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Lazizi 16
Lazizi 16
Abstract— In this paper we aim to find a better control of methods for MPPT are proposed to be implemented in the
photovoltaic water pumping system. The photovoltaic PV system ,such as perturbation and observation (P&O)
module can provide a maximum power only for defined ,incremental conductance(INC) ,voltage feedback methods
output voltage and current. In addition, the operation to ,and so on ,fuzzy logic control (FLC) ,neural network,
get the maximum power depends on the terminals of load, genetic algorithm. The P&O and INC methods are
mostly a nonlinear load like induction motor. In this commonly used in the MPPT system because of their
work, we use fuzzy logic method for the maximum power simple implementation. However, the P&O method has two
point tracking of a photovoltaic system. The system drawbacks regarding its performance. The first is power
includes solar module, a DC / DC converter equipped with oscillation at the maximum power point (MPP) and the
its MPPT control, DC/AC inverter and a centrifugal pump other one is divergence of the MPP under atmospheric
driven by a three phase induction motor. In order to change. The problem of power oscillation of the MPP also
control the flow of the centrifugal pump, a Direct Torque occurs with the INC method when fast tracking of the
Control - DTC of the induction machine is used. To maximum power is desired. [12, 13]
illustrate the performances of the control, simulation A number of experimental DC motor driven PV pumps
results are carried out using Matlab/Simulink. are already in use in several parts of the word. However
their major drawback is the presence of brushes which
increase the probability of maintenance and their high costs.
Keywords—photovoltaic generator ,MPPT, DTC control, Hence a pumping system based on an induction motor (IM)
fuzzy logic. can be more attractive. This kind of motors has been
I. INTRODUCTION adopted due to its low cost and the low maintenance
requirements. In addition, the increased efficiency of solar
Water resources are essential for satisfying human pumping systems makes this latter particularly attractive,
needs, protecting health, and ensuring food production even more the additional cost of the inverter is less
especially in isolated regions and rural remote areas significant. In recent years, the advent of efficient inverter
because generally the grid network is not present, therefore, to control the speed of these motors has allowed their use
it is necessary to look for other energy resources to fulfill for solar pumping applications. [1, 2, 4]
their energy requirements. Photovoltaic pumping systems Pump used is the centrifugal type driven by a three
(PVPS) seems to be a suitable application of photovoltaic phase asynchronous motor which is powered by a three-
energy sources to fill this lack of energy. The use of these phase inverter. To control the water flow, it is therefore
systems is growing rapidly nowadays because of their necessary to establish a system for monitoring the speed of
interesting characteristics such as, excellent reliability, long the drive motor. Scalar and vector control are used in [7,
life, ease of installation, autonomy of working and low 10, 11], is a cheap, well-implementable method but it’s not
maintenance [1, 2, 9] . PV water pumping systems satisfactory for the control of drives with dynamic behavior,
generally consist of PV generator, controller, inverter, since it gives a slow response to transients. In this paper, in
motor and pump [8]. order to improve energy conversion efficiency, an
It is well known that the main problem posed by the use intelligent control technique using fuzzy logic control is
of PV generator is their non-linear nature. The energy associated to an MPPT controller and the method of Direct
extracted from the PV array is dependent of the climatic Torque Control (DTC) is used to control the flow of the
conditions. centrifugal pump.
In fact, such module has an optimum operating point,
called the Maximum Power Point (MPP), numerous
II. MODELING OF WATER PUMPING SYSTEM : Diode current.
: Shunt resistance.
The PV water pumping system considered in this work : Series resistance.
is shown in Fig.1.It consist of PV generator, asynchronous : The electron charge .
machine and a centrifugal pump. : Boltzman constant
: Absolute temperature (in Kelvin).
: Junction ideality factor.
: Diode saturation curent.
Solar panel
I.M
The parameters chosen for modeling corresponds to the
PV module are listed in Tab.1
DC
DC
AC
Parameter Value
Maximum power ( ) 200W
Voltage at Pmax 26.3V
PUMP
Current at Pmax ( ) 7.61 A
PWM
DTC
MPPT
control Open circuit voltage ( ) 32.9 V
Short-circuit current ( ) 8.21 A
Short circuit curent/Temperature coefficient 3.18e-3
Fig.1. structure of water pumping system Open circuit voltage/Temperature coefficient -0.123
No. of cells 54
A. Solar Cell Model
Photovoltaic cell is the most basic generation part in PV
system. In the literature several models of the PV cell are B. DC/DC boost converter
found (one diode, two or three diodes). A boost converter is a step-up DC to DC converter .The
They differ from each other by the number of operation of the boost converter is fairly simple, with an
input capacitor inductor and switch (usually
parameters involved in the calculation of the voltage and
MOSFET) and output capacitor .The power switch is
current of the PV final. responsible to modulate the energy transfer from the input
The model for a single diode is the most cited in the source to the load by varying the duty cycle .
literature consists of a photo current source, a diode, an
equivalent parallel resistor and an equivalent series resistor The classical relationship between input and output
which can be shown in Fig.2.[12] voltage of a boost converter operating at steady state
condition is given by:
Rs
I
(3)
Id Ish
: Output voltage.
V : Input voltage.
D V
Iph Rsh
: Duty cycle.
The equivalent circuit of the induction motor is The hydraulic output power of the pump can be
illustrated by Fig.4.
characterized by: [1, 2, 10, 11]
Rs Xls Xlr
Is Ir (8)
Ism Where:
: The water flow rate
Vs Es
Xm Rr : The total head
Parameter Value
(12)
rated power 2238 Where and is the instant power and voltage of
number of pole pairs 2 the boost converter. [8]. Fig.5.represents the fuzzy logic
stator resistance 0.435 controller.
rotor resistance 0816
Statoric cyclic inductance 2e-3
Rotoric cyclic inductance 2e-3
Mutual cyclic inductance 69.31e-3
Inertia 0.089
Friction coefficient 0.005
efficiency of the PV module are given by the Fig. 8 and
Fig.9.
Fig.6. PV System Output Power with FLC MPPT When Is Constant Fig.9. PV Efficiency with FLC MPPT When Is variable
(16)
Q*s Flux
- comparators Fig.12.The rotor current
Look-up table
M
Cm* Torque
+ comparators
-
vabc iabc
Qs Concordia transformation
Cm ϴs
vαβ iαβ