. ------- ---- .

"IIJ(
-lnverseTrigonometl'ic.F~ncti_
~--- --.. .
f"~- . . ,-1~1r• - i
\ !Functions ·· Domain · Ra · - . . .- l~'--_:::...---- _. (0. ,w:) _ \ \
.l . ~r•.x c~, 00) [--,c "]-{o} \
sui-lx (:-1, l]
fff
nge l
- _·__-- ..
cosec•x (--, --1] 0 [1, 00 ) -
2 '2 . II -\.
(-1, 1} l
1
[o, 1t) .
I , . ]
. {
[1 ~) I [O, 'Jt]- ~2
1\ \ \I.

ta.n-•x l ( -1t,_1t )
I
; · -1" . ·, ·(-oo -1 U
~~c - x -1 . :· '
• I
{ - 00, 00)
L.,___~..l.------'---j___________
2 2 __
.
I i
L_____ ~ _-1- - _______ L - - - - " - - -
'
\i
. · . . :- . · · ONS . II
PROPpRTIES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC F.lJ!"'~C TI
---- .
I. • sin-1(sinx) =x, '7' xE [ - ; , ;]
\
J. -'---~
i . • cos- 1(cos x) = x, \;/ x E [O, n] ·
I
f ,• tan- 1(tan x) = X, \:/;, E (- 7t, 7t-)-·. • tan(tan- 1x) x, V XE R

'I
.
I /•
I . .
cot·1(cot x)
. .
=.,,, \/ x E (0, n)
2 2

· ·
I
_

\
_I /• sec~ 1(secx)=~, 'vxE .[0,n]~ _{n.l · __. \
I . . 2f .. .. r-----------'----'-- - ~ - - - ----- - -..!
I

I
!
•/
r.-:,ec·1(cosecx)=
I
x, \/ xe[- n, 1t]-{o}
2 2
• cosec(cosec 1x) = x, V x E R - (- 1, 1)
\
I
!

I;::=:::;========================:
, ··- .. r~--~--;-..,._,..._,..,.-·--:-----=-:.::-=-=-=-=-=-=·=-=-==-====-___,~i
: :===::;:::'.::=::..,.--'---------
(' I· ,m-1(-x) = - sin•1x, \/ x E [-1, l]. . .. cot·1(-.i:) =1t coi--:S:;v x ER \

I !" 1
cos· (-x)=n_-cos·1x,\/xE["i ,11 •
1
sec (-X)=1t-seci~:v:,:_e (-=,-l]u[l,oo) 1
~c_?~~~-lx, y x _E (-oo, - l] u
1 1 1
L___L_ R_~ - ---. __:__ cosec~ (-x)
tan- (-x) = -tan- x, V_x-,-e___ ll, oo)
 tan
-1(.x+t)
1-X)'
'if x>O,Y"o,xy<l

tan-ix· + tan-1,, = 7t+tan

.-1(x+ y) if x>0, y>O $ltd xy>.l
--- '
• J . 1-xy .
.
-1t+tan
-1 (x----
+ y ) if x< o, y < 0 and .xy > 1
1- xy . --------~ - - -
j

- --- - ·· --·------... -----·------:--

-1(x-y)
L - - - --·

tan - ,
if x>O' y<O,xy>-1
l+xy
i
l. tan- 1x-tan- 1y = 1t+tan
_1 (x-y)
- ,
ifx>O y<Oandxy<-1
·' .
\\
I l+xy .
\\
.I -1t+tan-1 (x-r y )• if x<0, y >0 and xy <-1..
I . 1+ xy . ___,...,..----~- . - - --- - --
(
. 1 7.
I
! •
.{ . :., ~ l-:} -:~:··:{: .· .· ._: i:~.-- \<t,:r
:X'\jl--;y2+y-.Jl...,..:X~. -:.;,, _:-, . u - ....,.X,Y,.,:-;,- -.
.. 1·· and x2 + y2 1

I .;,,)fiky<t ..:1~; +/> 1

-1

i SID . · . . -, ' ' .; ( :

i. . sin-I X +sin-' y = it-sin-I {xJ1;c /~y4i;,py ' if <X. r sfand ,.2 + y' > O 1 \

-it-sin_, {xJi-) + ~x'}; if -1 x, y <~- :nd_:: 1___ ~---:-1j 1

-- --- - ~in-'{xfi-1--~-, : if -1$x, y$1 and x + y' $1 \

2

or . \
if xy > 0 and x + y2 > l
2
\
• sin-1 x-sin- 1 y= l 2 1
n:-sin-1 y' - y,J1-x'} if O< x S 1, -1 S y $ 0 and x Y > · ·
1

- r,h-x'}' if -1 $ x < 0, O< y 1 and x2 + y2 > l

I- - - ----------·--· - -- -~-
8· •·- cos-' {xy-,J1-x' , if -lSx, ySl and x+ y~O.
I r

/
cos-1 x+cos- y=
1

2n-cos-1 {xy-,J1-x'
· .
}, if -1 Sx, ySl and x +y SO
I . - --- -------- -- ··-···- ·· - ..... ... ... . - ---·--- -·- . ..--•----

cos-1 {xy+Ji-x\'1-y2} , if - ls x, y S land~ s y

- cos-I }, if-1 Sy so, 0< x S land x '2: y
I I
 1 '
3
• 3sin-1 x= 1t-sin-1 (3x-4x ) , if -<x~l
2
-1t-sin-1 (3x-4x3 ), if-l~x<-!.- .. . .
~----~---------_..;;;-~~..;_.-·;...:.·---_,_--..---·- -------~~__J
2
if _!_~x~l
, 2
10.
3cos-1 x== 2n-cos-1 (4.x3-3x), if _!.sx~.!.
• ,.
·-·-
2 2
21t+cos-1(4x3-3X), if-lSx~-!.
. .,: . ·. , 2
·- .. .

11. t~-1 (3X~_;3 )·. , if - <X<

tan- 1 ( ~2) if-l<x<l ,. ,. 1 -: 3X 2 , ·..·
l-x
I '

• 3tan-~. x= 1t+tan-1 ( 3 x:...:·:x

3
:1. ·t .x.> v31r::
; 1
2tan-1 x= 1t·+tan-1 ( ~ 2) , if x>l . 1-3x2

1·
· · .
· l-x 3

-1t+ t an -1(--"T
2x ) ,
1-x
1·f x <-1
-1t~tan-1 ( 3~--:x
· 1-3x2 '
if
x<
-~

12.
2
Cos--1 (. 1- x 2 ) , if O~x<~
. l+x

• -cos-1 ( l-x2 )• if -oo<xSO

2
. \l+x

•
14.
•
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS . ·
SOME USEFUL GRAPHS

1. 2. y =cos- 1 x , ·lxl ~l,yE[0,1t]

y y=arc sinx -x y= arc cos x y

n/2 ············: y- ••••••••••• 1[

1 ···:····· ·· '. ····· , y=sinx

-n/2 -1
.I
--+--+---::al!C------+---1--X

.! 1 n/2 ---4---..F----------x.
-1
y=sinx ... -1
y=x ·····:·:··· -n/2 y=x
- y=arc smx

3. Y = tan - x ' x e R '

1 Y e (- 2: 2:)
2 ' 2
4. y = cot- 1 x, x e R, y e (0 , n)

Y y=tanx
' 1t '
· 1 x=x
'
: n/2 •·······:··········
'
' '\
-_-n...,..,/ -..=-----~-..n-1_2__._n_,._x
'
' i y=arc cot x
X
.
y=arc ''
-n/2
-n/2 .
.
'
'
'
y -n -TI
y=tanx y=cotxl

. 5. y = sec- 1x, / x / I , Y E [ O, f) u ( f ,7l] ·

y

·71::··········
y ' '

n ....... ;' ................... .

l n:12 l
···············+·········· .......... ···············
. '
''
/ ::'
'

i: n2
..:..oo
: ------:-------- .................... ..,.._"
.
...'''
• • V-.)

''
.
'

X
0
I ,
• ,{ ,a\
,, Y_-- sm
. -I r
smx) , x e R , y e C'i:1t , ,
( • lt}
2
7.(b) y=sin(sin-1x),

Periodic with period 2 1t =x

x e [- 1, 1J, y e [-1, I] , y is aperiodic

y
I ······

-1 0 :
-,..:.....--s---L;..;;__...:...,_-x
~---::~::--~'--"""!"""--1---L.:.:::....:.,=--~-'-..:..,.;-=--~,----x
- 1

-1t/2

8. (a) . y = cos- 1(cosx), x e R,y e[O, 1t], periodic with period 21t 8. (b) y = cos (cos-• x),
.= X • =x
x e [-1 , 1] , y e [- 1 , 1], y is aperiodic

y
y 1 ············ :
~\
--~l_ _....,1L,...J,...:.~50___:,.i- x
.. 1

-?----...J..._-----¥----'----~-x !............. -1
-27t -1t -1t/2 · 0 1t/2 1t 21t

9. (a) y=tan(tan- 1x), x e R, ye R, y is aperiodic 9. (b) y = tan- 1 (tan x),

=x . =x

xeR- {c2n-l)% n~1},ye(-%,%J,

periodic with period 7t

-y rc/2 y

-rc/2

10. (a) y = cot-1 (cotx), 10. (b) y =cot (cot- 1·x ),

=x =x
x e R- {nn}, y E (O, n) , periodic with n x e R , y e R , y is aperiodic

y
y

-----,f----- x
11. (a) y·= cosec- 1 (cosecx), 11. (b) y = cosec (cosec- 1x),
=x =x

XE R- { nn, nEI },Y e[-r. o) u. ( O, i] lxl ~l, lyl ~l, yisaperiodic

y is periodic with period 2 7t ·

-1
I ~--·r?:
I
_ ___,;,.::;_----1,-,,0-~l,,___ X

~·········-I

12. (a) y = sec- 1 (secx), · 12. (b) y = sec (sec- 1 x),

=x =' x
y is periodic with period 21t ; lxl 1; lyl ~1],y is aperiodic
xeR-{c2n-l)f nel} YE[o.f) u(f.n]
y
l ~. ····F.
q~50

-1
----"':'----+-0--'l:--- X

97········ -1