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 Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters
Prob 7-1
−6 −6 3 −6
Vs := 220 C := 2⋅ 10 L := 25⋅ 10 R := 4 fo := 6.5⋅ 10 tq := 15⋅ 10

4
ω o := 2⋅ π ⋅ fo ω o = 4.084 × 10
Using Eq. (7-4)
2
1 R 5
ω r := − ω r = 1.166 × 10
L⋅ C 4⋅ L 2

ωr 4 1 −5
fr := fr = 1.856 × 10 Tr := Tr = 5.388 × 10
2⋅ π fr
Using Eq. (7-6)
R 4
α := α = 8 × 10
2⋅ L
α⋅π
z := z = 2.155
ωr
Using Eq. (7-17)
π π
( a) toff := − −5
ωo ωr toff = 4.998 × 10
Using Eq. (7-18)
1
( b) fmax := 4
⎛ π ⎞ fmax = 1.192 × 10
2⋅ ⎜ tq + ⎟
ωr
⎝ ⎠
Using Eq. (7-14)
Vs
Vc := Vc = 28.838
( c) z
e −1
Vc1 := Vs + Vc Vc1 = 248.838

Vpp := Vc + Vc1 Vpp = 277.676

Using Eq. (7-7)
1 ⎛ ωr ⎞ −6
( d) tm := ⋅ atan ⎜ ⎟ tm = 8.314 × 10
ωr ⎝α⎠

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-1
Using Eq. (7-5)
V s + V c − α ⋅ tm
Ip :=
ω r⋅ L
⋅e (
⋅ sin ω r⋅ tm ) Ip = 36.192

Tr
⌠2 2
⎮ ⎛⎜ Vs + Vc − α ⋅ t ⎞
(f ) Io := 2⋅ fo⋅ ⎮ ⋅e ⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) ⎟ dt I = 14.09
⎮ ⎜ ω r⋅ L ⎟ o
⌡0 ⎝ ⎠

2
Po := Io ⋅ R Po = 794.152
( g)
Po
( h) Is := Is = 3.61
Vs

⎡ Tr ⎤
⎢⌠ 2 ⎥
⎢⎮ ⎛⎜ Vs + Vc − α ⋅ t ⎞⎟ ⎥
( i) IA := fo⋅ ⎢ ⎮ ⋅e ⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) dt ⎥ IA = 3.61
⎜ ω r⋅ L ⎟
⎢⎮ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⌡0 ⎦
Ipk := IA Ipk = 3.61

Io
IR := IR = 9.963
2

Prob 7-2
−6 −6
Vs := 220 C1 := 2⋅ 10 C2 := 2⋅ 10 C := C1 + C2

−6 −6 3 −6
C = 4 × 10 L := 40⋅ 10 R := 1.2 fo := 8.5⋅ 10 tq := 15⋅ 10
4
ω o := 2⋅ π ⋅ fo ω o = 5.341 × 10
Using Eq. (7-4)
2
1 R 4
ω r := − ω r = 7.762 × 10
L⋅ C 4⋅ L2

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-2
 ωr 4 1 −5
fr := fr = 1.235 × 10 Tr := Tr = 8.095 × 10
2⋅ π fr
Using Eq. (7-6)
R 4
α := α = 1.5 × 10
2⋅ L
α⋅π
z := z = 0.607
ωr

Using Eq. (7-17)

π π
( a) toff := − −5
ωo ωr toff = 1.835 × 10
Using Eq. (7-18)
1
fmax := 3
fmax = 9.013 × 10
⎛
2⋅ ⎜ tq +
π ⎞
ωr ⎟
Using Eq. (7-14) ⎝ ⎠

Vs
Vc := Vc = 263.439
z
e −1
Vc1 := Vs + Vc Vc1 = 483.439

Vpp := Vc + Vc1 Vpp = 746.878

Using Eq. (7-7)

1 ⎛ ωr ⎞ −5
tm := ⋅ atan ⎜ ⎟ tm = 1.778 × 10
ωr ⎝α⎠
Using Eq. (7-5)
V s + V c − α ⋅ tm
Ip :=
ω r⋅ L
⋅e ( )
⋅ sin ω r⋅ tm Ip = 117.093

Ip
Ips := Ips = 58.547
2

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-3
 Tr
⌠2 2
⎮ ⎛⎜ Vs + Vc − α ⋅ t ⎞
Io := 2⋅ fo⋅ ⎮ ⋅e ⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) ⎟ dt I = 68.232
⎮ ⎜ ω r⋅ L ⎟ o
⌡0 ⎝ ⎠

2 3
Po := Io ⋅ R Po = 5.587 × 10
Po
Is := Is = 25.394
Vs
⎡ Tr ⎤
⎢⌠ 2 ⎥
⎢⎮ ⎛⎜ Vs + Vc − α ⋅ t ⎞⎟ ⎥
( b) IA := fo⋅ ⎢ ⎮ ⋅e ⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) dt ⎥ IA = 25.394
⎜ ω r⋅ L ⎟
⎢⎮ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⌡0 ⎦
( c) Ipk := IA Ipk = 25.394
Io
IR := IR = 48.247
2

Prob 7-3
−6 −6 3
Vs := 220 C := 2⋅ 10 L := 30⋅ 10 R := 0 fo := 15⋅ 10
−6 −6
tsw := 12⋅ 10 4 tq := 12⋅ 10
ω o = 5.341 × 10

ω o := 2⋅ π ⋅ fo
Using Eq. (7-4)
2
1 R 5
ω r := − ω r = 1.291 × 10
L⋅ C 4⋅ L2

Using Eq. (7-24)

ωr 4 1 −5
fr := fr = 2.055 × 10 Tr := Tr = 4.867 × 10
2⋅ π fr

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-4
 Tr 1 −5
t1 := t1 = 2.433 × 10
−5 To := To = 6.667 × 10
2 fo

−5
td := To − Tr td = 1.8 × 10
Using Eq. (7-6)
R
α := α =0
2⋅ L

α⋅π
z := z=0
ωr

Vc := 0

Vc1 := 2Vs Vc1 = 440

Using Eq. (7-26)
C
( a) Ip := Vs⋅
L Ip = 56.804
⎡ π ⎤
⎢ ⌠ ωr ⎥
⎢⎮ ⎥
( b) IA := fo⋅ ⎢ ⎮ ( Ip⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) ) dt ⎥ IA = 13.2
⎣ ⌡0 ⎦
t
⌠1
( c) IR := ( ( ))
2
fo⋅ ⎮ Ip⋅ sin ω r⋅ t dt
⌡0
IR = 24.267

( d) Vpp := Vc1 − Vc Vpp = 440

1 4
( e) fs_max := fs_max = 4.167 × 10
2⋅ tsw

(f ) Is := 0
Prob 7-4
−6 −6
Vs := 220 C1 := 2⋅ 10 C2 := 2⋅ 10 C := C1 + C2

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-5
 −6 −6 3
C = 4 × 10 L := 20⋅ 10 R := 1.5 fo := 3.5⋅ 10

4
ω o := 2⋅ π ⋅ fo ω o = 2.199 × 10
Using Eq. (7-4)

2
1 R 5
ω r := − ω r = 1.053 × 10
L⋅ C 4⋅ L2
ωr 4 1 −5
fr := fr = 1.676 × 10 Tr := Tr = 5.965 × 10
2⋅ π fr
Tr 1 −4
−5 To := To = 2.857 × 10
t1 := t1 = 2.983 × 10 fo
2
−4
td := To − Tr td = 2.261 × 10
Using Eq. (7-6)
R 4
α := α = 3.75 × 10
2⋅ L
α⋅π
z := z = 1.119
ωr

Using Eq. (7-14)

Vs
Vc := Vc = 106.78
z
e −1
Vc1 := Vs + Vc Vc1 = 326.78
Using Eq. (7-7)

1 ⎛ ωr ⎞ −5
( a) tm := ⋅ atan ⎜ ⎟ tm = 1.167 × 10
ωr ⎝α⎠
Using Eq. (7-5)
V s + V c − α ⋅ tm
Ip :=
ω r⋅ L
⋅e ( )
⋅ sin ω r⋅ tm Ip = 94.357

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-6
 ⎡ Tr ⎤
⎢⌠ 2 ⎥
⎢⎮ ⎛⎜ Vs + Vc − α ⋅ t ⎞⎟ ⎥
( b) IA := fo⋅ ⎢ ⎮ ⋅e ⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) dt ⎥ IA = 6.07
⎜ ω r⋅ L ⎟
⎢⎮ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⌡0 ⎦

t
⌠1 2
⎮ ⎛⎜ Vs + Vc − α ⋅ t ⎞
⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) ⎟ dt
( c) IR := fo⋅ ⎮ ⋅e IR = 21.098
⎮ ⎜ ω r⋅ L ⎟
⌡0 ⎝ ⎠

( d) Io := 2⋅ IR Io = 42.196

2 3
( e) Po := Io ⋅ R Po = 2.671 × 10
Po
Is := Is = 12.14
Vs

Prob 7-6
−6 −6 3
Vs := 220 C := 2⋅ 10 L := 20⋅ 10 R := 1.2 fo := 3.5⋅ 10
4
ω o := 2⋅ π ⋅ fo ω o = 2.199 × 10
Using Eq. (7-4)
2
1 R 5
ω r := − ω r = 1.552 × 10
L⋅ C 4⋅ L2
ωr 4 1 −5
fr := fr = 2.471 × 10 Tr := Tr = 4.047 × 10
2⋅ π fr
Tr 1 −4
−5 T := To = 2.857 × 10
t1 := t1 = 2.024 × 10 o fo
2
−4
td := To − Tr td = 2.452 × 10
Using Eq. (7-6)
R 4
α := α = 3 × 10
2⋅ L

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-7
 α⋅π
z := z = 0.607
ωr

Using Eq. (7-15)

(z )
Vs⋅ e + 1
Vc := Vc = 746.878
z
e −1

Vc1 := Vc Vc1 = 746.878

Using Eq. (7-7)
1 ⎛ ωr ⎞ −6
( a) tm := ⋅ atan ⎜ ⎟ tm = 8.889 × 10
ωr ⎝α⎠
Using Eq. (7-5)
V s + V c − α ⋅ tm
Ip :=
ω r⋅ L
⋅e ( )
⋅ sin ω r⋅ tm Ip = 234.186

⎡ ⌠ t1 ⎤
⎢ ⎮ ⎛⎜ Vs + Vc − α ⋅ t ⎞⎟ ⎥
( b) IA := fo⋅ ⎢ ⎮ ⋅e ⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) dt ⎥ IA = 10.456
⎜ ω ⋅ L ⎟
⎢⎮⌡0 ⎝ ⎠ ⎥
r
⎣ ⎦
t
⌠1 2
⎮ ⎛⎜ Vs + Vc − α ⋅ t ⎞
⋅ sin ( ω r⋅ t) ⎟ dt
( c) IR := fo⋅ ⎮ ⋅e IR = 43.783
⎮ ⎜ ω r⋅ L ⎟
⌡0 ⎝ ⎠

( d) Io := 2⋅ IR Io = 87.567

2 3
( e) Po := Io ⋅ R Po = 9.202 × 10
Po
Is := Is = 41.825
Vs

Prob 7-7
3 3
PL := 2⋅ 10 R := 5 fo := 25⋅ 10 PRQ := 500 u := 0.8

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-8
 ⎛ P ⋅ 2⋅ π 2⋅ R⎞
Vs := ⎝ L ⎠ Vs = 111.072
( a) 4
PL
x := x=4
( b) PRQ

x−1
Qs := Qs = 3.849
2
⎛u − 1⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ u⎠
R⋅ Qs −4
( c) L := L = 1.225 × 10
2⋅ π ⋅ fo
1
( d) C := −7
C = 3.308 × 10
( 2⋅ π ⋅ fo) ⋅ L2

Prob 7-8
3 3
PL := 2⋅ 10 Vp := 330 R := 6.5 fo := 25⋅ 10 PRQ := 500

⎛ P ⋅ 2⋅ π 2⋅ R⎞
Vs := ⎝ L ⎠ Vs = 126.642
( a) 4

4⋅ Vs
Vi :=
π Vi = 161.245
Vp
( b) Q :=
Vi Q = 2.047
PL
x := x=4
PRQ

Guess
u := 1.
Given

(1 − u )
2
+ ⎛⎜ ⎟ = x
2
2 u⎞
⎝Q⎠

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-9
 Uval := Find ( u)
u := Uval u = 1.68

R
( c) L := −5
2⋅ π ⋅ fo⋅ Q L = 2.022 × 10

1
( d) C := −6
C = 2.004 × 10
( 2⋅ π ⋅ fo) ⋅ L
2

Prob 7-9
3 3
PL := 2⋅ 10 Vp := 170 R := 5 fo := 25⋅ 10 PRQ := 500

u := 1.25
2
1 PL⋅ 2⋅ π
Is := Is = 22.214
( a) 4 R
PL
x := x=4
( b) PRQ

x−1
Qp := Qp = 3.849
2
⎛u − 1⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ u⎠
Qp
( c) C := −6
2⋅ π ⋅ fo⋅ R C = 4.901 × 10

1 −6
( d) L := L = 8.27 × 10
( 2⋅ π ⋅ fo) 2⋅ C
Prob 7-10
3
Vs := 18 R := 5 fs := 50⋅ 10 k := 0.304 Q := 7
5
ω s := 2⋅ π ⋅ fs ω s = 3.142 × 10

0.4001⋅ R −6
Le := Le = 6.368 × 10
ωs
2.165 −6
Ce := Ce = 1.378 × 10
R⋅ ω s

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-10
 Q⋅ R −4
L := L = 1.114 × 10
ωs
1 −8
C := C = 9.578 × 10
(
ω s⋅ ω s⋅ L − 0.3533⋅ R )
R C
δ := ⋅ δ = 0.073
2 L

1 4
fo := fo = 4.872 × 10
2⋅ π ⋅ L⋅ C

Prob 7-11
−3 3
Vm := 12 ΔVm := 20⋅ 10 fo := 350⋅ 10
PL := 1.5 Vo := 5

−9 −8
( a) Let C := 10⋅ 10 C = 1 × 10

1
L := −5
L = 2.068 × 10
(
C⋅ 2⋅ π ⋅ fo ) 2

2
Vo
R := R = 16.67
PL
Vo
Io := Io = 0.3
R
Io
Cf := −5
2⋅ fo⋅ ΔVm Cf = 2.14 × 10
Vm
( b) Im := Im⋅ 1000 = 720 mA
R

2
Im
2
IL_rms := Io + IL_rms⋅ 1000 = 590.931 mA
2

IL_dc := Io IL_dc⋅ 1000 = 300 mA

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-11
 Im
IC_rms :=
2 IC_rms⋅ 1000 = 509.117 mA

IC_dc := 0 IC_dc = 0

Prob 7-12

Vo := 5 Vs := 15 3 x := 1.5
PL := 1.5 f := 40⋅ 10

1 −5
T := T = 2.5 × 10
f
PL
Io := Io = 0.3
Vo

T⋅ Io
−7
C := C = 1.221 × 10
Vs⋅ ⎜
⎛ π + 2⎞
⎟
⎝x ⎠
2
⎛ Vs ⎞ −4
L := ⎜ ⎟ ⋅C L = 1.357 × 10
x⋅ Io
⎝ ⎠

Prob 7-13
Vo := 5 Vs := 15 3
PL := 1 f := 40⋅ 10
−6 −6 1
L := 150⋅ 10 C := 0.02⋅ 10 ω o :=
L⋅ C 5
ω o = 5.774 × 10
PL
Io := Io = 0.2
Vo

Using Eq. (7-56)

( a) L
Vp := Io⋅ + Vs Vp = 32.321
C

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-12
 Ip := Io
Ip = 0.2
C
( b) t1 := Vs⋅ −6
Io t1 = 1.5 × 10

−6
t2 := π ⋅ L⋅ C t2 = 5.441 × 10

Vs C
x := ⋅ x = 0.866
Io L

t3 := L⋅ C⋅ asin ( x) −6
t3 = 1.814 × 10

(
IL3 := −Io⋅ cos ω o⋅ t3 ) IL3 = −0.1

( )
L
t4 := Io − IL3 ⋅ −6
Vs t4 = 3 × 10

(
t5 := T − t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 ) t5 = 1.324 × 10
−5

Chapter 7-Resonant Inverters

Page # 7-13
Another random document with
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This little creature is a native of Africa, and is only known to us in a
domestic state. It is unable to bear a cold climate, and cannot live
without great care and shelter. It is usually kept in a box, with wool,
of which it makes itself a warm bed. It sleeps a great part of the day;
and the moment it awakes, it seems eager for its food, which is
commonly bread and milk. The length of the Ferret is about fourteen
inches; the tail is five inches long; its nose is sharper than that of the
Weasel, its ears are round, and its eyes red and fiery: the colour of
the whole body is a very pale yellow. When employed to clear the
rabbit warren, it must be muzzled, that it may not kill the rabbits in
their holes, but only oblige them to come out, that the warrener may
catch them in his nets. If the Ferret be suffered to go in without a
muzzle, or should free himself from it whilst in the hole, there is great
danger of losing it: for, after satisfying itself with blood, it falls asleep,
and it is then almost impossible to get at it. The most usual method
is by digging it out, or smoking the hole. If these do not succeed, it
continues during the summer among the rabbit holes, and lives upon
the prey it finds there; but is sure to perish in the winter.
 THE POLECAT.

THE POLECAT.

The Polecat is not afraid of mankind, but approaches our dwellings

with confidence, mounts to their roofs, and often lives in barns, hay-
lofts, or other places that are much frequented. From thence he
prowls about under the shadow of night, to attack the poultry. He is
very active, and runs fast. While running, his belly seems to touch
the ground; but in preparing to jump, he arches his back very much,
by means of which the force of his spring is greatly increased. The
Polecat, during summer, lives in woods, or about rabbit-warrens.
Here, if he cannot find a hole ready made that suits him, he forms a
retreat for himself, in the ground, about two yards in length, which he
contrives, if he can, to end among the roots of some large tree. From
thence he often comes forth and destroys game and rabbits. These
animals are also very fond of honey; and in winter when the bees are
weakened by the coldness of the season, they have been known to
attack the hives and to devour their contents very eagerly.
 THE BADGER.

THE BADGER.

This animal is a native of Europe, but is known to live in warm

countries. It is found, without any variety, in Spain, France, Italy,
Germany, Britain, Poland, and Sweden. The usual length of the
Badger is somewhat above two feet, and the tail is about six inches
long; its eyes are small, and are placed in a black stripe which
begins behind the ears, and runs towards the nose; the throat and
legs are black; the back, sides, and tail, are of a dirty grey, mixed
with black; the legs and feet are very short, strong, and thick; each
foot has five toes; those on the fore feet are armed with strong
claws, well adapted for digging.
Although furnished with powerful weapons of offence, and having
besides strength to use them with great effect, it is very harmless
and inoffensive; and unless attacked, employs them only for its
support. The Badger retires to the most secret places, where it digs
its hole, and forms its dwelling under ground. Its food consists chiefly
of roots, fruits, grass, insects, and frogs. Few creatures defend
themselves better, or bite with greater keenness, than the Badger.
On that account it has been often baited with dogs trained for the
purpose; but, happily, little is now heard of this very cruel sport. The
Badger is a very sleepy animal. It keeps its hole during the day, and
feeds only in the night.
THE FOX.

THE FOX.
The Fox is a native of almost every quarter of the globe; and is of so
wild and savage a nature that it is said to be impossible fully to tame
him: when partially so, he is very playful; but will on the least offence,
bite those with whom he is most familiar. He possesses more
cunning than any other beast of prey. This quality he shows in his
mode of providing for himself a place of security, where he retires
from pressing dangers, and brings up his young; and his craftiness is
also discovered by his schemes to catch lambs, geese, hens, and all
kinds of small birds.
When he can conveniently do so, the Fox fixes his abode on the
border of a wood, in the neighbourhood of some farm or village. He
listens to the crowing of the cocks, or the cries of the poultry. He
scents them at a distance; he chooses his time with judgment; and
conceals his road, as well as his design. He slips forward with
caution, sometimes even trailing his body; and seldom misses his
booty. If he can leap the wall, or creep in beneath the gate, he
ravages the court-yard, puts all to death, and retires with his prey. He
hunts the young hares in the plains; and seizes the old ones in their
seats. The eye of the Fox is of a lively hazel colour, and very
expressive.
 THE WOLF.

These animals are natives of almost all the temperate and cold
countries of the globe; and were formerly so numerous in this island,
that King Edgar, about a thousand years ago, changed the
punishments for some offences, into a demand of a certain number
of Wolves’ tongues from each criminal; and once converted a heavy
and oppressive tax on one of the Welsh princes, into a yearly tribute
of three hundred Wolves’ heads. Some hundred years after, these
animals increased to such a degree, that great rewards were given
for destroying them.
 THE WOLF.

The Wolf is very savage indeed when it is hungry. It then braves

every danger, and even attacks those animals that are protected by
man. Man himself, upon these occasions, frequently falls a victim to
its power; and it is said, that when Wolves have once tasted human
blood, they always give it the preference. The Wolf has great
strength, especially in the muscles of his neck and jaw: he can carry
a sheep in his mouth, and easily run off with it in that manner. His
bite is cruel and deadly, and keener as it meets with no opposition:
but when opposed, he is cautious and careful, and seldom fights but
from necessity. Sometimes whole droves of them join in the cruel
work of destruction.
THE SHEPHERD’S DOG.

THE SHEPHERD’S DOG.

This useful animal, ever faithful to his charge, reigns at the head of
the flock, where he is better heard, and more attended to, than even
the Shepherd himself. In the few remaining large tracts of land which
are appropriated to the feeding of Sheep, this dog is of the utmost
importance. Large flocks range over extensive tracts of land,
seemingly without controul: their only guide being the Shepherd,
attended by his Dog, the constant companion of his toil. It receives
his commands, and is always prompt to execute them; it is the
watchful guardian of the flock, prevents straying, keeps them
together, and conducts them from one pasture to another: it will not
suffer strange sheep to mix with them, but carefully keeps off every
intruder. In driving a number of sheep to any distant part, a well-
trained Dog never fails to confine them to the road; he watches every
avenue that leads from it, where he takes his stand, to prevent them
from going out of the way. He pursues the stragglers if any escape,
and forces them into order, without doing them the least injury. If the
Shepherd be at any time absent he depends upon his Dog to keep
them together; and as soon as he gives the well-known signal, this
faithful creature conducts them to his master, though at a great
distance.
 THE BULLDOG.

THE BULLDOG.

When little children meet any dogs they should take care not to
tease them, more particularly the Bulldog, for when that dog is
completely roused it is the fiercest of its kind, and is probably the
most courageous creature in the world. It is low in stature, but very
strong. Its nose is short; and the under jaw projects beyond the
upper, which makes it look very fierce. Its courage in attacking the
bull is well known; its fury in seizing and its obstinacy in keeping its
hold, are truly astonishing. It always aims at the front, and generally
fastens upon the lip, the tongue, the eye, or some part of the face;
where it hangs in spite of every effort of the bull to get away from it.
Many stories are told us of this most cruel sport; but of late years
the inhuman custom of baiting the bull has been almost entirely laid
aside, and there are now few Dogs of this kind to be seen. The great
danger of the Bulldog is, he always makes his attack without barking.