Criterion B Noa

Task 1:

The purpose of this experiment is to understand how the concentration of hydrochloric acid,
can affect the rate of reaction of the calcium carbonate chips.
The essential feature of collision theory is that the particles must collide, therefore the
reaction can happen. The particles need a sufficient amount of energy to do so, and they
also need to be oriented in the correct direction.
The different things that can affect the rate of reaction are, temperature, light, the
concentration of the reactants, and also if a catalyst is present in the reaction.
Throughout this experiment, the main factor that will be investigated is the change in the rate
of reaction. This experiment consists of adding 4 grams of calcium carbonate to 50cm3 of
hydrochloric acid. The main goal of this experiment is to see the change in mass throughout
a certain period of time, in this case, every 30 seconds. The chemical equation of this
experiment is the following: CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O. This equation helps
us understand that the mass will decrease because carbon dioxide is released, which
will impact this factor. This tells us that the rate of reaction is mass over time.
This experiment is worth doing because it shows how when hydrochloric acid reacts with
calcium carbonate and releases carbon dioxide. The results of this experiment are
important because they help us understand, that when acid rain reacts with carbonates
in building materials. This can prevent us from making things out of carbonate, therefore,
preventing these objects from being melted by acid rain.

Task 2:

Hypothesis:
If the concentration of hydrochloric acid was increased,
then the rate of reaction will also increase,
because hydrochloric acid is one of the reactants of this experiment, and the rate of
reaction is mostly dependent on these. When increasing the concentration of reactants,
more collisions between the hydrochloric acid molecules and the calcium chloride
molecules will occur.
This prediction has been made by relying on the collision theory, which states that when
molecules collide, it creates energy and heat, and speeds up a chemical reaction.

Task 3:

In this experiment, the independent variable is the concentration of hydrochloric acid,

which is measured in cm3, and the dependent variable is the rate of reaction, which is
mass over time (g/s). To make sure that the independent variable is varied, I will be
using different amounts of hydrochloric acid, for example, 0.5 mol, 1 mol, and 1.5 mol.
Then, to ensure that I have enough data and for it to be reliable, I will be doing 3
different trials and eventually make an average of my results. I will be doing this by
adding my three different results and dividing the total by 3.
To be able to collect the raw data for the independent variable, I will be measuring the
mass before the experiment, and after the experiment. I will then compare the results
and draw a conclusion. To convert the raw data into the dependent variable, I will draw a
graph, where I will find the gradient, which will be my rate of reaction.

Variables Data range How will I measure this?

Independent The concentration of 0.5 mol, 1 mol, and 1.5

hydrochloric acid (cm3) mol.
3 different trials.

Dependent Rate of reaction (g/s) Convert my raw data on a

graph, then I will find the
gradient and this will give
me my rate of reaction.

Controlled Amount of calcium I will be using a scale to

carbonate (4g)
Amount of hydrochloric
acid (50cm3)
Temperature of the
hydrochloric acid (25
degrees Celcius)
make sure the amount of
calcium carbonate is 4
grams, I will place them on
a piece of paper to make
sure they stay together.
For the hydrochloric acid, I
will use a 250ml beaker,
and use my precision to
measure 50cm3 of this
liquid.

Then I will use a

thermometer to make sure
the liquid is at 25 degrees
Celcius.

Controlled Variables What would happen if it

increased or decreased?

Calcium carbonate If the amount of calcium

carbonate was increased,
the rate of reaction would
be higher, because there
are more molecules of
calcium carbonate for the
hydrochloric acid to react
with. If there were less
molecules, the rate of
reaction would be lower.
 Hydrochloric acid If the concentration of
hydrochloric acid was
increased, the rate of
reaction would increase
because the number of
collisions between the
hydrochloric acid and
calcium carbonate
molecules would occur
more often, which would
create more energy. If it
was decreased, the rate of
reaction would be lower,
because less collisions
would happen.

Temperature If the temperature was

increased, the temperature
would be higher, as the
molecules of calcium
carbonate and the
molecules of hydrochloric
acid would speed up and
collide more often. If the
temperature was
decreased, the molecules
would move slower,
causing less collisions and
the rate of reaction would
be lower.

Task 4:

Materials:

● 1 small piece of paper

● 1 A4 piece of scrap paper (to write down the results)
● 1 pen
● 1 250ml beaker
● 1 scale
● Calcium carbonate
● Hydrochloric acid
● 1 A4 page of graph paper
● 1 stopwatch
● Cotton wool

Method:

1) Weigh the correct amount of calcium carbonate, using a scale and a little piece of
paper. Weigh 4 grams.
 2) Pour 50ml (50cm3) of hydrochloric acid inside the beaker.
3) Add the calcium carbonate pieces to the hydrochloric acid, directly start the timer and
place the cotton wool on top of the beaker, to prevent any splashing.
4) When the timer hits 30 seconds, weigh the beaker again, with a piece of paper and
write down the result.
5) Repeat step 4 every 30 seconds, until the timer hits 5 minutes.
6) Analyze the results written down, and make a graph using mass over time.
7) Plot the results on the graph and make a best-fit line.
8) Draw a tangent line to measure the gradient.
9) Repeat steps 1-8 three times.
10) Make an average of the results, according to their time.
11) Draw a graph with the average results and draw a line connecting all the dots.
12) Finally, draw a tangent line and measure the gradient.
13) Clear up all the equipment.

Hazards:

The hazards that could be dangerous would be the splashing of the hydrochloric acid, this is
why we place cotton wool on the beaker.