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2022-2023学年 牛津上海版英语七年级下册期末复习重点语法整理
2022-2023学年 牛津上海版英语七年级下册期末复习重点语法整理
U1
1.have been to, have been in 与 have gone to
have been to 是指被谈论对象曾经去过某个地方,但现在已经回来了;
have been in 是指被谈论对象已经在某地待了一段时间,目前仍待在那里,还没有回来;
have gone to 是指被谈论对象去了某地,现在还没有回来。
E.g: I have been to Beijing. 我去过北京。(说明:我现在已不在北京了。)
I have been in Dalian for 5 years. 我已经在大连待了五年了。(说明:我现在还在大
连。)
-Where is he? 他在哪儿?
-He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。(说明:他的北京之行还未结束,人还没回来。)
2. in, on, to
3. 连词 if 引导的条件状语从句要遵循主将从现原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句使用一般现
在时表将来。
E.g: I won’t go there with you if he goes, too, tomorrow. 如果明天他去的话,我就不和你一起
去那儿了。
Firemen will have no water to put out fires if there is no rain. 如果天不下雨,消防队员将会没
有水灭火。
此外,主句也可以使用祈使句或含有情态动词(can,may,must 等)的句子。
E.g: Have a good rest if you are tired. 如果累了,你就好好休息一下吧。
You must see the doctor if you are ill. 如果你生病了,就必须去看医生。
大多数情况下,从句可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。不过从句在前时,主、从
句之间必须用逗号隔开。
Please tell me if he comes back. 如果他回来了,请告诉我一声。
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=If he comes back, please tell me.
4. “in 十一段时间”的结构有两种含义:
① 表示“在一段时间之内”,句子常用一般现在时或一般过去时。如:
There was once an artist. He could draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
从前有一个画家。他可以在五分钟之内画出一匹骏马。
② 表示“在一段时间之后”,句子常用一般将来时。如:
What will you be like in 10 years' time? 10 年后你将会是什么样子?
U2
1.pay/spend/take/cost 辨析
主 用法 例句
语
人 spen Sb. spend time/money on My son spent two hours on his
d sth. homework.
某人在……上花费时间/金 Lisa spends 100 $ on her new dress.
钱
Sb. spend time/money (in) Father spends 20 yuan repairing my
doing sth. walkman.
某人花费时间金钱做/某事 Lisa spends 100$ (in) buying a new
dress.
pay pay (sb.) money for sth. 付 I have to pay them 20 pounds for this
钱(给某人)买.... room each month.
pay for sb. 替某人付钱 Don t worry! I'll pay for you.
pay for sth. 付……的钱 I have to pay for the book lost.
物 take It/sth. takes sb. time to do It took them three years to build this
sth. 做某事花了某人多少 road.
时间(接双宾语)
cost sth. costs (sb.) money 某 物 A new computer costs a lot of money.
花了(某人)多少钱。
It cost (sb).+金钱(to do sth.) It will cost ( government ) a lot of
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做某事花了(某人)多少 money to rebuild this department.
钱
4. 问路的常用语:
How can I get there from my home?从我家怎么去那里呢?
Where is the post office?邮局在哪儿?
How can I get to the post office?到邮局怎么走?
Could/Can you tell me the way to the post office?你可以告诉我去邮局的路吗?
U3
1.since 与 for
(1) since 用来指时间点,意指“从那时起到所指的时刻”。它常常和现在完成时连用。
He has been here since Monday. 从星期一开始,他一直在这里。(从星期一到现在)
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since 也可以是时间连词,后接一个表示时间点的时间状语从句。
He has worked for us ever since he left school. 他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。
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quite a few 是“相当多,不少”,与 many 意思相近,用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。
Quite a few people came to the lecture. 有相当多的人来听演讲。
He has quite a few friends. 他有不少朋友。
4.反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一,它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句构成。反意疑问句的
基本构成形式是:陈述句+逗号+助动词/be 动词/情态动词(肯定或否定形式)+主语。
She often has lunch at school, doesn't she?她经常在学校吃午饭,不是吗?
You don't like sports, do you?你不喜欢体育运动,是吗?
2)help 用法
help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth.
help oneself to sth
with the help of
3) keep 用法
keep + adj.
keep doing sth.
keep ….from
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keep in touch (with)
keep off
keep sb busy
7.对职业的提问:(your father)
What does your father do?
What job does you father do?
What’s your father?
What’s your father’s job?
回答:My father is a/an ……
职业及职能:
Job What does he/she do?
a cook cook food
a teacher teach students
a headmaster be in charge of a school
a doctor save the sick people
a nurse take care of the sick people
a police officer save people in danger
a bus driver drive a bus
a farmer grow crops
an engineer design machines
a firefighter put out the fire and save people
a coach/train train sb in sports
a waiter/waitress bring food to the guests
a secretary type letters and answer the phone
a postman deliver/send letters
a architect draw plans of buildings
8.key
注意介词用法
the key to the door
the answer to the question
the solution to the problem
the ticket for the film/show/performance
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9.辨析:
used to do
be used to doing
be used for doing
be(get) used to
U4
1.anything 表示“某事;某物”,修饰 anything 的形容词应置于其后。anything 多用于否定
句、疑问句;也可表示“任何事;任何东西”,主要用于肯定句(有时也可用于其他句
型)。
2.关于 right 短语
all right 表示:好;没有问题
that’s all right. 没关系;别客气
I’m all right. 表示 “I’m fine/well”. 指“本人身体好”
that’s right. 表示 “那是对的”
3. Need 用法
need 实义动词 need sth 否定 don’t need sth.
(want)
Need to do sth.否定 don’t need to do sth,
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need 情态动词 need do sth. 否定 needn’t do sth.
(can)
5. 关于尺寸的提问:
We don’t have the dress in your size.
What size do you want?
Do you have jeans in my size?
What’s your size?
6.一般现在时
功能:
1)表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如:The sky is blue. Tom is 16 years old now.
2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如:I get up at six every day. He goes to shopping
once a week.
3)表示客观现实或普遍真理.
如:The earth goes around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
构成:
1)be 动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如: I am a boy.
2)行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English.
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.
其余情况用动词原形。
1)be 动词的变化:否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:----Are you a student?
----Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:-----Where is my book? -----It is on the table.
行为动词的变化:
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如:I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 doesn't 构成否定句。 如:He doesn't often play.
一 般 疑 问 句 : Do( Does ) + 主 语 + 动 词 原 形 + 其 它 。 如 : ---- Do you often play football?
---- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does 构成一般疑问句。 如: ---- Does she go to work by
bike?
---- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
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特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:How does your father go to work?
一般现在时动词+s 的变化规则
1)一般情况下,直接加-s, 如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2)以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es, 如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-
goes
3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es, 如:study-studies
一般现在时常用的时间状语:
usually(通常),often(经常), always(总是), every Sunday(Monday......)(每个周日、周
一......), sometimes(有时)等。
U5
1.give 常用短语归纳:
1)give a hand 帮助某人
2)give away 送掉, 分发, 放弃, 泄露, 出卖, 让步, 陷下
3)give back 归还, 恢复, 后退, 反射(声.光等)
4)give in 投降, 屈服, 让步, 交上, 宣布
5)give off 发出(蒸汽.光等),长出(枝.杈等
6)give one's word 保证, 答允
7)give sb a hand 给予帮助
8)give up= stop doing sth 放弃(念头.希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输
2. although 引导的让步状语从句:
要点:表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although 引导。
难点:1)though, although 当“虽然”讲,都不能和 but 连用,但是他们都可以同 yet (still)
连用表示强调.
Although he is rich but he is not happy.(错)
Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.(对)虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.(对)
Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.(对)
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2)although, though 辨析:although 不能像 though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时
要用 even though.但 although 比 though 更为正式。放在句首两者意思相似
Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 尽管我一个字也不懂,我还是一直
微笑着。
He is quite experienced, he is young, though. 尽管他很年轻,他很有经验。
Although /Though the sun was shinning, I took an umbrella in case.
U6
1.nothing, none, 与 no one
Nothing: 只能指物,表示“没有什么(东西)”。它们不可与 of 短语连用,作主语时,
谓语动词只能用单数形式。
e. g. Nothing is impossible. 没有什么(事情)是不可能的。
None: 既可指人又可指物,意为“没有任何人或物;一个人也没有”,其后可与 of 短语连
用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。它通常用来强调数量之少,因而常
用来回答 how many 或 how much 引导的问句。
e. g. None of these pens works/work. 这些钢笔一支都不能用。
-How many books are there in the bag?这个书包里有多少书?
-None. 一本也没有。
No one= nobody 意为“没有人”,常用于指人而不能用于指物,因而常用来回答 who 的提
问。它不能与 of 连用。
e. g. -Who is in the room?谁在房间里? -No one/Nobody. 没有人。
4.take:
(1)拿;取:I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室去。
(2)吃;喝;服用;添加:Take this medicine three times a day. 这种药每天吃三次。
(3)乘车(船)等:They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。
(4)花费(时间、金钱)等(常常和 it 连用,it 在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不
定式):
How long will it take you to do your homework every day?你每天做作业要花费多长时间?
(5)“做……事情”,常和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作。
如:take a walk(散步),take a rest(休息一下),take a look(看一看)等。
5.There be(有)句型常见于一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时中。
There is a train every hour. 每小时都有一班火车。(一般现在时 there is/are)
There was a good film on TV last night. 昨晚电视里放了一部很不错的电影。(一般过去时
there was/were)
This road is very dangerous. There have been many accidents.
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这是一条很危险的道路,已经发生了很多事故。(现在完成时 there have/has been)
I’ m going away tomorrow. I'll do my packing today because there won't be time tomorrow.
我明天要出差,今天我要打好包,因为明天没有时间。(一般将来时 there will be)
U7
1.everyone 与 every one
everyone 相当于 everybody,是代词,意为“每个人;人人;大家”,不具体指哪一个人。
它作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数形式。
e. g. Everyone is here except Tom. 除汤姆外,大家都到了。
everyone 只能指人,不能指物;every one 既可指人,也可指物。
e. g. Every one/Everyone in our class likes playing football.我们班人人都喜欢踢足球。
There is something wrong with every one of the bikes.这些自行车每辆都有毛病。
every one 可以和 of 连用构成短语,而 everyone 则不能。
e. g. Every one of us is getting ready for the exam. 我们每个人都在为考试做准备。
5.一般将来时主要表示将要发生的动作或事件。常见的将来时的表示方法有:
(1)主语十 shall/will-L 动词原形。
句中有时 will 可缩写为,11 形式,否定式 will not 可缩写为 won't。
例如:I shall get there early.我会早点过去。
They will have a meeting tomorrow.明天他们将开会。
(2) be+going to 结构
be going to 句型除了用来表示预定要发生的事外,也较多用于表示打算、计划、安排等,
be 动词随主语作相应的变换,句型中的 to 后加动词原形。
例如:It's going to rain.天快要下雨了。
He is going to go home now.他现在打算回家了。
有时可以用一般现在时表示根据规定、时间表、预计要发生的动作或事件。
例如:Tomorrow is Saturday.
The bus leaves at 7:00.
难点突破
一般将来时的句子构成是:主语十 shall/will+动词原形。其中 will 可以用于所有人称,但
shall 一般只用于第一人称 I,we。例如:Shall we go to the zoo this Saturday? Will you join us?
U8
1.find, find out 与 look for
(1) find 意为“发现;找到”,指通过搜索找到、发现藏匿或遗失的人或物,强调找到的结
果。
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I can't find my pen. 我找不到我的钢笔了。
(2) find out 意为“查明;弄清楚”,指经过探听、询问、调查之后,才发现某物。
Please find out the answer to the question. 请找出这个问题的答案。
Please find out whose key it is. 请查明这是谁的钥匙。
(3) look for 意为“寻找”,强调找的过程或动作。
-What are you looking for? 你在找什么?
-I'm looking for my watch. 我在找我的手表。
2.系动词有 look(看上去),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),feel(感觉起
来),become(变得),turn(变得),get(变得)等。
3.反身代词的用法
1) 表示“我(们)自己,你(们)自己,她、它、他(们)自己”的代词叫反身代词。
见下表:
数 单数 复数
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人 称 代I you He/she/it we you they
词
反 身 代 myself yourself Himself/ ourselves yourselves themselve
词 herself s
itself
另外,one 的反身代词为 oneself
2) 反身代词主要用来表示动作回到执行者本身或加强所修饰名词、代词的语气。有人称和数
的变化。在句中常用作宾语、表语、同位语。
1)作宾语:
He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。
2)作表语:
That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
I’ll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。
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3)作主语或宾语的同位语(作主语同位语时,放在主语后或句末):
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。
4)反身代词还可以与某些介词连用,组成固定搭配:
① by oneself:自己,一个人干
They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。
This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一部自动化的机器。
② for oneself:替自己,为自己
She made no complaint for herself. 她没有替自己抱怨。
He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。
③ among themselves:……之间
They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。
5)反身代词和某些动词连用,构成固定短语。
例如,enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, teach oneself
U9
1.rise 与 raise
(1) rise 是“上升;上涨;起床;站立”的意思。该词含义较广,总的意思是指依次上
升,如自然界的日、月、星、
雾、云的上升以及人体从睡、跪、坐、躺等姿势站立起来等。该词为不及物动
词。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 日出于东而落于西。
The chairman rose from his chair. 主席从椅子上站了起来。
(2) raise 用作及物动词,其基本含义是“使升起来;举起”,它的过去分词和过去式
都是 raised。
Heavy rains raised the river. 暴雨使河水水位升高。
His speech raised my interest. 他的发言激起了我的兴趣。
5..比较级:
1)原级比较:
A、as + 形容词或副词原级 + as,在否定句或疑问句中可用 not as/so… as.
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
B、当 as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式
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a. as +形容词+ a +单数名词+ as
b. as + many/much +名词+as
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can……
C、用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在 as 的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
D、倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ the+ n + of (size, length, heigh/high, width)
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
2)比较级形容词或副词 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
A.比较级只用于两者之间,通常与 than 连用。形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚,它也可
独立存在:
This coat is longer.
B.表示程度可用 much, far, a little , still, even 等状语来修饰, 表示“….得多”
She is much better today.
You know even less about it than me.
It is far colder today than yesterday.
C.“the + 比较级+主语谓语,the + 比较级+主语谓语”表示“越。。。越。。。”
The harder you work, the more you will learn.
D.“比较级 and 比较级” 表示“越来越….”
The weather is getting colder and colder.
注意:(重点)
1)要避免重复使用比较级。
(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对)He is more clever than his brother.
(对)He is clever than his brother.
2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错)China is larger than any country in Asia.
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(对)China is larger than any other country in Asia.
3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
3、最高级:最高级用于 3 者或 3 者以上。形容词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词 the,并常
伴有一个表示范围的介词短语,常用 in/of 短语表示范围,或从句:
That girl is the tallest student in our class.
Which is the hottest city of the three?
1)形容词最高级:the + 最高级 + 比较范围
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
A.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前一般不用。
B.形容词 most 前面没有 the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.
注意: 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
U10
1.情态动词
1) must 的用法
1)表义务,“必须”
例如:You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。
2)在否定结构中表不许、禁止
例如:You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。
3)表坚定的建议
例如:You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai. 一到上海你就得马上来
见我们。
4)表推测,暗含有很大的可能性
例如:He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
5)关于 must 的简短回答:
例如:Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫餐厅吗?
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---Yes, you must.
---No, you needn't.
---No, you don't have to.
2) have to 的用法:have to 虽属于情态动词,但它有人称、数的变化,它的疑问句否定
句的构成也和其他情态动词有所不同。
1)have to 表客观的需要和义务,must 表主观认识
例如:I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我没搭上火车,所以我只得打
的。
2)在疑问句和否定句中,have to 多用助动词 do 构成,must 则直接提前或加 not。
例如:Did he have to do it? 他得做那件事吗?
――He didn't have to do it. 他不需要做那件事。
3)在否定句中,have to 表示不需要,must 表不允许。
例如:You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那儿。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那儿。
4)虽然 must 可以用在过去时态中,但是 have to 更能直接了当的表达过去时间概
念。
例如:She must see Hubert that very night. 她必须在那个晚上见到休伯特。
I had to leave at six yesterday. 我得在昨天 6 点离开。
2、时间状语从句 when
1)主句和从句都用一般现在时,表示事实或真理。
When water freezes, it turns into ice.
2)主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。有时主句中也可以使用情态动词。
I will give you a present when we meet.
When you are in London again, you must come and see us.
3)主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时。主句和从句的动作可以是同时发生的,也可以
是有先后的;when 引导的从句中,所发生的动作可以是短暂性的也可以是持续性的。
What were you doing when your teacher came into the classroom?
4) 从句用过去进行时,主句用一般过去时,表示一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生
了。
When Kate was flying a kite , she found a wallet lying on the ground . 凯 特 正 在 放 风 筝
时,她发现地上有个钱包。
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3、被动语态
1) 语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语
态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.
谓语:speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受
者,即行为动作的对象。例如:Chinese is spoken by many people.主语 English 是动词 speak
的承受者。
2) 被动语态的构成:以 speak 为例
一般过去时:was/were+spoken
一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken
现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken
过去进行时:were/was being+spoken
现在完成时:have/has been+spoken
过去完成时:had been + spoken
3)被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.
This bridge was founded in 1981.
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
4)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及
原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him. --------He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.-------The bikes are made by them in the factory.
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