HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

WEEK 3
 EQUIPMENTS AND TOOLS

EQUIPMENT
functions through the mechanical advantage of a simple machine,
the ratio between input force applied and force exerted is
multiplied, making tasks which could take hundreds of people and
weeks of labor without heavy equipment far less intensive in
nature

TOOLS
a device or implement, especially one held in the hand,
used to carry out a particular function
EQUIPMENT
1. TRUCKS
They are used for the transportation of men, materials, and
machines around the construction area. They are classified
depending on the truck capacity, axles, and number of
driving wheels

2. DUMPERS
These are the most versatile, labor-saving equipment for
hauling construction materials like bricks, aggregates,
concrete, etc. These are usually diesel-powered and can
traverse any rough terrain on the site.
EQUIPMENT
3. FORKLIFT
This is a handy machine used for quick and efficient handling of
materials around the building sites. They have a short
wheelbase and can handle up to several tonnes. These
machines have become popular since they rapidly move the
materials with a low breakage factor.

4. CRANES
A crane is a machine that is used for lifting heavy loads with the
help of a wire or a rope. They are mainly used to lift large and
heavy components on the construction site. They have lifting
capacities ranging from half a tonne to 500 tonnes.
Types of Cranes

1. Mobile Crane Crawler crane

Carry Deck crane

Truck mounted crane / Boom Truck

2. Gantry Crane

3. Telescopic Crane
4. Tower Crane
EQUIPMENT
5. BOOM LIFT
is an aerial platform that lifts employees off the ground to
work on a project that is higher up. The bucket of this
construction lift is usually large enough for one to two
employees to stand-in

6. SCISSORS LIFT
re aerial work platforms that elevate workers. Scissor lifts can be
electric or propelled by an engine. Electric scissor lifts are
employed when a calmer work environment is required, whereas
engine-powered lifts compromise silence for harsh terrain mobility.
Operators use a jacking system to raise the buckets of scissor lifts
EQUIPMENT
7. FORK LIFT
transfer things across short distances. The lift can transport
items both vertically and horizontally. It has a steering
wheel and dashboard controls and is efficient in
warehouses

8. TELEHANDLER

combines the reach of a crane with the lifting capacity of a

forklift. It's a suitable choice when performing material handling
work at heights. Cat telehandlers feature rugged construction
and superior all-around visibility for tasks such as tree surgery,
outside building maintenance and forage crop production
EQUIPMENT
9. BULLDOZER
or dozer (also called a crawler) are crawler machines with a
wide range of applications. This large gear, equipped with a
metal bucket plate, is used to push, move, and compress
any loose material on the job site

10. WHEEL TRACTOR SCRAPER

are also efficient in earthmoving operations. This piece of heavy
machinery has a vertically moving back hopper with a sharp
edge for leveling a surface. In addition, the sharp edge and
carpenter’s plane operators use for cutting ground and wood
are on the front end
EQUIPMENT
11. BACKHOE LOADER
is another form of a digger. This multi-purpose machine has
a backhoe and a bucket in the front. It’s similar to a tractor
in that an operator drives and can push items while also
scooping.

12. EXCAVATOR
are also efficient in earthmoving operations. This piece of heavy
machinery has a vertically moving back hopper with a sharp
edge for leveling a surface. In addition, the sharp edge and
carpenter’s plane operators use for cutting ground and wood
are on the front end
EQUIPMENT
13. TRENCHER
are ideal for digging ditches, channels, and other long, narrow
holes for pipelines and cables that run underground. This
formidable weapon is equipped with a big metal chain made of
solid steel, which it utilizes to rip roots, smaller rocks, and soil out
of the ground

14. ARTICULATED HAULER

is built with a pivot joint to increase mobility. This joint is
perfect for most structural structures since it can bear
typically have a
enormous loads around tight curves.
payload capacity between 25 and 60 tons
EQUIPMENT
15. OFF HIGHWAY TRUCK
Heavy-duty dump truck’s enormous wheels and thick treads
allow it to go off-road and support construction and mining
operations. Its primary function is moving boulders or soil
from one location to another. To support even bigger loads,
some models feature multi-axle dump buckets.
Mechanical and mining trucks often can move much heavier
payloads, typically ranging between 40 to almost 700 tons

16. ASPHALT PAVER

sphalt pavers were engineered to evenly spread asphalt over

project areas while providing minor compaction
EQUIPMENT
17. COLD PLANER
removes asphalt from its original spot by grinding it. This
machine drives down a space, picking up poured asphalt,
milling it, and then dumping it into a dump truck through a
belt system.

18. COMPACTOR

While many different compactors exist, the plate compactor is

the most prevalent. It has a vibrating base plate that crushes
uneven particles and levels surfaces
18.1 VIBRATING PLATE COMPACTOR

Vibrating plate compactors come in

various sizes and can range from 100 to
300 pounds. They feature the largest
plates and can produce up to 10,000
vibrations per minute. Unlike smaller
tools, vibrating plates can compress
substances like clay and sand.
18.3 SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
While smooth wheel rollers can compress soil and clay,
their design favors compacting gravel, crushed rocks and
sand. For this reason, they often help pave highways and
freeways. Due to their lack of traction, driving a smooth
wheel machine on wet roads poses a massive safety hazard.

18.2 UPRIGHT RAMMER OR

POWER RAMMER
Sometimes called trench rammers, are small, hand-
operated compactors. Because of their small size and
light weight, teams use them in trenches and ditches.
However, because of their limited output, they aren’t
suited for dense material covering a wide surface
area. Power rammers rely on the static force of a
physical impact instead of vibrations.
 18.4 SELF PROPELLED ROLLER
Self-propelled rollers, sometimes called pedestrian,
hand-guided or walk-behind rollers, are hand-
guided compaction devices. Unlike larger models,
their drums reach a maximum width of two feet.
While they fall short of other rollers’ power, they
require less energy and fit into smaller spaces. 18.6 SHEEP FOOTED ROLLER

features a steel drum covered in rectangular steel

protrusions, sometimes called lugs or feet, that extend from
the drum’s surface. These feet work best on fine-grained
18.5 PNEUMATIC TIRE ROLLER soils and clay, however operators should remember that the
dimensions, weight and number of lugs on a drum will
Are widely used for compaction of sub grades, bases influence compaction quality.
and bituminous mixes. These type of compaction
equipment are suitable for soft base materials or
layers of loose soil and closely grained sands. It can be
used for compaction of the cohesive soils with the
moisture content of 2-4% below the plastic limit. It is
very effective for bituminous layers where the design
mix has a high content of fines. These rollers are also
called as rubber tyred rollers.
18.7 GRID ROLLER
The cylindrical surface of a grid roller is composed of
interconnected steel bars, resembling a steel grid. They
work by breaking down large rocks and forcing them
beneath compressed soil. Unlike other rollers, operators
usually attach grid rollers to the back of another vehicle.
EQUIPMENT
19. CONCRETE MIXER TRUCK

mix and agitate ready mixed concrete with their special

drums, while carrying the concrete to the construction
worksites.

20. CONCRETE PUMP

a construction tool that helps you transfer freshly mixed concrete to

the worksite when and where it's needed
EQUIPMENT
21. DEWATERING PUMP
s a centrifugal pump that is used wherever you need to
remove water. You can use the pump at construction sites,
in tunnels and mines and also in buildings where you need
to remove unwanted water.

22. GENERATOR

s a device that converts motion-based power (potential and

kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy)
into electric power for use in an external circuit
EQUIPMENT
23. LIGHT TOWERS

It’s a tower with large lights or bulbs attached at the top.

They are primarily used in outdoor spaces to provide
a light source in dark

24. MOTOR GRADER

Is a type of heavy equipment designed to level surfaces and

spread materials
EQUIPMENT
25. SINGLE MANLIFT
Manlifts utilize a bent crane system that uses hydraulic
pumps to raise a bucket that workers stand-in during
transport. This construction lift is ideal for any project that
needs to reach high elevations.

26. SKID STEEL LOADER

s a small engine-powered machine. In front of the operating

cabin, there’s a mechanism that allows for the attachment of
different types of tools.
EQUIPMENT
27. COMPACT TRACK AND MULTI
TERRAIN LOADER

are small, compressed machines used to transport and

load materials. Equipped with front metal plate scoops,
both machines lift and break apart massive loads..

28. WALKIE STALKER

also known as pallet jacks, are similar to forklifts, except that
they aren’t driven. Instead, workers operate walkie stackers by
standing behind them and using control guides to lift and push
pallets or other loads around the warehouse or job site
EQUIPMENT
29. ROCK BREAKER
is a chiseled tool with hydraulic power that drives the tip
forcefully up and down, making it possible to demolish rock and
other hard, solid material. Rock breakers can be mounted on
heavy machinery like excavators or backhoe loaders

30. TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

also known as “moles,” are powerful machines that

revolutionized tunnel-making, such as building subways.
EQUIPMENT
31. ONE / TWO BAGGER CONCRETE MIXER

Is a machine that has entirely changed the traditional way

of mixing concrete by hand. It is preferred over hand
mixing, as it provides an easy and quick mixing of sand or
gravel and water needed to produce concrete

32. CONCRETE MIXER PUMP

is a construction tool that helps you transfer freshly mixed

concrete to the worksite when and where it's needed. Concrete
pumps work by utilizing a valve system and hydraulics
EQUIPMENT
33. WHEEL LOADER OR PAY LOADER

is a piece of heavy machinery used to load and carry

materials across a job site. Wheel loaders can haul
fine materials like sand or large objects like rock and
demolition debris
TOOLS
1. CONCRETE VIBRATOR

is used to ensure that the concrete becomes compact

while putting concrete

2. ANGLE GRINDER
lso known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is a handheld power
tool used for grinding (abrasive cutting) and polishing. Although
developed originally as tools for rigid abrasive discs, the
availability of an interchangeable power source has encouraged
their use with a wide variety of cutters and attachments.
TOOLS
3. WELDING MACHINE

is a tool used to bond two separate materials together

through the use of one of two factors, heat and pressure

4. CUT-OFF MACHINE

re designed to cut hard materials such as metal

pipe and tube, concrete and masonry
TOOLS
5. CIRCULAR SAW
Is a tool for cutting many materials such as wood,
masonry, plastic, or metal and may be hand-held or
mounted to a machine. anyone can use a circular saw,
but generally, DIY professionals, artisans, carpenters,
furniture makers, and so on using a circular saw to get
their job done

6. JIG SAW

a mechanical saw with a fine steel blade for cutting intricate cur
ves in sheets of material
TOOLS
7. JACK HAMMER

is a large hammer, powered by compressed air, that is used

for breaking up rocks and other hard material

8. ELECTRIC PLANER

is essentially a large, durable razor used to shave

pieces of wood down. is the perfect tool for
reshaping, jointing, and smoothing wood
TOOLS
9. IMPACT DRILL
is a versatile tool that combines the power of a hammer
with the speed of a drill. It can be used for a variety of tasks
including drilling, driving, and fastening in hard materials
like brick, concrete, and metal

10. ROTARY HAMMER

is a power tool used in heavy duty tasks, that
require drilling or chiseling hard materials, such as
concrete. In other words, these types of tools are
best suited for masonry tasks.
TOOLS
11. POLISHER

are mainly in use for smoothening wood or marble

flooring surfaces.

12. TILE CUTTER

is used to cut the tiles at the appropriate size. The
tile cutter is helpful when the tile’s standard size is
greater than needed at the corners where the floor
meets the wall.
TOOLS
13. WOOD PLANER
is a tool used to remove a layer of wood from a flat surface,
straighten wood surfaces, smooth (finish) surfaces on both
sides of the work piece.

The blade is often adjustable to control the amount of

material to be removed with each pass

14. CORING DRILL MACHINE

removing a cylindrical section of concrete from a wall or structure.
Coring is most often performed on building walls, floors, and
ceilings. There are many reasons why construction workers need to
create a hole, but it’s most often to create space for water pipes,
communication lines, sewer pipes, electrical wiring, and other utility
lines to pass through to the other side.
TOOLS
15. VACUUM BLOWER

is a tool mainly used to clean surface impurities, i.e., dust

from the surface area like a concrete slab or any floor
surface.

16. MEASURING WHEEL

is a very simple device This instrument features a wheel, a
counting device, and a guiding rod with a handle.
Distance measuring wheels are estimators, which means that
they aren’t ideal for accurate or precise measurements.
Rather, they are good for getting approximates of a wide
piece of land or even an indoor space.
TOOLS
17. FLOOR SAW CUTTING
MACHINE
is a tool mainly used to clean surface impurities, i.e., dust
from the surface area like a concrete slab or any floor
surface.

18. POWER TROWEL

is a very simple device This instrument features a wheel, a
counting device, and a guiding rod with a handle.
Distance measuring wheels are estimators, which means that
they aren’t ideal for accurate or precise measurements.
Rather, they are good for getting approximates of a wide
piece of land or even an indoor space.
TOOLS
19. CHAIN SAW
As the name mentioned, a chain saw consists of a linked chain that
rotates around a piece of steel. It has teeth-like notched edges
attached to the chain. When the chain rotates, it cuts through the
wood very fast. Chain saw using different sorts of power resources
including gas, petrol, electricity, and battery-powered motors.

20. HACK SAW

is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting

metal..
TOOLS
21. HAND SAW
It is one of the simplest and oldest forms of the saw. People
have been using it since ancient times. It is mainly used in
houses for common purposes, including modifying or framing
things. It also helps in cutting the bones..

22. WHEEL BORROW

s a small hand-propelled load-bearing vehicle,

usually with just one wheel, designed to be
pushed and guided by a single person using
two handles at the rear.
TOOLS
23. RIVETER

is a mechanical fastener with a plane unthreaded shaft that’s

inserted through holes to join two or more parts together

24. CLAW HAMMER

is a tool commonly used in carpentry and other
construction work, which typically consists of a
handle and a head. It has two main features - one
side of the head is flat and used for pounding
nails into an object or surface, while the other
side, often referred to as the claw, is a forked,
curved end used for pulling nails out
TOOLS
25. SLEDGE HAMMER
is a tool with a large, flat, often metal head, attached to a long
handle. The long handle combined with a heavy head allows the
sledgehammer to gather momentum during a swing and apply a
large force compared to hammers designed to drive nails. Along
with the mallet, it shares the ability to distribute force over a wide
area

26. SPADE / SHOVEL

is a tool primarily for digging consisting of a

long handle and blade, typically with the blade
narrower and flatter than the common shovel.
TOOLS
27. MANUAL PIPE BENDER
are mechanical devices that can provide accurate
bends and twists on tubes and pipes. These machines
rely on a force applied to their handle to bend copper,
stainless steel, cast iron, and aluminum pipes. Manual
pipe benders are ideal to use on a worksite without an
electricity sourcearea

28. CROW BAR

lso called a wrecking bar, pry bar or prybar, pinch-bar,
or occasionally a prise bar or prisebar,
colloquially gooseneck, or pig bar, or in Britain and
Australia a jemmy or jimmy (also called jemmy
bar),[1] is a lever consisting of a metal bar with a single
curved end and flattened points, used to force two
objects apart or gain mechanical advantage in lifting;
often the curved end has a notch for removing nails.
TOOLS
29. DIGGING BARS

is a long, straight metal bar used for various purposes,

including as a post hole digger, to break up or loosen
hard or compacted materials such as soil, rock,
concrete

30. SPIRIT LEVEL

s a tool designed to make sure that
vertical and horizontal surfaces are flat
TOOLS
31. PLUM BOB

or plummet, is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on

the bottom, suspended from a string and used as a
vertical direction as a reference line, or plumb-line

32. CHALK LINE MARKER

s a tool for marking long, straight lines on
relatively flat surfaces, much farther than is
practical by hand or with a straightedge. They may
be used to lay out straight lines between two
points, or vertical lines by using the weight of the
line reel as a plumb line
TOOLS
33. PVC PIPE CUTTER

the ideal cutting tools for plastic pipe commonly used

for condensate drain line, plumbing lines, irrigation and
electrical conduit

34. PPR HEATER / FUSION MACHINE

s a tool that uses to join two or more pieces of

plastic pipes. It is a reliable and efficient
method of creating a strong, leak-proof joint
that can withstand high pressures and
temperatures
TOOLS
35. RUBBER MALLET
generally employed when a more gentle blow is
required, like when working with fragile materials or
making metals, wood and most importanly tiling works.

36. TROWEL

hand tool utilized for smoothing, digging,

applying, or moving mortar or concrete
TOOLS
37. PUTTY KNIFE / PAINT SCRAPER
paint Scrapers have a stiff blade that are not suitable.
for the application of compounds, and are more.
suitable for heavy duty scraping, where a Putty Knife
is. a lot more flexible and thin, making it a lot easier to.

38. FINISHING TROWEL

used to smooth out materials like mortar,
plaster, and concrete. It has a very straight,
angled blade designed to fit precisely into right
angles and smooth out the surface of the
mixture in straight lines.
TOOLS
39. LEVEL HOSE

Is a device used to find the accurate elevation

comparison between several items like stakes or spots.

40. CAULKING GUN

devices that help people use caulk, a type of sealant,

effectively. Caulk is a substance used to seal and
adhere, such as closing a gap or crack between a
window frame and jamb, or a sink and a vanity. Most
any space can be sealed using caulk and a caulk gun
TOOLS
41. HEAVY DUTY CHISEL
tools are made of tough, durable metal and have flat,
wide blade that is used to cut through brick, concrete,
or even stone.

42. MEASURING TAPE

Is a flexible tool used for measuring length. It is made

up of materials like fiberglass, cloth, plastic, metal
ribbon or strip. So, it is a kind of flexible ruler also
known as a tape measure. It is marked in centimeters
and inches.
 FOOTBRIDGE
SKYWAY

FLYOVER or OVER PASS UNDERPASS

 A pedestrian bridge, also known as a footbridge, provides a
safe mode of passage for cyclists and walkers, and often
enriches the area. A successful design must be a safe mode of
transit for pedestrians that doesn't interfere with other traffic
on roads or waterways.

FOOTBRIDGE

is a type of bridge that is built over an existing road

or intersection. It allows traffic to pass over or under
existing roadways or other obstacles, such as
waterways or railways, without having to stop or
cross at the same level.

is a high-level road bridge that crosses over another

railroad or highway intersection or an existing road. It is
also called an "overpass." .

FLYOVER / OVERPASS
is an elevated type of pedway connecting two or more
buildings in an urban area, or connecting elevated points
within mountainous recreational zones

is a type of bridge that is built over an existing

road or intersection. It allows traffic to pass over
or under existing roadways or other obstacles,
such as waterways or railways, without having to
stop or cross at the same level.

about a system of elevated highways or roads that allow

for faster and more efficient travel.

SKYWAY / SKY BRIDGE

 a passage running underneath, especially a passage for
pedestrians or vehicles, or both, crossing under a railroad,
road, etc.

UNDERPASS

Is a road junction that uses grade separations to allow for the

movement of traffic between two or more roadways
or highways, using a system of interconnecting roadways to
permit traffic on at least one of the routes to pass through
the junction without interruption from crossing traffic
streams. It differs from a standard intersection, where roads
cross at grade

INTERCHANGE
 underground railway system used to transport large numbers
of passengers within urban and suburban areas. Subways are
usually built under city streets for ease of construction, but
they may take shortcuts and sometimes must pass under
rivers.

SUBWAY
SKYWALK a walk on a tightrope at great height
 ROAD DITCH
a long, narrow open hole that is dug into
the ground, usually at the side of
a road or field,
used especially for supplying or removing wate
GULLY r or for dividing land

are designed to discharge surface water from all

roads where large volumes of surface water can
build-up

RIPRAP METAL RAILINGS

escribes a range of rocky material placed along shorelines, bridge
foundations, steep slopes, and other shoreline structures to protect from
scour and erosion
 PIPE CULVERT
is utilized for valley of stream after rain
and irrigation canal. The dimension of pipe
culvert is at least 0.91m diameter.

BOX CULVERT
Is a kind of concrete structure commonly used to channel water, primarily as
part of a drainage system. There are many types of box culverts with
different applications. Box culverts are a type of precast concrete structure
commonly used to channel water, often as part of a drainage system.

BAILEY BRIDGE GUARD RAIL

to be used extensively in civil engineering construction projects and to used along the length of many roads in the Philippines,
provide temporary crossings for pedestrian and vehicle traffic especially on the larger more accident-prone highways
WHAT IS BAILEY BRIDGE

Bailey bridge is a modular prefabricated steel bridge, which is connected by steel Bailey panels through bolts and other
fasteners. Its simple structure makes it especially suitable for scenarios requiring rapid bridge construction. Bailey Bridge,
also known as a prefabricated road steel bridge, was invented by British engineer Donald Coleman Bailey in 1938. It uses
high-strength steel as a material and is manufactured into a lightweight standardized bridge unit construction, including
beams, longitudinal beams, bridge decks, bridge seats, and connectors. The site can be quickly assembled into a Bailey
bridge of various spans and loads with only dedicated installation equipment. The Bailey bridge was originally used in
the military bridge field, and it has been widely promoted in the civilian field since the 1960s. Common models include
the compact 100 Bailey bridge and the compact 200 Bailey bridge.
EQUIPMENT SALES 2023
TOP 10 MOST INTERNATIONALLY KNOWN TOOLS

1. BOSCH -GERMANY
2. MAKITA -JAPAN
3. HILTI -EUROPE
4. STANLEY BLACK AND DECKER -USA
5. HIKOKI -JAPAN
6. KYNKO -CHINA
7. GREAT STAR INDUSTRIAL -CHINA
8. TECHTONIC INDUSTRIES -HONGKONG
9. POSITEC -CHINA
10. DONGCHENG -CHINA
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