅheprize
ｐｒｉｚｅｓsｉｓ
isatw
ａｔ ork.
ｗｏｒｋ．
B)Peop
Ｂ）Ｐｅｏｐｌｅlen
ｎｏｗowc
ｃａｒｅarem
ｍｏｒｅorea bou
ａｂｏｕｔ t qua
lit
ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ thanｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙ．
yｔｈａｎ quan
tity.
C)Peop
Ｃ）Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ l
e pref
e
ｐｒｅｆｅｒ rcerta
int awardsｔｏ
yａｗａｒｄｓ
ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｙ toｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ
pos
siblea wards.
ａｗａｒｄｓ．
D)Th
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅ ede si
r
ｄｅｓｉｒｅ efo
ｆｏｒra
ａfuturer
ｆｕｔｕｒｅ ewa rdi
ｒｅｗａｒｄ sov
ｉｓ erwhelmi ng.
ｏｖｅｒｗｈｅｌｍｉｎｇ．

2016-12 四级试题(第 3
２０１６－１２四级试题（第 ３套）
套) ·
・９9·
５５．
55.Ｗｈａｔ
Wha ｃａｎ
tc ｗｅeｉｎｆｅｒ
anw inferfｆｒｏｍ
rom Ｍａｒｔｉｎ
Ma
rtinRＲｅｉｍａｎｎ＇ｓ
eimann􀆳sfｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ？
inding?
A)Peop
Ａ）Ｐｅｏｐｌｅleshou
ｓｈｏｕｌｄlde
ｅａｔatm
ｍｕｃｈuchles
ｌｅｓｓ s
ｉｆiftheyｗｉｓｈ
ｔｈｅｙ wi
shtｔｏos
tayh
ｓｔａｙ ealthyan
ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ dh
ａｎｄ appy.
ｈａｐｐｙ．
B)Mo
Ｂ）Ｍｏｒｅ refa
ｆａｓｔst foodr
ｆｏｏｄ es
taur an
ｒｅｓｔａｕｒａｎｔｓtsar
ａｒｅelikel yt
ｌｉｋｅｌｙ of
ｔｏ o
llow MＭｃＤｏｎａｌｄ＇ｓ
ｆｏｌｌｏｗ cDona ld􀆳sex amp le.
ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ．
C)W
Ｃ）Ｗｅ ec
ｃａｎ anle
ｌｅａｄ adpeop
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ l
et
ｔｏ oe
ｅａｔatles
ｌｅｓｓsw hil
ｗｈｉｌｅeh elpi
ngｔｈｅ
ｈｅｌｐｉｎｇ ther estaurantb
ｒｅｓｔａｕｒａｎｔ usiness.
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ．
D)
Ｄ） Mo
Ｍｏｒｅrestudie
ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ sar
ａｒｅen eededt
ｎｅｅｄｅｄ ｔｏofindo
ｆｉｎｄ utt
ｏｕｔ hei
ｔｈｅ mpa cto
ｉｍｐａｃｔ fe
ｏｆ mo ti
ono
ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎ nb
ｏｎ ehavior.
ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ．

Ｐａｒｔ
PartIＩＶ
V Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translat
ion (30mi nu
tes)
（３０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
Direc
tions:F
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ： Ｆｏｒ
ortｔｈｉｓ
hisp art,youa
ｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ ａｒｅrea
ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
llowed3３０0m
ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
inu t
e sｔｏtoｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅ
tran
slateaａ pｐａｓｓａｇｅ
assagefｆｒｏｍ
romC Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ
hineseiｉｎｔｏ
nto
Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ．Ｙｏｕ
English. ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
Yous hou ｗｏｒｉｔｅ
ldw rit
ey ｙｏｕｒ
ouraａｎｓｗｅｒ
nsweroｏｎnAＡｎｓｗｅｒ
nswerSＳｈｅｅｔ
heet2 ２．.
在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建（ｆｅｕｄａｌ） f
在中国文化中,黄颜色是一种很重要的 颜 色,因 为 它 具 有 独 特 的 象 征 意 义。 在 封 建( l)
euda
社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色．皇家宫殿全都漆成黄
社会中,它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时,黄 色 是 专 为 皇 帝 使 用 的 颜 色,皇 家 宫 殿 全 都 漆 成 黄
色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天
色,皇袍总是黄色的,而普通老百姓是 禁 止 穿 黄 色 衣 服 的。 在 中 国,黄 色 也 是 收 获 的 象 征。 秋 天
庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。
庄稼成熟时,田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈,庆祝丰收。

・· 1１０・
0· 2016-12 四级试题(第 3 套)
２０１６－１２四级试题（第３套）