Balanced System

Magnitude of quantities are equal Phase difference between them are also equal

• Responses are equal(Voltages, currents)

1.

• No neutral current(No difference between

3-Φ,3-wire & 3-Φ,4 wire)
2.
• Decoupled(All 3-Φ are independent of
each other, so possibility of per phase
analysis )
3.
Balanced System
 Unbalanced System

This is just the beginning of unbalanced system problems

पिक्चर अभी बापि है मे रे दोस्त
 Unbalanced System
What is
unbalanced
system?

How it will
Happen? Different magnitudes or phase differences of phasor
quantity(V,I) in a system.

(1) Unbalance load applied to system.

(2) Due to unsymmetrical fault(L-L fault,
L-L-G fault, L-G fault)
 Fortesque Theorem

What if I have to deal with only balanced phasors in

unbalanced system?

Fortesque theorem states that a unbalanced system can be

resolved into ‘n-1’ system of balanced phasors & ‘1’ co-phasor.

This is applicable for voltages and current only..

 Symmetrical Components

Positive Negative Zero

Unbalanced
Sequence Sequence Sequence
Quantity
components Components Components
 Positive Sequence

Same phase Displaced from

Sequence as of each other by
original phasors 120°

Equal in
magnitudes 3 Balanced Phasors

Only Positive sequence components is present in Balanced 3-Φ system.

 Negative Sequence

Opposite phase Displaced from

Sequence as of each other by
original phasors 120°

Equal in 3 Balanced Phasors

magnitudes
 Zero Sequence

Equal in Zero phase

magnitudes displacement
from each other

“ 3 Equal Phasors
 α- operator

A operator which
when operates upon
a phasor, rotates it by
+120° without
changing the
magnitude of phasor
upon which it
operates.
Symmetrical Components
Phase Components and Symmetrical Components
Phase Components and Symmetrical Components
 Power Calculations
How will you
calculate when
only sequence
Should I components
calculate are given in
phase problem?
values from
this data?
Power Calculations
 Neutral Current

◇ Sum of line currents in 3-Φ,4 wire system is equal to

Neutral current.
◇ In 3-Φ,3 wire system neutral is not grounded, so
neutral current is zero.
Some Important facts about V ,V I
, line ph , line , I ph
 Some Important facts about V ,V I , line ph , line , I ph

 Zero component of line voltage is always zero.

 In star connected system zero component of line voltage is always
zero, whereas phase component may or may not be zero.
 Sum of line currents in delta connection is always zero.
 In delta connected system zero sequence component of line is
always zero, whereas zero sequence component of phase current
may or may not be zero.
In a 3- Φ Balanced power system, zero sequence component
of current will be?
(a) Equal to positive sequence current
(b) Depend upon the load connected
(c) Zero value
(d) Equal to negative sequence current
Unbalanced conditions in power system can be raised
due to
(a) Occurrence of a solid 3-Φ fault in power system
(b) Occurrence of a L-G fault in power system
(c) Unbalance load connected to power system
(d) Source being unbalanced
Zero Sequence component of line voltage is always 0