Short Circuit Model

• When the fault occurs the pf is lagging in

nature and hence armature reaction is
demagnetizing.

• Due to high armature current armature

reaction tends to reduce the flux but flux
cannot change instantly.

• In order to not let the flux change instantly a

current is induced in field and damper winding
on rotor which supports the field flux.

• Such a condition is called as Sub-Transient

Condition.
 Short Circuit Model

• When fault occurs the real power output of

Synchronous Machine becomes 0.

• Rotor accelerates and the speed of rotor

becomes more than Synchronous Speed.

• This causes emf to be induced in field and

damper winding which causes current flow
and these winding then produce flux to
compensate demagnetizing armature reaction.
 Sub-Transient Condition

• Due to relative speed between rotor and stator

magnetic field emf is induced in field and
damper winding.

• Due to flux produced by these two windings

their reactance comes into picture.
 Transient Condition

• The resistance of damper winding is high to

produce high starting torque due to which its
time constant is low.

• The transient dies out faster in damper

winding as compared to field winding and
hence in transient region, transient flux is only
produced by field winding.
 Steady State Condition

• Once the transient in field winding also dies

out the steady state is achieved.

• In steady state only leakage reactance and

armature reaction remains.
Steady State Condition
Steady State Condition
Short Circuit Fault Effects
Three Phase Fault
Three Phase Fault
Short Circuit MVA
In Transient Region, the flux in field winding is zero.
Short Circuit MVA is given by fault current in pu.
Symmetrical AC Current during fault decays due to
(a) Resistance
(b) Reactance
(c) Capacitance
(d) All of the above