DEFINITION

empires and the Independence of their colonies. Affected around 50 countries

-Ended in 1975.

-Creation of the concept Third World

- The Second World War: These countries became combat theatres, became aware of

- Increasing awareness empires could not be maintained

- Emergence of charismatic leaders: Have studied in European universities and military

academies, formed political parties according to those existing in the metropole and

- International support: Christian churches, international humanitarian movements, and

- Non Aligned Movement, Bandung, 1955

DECOLONISATION PROCESS
- First stage 1945-1955: began in Asia. Affected British, Dutch and French
STAGES
- Second stage 1956-1975: North African and Sub Saharan countries
- Third stage 1975: small territories of the Arabian Peninsula, islands of the

- Ways: pacts (Commonwealth), by forcé or mixed process

 -Colonial elites leading protests and political parties, guerrilla
groups
CHARACTERS

- Peacefully: UK
WAYS TO
colonies

- Democratic regimes

NEW STATES -Communist regimes

-Religious nationalistic base
 FAR EAST - British colonies in Hindustan East India Company until 1858

- Congress Party 1885 wanted independence. Gain support except for Muslims
- Muslims create in 1906 Muslim League

- Amristar Massacre. Indians shoot during New Year Celebration

- Mahatma Gandhi, Indian National Congress. Non violence and passive resistance.

- 1943 Muslim league proposes the division of the country: Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi Opposed-.

- 1947 Viceroy Mountbatten declared independence. Division into India for Hindus and Pakistan for

- Philippines: 1946, United States granted voluntarily

from Pakistan

DECOLONISATION OF ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST

- Malaysia: Japanese ocupation. Independence in 1963. Singapore separated state in 1965
Mohandas Karamchad Gandhi (1869-1948)
-Attended to a Law School in UK

-Fight against racial discrimination

-Spread his politicla ideas

-1918: lead a farmers protest agaisnt agricultural

- Need of independence

-Protests against educational isntitutions, jistoce

syste,m, government, taxation system and British

- Rejection of violence and hunger strikes

Arabian sea. Evaporate water to obtain salt and violate

British taxes prohibition of getting marine water

1948
- Indonesia: War against Dutch extremely repressed.

- Leader Achmed Sukarno. President in 1945

- Armed conflict

- Colony in 1887

- divided into Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

Republic of Vietnam in 1945

- - War against France

- Division: Democratic Republic of Vietnam north, led by Ho Chi Minh, south Republic of Vietna,
 - Great economic importance: oil and Suez
- After IWW League of Nations creatae mandates

- Palestine:UN decided to créate Israel in Palestina in 1947 1948 State of Israel

- Jordan: 1946
- Syria: Two independent states: Lebanon and Syria 1946

Islamic dictatorship

- Egypt: British protectorate 1914-1922

- UK remained real power behind monarchy

- 1954 Gamal Abdel Nasser President. Non aligned movement. Nationalisation of Suez

DECOLONISATION OF ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST

1948: Creation of Israel Arab- Israeli Wars
 NORTHERN - Tunisia: French protectorate. Demands of independence after IIWW, strikesm demonstrations,
COUNTRIES
- Morocco 1956. French and Spanish protectorates in 1912 after Algeciras Conference 1906.

- Western Sahara (Spain province, Spanish population, Spanish nationality) demanded

control. Green March, Moroccan occupation, Spain left in 1976. Occupied territory up today

in Algeria)and natives. National Liberation Front. Armed conflict betqween 1954 and 1962 long
war. Independence. Republic. Dictatorship

- Guinea Ecuatorial, Spain: 1968

- Guinea Bissau, Angola, Mozambique from Portugal in

DECOLONISATION OF AFRICA
PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH - Southern Rodesia (Zimabwue) apartheid Insurrection of black
majority
 POLITICAL
- Violent and corrupt military dictatorships

- Rely on former metropoles

- Neo-colonialism

- Growth of population
SOCIAL - Poor economic situation

- Malnutrition, hunger, health defficiencies, illiteracy

CONSEQUENCES OF DECOLONISATION
- Group of countries resulting from decolonisation
- Term created in 1952. Resemblace to Third State
THIRD WORLD
- Relegated to a secondary position