UNIVERSITY OF DUHOK

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL DEPARTMENT-
ENGINEERING SURVEYING

MEASURING ANGLES

BY
STUDENT NAME: GORGEES A. KAWRASH
GROUP: A

SUPERVISOR
“MR. AGEED”

EXPERIMNET NO.: 2
EXPERIMENT DATE: FEBRUARY 22, 2023
1 Abstract

This report is about measuring horizontal and vertical angles by theodolite

instrument with measuring the direction of points.
It had done in University of Duhok campus in civil engineering department
by second stage students. And the aim of this report and these angles is to
determine the position of each point.

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Table of Contents
1 Abstract ..................................................................................... 1
2 Introduction ................................................................................ 3
3 Objectives .................................................................................. 4
4 Procedure ................................................................................... 4
5 Equipment .................................................................................. 5
6 Measurements and Computations .................................................. 6
7 Discussion and conclusion ............................................................ 7
8 References ................................................................................. 8

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2 Introduction
Theodolite may be defined as the optical survey instrument that is used to
measure the angles between the specified points both in the vertical and
horizontal plane.

In other words, theodolite may be defined as the instrument fitted with a

small telescope that can move freely in the horizontal and vertical plane to
measure the horizontal and vertical angles in surveying.

It is widely used in traversing, land surveying and other infrastructure

construction.

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3 Objectives

1- Setting up the theodolite instrument.

2- Measuring the horizontal and vertical angles.

4 Procedure

1. Theodolite is set over an instrument station (O) exactly and all the
temporary adjustments are done. Vertical circle is placed Left to
the observer (face Left observation).
2. Aim at the first point and record the horizontal angle.
3. Next, aim at the second point and book the horizontal angle.
4. Change the face (1 transition+ 1 swinging) of the theodolite (face
Right observation), then sight to the same points, and record the
readings.
5. To obtain the Horizontal angle, subtract the two readings.
6. In the case of measuring vertical angle, follow the same
procedures applied for the measuring horizontal angle.

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5 Equipment

1. Digital Theodolite
2. Ranging rods
3. Pegs

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 6 Measurements and Computations

Booking Horizontal Readings

Station Point Face Left Face Right Mean Angle

X 0° 00’ 00’’ 180° 01’ 13’’ 0° 00’ 37”

A Y 26° 41’ 38’’ 206° 42’ 05’’ 26° 41’ 52’’ 26° 41’ 52’’

Z 41° 20’ 04’’ 221° 20’ 08’’ 41° 20’ 06” 14° 38’ 14”

Booking Vertical Readings

Station Point Face Left Face Right Reduced FL Reduced FR

X 97° 44’ 15’’ 262° 15’ 02’’ -7° 44’ 15” -7° 44’ 58"

A Y 92° 23’ 11’’ 267° 36’ 32’’ -2° 23’ 11’’ -2° 23’ 28’’

Z 87° 00’ 30’’ 272° 59’ 31’’ +2° 59’ 30” +2° 59’ 31”

Vertical angle 1 = 90° - FL

Vertical angle 2 = FR - 270°

FINAL VERTICAL ANGLES

X = -7° 44’ 37” Y = -2° 23’ 19’’ Z = +2° 59’ 31”

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7 Discussion and conclusion

In this experiment we measured the direction of three points X,Y and Z by

use theodolite instrument firstly we measured face left for each point then
face left then we calculate mean of direction by calculation to decrease the
errors then we calculate the horizontal angle

And about vertical, first we measured face left then face right of each point
of zenith angles then by calculation we find the vertical angles

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8 References

1. https:///topics/labreports
2. https:///typesoftheodolite/
3. https:///engineeringsurveyng