CC BI KHC V ESTE

Cu 18: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thy phn trong mi trng axit thu c imetyl xeton. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l: A.HCOOCH=CH-CH3 C.CH3COOCH=CH2 B. HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 D. CH2=CH-COOCH3

Cu 39: Hn hp M gm 2 este n chc mch h X v Y hn km nhau mt nhm CH2 trong phn t. Cho 6,7 gam hn hp M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c hn hp 2 mui. Cng thc ca X, Y l: A.HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5 B.HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOC2H5 C.CH3COOCH=CH2 v HCOOCH=CH2 D.HCOOCH3 v CH3COOCH3 60 < M =

6 ,7 = 67 < 74 Chn D 0 ,1

Cu 47: Mun tng hp 60kg thy tinh hu c (plexiglat) th khi lng axit v ancol phi dng ln lt l (Bit hiu sut qu trnh este ha v qu trnh trng hp ln lt l 60% v 80%). A.32,5kg v 20kg B.85,5 kg v 41 kg C.85kg v 40kg D.107,5kg v 40kg Cc kin thc cn c trc M(thy tinh hu c) = 100; M(axit metacrylic = 86) ; M( CH3OH) = 32 Do khi lng axit trong cc p n l khc nhau, nn ch cn tnh khi lng axit Khi lng axit =

60 100 100 . .86. = 107 ,5 kg 100 80 60

Cu 31: Cho cc este: vinyl axetat, vinyl benzoat, etyl axetat, isoamyl axetat, phenyl axetat, alyl axetat. S este c th c iu ch bng phn ng trc tip ca ru v axit tng ng (c H 2SO4 xc tc) l: A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 5

Cc kin thc cn c trc

Trong chng trnh ph thng c 2 loi este c bit khng iu ch t ancol l: Este vinyl RCOO CH=(hoc tng t) Este phenyl RCOO C6H5 (hoc tng t) Cu 38: Hn hp X gm HCOOH v CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Cho 10,6 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 10,6 gam etanol (xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ha u bmg 80%). Gi tr ca m l: A. 16,96 gam B. 16,20 gam C. 12,96 gam D. 14,08 gam Cu 57: Cho 1,0 mol CH3COOH tc dng vi 1,0 mol C2H5OH ti nhit T (xc tc H2SO4 c) khi phn ng t n trng thi cn bng thu c 0,5 mol CH 3COOC2H5. Trong th nghim khc, ly 1,0 mol CH3COOH tc dng vi a mol C2H5OH (cc iu kin khc gi khng i) khi phn ng t n trng thi cn bng thu c 0,8 mol CH 3COOC2H5. Vy gi tr ca a tng ng l: A. 3,0 B. 4,0 C. 5,0 D. 3,5

Cu 10: Hp cht X (cha C, H, O) c M = 132, thuc loi a chc khi phn ng vi NaOH to ra mui v ancol. S lng hp cht tha mn tnh cht ca X l A. 2 cht B. 3 cht C. 4 cht D.5 cht Cu 43: Cho 0,15 mol C6H10O4 (ch cha chc este trong phn t) phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH thu c 24,6 gam mui ca axit hu c. Ancol to ra este l A. etanol B. propadiol C.etilenglycol D. metanol v etanol

C6H10O4 l este 2 chc c th c to t axit 2 chc v 2 ancol n chc; hoc t axit n chc v
anccol 2 chc. Trng hp 1: este 2 chc c th c to t axit 2 chc v 2 ancol n chc. COO-R' COO-Na R R COONa COOR'' `

Gc hidrocacbon = C2H6 : v l, v gc ha tr 2 phi l C2H4. Trng hp 1: khng ng, tc cc p n A, D sai

Trng hp 2: este 2 chc to t axit n chc v anccol 2 chc. OCOR R COONa + R'COO-Na R OCOR'

s mol mui = s mol este (v este 2 chc v mui cng 2 chc) M (mui) = 24,6 / 0,15 = 164 M(gc hidrocacbon) = 164 67.2 = 30

Este ha tr 2, trong khi mui ha tr 1, nn s mol 2 mui = 0,15.2 = 0,3 M(mui) = 24,6 / 0,3 = 82 Mui CH3COONa 2 mui c 4 C ancol 2 chc 2C etilenglycol

THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2011 Mn thi : HA, khi A - M : 482 Cu 1 : t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 ban u thay i nh th no? A. Tng 2,70 gam. B. Gim 7,74 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam. D. Gim 7,38 gam. K nng v kin thc cn c: 1. Cho CO2 v H2O vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 to kt ta, phn dung dch c th tng hoc gim khi lng, khi : m(CO2 + H2O) = m (kt ta) + m (tng) m(CO2 + H2O) = m (kt ta) m(tng)

2. Thy c cc cht ban u u c 2 , 2 oxi , c cng thc CnH2n 2O2 3. t chy cht 2

CnH2n 2 + O2

nCO > nH O
2
2 2

nCO2 + (n 1)H2O

nCO nH O = 1 nHpchahc t u
Gii: Cht CnH2n 2O2 c M = 14n + 30 vi s mol l x mol
Ta c 14nx + 30x = 3,42 ; trong nx = s mol C = 0,18 x = 0,03 mol n = 0,18 / 0,03 = 6 Cng thc tng ng cc cht C6H10O2 c 0,03 mol s mol CO2 = 0,18 (7,92 g) s mol H2O = 0,03.10 / 2 = 0,15 mol (2,7 gam) Ta c 7,92 + 2,7 = 10,62 = 18 m(gim) m(gim)= 7,38 gam Cu 2: Cho axit salixylic (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit axetic, thu c axit axetylsalixylic (o-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng hon ton vi 43,2 gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,72. B. 0,48. C. 0,96. D. 0,24. K nng v kin thc cn c: Bit t l mol khi phn ng ca o-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH vi KOH CH3COO-C6H4-COOH + 3 KOH CH3COOK + KO-C6H4-COOK

Gii: S mol CH3COO-C6H4-COOH = 0,24 mol s mol KOH = 0,24.3 = 0,72 V = 0,72 / 1 = 0,72 lt
Cu 10: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 14,5. B. 17,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5. K nng v kin thc cn c: Nhn nh c i tng este.

Gii: Este X to t ancol 2 chc v axit n chc nn X l este 2 chc c 4 oxi

X c 4+1=5C

CH2-OCO-H CH2-OCO-CH3

CTCT hay CTPT C5H8O4 (2 ) X tc dng NaOH t l mol 1:2 S mol NaOH = 0,25 mol s mol X = 0,25 / 2 = 0,125 khi lng X = 0,125.132 = 16,5 gam
Cu 29: Cho m gam hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C3H6O2 tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X v gi tr ca m l A. HCOOCH2CH3 v 8,88 gam. B. CH3COOCH3 v 6,66 gam. C. C2H5COOH v 8,88 gam.D. C2H5COOH v 6,66 gam. Cu 30: t chy 3,2 gam mt este E n chc, mch h c 3,584 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,304 gam H2O. Nu cho 15 gam E tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 14,3 gam cht rn khan. Vy cng thc ca ancol to nn este trn c th l A. CH2=CH-OH B. CH3OH C. CH3CH2OH D. CH2=CH-CH2OH

BI TON ESTE NNG CAO CAO NG 2011 Cu 29: x phng ho hon ton 52,8 gam hn hp hai este no, n chc , mch h l ng phn ca nhau cn va 600 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Bit c hai este ny u khng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc ca hai este l A. CH3COOC2H5 v HCOOC3H7 B. C2H5COOC2H5 v C3H7COOCH3 C. HCOOC4H9 v CH3COOC3H7 D. C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5 Cu 30: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C4H8O3. X c kh nng tham gia phn ng vi Na, vi dung dch NaOH v phn ng trng bc. Sn phm thu phn ca X trong mi trng kim c kh nng ho tan Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam. Cng thc cu to ca X c th l: A. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CHO B. HCOOCH2CH(OH)CH3 C. CH3COOCH2CH2OH. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH2OH Cu 35: Este X no, n chc, mch h, khng c phn ng trng bc. t chy 0,1 mol X ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo dung dch nc vi trong c cha 0,22 mol Ca(OH)2 th vn thu c kt ta. Thu phn X bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2 cht hu c c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t bng nhau. Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong X l: A. 43,24% B. 53,33% C. 37,21% D. 36,26% KHI B 2011 Cu 5: Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sau khi phn ng kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn cu to ca X tha mn cc tnh cht trn l: A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 2

Cu 2: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l: A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3 Cu 3: Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va vi mt lng NaOH, thu c 207,55 gam hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn ng l: A. 31 gam B. 32,36 gam C. 30 gam D. 31,45 gam Cu 9: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y? A. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng) B. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng) C. Dung dch NaOH (un nng) D. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) Cu 38: Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy hon ton 3,08 gam X, thu c 2,16 gam H2O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l: A. 25% B. 27,92% C. 72,08% D. 75% KHI A 2011 Cu 1 : t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 (d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 ban u thay i nh th no? A. Tng 2,70 gam. B. Gim 7,74 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam. D. Gim 7,38 gam. Cu 2: Cho axit salixylic (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit axetic, thu c axit axetylsalixylic (o-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng hon ton vi 43,2 gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,72. B. 0,48. C. 0,96. D. 0,24. Cu 10: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 14,5. B. 17,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5. Cu 58: t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X ( to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. S este ng phn ca X l: A. 2 B. 5 C. 6 D.4