ORDINARY LEVEL

W.a.fiak isgq mq;ayqf.a l;d jia;=j

úpdrh yd úuiqu

Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda

Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;ayqf.a l;d jia;=j

(w¾: újrKh)

;jo W.ks;a ^tfiau bf.k .;a;;a& ksrjoH Ys,amhla uq;a ^ksjerÈ wOHdmkhla ñi&
idjoH Ys,amfhka ^m,la fkdue;s wOHdmkfhka& ftyf,!lsl m%fhdack ke;s kshdj yÕjkakg
^mrf,dj jYfhka m%fhdackhla ke;snj fmkajd §ug& W.a.fiak kï ^W.a.fiak kue;s& isgq
mq;ayqf.a j; lshuq' ^isgq mq;%hdf.a l;dj mjiuq'&
flfiao h;a ^flfiaoehs mjikafka kï& kdgl õoao;= mkaishfhla ^kegqï W.;a
mkaishhla fokd& yjqreoafoka ^wjqreoaolska& i uiska ^yh udihlska& rc.ykqjrg wjqÈka
^rc.y kqjrg meñK& rÊcqrejkag i;shla uq¿,af,ys ^rc;=udg i;shla mqrdu& fl<s mE ^kegqï
fmkaj;s'& fndfyda r;a rka ,efn;s' ^fndfyduhla r;a rka ,nhs'& w;r;=f¾ ,nk iÙ.%yfha
muK ke;s ^wm%udK j ,nk ix.%yj, ksula ke;& fndfyda fok;a ^fndfyda fokd& ueis
u;af;ys ueis .iajd f.k ^fyd¢ka fmfkk f,ig Wia ueis n|jd f.k& fl<s n,;s' ^fi,a,ï
krU;s'&
tla ojila ^Èkla& lUfha kgk tll=f.a ÿjla ^,Kqjl kgk wfhl=f.a ÈhKshlA&
yqKo~q w.l§ ^WK ,Shl uqÿfka& kgk tlla Ys,am n,fhka ^kgk ;eke;a;h s la ;u kegqï
Ys,amfha yelshdfjka& Wv wyi ilaukq;a flfrhs' ^by< wyfia ta fï w; .uka hhs'& kghs"
.S .hhs' ^kgñka .S lshhs& tojia ^tl,& W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;a ^W.a.fiak keue;s isgq mq;%hd&
hd<Kq flfkl=ka yd iuÕ ^;u hy¿fjl= iu.& ueiaila u;af;ys isg ^ueiail isg& wdi isg
kgk ^wyfia isg kgk& ta úoaola ÿjf.a ^tu keàfuys olaI;d we;s ÈhKshf.a& ydj Ndj ,S,d
oel ^wÕ miÕ j, ,d,s;H oel& jdfhdaOd;ajdêl rEm l,dm ^iq<Õg;a jvd wêlj ief,k
rej& úldr n,j;a kshd hhs fkdis;d ^widudkH hehs fkdis;d& wE flfrys n,j;a jQ ^wE ms<n s |
n,j;a j& fm%au we;sj ^fifkyiska hq;=j& z,fod;a Ôj;a fjñZ ^weh ,enqfkd;a Ôj;a fjñ'&
fkd,fod;a ñfhñ'^fkd,enqKfyd;a ñh hkafkñ'& is;d f.k ^is;d& fkdld fkdî ^lEu îu
fkdf.k& ye|g ke.S,d ^we|g keÕ& jeo fyd;a;dy' ^je;sr isáfhah'& fouõmshka úpd< l,ays
^foudmshka úuiQ úg& úoao;a ÿj flfrys ^kegqfuys olaI ÈhKsh flf¾& wd,fhka kshdj lsjh Q '
^fifkyiska nj mejiqfõh'& foudmsfhda ta wid ^uõmshka ta nj wid oekf.k& zmq;" f;, f,i
lsÍu f;dmg;a wmg;a ;rï fkdfjhs' ^orefjda tf,iska újdyhka isÿlr .ekSu Tng;a wmg;a
fkdjà'& ;rï ;eklska irKla f.kjq;a mdjd foïyZhs lsjQh' ^.e<fmk újdyhla isÿlr
fokakï hehs lS h'& W! fkd .súisu;a u h' ^Tyq lsisfia;a tlÕ fkdùh'& fkd.súiakd Wkaf.a
hd¿jdKka o le|jd,d ^tlÕfkdjk l,ays Tyqf.a ñ;=rdo le|jd& uiq odila §,d ^uiqrka
oyila §& zf;, wyi isg kegq ^wr wyfia isg kegqj& úoao;a ÿjf.a mshdg §,d ^olaI kegqï
Ys,amskh
s f.a ;d;a;dg § & ;udf.a ÿj ^Tjqkaf.a ÈhKsh& u mq;=kag ^uf.a mq;dg& mdjd fokag
lshjZhs ^újdy lr fok f,i mjikak hehs & lshd,d hjQy' ^mjid heùh'&

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

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Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

úoao;dfKda o ta wid ^k¾:k Ys,amshd;a th wid& zu ÿj úl=Kkakd ke;' ^uf.a ÿj

úl=Kkafka ke;'& rka yerf.k fkdfoñ' ^r;arka werf.k fkdfokafkñ'& wmg;a wdrlaIdj
kï W! u fjo@ ^wm;a Ôj;a jkafka wehf.kau fkdfõo@& fkd ,fod;a ñfhñ kï
^fkd,enqfKd;a uefrkjd kï& ñh m%fhdackh ksï o@ ^Èú kidf.k we;s m%fhdackh l==ulao@&
wm yd tla jkakdu ^wm;a iuÕ tl;= fjkjd kï& ÿj mdjd foñZhs lsjQh' ^ÈhKsh újdy
lrfok nj mejiqfõh'& foudmsfhda ta mj; wid ^foudmshka ta nj wid& ì÷jkakg is;d foda
lSy'^fofokd wukdm lsÍug mejiqfõo@&
tfia ù kï zuu Wka yd tla fjñZ lshd,d ^tfia kï uu Tyq iu. tla fjñ' hehs mjid&
kEhka ishka fkdfhla f,iska ^{d;s ñ;% wd§ fkdfhla wdldrfhka& kej;=j;a is;d.;a is;ú s ,a,
msßueiQ nj uq;a ^j<ld,Sug W;aidy l<;a is;d.;a fohu lrk kuq;a& ldßh fkdi,ld ^lghq;=
fkd;ld& úoao;=ka <Õg .shy' ^kegqfuys olaIhka fj; .sfhah'& úoao;dfKdao ^kegqï
Ys,amshd;a& isgq mq;%hdKka okakd ^isgq mq;%hd oekf.k isá& úoao;a Ys,amhla ke;;a ^iqúfYI
Ys,amhla fkdue;s jqj;a& ta foh fï foh w,ajd .kakg jqj;a iydhla jqjukd neúka ^ta fï foa
w,ajd .ekSï wd§ iydlhka wjYH ksid& ÿjKshka mdjd §,d ^ÈhKsh újdy lr §& Wkqka le|jd
f.k rg uq¿,af,a ^Tyq;a iu.ska rg mqrdu& fl<s ,¿ mE weúÈ;s' ^kegqï kdgH fmkajñka
weúÈhs'&
ta úoao;a ¥;a ^ta kegqï Ys,amsksh;a& fkdfnda lf,lska ^flá ld,hlska& isgq mq;a yg ^isgq
mq;dg odj& mq;l= jod mshd ^mq;l= ,en& k<jk l, ^k<joaÈ& z.e,a rlskjqf.a mq; ^lr;a;
/l n,d .kakdf.a mqf;a& znr Wiq,kakdjqf.a mq;Z ^nr Tijkakdf.a mqf;a& l=ul=;a
fkdo;a;jqf.a mq;e ^lsisjla fkdokakdf.a mqf;a& hs lsh lshd ^hehs mjiñka& k<jhs' ^ksÈlrjhs'&
isgq mq;ayqo ^isgq mq;do& .e,a r|jd,d yqka ;ek § ^lr;a; kj;d isá ;ek §& f.dkag ;K
f.kjq;a ,;s' ^f.dkag ;Kfld< f.kejq;a ou;s'& fl<s ,¿ mE weúo ;ek ^kdgH kegqï
fmkajk ;ekaj,& ,;a fohla hk tk ;ekg wÈ;s' ^tyd fuyd f.k h;s'& tu ksid úoao;a ¥;a
^tksid kdáldj;a& mq;= k<jk hï úfgl tu lshhs' ^mq;%hd k<jk úgl § thu mjihs'& isgq
mq;%hdfKd;a ^isgq mq;%hdo& .Shla hula wksll= fkdj ^.Shla .dhkd lrk úg& ;uka wrnhd
lshk kshdj oek ,d ^;uka uq,a lrf.k lshk nj oekf.k& zfï yeu ud wrNhd lshjq oeZ
^fï yeufoau ud uq,a lrf.k lshkafkao@& hs úpdf<dah' ^hs úuiSh'& ztfia h" ^Tjq& wks;a ldg
lshï o@ ^fjk;a ldg kï lshkafkao@& f;dmu fldg weúÈkd lghq;= fyhska ^Tnu lrñka
weúÈkd ld¾hhka ksid& f;dmu wrNhd lshñZhs lS h' ^Tnu uq,a lrf.k lshkafkñhs lSfõh'&
f;dm ksid úoao;a jQjd uÈka ^Tn ksid fuf,i kegqï l=,hg meñKshd muKg& kmqre;a weiqj
ukdo@ ^fkdall a dvq;a weish hq;=o@& m,d fhñ' ^hkak hñ'& ìkSï yrjd.; yelalehs is;d lS h'
^fodaIdfrdamKh j<lajd .;yels fõ hehs is;d lSfõh'& Ths;a ^weho& f;dm .sh uek ^Tn
.sh;a& yqk uekj ^ysáh o& f;dm l=ul=;a fkdokakd ;eke;a;jqkaf.ka ^lsisjla fkdokakd
Tnf.ka& ug lï lsñ oehs lshd,d ^ug ljr m%fhdackhla oehs lshd& wjlmakfhka ie¥ yiq
^lgl,shdj jerÈ f,i fh¥ wYajhd& ?k w,ajd weÈ weÈ fia ÿjkakd fia ^,Kqj w,ajd fl;rï
weoao;a ÿjkakdla fuka& tu lsh lshd mq;= k<jhs' ^thu mjiñka mq;d k<jhs'&
´ f;dfuda ^weh& ;udf.a rE iïm;a yer f.k ^;udf.a rE iïm;a;h s ksid& isgq
mq;%hdKka ^isgq mq;%hd& ;udf.a fld,af,l= fldg;a ^;u fiajlfhl= f,iska j;a fkdis;hs'& isgq

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

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Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

mq;%hdfKdao ^isgq mq;%hdo& uef.a fï wNsudkh ^uehf.a fï udkh& uEg jvd iïm;a we;s ksid
^uehg jvd foam, jia;=j we;s ksid& iïm;a ksid;a fkdfjhs' ^foam, jia;=j ksid fkdfjhs'&
;ud cd;s iïmkak fkdjk fyhska ^;ud my;a l=,fha fkdjk ksid& cd;shla ksid;a fkdfjhs'
^cd;sh uq,a lrf.k;a fkdfjhs'& rEm;a fyhska ^rEu;a ksid& ta yd ;ud okakd Ys,am muKla
ksidh' ^iy weh okakd Y,am Ydia;%h ksid h'& wE okakd Ys,am W.;a fyhska uq;a ^weh okakd
Ys,am bf.kSfuka ñi& ihxisoaO fkdjkafka fõ o@ ^hym;a fkdfj hs'&
wef.a ta nEjqï m,jd ^wehf.a tu udkh ÿre fldg& uu;a Ys,am W.ksñ' ^uu;a Ydia;%h
bf.k .ksñ'& uhs,Kqjka lrd f.diska ^uduKaäh fj; f.dia& ;uka iu¾: fyhska ^;ud olaI
ksid& Wka okakd Ys,am bf.k f.k ^Tyq okakd ish¨ Ys,am Ydia;% bf.k f.k& mhs we§fuka
yeÍ f.dia ^lou¨ we§fuka neyer ù& rg uqq¿,af,a ^rg mqrd u& Ys,am mEf.k weúÈfkda ^Ys,amh
fmkajñka weúÈkafkah'&
rc.y kqjr Wmka jeã kqjr fkdfõ oeZhs ^rc.y kqjr bmÿK yeÿKq jevqKq k.rh
fkdfõ oehs& ,Êcdfjka j<yd;a fkdmshd ^,Êcdjg m;aj je<lS fkdisg& Bg;a wjq;a ^tys f.dia&
fu ;kg i;a jk ojia ^wÈka miq tk y;ajk Èkfha& uu Ys,am olajñ' ^uu Ys,am fmkajñhs&
W.a.fiak isgq mq;a ^W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hd& kqjrg lshd hjQ h' ^k.rhg lshd heõfjh'$oekaù
h'&
i;ajk ojia ^y;ajk Èkfha& fndfyda fokd;a /iaj ^fndfyda fok;a /iaù& ueis u;af;a
ueis ,d .;ay' ^ueis Wv ueis ne| .;a y'& W.a.fiak isgqmq;ayq o ^W.a.fiak kï isgq mq;%hdo&
iegßhkla yqK oKavla ìu ys÷jd,d ^ßhka yegl WK ,Shla ìu isgqjd& yqK o~q w.g
kexf.dah' ^WK ,Sfha uqÿkg ke.af.ah'& tojia ^tÈk& nqÿyq;a ^nqÿka jykafia;&a w¨hï fõf,a
f,dj n,k fiala ^mdkaoßka f,dlh foi n,oa§& yqKo~q w.g kef.kakdg fmrd;= j ^WK
,Sfha w.g ke.Sug fmr& ;uka jykafiaf.a ^nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a& kqjK keue;s yqKo~q
w. yqkakjqka oel ^{dkh keue;s WK oKafâ uqÿfka& yqkakjqka oel ^isá mqoa.,hd oel&
jkafka l=ulafoda fydahs n,k fiala ^l=ula isÿfõ oehs n,oa§& isgqmq;a f;fï ^isgq mq;%hd& Ys,am
olajñhs lshd,d ^Ys,am fmkajñhs mjid& yqK o~q w. isÜá ^WK oKfâ w.siafiys isà& Tyqf.a
keàï olakd ksid ^Tyqf.a keàï keröug& fndfyda fok /ia fj;s' ^fndfyda fokd meñfK;s'&
uu t;k§ .d:djla lshñ' ^t;ek§ uu .d:djla lshñ'& ta wid iqjdiQ oyila ksjka ols;s' ^tu
.d:dj wid wiQydroyila fokd ksjka olskq we;'& W.a.fiakfhda;a ^W.a.fiakhkq;&a yqKo~q
w.§ u ry;a fj;s' oek jod< fial' ^WK oKfâ uqÿfka§ u ry;a jkq we;ehs is;+ fial'& tfia
oek ^tf,i oekf.k& fojk ojia ^fojk Èkfha& isÕdjäkd fj,dfõ i,ld ,d ^ms~qisÕd
hEfï fõ,dj hehs is;d& uyK .K msßjrd ^NslaIQka jykafia /ialrf.k& rc.ykqjr isÕdjka
fial' ^rc.y kqjrg ms~qisÕd jeä fial'&
W.a.fiak kï isgq mq;a o ^W.a.fiak keue;s isgq mq;%hdo& nqÿka we;=¿ kqjrg fkdjvkd
f;la u ^nqÿka jykafia we;=¿ kqjrg fkdjäkd ;=re& fl<s ,¿ n,kag ^úfkdao l%v S d ^kegqï&
ne,Sug& /ia jq jka ^tl;= jQ msßia& fldlaika .ik kshdfjka ^fldla y~,d uy yçska iskdfjk
ksid& weÕs,s mE ysÕs fldg ,d ^weÕs,s j,ska ix{d fldg& yqK o~q w. isg ,d ^WK .fia
uqÿfka isg& kslu
a ^t;ekska bj;aj& isia wyi u ^ysia wdldYfhys u& i;a úgla fm;a;ka fuka
^i;a j;djla fm;a;la fia& is ieris,d nei ^ießird nei& yqK o~q w. isáhy' ^WK .fia
w. isáfhah'& ta fõ,djg ^ta fudfydf;a& nqÿyq;a kqjr we;=<g jvkd fiala ^nqÿka jykafia

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

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Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

k.rhg jäkd fial'& /iq jQ msßi nj w. jqj;a isákg iu¾: jQ ^/iaj isá msßi o Njfha
w. f;la isáh yels jQ& ;uka jykafia osidj n,;a uq;a ^;uka jykafia foi n,k kuq;a& yqK
o~q ieg ßhkla ú;r uq;a ^WK ,S yeg ßhkla muK jk kuq;&a jvd Wv isákg n, ke;s ^bka
tyd Wv isàug Yla;h s ke;s& W.a.fiakhka Èidj ^W.a.fiak foi& fkdn,jk f,ig
^fkdn,k f,ig& bgd jod< fial' ^is;+ fial'&
W.a.fiakfhd;a ^W.a.fiakhka o& ;uka mdkd fl<s ^;ukaf.a olaI;d& ;uka u olakd
muK uq;a ^;ukaf.a muKla olsk uq;&a /ia jQjka fkdn,k kshdj oek ^/iaj isá msßia
fkdn,k nj oekf.k& uqiqmamqj f.diska ^lk.dgqjg m;a j& yjqreoaolska ^wjqreoaolska&
iufilska ^yh udihlska& wreuhla fia mdkd fl<s ^wdYap¾hhla f,i mj;ajk kegqï& nqÿka
wjq;a ^nqÿkajykafia meñK& fu;ekg iïNj ^fu;ek§ yuq ù& Tnu wuq;=j my< jQ jd fia
^Wkajykafia wuq;=fjka u meñKshd fia& n,k nj uq;a ^krUk nj ñi& fï kqjrg ud ^fï
k.rhg uu& wdÈfhka mdkd fl<s n,kafkda ke;' ^fmr fun÷ lS%vd krUkafkda fkdue;'&
meiqKq f.dhï uq,a jQjd fia ^meiqK f.dhu úkdY jQjd fia& ÿla f.k W.;a Ys,amh isia úh hs
is;+y' ^ÿla ú| bf.k.;a Ys,am Ydia;%h úkdY úhZhs is;Sh'&
nqÿyq;a Wkaf.a woyia oek ^nqÿka jykafia;a Tyqf.a is;ú
s ;a; oekf.k& uq.,ka uy
f;reka jykafia nKjd ,d ^uq.,ka ysñhkag l;d fldg& zW.a.fiak isgq mq;%hdg
^W.a.fiakhkag& Ys,am olajkakg lshjZhs ^;u yelshdjka m%o¾Ykh lrkakhehs mjikak&
jod< fial' ^foaYkd l< fial'& uyf;rejka jykafia;a f.diska ^uy f;rekao f.dia&

zbX> miai kgmq;a; - W.a.fiak uyín,

lfrdyS rÙ.x mßidh - ydihiiaiq uydckxZ

zzuy;a n, we;s W.a.fiak kï k¿ mq;%hæ fufy n,j¦ uyckhd i;=gq lrjñka ^Tfí&
rx.kh bÈßm;a lrjæZZ
hk .d:dj jodrd ^hk .d:dj foaYkd fldg& nqÿka jod< fufyjr jod< fial' ^nqÿka
foaYkd l< lreK lSfõh'& fl<s k¿fjys fhdokakg ^kegqï lS%vdfjys fhfokakg& nqÿka uy
f;reka jykafiag ^nqÿysñ uy f;rekag ^uq.,ka ysñg&& úOdk lf<a yehs o h; fyd;a ^ksfhda.
lf,a wehs oehs i|yka l< fyd;a& u;af;ys ´ yg jk m%fhdack i,ld h' ^wkd.;fha § Tyqg
isÿ jk m%fhdackh is;d h'& W.a.fiakfhda o ^W.a.fiakhka o& uy f;reka jykafiaf.a l;dj
wid ^uy f;rekaf.a m%ldYh wid& nqÿyq;a ^nqÿka jykafia;&a udf.a Ys,am olakd leu;s kshd
jkeZhs i;=gqj ^udf.a olaI;d oelSug wdYdfjka úh hq;= hehs i;=gq j& yqKo~q w. isg u' ^WK
.fia uqÿfkys isgu'&
zbX> miai uydm[a{d - fud.a.,a,dk uysoaêl"
lfrdñ rÙ.x mßidh - ydihdñ uydckxZ

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

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Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

zzuy;a ^iDoaê& n,hla we;s" uyd kqjKeZ;s uq.,ka ysñhks" zfufy n,kak" ^uf.a&
rx.kh lrñka uyckhd i;=gq lrñZZ
lssh,d yqKo~q w.ska wyig ke.s,d ^mjid WK,Sfha uqÿfkka wyig f.dia& ;=ÿia úgla
újr ^od y;r j;djla muK& wyi isieß mshd ^wyfia ieß ird& nei,d ^bka nei& yqKo~q
w. isáhy' ^WK .fia w. isáfhah'&
nqÿyq;a nK jodrKfiala ^nqÿkajykafia;a O¾uh foaYkd lrk fial'& zW.a.fiak fhks"
^W.a.fiak& fl<s ,¿fjys we¨ï ;nd,d ^fl<s fi,a,ï j,g wdYd we;slrf.k& .sh oji
mej;s ^w;S;fha we;slr .;a& mia lf|ys wd,h;a yrej' ^m[ap ldu iïm;a ys wdYdj;a
w;ayßkak'& tu mia l| tk oji ^tu m[ap ldu iem u;= Njfha& mj;akd we¨uq;a yrej
^mj;sk wdYdjka w;a yßkak& oeka mj;akd ialkaOhka flfrys ^oeka mj;akd rEm wd§
mxpialkaOhka flfrys& wd,h;a yrej ^wdYdj;a w;ayßkak& tfia l<d kï ^tf,iska lf<d;a&
fl<s ,¿fjka ;nd ^fl<s fi,a,ñka fyda& cd;s crd urKskq;a ñfojZhs jod< fial' ^bm§u f,v
ùu urKhg m;a ùu wdÈfhkq;a ñfokakZhehs foaYkd l< fial'& foaYkd fl<jr ^foaYkdj
wjidkfha& iqjdiQ oyila ú;r i;a;ajfhda ^wiQydr oyila muK i;a;j a hka& ksjka ÿgy' ^ksjka
ÿgy'&
W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hdfKda o ^W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hd o& lrZ. ry;a jkakd fia fkdjk nj
uq;a ^WK.fiys w. § ry;a ùug wjia:djla fkdjqj o& yqK o~q w.§ ms<sisôhd m;a ry;aj
^WK.i uqÿfka § w¾:" O¾u" ksrela;"s máNK jYfhka wjfndaO lrf.k ry;a ù& yqK
oKafvka nei mshd ^WK .iska nei& nqÿka ,Õg f.diska ^nqÿka fj; f.dia& miÕ msysgqjd
je|f.k ^fooK" foje,ñg yd k<, hk wx. my ìu fydjd je|& uyK lrkakg wdrdOkd
l<y' ^meúÈ lrk f,ig werhqï lf<ah'& nqÿyq;a ol=K; Èla fldg ,d ^nqÿka jykafia;a ol=Kq
w; È.= lr& zuyK fufy tjZhs jod, fial' ^NslI a qj fuys tkak hehs foaYkd l< fial'& t
fõf<ys ;=ka isjr
q e wd§ jQ ^ta fudfydf;a ;ksmg" fomg isjr q e yd w|kh hk ;=ka isjr
q & wg
msßlr Ord ^msßlr wgla ordf.k& ieg jia .sh uy uy f;r flfkl=ka jykafia fuka ^wjqreÿ
iegla imsre uy f;r flfkl= fia& wdl,am iïmkak jQ fial' ^hym;a is;=ú,sj,ska hql; a jQ
fial'&
jyka oE o ^NslI a Qka jykafia;&a zweje;aks" ^mskaj;=ks"& ieg ßhkla yqK oKafvka ^ßhka
yegla WK oKafvka& niakd .ufka ^nisoa§& Nfhla fkdù oeZhs úpdrd ^ìhla fkdoekqfKaoehs
úuid& zwmg Nhla ke;eZhs lS l,ays ^wmg ìhla ke;ehs lS úg& nqÿka lrd f.diska ^nqÿka fj;
f.dia& ziajdóks" ^iajdóka jykai"& W.a.fiak f;ryq yqK oKafvka niakd .ufka ^WK .iska
nisoaoS& ;ukag Nhla ke;ehs lsh;s' ^;ukag ìhla fkdoekqKq nj mjihs'& tf,i lshd ;uka
ry;a kshdjla yÕj;sZ lS fial' ^tf,iska mjid ;ud ry;a j we;s nj mji;sZhs lSh'& nqÿyq;a
^nqÿka jykafia;&a zuyfKksZ u mq;=ka jekakjqkag ^uf.a mq;d jeks whg& Nfhla fldhskaoeZhs
jodrd ^ìhla fldys oehs foaYkd fldg& n%dyauK j.ska .d:djla jod< fial' ^n%dyauK j¾.fhka
.d:djla foaYkd l< fial'& foaYkd fl<jr ^foaYkdj wjidkfha& fndfydafok ksjka ÿgy'
^fndfyda fofkl= ksjka ÿgqfõh'&
t fyhska ^tksid& kqjKe;a;jqka úiska ^{dkjka;hska úiska& ksIam%fhdack jQ ^m,la
fkdue;s& fl<s ,¿ wdÈfhys we¨ï yer ^úfkdoh i|yd lrk kegqï wdÈfhys wdYdj w;a yer&

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

5
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

ksjfkysu we,au fldg ^ksjkgu wdYd we;s lrf.k& ;=ka ÿisß;a ÿrej ^lhska jpkfhka yd
is;ks a isÿjk mdm l¾u j,ska ÿriaj& ;=ka iqisß mqrd ^lhska jpkfhka is;k s a hym;a .=K jvd&
u;= u;=fhys ,eìh hq;= ^u;= wd;auhkays ,eìh hq;=& f,dù f,dõ;=re .=K úfYaIhg ^ó<Õ
wd;auNdjfha we;ssjk hym;a ;ekg& msysg úh hq;= ^Wmldr lr.; hq;=h'& kej; tla ojila
^h<s tla Èkl& oï ifnys l:djla Wmoj fiala' ^O¾u Yd,dfõ l:djla we;s úh'& weje;aks"
^mskja ;=ks"& ry;a jkakg ksi
s s ^ry;a ùug ;rï m%udKj;a& fujeks mskla we;s flfkl=ka ^fujka
mskla we;a wfhl=& úoao;=ka yd tla jkakg;a ldrKd lsïo@ ^kdgl l=,hla yd tla ùug fya;=j
l=ulao@& ry;a jkakg ksis j l< mskq;a ljf¾oehs lS fial' ^ry;;a ùug l< m%udKj;a mskq;a
fudkjdo@ hs lS h'& nqÿyq;a tA wid jodrd ^nqÿka jykafia th wid& uyfKks" fï folgu ksiai
lf<da ^fï ldrKd folgu .e<fmk lghq;= lf<a& uQ ;=uQ u hZhs jodrd ^fudyqu hehs foaYkd
fldg& tu úN+; lrkakg ^th fmkajd fokakg& .sh oji liqma nqÿkaf.a ^w;S;fha ldYHm
nqÿkaf.a& rka od .en lrk l,ays ^r;%ka od.en bÈlroa§& nrKeia kqjr we;af;da ^nrKeia
k.r jeisfhda& id,a n;a f.kajdf.k ^yd,ska l< n;a /f.k& od .n fufyjr lrïyhs hkakd
yq ^od.efnys jev lsÍug hoa§& w;=re u.§ tla f;r flfkl=ka ^w;r uÕ§ tl f;reka
jy;afia kula& isÕd .shjqka tla l=, ÿjKs flfkla oel ^isÕd jäoaoS tl jxYj;a ldka;djla
oel& iuKkag ^ieñhdg& ztla f;r flfkl=ka jykafia isÕd jeä fial' ^tla NslI a Qka jykafia
kula ms~qisÕd jeäfhah'& f.k hk .e,aj, n;=;a fndfyda j we;' ^lr;a;j, fndfyda n;a
;sfí'& n;a md;%hla ms<s.kajd .kakg md;%h f.kj uekjZhs ^n;a md;%hla ms<s.ekaùug md;%h
b,a,d f.k tkakhs& lsjh q ' ^mejiS h'& Whs;a fkd ue<s j ^Tyq;a fkdmels<s j& md;%h f.kjq h'
^md;%h f.k wdfõ h'& n;a md;%h mqr,d ^n;a md;%hg mqrjd& ia:úr NslaIQkag ms<s.kajd ,d
^yduqÿrejkag ms<s.kajd& ksjka ol=fudajZhs ^ksjka olsïjd lshd& m;d .;ay' ^m%d¾:kd lr
.;ay'&
Wkaf.a ok ms<s.kakg iïn jQfjd;a ^Tjqkaf.a tu odkh ms<s.ekSug uqK .eiqfka& ry;a
flfkl ^ry;ka jykafia kuls'& t fyhska Èjiska n,kqfjda ^Èjeiska n,oa§& m%d¾:kdj f;,
f,iska u ^me;=u ta wdldrfhka u& iuDoaO jk kshdj oek ^bgqjk nj oekf.k& iskd my<
l<y' ^iskdiqfKa h'& oka ÿka Wmdisldfjda o ^odkh ÿka Wmdisldj o& iskd my< l<d oel ^iskd
my< lrkq oel& ldrK;a úpdrd fkd mshd ^lreKq fkdúuid& iuKkag ^ieñhdg& zuqka jykafia
iskdjla iS -mS fial'^uqkajykafia iskdiqKq fial'&úoao;a lfula we;s jke hs lsjQ h' ^W.;alula
we;s ksid hehs lS h'&
iufKda o ztfia fkd lshjZhs fkdlshd ^iajdñhd o tfia fkdmjikak hehs fkdlshd& zt
fia ieá hZhs lshd ^tfia úh yels hhs lshd& Wka lSjd u .súi f.k kslauqKd jq h' ^weh lS
fohg u tl`. ù msg;a úh'& fï Wka fokakd l< lS lghq;= h' ^fï Tjqka fofokd l< lS foa
h'& W! B wdhq muKska isg ^Tjqka tys wdhq ld,h mqrd Ôj;a j'& foõf,dj bmso ^foõ f,dfõ
bm§& oeka bka pq;j ^thska ksla u& tf,i ni lshdÆ ia;%S ^tf,iska mejiQ ldka;dj& úoaj;a
ÿjj Wmk ^olaI;d$^úoHdj o;a& we;s ÿjla j bmÈKs& W.a.fiakfhda isgq l=,hl bmso;a
^W.a.fiakhka isgq l=,hl bm§;a& úoao;a ieá he hs lshdÆ ni .súi mufKlska ^olaIhehs
tl`. jQ muKska& ;=uQ fkdúoao;a j;a úoao;=ka yd tla jQ h' ^;ud wolaI j;a kuq;a olaIhka yd
tlaúh yels úh'&

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

6
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

ry;a f;rekag § ¨ n;a md;%fhys wkqiiska ^ry;ka jykafiag ÿka n;a ^md;%fha
wdksixYfhka& W.a.fiak f;ryq ry;a jQy' ^W.a.fiak f;reka ry;a úh'& úoao;a ¥ o ^olaI
kdáld ÿj o& fufyKs iiafkys uyK j ^fufyKs Ydikfhys mejeÈ ù& ry;a ùfuka ^ry;a
jQfhka& ukqIH cd;Ska wvqj Wmk;a ^ñksia wd;auNdjfha wvq cd;sfha ^l=,fha& bmÿk;a& wd¾h
cd;Ska iß jqjZhs ^W;=ï cd;sfhka tu wvqj imsß keZhs& jod< fial' ^foiQ fial'&
fu is; ;nd ^fuh is;y a s ;ndf.k& wkqkakg fy<d msßfy<d ^wkqkakg ks.re fldg
l;d lsÍfuka& ÿre úh hq;= ^je<lsh hq;= h'&

3 3

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

7
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

 ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh yÿkd .ekSu

zioaO¾uh keu;s ueKsla wuqKk ,o ud,hZ hk wre;a ,ndfok ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh
O¾ufiak ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,oaols' md,s Oïu moÜG l;dj uq,dY% lr .ksñka
ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh rpkd fldg we;s w;r" tys md,s l%uh yer tys wdNdih ,ndf.k
l;=jrhdf.a iajdëk yelshdfjka fuh rpkd fldg ;sfí' ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha uq,sl ,laIKhla
jkafka iEu l:d jia;=jlau bÈßm;a lsÍug fmr tu l:d jia;=j oelaùug fya;=j l;dj
wdrïNfha oelaùu;a" l;dj wjidkfha oyï mKsjqvhla ,nd §u;ah' W.a.fiak l:djia;=j
ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha 256 jeks l;d jia;=jhs' ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh ,sùfï wruqK .%ka:fha
wdrïNfhau m%ldY lrkq ,nhs'
zztfyhska hï flfkla kqjK u`ojka l=i,ÉPkaoh we;s j" O¾udNsfhda.hg Wmfoia ,Èka"
nK oek" mskalï yeisr ksjka idod .kska kï tfia jq i;amqreIhkag jev i|yd
ioaO¾ur;akdj,S kï .%ka:h lrïy'ZZ
tkï ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha wruqK ioaO¾ufhys iaÓr meje;au Wfoid idudkH .eñ ck;djg
nK O¾uh lshd § Tjqkaf.a ðú; fydÈka yev .kajd .ekSug Wmfoia §uhs' tkï l=i,hg
leu;s i;amqreIhkag jev i|yd O¾ufiak ysñhka úiska ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh keue;s nK l;d
fmd; rpkd lrkq ,nhs'

W.a.fiak isgq mq;ayqf.a l;d jia;=j úpdrh yd úuiqu

oUfoKs hq.fha úiq O¾ufiak ysñhka úiska rÑ; ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh b;d rij;a nK
l;d fmd;ls' md,s Oïu moÜG l:dj weiqre fldg f.k Y%e;s f.dapr fyj;a nK l;d Í;sfhka
,shk ,o ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh jpkfha mßiudma; w¾:fhkau ioyï ueKsla leg wuqKk ,o
ud,hls' tysÈ l;=jrhdf.a l;d ,sùfï wuq;= l,djla wkq.ukh lr we;s nj W.a.fiak kï
isgq mq;y
a qf.a jia;=j ;=<k
s a .uHudk fõ'
O¾ufiak yduqÿrefjda ;u l:dj ,sùu wdrïN lrkqfha ;ud ,sùug n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jkakd jq l;d jia;=j rpkd lsÍug fya;=j olajñks' ta wkqj W.a.fiak kï isgq mq;ayqf.a l;d
jia;=j Wka jykafia rpkd lrkafka zjerÈ bf.kqulska fudf,djg m%fhdackhla ,enqK;a
mrf,djg lsisÿ m%fhdackhla fkdjk nj fmkaùugh'Z

zz ;jo W.ks;a ksrjoH Ys,amhla uq;a idjoH Ys,amfhka ftyf,!lsl m%fhdackhla

uq;"a mdrf,!lsl m%fhdackhla ke;s kshdj yÕjkakg W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;y a qf.a j; lshuq'ZZ

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

8
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hdf.a l;d mqjf;a W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hdf.a prs;h .;aúg lemS
fmfkk m%Odk prs;hls' fuu l;d mqj; mqrdjgu W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hd wNsfhda. /ilg uqyqk
fokq ,nhs' fuu l;d mqj; iudrïNfha oSu úoao;a oshKsh k¾;kfha yd .S; .dhkfha fhfok
wdldrh tu oiqk ne,Sug W.a.fiak meñfKkq ,nhs' fuu úoao;a oshKshf.a kegqï .ehqï
wdYdfjka hq;=j kerUQ W.a.fiakf.a is; weh flf¾ ne÷fkah' wehg jYSlD;j weh flf¾
we;sjk fm%auh jeä jkakg úh' tu ksidfjka weh ,nd.kakg m%h;ak orkq ,nhs' ta wkqj
W.a.fiakg we;s jQ m%n,;u yd uQ,slu wNsfhda.h jQfha kgk" .hk úoao;a oshKsh irK mdjd
.ekSuhs' tfia irK mdjd .ekSfï woyiska wdydr fkdf.k Ôú; mß;Hd.fhka Wmjdihla
wrUk W.afiak ys;=jlaldÍ f,i l%shd lrkq ,nhs' tfia ys;=jlaldÍ f,i W.afiak l%hs d lrk
wdldrh iyDohdf.a is;a we| ne| .kakd whqrska l;=jrhd b;d ueKúka ksrEmKh fldg
we;af;a my; whqrskah'

zz,fod;a Ôj;a fjñ fkd,fod;a ñfhñ is;df.k fkd ld fkd î ye|g ke.S ,d jeo
fyd;a;d yZZ
fï wkqj W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hdf.a m%:u wNsfhda.h jQfha ;udf.a is;.
a ;a úoao;a oshKsh
flfia fyda ,nd .ekSuhs' tfia ,nd .ekSu i|yd W.a.fiakhka udrdka;l s Wmjdihlg
wj;SrK fjhs'
tfia Wmjdihlg wj;SrK jk W.a.fiakhkaf.a is; fjkia lsÍug ;u foudmshka fndfyda
W;aidy orhs' tfia W.a.fiakhkaf.a wfmalaIdjka u. yrjd oeóug foudmshka ;e;a l<;a
W.a.fiakhka Ôú; wNsfhda.hkag fkdie,S" wNS;j uqyqK fohs' foudmshka iy kE ishka
W.a.fiakf.a is;e.shdjka fjkia lsÍug fkeyels jQ ksidu" wjidkfha W.a.fiak m%:u
wNsfhda.h is;+ whqßkau ch .kq ,nhs'
fufia m%:u wNsfhda.h ch.;a W.a.fiakhka úoao;a oshKsh irK mdjd .kS' wk;=rej
fkdfnda l,lska W.a.fiakg odj úoao;a oshKsh mq;l= ,nhs' bka wk;=rej W.a.fiakg we;s jQ
fojk wNsfhda.h jQfha lsisjla fkdoekSfï wNsfhda.h ch .ekSuhs' lsisÿ Ys,amhla fkdokakd
W.a.fiakhkag úoao;a oshKshf.a mshd mjrK ish¨ ld¾hhka lsÍug is÷fjhs' Okfhka n,fhka
l=,fhka wdVHj isá isgq mq;%hdg Tyq fkdis;+ úrE wfkalúO ÿla lï lfgd¨ /ilg uqyqK
oSug is÷fjhs'
zz.e,a r|jd,d yqka;ek § f.dkag ;K f.kjq;a ,;s' fl<s ,¿ mE weúo ;ek ,;a fohla
hk tk ;ekg wÈ;s'ZZ
fï wkqj fujeks ÿIalr jQ" lgql jYfhka mejfrk ld¾Ndrhka fkdmsßfy,d bIaG isoaO
lrk isgq mq;%hd lsisu ldhsl yd udkisl iykhla fkd,nhs' úoao;a oshKshf.a wyxldr mrjY
wmydij,ska isgq mq;%hd hï mkakrhla ,nd .kshs' úoao;a oshKsh ;u is.s;s mq;d k<jk
jHdcfhka oshKshf.a uqjg kxjk jd.a ud,dj .;aúg W.a.fiak lsisjla fkdokakd nj
Wmydid;aul jokska bosßm;a lrhs'

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

9
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

zz .e,a rlskjqf.a mq;" nr Wiq,kakjqf.a mq;" l=ul=;a fkd o;a;jqf.a mq;eZhs lsh lshd k<jhs'

Ys,am Ydia;% fkdo;a W.a.fiakhka ish¨ wNsfhda. wìnjd ch.; yelafla WÜGdk
ù¾hfhka muKla nj wjfndaO lr .kq ,nhs' fufia ;u ìßof.a Wmydihg ,laùu ksidfjka
tlS Wmydihka bjid.; fkdyels úg Tyq wehf.ka ta ms<n s | m%Yak lrhs' túg weh Tyqg
ms<s;=re fokafka fufia h'

zzf;dm .sh uek yqk uekj' f;dm l=ul=;a fkdokakd ;eke;a;jqkaf.ka ug lï lsïZZ

weh ,ndÿka fuu ms<s;=r .ek Tyq is;kakg mgka .kS' úoao;a ÿj ;udg fufia fpdaokd
lrkafka wehs o hkak oeäj is;d n,hs' ;udg t,a,jk wNsfhda.j,g fya;=j fidhd ne,Su tu
wNsfhda.h ch.; yels ud¾.h jkafka hehs wêIaGdk YS,Sj ls%hd lrkq ,nhs' ta wkqj W.a.fiak
isgq mq;%hdf.a prs;h ;=<k
s a fmkS hkafka wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK oSug iQodkï jk wldr
fï wdldrhg ;u ìßof.a lgql joka yd Ys,am W.;a wNsudkh wNsfhda.hla fia i,ld
th ch .ekSug lemùfuka ;ukao Ys,am b.kSu isgq mq;%hdf.a ffO¾hH o m%lg lrjhs' tfiau
wNsfhda. ch .ekSfï yelshdj o ksrEmKh lrhs' fufia iaÒr idr wosgkska WÜGdk ù¾hfhka
Ys,am Ydia;% bf.kqug fm<fUk W.a.fiak isgqmq;%hd ish uhs,Kqjka lrd f.dia Ys,am Ydia;%
ukdj m%.=K lr .kS' fufia ´kEu wNsfhda.hlg uqyqK oS tu wNsfhda. wìnjd tajd ch .ekSu
i|yd fkdie,S wNS;j ish ch udj; fy,s fmfy<s lr .ekSfï taldhk wruqKska l%h s d lsÍug
W.a.fiak iu;a fjhs'
W.a.fiak uhs,Kqjka fj;ska Ys,am bf.k f.k rc.y kqjr Ys,am olajkakg
ierfihs' ta ojfia nqÿ ysñfhda o tys jevu lr;s' ieg ßhkla Wi WK oKafvys w. Ys,am
olaùug iQodkïj isák isgq mq;%hdg nqÿka jykafia oyï foiQy'

zz W.a.fiak fhks" fl<s ,¿fjys we¨ï ;nd,d .sh oji mej;s mia lf|ys wd,h;a
yerej'''ZZ
fufia nqÿ ysñhkaf.a oyï weiQ W.a.fiakhka WK oKav uqÿfkysu ry;a úh' Ys,am
olajkakg iQodkï jQ isgqmq;%hd nqÿ oyfï b.ekafjk mßos Ôúf;a ,eìh yels W;a;Í;r
wNsfhda.h jk ksjk o ch .;af;a h' fï wkqj mru iem; jQ ksjka uÕ mjd ilaId;a lr
.ekSug W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hdg yels jQfha ;ud bosßfha t,a, jQ wNsfhda. ch.;a ksid nj
fuu.ska ;yjqre l< yelsh'

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

10
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

óg wu;rj W.a.fiak l;d mqjf;ys tk pß; .;aúg O¾ufiak ysñhka tu pß; ydiH"
Wmydih yd wkqlïmdj fmroeß j ks¾udKh fldg ;sfí' fuu l;d mqjf;ys tk W.a.fiak
yd úoao;a oshKsh hk pß;;a oajh Y%djlhskaf.a fyda mdGlhskaf.a Ñ;a; ika;dkfhys ydiH"
Wmydih yd wkqlïmdj ckkh jk whqßka m%;k s s¾udKh fldg ;sfí'
fuu l;d mqjf;ys W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hd WK oKafvys kgñka .S .hk úoao;a oshKsh flfrys
we;s lr.kakd fma%uh iq¿ mgq fkdfõ' weh flfrys ne÷Kq fma%uh fld;rï o lsjfyd;a ñhñhs
lshñka fkdld fkdî ihfkys je;sr isáhs'

zz,fod;a Ôj;a fjñ fkd,fod;a ñfhñ is;df.k fkd ld fkd î ye|g ke.S ,d jeo
fyd;a;d yZZ
úoao;a oshKsh ÿgq ú.i fma%ufhka uqim;aj fkd,fod;a ñfhñhs lshñka Ôú;h ke;s lr
.ekSug W;aidy lrk fnd<| fmïj;=kaf.a iajNdjh W.a.fiak isgqmq;af.a prs;h ;=<ska
O¾ufiak ysñfhda ishqï Wmydihla" ydiHhla ksrEmKh fldg ;sfí'
tfiau úoao;a oshKsh flf¾ wd,fhka uqim;aj W.a.fik l%shd lrk wdldrh mdGl
is;;
a =< wkqlïmdjla o we;sfjhs' úoao;a oshKsh flfrys we;slr .kakd fuu fma%uh ksid
W.a.fiak fkdld fkdî lrk udrdka;sl Wmjdih w;yer oeóug W.a.fiakf.a foudmshka
ork m%h;akh iq¿ mgq fkdfõ' fuu l;d mqj; wik Y%djl yd mdGl is;a ;=< isgq mq;%hd
flfrys fukau" wirK foudmshka flfrys o wkqlïmdjla ksrdhdifhkau ckkh fõ'
tfukau W.a.fiakf.a mshdKka úiska ;u mq;%hd fírd .ekSfï wosgkska isgqmq;af.a
hy¿jl= w; uiqrka oyila úoao;a oshKshf.a mshdg hjkq ,nhs' tu uqo,a wrf.k ;u mq;dg
úoao;a oshKsh mdjd fok f,i W.a.fiakf.a fouõmsfhda úoao;a oshKshf.a mshdf.ka l< b,a,Su
l;=jrhd ishqï Wmydihg ,la lrhs' ;u orejkaf.a wdorh yd újdyh uqo,g yE,a¨ lrk
iudch l;=jrhd isgqmq;af.a mshdKkaf.a pß;h ;=<k
s a ishqï Wmydihg ,la lrhs'
W.a.fiak isgqmq;%hd ;u is;e.s mrsos úoao;a oshKsh irK mdjd .kS' miqj fkdfnda l,lska
W.a.fiakg odj úoao;a oshKshg mqf;l= ,efnhs' weh orejd k<jkafka isgqmq;%hdg Wmydi
lrñks'
zz.e,a rlskjqf.a mq;" nr Wiq,kakjqf.a mq;" l=ul=;a fkd o;a;jqf.a mq;eZhs lsh lshd k<jhs'ZZ

fï whqßka úoao;a oshKshf.a uqjg kxjk ,o wyxldr mrjY jpk ydiH rih fukau"
Wmydi rih o biau;= ù fmfka' fujeks joka wik" lshjk Y%djlhd fyda mdGlhd ;=<o
W.a.fiak isgq mq;%hd lfrys wkqlïmdjla fiau Wmydi rih yd ydiHh o ksr;=reju ckkh
fjhs'

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

11
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

tfiau W.a.fiak isgqmq;%hd f.dkqkag ;K foñka" ,;a foh tyd fuyd f.k hñka"
wm%udK fufyjr lrñka" ÿla .eyeg úosñka" kskaod wmydi úosñka .; lrk ksiaidr osúh
l;=jrhd mdGlhd ;=< ohdkqlïmdj we;sfjk whqßka ksrEmKh fldg ;sfí'
fï wkqj fuu l;d mqj; ;=< ksrEmKh jQ pß; .;aúg tu pß;j, yeisÍï rgdj ;=<ska
Wmydih" ydiHh fukau wkqlïmdj o ;Sj% jk fia tu pß; W.a.fiak l;d mqj; ;=<
úldYkh lr we;s wdldrh fuu.ska ueKúka úYo fõ'
ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh jQ l,S rid,sma; iïNdjH lD;shls' fuh nK l;d Í;sfhka ,shjqK o
wl=re fkdo;a idudkH ckhdg nK l;d ck l;d iajrEmfhka bosrsm;a fldg ;sfí' ta wkqj
ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfhys W.a.fiak l;d mqj; .;aúg O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï iqúfYaIS
;djhka /ila oelsh yelsh' ta wkqj Wkajykafiaf.a l;d lSfï iqúfYaI;ajh .;aúg tu
iqúfYaIS ,laIKhka jkafka l;d mqj; wdrïNfha oSu tys .eí jQ WmfoaYh m%lg lsÍuhs'
^l;dfõ wruqK idrxYhla f,i bosrsm;a lr;
fuu l;d jia;=fõ wdrïNfha oS tys .eí jQ uQ,sl O¾fudamfoaYh m%lg lsÍug l;= ysñfhda
iu;a ù ;sfí' th l;=jrhdf.a l;d l,dfõ úfYaI;ajh nj fuysoS mejeish hq;=h'
zz ;jo W.ks;a ksrjoH Ys,amhla uq;a idjoH Ys,amfhka ftyf,!lsl m%fhdackhla uq;"a
mdrf,!lsl m%fhdackhla ke;s kshdj yÕjkakg W.a.fiak kï isgqmq;y a qf.a j; lshuq'ZZ

fuu mdGh ;=<ska Y%djlhdg fyda mdGlhdg osh hq;= w.kd WmfoaYh fyj;a uQ,sl oyï
mKsúvh ir,j ,nd oS ;sfí' fuh O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï tla iqúfYaIS ,laIKhls'

óg wu;rj l;d mqj; wjidkfha oS jákd O¾fudamfoaYhka fyda tys m%fhdack fy<s
lsÍu o O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï ;j;a iqúfYaIS ,laIKhls' W.a.fiak l;d mqj;
wjidkfha oS o udyeÕs O¾fudamfoaYhka ck yoj;g oefkkfia is;a .kakd whqßka ,nd oS ;sfí'
fuu l;d mqjf;ys wjidkfhys ,nd fok jákdu Tjok jkafka wkqkag ks.re fldg l;d
lsÍfuka je<lsh hq;=h hk Tjokhs'

zzfu is; ;nd" wkqkakg fy<d msßfy<d ÿre úh hq;=ZZ

O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï B,Õ iqúfYaIS ldrKdj jkafka O¾ufoaYkd ffY,sh Tiafia
l;d mqj;a úldYkh lsÍuhs'

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

12
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

zz kgk úoao;= mkaishfhla yjqreoafoka i uiska rc.ykqjrg wjqÈka rÊcqrejkag i;shla

uq¿,af,ys fl<s mE fndfyda r;a rka ,efn;s'''ZZ
fufia O¾ufoaYkd ffY,shg wkql+,j l;d mqj;g wj;SrK jk O¾ufiak ysñmdfKda
ta ta prs;hkaf.a yevrejlï yd ienE uqyqKq jr lshjkakdf.a;"a wikakdf.a;a is;g ueKúka
m%lg jk fia tlS prs; j¾Kkd j,g ,lafldg ;sfí'
tfiau O¾ufiak ysñhka l;d lSfï oS .eUqre oyï lreKq ,sys,aj f.kyer mdñka
l;dj úldYkh fldg ;sfí' fuh O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï ;j;a iqúfYaIS ,laIKhls'
W.a.fiak l;dj ;=<ka Y%oaOdj ;Sj% jk fia Y%jHf.darpr udOHfhka wjia:d ksrEmKh fldg
;sfí' fuh o O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï iqúfYaIS ,laIKhls'
fuu lreKq yereKq úg O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï úfYaI;ajhka fndfyduhla
W.a.fiak l;dmqj;ska oelsh yelsh' ta wkqj l;dj idudkH ckhdg wjfndaO lr oSug .eñ
jyr fuka u" úh;a nia jyr o ueKúka fhdodf.k ;sfí'
 .eñ jyr - yqK ovq" ilauka" .S;
 úh;a nia jyr - ydjNdj ,S,d" jdfhdaod;ajdêl

tfiau l;=jrhd wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKfha oS ixjdo ñY%s; nia jyrla fhdod f.k ;sfí'
th O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï l,dfõ ;j;a iqúfYaIS ,laIKhls' úoao;a ÈhKsh
W.a.fiakg wmyi lrk w;r orejd k<jk wjia:dfjys W.a.fiakhka ta ms<sno wehf.ka
úuik wjia:dj ixjdod;aul wjia:djls'

zzfï yeu ud wrUhd lshuq oeZZ

zztfia h" wks;a ldg lshï o @ f;dmu f;dg weúÈkd lghq;= fyhska f;dm u wrNhd lshñZZ
zzf;dm ksid úoao;a jqjd u|ska kmqre;a weiqj ukdo m,d fhñZZ
zzf;dm .sh uek" yqk uekj' f;dm l=ul=;a fkdokakd ;eke;a;jqkaf.ka ug lï lsï oe @ZZ

O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a l;d lSfï ó<Õ iqúfYaI;ajh jkafka l;dj jv jvd;a rij;a
lsÍug wjia:dfkdaÑ; Wmud fhdod .ekSuhs' W.a.fiak l;d mqjf;a fndfyda ;ekaj, tjeks
Wmud /ila oelsh yelsh' ta wkqj W.a.fiak Ys,am oelaùug iQodkï jQ úg uyd fikÕ th
keröug meñKsfha h' fikÕ lg o,ajdf.k W.a.fiakf.a kegqï krUoaoS nqÿka jykafia o
t;ekg jeä fial' túg ish¨ ckhd W.a.fiak foi fkdj ta kegqu fld;rï úiau ckl jqjo

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

13
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

tu kegqu yer ish¨ ckhka nqÿka jykafia foi neÆy' th ye.ùug fhÿ Wmudj jQfha
zzmeiqKq f.dhï uq,a jqjd fia ZZ hkak Wmudjhs'

tfiau W.a.fiak nK wid ry;aùu yd meúos ùu fukau uy ry;ka flfkl= njg m;aùu
èjks; lf<a o wmQ¾j Wmudjlsks' ta zzieg jia .sh uy f;r flfkl=ka jykafia fuka ZZ hkak
Wmudfjks'
tfukau úoao;a ÿj ;u mq;= k<joaoS isgq mq;%hdg lmá lñka nek josk wjia:dj
zzwjlmamkfhka iEÿ yiq rEk w,ajd weos weos fia ÿjkakd fia ZZ hkak wmQre Wmudjlska olajd
;sfí'
óg wu;rj W.a.fiak l;d mqj; .;aúg tu l;d jia;=j mqrdjgu iðù ;d;aúl
wjia:d ksrEmKhkka oelsh yelsh' tu wjia:d ksrEmKhka lsysmhla my; oelafõ'
ta wkqj fuu l;d mqj; ;=< olakg ,efnk kdgl ia;%sh ish yqK oKav u; ish olaI;d
m%o¾Ykh lrk wjia:dj W.a.fiak l;d jia;=fjys olakg ,efnk b;d m%n, wjia:d
ksrEmKh ls'
zztla ojila lUfha kgk tll=f.a ÿjla yqKo~q w.l § kgk tlla Ys,am n,fhka Wv wyi
ilaukq;a flfrhs¦ kghs¦ .S;a lshhs'ZZ
tfukau W.a.fiakhkaf.a ìßo ish orejd k<jk wjia:dj o fuys we;s ;j;a wjia:d
ksrEmKh ls'
zz .e,a rlskjqf.a mq;" nr Wiq,kakjqf.a mq;" l=ul=;a fkd o;a;jqf.a mq;eZhs lsh lshd k<jhs'
W.a.fiakhka b;d wêIaGdk YS,Sj uhs, kqjka flfrka ish¨ Ys,am Ydia;% bf.k f.k
ck;dj bÈßfha WK ovq by< ke.S úl=uka mdkd wjia:dj fuu W.a.fiak l;d mqjf;ys we;s
;j;a wjia:d ksrEmKh ls'
W.a.fiak l;dj wjidkfhys w;=re l;djla oelafjhs' thska lshfjkafka
W.a.fiakhka ry;a ùug bjy,a jQ idOlh hs' ta wkqj liqma nqÿkaf.a rka od.en boslÍ
s ug hk
w;r;=r ry;ka jykafia kulg oka ms<. s ekaùfï l=i,fhka ry;aj we;' W.a.fiakhka
ry;ka jikafiag fuu odkh ms<s.ekafjk wjia:dj o b;d is;a .kakd wjia:d ksrEmKh ls'

fï wdoS jYfhka n,k l< W.a.fiak l;d mqj; ;=< b;d is;a .kakd iÔù ;d;aúl
wjia:d ksrEmKhka /ilska iukaú; jk nj fuu.ska .uHudk fõ'

O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a NdId ffY,sh .;aúg Wkajykafia l;d ks¾udKh lrkafka

idudkH ckhd wruqKq lrf.khs' tu ksid idudkH ck;djg f;areï .;yels ir, nia jyrla

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

14
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

fhdod f.k ;sfí' ta wkqj fuu l:d mqjf;ys o ;;ald,Sk iudcfha idudkH ckhd w;r
jHjydrfha mj;sk ir, nia jyrla fhdod f.k ;sfí'

zzu ÿj úl=Kkak ke;' rka yer f.k fkdfoñ' wmg;a rlaIdj kï W!u fõo @
fkd,fod;a ñfhkakñ" ñh m%fhdackj;a lsïo @ wm her fjku ÿj mjd foñhsZ

;jo md,s il= ñY% joka Ndú;d fldg ;sfí' tkï iX.%yfha jfhda jdOd;aúl" ihx
isoaO ialkaOhka" ukqIH" n%dyauK" úfYaIhg" ksIm a %fhdackhg" úN+;' hk wdÈh fõ' tfukau
fuu l:dfõ rih ;Sj% lsÍfï wfmalI a dfjka wkqm%did;aul fhÿï Ndú;d fldg ;sfí'

zzlsh lshdZZ
zzweÈ we§ZZ
zzta foh fï fohZZ
zziS ieß,d iS" ieß mshdZZ
zzydj Ndj ,S,dZZ

l;dj ,sùfï§ l;= ysñfhda úhrK ms<snoj ie,ls,su;a ù ;sfí' Wla; wdLHd;h úhrK
Í;shg wkql+,j .e,mq jels j, nyq,j nyq jpk Wla;hka iys; jels o l;d mqjf;ys bÈßm;a
fldg ;sfí'

 ta wid iqjdiQ oyila fok ksjka ols;s'

 W! fkd .súisu;a uh
 nqÿyq;a nK jodrk fiala
 W.a.fiak isgq mq;a yqo ''' kexf.da h
 fï folg u ksiai fldf<da u ;=uQ uh

tfiau W.a.fiak l;d jia;=j bÈßm;a fldg ;sfnkafka ixjdod;aul ffY,hlska hq;=j h'
Y%djlhdf.a taldldß nj fjkia lsÍfï wfmalaIdfjka O¾ufiak ysñfhda tys oS ixjdod;aul ni
fhdod f.k ;sfí' W.a.fiakhka ry;aj yqK oKafvka neiai úg ieg ßhkla jq WK oKafvka

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

15
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

neiSug ìh jqfha keoaoehs uq.,ka f;reka úuik wjia:dj ixjdod;aul NdIdj fhdod f.k
;sfnk wjia:djls'

zzweje;aks ieg ßhka Wi yqKq oKafvka niakd .ufka nhla fkdùo @ZZ

zzwmg nfhla ke;ZZ

úoao;a ÈhKsh W.a.fiakg wmyi lrk w;r orejd k<jk wjia:dfjys

W.a.fiakhka ta ms<sno wehf.ka úuik wjia:dj ixjdod;aul wjia:djls'

zzfï yeu ud wrUhd lshuq oeZZ

zztfiah wks;a ldg lshïo f;dmu fldg lshïo f;dmu f;dg weúÈkd lghq;= fyhska
f;dmu wrUhd lshñZZ'
zzf;dm ksid úoao;a jqjd uÈka kmqre ;a weiqj ukdo m,d fhñZZ
zzf;dm .sh uek yqk uekj' f;dm l=ul=;a fkdokakd ;eke;a;jqkaf.ka ug lï lsïZZ

O¾ufiak ysñmdfKda ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha NdId Ndú;fha § Wmud fhdod f.k we;s

nj W.a.fiak l;d mqjf;ka ikd: fõ'

zzyiq rEk w,ajd weos weos fia ÿjkakd fia ZZ

zzmeiqKq f.dhï uq,a jqjd fia ZZ

zzieg jia .sh uy f;r flfkl=ka jykafia fuka ZZ

l;=jrhd ;u ks¾udKh rij;a lsÍug fhdod .;a ;j;a rpkd Wml%uhla jkafka
m%Yakd¾: fhÿï Ndú;hhs' tan j l;d mqjf;ys fndfyda ;ekaj, olajkq ,efí'

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

16
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

zzry;a jkakg ksisj l< mskqka ljf¾o@" fï yeu ud wrUhd lshuq o @" wmg;a rlaIdj kï W!
u fõo @ fkd ,fod;a ñfhka kï ñh m%fhdack lsïo @" weje;aks ieg ßhka yqK oKafvka
niakd .ufka Nfhla fkdùoe @ZZ
fuu l;d mqjf;a fndfyda ;ekaj, z,dZ ksmd;h nyq, jYfhka Ndú;d lr we;s nj oel
.; yels fõ'
 .e,a r|jd ,d
 wyig kÕS ,d
 isieß ,d
 ol=K; Èla fldg ,d
 lshk kshdj oek ,d
 zYs,am olajñZ lshd ,d
 ug lï lsïoehs lshd ,d
 NslIa qkag ms<s.kajd ,d
 uyf;reka jykafia nKjd ,d
 isÕd jvk fõ,dj i,ld ,d

tu z,dZ ksmd; Ndú;hg wu;rj O¾ufiak ysñhkag reÑ f,i fhÿ flá jels iy È.=
jels o l;d mqjf;ys fhdod ;sfí'

flá jels
zzkghs" .S;a lshhsZZ
zzisgqmq;a f;fï Ys,am olajó lshd ,d yqKovq w. isáùZZ
zzTyqf.a keàï olakd ksid fndfyda fokd /iafj;sZZ
zzuu t;eoS .d:djla lshñZZ ta wid iqjdiQ oyila ksjka ols;Zs Z

È.= jels Ndú;h

zzúoaj;dfKda o" isgq mq;%hdKka okakd úoao;a Ys,amhla ke;;a'''''' rg uq¿,af,a fl<s
,M mE weúÈ;sZZ
zztojia nqÿyq;a w¨hï fõf,a f,dj n,k fiala yqK ovq w.g kef.kakdg''''ZZ

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

17
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

tfuka O¾ufiak ysñhka ,shq W.a.fiak l;d jia;=fjys O¾fudaamfoaYhka /ila

Wkajykafia wmg ,ndfohs' tajd my; whqßka oelaúh yelsh'

 tf,djg;a fuf,djg;a jeo.;a jk hym;a wOHdmkh ,eìh hq;= nj

 .e<fmk újdyhla lr .; hq;= nj
 ud yg fï foa we;ehs udkakdêl fkdúh hq;= nj
 W;aidyjka; nj wm i;= úh hq;= nj

W.a.fiak l;d jia;=fõ;a" l=if,ys wdksixY fmkajd § tfiau fuu l;d mqj;ska tÈfkod
ðú;h fuf,dj jYfhkq;a mrf,dj jYfhkq;a id¾:l lr .ekSu ioyd ,nd fok O¾u
WmfoaYhla jkafka ksjerÈ ud¾f.damfoaYhhs' O¾ufiak ysñhka úiska úrÑ;
ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys tk W.a.fiak l;d jia;=j fndfyda WmfoaYkhka rdYshla ,nd fok ud
ye.s nK l;djls' fuys tk WmfoaYhka nqoaOld,Sk iudchg;a" j¾;udk iudhg;a bjy,a lr
.; yels nj ioyka l, yelsh' fï l;d ;=<ska fyj;a nK l;d ;=<ska wfma udkisl ;Dma;h s
,nd .; yels w;r W.a.fiak l;d jia;=j fld;rï ud ye.s WmfoaYd;aul l;d mqj;lao
hkak by; lreKq ;=<ks a ikd: lr .; yelsh'

33

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

18
Ydia;%fõoS pkaodf,dal yduqÿrefjda ORDINARY LEVEL

zzidys;H ix.S; l,d úySk#

idlaId;a mY=# mqÉPúYdk ySk#
;DKx k Ldokakms Ôjudk#
;oaNd.fèhx mrux mY=kdïZZ

idys;Hh" ix.S;h jeks

l,d wx.hkaf.a weiqr ,nkakg
wlue;s ñksid"
wx ;Ügqjl=;a" j,s.h;a ke;s
yrfll= jeksh'
tfy;a Tyq
;K fld< fkdlEu
ienE yrl=kaf.a jdikdjls'

lk yryd fudf,ag $ Ôú;fha yqiau ;rï ióm wfma isxy, mka;sh

19