ETHICS

1. Differentiate restorative justice and retributive justice.

Restorative justice and retributive justice are two distinct approaches to addressing
crime and conflict within societies. Here's how they differ:

Goal:

Restorative Justice: Focuses on repairing the harm caused by the crime. It seeks to
restore the well-being of the victim, offender, and community by addressing the
underlying causes of the offense and promoting healing, reconciliation, and
rehabilitation.

Retributive Justice: Emphasizes punishment for wrongdoing. It aims to establish

societal order and deter future criminal behavior by imposing penalties on offenders
proportionate to the severity of their offenses.

Focus:

Restorative Justice: Centers on the needs of the victim, offender, and affected
community members. It encourages dialogue and collaboration among all parties
involved to understand the impact of the crime and find mutually acceptable
solutions.

Retributive Justice: Focuses on the guilt or innocence of the offender and the
appropriate punishment for their actions. It often involves a trial, conviction, and
sentencing based on established laws and legal procedures.

Process:

Restorative Justice: Involves a participatory process where victims, offenders, and

community members come together to discuss the harm caused by the crime, its root
causes, and potential ways to repair the harm. This may include restitution,
community service, apology, and other forms of accountability.

Retributive Justice: Follows a formal legal process where the state acts on behalf of
the victim to prosecute and punish the offender according to established laws and
sentencing guidelines.

Outcome:

Restorative Justice: Seeks to achieve healing, reconciliation, and restoration of

relationships between the victim, offender, and community. It aims to prevent future
offenses by addressing the underlying causes of crime and promoting empathy,
responsibility, and accountability.

Retributive Justice: Aims to mete out punishment to offenders as a form of

retribution for their wrongdoing. It focuses on satisfying the demands of justice
through the imposition of penalties such as imprisonment, fines, or probation.
2. How does globalization affect and change people's values? Give a concrete
example.

Globalization influences people's values in various ways, one of which is evident in

the realm of cultural identity and diversity.

For example, consider the impact of globalization on traditional cultural values in a

country like Japan. Historically, Japan has upheld strong cultural traditions and
values, such as collectivism, respect for authority, and conformity. However, with
increased globalization, especially through the spread of Western media, technology,
and consumer culture, there has been a gradual shift in Japanese societal values.

Western ideals of individualism, self-expression, and consumerism have become

more prevalent, particularly among the younger generation. This shift is reflected in
changing attitudes towards work-life balance, marriage, and social relationships. For
instance, there's a growing trend of young Japanese people prioritizing personal
fulfillment and individual aspirations over traditional expectations of career stability
and family duty.

Moreover, globalization has led to the adoption of new cultural practices and values
from other parts of the world. Japanese youth, for instance, may embrace aspects of
Western popular culture, such as fashion, music, and social media trends, which may
challenge or coexist with traditional Japanese values.

Overall, globalization has contributed to a dynamic interplay between traditional and

modern values in Japan, as in many other societies, resulting in a more diverse and
evolving cultural landscape. This example illustrates how globalization can influence
and shape people's values by exposing them to alternative cultural perspectives and
norms from around the world.

Submitted By: Antonio Christopher J. Jarilla

Submitted To: Elmer Madriaga