Display

p y Device Trainingg
‐ LCD & LED
NOVACOM

Beginner Level
 What do you know about LCD ?
• LCD TV • Contrast Ratio
• LED TV • Response Time
• CCFL • Motion Flow
• HCFL • HDMI
• SD • CEC
• HD • HDCP
• Full HD • DLNA
• Backlight
g • Hotel Mode
 LCD & LED TV
• What
at iss LCD
C ?
– Liquid Crystal Display
• What is LCD TV?
– Is a Display Device that using Liquid Crystal Display
technology with florescent lamp as a light source to
display picture instead of using Cathode Ray Tube
technology.
• What is LED TV?
– Is a Display Device that using Liquid Crystal Display
technology with LED as a light source to display
picture
i t iinstead
t d off using
i C Cathode
th d RRay TTube
b ttechnology.
h l
LCD Construction
Panel Module
Backlight
 Backlight
• CCFL
CC

• HCFL

• LED
– White
– RGB
 CCFL Backlight
• What is CCFL?
– Cold Cathode Florescent Lamp
– Is a lighting system that uses two phenomena:
• electron discharge & fluorescence.
• CCFL backlights have very good performance
properties which include:
– good luminous intensity,
– high density (compact and light weight),
– good color reproduction/uniformity,
– vibration/impact resistance,
resistance
– durability,
– quick start at low temperature,
– long lifetime and high efficiency
 CCFL Backlight
• How it works?
– A CCFL lamp is constructed from a sealed glass tube with an electrode on
each end.
– The inside surface of the tube is coated with a phosphor material and filled
with inert gases such as argon (Ar) and neon (Ne) mixed with a slight
amount (approx. 4mg Hg per lamp) of mercury vapor (Hg).
– When a high voltage is applied to the electrodes,
electrodes the gas is ionized allowing
the electrical current to flow.
– When ionized, the gas emits ultraviolet light that is converted to visible light
as it strikes the phosphor coating on the inside surface of the bulb.
– The color of the visible light depends on the type of the gas and phosphor
used. The figure depicts the construction of the CCFL bulb.
 CCFL vs Fluorescent lamps
• Fluorescent lamps and cold
cathode fluorescent lamps
have extremely similar
constructions, but they use
different types of electron
discharge.
• Fluorescent lamps discharge
electrons throughg a material
called an emitter by heating
electrodes, while CCFLs
discharge
g electrons without
heating by using electrode.
• This is due to the
construction of each lamp
lamp'ss
electrode
 HCFL Backlight
• What is HCFL?
– Hot Cathode Florescent Lamp
• Utili
Utilizes internal
i t l filaments
fil t th
thatt mustt b
be h
heated
t d by
b an
external current prior to lighting by a ballast device, similar
to the common fluorescent light used in the home.
• In this device, a gaseous mixture flows between two
tungsten electrodes or filaments.
Main differences between CCFL & HCFL
Cold cathode fluorescent lamps Hot cathode fluorescent lamps

Lamp diameter 1.8 to 5.0 mm 15 to 32 mm

Starting voltage High Low

Tube current Low High

Luminous flux Low High

Luminous efficacy Low High

Lifetime up to 60,000 hours 3,000 to 15,000 hours

Tube can be made thinner Highly efficient

Strong points
Longer lifetime Greater volume of light
NOVACOM
 LED Backlight
• There are 2 type of LED backlight
– Edge
g LED : Normallyy use white LED as LED source
– Full Array LED : Can be RGB LED or white LED
• RGB LED backlights
– Demand color mixing technology in order to
overcome unevenness of luminance.
– Color mixingg has significantly
g y improved
p with an
increased understanding of the design and function of
direct backlight concept
• White LED backlights
– relatively low power consumption and
– high NTSC gamut
 NTSC Color Gamut
• Color gamut is the range of color a
display can reproduce and is
commonly expressed as a
percentage of NTSC.
• Although NTSC stands for National
Television System Committee
Committee,
which developed television
standards for North America, in
this instance, 100% of NTSC refers
to the
h full
f ll range off color
l that
h can
theoretically be displayed.
• CRTs is about 70% of NTSC. A
display that can combine both high
luminance and a high‐percentage
color gamut should provide the
best image‐ reproduction
capability.
bili
 LCD & LED TV ‐ type
• There are 2 type of LCD & LED TV
– HD
– Full HD
• What is the different of each type?
– Native resolution
– HD : 1366 x 768
– Full HD : 1920 x 1080
 Contrast Ratio
• What is Contrast Ratio?
– is the difference between light
(white color) and dark (black color)
on a screen, expressed by a
number.
• What is Dynamic Contrast Ratio?
– The ability of automatically change
the darkest color ((black)) to
minimum in order to create the real
darker image on screen
 SD vs HD vs Full HD
• What is SD ?
– Standard Definition
– Frame size of 480 or 576
• What is HD ?
– High Definition
– Frame size of 1280 x 720
• What is Full HD ?
– High Definition
– Frame size of 1920 x 1080
 Response Time
• What is Response Time?
– Is a time required for Liquid Crystal to switch from ON to OFF or OFF to
ON

• Which is better? Higher or Lower?

– Lower

• What is the effect if the response time is too higher?

– Picture will become blur during movement scene

• During introduction of LCD technology, why there are no blur effect

to LCD TV that sold at store?
– Because all the LCD manufacture manage to process the image until it
complete before display to screen
– This will cause picture lagging
 Motion Flow
• What is Motion Flow?
– is a technic to create a smoother images by
inserting new frames between standard frames.
frames
• What is the purpose of Motion Flow
– To improve picture quality and clarity in fast
moving scenes
– In order to reduce motion blur and picture
lagging.
 Motion Flow Terminology
• JVC calls their 100 Hz + technology "Clear Motion Drive" and
"Clear Motion Drive II 100/120HZ".
/

• LG calls their 100 Hz + technology "TruMotion".

• Mitsubishi calls their 100 Hz + technology "Smooth120Hz".

• Samsung calls their 100 Hz + technology AMP "Auto

Auto Motion
Plus“ and “Motion Rate”

• Sony calls their 100 Hz + technology "Motionflow".

Motionflow .

• Toshiba calls their 100 Hz + technology "Clear Frame".

 HDMI & CEC
• What is HDMI ?
– High‐Definition Multimedia Interface
– is a compact audio/video interface for
transmitting uncompressed digital data
What is HDMI Cable ?

Video cable : To carry composite video signal.

Be able to support video display resolution signal up
to 480p

DVD cablebl : To
T carry YUV signal.
i l
Contain 3 video cable. Every cable carry
Y signal, R-Y signal and B-Y signal
pp
Be able to support video display
p y resolution signal
g up
p
to 1080i

HDMI cable : Be able to carry all type of video & audio

signal.
Be able to support video display resolution signal up
to 1080p (Offer better detail and high picture quality)
 What is advantage of HDMI
• Q lit
Quality:
– Because HDMI is a digital interface, it provides the best quality of the
video since there are no loss analogue to digital conversions as are
required for all analogue connections (such as component or S-video).
Th difference
The diff iis especially
i ll noticeable
ti bl att hi
higher
h resolutions
l ti suchh as
1080p.

• Ease-of-use:
– HDMI combines video and multi-channel audio into a single cable,

• Intelligence:
– HDMI supports two
two-way
way communication between the video source
(such as a DVD player) and the DTV,
– enabling new functionality such as automatic configuration and one-
touch play.

• HD Content-Ready:
– HDMI devices supporting HDCP have the comfort of knowing they will
have access to premium HD content now and in the future.
 HDMI with CEC

What is CEC ?
CEC : Customer Electronics Control

Consumer Electronics Control channel

The channel:
Uses the industry standard AV LINK protocol
Used for remote control functions.
One
One-wire
. wire bidirectional serial bus.
bus
This feature is used in two ways:
To allow the user to command and control multiple CEC-enabled boxes with one remote control.
To allow individual CEC-enabled boxes to command and control each other without user
intervention.
intervention
Back Ground of CEC

1 remote can
control
everything

Too many
remote
CEC
is a feature that enables
connected devices to control
each other over one wire.

HDMI CEC is a upgraded version

of HDMI software that capable
of controlling multiple HDMI
devices
HDMI with CEC

CEC Pin 1 TMDS Data2

Pin 2 TMDS Data2 Shield
Pin 3 TMDS Data2
Pin 4 TMDS Data1
Pin 5 TMDS Data1 Shield
Pin 6 TMDS Data1
Pin 7 TMDS Data0
Pin 8 TMDS Data0 Shield
Pin 9 TMDS Data0
Pin 10 TMDS Clock
Pin 11 TMDS Clock Shield
Pin 12 TMDS Clock
Pin 13 CEC
Pin 14 Reserved (N.C. on device)
Pin 15 SCL
Pin 16 SDA
Pin 17 DDC/CEC Ground
Pin 18 +5 V Power
Pin 19 Hot Plug Detect
 HDMI with CEC
Does other manufactures support this CEC features?
■ All of the major TV makers support it, but they all call it

something different.

SAMSUNG  Anynet+
A t+
TOSHIBA  CE-Link
PANASONIC  EZ-Link
SONY  BRAVIA Sync
LG  SimpleLink
HDMI with CEC

HDMI contains basic and enhanced features.

All the features added since version 1.1 are optional.
Th f
Therefore a higher
hi h version
i ddoes NOT necessarily il
mean enhanced features.
HDMI with CEC
 CEC Features

One Touch Play

When the user starts p
playback
y with DVD/HDD recorder or
DVD player which is connected to TV, TV powers on if powered
off and changes the external input for the active device.

All Off
When TV is powered off, AV amp, DVD/HDD recorder or DVD player,
which are connected to TV, are power off correspondingly.

Synchronized operation with AV amp

When AV amp is used, TV Speaker will OFF and, sound only coming
from AV amp and <Volume +/-> keys and < Mute > key works for AV amp.

NOVACOM
 HDCP – High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection

-HDCP is a form of digital rights management developed by Intel to

control digital audio and video content as it travels across DVI or
HDMI connections.

-HDCP is proprietary and an implementation of HDCP requires a

license.

-In addition to paying fees, licensees agree to limit the capabilities

of their products. High-definition digital video content is restricted
to DVD quality on non
non-HDCP
HDCP video outputs
outputs. DVD
DVD-Audio
Audio content
is restricted to DAT quality on non-HDCP digital audio outputs
(analog audio outputs have no quality limits).
 HDCP – High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection

-Licensees cannot allow their devices to make copies off content,

and must design their products to “effectively frustrate attempts to
defeat the content protection requirements.”

-HDCP’s main target is to prevent transmission of non-encrypted

high definition content. 3 systems were developed to achieve that
goal:

1. Authentication process disallows non-genuine devices to

receive HD content.

2. Encryption of the actual data sent over DVI or HDMI prevent

dropping of info.

3 Key revocation procedures ensures violation of license

3.
agreement easily been blocked from receiving HD data.
 DLNA – Digital Living Network Alliance

- DLNA is an alliance of leading companies in the consumer

electronics, mobile and personal computer industries.

g the companies
- It aim is to align p and have industryy standards,
which will allow products from all companies to be compatible
with each other and to enable a network of electronic devices
in the home.

- In this way, consumers will be able to enjoy digital living easily

and seamlessly. Companies, under the alliance will still be able
to innovate and differentiate their own products.

- Some of the industry’s leaders, including Motorola, Philips,

Samsung, Matsushita, Hewlett-Packard, Sony, Microsoft, Intel
and Nokia,
Nokia have joined the alliance
alliance. It is still in its early stages
stages,
however DLNA certification is available now.
DLNA – Digital Living Network Alliance
 General Info on LCD TV
• Handling
• Life time
• Comparison
C i screen size
i (CRT
(C vs LCD)
C )

Note :
LCD6 : KDL‐40EX520
 Video Resolution
• What is Video Resolution ?
– usually used to mean pixel dimensions, the number of
pixels in each dimension (e.g., 1366 x 768)
– Compare
p to CRT TV,, LCD have fix native p
pixel.
– If LCD display low resolution picture or video, it will
automatically zoom the image or video to full fill the panel
size.
– And this will cause bad impact to picture quality.
• Video resolution for TV
– 480i or 480p
– 576i or 576p
– 720i or 720p
– 1080i or 1080p
Video Resolution