Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture 10
Lecture 10
Lecture 10
(a) We have:
q = it = 5 × 4 × 60 = 1200(C)
(b) The number of electrons:
q 1200 21
N= = = 7.5 ×10
e 1.6 ×10 −19
5. A beam contains 2.0 x 108 doubly charged positive ions per
cubic centimeter, all of which are moving north with a speed of
1.0 x 105 m/s. What are the (a) magnitude and (b) direction of
the current density J (c) What additional quantity do you need
to calculate the total current i in this ion beam?
J = nqvd 5
vd: the drift velocity of ions, in this problem: vd = 10 (m / s)
Ions are doubly charged, so: q = 2e
J = 2 ×1014 (1 / m 3 ) × 2 ×1.6 × 10 −19 (C ) ×105 (m / s) = 6.4( A / m 2 )
(b) the current direction is the same as the direction motion of
ions, to the north
2
di = JdA = Cr × 2πrdr
dr r2 r2
3
i = di = 2πC r dr
∫ ∫
r1 r1
i=
πC 4 4
2
(
r2 − r1 )
12. Near Earth, the density of protons in the solar wind (a
stream of particles from the Sun) is 8.70 cm-3, and their speed
is 470 km/s. (a) Find the current density of these protons. (b)
If Earth's magnetic field did not deflect the protons, what total
current would Earth receive?
l
R=ρ
A
−3 −3 2
RA 50 ×10 × 3.14 × (0.5 ×10 ) −8
ρ= = = 1.96 ×10 (Ωm)
l 2
24. Figure a gives the magnitude E(x) of the electric fields that
have been set up by a battery along a resistive rod of length
9.00 mm (Fig. b). The rod consists of three sections of the
same material but with different radii. (The schematic diagram
of Fig. b does not indicate the different radii.) The radius of
section 3 is 2.00 mm. What is the radius of (a) section 1 and
(b) section 2?
(a) E
ρ=
J
i i
E = ρJ = ρ = ρ
A 2
2 πr
E1 r3 E3
= ⇒ r1 = r3 = 1.55(mm)
E3 r 2 E1
1
(b) r2 = 1.23(mm)
26. In Fig. a, a 9.00 V battery is connected to a resistive strip
that consists of three sections with the same cross-sectional
areas but different conductivities. Figure b gives the electric
potential V(x) versus position x along the strip. Section 3 has
conductivity 3.00 x 107 (Ω.m)-1. What is the conductivity of
section (a) 1 and (b) 2?
Potential difference:
l il
V = iR = iρ =
A σA
V3 l3σ 1
=
V1 l1σ 3
V3 l1 3−0 4 7
⇒ σ1 = σ3 = 3 × 10
V1 l3 9−7 3
7
σ 1 = 6 × 10 (Ωm) −1
V3 l2 3−0 1 7
⇒σ2 = σ3 = 3 ×10
V2 l3 7−3 3
σ2 7
= 0.75 ×10 (Ωm) −1
31. An electrical cable consists of 125 strands of fine wire, each
having 2.65 µΩ resistance. The same potential difference is
applied between the ends of all the strands and results in a total
current of 0.750 A. (a) What is the current in each strand? (b)
What is the applied potential difference? (c) What is the
resistance of the cable?
5
Req2 R RR
Req = = 3 = 0.625R
Req2 + R 5 R + R
3
Req = 0.625 × 8 = 5(Ω)
24. In the figure below, R1 = R2 = 4.0 Ω and R3 = 1.5 Ω. Find
the equivalent resistance between points D and E. (Hint: Imagine
that a battery is connected across those points.)
−i1R1 − ε1 − i1R1 + ε 2 − i2 R2 = 0
i1 + i2 = 1 (1) i2
+Loop bε3aε2b:
−i3R1 + ε 3 − i3R1 + i2 R2 − ε 2 = 0
i2 = i3 (2)
+Junction a: i + i = i
2 3 1 (3)
2 1
(1), (2) & (3) : i1 = (A); i2 = i3 = (A)
+ Va-Vb: 3 3
Vb + ε 2 − i2 R2 = Va
Va − Vb = 3.33 (V)
54. When the lights of a car are switched on, an ammeter in
series with them reads 10.0 A and a voltmeter connected across
them reads 12.0 V (see Figure). When the electric starting motor
is turned on, the ammeter reading drops to 8.5 A and the lights
dim somewhat. If the internal resistance of the battery is
0.05 Ω and that of the ammeter is negligible, what are (a) the
emf of the battery and (b) the current through the starting
motor when the lights are on?
(a) V = ε − ir ⇒ ε = V + ir
ε = 12 + 10 × 0.05 = 12.5(V )
V 12
Rlights = = = 1.2(Ω)
i 10
(b) both S are closed:
V ' = iA Rlights = 8.5 ×1.2 = 10.2(V )
So, the main current:
ε −V ' 12.5 − 10.2
i' = = = 46( A)
r 0.05
the current through the starting motor:
imotor = 46 − 8.5 = 37.5( A)
57. Switch S in the figure below is closed at time t = 0, to begin
charging an initially uncharged capacitor of capacitance
C = 15.0 µF through a resistor of resistance R = 20.0 Ω. At
what time is the potential across the capacitor equal to that
across the resistor?
2 2
60. A capacitor with initial charge q0 is discharged through a
resistor. What multiple of the time constant τ gives the time the
capacitor takes to lose (a) the first one-third of its charge and
(b) two-thirds of its charge?
q = q0 e − t / RC = q0 e − t / τ
loosing 1/3 gives 2/3 for the remaining
−t / τ q 2 2
e = = ⇒ t = −τ ln ≈ 0.41τ
q0 3 3
(b) loosing 2/3 gives 1/3 for the remaining
−t / τ q 1 1
e = = ⇒ t = −τ ln ≈ 1.1τ
q0 3 3
65. In the figure below, R1 = 10 k Ω, R2 = 15 kΩ, C = 0.4 µF,
and the ideal battery has emf ε = 20 V. First, the switch is closed
a long time so that the steady state is reached. Then the switch is
opened at time t = 0. What is the current in resistor 2 at t = 4.0
ms?
When the switch is closed, capacitor
C is charged. Then it is opened, the
capacitor is discharged through
resistor R2, the current is given by:
⎛ V0 ⎞ −t / R2C
i = −⎜⎜ ⎟⎟e ;τ = R2C = 6(ms)
⎝ R2 ⎠
So, we need to determine V0, which is the potential difference
across R2 when the switch is closed:
ε 20
V0 = R2 = 15 = 12(V )
R1 + R2 10 + 15
12 −4 / 6 −3
i=− e = −0.41×10 ( A) or -0.41(mA)
3
15 ×10