GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE

(Thể bị động)

Thể bị động được sử dụng khi ta không biết người (hoặc vật) thực hiện hành động là ai hoặc thông tin
đó không quan trọng, mà chỉ muốn nhấn mạnh chuyện gì xảy ra với chủ thể.
A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. (không biết là ai)
Is this room cleaned every day? (không quan trọng là ai)
Nếu muốn nêu người thực hiện hành động, ta dùng by:
This house was built by my grandfather.
Dạng bị động của động từ nói chung:

be (is/was…) + past participle (done/cleaned/seen…)

Dạng past participle thường là thêm -ed vào đuôi động từ nguyên mẫu (cleaned, mixed…), tuy nhiên có
một số động từ bất quy tắc như build → built, do → done, make → made
Danh sách động từ bất quy tắc và bài tập: Irregular Verb List & Exercises

1. is done was done

❖ Present simple (hiện tại đơn)

❖ Past simple (quá khứ đơn)

Dịch các câu sau sang tiếng Anh:

1. Bơ được làm từ sữa. → ………………………………………………………..
2. Điện thoại được phát minh khi nào? → ………………………………………………………..
3. Nó được Alexander Bell phát minh vào năm 1876. → ………………………………………………
4. Cà rốt được hấp cho đến khi mềm. → ………………………………………………………..
5. Vài ngày trước tôi bị một con chó cắn. → ………………………………………………………..
Exercise 1
Where were they born?
1 (Peter / Edinburgh) → Peter was born in Edinburgh.
2 (Sarah / Manchester) → …………………………………………………………
3 (her parents / Ireland) → …………………………………………………………
4 (you / ???) → ……………………………………………………………………..
5 (your mother / ???) → …………………………………………………………

Exercise 2
Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
clean damage find give invite make make show steal take

is cleaned
1 The room ……………………… every day.
2 I saw an accident yesterday. Two people ……………………… to hospital.
3 Paper ……………………… from wood.
4 There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms………….……………….
5 'Where did you get this picture?' 'It ………………………… to me by a friend of mine.'
6 Many American programmes ………………………… on British TV.
7 'Did James and Sue go to the wedding?' 'No. They …………………………, but they didn't go.'
8 'How old is this film?' 'It in 1985.'
9 My car …………………………… last week, but the next day it ……………………… by the police.

Exercise 3
These sentences are not correct. Correct them.
1 This house built 100 years ago This house was built
…………………………………………………
2 Football plays in most countries of the world …………………………………………………
3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address? …………………………………………………
4 A film studio is a place where films make …………………………………………………
5 Where are you born? …………………………………………………
6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? …………………………………………………
7 Somebody broke into our house, but nothing stolen. …………………………………………………
8 When was invented the bicycle? …………………………………………………

Exercise 4
Write sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions.

Sentences 1-7 are present.

1 (the office / clean / every day)
2 (how often / these rooms / clean?)
3 (glass / make / from sand)
4 (the windows / clean / every two weeks)
5 (this room / not / use / very much)
6 (we / allow / to park here?)
7 (how / this word / pronounce?)
The office is cleaned every day
…………………………………………………………………
How often are these rooms cleaned?
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….

Sentences 8-14 are past.

8 (the office / clean / yesterday)
9 (the house / paint / last month)
10 (my phone / steal / a few days ago)
11 (I / not / wake up / by the noise)
12 (how / these windows / break?)
13 (you / invite / to Jon's party last week?)
The office was cleaned yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
2. be done being done been done

❖ Infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu) (modal verbs, future simple, going to, V + to-infinitive…)

❖ Present perfect (hiện tại hoàn thành)

❖ Present continuous (hiện tại tiếp diễn)

Dịch các câu sau ra tiếng Anh:

1. Xe đạp của tôi vừa mới bị ăn trộm. → ………………………………………………………………..…….
2. Xe hơi của tôi đang được sửa ở gara. → ……………………………………………………………….….
3. Trong tương lai, giấy và bút sẽ không được sử dụng. → ………………………………………………….
4. Cái email này có được gửi đến mọi người chưa? → ……………………………………………………...

Exercise 5
What's happening?

1. The car …………………………………….. 3. The windows .………………………………..

2. A bridge…………………………………….. 4. The grass ……………………………………..

Exercise 6
Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous
(is/are being...) or the present perfect (has/have been ...).
 The office is being cleaned.
1 (the office / clean) .................................................................................................................
The shirts have been ironed.
2 (the shirts / iron) ....................................................................................................................
3 (the window / break) .............................................................................................................
4 (the roof / repair) ..................................................................................................................
5 (the car / damage) ................................................................................................................
6 (the houses / knock / down) .................................................................................................
7 (the trees / cut / down) ..........................................................................................................
8 (they / invite / to a party) ........................................................................................................

Exercise 7
Complete these sentences. Use the following verbs in the passive:

knock delay carry keep know make

1 A decision will not ………………………….. until the next meeting.

2 These documents are important. They should always ………………………… in a safe place.
3 The injured man couldn’t walk and must ………………………………….…..
4 I’m not sure what time I’ll arrive tomorrow. I may ………………………………………..
5 A new school is being built. The old one is going to ………………………………… down.
6 The election is next Sunday. The full results will ……………………………………… on Tuesday.

Exercise 8
Complete the sentences with present, past or future passive verbs.
1 I can't use my office at the moment. It …………………………. (paint).
2 We didn't go to the party. We ………………………….. (not/invite).
3 The washing machine was broken, but it's OK now. It .......................................................(repair).
4 The washing machine........................................................... (repair) yesterday afternoon.
5 A factory is a place where things..............................................................(make).
6 How old are these houses? When.............................................................(they/build)?
7 A: .................................................................. (the photocopier / use) at the moment?
B: No, you can go ahead and use it.
8 I've never seen these flowers before. What .........................................................(they/call)?
9 My sunglasses................................................................(steal) at the beach yesterday.
10 The bridge is closed at the moment. It ..........................................................(damage) last week and
it ............................................................... (not/repair) yet.
11 Last night, two men ......................................... in a fight in a nightclub. (kill)
12 In the future, all our work .......................................... by machines. (do)
13 Nowadays, English ............................................. as a second language by millions of people. (speak)
14 This computer ............................................ in Japan. (make)
15 The new road ............................................ in July next year. (open)
16 Diamonds ............................................. in several countries in Africa. (find)

Exercise 9
Match the sentence halves to make passive sentences and questions.

Exercise 10
Complete the article with the correct present or past passive form of the verbs in brackets.