INTERNSHIP WORK REPORT

2023-2024

Department of Library and Information Science

School of Open Learning
University of Delhi -110007

Submitted to the Department of Library and Information, School of Open Learning,

University of Delhi, Delhi in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement of B- 111: Internship
Program of BLISc for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Library and Information.

Submitted Supervisor

by Dr. Gurdev Singh

Name: khushi sharma Librarian

Roll No- 23-1-16-000390 Sri Guru gobind singh college of

commerce, University of Delh

 Preface
Few lines about Librarianship

Librarianship, the art and science of managing information resources, has long been an
essential profession in facilitating access to knowledge and preserving cultural heritage.
Librarians play a crucial role in organizing, classifying, and disseminating information,
ensuring that individuals and communities have the resources they need to learn, explore, and
grow. In an era dominated by digital advancements and rapid information dissemination, the
field of librarianship continues to evolve, adapting to new technologies and expanding its scope
to meet the changing needs of society.

Need and Importance of Paper: B- 111

The paper "B-111: Internship Programme of BLISc. for the Degree of Bachelor of Library and
Information Science" highlights the need and importance of practical internships in the field of
Library and Information Science. It emphasizes how internships bridge the gap between theory
and practice, develop crucial skills, and contribute to the profession's growth. The paper's
insights support discussions on curriculum development and ensuring future librarians are
well-prepared for their roles.

During my work in different sections of the library, including Acquisition, Cataloguing and
Classification, Circulation, and ICT applications, I have gained valuable experience and
developed essential skills.

CHAPTER 1 ABOUT THE LIBRARY

Information about the Library, rules and regulation to be followed in the library by the staff
and member of library and the guidelines for work in the library.

CHAPTER 2 ACQUISITION WORK

I have been involved in the process of selecting and acquiring library materials. This includes
conducting research on relevant resources, evaluating their suitability for the collection, and
coordinating with vendors and publishers for procurement. I have also participated in budget
management, ensuring efficient allocation of funds for acquiring diverse and relevant materials
to meet users' needs.
CHAPTER 3 CATALOGUING AND CLASSIFICATION

My responsibilities have encompassed organizing and describing library resources to facilitate

easy access and retrieval. I have applied standard cataloguing rules and classification systems
to create accurate and consistent bibliographic records. Additionally, I have enhanced the
discoverability of materials through subject analysis, authority control, and metadata
management, ensuring efficient navigation of the library's collection.

CHAPTER 4 CIRCULATION

I have interacted directly with library users, providing assistance in locating materials, issuing
and returning items, and managing library accounts. I have gained expertise in using library
management systems, processing loan requests, and handling overdue fines. Additionally, I
have assisted in implementing circulation policies, ensuring a smooth and user-friendly
borrowing experience for library patrons.

CHAPTER 5 ICT APPLICATIONS

In the library, I have actively utilized various technologies to enhance library services. This
includes implementing and managing integrated library systems, digital repositories, and
online catalogues. I have contributed to the development of user-friendly interfaces and
conducted training sessions to promote digital literacy among library users. Furthermore, I have
been involved in leveraging emerging technologies such as RFID systems, self-checkout
stations, and mobile applications to streamline library operations and improve user experiences.
 Acknowledgement
I am immensely grateful for the opportunity to have completed my internship at the School of
Open Learning's library. This experience has been incredibly rewarding and has provided me
with valuable insights into the field of library science. Throughout my time at the library, I had
the privilege of engaging in a wide range of tasks, from assisting patrons with their inquiries to
organizing resources and contributing to cataloguing efforts. I am especially thankful for the
guidance and support provided by the library staff and my supervisor, whose expertise and
encouragement have been invaluable. This internship has not only deepened my understanding
of library operations but has also strengthened my passion for promoting access to knowledge
and information. I am truly honoured to have been a part of the School of Open Learning's
library team and am excited to apply the skills and knowledge I have gained to my future
endeavours in the field.

Khushi Sharma

Soll roll no. = 23-1-16-000390

 List of Abbreviation

ABBRIVIATION FULL FORM

OPAC Online Public Access Catalogue

DDC Dewey Decimal Classification

IFLA International Federation of Library
Associations and Institutions
ISBN International Federation of Library
Associations and Institutions
ISSN International Standard Serial Number

MARC Machine-Readable Cataloguing

OCLC Online Computer Library Centre

RDA Resource Description and Access

ACRL Association of College and Research

Libraries
 Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................................... 1

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................... 3

List of Abbreviation ................................................................................................................. 4

CHAPTER 1 ABOUT THE LIRARY.................................................................................... 6

Vision ..................................................................................................................................... 8

Mission Statement .................................................................................................................. 8

College library ........................................................................................................................ 8

Chapter 3 Classification and Cataloguing Work ................................................................ 19

TECHNICAL PROCESSING .............................................................................................. 19

CLASSIFICATION WORK ................................................................................................ 19

Need of cataloguing ............................................................................................................. 22

Cataloguing .......................................................................................................................... 23

Objective of Cataloguing ..................................................................................................... 24

Technical Process of Cataloguing ........................................................................................ 24

Chapter 4: Circulation Work ............................................................................................... 26

FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATION SECTION........................................................... 26

Automated Circulation System ............................................................................................ 26

Tasks Involved in Issuing Books ......................................................................................... 27

Tasks Involve in Returning Books ....................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER – 6 | USE AND APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ....... 29

TASKS CAN RUN AND PERFORM BY KOHA .............................................................. 30

KOHA .................................................................................................................................. 31

Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 33

Reference ................................................................................................................................ 34
 CHAPTER 1 ABOUT THE LIRARY

Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce

University of Delhi

Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce, founded in 1984, as the second commerce
college of the University of Delhi, is a premier institute, specializing in commerce, economics,
business studies and computer science. The college is recognized for academic excellence. The
emphasis is on provision of quality education accompanied with character development and
cultural growth so as to prepare socially responsible citizens.
Strategically located near the T.V. Tower, Pitam Pura, New Delhi, the college is sponsored by
the Delhi Sikh Gurudwara Management Committee, a statutory body, constituted under an Act
of Parliament. The college is named after the tenth Guru, Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Drawing
inspirations from the teachings of Sikh Gurus, the college helps its students to imbibe moral
and spiritual values having universal acceptance.

The College was initially housed in "barracks", with access to limited resources, a total strength
of 129 students and only 6 teachers. The collective efforts of those associated with the college
have made SGGSCC reach new heights of glory and success with a total student strength of
about 2200 and teaching faculty comprising 70 teachers.

Sustained and concerted efforts accompanied with relevant policies, systems and infrastructure,
conducive for meaningful and adaptive learning, play an important role in ensuring that the
college successfully maintains its position amongst the finest institutes pan India. These efforts
have culminated in securing an "A++" grade ranking by National Assessment and
Accreditation Council, NAAC. The college has also been placed amongst the top 100 Higher
Education Institutions on Performance by the National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)
of the Ministry for Human Resource Development.

The college possesses modern infrastructure including spacious class-rooms, sprawling

grounds, a well-equipped library, a state-of-the-art auditorium, highly sophisticated computer
labs, seminar hall and conference room along with disabled friendly ramps and a spacious
eight-person elevator in the teaching block. Apart from academic excellence, the thrust is also
on personality development and group dynamism for which sports facilities of national
standards for cricket, volley ball, basketball, lawn tennis, table-tennis, a well-equipped
gymnasium named after Sahibzada Jujhar Singh ji and a world class shooting range have been
developed. The college also has 35 societies and clubs to cater to diverse learning needs of
students. The college building houses a girls' hostel in the name of Mata Sahib Kaur ji so as to
provide a safe and quality dwelling to the outstation girls.

The college's emphasis on social responsibility is also apparent from the stress laid on
environment friendly infrastructure initiatives undertaken in the form of setting up of a hybrid
system of wind and solar panels for electricity generation and the recent laying down of ground
work for rain water harvesting.
 Vision

Our vision is to provide humanistic, holistic and liberal learning environment. Our objective is
to stimulate and embolden the intellectual, emotional, and social potential of our students.

Mission Statement

Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce, guided by our motto "Behold All Human race
as One" promotes excellence in education, co-curricular activities and sports to make students
earn their livelihood and become better citizens. The college promotes the universal
brotherhood message across all aspects of college life to nurture student's mind and encourage
students to shape their purposeful pursuits.

College library

The College Library comes into existence along with foundation of the college in the year1984.
The library offers a wide range of computerized services. Its aim is to provide timely and right
documents/information on variety of subjects. The college maintains a well- stocked and well
equipped, centrally air-conditioned Library with computerized user-friendly services. The
library is using NETTLIB software system for providing efficient services. The Collection of
the Library at present consists of more than 50,000 books, 490 bound volumes (back volumes)
of important journals and about 850CD's on various subjects. The library regularly subscribes
to about 27 newspapers, 35 journals and magazines (Indian as well as foreign) on variety of
subjects. The library has rich collection of books especially on Commerce, Economics,
Mathematics, Computer Science, Management, Sports, General Studies and Sikhism. The
library provides facility with open access system, spacious reading room and reference section.

Library Services and Facilities

1. Automation of the Library:

The College started planning for Library computerization in 2001. Now our library is
fully computerized. Various activities of the library are automated. The database of
books can be searched by author, title, subject, publishers etc. The library books can
be searched through Internet on college website: www.sggscc.com/library or through
web OPAC link http://sggscclibrary.saraswatilib.com

2. Lending Service:

All the students are entitled to become member of this library. A member is entitled to
borrow three books at a time for 10 days. The current issues of periodicals/ magazines/
newspapers / reference books are available for reading in the library only. Reference
books, rare books, periodicals and such other reading materials as are marked for
consultation within the library shall not be issued out for loan except with the special
permission of Librarian.

3. The library provides lending of books and allied reading material to the
students and staff Reference Service:

The library provides reference service to assist the users in getting the required
documents / information. The library consists of a good collection of reference books
such as encyclopaedias, dictionaries, atlases, yearbooks, CDs on variety of subjects.
Students can make use of the entire reference collection within the library. The
reference staff can provide assistance to find the books/ information from print and
electronic sources by using modern information technologies.

4. Book Bank Facility:

The library has a Book Bank and Students Aid Fund Section for lending text books to
the deserving and needy students.

5. Book Location Service:

The library staff is always ready to assists the students and faculty members in finding
the desired reading material. Students may contact the reference desk near the entrance.

6. Reservation of Books:

Books in great demand and which are not on the shelves generally under issue can be
got reserved by the students by filling Reservation Slips available at the circulation
counter. The library will inform the member as soon as the book is available
electronically through e-mail or SMS as the case may be.

7. New Arrivals Display:

Every fortnight some selected newly added books to the library are displayed on the
New Arrivals Stacks near the counter. Also, a list of 'New Arrivals' is circulated among
the faculty members on regular basis. The purpose is bringing the newly added books
to the notice of the users.

8. Photocopying service:

Students and teachers can avail the facility of photocopy of limited number of pages on
academic purpose only. The library helps in providing photocopies of articles/ text to
the students and faculty members from the documents available in the library.

9. Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) through web Browser:

The entire library collection can be searched through web OPAC. The link for the
search is: http://sggscclibrary.saraswatilib.com. The main page search access required
user ID and password. User ID: 0001; Password: 999. It facilitates a user to browse
entire library's collections with ease and promptness. Books in Hindi, Panjabi can also
be searched. The users can search books through cell phone, laptop, desktop computer
etc. The students can now be able to reserve the book. Teacher can recommend the
book through link provided. The documents can be searched by author, title, subject
etc.

10. Newspaper clipping service:

The library is maintaining a record of newspaper clippings on important subjects and

of various activities related to the college as well as University.

11. Content page service:

Library is providing a photocopy of content pages of important journals subscribed by
the library to faculty members.

12. Ask your librarian service:

Students can e-mail their queries related to books / reading material, Library services
etc. to: librarysggscc@gmail.com or drgurdevsingh@hotmail.com. Notices are
available through mobile application "Smart Prof"

13. Orientation:

The college provides orientation of library resources and services at the beginning of
the new session and to individuals or groups on request.

14. Internet with Wi-Fi facility:

Internet access with Wi-Fi facilities is provided to the faculty members and students
free of cost. Several terminals are available in different sections for internet search. All
Bonafede members are entitled to access electronic resources through college network.
They can connect to Delhi University Library network and search and download
various e-resources (within the campus) free of cost. Students and faculty members can
also search number of e-resources through INFLIBNET subscribed by the college.

15. Facilities for visually challenged and disabled students

The library provides the audio and visual facilities, laptop with special software
installed for visually challenged students. Library also provides special facilities for
disabled students.
 Rules and Regulations of the Library

 Membership: -The library offers membership to the students and faculty members.
Members are entitled to borrow books as per their privilege. Students can borrow three
books for 10 days. Faculty members can borrow 10 books for 15 days. Members are also
entitled to borrow back volumes of journals (with the permission of Librarian). Current
issues are for reference only. The renewal of membership will be done on the basis of
production of fee receipt. Members should keep the library informed of any change of
address and phone number.
 Security: - Students are required to carry their membership card with them whenever visit
the library. There will be no entry without ID/Library card. The students will deposit their
personal belongings such as bags, cell phones, personal books etc. at the property counter.
They must not be brought into the library. Bags if brought should be kept at the counter
and mobile, cash should not be left in the bags. Outside books / personal books are not
allowed in the library. Use of personal study material in the library premises is not
permitted.
 Membership responsibilities: - Library Membership Card is not transferable as they are
token of privilege which only the members to whom they are issued are entitled. Sub-
lending of book(s) is misuse of this privilege and may lead to withdrawal of membership.
 Loss of library ticket: - Loss of library membership cards/ID Card must be reported in
writing to the Librarian immediately. On loss of Library Membership Card, an FIR has to
be launched. Duplicate Library Card will be issued at the circulation counter on the
payment of Rs.100/- along with a copy of FIR. The member however will continue to be
responsible for any loss that the library may suffer through the loss/misuse of lost Library
Membership Card.
 Fine/ overdue charges: - The member is expected to return the book(s) on or before the due
date stamped on the due date slip. An overdue charge at the rate of Rs.5/- per volume per
day will be charged.
 Lost/damaged books: -Loss of Library book(s) must be reported immediately to the library.
Borrowers will be asked to pay for the book lost or replace it with a new book(s) along with
the fine and binding charges if any. Borrowers will be asked to pay at the rates fixed by the
library for the book returned in damaged or mutilated condition.
 Care of library books: -Books should be checked before they taken out of the library.
Therefore, borrowers must satisfy themselves about the physical condition of the book(s)
before borrowing, otherwise they will be held responsible for any damage or mutilation
noticed later or at the time of returning the book(s). After using the books, it should be kept
at the right place on the shelf in the library, where it has been taken out. Marking with
pen/pencil is not allowed in the books, otherwise new book / book cost / fine would be
charged. Penalties for books lost, damaged, mutilated or defaced by marking shall be fixed
by the Librarian. The library books are for the benefit of not only the present but also for
the future members of the library. They should, therefore, be handled with every care and
consideration.
 Obtaining clearance certify? cate with no dues: - The library books/ membership cards are
the property of the library and are to be returned and dues, if any, be cleared/ paid and a
clearance certificate be obtained from the library before leaving the college (e.g. at the time
of getting CLC).
 Maintenance of discipline: -The Student shall keep silence within the library premises. It
is necessary to maintain an atmosphere of quiet and dignity inside the library. The students
are expected not to act in any way which disturbs the study of other students. Any student
 found talking or disturbing studies in any form in the reading room of the library shall be
fined Rs.500/- in the first instance. Subsequent violation of this directive will entail heavy
penalty. Principal may expel any student if the presence of such a person is liable to disturb
the peace in the library. Use of mobile phone is prohibited inside the library. Mobile phone
should be switched off before entering the library. Students are required to co-operate for
calm and healthy atmosphere in the library. Eating and drinking is not allowed inside the
library.
 Assistance, suggestions and grievances: -If you find any difficulty in using the library or in
locating any information / books, contact the staff at the counter or Librarian. Students can
make any suggestion(s) and can drop in the suggestion box near the entrance. We welcome
any suggestions to improve the library services.
 Chapter 2 Acquisition Work

Acquisition work in a library involves the systematic process of obtaining materials to build
and maintain the library's collection. This crucial aspect of library operations requires careful
planning, budgeting, and coordination to ensure that the collection meets the needs and interests
of the library's users. Acquisition librarians or specialists are responsible for identifying
materials to purchase, whether it be books, journals, digital resources, or multimedia materials,
and evaluating their suitability for inclusion in the collection. They must stay informed about
emerging trends, changes in academic disciplines, and the preferences of library patrons to
make informed decisions about acquisitions. Additionally, acquisition work often involves
negotiating with vendors, managing subscriptions, tracking orders, and overseeing the budget
allocated for acquiring new materials. Ultimately, effective acquisition work is essential for
libraries to fulfil their mission of providing access to information and supporting research,
learning, and cultural enrichment within their communities.

Objective of Acquisition Work

The primary objective of acquisition work in a library is to strategically build and maintain a
collection of materials that meet the informational, educational, and recreational needs of the
library's users.

This involves several specific goals:

1. Collection Development: Acquiring materials that support the library's mission and
objectives, as well as the interests and preferences of its users.
2. Information Access: Ensuring that users have access to a diverse range of resources in
various formats, including books, journals, electronic databases, multimedia materials, and
more.
3. Quality and Relevance: Selecting materials that are accurate, up-to-date, and relevant to the
needs of the library's users, whether they are students, researchers, professionals, or the
general public.
4. Budget Management: Optimizing the use of financial resources allocated for acquisitions
to maximize the value and impact of the collection.
5. Vendor Relationships: Cultivating relationships with vendors and publishers to negotiate
favourable terms, discounts, and access to new materials.
6. User Engagement: Soliciting feedback from users and stakeholders to understand their
needs and preferences, and using this information to inform acquisition decisions.
7. Compliance and Ethics: Adhering to legal and ethical guidelines related to copyright,
licensing, and intellectual freedom when acquiring and providing access to materials.

The overall activities under acquisition section are:

o Receive the recommendations of book from the department.

o Verification of book in library whether the book is available or not.
o Questions are performing invoice are invited from the approved vendors.
o Prepare comparative statement
o Ordering of Book
o Receive the Book along with the invoice
o Verification of invoice according to the comparative statement
o Receiving of book with Bill Verification of Books.
o Verification of Bills Verification of Price Book, If Foreign Book.
o Verification of Foreign Exchange Rate, if Foreign Book.
o Entry of bill in bill register
o Accessioning of books.

Functions of Acquisition Section

1. Selection of documents
2. Ordering of documents
3. Procurement of the documents
4. Accessioning of documents (making record entries in the stock register)
5. Processing the bills for payment.

o Selection of Documents: It is the process of deciding what materials should be added to a

library collection. Selection decisions are usually made on the basis of reviews and
Standard Collection Development Tools by librarians designated as selectors in specific
subject areas based on their interest and field of specialization. In academic libraries,
selection may also be done by the members of Teaching Faculty in their disciplines.
Selection Tools include Catalogue (Publisher/ Book Seller/ Majo Libraries), Book
Reviewing Journals, Book Trade Journals, Bibliographies (Basic Book/National/Survey
type), Directory (Serials/ Publisher/ Book Seller) and Electronic Sources.
o Ordering of Documents: Ordering process in manual system includes three routines: pre-
order work, placing of order and receipt of supply.
o Pre ordering: all the section card/ slip for items which been identified for place order are
checked for accuracy of bibliographic details, for duplication with records of books on
order, books receive and waiting accession and materials available in the library print as
well as in electronic.
o Order work: before forwarding, order must be checked for correction of information of
ordered item, in respect of clarification on terms and conditions of supply, clarification on
the mode of despatch of clarification on term and conditions of supply, clarification on
mode of despatch of consignment of supplier and may specific requirement in invoice, etc.
o Receipt of Consignment: The first job on receipt is to check the consignment for correct
delivery, identifying defective copy in consignment or short in supply and missing
pages/issue.
o Cataloguing and Processing: Cataloguers assign metadata and classification information to
the new books and process them for inclusion in the library's catalogue. This involves
assigning call numbers, adding labels and security features, and preparing the books for
circulation.
o Shelving: Newly acquired books are shelved in appropriate locations within the library
according to their subject matter and classification.
o Promotion and Access: Library staff may promote the new acquisitions to users through
various channels, such as library newsletters, social media, or displays within the library.
They also ensure that users are aware of and able to access the new books through the
library's catalogue and circulation system.
o Assessment and Evaluation: Periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the acquisition
process by assessing user satisfaction, usage statistics, and the impact of new acquisitions
on the library's collection and services. Adjustments can be made to future acquisition
strategies based on this evaluation.

TASKS INVOLVED IN ACCESSIONING OF DOCUMENTS

1. Once books and bills are received from order unit, bills are arranged by date and each
bill and its books are separated.
2. The acquisition details and bibliographic details of the books/periodicals are entered in
accession register/periodical register in the order in which they are listed in a bill. The
Column for Class Number and Book Number is left blank.
3. The books are also entered m the Acquisition Module of Library Management software
KOHA.
4. Bills are stamped with a certificate certifying that all books have been duly accessioned
in the accession register at the accession numbers recorded on each bill.
5. Physical work of pasting the Book platter on the left-hand side and the Due date slips
on the right-hand side of the front opening page of the book is done.
6. The Accession number is written on the Book Platter present at right hand side of the
front opening of the book.
7. Accession Number and the date of accession is written on the first, last and secret page
of the book along with the stamp of the college.
8. Books are then transferred to Technical Section for processing and bills are passed on
to account section for payment.
 Chapter 3 Classification and Cataloguing Work
TECHNICAL PROCESSING

The newly acquired books are prepared for library use. For this purpose, these are. Classified,
catalogued, entries are filed in library catalogue and books are shelved on display racks or in
the stacks. As a visitor to library, you may not be familiar of such functions in a library, because
these are performed behind the scene.

Technical processing includes:

1. Classification of books
2. Cataloguing of books

Figure 1 DDC PLACED IN THE LIBRARY

CLASSIFICATION WORK

Classification work is carried out to organize the library materials in a systematic way. It is
achieved by assigning a code number, called call number, composed of class number,
collection number and book number, to each document based on a scheme of classification. A
scheme of classification assigns each individual subject an artificial number which replaces the
name of the subject. Existing schemes are CC, DDC and UDC. We use DDC classification
scheme in library.
 Need for Classification

1. Facilitates Organization: Classification systems provide a systematic way to organize and

arrange library materials based on their subject matter or content. By assigning call
numbers or codes to books, journals, and other resources, classification systems help
librarians and users quickly locate specific items within the library's collection. Without
classification, libraries would struggle to maintain order, making it difficult for users to
find the materials they need efficiently.
2. Supports Information Retrieval: Classification systems enable effective information
retrieval by grouping related materials together. Users can browse shelves or search library
catalogues using subject headings or call numbers to locate resources on specific topics of
interest. Classification not only helps users discover relevant materials but also encourages
serendipitous discovery by presenting related items in proximity to each other on library
shelves.
3. Facilitates Collection Development: Classification systems play a crucial role in collection
development by guiding librarians in the selection and organization of materials. By
categorizing resources according to subject areas or disciplines, classification systems help
 librarians identify gaps or strengths in the library's collection, inform decisions about new
acquisitions, and ensure a balanced representation of diverse topics and perspectives.
Classification also aids in weeding out outdated or irrelevant materials, allowing libraries
to maintain a current and relevant collection for their users' needs.

Task involve in classification

Classifying a library of books involves organizing them systematically based on various

criteria such as subject matter, author, genre, and more. The process typically involves the
following steps: -

1. Determine Classification System: Choose a classification system to organize the books.

The most commonly used system is the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system or
the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) system.
2. Sort Books: Sort through all the books in the library and group them together based on
their respective classification categories. This may involve physically moving books
around or creating a digital inventory.
3. Assign Call Numbers: Each book needs to be assigned a unique call number based on its
classification. In the Dewey Decimal system, call numbers are typically numerical (e.g.,
500 for science, 800 for literature), while in the Library of Congress system, they are
alphanumeric codes representing subject categories.
4. Labelling: Affix labels to the spine or cover of each book indicating its call number. This
facilitates easy identification and retrieval of books from shelves.
5. Shelving: Arrange the books on shelves according to their call numbers. Books with
similar call numbers should be placed near each other to facilitate browsing.

Technical Process of Classification

In Library, the technical process of classification involves several steps to accurately assign
DDC numbers to library materials and organize them within the library's collection. There are
some of the tasks I did during classification.

1) Subject Analysis:
a) Content Evaluation: Library staff evaluate the content of each item to determine its
main subject or topic.
b) Subject Identification: Identifying the most prominent subject or subjects covered in
the item to facilitate accurate classification.
2) DDC Number Assignment:
a) Consulting the DDC Schedule: Referring to the DDC schedules and tables to identify
the appropriate classification number for the subject of the item.
b) Hierarchy Navigation: Navigating the hierarchical structure of the DDC to find the
most specific number that accurately represents the subject of the item.
3) Application of Standard Notation:
a) Standard Notation Rules: Applying the standard notation rules of the DDC system to
construct the complete DDC number for the item.
b) Addition of Standard Subdivisions: Adding standard subdivisions, if applicable, to
further specify the aspect of the subject covered by the item.

Need of cataloguing

 Collection cataloguing is often one of those tasks’ museums put off. There’s always
something more urgent to do. We somehow think we’ll get around to it another time
 or that we’ll always remember what the thing is, who gave it to us or why we
collected it.
 Unfortunately, we often never get around to catching up the cataloguing, and a poor
or non-existent catalogue can create huge problems for collecting institutions.
 Cataloguing helps you understand what you have, where it is located (on display, in
store, on loan) and what stories it tells. It helps you prioritise work and resources
through understanding how important any given item is.

A record should include:

 Registration number – a unique and permanent number to ensure you can accurately
identify the object from similar items
 Name of the object – so a quick search will help someone find it (i.e. luggage trolley)
 Description of the object – to allow someone reading the catalogue to develop a
mental picture of what the object looks like
 Images from every angle
 Dimensions
 Manufacturing materials (copper, timber, glass) and/or manufacturing method (cast,
wrought, blown)
 Hazardous materials (radium on watch dials, asbestos in lagging, lead in paint)
 Seller and purchase price OR donor information
 Any provenance or history available (where did it come from, who manufactured it,
who used it)
 Distinguishing marks – makers marks on crockery or someone’s name written on a
flyleaf, for example
 Condition and completeness

Cataloguing

Cataloguing in libraries involves creating detailed bibliographic records for each item,
including author, title, and subject information. These records are essential for organizing
collections and enabling users to locate materials easily. Cataloguing adheres to standardized
systems and international standards, ensuring consistency and interoperability across libraries
worldwide.
 Objective of Cataloguing

Here are some objectives of cataloguing in the following: -

a. Easy Finding: Cataloguing helps people find books and other materials in the library by
creating organized records that include details like the author, title, and subject of each item.

b. Providing Information: It aims to give lots of useful information about each item, so users
can decide if it's what they need without having to hunt it down physically.

c. Keeping Things Tidy: Cataloguing helps the library keep track of all its materials in an
organized way, making it easier to know what they have and where they are.

d. Quick Access: The main goal of cataloguing is to make sure that people can quickly and
easily find and use the library's resources when they need them.

Technical Process of Cataloguing

1. After classification work is completed the class number and book number formed are
written in their respective column in accession register with pencil.
2. The class number and book number are written on the book platter of the books.
3. The class number and book number are then written on the first, last and secret page of
the book with stamp and pencil.
4. The class number, book number and ISBN number of the book is entered in the catalogue
of the acquisition module of KOHA software and then merged into the maintenance
module for OPAC.
5. The barcode and spine label are printed using the maintenance module and pasted on the
book.
6. The catalogue card is then printed for the book using AACR-2R CODE.
 Chapter 4: Circulation Work
The circulation desk is the phase where we come in touch with the membership and the issue
or return of the books. The circulation desk is the Busiest in the library. Circulation Section is
located at the First floor of the college library. It is involved in the activities such as charging
and discharging of books, overdue collection and maintaining statistic etc. In a library
Circulation is the process of lending books to borrowers and accurately re- shelving them after
they have been returned, so that they will be retrievable by the next user. The reader’s section
situated in the library is also run by the section. In front of the circulation desk, there are three
Computer for the teachers they can search the OPAC to know whether the required books are
available in the library or not.

The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science define d circulation desk as, “A counter
or desk where items from the library collection are charged and discharged”

FUNCTIONS OF THE CIRCULATION SECTION

The main activities of this Circulation section are such as charging and discharging of books,
overdue collection and maintaining statistics in a library. In Circulation section of Sri
Aurobindo College (Evening) Library, we study about the all functions of circulation which
are in SACE Library. About membership of library, issues and return process.

The Function of the circulation section are as follows:

 To provide books and other, leading material required by the reader.

 To provide whenever possible, suitable documents if derived, books or books we not
available.
 To introduce appropriate books to the users.
 To guide leaders in the use of cataloguing as the key to resources of the library and in
selection of books.
 To assist readers in location of information from various reference tools.

Automated Circulation System

In an automated circulation system, the manual system of operation is replaced with computer-
based system, of operation. In this system the library has web-based catalogue which shows
the collection e.g. books, journals, etc. and their availability in the library, beside the record of
registered users of the library is also available on the computer. This is all maintained through
integrated library management software. There are many advantages of using an automated
circulation system. The catalogue displays what the library has and automated circulation
anywhere. The users can easily check their “accounts” to find out what has been issued to them,
books which are overdue and can renew the books.

In an automated circulation system, there is no need for the library to issue and maintain
borrower’s cards or tickets. Every member requires a single card with a unique identification
number (such as library membership number) to be used by the software to access the member
database. The multiple borrowing facilities are also controlled by the software.

This circulation module is used to manage member registration and issue/return of the
documents available in a library. The module must be used after completing data entry of books
and monographs. The module will manage the following activities:

1) Member Management
2) Issue/return and renew
3) Circulation Transactions
4) Receipt Management
5) Import Member Data

Tasks Involved in Issuing Books

To issue a book in Koha, I followed these general steps:

1) Koha Staff Client: Log in to the Koha Staff Client using your staff credentials.
2) Search for the Patron: Look up the patron who wants to borrow the book. You can search
by their name, library card number, or any other identifier.
3) Find the Book: Search for the book that the patron wants to borrow. You can search by
title, author, ISBN, or any other relevant details.
4) Select the Book: Once you've found the book, click on it to select it for checkout.
5) Check Availability: Before issuing the book, make sure it's available for checkout. Koha
will typically display whether the book is available or checked out.
6) Issue the Book: If the book is available, click on the "Issue" button to complete the
transaction.
7) Scan Library Card (Optional): Some libraries use barcode scanners to scan the patron's
library card for faster checkouts. If your library employs this method, scan the library card.
8) Scan Book Barcode: Use a barcode scanner to scan the barcode on the book. Alternatively,
you can manually enter the barcode number if scanning is not available.
9) Complete Transaction: Koha will confirm the book has been checked out to the patron. It
will also update the library's database to reflect the loan.

Tasks Involve in Returning Books

To return a book in Koha, I followed these general steps:

1) Access Koha Staff Client: Log in to the Koha Staff Client using your staff credentials.
2) Navigate to the Check-In Module: Depending on your Koha configuration, the "Check-
In" module may be accessible from the main menu or through a dedicated tab. Locate and
click on the "Check-In" option.
3) Scan Barcode: When a patron returns a book, use a barcode scanner to scan the barcode
on the book. Alternatively, you can manually enter the barcode number if scanning is not
available.
4) Verify Return: Koha will typically display information about the book being returned,
such as title, author, and patron details. Verify that the correct book is being returned.
5) Process Return: Once you've verified the return, Koha will prompt you to confirm the
return. Click on the appropriate button to process the return.

Figure 2 QR SCANNER TO SCAN THE BOOKS

BARCODE
 CHAPTER – 6 | USE AND APPLICATION OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Library automation plays a pivotal role in modernizing library operations, enhancing
efficiency, and improving user experiences. By leveraging technology, libraries can streamline
various tasks, optimize resource management, and provide better access to information.
Automated systems, such as Integrated Library Systems (ILS), facilitate cataloguing,
circulation, and inventory management. Through ILS, librarians can efficiently input, organize,
and retrieve information about library materials, ensuring accurate and up-to-date records.
Automation also simplifies the borrowing and returning process for patrons, with self-checkout
kiosks and RFID technology expediting transactions and reducing queues. Moreover,
automation enables online access to library catalogs, databases, and digital collections,
extending services beyond physical library hours and locations. By offering remote access to
resources, libraries can accommodate diverse user needs and preferences, fostering lifelong
learning and research. Additionally, automation tools enable libraries to analyse usage patterns,
collection trends, and user behaviour, guiding informed decision-making for resource
allocation and service improvements. Overall, library automation empowers librarians to focus
on personalized assistance and knowledge dissemination while efficiently managing library
resources to meet the evolving needs of their communities.

Figure 3 COLLEGE OFFICIAL WEBSITE INTERFACE

 TASKS CAN RUN AND PERFORM BY KOHA

Koha is an open-source Integrated Library System (ILS) that is widely used by libraries
around the world to automate various library functions and services. Here are some of the key
uses of Koha in libraries:

1. Cataloguing and Metadata Management: Koha provides robust tools for cataloguing
library materials, including books, journals, multimedia, and digital resources. Librarians
can create and maintain bibliographic records, assign metadata, and organize items into
searchable collections.
2. Acquisition and Collection Management: Koha streamlines the acquisition process by
enabling librarians to manage orders, subscriptions, and vendors efficiently. It tracks the
entire lifecycle of library materials, from procurement to cataloguing and circulation,
ensuring accurate inventory management.
3. Circulation and Patron Management: Koha facilitates circulation tasks such as check-in,
check-out, renewals, and holds/reservations. It allows librarians to manage patron
accounts, issue library cards, set borrowing policies, and track circulation statistics.
4. Online Public Access CatLog (OPAC): Koha offers a user-friendly OPAC interface that
allows patrons to search, browse, and access library resources remotely. Patrons can view
item availability, place holds, manage their accounts, and interact with library staff
through the OPAC.
5. Electronic Resource Management: Koha supports the management of electronic
resources, including e-books, e-journals, databases, and digital collections. It integrates
with authentication systems and provides access control for electronic resources.
6. Interlibrary Loan (ILL): Koha facilitates interlibrary loan services, enabling libraries to
share resources with other libraries and consortia. It automates request processing,
document delivery, and resource sharing workflows, improving efficiency and
collaboration.
7. Reporting and Analytics: Koha offers reporting tools that allow librarians to generate
custom reports, analyse circulation data, track usage patterns, and assess collection
performance. These insights inform collection development decisions and support
evidence-based library management.
8. Customization and Integration: Koha is highly customizable, allowing libraries to tailor
the system to their specific needs and workflows. It supports integration with third-party
systems, such as authentication systems, discovery services, and digital repositories.

Overall, Koha empowers libraries to automate and streamline their operations, enhance
patron services, and effectively manage their collections in a cost-effective and flexible
manner. Its open-source nature promotes collaboration, innovation, and community support
within the library community.

KOHA

Koha automation software has a rich history rooted in the collaborative efforts of the library
community to create an open-source solution for library management. Developed by Katipo
Communications Ltd. in collaboration with the How whenua Library Trust, Koha emerged in
the late 1990s as a response to the need for a cost-effective and customizable library automation
system. The first version of Koha was released in 2000 under the GNU General Public License
(GPL), marking the beginning of its journey as a freely available and open-source software.
From its humble beginnings, Koha has grown into a globally recognized Integrated Library
System (ILS), with libraries of all sizes and types adopting it for their automation needs. Over
the years, Koha has undergone continuous development and refinement, driven by the
contributions of its user and developer community worldwide. Its feature-rich capabilities
encompass cataloguing, circulation, online public access catalogue (OPAC), acquisitions,
interlibrary loan (ILL), reporting, and customization options, making it a versatile and
adaptable solution for modern libraries. Today, Koha stands as a testament to the power of
collaboration, innovation, and open-source principles in advancing library technology and
empowering libraries to better serve their patrons.
 Conclusion
This internship has been an excellent and rewarding experience.

I can proudly say that I’ve learned about the working of college library it’s function and work
as an organization. I’ve learned to issue books, and to keep their record in a register, shelving
books and storytelling. I have gained a good work experience and to take responsibility for the
work assigned by the University. I would like to conclude this report with positive attitude and
ensuring that I have gained the purpose of the internship assigned by the University.
 Reference
1) Viswanathan, C. G. (1965). Cataloguing theory and practice. New York: Asia Pub. House
2) Girja Kumar. & Krishan Kumar. (1975). Theory of Cataloguing. Delhi: Vikas Pub. House
3) Ranganathan, S. R. & Madras Library Association (1958). Classified Catalogue Code: with
additional rules for dictionary catalogue code. Madras: Madras Library Association
4) Agrawal, S. S. (2013) Module-22: Choice and rendering of headings. E-Pg Pathshala.
Retrieved from http://surl.li/hpesb
5) Unit-9 Choice and rendering of headings and statement of responsibility. (2017). Retrieved
from https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/40120/1/Unit-9.pdf