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1. Normal visual sensation in the absence of complete visual perception is best illustrated
by
A) prosopagnosia.
B) priming.
C) the difference threshold.
D) sensory adaptation.
2. The process of detecting and encoding stimulus energies by the sensory receptors and
the nervous system is called
A) priming.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) top-down processing.
D) sensation.
3. Jake's excellent peripheral vision enabled him to detect a brief flash of light far to his
left, even though he couldn't recognize what he had seen. His experience best illustrates
A) top-down processing.
B) prosopagnosia.
C) sensation.
D) priming.
4. Perception is the process by which

A) stimulus energies are detected.
B) stimulus energies are transformed into neural activity.
C) sensory input is organized and interpreted.
D) nerve cells respond to specific features of a stimulus.
5. Recognizing an odor as the familiar smell of apple blossoms is an example of

A) perception.
B) prosopagnosia.
C) sensory adaptation.
D) subliminal stimulation.
6. Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

A) encoding; detection
B) detection; interpretation
C) interpretation; organization
D) organization; accommodation
Page 1
7. Hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ________ as recognizing the
sound sequence as a familiar melody is to ________.
A) absolute threshold; difference threshold
B) sensory adaptation; signal detection
C) signal detection; sensory adaptation
D) sensation; perception
8. Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the

A) hypothalamus.
B) sensory receptors.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) absolute threshold.
9. Berdine has developed cataracts in both eyes, preventing her from being able to identify
even her mother's face. Berdine most clearly is deficient in
A) priming.
B) perceptual set.
C) bottom-up processing.
10. Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes is called

A) prosopagnosia.
B) signal detection.
D) transduction.
11. Patients who have negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure may
experience increased postoperative pain. This best illustrates the importance of
A) subliminal stimulation.
C) difference thresholds.
D) top-down processing.
12. Three steps that are basic to all sensory systems include the ________ of information to
the brain.
A) adaptation, stimulation, and detection
B) receiving, transforming, and delivering
C) priming, tracking, and masking
D) signal detection, transduction, and sensory adaptation
Page 2
13. Which of the following represents the first of three steps basic to all sensory systems?
A) forming perceptual sets
B) delivering neural information to the brain
C) receiving sensory stimulation
D) transforming stimulus energies into neural impulses
14. The process by which our sensory systems transform stimulus energies into neural
impulses is called
A) priming.
C) transduction.
D) signal detection.
15. The conversion of a fresh coffee aroma into neural impulses by sensory receptor cells
best illustrates
A) top-down processing.
B) transduction.
D) priming.
16. Pain receptors trigger neural impulses in response to a sprain or a burn. This illustrates
A) priming.
B) transduction.
C) subliminal stimulation.
17. The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of
the time is called the
A) masking stimulus.
B) just noticeable difference.
C) perceptual set.
D) absolute threshold.
18. Which early scientist and philosopher was the first to refer to our awareness of very
faint stimuli as an indication of our absolute thresholds?
A) Anthony Greenwald
B) Gustav Fechner
C) Dennis Proffitt
D) Ernst Weber
Page 3
19. During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that
Mr. Antall could hardly detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall's
A) perceptual set.
B) absolute threshold.
C) prosopagnosia.
D) difference threshold.
20. If a partially deaf person's hearing ability ________, his or her absolute threshold for
sound ________.
A) improves; remains unchanged
B) worsens; decreases
C) worsens; remains unchanged
D) improves; decreases
21. Which theory predicts when we will first notice a faint stimulus presented amid
competing background stimulation?
A) place theory
B) frequency theory
C) signal detection theory
D) opponent-process theory
22. Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level
of that person's absolute thresholds?
A) signal detection theory
B) frequency theory
C) opponent-process theory
D) place theory
23. Which theory would suggest that watching a horror movie late at night could lower your
absolute threshold for sound as you subsequently tried to fall asleep?
A) place theory
B) opponent-process theory
C) frequency theory
D) signal detection theory
Page 4
24. Lonely, anxious people at speed-dating events respond with a ________ threshold, and
thus tend to be ________ in reaching out to potential dates.
A) low; unselective
B) high; unselective
C) low; overly selective
D) high; overly selective
25. A subliminal message is one that is presented

A) below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
B) in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive.
C) with very soft background music.
D) repetitiously.
26. Priming refers to the activation of certain

A) conscious motives.
B) difference thresholds.
C) nerve cells.
D) associations.
27. In experiments, an image is quickly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus
that inhibits conscious perception of the original image. In these experiments, the
researchers are studying the effects of
A) sensory adaptation.
B) the just noticeable difference.
C) priming.
D) prosopagnosia.
28. After a photo of a nude man or woman was flashed and immediately masked before
being perceived, people's attention was unconsciously drawn to images in a way that
reflected their
A) perceptual set.
B) absolute threshold.
C) sexual orientation.
Page 5
29. Tyler formed a positive first impression of a new teacher because her facial expressions
triggered memories of his favorite aunt. This best illustrates the impact of
A) priming.
B) prosopagnosia.
D) Weber's law.
30. People's response to subliminal priming indicates that

A) they are capable of processing information without any conscious awareness of
doing so.
B) their unconscious mind is incapable of resisting subliminally presented
suggestions.
C) they are more sensitive to subliminal sounds than to subliminal sights.
D) they experience a sense of discomfort whenever they are exposed to subliminal
stimuli.
31. Subliminally presented stimuli

A) can sometimes be consciously perceived.
B) effectively influence purchases of consumer goods.
C) increase our absolute thresholds for visual images.
D) are usually mentally processed as completely as any other stimuli.
32. Which of the following strategies best illustrates the use of subliminal stimulation?
A) A store plays a musical soundtrack in which a faint and imperceptible verbal
warning against shoplifting is repeated frequently.
B) The laughter of a studio audience is dubbed into the soundtrack of a televised
situation comedy.
C) A radio advertiser repeatedly smacks her lips before biting into a candy bar.
D) An unseen television narrator repeatedly suggests that you are thirsty while a cold
drink is visually displayed on the screen.
33. Experiments evaluating the impact of subliminal messages for improving memory
indicated that they
A) interfere with people's capacity for sensory adaptation.
B) did not help more than a placebo.
C) improve people's capacity for transduction.
D) have a positive long-lasting impact on people's health.
Page 6
34. The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the
time is called
A) signal detection.
B) the absolute threshold.
C) perceptual set.
D) the just noticeable difference.
35. Jennifer can tune her guitar more effectively than Maria because Jennifer is better at
detecting whether specific strings are playing too sharp or too flat. With respect to tone
sensitivity, Maria apparently has a ________ threshold than does Jennifer.
A) lower absolute
B) higher absolute
C) smaller difference
D) larger difference
36. The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum proportion for their
difference to be perceived is known as
A) prosopagnosia.
B) Weber's law.
C) signal detection.
37. Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make
Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier.
This best illustrates
A) bottom-up processing.
B) perceptual set.
D) Weber's law.
38. Sensory adaptation refers to

A) the process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural impulses.
B) diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
C) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
D) the effect of our expectations on perception.
Page 7
39. After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how
loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates
A) Weber's law.
B) subliminal stimulation.
D) prosopagnosia.
40. The constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to

A) focus the light on the back of our eyes.
B) adjust the amount of light entering our eyes.
C) minimize sensory adaptation.
D) do all of these things.
41. After gazing at an angry face, you immediately turn to look at a morphed blend of an
angry and a scared face. The face appears scared to you. This best illustrates the impact
of
A) Weber's law.
C) subliminal sensation.
D) prosopagnosia.
42. A perceptual set refers to

A) an unnoticed image that activates certain associated memories.
B) an inability to recognize familiar faces or voices.
C) a diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
D) a mental predisposition that influences what we perceive.
43. After learning that her new college roommate had experienced several depressive
episodes during her high school years, Erin incorrectly perceived her roommate's
laughter as artificial and phony. This best illustrates the impact of
A) difference thresholds.
B) perceptual set.
C) subliminal persuasion.
D) prosopagnosia.
Page 8
44. When researchers added a few drops of vinegar to a brand-name beer, the beer tasters
disliked it only if they had been told they were drinking vinegar-laced beer. This best
illustrates the impact of
B) prosopagnosia.
C) perceptual set.
45. After hearing rumors about the outbreak of an infectious disease, Alyosha began to
perceive his normal aches and pains as disease-related symptoms. His reaction best
illustrates the impact of
C) subliminal stimulation.
D) perceptual set.
46. The tendency to perceive a moving light in the night sky as belonging to an airplane
rather than a meteor best illustrates the impact of
A) signal detection.
C) perceptual set.
D) bottom-up processing.
47. A concept that helps us to interpret ambiguous sensations is called a

B) schema.
C) signal detector.
D) masking stimulus.
48. The influence of schemas on our interpretations of unfamiliar information best

illustrates
A) context effects.
B) top-down processing.
C) bottom-up processing.
Page 9
49. Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the
behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is
most similar to a
A) signal detector.
C) perceptual set.
50. Visual perceptions of objects often change when the objects are viewed in different
surroundings. This best illustrates
A) prosopagnosia.
B) Weber's law.
C) context effects.
51. In one study, a pictured woman was perceived by some as balancing a box on her head
and by others as sitting under a window. The study best illustrated that perceptions are
influenced by
B) masking stimuli.
C) context effects.
D) subliminal sensation.
52. Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry professor several times a week, she didn't
recognize the professor when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the
importance of
A) bottom-up processing.
B) context effects.
C) priming.
53. When Rick learned that many students had received a failing grade on the midterm
exam, he was no longer disappointed by his C grade. His experience best illustrates the
importance of
B) subliminal sensation.
C) context effects.
D) masking stimuli.
Page 10
54. While listening to sad rather than happy music, people are more likely to perceive a
spoken word as mourning rather than morning. This best illustrates that perception is
influenced by
B) subliminal stimuli.
C) Weber's law.
55. Scary-sounding music accompanied a movie scene in which mountain climbers scaled a
steep slope. The fact that the music made the climbing appear more dangerous to
viewers illustrates that perceptions are influenced by
A) emotion.
C) prosopagnosia.
56. A softball may appear smaller to batters who are discouraged by their poor performance
than to batters who are hitting well. This best illustrates that perceptions are influenced
by
A) Weber's law.
B) emotion.
D) absolute thresholds.
57. To those throwing a very heavy rather than a light object at a target, the target is likely
to be perceived as
A) softer.
B) slower moving.
C) larger.
D) farther away.
58. We may perceive a bottle of fruit juice as less expensive when we are most thirsty. This
best illustrates that perceptions are influenced by
A) subliminal stimulation.
B) masking stimuli.
D) motivation.
Page 11
59. Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as the color ________
and the shortest visible waves as ________.
A) blue-violet; red
B) red; green
C) red; blue-violet
D) black; white
60. The wavelength of visible light determines its

A) relative luminance.
B) amplitude.
C) difference threshold.
D) hue.
61. The perceived brightness of visible light waves is determined by their

A) relative motion.
B) difference threshold.
C) amplitude.
D) frequency.
62. Brightness is to intensity as hue is to

A) amplitude.
B) color.
C) pitch.
D) wavelength.
63. For her birthday, Amy received flowers that had a dull red appearance. Compared with
the entire range of visible light waves, the flowers reflected relatively ________
frequency and ________ amplitude light waves.
A) high; small
B) high; great
C) low; small
D) low; great
64. Light first enters the eye through the front surface structure known as the
A) fovea.
B) pupil.
C) cornea.
D) retina.
Page 12
65. The pupil is the
A) adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.
B) transparent structure that focuses light rays in a process called accommodation.
C) light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing both rods and cones.
D) central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.
66. The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

A) iris.
B) retina.
C) optic nerve.
D) feature detectors.
67. Which process allows more light to reach the retina?

A) accommodation of the lens
B) transduction of the blind spot
C) dilation of the pupil
D) perceptual adaptation of feature detectors
68. The colored muscle that constricts when you feel disgust or enter a dark room is the
A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) retina.
D) fovea.
69. Paul is feeling romantic toward his wife. She is most likely to detect his interest in her
by changes in the appearance of his eyes caused by
A) accommodation of the lens.
B) dilation of the pupils.
C) increased retinal disparity.
D) disappearance of the blind spot.
70. Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curve and thickness of the
A) rods and cones.
B) lens.
C) bipolar cells.
D) optic nerve.
Page 13
71. Accommodation refers to the
A) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
B) quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation.
C) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages.
D) process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina.
72. Which of the following is the correct order in which the retina's neural layers process
visual stimulation?
A) ganglion cells, rods and cones, bipolar cells
B) rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells
C) bipolar cells, ganglion cells, rods and cones
D) rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
73. Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?
A) ganglion cells
B) bipolar cells
C) rods and cones
D) feature detectors
74. Neural impulses are transmitted to bipolar cells when light energy enters the eye and
triggers ________ in the rods and cones.
A) top-down processing
B) constriction
C) accommodation
D) chemical changes
75. The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

A) the lens.
B) bipolar cells.
C) the cornea.
D) the optic nerve.
76. The blind spot is located in the area of the retina

A) called the fovea.
B) that contains rods but no cones.
C) where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
D) where bipolar cells connect with ganglion cells.
Page 14
77. The fovea refers to
A) the outer protective surface of the eye.
B) a colored muscle that adjusts light intake.
C) an area of the thalamus that receives information from the optic nerve.
D) the central focal point in the retina.
78. Objects to your ________ would be most likely to fall into your right eye's blind spot
because the blind spot is located on the side of each retina that is ________ to the nose.
A) right; closest
B) left; closest
C) right; farthest
D) left; farthest
79. The direct link between a single cone and a single ________ preserves the fine details in
the cone's message.
A) rod
B) ganglion cell
C) blind spot
D) bipolar cell
80. Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of
light?
A) rods
B) cones
C) bipolar cells
D) feature detectors
81. Rods are

A) more light-sensitive and more color-sensitive than are cones.
B) less light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones.
C) more light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones.
D) less light-sensitive and more color-sensitive than are cones.
82. Damage to the fovea would probably have the LEAST effect on visual sensitivity to
________ stimuli.
A) brilliantly colored
B) finely detailed
C) dimly illuminated
D) highly familiar
Page 15
83. When a power outage shut off the lights in her house late one night, Shelly could see
very little. But within 20 minutes she could see quite well in the dark due to
A) visual afterimages.
B) retinal disparity.
C) pupil dilation.
D) color constancy.
84. The encoding and analysis of visual information begin within the neural layers of the
A) lens.
B) optic nerve.
C) retina.
D) thalamus.
85. When we are exposed to the narrow band of wavelengths visible to the human eye, we
see a red object as red because it rejects waves of
A) blue-violet light.
B) red light.
C) green light.
D) yellow light.
86. A genetically sex-linked characteristic accounts for the greater incidence of

A) retinal disparity among females than among males.
B) visual afterimages among males than among females.
C) accommodation among females than among males.
D) color-deficient vision among males than among females.
87. Who first hypothesized that the eye must have three different types of color receptors,
with each especially sensitive to one of the three primary colors?
A) Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk
B) David Hubel and Torsten Weisel
C) Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz
D) John Locke and William Molyneux
88. Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and
still others to blue light is most directly supportive of
A) place theory.
B) the Young-Helmholtz theory.
C) Kant's theory.
D) the opponent-process theory.
Page 16
89. According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, when both red-sensitive and green-sensitive
cones are stimulated simultaneously, a person should see
A) red.
B) yellow.
C) blue.
D) green.
90. Who first proposed the opponent-process theory of color vision?

A) Isaac Newton
B) Ewald Hering
C) Adelbert Ames
D) Herman von Helmholtz
91. Ewald Hering found a clue to the mystery of color vision in

A) blindsight.
B) afterimages.
C) retinal disparity.
D) the Moon illusion.
92. When most people stare first at a blue circle and then shift their eyes to a white surface,
the afterimage of the circle appears
A) yellow.
B) red.
C) green.
D) blue.
93. People with color-deficient vision for red and green may still see yellow. This is most
easily explained by
A) the Young-Helmholtz theory.
B) Locke's theory.
C) frequency theory.
D) the opponent-process theory.
94. Opponent-process cells have been located in the

A) retina and the thalamus.
B) cornea and the lens.
C) lens and the retina.
D) thalamus and the hypothalamus.
Page 17
95. According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are turned “on” by
A) green light are turned “off” by blue light.
B) yellow light are turned “off” by red light.
C) green light are turned “off” by red light.
D) red light are turned “off” by blue light.
96. The processing of color begins with the activation of ________, followed by the
activation of ________.
A) opponent-process cells; cells sensitive to one of the three colors red, yellow, or
blue
B) cells sensitive to one of the three colors red, yellow, or blue; opponent-process
cells
C) opponent-process cells; cells sensitive to one of the three colors red, green, or blue
D) cells sensitive to one of the three colors red, green, or blue; opponent-process cells
97. Visual information is processed by

A) feature detectors before it is processed by rods and cones.
B) ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors.
C) bipolar cells before it is processed by rods and cones.
D) feature detectors before it is processed by bipolar cells.
98. The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Wiesel consist of

A) nerve cells in the brain.
B) rods and cones.
C) bipolar cells.
D) ganglion cells.
99. The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Wiesel respond to specific aspects of
A) a visual scene.
B) a musical recording.
C) pain sensations.
D) familiar odors.
100. When we look at a clock showing 8 A.M., certain brain cells in our visual cortex are
more responsive than when the hands show 10 A.M. This is most indicative of
A) retinal disparity.
B) feature detection.
C) perceptual adaptation.
D) accommodation.
Page 18
101. Teams of neurons in the temporal lobe enable us to identify a familiar chair by
recognizing its unique visual patterns. These neural teams have been called
A) optic nerves.
B) ganglion cells.
C) supercell clusters.
D) bipolar cells.
102. An area of the brain dedicated to the specialized task of recognizing faces is located in
the right ________ lobe.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) temporal
103. Simultaneously analyzing distinct subunits of information received by different areas of

the brain is known as
A) interposition.
B) perceptual adaptation.
C) parallel processing.
D) feature detection.
104. The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a
song best illustrates
B) accommodation.
D) parallel processing.
105. The human ability to speedily recognize familiar objects best illustrates the value of
A) closure.
B) afterimages.
106. Certain stroke victims report seeing nothing when shown a series of sticks, yet they are
able to correctly report whether the sticks are vertical or horizontal. This best illustrates
C) accommodation.
D) blindsight.
Page 19
107. People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their
A) cornea.
B) lens.
C) fovea.
D) visual cortex.
108. Early in the twentieth century, a group of German psychologists noticed that people tend
to organize a cluster of sensations into a(n)
A) parallel process.
B) monocular cue.
C) afterimage.
D) gestalt.
109. A gestalt is best described as a(n)

A) binocular cue.
B) illusion.
C) organized whole.
D) linear perspective.
110. Our shifting perceptions of a Necker cube best illustrate the importance of
A) blindsight.
111. The organizational rules identified by Gestalt psychologists illustrate that

A) perception is the same as sensation.
B) we learn to perceive the world through experience.
C) the perceived whole may exceed the sum of its parts.
D) sensation has no effect on perception.
112. The perception of an object as distinct from its surroundings is called

A) linear perspective.
B) perceptual constancy.
C) figure-ground perception.
D) interposition.
Page 20
113. Visually perceiving words as distinct from the surrounding white paper on which they
are printed best illustrates
B) figure-ground perception.
C) visual afterimage.
D) perceptual adaptation.
114. As the airplane descended for a landing, the pilot saw several beautiful islands that
appeared to float in a vast expanse of blue ocean water. In this instance, the ocean is a
A) figure.
B) binocular cue.
C) ground.
115. Figure is to ground as ________ is to ________.

A) form; substance
B) looking up; looking down
C) sensation; perception
D) a white cloud; blue sky
116. The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called
A) interposition.
B) perceptual constancy.
C) proximity.
D) closure.
117. Carmella, Jorge, and Gail were all sitting behind the same bowling lane, so Ruth
perceived that they were all members of the same bowling team. This best illustrates the
organizational principle of
A) proximity.
B) interposition.
C) closure.
D) continuity.
118. The principles of continuity and closure best illustrate that

A) sensations are organized into meaningful patterns.
B) perception is the direct product of sensation.
C) cultural experiences shape perception.
D) visual information is especially likely to capture our attention.
Page 21
119. The perception of the letter “t” as two intersecting lines rather than as four
nonintersecting lines illustrates the principle of
A) linear perspective.
B) proximity.
C) closure.
D) continuity.
120. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as a
whole object is called
A) interposition.
B) closure.
C) continuity.
D) proximity.
121. Although a few keys on the piano were broken, Shana mentally filled in the missing
notes of the familiar melodies. This best illustrates the principle of
A) proximity.
B) closure.
C) blindsight.
D) interposition.
122. When hearing the words “eel is on the wagon,” you would likely perceive the first word
as “wheel.” Given “eel is on the orange,” you would likely perceive the first word as
“peel.” This context effect best illustrates the organizational principle of
A) proximity.
B) interposition.
C) closure.
D) accommodation.
123. The ability to see objects in three dimensions is most essential for making judgments of
A) continuity.
B) distance.
C) relative luminance.
D) color constancy.
Page 22
124. When Kristy saw her mother and sister running toward her, she quickly recognized that
her sister was running ahead of her mother. This best illustrates Kristy's capacity for
B) closure.
C) depth perception.
D) relative luminance.
125. The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants.
A) size constancy
B) accommodation
C) depth perception
D) perceptual adaptation
126. Caroline wonders whether her 10-month-old daughter can perceive depth well enough
to avoid crawling over the edge of a tall platform in her church auditorium. Researchers
could safely assess her daughter's perceptual ability using
A) a visual afterimage.
B) a Necker cube.
C) a visual cliff.
D) the Moon illusion.
127. Infants who were exposed to the visual cliff

A) tried to climb up the cliff if their mother was at the top.
B) gave no evidence that they could perceive depth.
C) refused to cross the glass over the cliff to their mothers.
D) eagerly crossed to their mothers by means of the “bridge” provided.
128. Retinal disparity is an important cue for

A) perceiving color.
B) shape constancy.
C) perceiving distance.
D) brightness constancy.
129. Retinal disparity refers to the

A) tendency to see parallel lines as coming together in the distance.
B) tendency to see stimuli that are near each other as parts of a unified object.
C) somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object.
D) inability to distinguish figure from ground.
Page 23
130. Holding two index fingers in front of the eyes can create the perception of a floating
finger sausage. This best illustrates the effect of
A) relative height.
C) interposition.
131. John has more difficulty hitting baseballs that are pitched to him than his classmates do
because he was born blind in his right eye. His difficulty can best be attributed to his
lack of the depth cue known as
A) proximity.
B) interposition.
132. Indicators of distance such as interposition and linear perspective are

A) visual cliffs.
B) feature detectors.
C) monocular cues.
D) cataracts.
133. Relative height is a cue involving our perception of objects higher in our field of vision
as
A) brighter.
B) farther away.
C) hazier.
D) smaller.
134. If you stared at a house to you walked down a street, the trees in front of the house
would appear to be moving
A) in the opposite direction to you, and the trees behind the house would appear to be
moving in the opposite direction as you.
B) in the same direction as you, and the trees behind the house would appear to be
moving in the opposite direction to you.
C) in the same direction as you, and the trees behind the house would appear to be
moving in the same direction as you.
D) in the opposite direction to you, and the trees behind the house would appear to be
moving in the same direction as you.
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135. If two objects are assumed to be the same size, the object that casts the smaller retinal
image is perceived to be
A) moving faster.
B) less hazy.
C) more distant.
D) closer.
136. As the farmer looked across her field, the parallel rows of young corn plants appeared to
converge in the distance. This provided her with a distance cue known as
A) proximity.
B) linear perspective.
C) closure.
D) continuity.
137. The monocular depth cue in which an object blocking another object is perceived as
closer is
A) interposition.
B) relative height.
C) continuity.
138. Which of the following is a cue used by artists to convey depth on a flat canvas?
A) proximity
B) continuity
C) interposition
D) closure
139. Our assumption that light typically comes from above us contributes most directly to the
importance of ________ as a monocular cue for depth perception.
A) interposition
B) retinal disparity
C) light and shadow
D) linear perspective
140. Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change is
known as
A) interposition.
B) blindsight.
C) perceptual constancy.
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141. Our capacity for perceptual constancy even as illumination and retinal image change
illustrates the importance of
B) proximity.
D) blindsight.
142. Color constancy refers to the fact that

A) light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting.
B) objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes.
C) the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness.
D) the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength.
143. To experience color constancy, we should view things

A) from very short distances.
B) for long periods of time.
C) under low levels of illumination.
D) in relation to surrounding objects.
144. Jody's horse looks just as black in the brilliant sunlight as it does in the dim light of the
stable. This illustrates what is known as
A) interposition.
B) accommodation.
C) brightness constancy.
D) continuity.
145. Brightness constancy is most clearly facilitated by

A) proximity.
B) interposition.
D) retinal disparity.
146. The amount of light reflected by an object relative to the amount reflected by
surrounding objects is called
A) continuity.
B) interposition.
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147. Although college textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students
typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of
A) size constancy.
B) linear perspective.
C) shape constancy.
D) binocular cues.
148. As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that
the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the importance of
B) size constancy.
C) closure.
D) relative motion.
149. The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived
A) shape.
B) color.
C) distance.
D) motion.
150. If two objects cast retinal images of the same size, the object that appears to be closer is
perceived as ________ the object that appears to be more distant.
A) overlapping
B) smaller than
C) larger than
D) the same size as
151. Because she mistakenly thought she was much closer to the mountain than she actually
was, Fiona perceived the mountain to be ________ than it actually was.
A) higher
B) smaller
C) more richly colorful
D) larger
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152. When the Moon is near the horizon, it appears larger than when it is high in the sky.
This effect is primarily a result of
A) the slightly dimmer appearance of the horizon Moon.
B) the scattering of the horizon Moon's light waves, which penetrate the atmosphere at
an angle.
C) monocular distance cues, which make the horizon Moon seem farther away.
D) the brighter appearance of the horizon Moon.
153. Knowing about the effects of the perceived distance of objects on their perceived size
helps us to understand
A) the Moon illusion.
B) blindsight.
C) shape constancy.
154. The tendency to hear the steady drip of a leaky sink faucet as if it were a repeating
rhythm of two or more beats best illustrates
A) interposition.
B) perceptual organization.
155. Who emphasized that perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing
sensory experience?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) Aristotle
C) John Locke
D) Sigmund Freud
156. The ability of newborn infants to perceive depth best serves to support the views of
A) John Locke.
B) Immanuel Kant.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Aristotle.
157. The philosopher John Locke believed that people

A) learn to perceive the world through experience.
B) are endowed at birth with perceptual skills.
C) perceive whole figures as greater than the sum of their parts.
D) are unable to adapt to an inverted visual world.
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158. John Locke is to Immanuel Kant as ________ is to ________.
A) figure; ground
B) perception; sensation
C) nurture; nature
D) experience; learning
159. Lenore had been blind from birth. Immediately after corrective eye surgery, she could
visually perceive figure-ground relationships. This fact would serve to support the
position advanced by
A) Immanuel Kant.
B) Thomas Young.
C) Ewald Hering.
D) John Locke.
160. If an adult who was blind from birth gains the ability to see, that person would have the
greatest difficulty visually distinguishing
A) ice cubes from golf balls.
B) the Sun from the Moon.
C) red from green.
D) a white cloud from the blue sky.
161. A clouding of the lens of the eye is called a

A) blind spot.
B) cataract.
C) visual cliff.
D) gestalt.
162. Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years
old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to
A) have lost visual receptor cells in her eyes.
B) be unable to perceive figure-ground relationships.
C) have inadequate neural connections in her visual cortex.
D) be unable to sense colors.
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163. Sensory restriction is much more likely to hinder visual development in early infancy
than during other times of life. This suggests that there is a(n) ________ for normal
visual development.
A) difference threshold
B) accommodation
C) critical period
D) blind spot
164. The ability to adjust to changed sensory input is called

B) accommodation.
D) shape constancy.
165. Research with distorting goggles best supports the view of human perception advanced
by
A) John Locke.
B) Hermann von Helmholtz.
C) Immanuel Kant.
D) Ewald Hering.
166. Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects
20 degrees to his right, after a short practice time Lars was still able to play tennis very
effectively. This best illustrates the value of
B) shape constancy.
167. Our sense of hearing is known as

A) the vestibular sense.
B) kinesthesia.
C) audition.
D) tinnitus.
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168. The process of transforming air pressure waves into neural messages that the brain
interprets as meaningful sound is known as
A) sensory interaction.
B) the vestibular sense.
C) kinesthesia.
D) audition.
169. The loudness of sounds is determined by the ________ of sound waves.

A) length
B) telepathy
C) amplitude
D) frequency
170. The high notes on a piano always produce ________ sound waves than the low notes.
A) greater-amplitude
B) smaller-amplitude
C) higher-frequency
D) lower-frequency
171. High-frequency sound waves are to ________ as low-frequency sound waves are to
________.
A) a loud voice; a soft voice
B) a high-pitched voice; a low-pitched voice
C) a soft voice; a loud voice
D) a low-pitched voice; a high-pitched voice
172. The absolute threshold for hearing is defined as zero

A) decibels.
B) amps.
C) ESPs.
D) hertz.
173. An 80-decibel sound is ________ times more intense than a 60-decibel sound.
A) 2
B) 10
C) 20
D) 100
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174. Eardrum vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the
A) vestibular sacs.
B) inner ear.
C) cochlea.
D) middle ear.
175. The bones of the middle ear relay vibrations received from the
A) cochlea.
B) eardrum.
C) vestibular sacs.
D) semicircular canals.
176. Eardrum vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea by a piston consisting of

A) protruding hair cells.
B) the basilar membrane.
C) the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
D) vestibular sacs.
177. The surface of the basilar membrane is lined with

A) hair cells.
B) olfactory receptors.
C) nociceptors.
D) decibels.
178. The cochlea consists of

A) interconnected nerve fibers in the spinal cord.
B) a fluid-filled tube in the inner ear.
C) olfactory receptor cells at the top of each nasal cavity.
D) neural networks located within each temporal lobe.
179. On the way to the temporal lobe's auditory cortex, neural impulses from the auditory
nerve are first relayed to the
A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) hippocampus.
D) hypothalamus.
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180. Damage to the hair cells lining the basilar membrane is most likely to result in
A) phantom limb sensations.
B) conduction hearing loss.
C) loss of the sense of balance.
D) sensorineural hearing loss.
181. As a rock musician who has experienced prolonged exposure to high-amplitude sounds,
Rodney is beginning to lose his hearing. It is most likely that this hearing loss involves
problems in the
A) auditory canal.
B) eardrum.
C) tiny bones of the middle ear.
D) cochlea.
182. Joe Wilson, age 55, has been told by experts that he has conduction hearing loss. It is
likely that Joe's hearing loss involves problems in the
A) inner ear.
B) middle ear.
C) auditory nerve.
D) basilar membrane.
183. Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause
A) dissociation.
B) sensorineural hearing loss.
C) phantom limb sensations.
D) conduction hearing loss.
184. Ringing of the ears after exposure to loud music is most likely to be caused by damage
to
A) nociceptors.
B) hair cells.
C) cochlear implants.
D) bipolar cells.
185. A cochlear implant converts sounds into

A) decibels.
B) electrical signals.
C) air pressure changes.
D) fluid vibrations.
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186. The greatest number of hair cells lining the basilar membrane are activated in response
to ________ sound waves.
A) great-amplitude
B) small-amplitude
C) high-frequency
D) low-frequency
187. Place theory suggests that

A) structures in the inner ear provide us with a sense of the position of our body in
space.
B) we have a system for sensing the position and movement of the various parts of our
body.
C) we can locate the place from which a sound is emitted because of the distance
between our ears.
D) the pitch we hear is related to the place where the cochlea's basilar membrane is
stimulated.
188. Place theory was first proposed by

A) Ronald Melzack.
B) Hermann von Helmholtz.
C) Ernst Hilgard.
D) Harry McGurk.
189. After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a
noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best
explained by the ________ theory.
A) gate-control
B) frequency
C) dissociation
D) place
190. According to place theory, the perception of

A) low-pitched sounds is associated with large vibrations of the eardrum closest to the
oval window.
B) high-pitched sounds is associated with large vibrations of the eardrum closest to the
oval window.
C) low-pitched sounds is associated with large vibrations of the basilar membrane
closest to the oval window.
D) high-pitched sounds is associated with large vibrations of the basilar membrane
closest to the oval window.
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191. Which of the following best explains how we perceive very low-pitched sounds?
A) place theory
B) volley principle
C) frequency theory
D) dissociation theory
192. Individual nerve cells increase the frequency of neural impulses in the auditory nerve by
firing in rapid succession. This is said to illustrate
A) gate-control theory.
B) the McGurk effect.
C) the volley principle.
193. The volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of

A) touch.
B) taste.
C) pain.
D) pitch.
194. Some combination of place theory and frequency theory appears to be most necessary in
accounting for how we sense
A) high-frequency sound waves.
B) intermediate-frequency sound waves.
C) low-frequency sound waves.
D) low-amplitude sound waves.
195. A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately
A) locating sounds.
B) detecting pitch.
C) recognizing rhythms.
D) judging amplitude.
196. Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ________ of a sound.
A) pitch
B) loudness
C) location
D) amplitude
Page 35
197. The barn owl's right ear opens slightly upward, while its left ear opens slightly
downward. This difference enables the owl to detect the ________ of a sound.
A) pitch
B) location
C) loudness
D) amplitude
198. Infant rats deprived of their mothers' grooming touch produce

A) less growth hormone and have a higher metabolic rate.
B) more growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate.
C) less growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate.
D) more growth hormone and have a higher metabolic rate.
199. Premature human babies gain weight faster if they are stimulated by
A) blinking lights.
B) rhythmic sounds.
C) hand massage.
D) phantom limb sensations.
200. The sense of touch includes the four basic sensations of

A) pleasure, pain, warmth, and cold.
B) pain, pressure, hot, and cold.
C) wetness, pain, hot, and cold.
D) pressure, pain, warmth, and cold.
201. Stroking adjacent pressure spots is most likely to trigger a sense of

A) being tickled.
B) itchiness.
C) tinnitus.
D) synesthesia.
202. A sensual leg caress evokes a different somatosensory cortex response when a
heterosexual man believes it comes from an attractive woman rather than a man. This
best illustrates the impact of ________ on our brain's sensory response.
A) kinesthesia
B) nociceptors
C) psychokinesis
D) cognition
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203. Men's sense of hearing tends to be ________ sensitive than women's, and women are
________ pain sensitive than men.
A) more; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) less; more
204. Sensory receptors in our skin that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals are
called
A) vestibular sacs.
B) hair cells.
C) nociceptors.
D) olfactory nerves.
205. In response to a harmful stimulus, ________ initiate neural impulses leading to the
sensation of pain.
A) endorphins
B) nociceptors
C) olfactory bulbs
D) the semicircular canals
206. Which theory suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain
signals from reaching the brain?
A) place theory
B) dissociation theory
C) gate-control theory
D) frequency theory
207. The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve
fibers activate and open a neural gate in the
A) basilar membrane.
B) semicircular canals.
C) olfactory bulb.
D) spinal cord.
Page 37
208. According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your
physical aches and pains by causing the
A) release of painkilling endorphins in your muscles.
B) activation of large nerve fibers in your spinal cord.
C) the release of adrenaline into your bloodstream.
D) deactivation of the pain receptors on the surface of your skin.
209. After losing his left hand in an accident, Jack continued to experience pain in his
nonexistent hand. His experience illustrates
A) dissociation.
D) the McGurk effect.
210. The brain, responding to the absence of auditory stimulation, may amplify irrelevant
neural activity to produce
A) tinnitus.
B) kinesthesia.
C) sensory interaction.
D) psychokinesis.
211. After painful medical procedures, people's memory snapshots tend to overlook
A) the final moments of pain associated with the procedure.
B) the peak moments of pain associated with the procedure.
C) the total duration of the pain associated with the procedure.
D) all of these periods of pain.
212. Before eating their fifth and final piece of chocolate, experimental participants were told
that it was their “next” piece or that it was their “last” piece. Those told that it was their
“last” piece liked it ________ and rated the whole experiment as ________ enjoyable
than those told it was their “next” piece.
A) less; less
B) better; less
C) less; more
D) better; more
Page 38
213. During the mid-1980s, pockets of Australian keyboard operators suffered outbreaks of
severe pain while typing. Their pain could not be attributed to any discernible physical
abnormalities. This best illustrates the role of ________ in the perception of pain.
A) phantom limb sensations
B) psychokinesis
C) social-cultural influences
D) dissociation
214. An integrated understanding of pain control in terms of mental distraction, the release of
endorphins, and the presence of empathic caregivers is most clearly provided by
A) parapsychology.
B) dissociation theory.
C) a biopsychosocial approach.
D) the volley principle.
215. The biopsychosocial approach to pain is likely to emphasize the importance of both
A) top-down and bottom-up processing.
B) frequency and place theories.
C) kinesthesia and psychokinesis.
D) telepathy and clairvoyance.
216. The brain's release of endorphins reduces

A) pain.
B) tinnitus.
C) kinesthesia.
D) sensory interaction.
217. After receiving a placebo said to reduce the pain of her sprained ankle, Suzie is most
likely to respond with a(n) ________ in her brain's release of ________,
A) decrease; nociceptors
B) decrease; endorphins
C) increase; nociceptors
D) increase; endorphins
Page 39
218. Stan continued playing with minimal pain during the closing quarter of an exciting
collegiate football game even though he had suffered a severe ankle sprain when he was
tackled. It is likely that Stan's pain was psychologically minimized by ________ and
physically minimized by the brain's release of ________.
A) synesthesia; nociceptors
B) distraction; endorphins
C) synesthesia; endorphins
D) distraction; nociceptors
219. For burn victims, a computer-generated virtual reality can help to control pain by means
of
A) synesthesia.
B) thought distraction.
D) kinesthesia.
220. Hypnosis involves a state of

A) increased physical stamina.
B) heightened openness to suggestion.
C) improved perceptual skills.
D) elevated physical arousal.
221. Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that

A) very few people can actually be hypnotized.
B) people who are most easily hypnotized usually have difficulty paying attention to
their own personal thoughts and feelings.
C) how well a person responds to hypnotic suggestion depends primarily on the skill
and experience of the hypnotist.
D) people who are highly responsive to hypnotic induction are especially imaginative.
222. In surgical experiments, hypnotized patients have required ________ medication and
they have recovered ________ than patients in unhypnotized control groups.
A) less; sooner
B) more; later
C) less; no sooner
D) more; no sooner
Page 40
223. One theory suggests that hypnosis simply involves getting caught up in role-playing the
feelings and behaviors appropriate for “good hypnotic subjects.” This theory
emphasizes that hypnosis is a form of
A) dissociation.
B) synesthesia.
C) social influence.
D) phantom limb sensation.
224. Suppose that unhypnotized adults who are encouraged to behave like children act just as
genuinely childlike as hypnotized adults who are encouraged to act in a childlike
manner. This fact would most clearly support the view that hypnosis involves
A) precognition.
B) social influence.
C) psychokinesis.
D) dissociation.
225. A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet
separately from other thoughts is called
A) embodied cognition.
B) dissociation.
C) extrasensory perception.
D) posthypnotic suggestion.
226. The claim that hypnotic phenomena occur outside our normal awareness is associated
with the theory that hypnosis involves
B) dissociation.
C) synesthesia.
D) role playing.
227. People hypnotized for pain relief may show brain activity in areas that receive sensory
information but not in areas that normally process pain-related information. This fact
most clearly supports
A) place theory.
C) the volley principle.
D) dissociation theory.
Page 41
228. A posthypnotic suggestion is made ________ a hypnosis session and intended to be
carried out in the future when the subject is ________.
A) after; once again hypnotized
B) during; once again hypnotized
C) after; no longer hypnotized
D) during; no longer hypnotized
229. One plausible theory suggests that hypnotic pain relief may result from
A) selective attention.
B) stereophonic hearing.
C) extrasensory perception.
230. Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during
the next few days he would feel nauseated whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's
therapist was attempting to make use of
A) the volley principle.
B) posthypnotic suggestion.
C) the McGurk effect.
231. Our sense of taste was once thought to involve only the four sensations of
A) sweet, salty, starch, and bitter.
B) salty, fatty, bitter, and sweet.
C) sour, bitter, sweet, and starchy.
D) bitter, sweet, sour, and salty.
232. The taste sensation umami is most likely to attract us to foods that are
A) sweet.
B) bitter.
C) starchy.
D) rich in protein.
233. The sense of ________ is a chemical sense.

A) taste
B) kinesthesia
C) equilibrium
D) pain
Page 42
234. Sensory receptor cells that project antenna-like hairs are located within
A) the eardrum.
B) phantom limbs.
C) taste buds.
D) nociceptors.
235. Receptor cells for our sense of ________ reproduce themselves every week or two.
A) body position
B) hearing
C) taste
D) equilibrium
236. The same brand of chocolate truffles tasted better to Julia when she thought they cost
$20 a pound than when she thought they cost half that much. This best illustrates the
impact of
A) the volley principle.
B) top-down processing.
C) synesthesia.
D) precognition.
237. The sense of smell is known as

A) telepathy.
B) the vestibular sense.
C) transduction.
D) olfaction.
238. Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense?

A) kinesthesia
B) audition
C) equilibrium
D) smell
239. Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your
home?
A) nociceptors
B) olfactory receptors
C) vestibular sacs
D) the basilar membrane
Page 43
240. Messages from olfactory receptor cells are NOT relayed to the
A) limbic system.
B) thalamus.
C) temporal lobes.
D) olfactory bulb.
241. The olfactory receptors are activated by

A) nociceptors.
B) phantom limb sensations.
C) airborne molecules.
D) the basilar membrane.
242. Information from the taste buds travels to an area of the

A) frontal lobe.
B) parietal lobe.
C) occipital lobe.
D) temporal lobe.
243. Pleasant memories are most likely to be evoked by exposure to

A) bright colors.
B) soft touches.
C) fragrant odors.
D) loud sounds.
244. Our sense of the position and movement of individual body parts is called
A) the vestibular sense.
B) olfaction.
C) kinesthesia.
245. Receptor cells for kinesthesia are located in the

A) temporal lobe.
B) tendons, joints, and muscles.
C) olfactory bulb.
D) auditory nerve.
Page 44
246. Sensing the position and movement of your pitching arm while throwing a fastball best
illustrates
A) synesthesia.
B) kinesthesia.
C) psychokinesis.
D) the volley principle.
247. The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to

A) hearing.
B) kinesthesia.
C) the vestibular sense.
D) dissociation.
248. Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a
thrilling roller coaster ride?
A) olfactory receptors
B) nociceptors
C) basilar membranes
D) semicircular canals
249. Tiny hair-like receptors that monitor the tilting of your head are located in the
A) temporal lobe.
B) tendons, joints, and muscles.
C) olfactory bulb.
D) vestibular sacs.
250. During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever
severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time, your food all seems to taste the
same. This illustrates the importance of
A) sensory interaction.
B) kinesthesia.
C) tinnitus.
D) dissociation.
251. The McGurk effect best illustrates

B) anosmia.
C) tinnitus.
Page 45
252. When sounds were accompanied by a puff of air on people's neck or hands, they more
often misheard airless sounds such as ba or da as pa or ta. This best illustrates
A) synesthesia.
B) psychokinesis.
C) sensory interaction.
D) kinesthesia.
253. The influence of our physical gestures on our psychological preferences is said to be an
indication of
B) dissociation.
C) psychokinesis.
254. The interconnection of brain circuits that process sensory experiences with brain circuits
responsible for abstract thinking contributes to what psychologists call
A) parapsychology.
B) embodied cognition.
C) precognition.
D) kinesthesia.
255. After holding a warm drink rather than a cold one, people are more likely to rate others
more warmly. This best illustrates
A) the McGurk effect.
B) psychokinesis.
C) synesthesia.
D) embodied cognition.
256. When holding a soft ball, American students become more likely to categorize a face as
a Democrat than as a Republican. This best illustrates
A) the McGurk effect.
B) embodied cognition.
C) synesthesia.
D) dissociation.
Page 46
257. If hikers perceive a hill as steeper when carrying heavy backpacks rather than light
backpacks, this would best illustrate
B) synesthesia.
D) psychokinesis.
258. When put in a foul-smelling rather than a pleasant-smelling room, members of a jury
perceived immoral acts such as stealing as more disgusting. This best illustrates the
importance of
A) dissociation.
C) embodied cognition.
D) synesthesia.
259. For some people, hearing certain sounds may activate color-sensitive regions of the
cortex so as to trigger a sensation of color. This phenomenon is called
A) tinnitus.
B) telepathy.
C) synesthesia.
D) kinesthesia.
260. Psychics' suggestions that perception can occur apart from sensory input involve claims
for the existence of
B) posthypnotic suggestion.
C) synesthesia.
D) ESP.
261. Telepathy refers to the

A) extrasensory transmission of thoughts from one mind to another.
B) extrasensory perception of events that occur at places remote to the perceiver.
C) perception of future events, such as a person's fate.
D) ability to understand and share the emotions of another person.
Page 47
262. Jamal claims that his special psychic powers enable him to perceive exactly where the
body of a recent murder victim is secretly buried. Jamal is claiming to possess the power
of
A) psychokinesis.
B) precognition.
C) telepathy.
D) clairvoyance.
263. The extrasensory ability to perceive an automobile accident taking place in a distant
location is to ________ as the extrasensory ability to know at any moment exactly what
your best friend is thinking is to ________.
A) telepathy; precognition
B) precognition; psychokinesis
C) psychokinesis; clairvoyance
D) clairvoyance; telepathy
264. Margo insists that her dreams frequently enable her to perceive and predict future
events. Margo is claiming to possess the power of
A) telepathy.
B) clairvoyance.
C) precognition.
D) psychokinesis.
265. Andre claims that he can make a broken watch begin to run again simply by entering a
state of intense mental concentration. Andre is claiming to possess the power of
A) precognition.
B) telepathy.
C) clairvoyance.
D) psychokinesis.
266. Parapsychology refers to the

A) study of phenomena such as ESP and psychokinesis.
B) study of perceptual illusions.
C) study of synesthesia.
D) direct transmission of thoughts from one mind to another.
Page 48
267. Psychics who have worked with police departments in an effort to solve difficult crimes
have demonstrated the value of
A) clairvoyance.
B) telepathy.
C) precognition.
D) none of these things.
268. The existence of convincing scientific evidence that ESP is possible would pose the
greatest challenge to the
A) contemporary scientific understanding of human nature.
B) continued existence of parapsychology.
C) continuation of research on the processes that underlie ordinary forms of sensation
and perception.
D) ordinary belief systems of most Americans.
269. The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the

A) inability to subject claims of ESP to scientific testing.
B) lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon.
C) willingness of many experts to accept fraudulent evidence.
D) difficulty of persuading many ordinary people that there really is such a thing as
ESP.
Page 49
Answer Key
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. D
12. B
13. C
14. C
15. B
16. B
17. D
18. B
19. B
20. D
21. C
22. A
23. D
24. A
25. A
26. D
27. C
28. C
29. A
30. A
31. A
32. A
33. B
34. D
35. D
36. B
37. D
38. B
39. C
40. C
41. B
42. D
43. B
44. C
Page 50
45. D
46. C
47. B
48. B
49. C
50. C
51. C
52. B
53. C
54. D
55. A
56. B
57. D
58. D
59. C
60. D
61. C
62. D
63. C
64. C
65. A
66. A
67. C
68. B
69. B
70. B
71. D
72. D
73. C
74. D
75. D
76. C
77. D
78. A
79. D
80. B
81. C
82. C
83. C
84. C
85. B
86. D
87. C
88. B
89. B
90. B
Page 51
91. B
92. A
93. D
94. A
95. C
96. D
97. B
98. A
99. A
100. B
101. C
102. D
103. C
104. D
105. D
106. D
107. D
108. D
109. C
110. D
111. C
112. C
113. B
114. C
115. D
116. C
117. A
118. A
119. D
120. B
121. B
122. C
123. B
124. C
125. C
126. C
127. C
128. C
129. C
130. B
131. C
132. C
133. B
134. D
135. C
136. B
Page 52
137. A
138. C
139. C
140. C
141. C
142. B
143. D
144. C
145. C
146. D
147. C
148. B
149. C
150. B
151. B
152. C
153. A
154. B
155. A
156. B
157. A
158. C
159. A
160. A
161. B
162. C
163. C
164. C
165. A
166. D
167. C
168. D
169. C
170. C
171. B
172. A
173. D
174. D
175. B
176. C
177. A
178. B
179. A
180. D
181. D
182. B
Page 53
183. D
184. B
185. B
186. A
187. D
188. B
189. D
190. D
191. C
192. C
193. D
194. B
195. A
196. C
197. B
198. C
199. C
200. D
201. A
202. D
203. D
204. C
205. B
206. C
207. D
208. B
209. C
210. A
211. C
212. D
213. C
214. C
215. A
216. A
217. D
218. B
219. B
220. B
221. D
222. A
223. C
224. B
225. B
226. B
227. D
228. D
Page 54
229. A
230. B
231. D
232. D
233. A
234. C
235. C
236. B
237. D
238. D
239. B
240. B
241. C
242. D
243. C
244. C
245. B
246. B
247. C
248. D
249. D
250. A
251. D
252. C
253. A
254. B
255. D
256. D
257. A
258. C
259. C
260. D
261. A
262. D
263. D
264. C
265. D
266. A
267. D
268. A
269. B
Page 55
Another random document with
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Met duizel en gloeiing van woede in z’n hoofd, ging ie terug. Z’n
kinder-poppig gezicht stond stram. In giftige vegen rukte ie door z’n
baard, bisschoppelijk-zilver op kielblauw.
Tot laat in den avond bleven de jongens op ’t land. Als wisten ze van
geen ophouen en vermoeienis. Dirk neuriede zachtjes, want nou,
t’met over ’n half uurtje zag ie z’n meid.
Overal op de akkers van bollen en tuinderij stond nog werkvolk te

wroeten in den grond, koppen gebukt naar de aarde, nekken
weggediept achter groote zonnehoedranden. Soms in halsheffing
even, keken wat verbronsde koppen òp, staarden lichtende oogen
rond, in ’t wije akkerland. Dàn weer vóórt, in kruip, of hurk, hakkend,
kervend, wiedend, over den groen-lichtenden grond, altijd gezichten
néér, in strakken loer naar ’t gewas, handenparen, groot en woest in
grabbel, tot zonnevuur wegzonk en koelende scheemring over de
velden doolde, stil en wijd, den nacht in. [284]
[Inhoud]
TIENDE HOOFDSTUK.
Om den hoek van Wiereland, waar dorp Duinkijk begon, poortte,

recht voor landgoed van jonkheer van Ouwenaar, ’n beukenlaan,
prachtig in bloei. Rondom stonden de lommerende moestuinen,
groenende boomgaarden, innig-zonnige, klooster-stille hofjes en
wilde boschplekken, woest opgroeiend hakhout vóór en tusschen
weibrokken, in heidergroene, wondre glorie te gouddampen in ’t licht.
In den Mei-ochtend straalde wonderteer, goudglanzing door de

beukenlaan, schaduwkoel en omboogd in gothischen takgroei. En
diep, diep, aan laan-end, naar het voortuinbrok van den jonkheer,
schitterde op lichtrookenden achtergrond van goudgroen,
zondoordoopte bladerenpracht, vonkerend in zonnegoud.
Diep-poortig neigde ’t siergroen van beukenlaan in takkenpracht,

naar elkaar toe, en daaronder bloeiden jonge meidoornhagen, als
lichtgroene betrofeede wanden van glans, doorrookt van sappige
bloesemgeuren, waarachter weer ooft- en moestuinen aroomden,
met hun zwaàr beladen vruchtboomen. Als àfglanzend fijn
goudwaas, lichtten de hagen zàchter glans terug, op ’t donkere
beschaduwde boomgroen van beukenlaan, er boven dichtgegroeid
in geheim-stille pracht. En hoog, van af Duinkijk-weg, tot diep in de
laan naàr ’t landgoed, stond tusschen elken boom, in goud-groene
vochtsfeer van zoelende zoete Mei gedoopt, ’n rooie beuk, geweldig
hoog opschietend, met brons-goud van blaren, hooger, al hooger,
vergloeiend in bloedrooden tooi, met suizelende toppen, doorvlamd
van zon; diep prachtvuur van wijnrooden gloed, wuivend ’t zalige
wije, [285]trillende luchtblauw in. Zoo, hoog geheven, boven gothische
laan, die donkergroende in koelend lommer, uit de aarde òpgoudde
met wazende wanden van zacht licht,—zoo bloedde in karmijnen
zang, om tooversfeer van getemperden gouden poortschemer, de
rooie beukenbrand in luchtegloed.—
En ver, perspektivisch verkleind, ’t vóórbosch van Van Ouwenaar’s

landgoed, met z’n hooge, goud-groene grot, oplichtend uit ’t
laanlommer, door de zon erin gegraven. Langzaam nu en dan,
schommelden in de beukenlaan, uit dwarspaden en
wegkrommingen, boerenkarren en wagens áán, langzaam, onder de
koele schaduwgroene poort, tot ze op ’t eind inplasten, paardpooten,
schommelkar en al, in de dicht rookende zonnegrot; plasten daar, in
zuiver dampend goud, met ’n warreling nog van takkenschaduw,
splinterend fijne silhouetjes, op karkrat en achterbinten, van vèr,
vlietend te zien.
Gouïg-licht tentwagentje reed luchtig door laandiepe poort, en plots

aan ’t eind, ook dàt plaste weg in lichtgrot, als verdrinkend in
zonnedamp, dook weer òp in nauwen wegkronkel, met stille vaste
naschittering van z’n hoogen, gouen rug en verpaarste kap.
Gloed-teer straalde Meizon, in trillende glorie op ’t witte pleister van

tuinmanshuis, van de laan uit te zien als fellichtende reuzige krijtvlek,
schitter-ver, blauwig afdampend waasglans, bijzij uithoekend naast
de goudgroene grot, zonneplas van vóórbosch. Over grondje van
beukenlaan, éven zonnend paars-rood beschemerd, sprankelden en
flonkerden grillige zonspatten, door bladerengaatjes neergepijld in
gebroken glans, verdampend als fijn paars-blank licht. En tusschen
de verdonkerende beukenstammen aan weerszij, zweefde fijn
schaduwleven, zacht violet-teer, verkoelde de lichtnevel, waar
insekten in zoemden en slierten, sòms met glans-strependen
dwarrel, dàn drijvend in stilstaande vleugeltrilling op goud
uitpoeierende lucht.
Heel de laan, met haar beuken-rood voorspel van hooge karmijnen

sier, rood, smachtend roode regen van ruischend licht, naast goud-
doorkoortsten groenen bladerentooi, door elkaar [286]heengeslingerd
in takkenpracht, goud-poortte daar, in wondre luistering naar
Meigroene lied, naar streel-lichte, lokkende vogelen; minne-gevloei
van zilveren zangetjes overal uit de lucht, de zoet-geurende, zalige
lucht. En rondomme, ’t zoet-zachte gekwinkeleer uit de zilveren
gorgeltjes van zanglijsters en leeuw’rik de lokkende zangaanloopjes
van parelende minneliedjes, eindloos zoet, wiegend gestreel van
fijne vlei-fluitjes.
Zoo, in Mei-droom vloeide koele, groene schemer uit en in de

beukenpoort, als voorhof van ’t landgoed, met z’n grot van
fonteinende, opspritsende zonnevlammen aan ’t eind, heet vloeiend
goud, waar alles naar toe dreef, alles in verdronk en verdampte.
Langs Wiereland en Duinkijk, overal uit de tuinderijen, op vervlakten

duingrond, tusschen bedden groenten en aardbeien in, harpten in
wonderteere standen de vruchtboompjes, bebloesemd, rose
sneeuwig en purperend blank, zoet bruidswit, doorvlekt van
scheutjes rose, maagdelijk teer. Stil harpten hun takken en stil, de
knoestig dikke, fijn-groen bemoste stammetjes stonden daar,
omjoeld van lichtend groen, in hun broos bloesemleven, in roerloos
gepeins, over eigen vruchtbare schoonheid. Overal, rond de
vruchtboompjes, uit de tuinen, wasemde òp, kruiig kittelend aroma
van versche groenten, sappige gistigheid, zoete seringen,
verwaaiende in koelen windwuif, geurgevloei langs akkers en
wegjes. En van overal, kastanjebloesem en jasmijnen zongen méé
in den zoeten wellustzang van zacht-rookige geuren uit tulpen en
hyacinten-akkers.
De tulpen stonden er met hun vlam-kelken open, te duizelen, diep in

het licht. Eén felle duizel van kleuren, tulpenbrand, die het land te
schroeien lei in laaiende kleuren. Langs de akkers, op weg naar
Zeekijk, waar de duinen eerst heel aan ’t eind, vaag opgolfden in
violet waas, aan twee kanten, schoten telkens vooruit, tulpenvelden
en hyacint-akkers. Maar ’t dichtst om Wiereland, ver van hoogduin,
tusschen de bewerkte, vlakke tuinderijteelt, rijden ààn, nuancen van
paars kleurleven, en witte, zacht golvende hyacinten-zee. [287]Het
licht stond er voor te beven, te sidderen, kroop en boorde driftig in de
kelken, als hommeltong in honingmerk, bruiste er rond, dronken-
zwaar van geuren, smolt er in het bloemaroom. Heele zeebrokken
paars, op licht groen bladerloof, golfden áán, zangerige symfonie
van licht, naar àl dieper blauwpaars, tot plots in anderen akker, de
vloed terugsprong in donkere deining van rood, tusschen
schuimenden sneeuwval van witte hyacinten, midden in. En rond die
blanke lawine, op doorschijnend loofgroen, dat te flitsen zilverde in
zon, bronzen, kaneel-doorpoeierde kleuringen, wulpsch-roze, zoete
brand van roodbruin en lila. Stoetjes van uitrookende geur-klokken,
legende-doorwaasde feeërie, kleurfestijn in ’t sprokenland.…
Rondom, één wijde aanspoeling, aangolving van kleur-klokjes, die

sidderden, zwollen in ’t zonnegoud, brand van bloemen, in al
gamma’s; kleurwemel die koortsend te zingen, te ijlen lag onder
azuren lichtteeren Meihemel.—
Maar feller nog, rond half-verdorde hyacinten, festijnden met hun

rook-rooden adem, de grootere, fellere kleurenbrand van tulpen, die
lichtfeest vierden pas. Als een orgie van vlammen, kroop, sloeg,
rilde, leefde, ijlde ’t licht dáár op de aarde.
Héél-stille groene hoeken, stil van sappige moestuinteelt, in

Meizoeten toon, aan greppels en beekoevertjes, in lentepraal
volgestrooid met druipglanzende boterbloempjes, omzoend van
onschuld-madeliefjes met d’r gele koontjes, naïeve kijkertjes,
halsjes-rekkend uit ’t malsche grasgroen, tusschen de fijn geschulpte
akkerhoorn,—heel die stille hoekjes, teer wit, broos wit,
sneeuwspatjes rond gouên vonken in ’t klare groen,—lagen plots
verdrongen door vlammenbrand van tulpen, helsch-hevig en
schroeiblakerend, als levende kleurkreet; vermiljoen, daar
aangeblazen tot hellevuur in kelken, vlammen die in wondren brand,
zichzelf styleerden in levend spel van vonklijnen, uitlekten en rank
weer òpgroeiden tot flonkerende wijnschalen, op blauw-waas van
loof, grijs-zacht bedauwd. Heel de bosschage, duin-woest, op hooge
glooiingen uitgegroeid boomgroen, wild hakhout, met z’n sier van
roze en witte koekoek, z’n blanke lafenis van vloeiend vogelenmelk,
z’n slanke waterster,—lag [288]daar, als weggeslagen en verdoft
achter de kleurkreten der tulpen. Tulpen van spattend vuur, kelken
wijd-open, waar invloeide schuimende zomer-wijn, borrelde bruisend
in de roemers, boordevol geschonken, dat de zonnedrank als
lichtvocht er droop over de kelkranden.
En vlak daarnaast, erover, ertusschen, duizelden kleurgamma’s van

hoog goudgeel, en goud-gloeiende honigkelken, die bruisten en
vonkten, vlak tegen het rooie tulpenvuur, in rondsidderenden,
zengenden gang langs den grond. En verder, weer akkers, vol
donkerend tulpenpurper, als in verdoofden zwijmel uitgedroesemd,
met enkele schalen slank er boven uit, stengelende, lichtende
kelken, er nog tusschen, als schitterende roemers, hoog geheven in
het laaiende licht, dat er bruisend in vervonkte en spatte als
schuimende zonnewijn. En rond daarom weer, als nooit eindigende
zee, aangolving van nog donkerder kelken, rood doordauwde tulpen,
wazig geplooid in half uitknoppende bloem, waar al driftig het
zonnegoud tegen opspatte, de beschulpte randjes verterend in
gloed.—Daarachter weer koraal-rood gevlam, met ertegen
opgedrongen, diep gele en witte lawines van lichtende, luiende
kleurklokken.… En heel apart, als vreemde, zoetste, tooverende
akkersier, in geheim-zachten geur, die er boven bleef drijven als
nevel, tulpen van teederst zangerig lila. Kelken, uitgeschulpt in ’t
fijnste rose, blankig doorroomd. Kelken, hoog en groot, als omblazen
in waas van venetiaansch glas, met rond-dwalende weerschijnen,
besluierd teer-blauw, en roze-rood hier, wazig en blank purper daàr,
fijn gebogen in stengelsier. Ver van het helsche demonenrood, het
gillende vuur, waarin het licht gepijnigd bruiste, dìe akkers met hun
teeren kelkenbouw, uitgegroeid als glanzig uitwaaierend spel van
venetiaansche roemers, doorwaasd in kleurmist. Koel en toch
vonkend, broos, teeder en toch rank-sterk, zonder brio-brand,
doorgeurd en zwemmend onder den nevel van hun eigen zoetsten
gouden honinggeur, als temperend de ijlende lichtkoorts van de
rondomme vlammen-akkers.—
En vreemd, in ’t lage land, met z’n vochtdamp en prachtig

[289]mistend lichtzilver, gloeide daar overal van tulpen, rooie, gele,
paarse brand; kleuraangolving van narcissen en hyacinten, zònder
oplossing in ’t lichtende, heldere schitter-innige weigroen, en de
goud doordampte stille achtergronden van vervlakt duin, zònder rust
in ’t avondnevelige waterland, met z’n goudvocht en trillende
vloersen.—
Als was daverende stoet Oosterlingen neergestort en verpulverd op

de lage landen, als had titanische vulkaan-ruk één heet kleur-
doordoopt brok zuideraarde uitgeslingerd en weggespoten, midden
in den verbluften Hollandschen Mei, met z’n malsche wei-groening
en grazige zoetheid, zoo onopgelost bleven daar gloeien de
bollenakkers, helsch opengebarsten brand, uit eerst koesterend
groen van prachtig sierloof.
[Inhoud]
II.
In festoenen hing zoo de Meidag te tooveren, was wintergrauw in
Wiereland weggezakt, goudde ’t licht, schooner soms waar geen
bollenakkers te koortsen geurden, in de tuinen, op stille laantjes en
paadjes; lichtgesprenkel van zon, splinterend rond drommen,
goudgroen boomblaar. Omjubeld van licht en kleur stonden de
landwerkers in den Meidag, in pracht van werkgebaar, op de groene
akkers, warm-rood en blauw bekield, in ’t opene zonneveld of
kleurschemerend tusschen rijzenpaadjes.
Plots kwam Meimaand weifelen, verstierf de goudpracht van de

jubelende dagen. Als in zatten wellust leien de bollenakkers elken
dag weer hun geuren uit te hijgen, tusschen het geploeter der kerels,
die niets meer zagen van kleurpracht rondom. Plots was daar,
dampige horizon aangewaasd, wuifden wolkenslierten als reuzige
veeren, berkenzilverend den hemel door, trok grijzig luchtspel uit zee
áán. ’t Groen dreef in tintige wazen, en Hollandsch-ijl, dampte er
weer gebroken licht door ’t landschap.
De kleurlyriek van Mei donkerde àl zwaarder weg, achter luchtgrauw

en zilverende gevaarten. Hengelaars, éven achter [290]Wierelandsch
haventje, in polderbegin, stonden onrustig aan de rustieke
weidammetjes in ’t watervlak te turen, dat soms schitterspatte,
zilvervloeiend en rimpelend, of stug terugkaatste wolkdreigende
regenlucht, ontzaglijk welvend over polderruimte, waar het stille zilte
licht, wijd-neergeplast, nattig glansde over veld en wei. ’s Avonds
vooral, lei Wierelandsche polder, stil en oneindig, steeg er dampige
watergeur uit de kronkelende plassen, soms éven lichtelijk doortint
van avondrood, ging er koele rietfluister langs slootjes en kwaakte er
stijgende kikkerzang uit de droomerige, innige oevertjes. Vochtig en
doorzilverd wasemden de dagen daar uit. Soms droef plots, in ’t
verguurde weer, eenzaamden boven fort en dijken, vage
kerktorentjes, als violette puntjes op horizonrond. En zacht, in
wissel-licht, schemerden de avonden weer aan, ruischte en
fonteinde ’t riet, teer en geheimvol, als fluisterend van nog komende
zoete Mei-verlangens; doofde droomerig, op kleine sloepjes en
schuitjes, weggegroend tusschen slootkantjes en pluimriet, de
kleuren en tinten stil uit. En áánwieken kwam in breede zeilvlucht en
zwier, ’n ooievaar door de eenzaame polderlucht, steeg aan anderen
kant òp, van donkerende weivlakte, klein leeuwerikbeestje,
uitparelend hóóg, zoeten zang, als gewiegde toontjes van fluitlied,
stijgend in jubel, doorslierd van zilveren klankjes, tègen het late
wolkenspel in, al hooger zwevend tusschen oneindigheid van
donkerend weigroen en wijd-eenzame avondlucht.
Er ging gemor onder de tuinders van Wiereland en omtrek.

Snerpende vorst hield ’s nachts aan. Wat jonge groente stond gelig,
blad-verdord, doorspoeld van regen en ’s nachts vroren fijne
vruchtbloesems dood. Schade, schade van allen kant. Nergens
meer schoot ’t gewas de aarde uit. Alles klefde en modderde vuil.
Overal was geloer van angstige tuinderskoppen naar den grond, op
de bedden, angstig gekijk naar onheil en schade. ’t Weer bleef
dreigen kil, en windguurte vlijmde langs de akkers, de kerels in ’t
gezicht, dat hun handen soms krampten in kou-onmacht.
—Da sel main ’n loatertje worre, gromden ze tegen elkaar, [291]in

nood voor hun oogst. Mee klaagden de kweekers, die bang waren
voor hun bollen.
Aan Duinkijk, naar zee, stond ’n groepje tuinders te praten, met één
kerel op den akker.
—Daa’s puur bot afspronge van alle weer, zei dof ’n lange uit ’t
stoetje.
—Daa’s net, de vorst hep hier huishoue.… kaik t’met alle

blommetjes dood op die oarbai-bedde.… en kaik die frambose.… die
appele!.… die pruime!.… kaik kaik! die peere! d’r is kwoalik veur vier
duite meer àn!
Stil liep ’t stoetje door, bleef de werker op z’n akkers, zorgelijk turend
naar z’n bedden en vruchtboomen.
Dagen op dagen bleef regen drenken en vorst door de aarde killen,

vunsde er vocht uit regengrond, dampig en nattig. Onrustig joegen
de tuinders elkaar òp in hun verborgen angst. Dat was nog nooit
gezien, zoo slechte maand.
Toen plots, sloeg Meiweer òm, kwam goudpracht weer lichten in

goudgroenen gloed over het volgedromde boomenstedeke en dorp.
—Heel vroeg in de ochtenden, blankte en purperde de
bloesempracht van vruchtboomen weer, als nooit te voren.
Uit de beukenlaan liep ’n lange, magere tuinder met de zeis op den

rug, zilveren bliksems vlijmend en flitsend boven z’n hoofd, als
zenboom bewoog op z’n krommige schouers. Achter dichtgegroeide,
begroende rijzenlaantjes met erwten, op de akkers, klonk klare
mannestem, zangerig en diep, in de hooge gouen lichtglorie en
morgenblauwte, tusschen zang van kerse-diefjes, alt-volle
melodiëerende merels en nachtegaalslag, schuchter, toch vloeiend.
Eén wild getjirp en getjilp, fluiterig gedraal van zoet-lokkende
lentezangetjes en geluidjes, waar doorhéén galmde, in vibreerende
sonore diepte, de menschenstem, verborgen achter ’t groen van
vruchtboomen en haag, dat ’t daverde door de zoet-geurende
zonneruimte. Overal harpte takkensier in moestuinen, en weelde-
bloeseming. De groene hagedoorn stroomde van licht, en op al de
labyrinthpaadjes en laantjes verjubelde groen-goud, lagen hoog
doorzond, de doodstille wegjes in den reinen Meiglans om
Wiereland, volgestrooid en doorwaaid met [292]zoetsten geur, licht-
bedroesemend in zwijmel. In pracht van stilte en licht, stond ’t wilde
hakhout rondom te dauw-druppen, en bladergroen te zwemmen in
zonnegoud. Wondere lentelicht dauwde en vloeide er, één
sneeuwing van maagde-blank uit de vruchtboompjes, in hun
mystieke gratie van heerlijken takgroei, geheimvol neigende
standen, als spraken ze ’n taal van zachte tinten, gebukt onder het
zware, vrucht-sappige leven. De boomen en boompjes, van noot,
morel, peer, appel en pruim dààr, harpten in bruidswit,
bloesemsneeuw, in blankste gamma, overwaaid met goudstof dat er
van kapellenvleugels poeiert, blank-ijl, in het dansende dronken
geurlicht. De bloesemen erop, breed-uit in takwiegeling, als stille
glans-ruikers van heilige pracht, toch beschroomd in hun overvloed,
teer in hun maagde-adem, als verblankte bruidszielen, omstraald
door de Meitoortsen van goudglans.
Verwrongen de takken, de kleine verkromde stammetjes gebukt,

ernstig van vol leven dat ze droegen, stonden andere pereboompjes
weer als geheiligde kommuniekinders, in gewijde schittering, stil nu
en hoogblank, in het zachte groene land, roerloos. Tusschen die in
weer, op ’t doordauwde grasgefonkel rijden òp, zacht-rose
sneeuwige appelboompjes, als hooggegroeide boeketten, in zacht-
wadend goud; stammetjes, bescheiden teruggekrompen, als in angst
voor de zoete purpering van bloesemweelde. Weer andere, kleiner
en ranker, gebogen in bidhouding, heilige bekoring van groei, stil
gebaar van schoonheid, toch overzegend met lichtende bloeseming,
ònder de hoogeren, in luisterend leven. En overal van de paden, op
lichte koele wuifjes, zoelde ààn, geur van linden, kastanje en sering.
In wondre verjonging praalde het stugge grauwe winterstedeke weer,

van goudschemer en groen. Langs de weggetjes, woest gestruik bij
slooten, zeefde Meilicht, stonden hoogslanke, wilde waterboeketten,
fijnrose koekoek. Teere zilvering blankte langs de greppeling, woest
doorgroeide oeverbeekjes, hoog belommerd, met zilverend
pluimgras, riet, goud-gloeijende brem en doovenetel. Felle
boterbloempjes glansden als gepolijst; en overal [293]rondom,
hooggele toetjes en vlekjes van roze koekoek, even paars getoorts
van hondsdraf, laag gekruip van madeliefjes en akkerhoorn.—Soms
in de blanke Meimaand, uit de fijne darteling van lichtende glanzen
en deinende, brooze tinten, schoten òp hoog-roode papavers,
kopjes-wiegelend op slanke stengeling.
Ook de straatjes van Wiereland, nauwe kronkel van arbeiderswijkjes,

zwommen in bloeseming en geur, groenden in boomenpracht,
waaiden vol Meihoning en doordrènkende grasgeur. Overal waaide ’t
vol lichtjes en zonneflitsjes, vol goud-gevonk en lommering, zoemde
gevleugel van insekten en goudhaantjes, die aandreven als vurige
arabeske, in slingerende lijn door de lucht, vliegjes met groenstalige
schijnseltjes en goud-beschubde lijfjes.
Zoo bleef de Meiemaand rondgaan in ’t stedeke en dorpjes-zeeweg.

Door de tuinen en uitgebloeide bollenvelden, vergeurden de
seringen hun weemoedsgeur in avondrood, kwam ’t schemergoud in
nog heiliger nimbusval glanzen, roodblond en gloedloos, droom-teer,
als van bijbelschen boschbrand, niets verterend. ’t Licht verstierf
over de kleine, stille dorpshuisjes, even néervloeiend voor de
raampjes, plintjes, kozijnen, ze bewasemend vol rooden goudglans,
als staarden ze òp de ruitjes, naar de Zon, die wijd-plechtig verzonk,
in wolken van wond’re violet, en staartglans van pauwendauw.
[Inhoud]
III.
Loom slofte Kees den weg naar zee af, met doffen klomp-schuur,
zandwolken voor zich uitpoeierend. Eindelijk dan was ie bij de
sekretarie van Duinkijk, doodop van verveling en lanterfanterigheid.
In de zoete lenteavond-scheemring van weibrok, achter Van

Ouwenaar’s landgoed, vaagden vorm-fijn, twee stille, peinzende
paardjes, grazend in halslagen kop-hang. Avond was aangefloersd
in heilige rust. Overal rond droomden wazig, in duister dampig violet,
tonige bosschages, en hoog aan een zij van den [294]weg, dromden
dennen, donker op zwaar begroeide glooiingen, waarachter ver,
woeste duinstreek schemer-mistte, tusschen jachtgrond van Van
Ouwenaar, tot aan zee. Waziger in rust, dommelde andere tuinkant,
vlak-bewerkte moestuinderij, met ver, teer paars verschiet op
duingolvingen. Uit de pastorie, schuin over Kees woning, glansde
avondlampje op ’n kamer, roodzacht kapje, in goud-oranjen
lichtkring. Stil zat dominee in mijmer, in ’n rieten tuinstoel, aan den
weg. Sigaren-rook krulde wolkerig loom om z’n in schemer
verduisterd gezicht. Loome koe-gestalten, in de wei, vlak vooraan,
stapten over donkerend avondgroen gras, in loggen gang, stap voor
stap. Onder hun koppenduister raspte graas-geluid òp, ritseling in de
avondstilte, zacht als eerste haperende zeisslag van maaier.—
Kees voelde niets om ’m van de weirust. In ’m gromde wrok, driftige

lust om iets uit te schreeuwen. Hongerdrift was ’t die ’m wrevelde, en
verveling dat ie nog overal z’n kop stootte, wààr ie vroeg naar werk.
Tegen pluktijd, hooitijd, zou ’r misschien wat voor ’m zijn. Koortsige
drift jeukte er in ’m, om iemand te pakken, te ranselen, als ze ’m
maar een woord in den weg zouen leggen. Hij voelde, dat ie ’r gek
van zou worden, overal teruggestooten en tòch lachjes en
schampere lolgezegden over z’n niks doen. Op ’n bulterig brok
duinweg, uitgegraven voor tuinderij, vaagde ’n gestalte op de akkers,
donkerend.
Dat most kweekertje Reeker zijn.—Zou sain d’r nog erais veur ’t lest
vroage.
—G’noafed Reeker!.…
—G’noafed.… Kees nie?.… joa! Kees!.… zei Reeker. Zangerig-klaar

galmde z’n stem van de akkers in de scheem’ring.
—Mooi weer hee?.…
—Daa’s net.… fierkant somer.… wá’ doe jai nou?.…
—Ikke hep sien noa ’t onhail.… se hebbe d’r gister hier drie honderd
muise pakt.… da tuig.… freet wortel en bol op.… je sou se
kroàke!.…
Kees luisterde niet meer, stond even droomerig te turen ’t veld òver,
met een been op prikkeldraad. Boven een wijen [295]akkerhoek
vloeide nog wat geel hemellicht, met rooie teere sikkelveeren
doorwuifd.—De nacht dekte donkerder, al donkerder land en
boomen. Reekertje was opgeloopen, stond stil onder het gelige
luchtbrok, in het avondgedroefde, verzonken akkergroen, toch in
duistering van gestalte. Vol klonk Kees’ stem door avondstilte.
—He je t’met gain kerel noodig Reeker?
—Spait main, moar t’met ke’k nog mi main jonges besti of.… In de
pluk.… op tuin.… dan is ’t wá’ aers!.… Bai de groote hoal.… dàn
m’skien.… Moar nou.… ’t is niks daàn, hoor.… f’r wá’ hei je selfers
nie ’n lappie hee?.…
Kees stond te turen, in één houding, schemer-akkers op, waar stilte

wijd-om staarde.…
Wá’ nou.… vroeg die kerel naar de bekende weg?.… Wist ie nie dá’
t’r veur sain geen grond was?.…
—Wá’ nou?.… je wee tog suiver, dat t’r hoast niks niemedal grond
is.… en daa’k niks kraig sonder borg.… al ses.… wá’ ses?.… al tien
keer bi’k weest bai netoàris en bai alderlai volk hier.… moar vast niks
hoor!.… vast niks!.… d’r is nie één die goed wil stoan.… ka’ jai d’r
nie wá’ op finde?.…
Kees had nog wat ouë vriendschap met de Reekertjes. Vroeger had
ie veel vooral voor hèm gedaan bij strooptochten. Nou dacht ie, dat
dìe vent nog wel es wat helpen kon.… Maar „’t speet” Reekers weer
duivels. Stil wrokte de tuinder in zichzelf, dat ie d’r mee begonnen
was. Wat had ie te klesse mit soo’n hongerlijer.… die skooier!.… Nou
ja, vroeger,.. vroeger was vroeger! Toen most hai ook stroope.… Hai
borg?.… dá’ kon ie denke!.… Pas d’r self indroaid.… en dan
ankomme mit soo’n lid!.… Ieder most moar veur s’n aige sorge.…
sien dat tie ’r boven op kwam!.…
Zoo had ’t even stil, in z’n hoofd geredeneerd..
—Neenet Kees, aarzelde z’n stem in de starende schemerstilte van

akkers en straatweg.… dá’ wee je, aa’s ’k je pelsiere ken.… mi d’een
of den aêr.… groag!.… duufels groag!.… Moar borg stoan.… dá’
kennie.… Main waif sou me van veure d’rin, van achter d’ruit
trappe!.… Eenmoal [296]andermoal.… ik hep selfers kooters.… ikke
mó’ main aige rekenskap gaife!.… Eenmoal.… andermoal.… aa’s ’k
je pelsiere ken.… mi d’een of den aêr.… Groag!.. ik erinner main nog
bestig, dá’ je main vroeger.… veul vroeger.… te freete hep gaife.…
da je main op stroop.… wel van de twintig beesies.… tien hep
loate.… eenmoal andermoal Kees.… tjonge.… aa’s ’k wa hep!.…
moar.…
Kees tuurde weer in den akkerschemer, die stiller staarde, verder

naar duin.… Niks zei ie, maar ’t wrokte heet, heet van binnen.
Dá’ tuig! niks had d’een voor d’aêr over, of ze motte wete dat ’t vast
goed gong.… dan.… dan ha’ je je man.… Moar ’n kwinkwanker aa’s
hai, hellepe mi ’n lappie.… ’n skorem sonder rooie duit.… dá’ gong
nie.… Veur d’r aige siel en salighait poere.… Verder kon ieder d’r
krepeere.… wá’ tuig.… nie een die d’r noà je omkeek!.…
Baloorig was Kees doorgesloft, rhytmisch in klosgang langs de

wegstilte.—Stiller droomden de verdonkerde boomen in de
scheemring; ’t gele luchtbrok, boven den tuinder was verbleekt in
groenige vaalheid. Zoele geurtjes wuifden op windefluister aan, door
hakhout en gras. Zachter verzonken de akkers in ’t wije geduister, en
overal rondom ruischte het groote avondzwijgen van land en lanen.
Doodstille huisjes, ver van elkaar, verdoften in sluimerrust, glansden
in teer raampjesgoud van lamplicht, zacht droomrig, als heilige
kluisjes. Voor ’m lag de lange wilgenlaan naar zee in boomschemer,
waar dunne luchtstreep boven waasde, teer-groenig, heel ver.—
Vogeltjes kweelden en weedomden rondom, in zoete zangetjes,
zaligdroeve murmel van vleiende fluitertjes. En nu en dan zeilde ’n
zwaluw, vlak over z’n hoofd naar den grond, de duindonkering in.
Angst en wrevel kwam in z’n hart op, nou ie Wimpie ging zien.
Wrevel om de geloofsfratsen, al begonnen met de Vasten, en de
Maria-maand, Mei.—Woedend was ie geweest dat ’t mannetje den
goeien Vrijdag puur droog broodhomp had geslikkerbikt en niks
meer!—En dàn, dat snikken om z’n kruiske [297]op Asch-
Woensdag.… van stof mòakt.… tot stof sel je weerkeêre.…
Netuurlik!.… Skoàp!.… Wat ’n Paschen en Hemelvoartsdag ’t feur ’t
manneke weust was!
Was de pluktaid d’r moar;.… de oarebaie,.… de peule, de vroege

groentes!.… Wa sou die se smere!.… Femorge had ie Wimpie op ’n
poar kiste mi s’n bedje in ’t sonnetje set.—Veur ’t huisie!.… Wa’ ’n lol
dá’ kereltje had hep!.. Enne.… wat ie bleek sien hep? godskristis.…
kon die d’reis selfers ’n lappie grond kraige?.… Soue se sain nou
moar feur los wille!.… Wa’ da kereltje invalle was!.… een-en-al
been!.… die f’rekte vaste.… bai ieder feestdag! ’t skoap! f’morge hep
ie lache en songe.… mi se ooge knippertje speult teuge de son!.…
In joàre had ie gain licht soo sien.… stakker!.… Enne nou Ant weér
mi’ d’r swangert laif.… Dat tie nou tog nie van d’r afblaive kenne
hep.… Had soo duivels s’n aige sait.… Had ie moar ’n hoekie.… ’n
lappie.… Snof’rjenne wá’ sou die poere!.… Tut ie d’r bai neerviel!.…
Nou niks.… veur ieder kon ie krepeere.… D’r woàre wel meer aa’s
hai.… veul, veul meer!.… moar die krege d’r nog es los werk!.… die
gonge stiekempies noa kerk.… likte pastoor of dominie.… of dokter
of netoaris.… Nee, da gong sàin nie af.… dá’ bleef sain in s’n keel
sitte.… Nou stroope dààn.… ook gain freete.… wá’ nou?.… Dá’ rooit
ná’ niks.… ná’ niks.… aa’s tie nou erais poere gong, ergens wait hier
vandaan!.… kon die d’r moar is de wereld in.… Moar wie holp
sain.… wie?
Enne Wimpie?.… hai sou ’t vast besterrefe.… enne tog.… ’r moar

van komme ’t most.… Waa’s tie nou moar knecht! Se konne ’m veur
sain part soo veul bloedsuige aa’s ze woue.… aa’s tie moar wa
had.… kaik! d’r was ie ’r.…
Tegen ’n duinhoogte, woest naar voren dreigend uit vlakken grond,

diep in ’t pad, lag z’n huisje, donker, met geel lichtje, uitprikkend
achter naakt ruit. Avondlucht, wijd en geheimvol groen-teer
schemerde wijd áán, van de duin-zee.
Angst duizelde in z’n hart, nou ie instappen ging met leege handen,
eeuwig met leege handen.… En woest, met wrevelgevoel, [298]kwam
ie zichzelf opporren! Wat donder! wá’ kon hai ’t helpe!.… Aa’s s’n
waif ’t ’m zuur moake gong, sou die d’r van mekoar splintere.… En
aa’s d’r moer wá’ sai sou die d’r ’n kruk op d’r test stuksloan.…
Gram-zwaar in barsche-zwijg, stapte ie in, kwakte zich op bed,
zonder ’n woord, zonder Wimpie zelfs te durven aankijken.—
’n Week later klompkloste Kees weer in den avond, den weg naar
zee àf, opgeruimd en veerkrachtig. Dirk, z’n broer, had ie
gesproken.. Hij kon meehelpen. Ouë Gerrit had gegromd, en bang-
strak gezeid, dat als Kees op ’t land stond er ongeluk kwam over ’t
huis. Maar Dirk, Piet en Guurt waren vóór ’m, hadden geantwoord
dat ie hongerde, dat ’t zoo niet langer blijven kon; dat ’r te veel werk
was voor hun handen, dat ’r anders toch ’n vent gesteld moest
worden, daalder daags.… En Kees was al heel blij als ie zeven pop
kreeg voor de heele week.—
Nou liep ie rustig naar huis, blij om Wimpie, dat ie eindelijk, eindelijk
heel stil kon zeggen, dat ’r wat was, dat ie ’m ààn kon zien, en z’n
wijf ’m nou es niet kon uitschelden, waar ’t kereltje bij lag.—
Zoet woei lenteavond licht z’n longen in, en telkens even rekte ie
zich de spieren, spande ie z’n kracht, om vooruit te weten of ie ’t nog
wel uithouen zou, of ie nog wel wieden, kruipen, hurken, harken en
spitten kon in den grond.—
Volgende week stond Kees op de Beek.—Z’n vader had ’m niet

gegroet, niet aangekeken zelfs. Ouë Gerrit wist dat Kees kon
aardwroeten in de tuinen als de beste, maar hij had gruwelijk ’t land
aan ’m, was bang voor z’n spullen en Kees’ geloer; geloofde stellig
dat ’r ongeluk op ’t huis lag, als hij in z’n nabijheid werkte. Toch, Dirk
wou Kees hebben, hield wel van den kerel, zonder vast zich
rekenschap te geven, waarom. Blij was ie, dat ’r ’n paar flinke
handen meewerkten, nou de Ouë maar weinig meer hielp. En Guurt
had Kees ’n gehavende broek van Dirk gegeven, met schoone kiel.
[299]
Kees, aan ’t wieden, rustiger nu in z’n arbeid, schoof handig z’n
peulenschoffel tusschen de boonen. Dirk werkte af, rond de rijzen in,
met z’n handen nawiedend, waar de schoffel niet bij kon.
De zon stond al hoog, en hitte dampte er òp uit de zweetkoppen der

werkers, die gloeiden, pal in ’t zonnegesteek. Dirks blonde kop stond
in glans, en de rossige vlekken er in, brandden als
schedelvlammetjes achter z’n petje. Kees, reuzig, met ’n vuil-gelen
strooien hoed, schonkigde boven de rijzen uit, die knoesterig en
kaal-vermergeld, in het sappige gewas en kleurlicht, dorden. De
lichtgroene aardbei-bedden, akker aan akker, omrasterd van
prachtkleur verglinsterende hagenwanden, als ingesloten tuinen,
dampten uitgestrekt, met warrelende witte bebloeseming. Overal op
de akkers rond de werkers, vlekten kleuren in ’t sappige groen, rood,
wit en hoog glansgeel gespikkeld van bloemen en bloesem, licht-blij
daverend in ’t zonnegevonk.—
Vijandige oom Hassel stond ’n greppel verder met z’n zoons,

zwaargebouwde kerels blauwkielen, bedrijvig wroetend in de aarde.
Ouë Gerrit kromde met den rug naar z’n broer toe, dol jaloersch,
zwellend van gift op al wat oom Hassel had en deed, glunderig
loerend naar z’n akkers, die met sla en aardbeien voor waren in
groei. Ook frischte al ’t diep-groen sier-loof van wortelen bij ’m op.
Dat maakte Gerrit helsch. Hij wou ’t zijn kerels wel wat uit den grond
zien trekken, zoodat ’t gauw, heel gauw ver boven teelt van z’n broer
uit zou staan.—Toch was ie blij dat bij hèm ten minste ’n hoek
rhabarber al hoog in stengel en blad bloeide, prachtig jong, vlak voor
den neus van z’n broer, waar die op kijken moest, terwijl bij dièn de
rhabarber, laag in ’t blad, kwijnde.—Telkens loerde Gerrit stilletjes en
voorzichtig, om te zien, glunderig of broer Hassel niet naar z’n
rhabarber keek.… En telkens ook keek z’n broer naar hem, of Gerrit
niet naar zijn aarbeien en wortels loenschte. Dan stootten ze op
elkaar in met hun loer, keken ze weer tegelijk, strak voor hun uit, met
woedende gezichten, omdat geen van de twee wou [300]laten zien,
dàt er haat, jaloerschheid tusschen hen was, ze iets om elkander
gaven.
Oom Hassel stond te schoffelen, groote magere vent, in gelig

werkhemd.—
Drie kerels, buiten z’n zoons had ie al in dienst voor rooien en

wieden.—
Z’n oudste Willem, keek uit naar de rooiers, die hurkend, diepe
geulen slagwielden in ’t zand, met hun knieën. Gretig graaiden hun
handen in den stuifgrond, in zware rukkende, klauwige scheuren de
aarde omwoelend, om de bollen met wortelfijn draadnet er uit te
graven.—Een rooier zong dronkemansliedje, onder het wroetend
uitstuiven van den heeten zandgrond, in klauwigen grabbel. Piet
Hesse, naast ’m, klokte gretig koue koffie uit z’n kruik, naar binnen.
—Hesse, wèrk! nijdigde Willem bazig.… dá’ lange suipe van jou kost
geld.…
—Nou seg!.… aa’s je me nou! verontwaardigde in woestdriftigen kijk

daggelder terug. Maa’g ik nou nie suipe?.…
—En jai kerel, jai skreeuwt de heule buurt op ’n klus.… ikke sou
main stroatje d’rais dichtknaipe ’n uurtje.… is dâ singe?!.…
Nijdig had Willem Hassel z’n bazig praatje uitgeschamperd,

negeerend ’t brutaal kijken van Piet Hesse.—Kalm geweerde ie z’n
schoffel op schouder, liep ie heen en weer, en stil-bedrukt keken de
andere werkers òp naar de blinkige staalstreep van z’n schoffelmes.
Angstige, kruiperige valschheid zat er in hun plotselinge stilte. Niet
één van de groote kerels, die iets tegen durfde zeggen, of ze

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25. A subliminal message is one that is presented

26. Priming refers to the activation of certain

30. People's response to subliminal priming indicates that

31. Subliminally presented stimuli

38. Sensory adaptation refers to

40. The constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to

42. A perceptual set refers to

47. A concept that helps us to interpret ambiguous sensations is called a

48. The influence of schemas on our interpretations of unfamiliar information best

60. The wavelength of visible light determines its

61. The perceived brightness of visible light waves is determined by their

62. Brightness is to intensity as hue is to

66. The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

67. Which process allows more light to reach the retina?

75. The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

76. The blind spot is located in the area of the retina

81. Rods are

86. A genetically sex-linked characteristic accounts for the greater incidence of

90. Who first proposed the opponent-process theory of color vision?

91. Ewald Hering found a clue to the mystery of color vision in

94. Opponent-process cells have been located in the

97. Visual information is processed by

98. The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Wiesel consist of

103. Simultaneously analyzing distinct subunits of information received by different areas of

109. A gestalt is best described as a(n)

111. The organizational rules identified by Gestalt psychologists illustrate that

112. The perception of an object as distinct from its surroundings is called

115. Figure is to ground as ________ is to ________.

118. The principles of continuity and closure best illustrate that

127. Infants who were exposed to the visual cliff

128. Retinal disparity is an important cue for

129. Retinal disparity refers to the

132. Indicators of distance such as interposition and linear perspective are

142. Color constancy refers to the fact that

143. To experience color constancy, we should view things

145. Brightness constancy is most clearly facilitated by

157. The philosopher John Locke believed that people

161. A clouding of the lens of the eye is called a

164. The ability to adjust to changed sensory input is called

167. Our sense of hearing is known as

169. The loudness of sounds is determined by the ________ of sound waves.

172. The absolute threshold for hearing is defined as zero

176. Eardrum vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea by a piston consisting of

6. Sensation is to as perception is to .

115. Figure is to ground as is to .