CHAPTER

5 Magnetism and Matter

Important terms Here TC → Curie temperature (above which a ferromagnetic

(a) Magnetic field – Total no. of lines of Magnetic force material becomes paramagnetic.)
per unit area Hysteresis loop
(b) Magnetizing field

 B

H = A/ m
µ

H is independent of medium
(c) Intensity of magnetization
Magnetic Moment

I=
Volume
M
⇒I =V

(d) Magnetic susceptibility, ™ Retentivity = ob

χ = HI ™ Coercivity = oc
(e) Magnetic permeability: The measure of the degree to ™ Area of loop = energy loss per unit volume per cycle.
which the lines of force can penetrate or permeate the
Components of Earth's magnetic field
medium

m = permeability of medium (GM)

m0 = permeability of free space.


| B |= µ0 H + µ0 I = µH (MM)
Relative Permeability.
µ

µr = µ = 1 + χ
0

Magnetic Materials
Paramagnetic Diamagnetic Ferromagnetic
Feeble Feeble Strong q = Angle of declination (Angle between G.M and M.M)
Magnetisation Magnetisation Magnetisation d = Angle of dip.
  
along H opposite of H along H BV
™ tan δ =
0<c<1 –1 ≤ c < 0 c is of the order BH
103 BH
mr > 1 0 < mr < 1 mr >> 1 ™ Be =
cos δ
1 c is Independent of C
χ∝ = χ (T > TC ) Be
= BV2 + BH2
T T T − TC ™
 Bar Magnet µ
B= 0 . M3 1 + 3cos 2 θ
(a) Magnetic field due to bar magnet. 4 π r
tan φ = tan θ .
2
(b) Bar magnet in uniform magnetic field.

 µ0  ( 4md ) l µ0 2 Md
= BP =   
(i)  (i) Torque on bar magnet τ= M × B
( )
2
 4π  d 2 − l 2 4π ( d 2 − l 2 ) 2
 
(ii) Potential energy U = − M .B
µ0 2M
If l2 << d2 ⇒ ; BP = (iii) Work done in rotating the bar magnet
4π d 3
µ0 2ml µ0 M =Wext (
MB cos θi − cos θ f )
(ii) BQ 4=
=
(iv) Time period of small oscillations
( )
π d 2 + l 2 2 4π (d 2 + l 2 )3/2
3

I
µ0 M T = 2π
MB
If l2 << d2 ; BQ =
4π d 3 I → Moment of inertia of bar magnet

(iii) At a general point

14 JEE (XII) Module-2 PW