Name: ___________________________________________________Date: __________

Chapter Notes – 2.5 & 2.6: Reasoning in Algebra and Geometry & Proofs

Algebraic Properties of Equality

Let a, b, and c be real numbers.

Addition Property: If a = b, then a + c = b + c.

Subtraction Property: If a = b, then a – c = b – c.
Multiplication Property: If a = b, then ac = bc.
Division Property: If a = b and , then .
Reflexive Property: For any real number a, a = a.
Symmetric Property: If a = b, then b = a.
Transitive Property: If a = b and b = c, then a = c.
Substitution Property: If a = b, then a can be substituted for b in any equation or
expression.
Distributive Property: If a(b + c), then ab + ac.

1. State a reason that makes the statement true.

a. If 6x – 20 = -8, then 6x = 12.

b. If 4x = 12, then 12 = 4x.

c. If x = 3, then 5x = 15.

d. If x = y and y = 4, then x = 4.

e. If AB = CD and CD = EF, then AB = EF

f. If 2(x + 3) = 10 then 2x + 6 = 10

g. If 3(2x + 5) = 15 then 2x + 5 = 5

h. 5 = 5

i. If x + y = 17 and x = 7 then 7 + y = 17

j. If 3x + 7 = 2x -10 then x + 7 = -10

A theorem is a statement that can be proven. Today we will create proofs for algebraic equations. Below are
two-column proofs—one column has statements; the other columns give the reason for each statement.

Practice:

2. Solve the equation and state a reason for each step.

STATEMENTS REASONS

1. ___________________ 1. ___________________

2. ___________________ 2. ___________________

3. ___________________ 3. ___________________

4. ___________________ 4. ___________________

3. Solve the equation and state a reason for each step.

STATEMENTS REASONS

1. ___________________ 1. ___________________

2. ___________________ 2. ___________________

3. ___________________ 3. ___________________

4. ___________________ 4. ___________________

4. Write a two-column proof

Given: A B C D
Prove:
 Angle Postulates

Right Angle Congruence Theorem: All right angles are congruent.

Congruent Supplements Theorem: If two angles are supplementary to the same angle
then they are congruent.

Congruent Complements Theorem: If two angles are complementary to the same angle
then the two angles are congruent.

Linear Pair Postulate: If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary.

Vertical Angles Theorem: Vertical angles are congruent.

5. Given: and are supplements

and are supplements
1 2 3 4
Prove:

Statements Reasons
6. Given: E B
Prove:
C
D A

STATEMENTS REASONS