CHAPTER IV becomes a poor conductor of electricity (Loder,
THE NANO WORLD 2005).
Introduction
 _______ of _______ is of great interest to _______,
_______ and _______. The prefix "_______ "
denotes _______.
 "_______ is a broad and interdisciplinary area of
_______ that has been _______ in the past few
years. It has the potential for _______ the way in
which materials and products are created and the
_______ and _______ that can be accessed".
(_______, _______).
 The _______, traces the _______ falling under the
_______. Although _______ is a relatively recent
_______, the _______ happened over a longer
period of time. The emergence of nanotechnology in
the _______ was caused by the _______ such as
the _______ in _______ and the _______ in
_______, with the _______ of a conceptual
framework for the goals of nanotechnology.
_________________________________________
 The two terms often used in the literature with
reference to the world of nano materials are
_______ and _______. _______ denote divided
matter."
 As _______ (_______) said, "if you take a piece of
solid matter (say a metal) containing an _______
and go on dividing it to smaller bits, you will
ultimately end up with an _______. Before that, you
will reach a stage of _______ containing _______.
Such particles with diameters of (_______)
(_______)
 _______ are referred to as _______.
 _______ exhibit properties entirely different from
_______ and _______.
 _______ and _______ are the two key factors that
separate nanomaterials from bulk materials (The
Royal Society and The Royal Academy of
Engineering, 2004).
 A substance of size _______ has _______ of its
atoms on the surface compared to a substance of
size _______ with _______ of its atoms on its
surface. As _______ decreases _______ begin to
manifest in the form of _______, _______ and
_______.
 _______ refers to the scientific study of materials of
nanometer size, ie, _______ (_______, _______). It
is a combination of developments in _______,
_______, _______, _______ and _______, and
_______.
 According to _______ (cited in _______, _______),
it is a _______ that differs both from _______ and
_______ (p. 2). For example, _______ at much
lower temperature than _______, 2002). _______ in
extremely thin layers, in the presence of _______,
 _______ refers to various technologies to produce
materials of _______ and _______. (Norio
Taniguchi of Tokyo Science University is credited
with coining the term "nanotechnology in 1974).
 _______ "implies the ability to generate and utilize
structures, components, and devices with a size
range from about _______ (atomic and molecular
scale) to about _______ (or larger in some
situations) by control at _______, and _______ "
(Roco, 1999)
 One of the most interesting aspects of
nanotechnology is _______ similar to those
produced by biological _______, _______ and
_______ (Carraher, Jr. 1994).
___________________________________________
What is Nano World?
 To understand the nano world here are presented
important personages who have contributed to the
growth and study of the Nano World.
 The retroactive rediscovery of _______ "_______ "
gave nanotechnology a packaged history that
provided an early date of _______, plus a
connection to the charisma and genius of _______.
_______ stature as a _______ and as an iconic
figure in 20th century science surely helped
advocates of nanotechnology and provided a
valuable intellectual link to the past.
 His paper on the Nanosystems: _______, _______,
and _______, received the _______ award for
_______ of _______. _______ founded the
_______ in _______ with the mission of "_______”.
 Nanotechnology and nanoscience got a boost in the
early 1980s with two major developments: _______
and _______. These developments led to the
_______ in _______ and the structural assignment
of _______ a few years later
 The _______, an instrument for imaging surfaces at
the atomic level, was developed in _______ by
_______ and _______ at _______, for which they
were awarded the _______ in _______.
 _______, _______ and _______ invented the first
_______ in _______. The first ______________
was introduced in _______.
 _______ was the first to manipulate atoms using a
_______ in _______. He used _______ to spell out
the _______. He shared the _______ in
Nanoscience for this work.
____________________________________________
Initial commercial applications
 The _______ saw the beginnings of the use of
_______, although most applications are limited to
the bulk use of _______. Examples include
_______ and _______ in sunscreen, cosmetics and
some food products; _______ in food packaging,
 clothing, disinfectants and household appliances
such as _______; _______ for stain-resistant
textiles; and _______ as a fuel catalyst.
 As of _______, the _______ estimated that over
_______ are publicly available, with new ones
hitting the market at a pace of 3-4 per week.
____________________________________________
Potential Uses
The _______ ranked potential uses of _______ and
_______ with respect to development. The top ten
uses follow (BBC News, 2005). :
Chapter IV
Climate Change and Energy Crisis
 _______ is one of the fundamental challenges ever
to confront humanity. Its adverse effects being seen
may intensify over time if nothing is done about it.
 _______ refers to the change in global or regional
patterns, in particular, a change apparent from the
_______ and attributed largely to the _______ by
the use of _______. It is a catch-all term for the shift
in worldwide weather phenomena associated with
an increase in _______.
 _______, also called _______, refers to the rise in
average surface temperatures on earth.
 _______ defines _______ as: "a _______ created
predominantly by _______ which add _______ to
_______. These phenomena include the increased
temperature trends described by global warming,
but also encompasses changes such as _______,
_______ in _______, _______, the _______ and
_______, shifts in _______; and all extreme
weather events."
____________________________________________
What Are the Causes of Climate Change?
 Most climate scientists agree that the main cause of
current global warming trend is _______ - warming
that results when the atmosphere traps heat
radiating from Earth toward space.
 Life on Earth is dependent in an _______ - a layer
of gases, primarily water vapor, in the lower
atmosphere that trap heat from the sun as it's
reflected back from the Earth, radiating it back and
keeping our planet at a temperature capable of
supporting life.
 _______ is currently generating an _______ that
unlike _______, don't dissipate in response to
temperature increases, resulting in a continuing
buildup of heat.
 _______ that contribute to the greenhouse effect
include _______, _______ and _______.
 The most abundant greenhouse gas, but
importantly, acts as _______. _______ increases as
the _______, but so does the possibility of clouds
and precipitation, making these some of the most
important feedback mechanisms to the greenhouse
effect.
 _______ A minor but very important component of
the atmosphere, _______ is released through
natural processes such as _______ and _______
and through human activities such as _______,
_______, and _______. Humans have increased
atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by more
than a third since the _______ began. The main
source of excess carbon dioxide emissions is the
_______, while _______ has reduced the amount of
_______ to turn _______ to _______.
 _______ A hydrocarbon gas produced both through
_______ and _______, including _______,
_______, and especially _______, as well as
_______ and _______ associated with domestic
livestock. On a molecule for molecule basis,
_______ is a far more active greenhouse gas than
_______, but also one which is much _______ in
the atmosphere.
 _______ A powerful greenhouse gas produced by
_______, especially the use of _______, _______,
_______, and _______.
 _______ Synthetic compounds entirely of industrial
origin used in a number of applications, but now
largely regulated in production and release to the
atmosphere by international agreement for their
ability to contribute to _______. They are also
greenhouse gases.
 Our _______ is also creating a _______ as
greenhouse gases trapped in _______ are
released.
____________________________________________
What are the Effects of Climate Change?
 The effects of _______ (_______) climate change
ranged from more frequent and severe _______ to
_______ and _______ in temperate regions as a
result of warming _______.
 It's not only _______ that are affected. _______ are
increasing the frequency of _______; _______,
_______ means that forests in some regions are no
longer recovering from _______ and
_______around the world are becoming less
hospitable to animals.
___________________________________________
How Is Climate Change Affecting the Philippines?
 The _______ listed the Philippines as the number one
most affected country by climate change because of
its _______. The _______ is located in the _______
surrounded by naturally warm waters that will likely
even get warmer as average sea-surface
temperature continue to rise
 To some extent, this is a normal pattern: the _______
warms as it absorbs _______. The _______ then
releases some of its heat into the _______ creating
 _______ and _______. However, as the ocean's
surface increases over time from the effects of
climate change, more and more heat is released into
the atmosphere. This _______ in the _______ and
_______ can lead to stronger and more frequent
_______. This is what has happened to the
Philippines. Five of the deadliest typhoons have
occurred since _______ affecting and displacing
thousands of citizens every time. The deadliest storm
on record in the Philippines is _______ which was
responsible for more than _______ lost lives, over
_______ displaced citizens, and _______ peso
damages in 2013.
 The Philippines also lacks _______; as a collection of
over _______ there is almost nothing standing
between them and the sea. In addition to their coral
reefs, one of the best buffers against typhoons are
the _______. These _______ help mitigate the
impact of _______ and _______ but almost half of
this have disappeared since _______ due to
_______.
 Other natural factors, like _______ or _______, also
increase the _______. Sea levels in the Philippines
are rising at about _______ the global average and
when it rises to _______, as what happened during
_______, millions of citizens in coastal communities
in the Philippines have been displaced...
 In the _______, the effects of _______ and _______
cannot be denied. There used to be a clear
delineation between the dry and wet weather, or
summer and rainy months. _______ have always
been known as the dry months, while the rest were
_______. Summer in the Philippines means _______,
_______ and temperatures are quite high. Wet
months on the other hand are characterized by
_______, _______, and _______. During wet
months, sunny days are unusual, and in fact
unexpected. Nowadays, however, the wet and dry
days occurs anytime in the year.
_______ (_______) stated six ways by which climate
change affects our country:
1. _______
The _______ occurs when the surface of the ocean
waters in the _______ becomes abnormally warm. The
energy created by this is so great that it can create an
imbalance in the weather in the different parts of the
world. In _______, it can lead to abnormally dry
conditions. _______ can also make weather events
like storms highly unpredictable. Weather will have
extreme highs and lows, making it "increasingly difficult
to predict weather patterns for purposes of planning
and normal business operations" says a WWF-
Philippine study.
2. _______
By the end of the century, _______ are expected to
rise by _______. This can lead to more powerful
storms because storms get their strength from
_______. In the Philippines, _______ spikes above the
normal sea surface temperature have been recorded.
Warmer seas kill _______ and can thus lead to a
decline in _______, putting food security in danger.
3. _______
The shift in _______ of our oceans can lead to
_______. Because of the imbalance, _______ are not
able to develop skins, _______ cannot develop shells.
_______ mat not be able to develop bones. This
further endangers food security and livelihood.
4. _______
Current data show an increase in sea surface heights.
_______ say this is due to the _______ in the _______
and _______ of the globe like _______ and _______.
Sea level rise by _______ can submerge low-lying
communities like _______ which stands only _______.
5. _______
The creation of tropical cyclones is already being
recorded in areas where the phenomenon had never
been observed. On _______, _______ (_______), said
to be the strongest in recorded history, devastated
cities in _______.
6. _______
_______ in the Philippines will reach new highs and
lows. Some parts of the country will make it more
difficult for _______ and _______ sectors which are
highly dependent on weather. _______ cities are
already experiencing unprecedented amounts of
rainfall. In _______, rainfall increased by _______ from
_______ to _______. More rainfall will lead to more
_______ and can trigger _______ in upland
communities.
Climate change also impacts our country's ability to
feed people. _______ (_______) wrote:
1. Climate change is altering _______ and _______
and nutrition for millions of people in the Philippines,
according to the _______ n (UN FAO). According to
_______, UN FAO's representative to the Philippines,
due to climate change crop yields are expected to
decline by _______ % while catches of main fish
species are expected to decline by _______ % in
tropical countries like the Philippines.
2. _______. Because of too much heat too much rain
_______ are ruined. An example of this is the _______
which affected the _______ region from _______ to
_______ which damaged crops in more than _______
hectares farmland and resulted to more than _______
pesos in losses. The drought has also affected farmers
and crops in the provinces of _______, _______,
_______, _______, and _______.
3. _______. The _______ showed a decline in the
Philippines' ranking. From _______, it dropped to
_______ among 113 countries based on the data
released by the _______
4. _______. Based on the latest _______ of _______
of the _______, malnutrition rate in the Philippines is
also increasing. The Philippines malnutrition rate or
stunting among children _______ has increased
_______ from just _______ in _______.
____________________________________________
 _______ is any great bottleneck in the supply of
energy resources to an economy. In popular
literature though, it often refers to one of the energy
sources used at a certain time and place,
particularly those that supply national electricity
grids or serve as fuel for vehicles
 The _______ is the concern that the world's
demands on the limited natural resources that are
used to power industrial society are diminishing as
the demand rises. These natural resources are in
limited supply. While they do occur naturally, it can
take hundreds of thousands of years to replenish
the stores. _______ and _______ are working to
make the use of renewable resources a priority, and
to lessen the irresponsible use of natural supplies
through _______.
 The _______ is a _______ and _______. Most
people don't feel connected to its reality unless the
price of gas at the pump goes up or there are lines
at the gas station. The energy crisis is ongoing and
getting worse despite many efforts. The reason for
this is that there is not a broad understanding of the
complex causes and solutions for the energy crisis.
Causes of the Energy Crisis
Some causes of the energy crisis were identified as
follows:
1. _______
The energy crisis is a result of many different strains
on our natural resources, not just one. There is a strain
on fossil fuels such as _______, _______ and
_______ due to _______ - which then in turn can put a
strain on our _______ and _______ by _______.
2. _______
Another cause of the crisis has been the _______ and
its demands for _______ and _______. No matter what
type of food or products you choose to use- from fair
trade and organic to those made from petroleum
products in a sweat shop - not one of them is
transported without a significant drain in our energy
resources.
3. _______
_______ of _______ is yet another reason for energy
shortage. Most of the energy producing firms keep on
using updated equipment that restricts the production
of energy. It is the responsibility of utilities to keep on
_______ and set a _______.
4. _______
_______ still remains unused in most countries. Most
of the energy comes from _______ like _______. It still
remains the top choice to produce energy. Unless we
give renewable energy a serious thought, the problem
of energy crisis cannot be solved. _______ can reduce
our dependence on _______ and also help reduce
_______.
5. _______
In few countries, there is a significant _______ that
can fill the gap between the _______ and _______.
The result is that _______ come under huge stress to
meet the daily demand for power. When _______
doesn't match _______, it results in _______ and
_______.
6. _______
In most parts of the world, people do not realize the
_______. It is only limited to _______, _______,
_______, _______ and _______. Unless we give it a
serious thought, things are not going to change. Simple
things like _______ when not in use, using maximum
daylight, walking instead of driving for short distance,
using CFL instead of traditional bulbs, proper insulation
for leakage of energy can go a long way in saving
energy.
7. _______
Frequent _______ and _______ are result of a
_______.
8. _______
Major accidents like _______ and _______ like
eruption of _______, _______, _______ can also
cause interruption to energy supplies. The huge gap
between _______ and _______ can raise the price of
essential items which can give raise to _______.
9. _______
_______ between countries can also hamper supply of
energy specially if it happens in _______ like _______,
_______, _______, _______ or _______. _______
reached its peak causing _______ and created major
problem for energy consumers.
10. _______
_______, _______, _______, severe _______ or
_______ can cause sudden increase in demand of
energy and can choke supply. A _______ can definitely
cause an energy crisis.
____________________________________________
What are Possible Solutions to the Energy Crisis?
Many of the possible solutions to the energy crisis are
already in place, but they have not been widely
adopted. They are:
1. _______
The best possible solution to the energy crisis is to
reduce the world's dependence on _______ and to
improve overall conservation efforts. Much of the
_______ was created using _______, but there is also
known technology that uses other types of renewable
energies such as _______, _______, and _______.
The major concern isn't so much that we will run out of
gas or oil, but that the use of coal is going to continue
to _______ and _______ in the process of mining the
coal that it has to be replaced as an energy source.
This is not easy because many of the leading
industries use coal, not gas or oil, as their primary
source of power for manufacturing.
2. _______.
Replace traditional bulbs with _______ and _______.
They use _______ and last longer. If millions of people
across the globe use _______ and _______ for
residential and commercial purposes, the demand for
energy can go down and an energy crisis can be
averted.
3. _______
There are a number of new technologies that make
lighting controls much more interesting and help
_______ and _______. Preset _______, _______,
_______, _______ are few of the lighting controls that
can help to conserve energy and reduce overall
lighting costs.
4. _______
People who use different options to generate power
must be given permission to _______ and get credit for
power you feed into it. The hassles of getting credit of
supplying surplus power back into the grid should be
removed Apart from that, subsidy on _______ should
be given to encourage more people to explore
renewable options.
5. _______
_______ can be used by big corporations to _______
and _______. _______, _______and _______could
use the design to come up with the most energy
efficient building and reduce carbon footprint.
6. _______
_______is a process that helps to identify the areas
where your home or office is losing energy and identify
steps you can take to improve energy efficiency.
_______when done by a professional can help you to
reduce your _______, _______and _______and
_______.
7. _______
Both developed and developing countries should adopt
a _______. They should focus on _______ through an
effective _______. With current _______and _______
of resources, the consequences of global warming and
climate change cannot be ruled out. Both developed
and developing countries must focus on emission cuts
to cut their emission levels to half from current trend
levels by _______.
CHAPTER V
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
 _______leads us to understand the fragility of our
environment and the importance of its protection.
 _______ is an easy way where each one can keep
sustaining and improving nature and ecology.
Environmental awareness is important for several
reasons:
1);
2); and
3).
In addition, _______ essentially serves as an
_______making people understand the _______,
_______and _______importance of preserving
resources and reducing or eliminating the harmful
impacts of alternations caused by man. _______ helps
people realize the _______on lands and _______.
Promotion of Environmental Education
 _______is an ideology that evokes the necessity
and responsibility of humans to _______,
_______and _______the natural word from the
_______or _______.
 There is a need to keep our _______ for our
children. They should not have to inherit our
environmental problems and in order to keep their
future bright, _______is imperative.
 While efforts are being exerted at the _______and
_______to protect our environment, we should do
our part as _______. Each one becomes aware of
the worth of good quality living.
 The _______is the major venue for developing
environmental awareness in students.
Environmental issues often arise with a _______
and the _______ and the _______.
 The _______plays an important role in the formation
of children's positive attitudes towards the
environment.
 _______in a process that allows individuals to
explore environmental issues, engage in problem
solving and take action to improve the environment
as a result, individuals develop a deeper
 understanding of environmental issues and show
the skills to make informed and responsible
decisions.
The 5 components of environmental education are:

There is no one road to solving problems. Rather,

environmental education teaches us how to weigh
various options and use problem-solving and decision-
making skills to arrive at the correct options.
Top 10 benefits of Environmental Education
1)

Beliefs and Convictions

_______perform a vital role in enlightening people to
acquire values, traditions, beliefs, conduct and to
become stewards of the environment. Each of the
religions professed by the Filipinos also includes
concern for the environment. _______ felt he was
called to be _______. (_______, _______.) The
impoverishment and self-denial of St. Francis was his
way of _______. (Encyclical letters of Pope Francis,
(2015).
_______further mentioned that true human
advancement should have moral character. _______ is
needed. More and more people are switching to
behavior that is safer for the earth. (Haveria, 2019).
_______is a tool for protecting the environment for
future generations. In this regard, the _______ which
stands for _______is being promoted as a way to
assist people in _______, _______and _______to
make wise decisions for our benefit.
_______ (2015 in Haveria, 2019) stated that _______
is built on ecological belief and deference to all forms
of organisms on earth. _______ is environmental
education in action.
Moreover, _______ (2015) mentioned in her study that
_______ can be seen in terms of academic service
learning which includes among others:
1)