Proposal Kak Enol

EXPLORING THE LANGUAGE DIVERSITY OF THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE
OF TRANSPORTATION IN KOTA MATARAM
A PROPOSAL
JUNAIDI
2083080
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITAS NAHDLATUL WATHAN (UNW) MATARAM
2023
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER……………..……………..……………..…………….. -
…………….................... 2
TABLE OF 2
CONTENTS………………………………………………………………... 3
PROPOSAL SUPERVISORS’ 3
APPROVAL…………………………………………... 5
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 6
1.1. Background of the Research..……………………….. 6
………………………......... 7
1.2. Research 8
Questions………………………………………………………............... 1
1.3. Objectives of the Research..…………………….…………………. 1
……………… 1
1.4. Significances of the 1
research………………………………………………………. 1
1.5. Scopes of the Research…………………………………. 2
………………………….. 1
1.6. Definition of the Key Terms 6
…………………………………………………........ 1
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 Previous Studies on Linguistic Landscape of 2
Transportation……………………... 9
2.2 Language Diversities 2
……………………………………………………………… 9
2.3 The Conceptual Framework of Linguistic Landscape 2
……………………………. 9
2.4 The Variety of Linguistic Landscape 2
……………………………………………... 9
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3
3.1. Research Design ………………... 1
…………………………………………............ 3
i
3.2. Object of the Research………... 2
…………………………………………………… 3
3.3. Instruments of the 4
Research………………………………………………………..
3.4. Method of Data
Collection………………………………………………………….
3.5. Method of Data
Analysis……………………………………………………………
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………
…..
PROPOSAL SUPERVISORS’ APPROVAL
This Proposal entitled: Exploring the Language Diversity of the Linguistic Landscape of
Transportation in Kota Mataram
Has been approved by the board of supervisors.
Supervisors Signature
1. M. RAJABUL GUFRON, S.Pd., MA. _____________________
NIDN. 0816019302
ii
2. MARHAM JURPI HADI, S.Pd., M.Ed. _____________________
NIDN. 0820038401
Mataram, 25 July 2023
English Language Education Program
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram
Head,
Muh Junaidi, S.Pd., M.Pd.
NIDN. 0813078401
THESIS SUPERVISORS’ APPROVAL
This Proposal entitled: Exploring the Language Diversity of the Linguistic Landscape of
Transportation in Kota Mataram
Has been approved by the board of supervisors.
Supervisors Signature
1. M. RAJABUL GUFRON, S.Pd., MA. _____________________
NIDN. 0816019302
iii
2. MARHAM JURPI HADI, S.Pd., M.Ed. _____________________
NIDN. 0820038401
Mataram, 25 July 2023
English Language Education Program
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram
Head,
Muh Junaidi, S.Pd., M.Pd.
NIDN. 0813078401
iv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research
Interacting with other people is one of the activity that we can not be
separated to us, and it can be done by language. The "Background of the
Research" section of a research paper or thesis is crucial as it lays the
foundation for understanding the research problem and its significance.
Begin the background section with a broad introduction to the field of
study. This part should provide an overview that helps orient any reader who
might not be familiar with the area. For instance, if your research pertains to
climate change, you might start by discussing the global concern about
increasing temperatures and its impacts on natural and human systems. This
sets the stage for a more focused discussion on your specific topic.
After the general introduction, narrow the focus to more specific issues
within the broader context. Continuing with the climate change example, you
could discuss specific phenomena such as rising sea levels or extreme weather
events. This section should start to hint at the niche that your research aims to
address, providing a segue into the next part where you will detail the
problem.
The heart of the background section addresses the specific problem
that your study aims to solve or shed light on. Here, it’s important to articulate
clearly what is missing in the current understanding or what has been
inadequately addressed by previous research. For example, perhaps there is
insufficient research on the economic impacts of sea level rise on coastal
1
communities. Detailing the problem involves discussing existing studies,
highlighting their findings, and pointing out their limitations or gaps.
Following the problem description, justify the necessity of your study.
Explain why filling the identified gaps or addressing the limitations of
previous research is important. This could involve the potential implications of
your research for policy, practice, or further scientific investigation. For
instance, understanding the economic impacts of sea level rise could help in
formulating better coastal management policies.
Conclude the background by clearly stating the objectives or research
questions your study aims to tackle. This part should logically flow from the
gaps identified earlier in the background section. Objectives should be
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). This
not only clarifies the direction of your research but also sets the stage for
discussing the methodology and potential impact.
Each of these steps should be seamlessly connected, creating a
narrative that leads logically from a broad topic to specific research questions,
thereby illustrating the natural progression of thought and research in the field.
This detailed background not only positions your study within the existing
literature but also highlights its uniqueness and necessity.
1.2 Research Questions
The objective of the research is to address the following questions;
1.2.1 What are the types of directive speech acts found in surah al-a’raf ?
1.2.2 What is direct or indirect of directive speech acts found in surah al-
a’raf
1.2.3 What are the reasons of directive speech acts found in surah al-a’raf
2
1.3 Objectives of the Research
The objectives of this research are to address the research questions
above;
1.3.1 To identify the forms and grammatical units used in the linguistic
landscape of transportation in Kota Mataram.
1.3.2 To discover the symbolic functions of the quote and the dominant-
minority of the language diversity of the linguistic landscape of
transportation in Kota Mataram.
1.3.3 To find out the people’s attitude toward the linguistic landscape of
transportation in Kota Mataram.
1.4 Significances of the Research
In academic or scientific research, the "Significance of the Research"
section is a critical part of any study or proposal. This section demonstrates the
relevance and potential impact of the research, emphasizing why the study is
worth conducting.
1.4.1 Theoretical Significance
The theoretical significance of a research study illuminates its
impact on the conceptual or foundational frameworks within a
particular academic discipline. This section explicates how the study
contributes to, challenges, or refines existing theories and models.
1.4.2 Pratical Significances
The practical significance of a research study pertains to its
implications for real-world applications, emphasizing how the findings
can directly benefit or impact society, industry, policy, or everyday
practices. This section should clearly articulate how the research
3
addresses practical problems and proposes solutions that are
implementable and beneficial outside of an academic context.
1.5 Scope of the Research
The "Scope of the Research" section of a study, proposal, or report
outlines the boundaries and focus of the investigation. It describes what the
research will cover and, importantly, what it will not. This section defines the
extent of the study, helping to manage expectations and clarify the limitations
of the research.
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms
1.6.1 Linguistic Landscape
The linguistic landscape according to (Shohamy et al., 2010)
refers to the visual representation of languages in public spaces,
including street signs, advertisements, public notices, shop names, and
other written texts.
1.6.2 Language Diversity
Language diversity refers to the existence and coexistence of
multiple languages within a specific geographical area or community
(Matthews, 2007).
1.6.3 Transportation
In the context of this research, transportation refers to the
movement of people and goods from one place to another using
various modes of transportation, such as buses, trains, taxis,
4
motorcycles, and other public and private vehicles (Pei & Gaynor,
1954).
1.6.4 Kota Mataram
Kota Mataram is a specific location or city being studied in the
research. It may refer to a city, municipality, or urban area with its
unique linguistic and cultural characteristics.
1.6.5 Multilingualism
Multilingualism refers to the ability of individuals or a
community to use and understand multiple languages for
communication (Matthews, 2007).
1.6.6 Language Policy
Language policy refers to the set of guidelines, rules, and
regulations adopted by authorities or institutions concerning language
use, language education, and language planning within a particular
region or community (Matthews, 2007).
1.6.7 Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between
language and society (Matthews, 2007).
1.6.8 Code-switching
Code-switching is the practice of switching between two or
more languages or dialects within a conversation or speech (Matthews,
2007).
5
1.6.9 Language Attitudes
Language attitudes refer to individuals' feelings, beliefs, and
perceptions about different languages and language varieties
(Matthews, 2007). Positive or negative language attitudes can
influence language choices and interactions.
1.6.10 Language Identity
Language identity is the way individuals or communities
perceive and express their connection to a particular language or
language community (Matthews, 2007).
1.6.11 Language Proficiency
Language proficiency denotes a person's level of competence
and fluency in a specific language (Matthews, 2007).
1.6.12 Language Services
Language services encompass the provision of translation,
interpretation, and other language-related support to facilitate
communication between speakers of different languages, especially in
public services and settings (Matthews, 2007).
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Previous Studies on Directive Speech Acts in The Al-Qur’an
6
The "Previous Research" section of a study or a research proposal is
critical for situating the current investigation within the broader academic and
scientific context. It reviews and synthesizes the existing literature relevant to
the research question, identifies gaps in the current knowledge base, and
establishes how the proposed research will build upon or deviate from prior
studies. This section not only showcases the researcher's comprehensive
understanding of the topic but also justifies the necessity of the new study.
2.2 Literature Review 1
A Literature Review is a comprehensive survey of scholarly sources on
a specific topic. It provides a critical and in-depth evaluation of previous
research, and it is a synopsis of current knowledge, allowing the researcher to
identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. Writing
an effective literature review involves several key steps, which not only help
in understanding the past and current dialogue in the field but also establish
the foundation for the forthcoming research.
2.2.1 Literature Review 1A
A Literature Review is a comprehensive survey of scholarly
sources on a specific topic. It provides a critical and in-depth
evaluation of previous research, and it is a synopsis of current
knowledge, allowing the researcher to identify relevant theories,
methods, and gaps in the existing research. Writing an effective
literature review involves several key steps, which not only help in
understanding the past and current dialogue in the field but also
establish the foundation for the forthcoming research.
7
2.3.2 Literature Review 2B
2.3.2.1 Literature Review 2B1
knowledge, allowing the researcher to identify relevant
theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. Writing an
effective literature review involves several key steps, which not
8
only help in understanding the past and current dialogue in the
field but also establish the foundation for the forthcoming
research.
research.
research.
9
research.
research.
A Literature Review is a comprehensive survey of scholarly sources on
a specific topic. It provides a critical and in-depth evaluation of previous
research, and it is a synopsis of current knowledge, allowing the researcher to
identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. Writing
an effective literature review involves several key steps, which not only help
10
in understanding the past and current dialogue in the field but also establish
the foundation for the forthcoming research.
2.4.1.1 Literature Review 3A1
research.
11
research.
research.
12
research.
research.
2.4.2 Literature Review 3B
Here are some of the key grammatical units in the linguistic
landscape based on the description of (Garvin, 2019):
13
research.
research.
14
research.
2.5 Al-Qur’an Surah Al-A’raf
Surah al-a’raf, the 9th surah in the alquran, consists of 110 verses
which contain the important aspects in Islamic religion, those are; in verses 1-
10 contains about the al-quran as guidance and mercy for those who believe,
and also contain warning for them who don’t believe about the quran, verses
11-18 contain the life story of prophet adam a.s, 26-40 contain that human as
the perfect creation and also warning for them not to follow satan, verses 41-
177 contains story life of prophet nuh a.s, the society of tsamud, the life story
moses a.s. pharoh and his society and the the life story of people in the past
who disobedience to his messengers, and in verses178-206 contain warning
about the last day and how we prepare to face it ., the name of surah al a’raf is
taken from one of the ayah from surah ala-raf itself, that is:
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Research Design
The Research Design section of a research paper or proposal outlines
the blueprint for collecting, measuring, and analyzing data. It serves as a
detailed plan that specifies the type of research to be conducted, the methods
used, and the rationale behind choosing these methods. This section is crucial
because it ensures the reliability and validity of the study's results, providing a
systematic approach to address the research questions or hypotheses.
3.2 Object of the Research
The "Object of the Research" section articulates the specific focus and
goals of the study. It defines the purpose and scope of the research, outlining
what the study aims to achieve, investigate, or contribute to the existing body
of knowledge. This section is essential for providing clarity and direction to
the research, ensuring that all aspects of the study are aligned with its
overarching objectives.
3.3 Research Instruments
Research instruments refer to the tools, techniques, or methods used to
collect data in a research study. Research instruments used to gather
information that is relevant to the research objectives and questions. A
researcher must select an appropriate research instruments to ensure the
validity and reliability of the data collected.
16
Here are some research instruments used in this research. Here are
some research instruments used in this research. Here are some research
instruments used in this research.
3.3.1 Observation Checklist
The observation checklist is a tool used during field
observations to systematically record and document the linguistic
landscape of transportation in Kota Mataram.
3.3.2 Camera or Smartphone
A camera or smartphone with a high-quality camera function
will be used to capture photographs of the linguistic landscape during
field observations.
3.3.3 Questionnaire
The questionnaire provides valuable data on the social and
cultural aspects of linguistic diversity within the transportation
landscape, complementing the visual and textual data collected through
other methods.
3.4 Method of Data Collection
The method of data collection outlines the procedures and techniques
used to gather information relevant to the research objectives. Selecting an
appropriate method is crucial in ensuring the validity, reliability, and ethical
integrity of the data collected.
3.5 Method of Data Analysis
The method of data analysis outlines the procedures and techniques
used to analyze the data collected in a research study. Selecting appropriate
17
data analysis methods is crucial for deriving meaningful insights and
conclusions from the data.
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CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Findings
Summarize the key findings of the study and reiterate their significance
in relation to the research objectives. Reflect on the implications of the
findings for future research directions, highlighting areas for further
investigation or refinement. Conclude with a closing statement that reinforces
the importance of the study's contributions to the field.
4.1.1 The Forms of Linguistic Landscape of Transportation in Kota Mataram
Chart 1 : The Forms of Linguistic Landscape
Mural Business
9% Name
6% Public No-
tice
Public Art 8%
46%
Adver-
tisement
9%
Graffiti
Transportation Signage 18%
3%
There were 152 data were collected and categorized based on
the forms of linguistic landscape as proposed by Malinowski (2015).
The data was gathered in Kota Mataram, specifically in Terminal
Mandalika (Bertais), Turide, Bengkel, Ds. Cermen, Gomong,
Rembiga, Cakranegara, Pejanggik, Cilinaya, Karangbaru, Monjok,
Punie, and Mayura.
19
4.1.2 The Grammatical Units of Linguistic Landscape of Transportation in
Kota Mataram
Chart 2 : The Grammatical Units of Linguistic Landscape

Abbrevia-
tions Icons and
Punctuation
and Emoticons
Marks
Acronyms5% 2% Words
8% 18%
Numerals
4%
Sentences
37% Phrases
26%
Based on the data presented, the linguistic landscape has a
collective of 107 grammatical units. Different types of written
communication are made up of these parts. The different types of
written communication show the complex language used in a certain
group or place. The dataset consists of a varied assortment of
grammatical elements, each fulfilling a distinct function in the
communication of information, messages, and identity.
4.1.3 The Symbolic Functions of Linguistic Landscape of Transportation in
Kota Mataram
Chart 3 : The Symbolic Functions of Linguistic

Landscape
Encourage Culture
Create a Heritage
Sense of Inspire Evoke Identity
SymbolizePlace
Share 5% 3%
Values 4%
5%
Engage and4% Inspire
3%
Create a Sense of
Inclusivity
8%
Add Aesthetic and

Convey Social Mes- Artistic Value
sage 56%
11%
20
The linguistic landscape of transportation in Kota Mataram is
characterized by a rich diversity of symbolic functions. Aesthetic and
artistic value dominates the landscape, accounting for approximately
42.74% of the total expressions. This category is centered around 53
items, which are devoted to visual appeal and creativity, enhancing the
overall aesthetics and artistic value of the area.
4.1.4 The Dominant-Minority Language Diversity of Linguistic Landscape
of Transportation in Kota Mataram
Chart 4: The Dominant-Minority Language Diversity of Linguis-

tic Landscape
Multilingual
10%
Bilingual
25%
Mono-
lingual
65%
The data provided describes the linguistic diversity in the
linguistic landscape of transportation in Kota Mataram, and categorizes
the population into three main language proficiency groups:
monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual. The numbers in each
category represent the percentage or number of transportation vehicles
in the population who fall into these language groups.
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4.2 Discussions
Conclude the discussion by summarizing the key points and
overarching implications of the research findings. Emphasize the significance
of the study's contributions to the field and reiterate its relevance for future
research and practice. Conclude the discussion by summarizing the key points
and overarching implications of the research findings. Emphasize the
significance of the study's contributions to the field and reiterate its relevance
for future research and practice.
4.2.1 The Forms of Linguistic Landscape of Transportation in Kota Mataram
4.2.1.1 Public Notices
The linguistic landscape of transportation in Kota
Mataram includes various forms of text and language, with
"Public Notice" being one of the prominent categories.
4.2.1.2 Murals
In the linguistic landscape of Kota Mataram, the
category "Mural" represents a significant mode of visual
expression.
4.2.1.3 Business Names
The category "Business Names" is an essential element
of Kota Mataram's linguistic landscape, reflecting the
commercial activities and economic vitality of the city as
displayed on the vehicles.
4.2.1.4 Advertisements
Advertisements have an important part in affecting the
linguistic landscape of Kota Mataram's transportation, hence
22
enhancing the city's liveliness and commercial nature. The data
analysis, conducted within the framework of Malinowski's
(2015) theory on The Forms of Linguistic Landscape, reveals
that ads fulfill a diverse range of roles, including both
economic and cultural functions within the urban setting.
4.2.2 The Grammatical Units of Linguistic Landscape of Transportation in
Kota Mataram
4.2.2.1 Words
The data consists of various words, which are
fundamental grammatical units used to convey meaning. These
words are essential in the linguistic landscape of transportation,
serving as the building blocks of language.
4.2.2.2 Phrases
In the linguistic landscape of transportation, phrases are
used to express whole ideas and information. The provided data
contains various phrases that are crucial for expressing specific
information and creating a distinct identity for transportation-
related entities
4.2.2.3 Numerals
Numerals are an integral part of the linguistic landscape
in transportation, and the provided data includes several
instances of these symbolic representations of numbers.
Numerals serve various functions, particularly in indicating
measurements, quantities, or time, which are crucial aspects of
the transportation industry.
23
4.2.2.4 Sentences
Sentences are critical to transportation, as shown by the
data. Transportation signs, public announcements, ads, and
other communication products prominently show these terms,
which are entire grammatical units with subjects and
predicates.
4.2.2.5 Abbreviations and Acronyms
Abbreviations and acronyms are prominent features in
the linguistic landscape of transportation, serving a variety of
purposes as evident in the provided data. These shortened
forms of words and phrases are strategically utilized to enhance
efficiency, save space, and facilitate clear communication
within the transportation context.
4.2.3 The Symbolic Functions of Linguistic Landscape of Transportation in
Kota Mataram
4.2.3.1 To Evoke Identity
The data provided reveals some interesting insights
within the linguistic landscape of transportation in Kota
Mataram. 'To Evoke Identity' can be inferred from various
expressions that contribute to establishing a sense of identity
within the transportation landscape.
4.2.3.2 To Add Aesthetic and Artistic Value
'To Add Aesthetic and Artistic Value' within the
linguistic landscape of transportation in Kota Mataram
encompasses a significant number of expressions, reflecting the
24
commitment to enhancing the visual appeal and creativity
within this domain. This symbolic function can be deduced
from the numerous expressions that focus on artistic and
aesthetic elements in the transportation environment.
4.2.3.3 To Convey Social Message
The symbolic function of conveying social messages
within the linguistic landscape of transportation in Kota
Mataram reflects a significant effort to communicate and
impart important social messages through various expressions
and signs. These messages are designed to engage with the
community and create awareness about specific issues or
encourage certain behaviors.
4.2.4 The Dominant-Minority Language Diversity of Linguistic Landscape
of Transportation in Kota Mataram
The data reveals the linguistic diversity in Kota Mataram,
specifically in the transportation sector, and categorizes the population
into three main language groups: monolingual, bilingual, and
multilingual. The majority language is Indonesian, used by 49
monolingual individuals in the transportational vehicles, making it the
most widely used language in transportation-related activities. English
is the second most common language among monolinguals, with 11
cases, making it a minority language. Other languages like Javanese
(Jawa) also contribute to the linguistic diversity.
25
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OBSERVATION CHECKLIST
Forms of Ling. Language Diversities

No Data Code Location Grammatical Units Symbolic Functions Notes
Landscape (Mono; Bili; Multi)
1 001/08/ST Bertais Public Notice; Word; Phrase; Convey social Bili (Indo-English)
Transportation Sentence; Numerals; message
Signage (Warning); Icons;
10
29
QUESTIONNAIRE
Demographic Information
 Age :
 Gender : [ ] Male [ ] Female
 Education Level : [ ] Primary [ ] Secondary [ ] High [ ] Bachelor's [ ] Postgraduate Degree [ ] Other – Specify: __________
 Ethnicity :
 Years in Kota Mataram :
Language Usage in Transportation

1. Which languages are you comfortable communicating in?
a. [ ] Indonesian
b. [ ] Local Languages (Specify: ___________________________)
c. [ ] Foreign Languages (Specify: ___________________________)
2. In what language(s) do you typically communicate with transportation staff (e.g., drivers, ticket sellers)?
a. [ ] Indonesian
3. Do you notice differences in language use (e.g., signage, announcements) when using different modes of transportation in Kota
Mataram? Please describe.
_________________________________________
Language Attitudes
4. On a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being very negative and 5 being very positive, please rate your attitudes toward the use of the local language
in transportation in Kota Mataram.
a. [ ] 1
b. [ ] 2
c. [ ] 3
d. [ ] 4
e. [ ] 5
30
5. What factors influence your attitudes toward the use of different languages in transportation settings? Please select all that apply:
a. [ ] Familiarity with the language
b. [ ] Perceived cultural significance
c. [ ] Clarity and understandable
d. [ ] Personal identity and pride
e. [ ] Social pressure
f. Other (please specify): ______
6. Do you think it is important for transportation to include multiple languages (multilingual) in Kota Mataram? Why or why not?
_________________________________________
Language Preferences
7. In which language(s) would you prefer to see transportation landscape in Kota Mataram? Please rank your preferences from 1 (most
preferred) to 3 (least preferred).
a. [ ] Indonesian
Cultural Significance
8. Do you believe that the use of the local language in transportation signage and communication contributes to the preservation of local
culture and heritage? Why or why not?
_________________________________________
Language and Identity
9. How strongly do you identify with the local language(s) spoken in Kota Mataram?
a. [ ] Very strongly
b. [ ] Moderately
c. [ ] Not very strongly
d. [ ] Not at all
Additional Comments
10. Is there anything else you would like to share or comment on regarding language use in transportation settings in Kota Mataram?
_________________________________________
31
LANGUAGE ATTITUDE
No Questions Responses Notes
I Demographic Information
Age
Gender
Education Level
Ethnicity
Years in Kota Mataram
II Language Usage in Transportation
Daily Language
Language Usage in Transportation
Notices in Any Different
Languages
III Language Attitudes
Attitude towards Local Languages
Facators Influencing Attitude
32
towards the Use of Different
Languages
The Importance of Multilingual
Usage in Transportation
IV Language Preferences
Language Preferences to Use in
Transportation
V Cultural Significance
The Preservation of Local Culture
and Heritage on the Use of Local
Languages in Transportation
VI Language and Identity
Local Language Identity
VII Additional Comments
Comments on Linguistic
Landscape of Transportation in
33
Kota Mataram
34

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EXPLORING THE LANGUAGE DIVERSITY OF THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE

OF TRANSPORTATION IN KOTA MATARAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITAS NAHDLATUL WATHAN (UNW) MATARAM

PROPOSAL SUPERVISORS’ APPROVAL

Transportation in Kota Mataram

Has been approved by the board of supervisors.

1. M. RAJABUL GUFRON, S.Pd., MA. _____________________

Mataram, 25 July 2023

English Language Education Program

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

University of Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram

Muh Junaidi, S.Pd., M.Pd.

THESIS SUPERVISORS’ APPROVAL

Transportation in Kota Mataram

Has been approved by the board of supervisors.

1. M. RAJABUL GUFRON, S.Pd., MA. _____________________

Mataram, 25 July 2023

English Language Education Program

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

University of Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram

Muh Junaidi, S.Pd., M.Pd.

1.1 Background of the Research

separated to us, and it can be done by language. The "Background of the

Research" section of a research paper or thesis is crucial as it lays the

foundation for understanding the research problem and its significance.

Begin the background section with a broad introduction to the field of

The heart of the background section addresses the specific problem

clearly what is missing in the current understanding or what has been

inadequately addressed by previous research. For example, perhaps there is

insufficient research on the economic impacts of sea level rise on coastal

highlighting their findings, and pointing out their limitations or gaps.

Following the problem description, justify the necessity of your study.

Explain why filling the identified gaps or addressing the limitations of

previous research is important. This could involve the potential implications of

your research for policy, practice, or further scientific investigation. For

formulating better coastal management policies.

Conclude the background by clearly stating the objectives or research

gaps identified earlier in the background section. Objectives should be

specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). This

discussing the methodology and potential impact.

Each of these steps should be seamlessly connected, creating a

literature but also highlights its uniqueness and necessity.

1.2 Research Questions

The objective of the research is to address the following questions;

The objectives of this research are to address the research questions

landscape of transportation in Kota Mataram.

minority of the language diversity of the linguistic landscape of

transportation in Kota Mataram.

transportation in Kota Mataram.

1.4 Significances of the Research

In academic or scientific research, the "Significance of the Research"

1.4.1 Theoretical Significance

The theoretical significance of a research study illuminates its

impact on the conceptual or foundational frameworks within a

particular academic discipline. This section explicates how the study

contributes to, challenges, or refines existing theories and models.

1.4.2 Pratical Significances

The practical significance of a research study pertains to its

implications for real-world applications, emphasizing how the findings

can directly benefit or impact society, industry, policy, or everyday

practices. This section should clearly articulate how the research