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Full Applied Statistics in Business and Economics 5Th Edition Doane Solutions Manual Online PDF All Chapter
Full Applied Statistics in Business and Economics 5Th Edition Doane Solutions Manual Online PDF All Chapter
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ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
Chapter 8
Sampling Distributions and Estimation
8.1 For a 90% interval use z.05 =NORM.S.INV(.95) = 1.645
12
a. For μ = 100, σ = 12, n = 36: 100 1.645 or [96.71, 103.29]
36
150
b. For μ = 2,000, σ = 150, n = 9: 2000 1.645 or [1917.75, 2082.25]
9
10
c. For μ = 500, σ = 10, n = 25: 500 1.645 or [496.71, 503.29]
25
Learning Objective: 08-3
15
b. 1.96 = 1000 1.960 or (990.2, 1009.80).
n 9
1
c. 1.96 = 50 1.960 or (49.608, 50.392).
n 25
Learning Objective: 08-3
0.005
b. 1.96 = 4.035 1.96 or (4.03304, 4.03696).
n 25
c. In either case, we would conclude that our sample came from a population that did not
have a population mean equal to 4.035.
Learning Objective: 08-3
0.006
8.4 a. .9480 1.96 = .9480 .002 or (.9460, .9500)
35
b. Our sample size is greater than 30 so as we take random samples of 35, our distribution
will approach normal. It is bell-shaped with a mean of .9480 and standard deviation of
.001014.
c. Central Limit Theorem
Learning Objective: 08-3
142
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
32
8.5 a. (a) = =
n 4
32
(b) = =
n 16
32
(c) = =
n 64
b. The standard error is reduced by half.
Learning Objective: 08-4
24
8.6 a. (a) = =
n 9
24
(b) = =
n 26
24
(c) = =
n 144
b. The standard error is reduced by half.
Learning Objective: 08-4
1.25
8.8 a. = 0.3125
16
1.25
b. 25 1.645 = 25 0.514 or (24.486, 25.514)
16
Learning Objective: 08-3
Learning Objective: 08-4
𝜎 4
8.9 a. 𝑥̅ ± 1.645 √𝑛 = 14 ± 1.645 or (11.06, 16.94)
√5
𝜎 5
b. 𝑥̅ ± 2.576 √𝑛 = 37 ± 2.576
√15
or (33.68, 40.33)
𝜎 15
c. 𝑥̅ ± 1.96 √𝑛 = 121 ± 1.96 √25 or (115.12, 126.88)
Learning Objective: 08-5
143
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
3
8.10 a. 24 1.645 = 24 1.56 or (22.44, 25.56)
10
8
b. 125 2.576 = 125 4.12 or (120.88, 129.12)
25
1.2
c. 12.5 1.96 = 12.5 0.333 or (12.167, 12.833)
50
Learning Objective: 08-5
0.15
8.11 a. 2.4 1.645 = 2.4 0.0823 or (2.3177, 2.4823)
9
0.15
b. 2.4 1.96 = 2.4 0.098 or (2.302, 2.498)
9
0.15
c. 2.4 2.576 = 2.4 0.1288 or (2.2712, 2.5288)
9
d. As the confidence increases, the interval gets wider. In order to be more confident one
has to give up some precision.
Learning Objective: 08-5
5
8.12 a. 37 1.645 = 37 2.1237 or (34.8763, 39.1237)
15
5
b. 37 1.96 = 37 2.5304 or (34.4696, 39.5304)
15
5
c. 37 2.576 = 37 3.3256 or (33.6744, 40.3256)
15
d. As the confidence increases, the interval gets wider. In order to be more confident one
has to give up some precision.
Learning Objective: 08-5
40
8.13 a. 270 1.96 = 270 15.68 or (254.32, 285.68)
25
40
b. 270 1.96 = 270 11.09 (258.91, 281.09)
50
40
c. 270 1.96 = 270 7.84 (262.16, 277.84)
100
d. Width decreases as n increases.
Learning Objective: 08-4
Learning Objective: 08-5
144
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
50
8.14 a. 850 1.96 = 850 9.8 or (840.2, 859.8)
100
100
b. 850 1.96 = 850 19.6 or (830.4, 869.6)
100
200
c. 850 1.96 = 850 39.2 or (810.8, 889.2)
100
d. The confidence interval gets wider as increases.
Learning Objective: 08-4
Learning Objective: 08-5
1.25
8.15 21.0 1.96 = 21.0 0.775 or (20.225, 21.775)
10
Learning Objective: 08-5
8.16 a. The shape of the distribution will be close to normal because our sample size is greater
than 30 (n = 40).
14.5
b. 36.4 2.576 = 36.4 5.9059 or (30.4941, 42.3059)
40
Learning Objective: 08-3
Learning Objective: 08-5
0.000959
8.17 0.2731 2.576 = 0.2731 0.0003245 or (0.2727755, 0.2734245)
58
Learning Objective: 08-5
s 3
8.18 a. x t = 24 1.9432 = 24 2.2034 or (21.7966, 26.2034).
n 7
s 6
b. x t = 42 2.8982 = 42 4.0987 or (37.9013, 46.0987).
n 18
s 14
= 119 5.4286 or (113.5714, 124.4286).
c. x t = 119 2.0518
n 28
Note: t values are found using the Excel formula =T.INV.2T(1−cc, d.f.) where cc is the
confidence level. For a. this would be =tinv(1-.90, 6). The t values can also be found
using Appendix D.
145
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
8.20 a. Appendix D = 2.021, Excel =T.INV.2T (.05, 40) = 2.0211. z-score is 1.96
b. Appendix D = 1.990, Excel =T.INV.2T (.05, 80) = 1.9901. z-score is 1.96
c. Appendix D = 1.984, Excel =T.INV.2T (.05, 100) = 1.984. z-score is 1.96
All are fairly close to 1.96. Larger samples mean larger degrees of freedom which means
the t-distribution is closer to normal.
Learning Objective: 08-5
Learning Objective: 08-6
20
8.21 a. d.f. = 9, t = 2.262, 270 2.262 = 270 14.306 or (255.694, 284.306)
10
20
b. d.f. = 19, t = 2.093, 270 2.093 = 270 9.36 or (260.64, 279.36)
20
20
c. d.f. = 39, t = 2.023, 270 2.023 = 270 6.397 or (263.603, 276.397)
40
d. The confidence interval width decreases as n increases.
Learning Objective: 08-4
Learning Objective: 08-6
s 27.79
8.23 a. t.025 =T.INV.2T(.05,20) = 2.086, x t = 45.66 2.0860 or (33.01, 58.31).
n 21
b. The confidence interval could be made narrower by increasing the size of the sample
or decreasing the confidence level.
Learning Objective: 08-4
Learning Objective: 08-6
146
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
s 3.6492
8.24 a. x t = 19.875 1.753 = 19.875 1.5993 or (18.2757, 21.4743).
n 16
Note: t values are found using the Excel formula =tinv(1-cc, n-1) where cc is the
confidence coefficient. For a. this, this would be = tinv(1-.90, 15). They can also be
found using Appendix D.
Learning Objective: 08-6
s 78.407
8.25 x t = 812.5 3.1058 or (742.20, 882.80).
n 12
Learning Objective: 08-6
s 17541.8
8.26 a. x t = 24520 2.2622 = 24520 12548.9 or (11971.1, 37068.9).
n 10
b. Increase the sample size or decrease the confidence level.
Learning Objective: 08-4
Learning Objective: 08-6
s 4.3716
8.27 a. 1. x t = 85 2.2622 or (81.873, 88.127).
n 10
s 8.127
2. x t = 88.6 2.2622 or (82.787, 94.414).
n 10
s 3.712
3. x t = 76 2.2622 or (73.345, 78.655).
n 10
b. Confidence intervals 1 and 2 overlap. The scores on exam 3 are very different than the
first two. There was a decrease in the average exam score on the third exam.
c. Here the standard deviation is not known, so use the t-distribution.
Learning Objective: 08-6
(1 − ) .50(1 − .50)
8.28 a. = = .0913
n 30
(1 − ) .20(1 − .20)
b. = = .0566
n 50
(1 − ) .10(1 − .10)
c. = = .0300
n 100
(1 − ) .005(1 − .005)
d. = = .0032
n 500
Learning Objective: 08-7
147
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
(1 − ) .30(1 − .30)
8.29 a. = = .0725
n 40
(1 − ) .10(1 − .10)
b. = = .0212
n 200
(1 − ) .40(1 − .40)
c. = = .0894
n 30
(1 − ) .03(1 − .03)
d. = = .0085
n 400
Learning Objective: 08-7
8.31 a. Yes, nπ = 25×.50 = 12.5 and n(1−π) = 25×.50 = 12.5. Both are greater than 10.
b. Yes, nπ = 60×.20 = 12 and n(1−π) = 60×.20 = 48. Both are greater than 10.
c. No, nπ =.08×100 = 8 < 10.
Learning Objective: 08-7
8.32 The confidence level for most polls is assumed to be 95%. Use z.025 = 1.96
(1 − ) .50(1 − .50)
a. 1.96 =1.96 = .1386
n 50
(1 − ) .50(1 − .50)
b. 1.96 =1.96 = .0694
n 200
(1 − ) .50(1 − .50)
c. 1.96 =1.96 = .0439
n 500
(1 − ) .50(1 − .50)
d. 1.96 = 1.96 = .022
n 2000
Learning Objective: 08-7
148
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
N −n 450 − 10 n 10
8.38 a. FCPF = = = .9899, = = .0222 .05 . Yes, the population can
N −1 450 − 1 N 450
be considered effectively infinite.
N −n 300 − 25 n 25
b. FCPF = = = .959, = = .0833 .05 . No, the population cannot
N −1 300 − 1 N 300
be considered effectively infinite.
N −n 1800 − 280 n 280
c. FCPF = = = .9192, = = .1556 .05 . No, the population
N −1 1800 − 1 N 1800
cannot be considered effectively infinite.
Learning Objective: 08-8
n 90
8.39 = = .09 .05 . Use the FPCF.
N 1000
N −n 15 1000 − 90
a. For 90% confidence use z.05 = 1.645. x z ,50 1.645 ,
n N −1 90 1000 − 1
50 ± 2.482 or [47.518, 52.482]
N −n 15 1000 − 90
b. For 95% confidence use z.025 = 1.96. x z ,50 1.96 ,
n N −1 90 1000 − 1
50 ± 2.958 or [47.042, 52.958]
149
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
N −n 15 1000 − 90
c. For 99% confidence use z.005 = 2.576. x z ,50 2.576 ,
n N −1 90 1000 − 1
50 ± 3.887 or [46.113, 53.887]
Learning Objective: 08-8
n 1200
8.40 = = .21 .05 . Use the FPCF.
N 5800
a. For 90% confidence use t.05 with d.f. = 1199. t = 1.646.
s N −n 0.2 5800 − 1200
x t ,3.7 1.646 ,
n N −1 1200 5800 − 1
3.7 ± 0.0085 or [3.6915, 3.7085]
b. For 95% confidence use t.025 with d.f. = 1199. t = 1.962.
s N −n 0.2 5800 − 1200
x t ,3.7 1.962 ,
n N −1 1200 5800 − 1
3.7 ± 0.01 or [3.69, 3.71]
c. For 99% confidence use t.005 with d.f. = 1199. t = 2.5799.
s N −n 0.2 5800 − 1200
x t ,3.7 2.5799 ,
n N −1 1200 5800 − 1
3.7 ± 0.0133 or [3.6867, 3.7133]
Learning Objective: 08-8
n 500
8.41 = = .22 .05 . Use the FPCF. For a 90% confidence level use z.05 = 1.645.
N 2300
p (1 − p ) N − n 245
pz ,p= = .49,
n N −1 500
.49(1 − .49) 2300 − 500
.49 1.645
500 2300 − 1
.49 ± .033 or [.457, .523]
Learning Objective: 08-8
2
z (1.96)(7,500)
2
150
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
z (1.96)(10)
2 2
2
z (1.96)(2.5)
2
(b − a ) (51.96 − 43.89)
8.48 a. Assume a normal distribution. We can estimate = = = 1.345 .
6 6
2
(1.96)(1.345)
b. n = = 27.7982 and our sample size is rounded up to 28.
.5
Learning Objective: 08-9
151
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
−2.326
2 2
z
8.50 a. We can use π =.5. n = (1 − ) = .5(.5) = 2,164.11 . Round the sample
E .025
size up to 2,165. Using Megastat: >CONFIDENCE INTERVAL/SAMPLE
SIZE>SAMPLE SIZE p and just plug in the values for E, p, and confidence level.
b. Sampling method: Perhaps a poll via the Internet.
Learning Objective: 08-10
2 2
z 1.645
8.51 a. n = (1 − ) = .5(.5) = 1691.27 . Round up to n = 1692. We use =.5.
E .02
b. Sampling method: Mailed survey possibly stratifying by income level.
Learning Objective: 08-10
2 2
z 1.96
8.52 a. We can use π =.5. n = (1 − ) = .5(.5) = 600.25 . Round the sample size
E .04
up to 601. Using Megastat: >CONFIDENCE INTERVAL/SAMPLE SIZE>SAMPLE
SIZE p and just plug in the values for E, p, and confidence level.
b. Sampling method: Direct observation because you can easily see this around campus.
Learning Objective: 08-10
2 2
z 1.96
8.53 a. n = (1 − ) = .5(.5) = 2401 . No need to round up. Using Megastat: 2401.
E .02
b. Sampling method: Random sample via telephone or Internet survey possibly stratifying
by age.
Learning Objective: 08-10
2 2
z 1.96
8.54 a. We can use π =.5. n = (1 − ) = .5(.5) = 2, 401 and our sample size is
E .02
2,401. Using Megastat: >CONFIDENCE INTERVAL/SAMPLE SIZE>SAMPLE
SIZE MEAN and just plug in the values for E, p, and confidence level.
b. It would be nearly impossible to check all wireless routers in San Francisco.
Learning Objective: 08-10
152
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
s 5.31
8.60 a. x t = 10.36 2.045 = 10.36 1.9826 or (8.3774, 12.3426). Using Megastat:
n 30
<CONFIDENCE INTERVALS/SAMPLE SIZE<CONFIDENCE INTERVAL - MEAN
and then plug in the mean, standard deviation, n, and confidence level. Also select "t"
instead of "z" because we do not have the population variance.
Learning Objective: 08-6
8.61 a. Because the diameter is continuous there will always be slight variation in values from
nickel to nickel.
s 0.001886
b. x t = 0.834343 2.8453 = 0.834343 0.001171 or (0.833172, 0.835514)
n 21
From Megastat: (.8332, .8355)
c. The t distribution assumes a normal population, but in practice, this assumption can be
relaxed, as long as the population is not badly skewed. We assume that here.
2
z
d. Use n = to estimate the sample size. z = 2.576 so n = 95
E
Learning Objective: 08-6
Learning Objective: 08-9
s .1320
8.62 a. x = 3.3048, s = .1320. x t = 3.3048 1.833 = 3.3048 .0765 or (3.2283,
n 10
3.3813). Using Megastat: <CONFIDENCE INTERVALS/SAMPLE
153
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
s 10.3087
8.63 x t = 34.538 1.7823 = 34.538 5.096 or (29.442, 39.634)
n 13
From Megastat: (29.4427, 39.6342)
Learning Objective: 08-6
N −n 1591 − 20
8.64 a. FCPF = = = .994 .
N −1 1591 − 1
n 20
b. = = .0126 .05 . Yes, the population can be considered effectively infinite.
N 1591
Learning Objective: 08-8
N −n 187 − 25
8.65 a. FCPF = = = .9333 .
N −1 187 − 1
n 25
b. = = .134 .05 . No, the population cannot be considered effectively infinite.
N 187
Learning Objective: 08-8
s 170.3784
8.66 a. x t = 346.5 2.093 = 346.5 79.7386 or (266.7614, 426.2386). Using
n 20
Megastat: <CONFIDENCE INTERVALS/SAMPLE SIZE<CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL - MEAN and then plug in the mean, standard deviation, n, and confidence
level. Also select "t" instead of "z" because we do not have the population variance.
2
(1.96)(170.3784)
2
z
b. n = = = 278.7926 so our sample size is rounded up to 279.
E 20
Learning Objective: 08-6
Learning Objective: 08-9
s 1.351
8.67 a. x t = 19.969 2.1315 = 19.969 0.720 or (19.249, 20.689).
n 16
From Megastat: (19.249, 20.689)
b. Fuel economy can also vary due to tire pressure and weather. There may be more than
sampling variability contributing to differences in sample means.
Learning Objective: 08-6
154
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
s 3.9265 187 − 25
8.68 a. x t = 8.636 1.711 = 8.636 1.2539 or (7.3821, 9.8899).
n 25 187 − 1
z (1.645)(3.9265)
2 2
s 27.793
8.69 a. x t = 45.664 2.086 = 45.664 12.651 or (33.013, 58.315). Because the
n 21
sample size is greater than 5% of the population size, if we use the FCPF = .9165 the
confidence interval is (34.0690, 57.2590).
2
z
b. Use n = with z = 1.96 to get n = 119.
E
(21 − 1)27.7932 (21 − 1)27.7932
c.
2
, 452.122 2 1610.783 or 21.26 < σ < 40.14
34.170 9.591
Learning Objective: 08-6
Learning Objective: 08-9
Learning Objective: 08-10
s 97.0535
8.70 a. x t = 3278.7222 2.110 = 3278.7222 48.2678 or (3230.4544,
n 18
3326.9900). Using Megastat: <CONFIDENCE INTERVALS/SAMPLE
SIZE<CONFIDENCE INTERVAL - MEAN and then plug in the mean, standard
deviation, n, and confidence level. Also select "t" instead of "z" because we do not
have the population variance.
2
(1.96)(97.0535)
2
z
b. n = = = 90.4637 and our sample size is rounded up to 91.
E 20
c. The line chart shows a decrease in the number of steps over time.
155
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
s 1.0953
8.71 a. x t = 29.53 2.0639 = 29.53 0.452 or (29.078, 29.982).
n 25
From Megastat: (29.078, 29.982)
2
z
b. Use n = with z = 1.96 to get n = 116.
E
Learning Objective: 08-6
Learning Objective: 08-9
s 12.3322
8.74 x t = 80.4167 1.796 = 80.4167 6.3938 or (74.02, 86.81).
n 12
Learning Objective: 08-6
s 13.21
8.75 a. x t = 52.74 2.0227 = 52.74 4.225 or (48.515, 56.965).
n 40
From Megastat: (48.515, 56.965)
b. The distribution is more likely to be skewed to the right with a few CDs having very
long playing times.
2
z
c. Use n = with z = 1.96 to get n = 75.
E
Learning Objective: 08-6
Learning Objective: 08-9
156
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
8.76 a.
Uniform Normal
Distribution: Distribution:
(b − a)2 b−a
= =
12 6
Chromium (.69 − .47) 2 .69 − .47
= = .0635 = = .0367
12 6
Barium (.019 − .004)2 .019 − .004
= = .0043 = = .0025
12 6
Fluoride (1.17 − 1.07)2 1.17 − 1.07
= = .0289 = = .0167
12 6
Learning Objective: 08-9
z (2.33)(.5)
2 2
2 2
z 1.96
8.80 n = (1 − ) = .5(.5) = 96.04 and our sample size is rounded up to 97 . Using
E .10
Megastat: <CONFIDENCE INTERVALS/SAMPLE SIZE<SAMPLE SIZE p and
then plug in the values for E, p, and confidence level.
Learning Objective: 08-10
157
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
p(1 − p) .29(.71)
8.81 a. p z = .29 ± 1.96 = (.258, .322)
n 787
b. Yes, np = 228.23 and n(1–p) = 558.77 which are both greater than 10.
Learning Objective: 08-7
s 3.1
8.82 x t = 798.3 2.045 = 798.3 1.158 or (797.142, 799.458).
n 30
Learning Objective: 08-6
p(1 − p) .664(.336)
8.83 p = 83 /125 = .664 . p z = .664 1.645 = .664 .069
n 125
or (.595, .733)
p(1 − p) .58(.42)
8.84 pz = .58 ± 1.645 = .58 .0120 = (.568, .592).
n 4581
Learning Objective: 08-7
p(1 − p) .5(.5)
8.85 a. Margin of error = ± z = ± 1.96 = ± .035. Must assume π = .5 and 95%
n 787
confidence.
b. Margin of error would be greater if subgroup consisted of only males because the sample
size is now smaller.
Learning Objective: 08-7
p(1 − p) .46(.54)
8.87 a. p = 98/213 = .46, p z = .46 ± 1.96 = (.393, .527)
n 213
b. Normality assumption holds. np = 98 and n(1−p) = 115
Learning Objective: 08-7
158
ASBE 5e Solutions for Instructors
.5(1 − .5)
8.90 a. Margin of error = 1.96 = .0205
2277
p(1 − p) .44(1 − .44)
b. p z = .44 1.645 = .44 .0171 or (.4229, .4571)
n 2277
c. Because the interval falls below .5 we would conclude that it is unlikely 50% of the
voters approve of the President’s performance.
Learning Objective: 08-7
.5(1 − .5)
8.91 a. Margin of error = 1.96 = .04 Assume that p = .5 and a 95% confidence level.
600
Learning Objective: 08-7
2 2
z 1.96
8.93 a. n = (1 − ) = .5(.5) = 384.16 Round the sample size up to 385.
E .05
2 2
z 1.96
b. n = (1 − ) = .5(.5) = 1536.64 , n would increase to 1537
E .025
Learning Objective: 08-10
159
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scrisse nella Satira IV di qual modo avessero essi principio:
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Currite jam sedit [282],
Ante secundam
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De re communi scribæ magna atque nova te
Orabant hodie meminisses, Quincte, reverti...
Imprimat his, cura, Mæcenas signa tabellis...
Dixeris, «experiar, si vis, potes» addit et instat [284].
Se falliva il tentativo dell’amichevole componimento, l’attore, actor,
citava con publica intimazione, detta edictum, l’avversario, reus, a
comparire in giudizio, in jus vocare, a che se questi rifiutava, l’attore
volgendosi ad uno degli astanti, interrogava: licet antestari? se
voleva, cioè, valergli di testimonio; al che assentendo porgevagli a
toccare l’estremità dell’orecchio, auriculam opponebat, perchè
nell’orecchio si riteneva fosse la sede della memoria. In questo caso
l’attore poteva trascinare a forza il reo in giudizio, in jus rapere,
afferrandolo persino per il collo, obtorto collo, come Plauto notò nella
scena quinta del terzo atto del Pænulus e nella sesta del terzo atto
della Rudens. Tali formule conservò il poeta e scriba Orazio testuali
nella Satira IX del lib. I:
Fugit improbus, ac me
Sub cultro linquit. Casu venit obvius illi
Adversarius, et: quo tu turpissime? magna
Inclamat voce, et: Licet antestari? Ego vero
Oppono auriculam. Rapit in jus: clamor utrinque [285].
Or udiamo lui stesso cantare questo episodio curioso, che del resto
ritrae una delle abitudini romane, infiltratasi nella vita di questi fieri
conquistatori, da che per le guerre d’Africa, di Grecia e d’Asia,
accresciutesi le ricchezze loro, i costumi presero a mutarsi e non in
meglio sicuramente.