‫المضارع البسيط‬

.‫ ُيستخدم ايضا مع الحقائق العلمية‬،‫ُيستخدم للتعبير عن األحداث الثابتة و الروتينية و العادات‬

‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + V ‫ مجرد‬/ Vs + C She likes fish
- S + do / does + not + C She does not like fish
? Does / Do + S + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C + ? Does she like fish?
Wh Wh + does / do + S + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C + ? Why does she like fish
💡 often - always - usually - sometimes - never - ever - twice a year

‫المضارع المستمر‬
‫ُيستخدم للتعبير عن حدث يحدث أثناء لحظة التحدث أو للتعبير عن حدث يحصل في فترة حالية‬
.‫من الزمن‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + is / are / am + V ing + C He is singing now
- S + is / are / am + not + V ing + C He is not singing now
? Is / Are / Am + S + V ing + C + ? Is he singing now?
Wh Wh + is / are / am + S + V ing + C + ? Why is he singing now?
💡 today - now - at the moment - at the present - still

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 ‫المضارع التام‬
‫ُيستخدم للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي وانتهى عند لحظة التحدث أو للتعبير عن حدث‬
‫ و ُيستخدم مع الحدث الذي يحصل في الماضي ولكن‬،‫حصل في الماضي والزال تأثيره موجود‬
.‫غير معلوم وقت حدوثه‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + have / has + p.p + C Players have come.
- S + have / has + not + p.p + C Players have not come.
? Have / Has + S + p.p + C + ? Have the players come?
Wh Wh + have / has + S + p.p + C + ? Why have players come?
💡 recently - yet - already - ever - never - jus - since - fort

‫المضارع التام المستمر‬

.‫ُيستخدم للتعبير عن حدث حصل في الماضي واستمر حتى لحظة التحدث وقد يستمر للمستقبل‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + have / has + been + V ing + C You have been
studying in Baghdad
university since 2020.
- S + have / has + not + been + V ing + C You have not been
studying in Baghdad
university since 2020.
? Have / Has + S + been + V ing + C + ? Have you been
studying in Baghdad
university since 2020.
Wh Wh + have / has + S + been + V ing + C + Why have you been
? studying in Baghdad
university since 2020.
💡 all this morning - all this day - all this time - since - for

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 ‫الماضي البسيط‬
.‫ُيستخدم للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي وانتهى في الماضي‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + V ed + C They lived in London.
- S + did + not + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C They did not live in London.
? Did + S + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C + ? Did they live in London?
Wh Wh + did + S + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C + ? Why dis they live in London?
💡 last year - last month - yesterday - ago - in the past

‫الماضي المستمر‬
‫ُيستخدم للتعبير عن حدث حصل في الماضي واستمر لفترة معينة أو للتعبير عن حدث حصل‬
.‫ حيث ان الحدث الذي يتقاطع معه هو الماضي البسيط‬،‫في الماضي وتقاطع معه حدث آخر‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + was / were + V ing + C He was singing.
- S + was / were + not + V ing + C He was not singing.
? Was / Were + S + V ing + C + ? Was he singing?
Wh Wh + was / were + S + V ing + C + ? Why was he singing?
💡 Friday morning - all last week - throughout the night

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 ‫الماضي التام‬
‫ فيكون الحدث الذي وقع أوال ماضي تام‬، ‫ُيستخدم للتعبير عن حدثين أحدهما وقع قبل اآلخر‬
. ‫أما الحدث الذي وقع ثانيا ماضي بسيط‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + had + p.p + C You passed the exam
because you had studied
hard.
- S + had + not + p.p + C You did not pass the exam
because you had not
studied hard.
? Had + S + p.p + C + ? Had you studied hard?
Wh Wh + had + S + p.p + C + ? Why had you studied
hard?
💡 because - after

‫الماضي التام المستمر‬

.‫ُيستخدم للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي واستمر حتى نهاه حدث آخر‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + had + been + V ing + C He had been working in a
factory for years before
he got a job.
- S + had + not + been + V ing + C He had not been working
in a factory for years
before he got a job.
? Had + S + been + V ing + C + ? Had he been working in a
factory for years before
he got a job?
Wh Wh + had + S + been + V ing + C + ? Why had he been working
in a factory for years
before he got a job?
💡 because - before - after

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 ‫المستقبل البسيط‬
.‫للتعبير عن حدث سيحدث مستقبال‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + will + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C She will study tomorrow.
- S + will + not + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C She will not study
tomorrow.
? Will + S + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C + ? Will she study tomorrow?
Wh Wh + will + S + V ‫ مجرد‬+ C + ? Why will she study
tomorrow?
💡 tomorrow - next week - next time - in the future

‫المستقبل المستمر‬
.‫للتعبير عن حدث سيحدث مستقبال ويستمر لفترة من الزمن مستقبال‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + will + be + V ing + C She will study tomorrow.
- S + will + not + be + V ing + C She will not study
tomorrow.
? Will + S + be + V ing + C + ? Will she study tomorrow?
Wh Wh + will + S + be + V ing + C + ? Why will she study
tomorrow?
💡 all tomorrow - by this time tomorrow

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 ‫المستقبل التام‬
.‫ُيستخدم لإلشارة الى فعل سيكون قد اكتمل في المستقبل‬
‫القاعدة‬ ‫مِثال‬
+ S + will + have + p.p + C We will have finished by
tomorrow.
- S + will + not + have + p.p + C We will not have finished
by tomorrow.
? Will + S + have + p.p + C + ? Will we have finished by
tomorrow?
Wh Wh + will + S + have + p.p + C + ? By tomorrow, what will we
have finished?
💡 by tomorrow - by next week