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If one was inclined to moralise much might be said about the
mentality of a people who continue content to endure such straits in
a country where wealth abounds in superabundance, and also about
the mentality of statesmen who could find no remedy for such a
constantly recurring cancer of the body politic; but this is hardly the
place for that, and all that can be done is to suggest that in a country
in which the Co-operative principle was predominant a remedy
would be found. The sufferers themselves, and those who act for
them, have tried to do something through limitation of output and
the shortening of the working day, but in normal times the onward
march of production has more than kept pace with such crude
attempts to outwit it. The remedies had the fatal defect of attempting
to deal with a symptom while leaving the root disease untouched,
and the result, necessarily, has been failure.
SOME BUSINESS ITEMS.
From the beginning until 1905 the S.C.W.S. had only paid half
dividend on flour purchases. The directors had been approached by
the Baking Society’s board on more than one occasion to have this
practice altered, but without success. However, at the beginning of
1905 the S.C.W.S. directors decided that in future they would pay full
dividend on flour on all new contracts. They were again approached
by the U.C.B.S. directors, who had a large contract for flour placed
with the S.C.W.S. at the moment, to extend the privilege to contracts
at present running, but this they were unable to do. The financial
standing of the Society was improving with every year that passed,
and in 1905 they found that notwithstanding the very large additions
which had been made recently to land and buildings the shares and
reserves covered all but 11½ of the total. At the quarterly meeting
held in March 1905 it was agreed that the Society take out ten shares
in the North Wales Quarries Society, and at a later meeting this
number was increased to 100. Unfortunately, this society, which had
been formed to provide work for slate miners out of work because of
a trade dispute, did not prosper, and after a few years of a precarious
life was forced to go into liquidation.
On several occasions the Baking Society placed orders for biscuit
cartons in America until they were able to procure such goods at
home. One such order, placed in 1905, was for 100,000 cartons.
They were also utilising motors to some extent for bread delivery,
and, in addition to their first purchase, other two were now bought.
In September of this year—1905—another attempt was made to get
the C.W.S. to acknowledge the Baking Society’s invoices, but again
without success. The contention of the C.W.S. directors all the time
was that they were quite able to do all the trade in England, and that
therefore the U.C.B.S. did not require to go there at all.
The relations of the directors with their employees have always
been cordial, and whenever conditions of trade have permitted
concessions in a shorter working week and in wages, where these
were not regulated by national agreements, were made from time to
time. One such concession was made in 1905, when the hours of the
girls in the packing flat were reduced from fifty-one to fifty per week
without any request from the employees.
From time to time, also, meetings of the board with the heads of
the various departments took place, so that the directors might place
before them the nature of the complaints, suggestions, etc., which
came from societies, and solicit their co-operation in extending and
consolidating the business through the production of first-class
goods and speedy distribution. At one meeting of the board, held
shortly after the close of Paisley Congress, a special vote of thanks to
the manager, purveyor, and heads of departments was recorded for
the efficient manner in which all the work of purveying for that huge
assembly had been carried out.
During the period under review Messrs Scott (engineer) and
Richard (bread baking manager) had made some improvements on a
type of draw-plate oven. These alterations were patented in the joint
names of the two gentlemen and the Baking Society, and
arrangements were made with Messrs Baker & Son, bakery
engineers, London, for the manufacture of the oven. Messrs Scott
and Richard were also the joint inventors of a divider and moulding
machine.
THE SOCIETY’S POSITION.
Much important work was done in the three years from 1902 to
1905. Clydebank bakery was erected; Belfast Bakery was
commenced, as was St Mungo Halls, and both were nearing
completion; three tenements of houses had been erected in Govan
Street, with shops on the street level, and these shops were
ultimately all occupied by Kinning Park Society. One result of this
policy was that the Baking Society ceased to retain the bread
damaged in manufacture, and this trade was taken over by Kinning
Park Society. Henceforth, until for a short time they retailed the
bread they made in Rothesay Bakery, the Society did a wholesale
business only. Notwithstanding the opening of Clydebank Bakery,
the sales of loaf bread from M‘Neil Street were greater than they had
been at the beginning of the period, while the turnover in
smallbread, oatcakes, and biscuits had all increased considerably,
and the total production for the last six months of the period under
review was 92,336 sacks for the three bakeries, as compared with
73,821 at the beginning of 1902. During the four years the
membership had increased by thirty-four societies, and the value of
the sales by £61,092 for six months. The rate of surplus had been
fluctuating between 2/ per £ and 1/8 per £, and for one half-year it
was 2/2.
Big things were also in prospect. The need for new offices was
forcing itself on the attention of the directors; and, with the prospect
of increased trade in front of them, consideration was already being
given to the utilisation of their ground at the north-west corner of
South York Street, although the time for extensions there had not yet
arrived.
CHAPTER XVI.
FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH.