Ec kosoôm hf Fhotlroce Qohc

Qohc fs sfr ec dlkpcóëc eëhfr

e ëhfr fm sctosacdfr ecs
e cs
mfdfsohchfs hf ecs pfrslmcs dlm rfdursls duyl dlmtfmohl gelroaoquf
gelroa oquf ce
Tfólr Nfsudrostl y prlkufvc promdopols bëbeodls.

JCT
JCTXC SV
SVF
F RVNC FE EFÔM

Yubeodchl plr Fhotlroce Qohc — 2922

Mcsjvoeef,
Mcsjvoee f, Xfmmfssff
Xfmmfssff

© 2922 Kogufe Mþófz

Fstf tëtuel tckboïm fstã hosplmobef fm alrkctl fefdtrômodl.
Xlhls els hfrfdjls rfsfrvchls.

Yrljobohc su rfprlhuddoôm l hostrobudoôm.

Xlhls els hfrfdjls rfsfrvchls.
rfsfr vchls. Momgumc
Momgumc plrdoôm hf fstf
fst f eobrl plhrã sfr
rfprlhudohc, cekcdfmchc fm momgþm sostfkc hf rfdupfrcdoôm, l trcmskotohc
fm ducequofr alrkc l plr ducequofr kfhol ‘
kfdãmodls, altldlpocs, grcbcdoôm u ltrl‘, fxdfptl plr dotcs brfvfs fm
rfvostcs okprfscs, som ec cutlrozcdoôm prfvoc plr fsdrotl hf ec fhotlroce.
C kfmls quf sf omhoquf el dlmtrcrol, tlhcs ecs dotcs bëbeodcs jcm sohl
tlkchcs hf Ec Tcmtc Bobeoc, Mufvc Bobeoc hf ecs Ckïrodcs © 2996 plr Xjf
Eld`kcm Alumhctolm. Vschc dlm pfrkosl, www.MufvcBobeoc.dlk.
Ecs dotcs bëbeodcs kcrdchcs «MXQ ° slm hf ec Tcmtc Bobeoc, Mufvc
Xrchuddoôm Qovofmtf, © Xymhcef Jlusf Alumhctolm, 2939. Vschc dlm
pfrkosl
pfrko sl hf Xymhcef
Xymhcef Jlusf Yubeosjfr
Yube osjfrs,
s, Omd., 463 Fxfdutovf
Fxfdut ovf Hr.,
Hr., Dcrle
Ttrfck, OE 193::, Fstchls Vmohls hf Ckïrodc. Xlhls els hfrfdjls
rfsfrvchls.
Ecs dotcs bëbeodcs kcrdchcs «EBEC ° slm hf Ec Bobeoc hf ecs Ckïrodcs® ,
© 3?:1, 3??6, 3??7 plr Xjf Eld`kcm Alumhctolm. Vschc dlm pfrkosl.
Ecs dotcs bëbeodcs
bë beodcs kcrdchcs
kcr dchcs «MQO
«MQO ° slm hf ec Tcmtc Bobeoc, Mufvc Qfrsoôm
Qfrsoôm
Omtfrmcdolmce® MQO® .
Dlpyrogjt © 3???, 2936 plr Bobeodc, Omd.® Vschc
Vschc dlm pfrko
pfrkosl
sl hf Bobeodc,
Omd.® Rfsfrvchls
Rfsfrvchls tlhls els hfrfdjls fm tlhl fe kumhl.

Els fmecdfs hf ec Omtfrmft (sotols

(soto ls wfb, belg, ftd.) y mþkfrls hf tfeïalml fm
fstf eobrl sf larfdfm slel dlkl um rfdursl.
r fdursl. Hf momgumc
momgumc kcmfrc rfprfsfmtcm
mo okpeodcm
okpeo dcm cprlbcdoôm l cplyl hf pcrtf hf Fhotlroce Qohc, mo rfsplmhf ec
fhotlroce plr fe dlmtfmohl hf fstls sotols
so tols wfb mo mþkfrls hurcmtf ec vohc hf
fstf eobrl.
Fhodoôm y hosfól omtfrolr> Omtfr
Omtfrprft
prft tjf
t jf Tporo
Tporott

OTBM> ?7:-9-:2?77-3:3-7

fBll`> ?7:-9-:2?77-376-1
fBll`> ?7:-9-:2?77-376-1
Fhodoôm Fpub Kcrzl 2922 ?7:9:2?773761
Mþkfrl hf Dlmtrle hf ec Bobe
Bobeoltfd
oltfdcc hfe Dlmgrfsl>
Dlmgrfsl > 2922?48918
DCXFGLRËC> Rfeogoôm / Qohc Drostocmc / Gufrrc fsporotuce
OKYRFTL
OKY RFTL FM FTXCHLT
FTXCHLT VMOHLT
VMOHLT HF CKÏRODC
CK ÏRODC
YROMXFH OM XJF VMOXFH TXCXFT LA CKFRODC
22 24 28 26 21 ETD ? : 7 1 6 8 4 2 3
DLMXFMOHL
Dubror
Ycgomc hfe totuel
Hfrfdjls hf cutlr

Yrfacdol
3. Ec bctceec plr y fm els eugcrfs dfefstocefs
2. Fe omodol hfe dlmaeodtl fm ec tofrrc
4. Xrfs arfmtfs hf bctceec> ec dcrmf, fe kumhl
k umhl y Tctcmãs

8. Ec bctceec plr ec vfrhch

6. Ec bctceec plr ec kfmtf
1. Ec bctceec hf Tctcmãs plr fe dlmtrle hf ec jukcmohch
7. Ec bctceec plr fe Drostl
:. Ec bctceec plr mufstrcs fkldolmfs y hfsfls
?. Ec bctceec plr fe tfrrfml pfrhohl
39. Ec bctceec fs hfe Tfólr y ec crkchurc tckboïm (Yrokfrc
(Yrok frc pcrtf)
33. Ec bctceec fs hfe Tfólr y ec crkchurc tckboïm (Tfgumhc pcrtf)
32. Ec bctceec plr fe eohfrczgl bcnl ec korc
kor c
34. Ec bctceec gelbce> ec
e c Grcm Dlkosoôm
Dlmdeusoôm

YRFACDOL
D ofrtckfmtf, fe crkc kãs plhfrlsc hf Tctcmãs fm su gufrrc dlmtrc ec
Ogefsoc fs fe frrlr
frr lr rfeogolsl. Ml jcy crkc kãs faodcz. Ce hoaumhor hldtromcs
acescs, Tctcmãs dlmaumhf c ec gfmtf y, y, plr el tcmtl, sf lbstcdueozc ec vfrhch
hfe fvcmgfeol y fe prlgrfsl hf ec Ogefsoc. Fm Fafsols 1>33 fe cpôstle Ycbel
mls chvofrtf quf fstfkls cefrtc, yc quf tfmfkls quf eohocr dlm um
chvfrscrol cstutl, kudjl kãs plhfrlsl quf mlsltrls, y quf fkpefc
trckpcs y trudls pcrc ctrcpcr y hfrrltcr
hfrr ltcr c ec Ogefsoc. Drfl quf umc hf ecs
trckpcs kãs fafdtovcs
fafdt ovcs quf usc fe hocbel pcrc fstf prlpôsotl fs
prfdosckfmt
prfdos ckfmtff hoaumhor
hoaumho r fe frrlr
fr rlr rfeogo
rf eogolsl.
lsl. Fe hoc
hocbel
bel jc uschl jfrfnë
jf rfnëcs
cs dlmtr
dlmtrcc
ec Ogefsoc hf Drostl hfshf su mcdokofmtl, y sofkprf
sofk prf dlm rfsuetchls
mfacstls. Hf jfdjl, auf uscmhl fstf kïtlhl quf puhl sfhudor y fmgcócr c
ec prokfrc pcrfnc, omtrlhudofmhl fe pfdchl fm fe kumhl
k umhl (Gm 4>8-60 2 Dl
33> 40 3 Xo 2>38).
Fm su vosoôm hf ec osec hf Yctkls, fe cpôstle Nucm vol decrckfmtf
decr ckfmtf quf fstf
kïtlhl tofmf fafdtls hfvcstchlrfs. Dcso mchc kãs dlmsoguf hfstruor ec af y
ec purfzc hf ec Ogefsoc tcmtl
tcmt l dlkl fe frrlr rfeogolsl
rfeo golsl ―cutfmtodchl‛ plr
hfklstrcdolmfs slbrfmcturcefs. Fstc fs umc rfdftc sukckfmtf fxotlsc
fxot lsc pcrc
ctrcfr y fmgcócr c els jlkbrfs, jfdjc plr fe ―sfhudtlr hf tlhl fe kumhl‛
(Cp 32>?). C ec vostc hf els jlkbrfs, y quf els eefvô, dlmvfmdohls plr tce
hfspeofguf hf plhfr slbrfmcturce, c jcdfr y chlrcr umc okcgfm (Cp 34>33-
360 da. Ht 34>3-4), lbrfrls hf sfócefs, y quf slm pcrtf hf ecs efgolmfs
kcevchcs quf scefm c dlkbctor
dlk bctor c Drostl y Tu Ogefsoc (Cp 31>34-38). Fe
cpôstle rfdlmldoô fe plhfr hfe hocbel pcrc prlhudor sfócefs y prlhogols
kfmtorlsls, pcrc cplycr fe frrlr rfeogolsl
rfeogo lsl (vïcsf tckboïm 2 Xs
Xs 2>?-39). Fe
hosfól hfe kceogml fs cefncr c ec Ogefsoc hf ec vfrhch hf Hols. Ylr el tcmtl,
hfbfkls fstcr cefrtcs.
Kudjc gfmtf jc sohl vëdtokc hf ecs trckpcs
t rckpcs hfe frrlr rfeogolsl.
rfe ogolsl. Ml slel hf
ecs sfdtcs quf fxostfm, soml hfe frrlr rfeogolsl
r feogolsl quf surgf hfmtrl hf ec
koskc ogefsoc. Fs omtfrfscmtf quf fe klvokofmtl klhfrml hf ―bctceec
fsporotuce‛ jcyc fmactozchl ec lpfrcdoôm hf els hfklmols fm caeogor
cae ogor fe
dufrpl y fe cekc hf ecs pfrslmcs, kofmtrcs quf pldl l mchc sf jc hodjl
slbrf ec fstrctfgoc sctãmodc hf hfstruor kfmtfs c trcvïs hf acescs hldtromcs.
Tf jcbec kudjl
eobfrcrsf hfscs
―eobfrcdoôm‛,
hf ecs acescs
ace pfrl cpcrfmtfkfmtf
hldtromcs fstuhocmhl fstl ml
y cprfmhofmhl omdeuyf
dlrrfdtckfmtf
ecs hldtromcs bëbeodcs, rfdjczcmhl ecs jfrfnëcs.
Cumquf fe klvokofmtl klhfrml
Cumquf k lhfrml hf ―bctceec fsporotuce‛ jc hfspfrtchl fm
dofrtc kfhohc c ec ogefsoc ce dcrãdtfr hfklmëcdl hfe dlmaeodtl fm fe quf sf
fmdufmtrc, tofmf fstc hfboeohch omjfrfmtf, quf fs ohfmtoaodcr fe kce quf
cdtþc promdopcekfmtf dlm fmafrkfhchfs, hfprfsoôm, prlbefkcs aomcmdofrls
y ltrcs fmafrkfhchfs ldcsolmcefs, levohcmhl quf ec cddoôm kãs hcóomc hfe
hocbel fs nustckfmtf ec
e c prlpcgcdoôm hf ec kfmtorc, y quf dlmtrc fstc

cdtovohch sctãmodc
fstf l cqufe hocbel.ml jcy umc sleudoôm aãdoe dlkl ―ctcr‛ l ―rfprfmhfr‛ c
Ec þmodc hfafmsc dlmtrc fstc trckpc hfe hocbel fs uscr ec e c vfrhch hf Hols,
dlkl fe domturôm quf els efgolmcrols uscbcm cerfhfhlr hf sus domturcs, pcrc
prltfgfrr sus vofmtrf
prltfgf vo fmtrfss y eefvcr
eef vcr sus crkcs
cr kcs (Fa 1>38). Fe domtur
d omturôm
ôm hf ec vfrhch
vfr hch
fs ec prokfrc
prok frc pofzc quf Ycbel mlkbrc fm ec e c crkchurc hf Hols. ¡Ec vfrhch!
Dlkofmzc fxcdtckfmtf dlm ec vfrhch, plrquf slel ducmhl ec Ogefsoc
prlafs
prlafscc y drff
drostocmls ec
e c vfrhch
pufhfm ―ctcr‛ fs dcpcz
d cpcz
tcmtls hf rfsosto
rfs ostor
hfklmols r fe frrlr
dlkl frquofrcm,
rlr rf
rfeogo
eogolsl.
ylsl. Els lbrfr
lbrfrls
hftfrkomcr y ls
hfdecrcr ec dcëhc hf tcmtcs alrtcefzcs
alrt cefzcs dlkl jcyc, pfrl so ml fstãm
rfvfstohls hf ec vfrhch, hf ec hldtromc bëbeodc dlrrfdtc, fstcs hfdecrcdolmfs
slm omþtoefs.
Ylr el tcmtl, fs pcrtf hfe fquopcnf hf ec Ogefsoc,
Ogefso c, fm su eudjc dlmtrc ecs
jufstfs hf ec lsdurohch, dlmldfr ecs cstutcs trckpcs hfe hocbel
ho cbel c kfhohc
quf cvcmzc pcrc fspcrdor fe frrlr, yc sfc quf sf prlpcguf c trcvïs hf sfdtcs
dlmldohcs l hfmtrl hf ec ogefsoc koskc.

Tom fkbcrgl, el quf prfvcefdf jly fm kudjcs ogefsocs fvcmgïeodcs fs ec

acetc hf hfaomodoôm hldtromce, prfdosoôm
prfdos oôm y prlaumhohch tfleôgodc. _ tlhl fm
mlkbrf hf ec tlefrcmdoc drostocmc
drost ocmc pochlsc, pfrl omgfmuc. M Mll omtfmtl
gfmfrceozcr.. Tï quf jcy fxdfpdolmfs plr ecs quf hckls grcdocs c Hols. Tom
gfmfrceozcr
fkbcrgl, drfl quf tlhls fstãm hf cdufrhl fm quf quf fstf fs fe ―fspëro
―fspërotu
tu hf ec
ïpldc‛, umc tfmhfmdoc gfmfrce c fvotcr umc hldtromc
hldtro mc y umc tflelgëc
decrckfmtf hfaomohcs, dlkl so aufrcm
a ufrcm fmfkogls hf ec vohc fsporotuce, hfe
dfel, hfe afrvlr, hfe cvovckofmtl.
cvovcko fmtl. Tlm pldls els quf sf hcm dufmtc hf ec
okplrtcmdoc hf umc fvceucdoôm prfdosc hf ecs plsodolmfs hldtromcefs.
Yrfvcefdf um ―fvcmgfeodceoskl‛ vcdël f omhfaomohl.
Fs fm fstf dlmtfxtl quf ecs ogefsocs jostôrodcs
jost ôrodcs hf tlhl fe kumhl jcm sohl
hfscaochcs fm ecs þetokcs
þetok cs hïdchcs c rfsplmhfr ce ïmacsos hf um klvokofmtl
hfmtrl hf sus aoecs quf jc eefgchl c sfr dlmldohl dlkl fe ―klvokofmtl
―klvok ofmtl hf
‚bctceec fsporotuce‟‛. Fe mlkbrf koskl sugofrf el quf fs> fs um
klvokofmtl duyl ïmacsos promdopce fstã fm ec eudjc hf ec Ogefsoc hf Drostl
dlmtrc Tctcmãs y sus hfklmols, um dlmaeodtl hf mcturcefzc fsporotuce, fm
tïrkomls hf kïtlhls, crkcs, fstrctfgocs y lbnftovls.
To bofm hfbfkls hcr ec bofmvfmohc c tlhls y dchc uml hf els klvokofmtls
hf ec Ogefsoc quf mls cyuhfm c prfpcrcrmls kfnlr pcrc fmarfmtcr els
ctcqufs hf ecs jufstfs kceogmcs dlmtrc ec Ogefsoc, fstf dlmtrlvfrtohl
klvokofmtl jc susdotchl sfrocs
sfro cs prfldupcdolmfs pcrc els pcstlrfs, fruhotls
y eëhfrfs fvcmgïeodls hf tlhl
t lhl fe kumhl. Ml slel hf ogefsocs fvcmgïeodcs
jostôrodcs trchodolmcefs, soml omdeusl hf ogefsocs pfmtfdlstcefs deãsodcs.
Jcy vcrocs rczlmfs pcrc fstc prfldupcdoôm. Ec kcylr fs quf fe
klvokofmtl, hlmhf jc gcmchl ec chjfsoôm hf pcstlrfs y dlkumohchfs, jc
prlhudohl
prlhudo hl um topl hf drost
d rostocmos
ocmoskl
kl fm fe quf
qu f ec cdtovohc
cdt ovohchh sctãmodc
sctãmo dc sf jc
dlmvfrtohl fm fe dfmtrl f omdeusl ec rczôm hf sfr hf ec fxostfmdoc
fxos tfmdoc hf fstls
komostfrols
komostfro ls f ogefsocs. Fm fstls dcsls, cumquf gfmfrcekfmtf ecs hldtromcs
aumhckfmtcefs hf ec af drostocmc
drost ocmc ml jcm sohl mfgchcs (jcy fxdfpdolm
fxdfpdolmfs),
fs),
slm, plr rfgec gfmfrce, rfefgchcs c um sfgumhl pecml, hfscpcrfdofmhl hf ec
fmsfócmzc y ec eoturgoc. Fe rfsuetchl fs um drostocmoskl
drost ocmoskl hostlrso
hostlrsolmchl
lmchl y
hfalrkchl, hlmhf hldtromcs
hldtromcs dlkl ec scevcdoôm
sce vcdoôm slel plr ec af, kfhocmtf fe
scdroaodol rfhfmtlr, þmodl y fxpoctlrol hf Drostl sf hfsduohcm0 dlkl
tckboïm ec hldtromc hf ec e c pfrslmc hf Drostl, su kfhocdoôm y laodols, y
hldtromcs dlkl ec dcëhc, ec hfprcvcdoôm hfe jlkbrf, ec scmtoaodcdoôm
scmtoao dcdoôm
prlgrfsovc
prlgrfs ovc plr els
e ls kfhols
kfho ls hf ec grcdoc.
gr cdoc. Ml fs quf fstcs
fst cs oge
ogefsocs
fsocs y
hfafmslrfs hfe klvokofmtl mfdfscrockfmtf
mfdfscrockfmt f mofgufm fstls pumtls0 pfrl
dofrtckfmtf ml efs hcm fe ïmacsos
ïmacso s mfdfscrol y hfbohl, quf rfdobfm fm ecs
Fsdroturcs koskcs.
Ylr fstf kltovl
klto vl fstc lbrc hfe Hr.
Hr. Kogufe Mþófz fs tcm okplrtcmtf y
rfefvcmtf pcrc ec Ogefsoc hf Drostl fm Ckïrodc Ectomc, hlmhf fstf
klvokofmtl jc gcmchl kcylr fxprfsoôm y kcylr mþkfrl hf sfguohlrfs.
f e Efôm cmceozc bëbeodckfmtf fe dlmdfptl hf ec bctceec
Jcstc quf runc fe
fsporotuce y hfkufstrc
hfkufstr c quf ec vfrhchfrc bctceec fs plr ec vfrhch. Tom mfgcr
ec
rfceohch hf ec cddoôm hfklmëcdc jly, fe Hr. Mþófz hfkufstrc quf ec eudjc
fs plr ec kfmtf hf ecs pfrslmcs, ml plr ec sceuh, ec prlspfrohch aomcmdofrc y
ec sfgurohch kctfroce.
kctfroce . Kf sofmtl kuy jlmrchl hf prfsfmtcr fstf eobrl y
fstly sfgurl hf quf sfrã omstrukfmtl
omst rukfmtl hf Hols pcrc quf pfrkcmfzdckls

aorkfs fm ec bctceec plr ec vfrhch.

Rfv.. Cugustus Modlhfkus Elpfs, Yj. H.
Rfv
Yrokfrc Ogefsoc Yrfsbotfrocmc
Yrfsbot frocmc hf Rfdoaf, Brcsoe
3

EC BCXCEEC YLR _ FM ELT

EVGCRFT DFEFTXOCEFT
―¡Dôkl jcs dcëhl hfe dofel, lj eudfrl hf ec kcócmc, jonl hf eecc curlrc! Jcs
sohl hfrrobchl plr tofrrc, tþ quf hfboeotcbcs c ecs
e cs mcdolmfs. Yfrl tþ honostf
fm tu dlrczôm>
«Tuborï ce dofel, plr fmdokc hf ecs fstrfeecs
fstrfe ecs hf Hols efvcmtcrï ko tr
trlml,
lml, y
kf sfmtcrï fm fe klmtf
k lmtf hf ec csckbefc, fm fe fxtrfkl mlrtf. Tuborï slbrf
ecs ceturcs hf ecs mubfs, kf jcrï ce Cetësokl°‛. (Os 38>32-38)
V m cspfdtl okplrtcmtf hf ec gufrrc fsporotuce
fspo rotuce fs rfdlmldfr quf
dofrtckfmtf jcy umc omaeufmdoc quf ecs aufrzcs fsporotucefs hf kcehch
fnfrdfm slbrf ec acz hf ec tofrrc,
to frrc, pfrl ml hfbfkls levohcr quf ec Ycecbrc hf
Hols caorkc quf mufstrc eudjc ml fs dlmtrc dcrmf mo scmgrf, soml dlmtrc
promdopchls,
promdo pchls, pltfstchfs
pltf stchfs y aufrzcs fsporotuc
fspor otucefs
efs hf kcehch
k cehch fm ecs
e cs rfgolmfs
rfgo lmfs
dfefstfs (Fa 1>32). Ylr rfvfecdoôm
r fvfecdoôm hovomc, mlsltrls scbfkls quf fm fscs
rfgolmfs dfefstfs sf jcm eobrchl okplrtcmtfs
ok plrtcmtfs bctceecs fm fe pcschl y ecs
jcbrã tckboïm fm fe auturl, cumquf hfsdlmldfkls dôkl fscs eudjcs sf
fstãm hfscrrleecmhl fm fe prfsfmtf plrquf tofmfm eugcr fm umc hokfmsoôm
quf fsdcpc c mufstrl fmtfmhokofmtl.
Cumquf ec kcylrëc hfe hfscrrleel
Cumquf hfscrrlee l hf fstf eobrl fstã rfecdolmchl
rfe cdolmchl c ec gufrrc
fsporotuce quf eobrckls cquë fm ec tofrrc, fs votce quf vfckls ec prokfrc
bctceec
bctce ec eefvchc
ee fvchc c dcbl fm ecs
e cs rfgolmfs
rfgo lmfs dfefsto
dfef stocefs
cefs fmt
fmtrf
rf Hols y ecs
ec s aufrzcs
aufrz cs
hf ecs tomofbecs, quf omodocekfmtf
omodoce kfmtf alrkcbcm pcrtf hfe fnïr fnïrdotl
dotl hf Hols. Fsc
grcm eudjc omodoce fm els dofels
dofe ls auf fxpcmhohc jcdoc ec tofrrc pcrc
omvleudrcr ml slel c ec prokfrc pcrfnc drfchc plr Hols, soml tckboïm c
tlhls
sus hfsdfmhofmtfs. Ml lbstcmtf, Hols
Hols el pfrkotoô
pfrko toô pcrc fvfmtucekfmtf
fvfmtucek fmtf trcfr
um kcylr bofm c sus jonls, cumquf cjlrc ml plhckls fmtfmhfrel.
Xlkcmhl el cmtfrolr fm dlmsohfrcdoôm y c aom hf fmtfmhfr kfnlr fe
dlmaeodtl quf fxostf fmtrf fe rfoml hf Hols y fe rfoml hf ecs tomofbecs,
rfvoscrfkls fm hftceef el e l quf ecs Fsdroturcs rfvfecm cdfrdc hf umc rfbfeoôm
quf tuvl eugcr cmtfs hf ec e c aumhcdoôm hfe kumhl, cmtfs hf quf Chãm y Fvc
pfdcrcm, y ecs
e cs okpeodc
ok peodcdolmfs
dolmfs quf fsc prokfrc
pro kfrc rfbfeo
r fbfeoôm
ôm jc tfmo
tfmohl
hl jcstc fe
fe
hëc hf jly.
jly. To Tctcmãs ml dcyô cmtfs hf ec aumhcdoôm hfe kumhl, su dcëhc
tuvl quf jcbfrsf hchl hfspuïs hf Hols hfdecrcr Tu drfcdoôm ―bufmPc[ fm
grcm kcmfrc‛ (Gm 3>43). Tcbfkls plr ec Ycecbrc quf els e ls ãmgfefs aufrlm
drfchls cmtfrolr c ec drfcdoôm hf ec tofrrc
t ofrrc (Nlb 4:>1-7). Els þetokls hls
pcscnfss mls hcm um pumtl
pcscnf pumt l hf rfafrfmdoc
rfafr fmdoc fm ducmtl
d ucmtl ce klkfmtl
klkf mtl hf ec dcëhc
d cëhc
hf Tctcmãs. Ec Bobeoc ml fspfdoaodc fe klkfmtl fxcdtl, y plr fsl, hfbfkls
sfr dcutfelsls ce caorkcr cegl dlkl fstl.

Fsc pcrtf hf ec jostlroc tofmf

t ofmf quf vfr dlm umc bctceec fm y plr els eugcrfs
dfefstocefs, pufs pcrc mchof fs um sfdrftl quf ec omtfmdoôm hftrãs hf ec
rfbfeoôm hf Tctcmãs frc hfspeczcr c Hols hf Tu trlml y usurpcr Tu eugcr
dlkl þmodl slbfrcml slbrf tlhl el drfchl.
FE LROGFM HF TCXCMÃT
To Hols fs fe Drfchlr hf tlhl el quf fxostf,
fxo stf, ¼okpeodc fsl quf Hols drfô c
Tctcmãs dlkl ïe fxostf
fxost f jly< Ec rfspufstc fs um rltumhl ml, pufs, cumquf
sofkprf jc fxostohl um hfbctf slbrf fe lrogfm
lro gfm hf Tctcmãs, tlhls els
cdchïkodls lrtlhlxlsquf
dlkl fe sfr kcevchl fstãm
jlyhffs,cdufrhl fm quf
soml dlkl Tctcmãs
um ãmgfe ml auf drfchl
plhfrlsl y so
somm
pfdchl eeckchl
ee ckchl Eudoafr
Eudo afr (―eudfr
( ―eudfrll hf ec kcócmc‛,
k cócmc‛, Os 38>32).
38 >32). Tom fkbcrgl
f kbcrgl,,
jubl um klkfmtl hf ec jostlroc fm quf hodjl eudfrl sf rfbfeô dlmtrc fe
Drfchlr y c pcrtor hf fmtlmdfs sf dlmvortoô fm fe promdopce y kcylr
k cylr
fmfkogl hf Hols.
Cjlrc bofm, hlmhf
hlmhf ecs lpomolmfs hf els tfôelgls hoaofrfm fs fm so fxost
fxostfm
fm l
ml pcscnfs hf ecs Fsdroturcs quf hfsdrobcm els sudfsls rfectovls
rfecto vls c ec
rfbfeoôm hf Tctcmãs. Tofkprf jcm fxostohl tfxtls fm ec Ycecbrc quf c el
ecrgl hf ec jostlroc jcm sohl omtfrprftchls
o mtfrprftchls hf hoafrfmtfs alrkcs, y cegumls
hf feels fstãm rfecdolmchls nustckfmtf
nustckfmt f dlm fe lrogfm hf Tctcmãs. Fm fe eobrl
hfe prlaftc Fzfquofe cpcrfdf um pfrslmcnf decrckfmtf ohfmtoaodchl
ohfmtoao dchl dlkl fe
prëmdopf
prëmdo Xorl , duyl lrgueel y dcëhc slm
pf hf Xorl s lm hfsdrotls fm Fzfquofe 2:>2-39.
Omkfhoctckfmtf hfspuïs, fm Fzfquofe 2:>33-3?, fe rfectl bëbeodl pcrfdf
jcbecr hf ltrl pfrslmcnf, ohfmtoaodchl dlkl fe rfy hf Xorl (ml fe prëmdopf)
quf els pchrfs hf ec ogefsoc prokotovc omtfrprftcrlm dlkl Tctcmãs fm su
rfbfeoôm omodoce. Hf oguce kcmfrc, fm fe pcscnf hf Oscëcs 38>38-3? sf jcbec
hf um pfrslmcnf quf kudjls jcm ohfmtoaodchl
ohfmtoao dchl dlkl umc ceusoôm c Tctcmãs
ce klkfmtl hf su dcëhc.
To fstuhockls ec jostlroc hf ec Ogefsoc prokotovc, vfrfkls quf sfgþm
Lrëgfmfs (3:6-268 h. D.), Xfrtueocml (366-229 h. D.) y Grfglrol fe Grcmhf
(689—198 h. D.),
D.), csë dlkl ltrls pchrfs hf ec ogefsoc,
oge fsoc, pfmscrlm quf els
pfrslmcnfs
pfrslmcn fs kfmdolmchls
kfmd olmchls fm
f m Fzfquofe f Oscëcs
Oscë cs jcdfm rfafrfmd
rf afrfmdoc
oc c ec ppfrslmc
frslmc
hf Tctcmãs. Ltrls jcm dlmdeuohl quf els pcscnfs dotchls jcbecm hf
pfrslmcnfs
pfrslmcn fs jukcmls
jukc mls quf aufrlm
aufr lm omaeufmdochls
omae ufmdochls plr Tctcmãs
Tctcm ãs c dlkplrtcr
dlkpl rtcrsf sf
hf umc kcmfrc crrlgcmtf y kcevchc,
k cevchc, y quf Hols hf umc alrkc prlaïtodc y
sokbôeodc fstcbc rfvfecmhl plr kfhol hf sus jostlrocs quf el koskl jcbëc
ldurrohl dlm Tctcmãs fm els eugcrfs dfefstocefs. Dlmtrcrol c ec
omtfrprftcdoôm cmtfrolr, kudjls hf els omtïrprftfs
o mtïrprftfs hf ec Rfalrkc y kudjls
hf els cdchïkodls dlmtfkplrãmfls fmtofmhfm quf els pfrslmcnfs bëbeodls
kfmdolmchls kãs crrobc sf rfaofrfm
rfao frfm fxdeusovckfmtf c aogurcs jukcmcs. 3
Mufstrc plsodoôm
plso doôm fs ec
e c hf els pchrfs
pc hrfs hf ec
e c ogefsoc
ogef soc proko
pr okotovc
tovc quf
q uf vfëcm fstls
fs tls
pcscnfss dlkl ec
pcscnf e c mcrrcdoôm
mcrrc doôm hf ec
e c dcëhc hf Tctcmãs.
Tct cmãs. Fe pcscnf
pcsc nf hf Cpldceopsos
Cpldceo psos
32>? kfmdolmcjc
fstc mcrrcdoôm quf Tctcmãs
sohl fmgcóôplr
omtfrprftchc c umkudjls
tfrdol hf ecs fstrfeecs
dlkl ceuso vc chfe
ceusovc um dofel,
dofe l, y
crrcstrf
hf um tfrdol hf els ãmgfefs hfe dofel quf sf umofrlm c Tctcmãs fm su
rfbfeoôm.
2
Qfckls els tfxtls
t fxtls hf els prlaftcs Fzfquofe f Oscëcs>
―Qoml c kë hf mufvl ec pcecbrc hfe TFÓLR > «Jonl hf jlkbrf, fefvc umc
fefgëc slbrf fe rfy hf Xorl y hoef> ―Csë hodf fe Tfólr HOLT > ‚Xþ frcs fe
sfeel
sfee l hf ec pfrafddoôm , eefml hf scbohurëc y pfrafdtl fm jfrklsurc. Fm fe
Fhïm fstcbcs, fm fe jufrtl hf Hols0 tlhc pofhrc prfdolsc frc tu vfstohurc>
fe rubë, fe tlpcdol y fe hockcmtf,
hock cmtf, fe bfroel, fe ômodf y fe ncspf, fe zcaorl,
zcao rl, ec
turqufsc y ec fskfrcehc0 y fe lrl, ec jfdjurc hf tus fmgcstfs y hf tus
fmdcnfs, fstcbc fm to. Fe hëc quf auostf dr fchl aufrlm prfpcrchls. Xþ,
auo stf drfchl
qufrubëm prltfdtlr hf cecs hfspefgchcs, _l _l tf pusf ceeë. Fstcbcs fm fe scmtl
klmtf hf Hols,
tus dckomls cmhcbcs
hfshf fe hëcfm kfhol
quf auostfhfdrfchl
ecs pofhrcs
jcstchf
qufaufgl. Yfrafdtl
Yfrafdt
ec omoquohch lsffrcs fm
jceeô
fm to. C dcusc hf ec cbumhcmdoc
cbumhcmdoc hf tu dlkfrdol tf eefmcstf
e efmcstf hf volefmdoc, y
pfdcstf0
pfdcst f0 _l, pufs, tf jf fxpueschl
fx pueschl plr prlacml hfe klmtf hf Hols, y tf jf
feokomchl,
qufrubëm prltfdtlr, hf fm kfhol hf ecs pofhrcs hf aufgl. Tf fmcetfdoô tu
dlrczôm c dcusc hf tu jfrklsurc0 dlrrlkpostf
dlrrlkpost f tu scbohurëc c dcusc hf tu
fspefmhlr. Xf crrlnï fm tofrrc, tf pusf hfecmtf hf els rfyfs, pcrc quf vofrcm
fm to um fnfkpel. Ylr ec kuetotuh
kuetot uh hf tus omoquohch fs, plr ec omnust
o moquohchfs, o mnustodoc
odoc hf tu
dlkfrdol, prlacmcstf tus
t us scmtucrols. _ _l
_l jf scdchl aufgl hf fm kfhol hf
to, quf tf jc dlmsukohl0 y tf jf rfhudohl
rf hudohl c dfmozc
dfmo zc slbrf eec tofr rc c els lnls
c tofrrc
hf tlhls els quf tf korcm. Xlhls
Xlhls els quf fmtrf els pufbels tf dlmldfm fstãm
cslkbrchls hf to0 tf jcs dlmvfrtohl fm tfrrlr,
tfr rlr, y yc ml fxostorãs kãs‟‛. (Fz
2:>33-3?, ïmacsos cóchohl)
Dlkl yc sfóceckls, fe dcpëtuel 2: hfe eobrl hfe prlaftc Fzfquofe omodoc
omodo c
kfmdolmcmhl um pfrslmcnf hfmlkomchl ―fe prëmdopf hf Xorl‛ (Fz
( Fz 2:>3).
Eufgl, c pcrtor
pcrtor hfe vfrsëduel 33, fe pfrslmcnf dfmtrce pcrfdf dckbocr y
fmtlmdfs jcbec hfe ―rfy hf Xorl‛. Ec hfsdropdoôm quf fe tfxtl jcdf hf fstc
aogurc mlsrczlmfs
kþetopefs eefvc c pfmscr quf csfdlmtomucdoôm.
hftceechcs trctc hf umc aogurc ml tfrrfmce
tfr rfmce plr

Fm prokfr eugcr, fe tfxtl sf rfaofrf c fstf ―sfr‛ dlkl ―fe sfeel hf ec

pfrafddoôm,
pfrafd doôm, eefml
ee fml hf scbohurëc
scbo hurëc y pfrafdtl
pfr afdtl fm
f m jfrklsurc‛,
jfrkls urc‛, umc hfsdropdo
hfsd ropdoôm
ôm
quf rfsuetc um tcmtl fxtrcóc so vc horogohc
horo gohc c um sfr jukcml quf jc mcdohl
fm pfdchl, pfrl jcdf kudjl sfmtohl so tlkckls
tlk ckls fm dufmtc quf Eudoafr auf
drfchl dlkl Chãm, som pfdchl.
Fm sfgumhl eugcr, fe pcscnf dlmtomþc hodofmhl quf fstf pfrslmcnf fstcbc fm
fe Fhïm, fm fe jufrtl hf Hols, y mlsltrls scbfkls plr rfvfecdoôm hovomc
quf Tctcmãs fstuvl fm fe jufrtl hf Hols tfmtcmhl c Chãm y c Fvc plr
kfhol hf umc sfrpofmtf quf ef rfprfsfmtcbc. Hf kcmfrc quf, so umc drocturc
tfrrfmce dlkl ec sfrpofmtf pufhf rfprfsfmtcr umc aogurc dfefstoce dlkl
Tctcmãs, fe pfrslmcnf hfe rfy hf Xorl ogucekfmtf puhofrc sfr um sëkblel
sëk blel
kãs hf Tctcmãs cquë fm ec tofrrc.
tofrr c.
Fm tfrdfr eugcr, ec kfmdoôm hf pofhrcs prfdolscs dlkl pcrtf hf ec vfstohurc
hf fstf pfrslmcnf mls jcdf rfdlrhcr ecs pofhrcs prfdolscs quf Ccrôm
plrtcbc fm fe pfdtlrce
pfdt lrce dlkl
dlk l pcrtf hf su
s u vfstohurc
vfsto hurc scdfrhltce
scdf rhltce y mls eefvc
ee fvc c
pfmscr quf quozãs
q uozãs fs umc rfafrfmdoc
rfaf rfmdoc c ec aumdoôm
aumd oôm scdfrhltce
scdfr hltce qquf
uf Eudoafr
puhl jcbfr hfsfkpfóch
hfs fkpfóchll cmtfs hf sus u rfbfeoôm.
rfbfe oôm.
Fm ducrtl eugcr, fe tfxtl hfsdrobf c fstf pfrslmcnf dlkl um qufrubëm
prltfdtlr,
prltfd tlr, pfrafdtl
pfr afdtl fm
f m tlhls sus dckomls,
dcko mls, quf Hols koskl
ko skl dleldô
dle ldô fm su
scmtl klmtf. Ylr el quf, umc vfz kãs, rfsuetc hoaëdoe pfmscr quf fstc sfc ecec
hfsdropdoôm hf umc aogurc jukcmc, soml quf kãs bofm pcrfdf mcrrcr ec
dlmhodoôm hf Tctcmãs cmtfs hf su rfbfeoôm.
rfbfeo ôm.
Fm quomtl eugcr, fe pcscnf rfectc dôkl fsf qufrubëm sf fmcetfdoô y sf
dlrrlkpoô c dcusc hf su jfrklsurc, sofmhl fmtlmdfs fxpueschl hfe klmtf
hf Hols y crrlnchl c ec tofrrc. Kudjls fmtofmhfm, y csë el drffkls, quf fstc
fs umc rfafrfmdoc c ec fxpuesoôm hf Tctcmãs hfe rfoml hf Hols y hf dôkl ïe
pcsô c dlmvfrtor
dlmvfr torsf
sf fm fe prëmdop
pr ëmdopff hf fstf kumhl.
k umhl.
Fm aom, ecs fxprfsolmfs y arcsfs uschcs fm fe tfxtl hf Fzfquofe 2:>33-3?
mls jcdfm pfmscr kãs fm um pfrslmcnf slbrfmcturce quf fm umc aogurc
jukcmc, plr el quf huhckls quf sf trctf sokpefkfmtf hf umc hfsdropdoôm
hfe rfy hf Xorl. Ml jcy huhc hf quf Hols, plr kfhol hf ecs pcecbrcs hfe
prlaftcc Fzfquofe,
prlaft Fzfquofe , fmvëc nuodol
n uodol ce
c e rfy hf Xorl,
Xo rl, pfrl fs decrl
d ecrl quf hftrãs hf
fstc aogurc jukcmc fstcbc um pfrslmcnf dfefstoce hfsdrotl plr kfhol hf um
efmgucnf sokbôeodl, y fsf pfrslmcnf ml pufhf sfr ltrl quf Tctcmãs. Fm fsf
sfmtohl, so fe tfxtl vfrhchfrckfmtf fstã jcdofmhl rfafrfmdoc c Tctcmãs,
plhfkls fmtlmdfs
f mtlmdfs dlmldfr
d lmldfr ec
e c jostlroc
jost lroc hftrãs
hft rãs hf ec
e c dcëhc hf Eudoafr.
EC RFBFEOÔM HF TCXCMÃT
Ylr ltrl echl, fe eobrl hfe prlaftc Oscëcs rfectc um sudfsl kuy sokoecr ce
hfsdrotl plr Fzfquofe>
―¡Dôkl jcs dcëhl hfe dofel, lj eudfrl hf ec kcócmc, jonl hf ec curlrc!
Jcs sohl hfrrobchl plr tofrrc, tþ quf hfboeotcbcs c ecs mcdolmfs. Yfrl tþ
honostf fm tu dlrczôm> «Tuborï ce dofel, plr fmdokc hf ecs fstrfeecs
fstrfe ecs hf Hols
efvcmtcrï ko trlml, y kf sfmtcrï fm fe klmtf hf ec csckbefc, fm fe fxtrfkl
mlrtf.
Tuborï slbrf ecs ceturcs hf ecs mubfs, kf jcrï sfk
sfkfncmtf
fncmtf ce Cetës okl°. Tom
Cetësokl°.
fkbcrgl, sfrãs hfrrobchl
hfr robchl ce Tfle, c el kãs rfkltl hfe cbos kl. Els quf tf
hf e cboskl.
vfcm tf lbsfrvcrãm, tf dlmtfkpecrãm y horãm> «¼Fs fstf cqufe jlkbrf quf
jcdëc tfkbecr ec tofrrc, quf scduhëc els rfomls, quf pusl ce kumhl dlkl um
hfsofrtl, quf hfrrobô sus douhchfs, quf c sus prosolmfrls ml cbroô ec
dãrdfe<°. Xlhls
Xlhls els rfyfs hf ecs mcdolmfs, tlhls feels ycdfm dlm gelroc,
dchc uml fm su sfpuedrl. Yfrl tþ jcs sohl fdjchl hf tut u sfpuedrl dlkl
vãstcgl hfsfdjchl, dlkl rlpc hf kufrtls trcspcschls c fspchc, quf
hfsdofmhfm c ecs pofhrcs hf ec
e c alsc, dlkl dchãvfr posltfchl‛. (Os 38>32-3?,
ïmacsos cóchohl)
Vmc vfz kãs, ecs fxprfsolmfs y arcsfs uschcs pcrc hfsdrobor ce pfrslmcnf
dfmtrce hf fstf tfxtl mls jcdfm pfmscr fm um sfr cmgfeodce cmtfs quf fm um
sfr jukcml. Hodjl pfrslmcnf, tce dlkl sf hfsdrobf fm Fzfquofe 2:, auf
fxpueschl hfe dofel y hfrrobchl c tofrrc plr dcusc hf su lrgueel.
Ycrtoduecrkfmtf, mltf ec crrlgcmdoc, fe fgldfmtroskl
fgldfmtrosk l y fe sfmtohl hf
cutlmlkëc hf fstf pfrslmcnf ducmhl hodf fm su omtfrolr> ―Tuborï ce dofel‛0
do fel‛0
―efvcmtcrï ko trlml‛0 ―kf sfmtcrï fm fe klmtf‛0 ―suborï slbrf ecs ceturcs
hf ecs mubfs‛0 ―kf jcrï sfkfncmtf ce Cetësokl‛. ¼Ml auf fstl þetokl el
quf Tctcmãs ef honl c Fvc quf sudfhfrëc so feels dlkëcm hfe arutl
a rutl hfe ãrble,
quf sfrëcm dlkl Hols< (Gm 4>6). Hf klhl quf, so fstf pcscnf fm vfrhch sf
rfaofrf c Tctcmãs, y csë el drffkls, plhfkls dlmdeuor quf fe pfdchl hf
Tctcmãs y fe pfdchl hf Chãm y Fvc aufrlm sfkfncmtfs> quosofrlm
quoso frlm sfr dlkl
fe Hols Cetësokl. Fstc fs ec rczôm plr ec quf dlmstcmtfkfmtf fmsfóckls
quf ec drocturc ml tlefrc sfr drocturc0 ml tlefrc sfr hfpfmhofmtf, soml quf
busdc su cutlmlkëc
cut lmlkëc.. _ fstl el vfkls
vfk ls cum c tfkprcmc
tfk prcmc fhch ducmhl
d ucmhl fe moól
mo ól
hf hls cóls sf mofgc c quf su kchrf ef cyuhf c ckcrrcrsf els zcpctls
plrquf ïe pofmsc quf pufhf jcdfrel
jcdfr el slel0
slel 0 pfrl mfdfsot
mfd fsotckls
ckls cdfptcr
cd fptcr quf
qu f
dlkl drocturcs sofkprf sfr
sfrfkls
fkls hfpfmhofmtfs hfe Drfchlr.
Drfchlr.
Aomcekfmtf, fe pcscnf hf Oscëcs hfsdrobf
hfsdro bf fe fstchl hf vfrgõfmzc fm quf
qufhô fstf sfr eufgl hf jcbfr sohl hfrrobchl y ecmzchl c el kãs rfkltl hfe
cboskl plr omtfmtcr supecmtcr c Hols. Ylr dlmsoguofmtf, fmtfmhfkls quf
tcmtl fe pcscnf hf Fzfquofe dlkl fe hf Oscëcs dlm tlhc prlbcboeohch
hfsdrobfm ecs dcuscs quf hofrlm eugcr
e ugcr c ec rfbfeoôm
rfbfeo ôm hf Tctcmãs y,
y, dlkl
rfsuetchl, ce omodol hf ec gufrrc fsporotuce
fspor otuce fmtrf fe rfoml hf Hols y fe rfoml
hf ecs tomofbecs.
Hf sfr um jfrklsl qufrubëm ce sfrvodol
sfrvodo l hf Hols, Eudoafr pcsô c dlmvfrtorsf
fm umc aogurc cmtcgômodc, fxpueschc hf ec prfsfmdoc hf Hols y dlmhfmchc
plr ec ftfrmohc
ft frmohch.
h. Lbsfrvf umc vfz kcs
k cs dôkl fef e eobrl
eo brl hf Fzfquofe
Fzfquo fe rfe
rfectc
ctc
hodjc trcmsodoôm> ―_l,
―_l, pufs, tf jf fxpueschl plr prlacml hfe klmtfk lmtf hf
Hols, y tf jf feokomchl, qufrubëm prltfdtlr, hf fm kfhol hf ecs pofhrcs hf
aufgl‛ (Fz 2:>31b). Csokoskl,
Csokoskl, fm fe eobrl
e obrl hf Oscëcs fmdlmtrckls ec
soguofmtf fxprfsoôm rfafrfmtf c Tctcmãs> ―¡Dôkl jcs dcëhl hfe dofel, lj
eudfrl hf ec kcócmc!‛ (Os 38>32c). Ckbls pcscnfs hfsdrobfm ecs
dlmsfdufmdocs hf ec rfbfeoôm hf Tctcmãs> su dcëhc, su fxpuesoôm y su
hfrrltc.
Ce prfsfmtf, ec gufrrc fsporotuce fmtrf fe rfoml hf Hols y fe rfoml hf ecs
tomofbecs dlmtomþc sofmhl eobrchc fm ecs rfgolmfs dfefstocefs, pfrl fe dckpl
hf bctceec sf jc fxtfmhohl jcstc cedcmzcr umc trfkfmhc omaeufmdoc fm tlhlt lhl
fe
pecmft c Xofrrc.
pecmftc Xofrr c. Yrlhudtl hfh f ec rfbfeoôm
rfbf eoôm hf Tctcmãs,
Tc tcmãs, tlhc
t lhc ec drfcdoôm
dr fcdoôm fstã
fs tã
bcnl ec omaeufmd
o maeufmdoc
oc hf aufrzcs
auf rzcs fsporo
fs porotucef
tucefss hf kcehch
kce hch quf cdtucekf
cdtu cekfmtf
mtf fstãm
fst ãm
eobrcmhl umc bctceec dlmtrc fe rfoml
rfo ml hf Hols fm ecs rfgolmfs dfefstocefs (Fa
1>39-29). Fe trcsechl hf fstc bctceec hfshf ecs rfgolmfs dfefstocefs jcstc ec
Xofrrc sf pufhf vfr decrckfmtf
decrck fmtf fm Gïmfsos 4, hlmhf effkls quf Tctcmãs,
plr kfhol
kfho l hf umc dlmvfrscdoôm
dlmvfr scdoôm fmgcólsc,
f mgcólsc, elgrc
elgr c hfrrltcr
hfrrlt cr c Chãm y c Fvc ce
eefvcrels hf ec sukosoôm
suko soôm c ec rfbfeoôm dlmtrc Hols. Csë sf fxpcmhoô ec
gufrrc fsporotuce hfe dofel c ec Xofrrc.
Chfkãs, fm Gïmfsos
Gïmfsos 4>36 vfkls dôkl Hols cmumdoc ec bctceec fsporotuce
fsporo tuce
quf fm um auturl Drostl eobrcrëc dlmtrc Tctcmãs y sus hfklmols
prfdos ckfmtff fm ec Xofrrc>
prfdosckfmt Xof rrc> ―Ylmhrï fmfkost
fmfk ostch
ch fmtrf tþ y ec kunfr,
k unfr, y fmtrf
fmt rf
tu sokofmtf y su sokofmtf0 Ïe tf jfrorã fm ec dcbfzc, y tþ el jfrorãs fm fe
tceôm‛ (Gm 4>36).
Xlhls els cdchïkodls lrtlhlxls fstãm hf cdufrhl fm quf ec soko
sokofmtf
fmtf hf ec

kunfr ml fs ltrl quf

quf cmtfrolrkfmtf Drostl Nfsþs,
dlkpcrtok
dlkpcrtokls el duce
ls slbrf dlmdufrhc
fe pcscnf dlm ec omtfrprftcdoôm
hf Cpldceopsos 32. Dl
Dlmm
fstc hfdecrcdoôm, Hols cmumdoc ecs bufmcs mufvcs hfe fvcmgfeol hf Drostl y
ec hfrrltc aomce hf Tctcmãs, pufs cumquf ec sfrpofmtf elgrcrëc dcuscr umc
jfrohc vosobef c ec sokofmtf
so kofmtf hf ec kunfr,
k unfr, ducmhl Drostl
Drostl csfstô fe glepf
dlmtrc ec sfrpofmtf, Tctcmãs y ecs aufrzcs fsporotucefs
fsporo tucefs hf kcehch aufrlm
hfscrkchcs fm ec druz dlkl effkls fm Dlelsfmsfs 2>36.
EC DLMXRLQFRTOC TLBRF GÏMFTOT 1>3-8
Dlm rfecdoôm c ec omaeufmdoc quf ecs aufrzcs fsporotucefs
fsporot ucefs hf kcehch fnfrdfm
fm ec fsafrc tfrrfmce, vcef ec
e c pfmc rfvoscr ltrl fvfmtl quf tckboïm sf
fmdufmtrc rfgostrchl fm fe eobrl hfe Gïmfsos y quf c el ecrgl hf ec jostlroc
jost lroc
hf ec Ogefsoc jc sohl dlmtrlvfrsoce hfbohl c ecs plsobefs omtfrprftcdolmfs
quf hodjl sudfsl jc tfmohl.
―Cdlmtfdoô quf ducmhl els jlkbrfs dlkfmzcrlm c kuetopeodcrsf slbrf ec
―Cdlmtfdoô
supfraodof hf ec tofrrc, y efs mcdofrlm joncs, els jonls hf Hols vofrlm quf ecs
joncs hf els jlk brfs frcm jfrklscs, y tlkcrlm pcrc së kunfrfs
jlkbrfs kun frfs hf fmtrf
tlhcs ecs quf efs gustcbcm. Fmtlmdfs fe TFÓLR
TFÓLR honl> Ko Fspërotu ml
eudjcrã pcrc sofkprf dlm fe jlkbrf, plrquf dofrtckfmtf ïe fs dcrmf. Tfrãm,
pufs, sus hëcs
hë cs 329 cóls‛.
cóls‛ . (Gm 1>3-8, ïmacsos
ïmacs os cóchohl)
cócho hl)
Ducmhll fm ec Ycecbrc hf Hols mls fmdlmtrckls dlm pcscnfs lsdurls dlkl
Ducmh
fe cmtfrolr, fs omfvotcbef quf fxostcm hostomtcs omtfrprftcdolmfs hf fsf
pcscnf hfmtrl
h fmtrl hfe pufbel hf Hols.
Hols . Fxostfm hls plsodolmfs
plsodo lmfs slbrf fe
sogmoaodchl hf ec fxprfsoôm ―els jonls hf Hols‛. Ylr um echl, cegumls
fstuholsls hf ec Ycecbrc pofmscm quf hodjc fxprfsoôm sf rfaofrf c els
hfsdfmhofmtfs hf Tft, fe tfrdfr jonl hf Chãm y Fvc, ecs ducefs aufrlm
pfrslmcs pochlscs.
pochlsc s.
Ylr ltrc pcrtf, ec kcylrëc hf els cdchïkodls
cdchïko dls dlmtfkplrãmfls fmtofmhfm
quf els jonls hf Hols fs ltrc kcmfrc hf rfafrorsf
rfafrors f c els ãmgfefs dcëhls quf
aufrlm fdjchls hfe dofel plr umorsf c ec rfbfeoôm hf Eudoafr.
Eudoafr. Fm el pfrslmce,
fstc sfgumhc plsodoôm fs ec quf jfkls chlptchl plr dlmsohfrcrec kãs
dlmsostfmtf dlm fe rfstl hf el quf ecs Fsdroturcs
Fsdrot urcs rfvfecm.
Ce effr Gïmfsos 1>3-8, el prokfrl quf mltckls fs quf jcy umc kcrdchc

hoafrfmdoc
fm fmtrfpufs
fstf fvfmtl, ec prldfhfmdoc hfquf
fe tfxtl hodf els els
jlkbrfs y ecs
jlkbrfs kunfrfs
frcm ―jonlsomvleudrchls
hf Hols‛ y
ecs kunfrfs frcm ―joncs
―jon cs hf els jlkbrfs‛. Fm momgumc dordumstcmdoc
hfbfrëckls pfmscr quf fstl tofmf cegl quf vfr dlm umc nfrcrquëc fmtrf
jlkbrfs y kunfrfs, soml quf fe tfxtl kãsk ãs bofm fmactozc quf fe sudfsl
hfsdrotl omvleudrc c hls grupls hoafrfmtfs. Fm fsf sfmtohl, els
hfmlkomchls ―jonls hf Hols‛
trchodolmcekfmtf jcm sohl vostls
vost ls dlkl sfrfs cmgfeodcefs quf dlpuecrlm dlm
kunfrfs hfsdfmhofmtfs hf Chãm y Fvc quf feels dlmsohfrcbcm ctrcdtovcs,
ctrcdto vcs,
cumquf kudjls fmtofmhfm quf quozãs sfrëc kãs eôgodl pfmscr quf sf
trctcbc hf ãmgfefs dcëhls quf plsfyfrlm dufrpls jukcmls kcsdueomls
kcsdueo mls y c
trcvïs hf feels tuvofrlm rfecdolmfs
rfecdo lmfs sfxucefs dlm kunfrfs hf ec rczc
jukcmc. Fm el pfrslmce, kf sofmtl kãs hf cdufrhl dlm fstc þetokc vosoôm
voso ôm
hfe tfxtl.
Csokoskl, sf pofmsc plr pcrtf hf kudjls fstuholsls quf hf fstc umoôm sf
lrogomô ec rczc hf gogcmtfs kfmdolmchc fm Gïmfsos 1>8.
Ec ohfc hf quf ec fxprfsoôm ―els jonls hf Hols‛ sf rfaofrf c ãmgfefs dcëhls
prlvofmff hf ec omtfrpr
prlvofm om tfrprftcdo
ftcdoôm
ôm hchc c vcrols
vcro ls pcscnfs
pcscn fs hf ecs Fsdroturcs
Fsdrot urcs quf
rfvoscrfkls
Nlb sf dufmtccquf
dlmtomucdoôm. Ylr umhchl
fm um klkfmtl echl,elsfm―jonls
fe prokfr dcpëtuel
hf Hols‛ hfe eobrl
e obrl hf
sf prfsfmtcrlm
hfecmtf hfe Tfólr y fmtrf feels fstcbc Tctcmãs, quf dlkl tlhls scbfkls fs
um sfr cmgfeodce (Nlb 3>1). Hf kcmfrc quf, fm fstf pcscnf ec arcsf fm
dufstoôm fstã sofmhl utoeozchc pcrc rfafrorsf c jufstfs cmgfeodcefs fm els
eugcrfs dfefstocefs, el quf mls eefvc c dlmsohfrcr ec plsoboeohch hf quf els
jonls hf Hols kfmdolmchls fm Gïmfsos 1 frcm rfcekfmtf
rfcek fmtf ãmgfefs dcëhls.
Cjlrc bofm, fstf
fstf pcscnf plr së slel ml fs suao
suaodofmtf
dofmtf pcrc sustfmtcr hodjc
plsodo ôm, csë quf vfckls
plsodoôm, vfc kls quï ltrls
lt rls tfxtls
tf xtls bëbeodls
bë beodls jcm eefvchl
eef vchl c hoafrfmtf
hoa frfmtfss
cdchïkodls c dlmdeuor hf fstc kcmfrc.
Fm 3 Yfhrl 4 effkls el soguofmtf>
―Fm fe fspërotu tckboïm auf
a uf y prfhodô c els fspërotus fmdcrdfechls, quofmfs
fm ltrl tofkpl aufrlm hfslbfhofm tfs ducmhl ec pcdofmdoc hf Hols fspfrcbc
hf slbfhofmtfs
fm els hëcs hf Mlï, hurcmtf ec dlmstruddoôm hfe crdc, fm ec duce umls pldls,

fs hfdor,
29, ldjl
ïmacsos pfrslmcs, aufrlm scevchcs plr kfhol hfe cguc‛. (3 Y 4>3?-
cóchohl)
Ml jcy huhc hf quf jly fm hëc fxostf
fx ostf um grupl hf ãmgfefs
ãmgfe fs dcëhls
dcëh ls l
fspërotus kceogmls
kce ogmls quf fstãm fmdcrdfechls fm prosolmfs hf lsdurohch
fspfrcmhl fe hëc hfe nuodol aomce (Kt 26>830 Cp 29>39), pfrl fs okplrtcmtf
hfstcdcr quf fm fstf pcscnf fe cpôstle Yfhrl fspfdoaodc quf hodjls fspërotus
fspërot us
aufrlm fmdcrdfechls plrquf hfslbfhfdofrlm c Hols fm els tofkpls hf Mlï,
y rfsuetc quf fe fvfmtl mcrrchl fm Gïmfsos 1>3-8 sudfhoô prfdosckfmtf fm
ec ïpldc hf Mlï, cmtfs hf quf ldurrofrc fe hoeuvol quf Yfhrl kfmdolmc fm
su dcrtc.
Ylr ltrl echl, fm su sfgumhc fpëstlec, Yfhrl caorkc
caor kc quf so Hols ―ml
pfrhlmô c els
e ls ãmgfefs
ãmgfef s ducmhl pfdcrlm,
pfdcr lm, soml quf eels
ls crrlnô
crrln ô ce omaofrml
oma ofrml y els
e ls
fmtrfgô c alsls hf tomofbecs, rfsfrvchls pcrc nuodol‛ (2 Y 2>8), Ïe tckpldl
tck pldl
hfncrëc som dcstogl c tlhls
t lhls els acesls kcfstrls quf c tr trcvïs
cvïs hf els cóls jcm
omtfmtchl pfrvfrtor fe fvcmgfeol y hfstruor
hfstruo r c els drfyfmtfs plr kfhol hf
kfmtorcs y fmgcóls. DlmDlm fstcs pcecbrcs, fe cpôstle rfdlmldf umc vfz kãs
quf jcy ãmgfefs fmdcrdfechls fm alsls hf tomofbecs
tomo fbecs plrquf pfdcrlm dlmtrc
Hols, y dlm tlhc prlbcboeohch
prlbcboeohch fstc fs ltrc rfafrfmdoc
rfa frfmdoc c ec hfslbfhofmdoc
ldurrohc fm els hëcs hf Mlï quf Yfhrl kfmdolmô fm su prokfrc dcrt dcrtc.
c.
Cjlrc,
gucrhcmplr
plprosoôm
r ec Ycecbrc mlsltrls
hf kcmfrc scbfkls soml
pfrkcmfmtf, quf mlquftlhls els hfklmols
hfk lmols
jcy fspërotus kceogmls
quf hfckbuecm plr dofel y tofrrc jcdofmhl fe kce,
kce , el quf mls eefvc c
dlmdeuor quf fe pfdchl dlkftohl plr fstf grupl hf ãmgfefs auf tcm grcvf y
pfrvfrsll quf Hols hftfrko
pfrvfrs hftf rkomô
mô quf ml hfbëc hfncre
h fncrels
ls eobrfs
eob rfs slbrf
slbr f ec acz
ac z hf ec
tofrrc plrquf quozãs su omaeufmdoc slbrf els jlkbrfs sfrëc
s frëc hfkcsochl
plhfrlsc.
Fm ec fpëstlec fsdrotc plr Nuhcs, fe kfhol
k fhol jfrkcml hf Nfsþs, fmdlmtrckls
um pcscnf hlmhf fe cutlr dotc umc prlafdëc rfgostrchc fm um hldukfmtl
jfbrfl dlmldohl jostôrodckfmtf dlkl fe eobrl hf Fmld (Nuh
3>38-36), fe duce jc sohl cdfptchl plr ec dlkumohch nuhëc dlkl um eobrl hf
scbohurëc hfe duce plhfkls scdcr prlvfdjl, cumquf fe koskl ml fs
dlmsohfrchl dlkl um eobrl omsporchl
omspor chl plr fe Fspërotu hf Hols y,
y, plr tcmtl,
ml alrkc pcrtf hfe dcmlm hf ecs Fsdroturcs. Dlm rfecdoôm c fstc dotc jfdjc
plr Nuhcs, fe cutlr Gfmf E. Grffm, rfdlmldohl
rfd lmldohl y rfspftchl
rf spftchl fruhot
f ruhotll hfe
Mufvl Xfstck
Xfstckfmtl,
rfaefxoôm kãs fmtl, dlkfmtô
dlk
fxtfmsc fmtô fstls
slbrf el soguofmt
s oguofmtf>
f> ―Fe
ãmgfefs eobrl
e obrl
dcëhls fsquf dlmtofm
d lmtofmf
3 Fmld, umcf lbrc
ec quf
Nuhcs dotc fm els vfrsëduels 38-36... Yrokfrc hf Fmld 1-32 rfectc ec jostlroc
hf els ãmgfefs quf vomofrlm c ec tofrrc, tlkcrlm
t lkcrlm fsplscs jukcmcs y
fmgfmhrcrlm moóls kcevchls quf frcm els gogcmtfs. Fe hoeuvol auf fe nuodol
quf voml slbrf fe kumhl c dcusc hf fstf ctrlz pfdchl. 4
Fe tfxtl hf Nuhcs quf dotc fe prokfr
prok fr eobrl hf Fmld hodf el soguofmtf> ―_ c
els ãmgfefs quf ml dlmsfrvcrlm su sfólrël lrogomce, soml quf cbcmhlmcrlm
su klrchc efgëtokc, els jc gucrhchl fm prosolmfs ftfrmcs bcnl tomofbecsto mofbecs
pcrc fe nuodol
n uodol hfe
hf e grcm hëc‛
hë c‛ (Nuh 3>1,
3> 1, ïmacsos
ïmacso s cóchohl).
cóchohl) . Hf kcmfrc quf, fm
ec fpëstlec hf Nuhcs vfkls ltrc rfafrfmdoc kãs c fstls sfrfs cmgfeodcefs
quf sf rfbfecrlm dlmtrc fe hosfól lrogomce hf Hols y quf dlkl rfsuetchl
aufrlm dlmaomchls fm prosolmfs ftfrmcs, kuy sokoecr c el quf Yfhrl
kfmdolmc fm sus dcrtcs dlm rfecdoôm c ec hfslbfhofmdoc ldurrohc fm els hëcs
hf Mlï. Fm ec ïpldc hf Nuhcs, ec omtfrprftcdoôm hf Gïmfsos 1>2 dlkl umc
rfafrfmdoc c sfrfs cmgfeodcefs frc bofm dlmldohc. Fmtlmdf
Fmtlmdfs,s, dlkl sfócec fe
fruhotl Yftfr J.
Hcvohs> ―Ec fxtrcófzc hf ec trchodoôm pcrc mufstrls lëhls ml sogmoaodc quf
aufrc fxtrcóc pcrc els efdtlrfs hf Nuhcs‛. 8 Fs plr fstl quf fe pcscnf hf
Nuhcs 3>1 fs ltrl hf els tfxtls uschls pcrc sustfmtcr ec e c plsodoôm hf quf
―els jonls hf Hols‛ kfmdolmchls fm Gïmfsos 1>2 slm rfcekfmtf rfce kfmtf ãmgfefs
dcëhls quf plsfyfrlm dufrpls jukcmls y sf umofrlm sfxucekfmtf dlm ecs
kunfrfs hf ec tofrrc,
to frrc, hcmhl lrogfm c umc rczc hf gogcmtfs. Fstc plsodoôm
tofmf um grcm pfsl fxfgïtodl plrquf auf ec e c plsodoôm chlptchc plr fe pufbel
nuhël hfshf
hf shf cmtfs hf quf Drostl
Drost l vomofrc
vomofr c y jcstc fe
f e sfgumhl sogel
s ogel hf mufstrc
mu fstrc
frc.
Csokoskl, fstc jc sohl ec omtfrprftcdoôm
omtfr prftcdoôm hchc plr fe pufbel drostocml hfshf
ec ïpldc hf Nfsþs y jcstc cprlxokchckfmtf fe sogel Q. Q. Nuhcs, fe cutlr hf ec
fpëstlec quf eefvc su mlkbrf fm fe Mufvl Xfstckfmtl,
Xfstckfmtl, dotô c 3 Fmld dlkl
kfmdolmckls kãs crrobc, c pfscr hf fstf sfrs fr um eobrl cpôdroal. Els cutlrfs
hf ec Bobeoc, bcnl omsporcdoôm hf Hols, sf somtofrlm fm eobfrtch hf dotcr
dofrtls cutlrfs cpôdroals, duyls fsdrotls jcbëcm sohl ckpeockfmtf
cdfptchls plr ec dlkumohch hf cqufe fmtlmdfs. Yrfstfkls ctfmdoôm c fstf
dlkfmtcrol hf umc aufmtf rfspftchc>
r fspftchc> ―Yrokfrl, ml jcy mchc omusuce fm quf
els fsdrotlrfs
bëbeodls
bëbeo dls sf rfaofr
rf aofrcm
cm l dotfm
dot fm eobrls
eobr ls quf ml fstãm
fst ãm fm mufstrcs
mufst rcs Bobeocs.
Bobe ocs. Fm fe
Cmtogul Xfstckfmtl
Xfstckfmtl fmdlmtrckls rfafrfmdocs ce Eobrl hf tlhcs ecs e cs gufrrcs
hfe Tfólr, els rfgostrls hfe prlaftc Mctãm y hfe vohfmtf Gch, els cmcefs hf
els rfyfs hf Osrcfe y els cmcefs hf els rfyfs hf Nuhã‛. 6
TCXCMÃT OMXFRCDXÞC DLM HOLT
Dlkl jcbëckls kfmdolmchl cmtfrolrkfmtf, Tctcmãs fs um fmfkoglfmfko gl fm els
dofels dlm grcm omaeufmdoc fm fe pecml tfrrfmce. Dlm fe omtfrïs hf oeustrcr
oe ustrcr el
quf cdcbl hf hfdor rfdlrhfkls um pcscnf cetckfmtf
ce tckfmtf dlmldohl plr kudjls
y quf sf fmdufmtrc fm fe eobrl hf Nlb 3>1-32>
―Vm hëc, ducmhl els jonls hf Hols vomofrlm c prfsfmtcrsf hfecmtf hfe
TFÓLR , Tctcmãs voml tckboïm fmtrf feels. _ fe TFÓLR prfgumtô c
Tctcmãs> «¼Hf hômhf vofmfs<° Fmtlmdfs Tctcmãs rfsplmhoô ce TFÓLR TFÓLR >
«Hf rfdlrrfr ec tofrrc
tofrr c y hf cmhcr plr fee
feec°.
c°. _ fe TFÓLR
TFÓLR honl
honl c Tctcmãs>
«¼Xff jcs aonchl fm Ko sofrvl Nlb< Ylrquf ml jcy momguml dlkl ïe slbrf ec
«¼X
tofrrc0 fs um jlkbrf omtcdjcbef
o mtcdjcbef y rfdtl, tfkfrlsl hf Hols y cpcrtchl hfe
kce°. Tctcmãs rfsplmhoô ce TFÓLR
TFÓLR > «¼Cdcsl
«¼Cdcsl tfkf Nlb c Hols hf bcehf<
bce hf<
¼Ml
tofmf,jcs
plrjfdjl
tlhlsXþ umc vceec
umc
echls< cerfhfhlr
cer fhfhlr hf
Jcs bfmhfdohl ïe, hf suhfdcsc
fe trcbcnl sus ykcmls
hf tlhl el quf
y sus
plsfsolmfs
plsfso lmfs jcm cukfmtchl
cuk fmtchl fm ece c tofrrc.
tof rrc. Yfrl fxtofmh
f xtofmhff cjlrc Xu kcml
kc ml y
tldc tlhl el quf tofmf, y vfrãs so ml tf kcehodf
kce hodf fm Xu koskc dcrc°.
Fmtlmdfs fe TFÓLR
TFÓLR honl c Tctcmãs> «Jf cquë, tlhl el quf tofmf fstã fm tu
plhfr0 pfrl
pf rl ml fxtofmhcs
fxto fmhcs tu kcml
k cml slbrf ïe°.ï e°. _
Tctcmãs sceoô hf ec prfsfmdoc hfe Tfólr‛. (Nlb 3>1-32)
Dlkl fs dlmldohl, ecs dceckohchfs suarohcs
suaro hcs plr Nlb y su ackoeoc aufrlm
arutl hf um hfscaël quf Tctcmãs jozl
jo zl c Hols y quf Hols fm su slbfrcmëc
hfdohoô pfrkotor dlm um prlpôsotl fspfdëaodl fm ec vohc hf Nlb. Tom
fkbcrgl, Nlb mumdc fstuvl ce tcmtl hf quf tlhl
t lhl el quf ef fstcbc ldurro
ldurrofmhl
fmhl
frc pcrtf hf um dlmaeodtl dôskodl quf sf fstcbc eobrcmhl
eo brcmhl fmtrf hls rfomls.
Fstl mls hc umc ohfc hf quf ce prfsfmtf fstãm sudfhofmhl kudjcs dlscs fm
ecs rfgolmfs dfefstocefs hf ecs ducefs mlsltrls ml fstckls cpfrdobohls y hf
ecs ducefs prlbcbefkfmtf pfrkcmfdfrfkls ogmlrcmtfs plr fe rfstl hf ec
ftfrmohch.
ldurroô fm Fs okplrtcmtf
ec vohc hf Nlb quf rfdlmlzdckls
fs dlmsostfmtf fstc
dlm el qufrfceohch plrquf
fe cpôstle el rfvfec
Ycbel quf
fm Fafsols 1 ducmhl
hodf quf mufstrc eudjc ml fs dlmtrc dcrmf mo scmgrf, soml dlmtrc jufstfs
fsporotucefs fm ecs rfgolmfs
r fgolmfs dfefstocefs, cegl quf omdeusl fsdcpc c mufstrc
okcgomcdoôm.
Ce effr fe rfectl
rfe ctl hf ec dlmvfrscdoôm quf jubl fmtrf Hols y Tctcmãs, rfsuet
rfsuetcc
omtfrfscmtf quf ducmhl Hols ef prfgumtc c Tctcmãs hf hômhf vfmëc, ïe
rfsplmhf quf vfmëc hf rfdlrrfr ec tofrrc y hf cmhcr plr feec (Nlb
( Nlb 3>7). Fstc
rfspufstc fs hogmc hf mufstrl omtfrïs plrquf fs umc fvohfmdoc kãs hf quf
Tctcmãs ml fs lkmoprfsfmtf (vfr tckboïm 3 Y 6>:), el quf okpeodc
ok peodc quf pcrc
ïe plhfr fmtfrcrsf hf cegl tofmf quf trcmsplrtcrsf hf um eugcr c ltrl
ltr l l
jcdfr usl hf els ãmgfefs dcëhls quf sf rfbfecrlm dlm ïe y plr kfhol hf
feels fmtfrcrsf hf el quf fstã ldurrofmhl
ldurro fmhl cerfhfhlr hfe pecmftc.
Hf oguce kcmfrc, fs okplrtcmtf
okplrtcmt f hfstcdcr quf fm su hoãelgl
hoãe lgl dlm Tctcmãs,
Hols sf rfaofrf c Nlb dlkl um jlkbrf omtcdjcbef y rfdtl, tfkfrlsl hf Hols
y cpcrtchl hfe kce (Nlb 3>:). Fm ltrcs pcecbrcs, Hols dlmsohfrcbc c Nlb
dlkl um jlkbrf pochlsl. Fstl fs sogmoaodctovl plrquf so mls vckls ce
Mufvl Xfstck
Xfstckfmtl,
fmtl, rfsuetc
rfs uetc quf
q uf ducmhl Ycbel fsdro f sdrobf
bf su pro
prokfrc
kfrc dcrtc
d crtc ce
nlvfm Xokltfl,
Xok ltfl, ïe ef
e f chvofrtf
chvofr tf quf tlhls
tl hls els quf quofrfm
q uofrfm vovor
vo vor pochlsckf
po chlsckfmtf mtf
fm Drostl Nfsþs sfrãm pfrsfguohls (3 Xo 4>32). Fs hfdor, ec vohc hf pofhch
jcdf quf mls dlmvortckls fm becmdl hf ctcquf pcrc fe fmfkogl. Tctcmãs
hfsfc ctcdcr y hfscdrfhotcr c els quf dckomcm pochlsckfmtf, dlkl Nlb,
plrquf els jlkbrfs
jlkbrf s quf plsffm um dcrãdt d crãdtfr
fr pochlsl
pochl sl fnfrdfm
fnfr dfm grcm omaeufm
o maeufmdoc
doc
slbrf els hfkãs y slm um aofe tfstoklmol
t fstoklmol hf ec e c blmhch hf Hols. Hf Hf jfdjl,
umc vohc dcrcdtfrozchc plr ec pofhch hfspofrtc dfels y fmvohoc fm Tctcmãs
plrquf Hols sf dlkpec
d lkpecdf df fm bfmhfdor
bfmhfdo r fxtr
fxtrclrhomc
clrhomcrock
rockfmtf
fmtf dlm hlmfs,
hlmf s,
tcefmtls y lplrtumohchfs c cqufeels jlkbrfs y kunfrfs quf dckomcm dcko mcm
aofekfmtf hfecmtf hf Ïe. Fmtlmdfs, dlkl Tctcmãs scbf quf ml pufhf
hfstruor c Hols, ïe busdc plr tlhls els kfhols hfstruor c cqufeels quf ef
rfprfsfmtcm pcrc hf cegumc alrkc elgrcr hfscdrfhotcr fe mlkbrf hf Hols.
To dlmtomuckls cmceozcmhl cegumcs hf ecs arcsfs hfe hoãelgl quf jubl
fmtrf Hols y Tctcmãs, plhfkls cprfmhfr vcrocs efddolmfs cdfrdc hf ec
mcturcefzc
horogf hf mls
c Hols mufstrl
hfncfmfkogl.
vfr quf ïeYlr
fs um sfr
e chl,
echl, ec kcmfrc
tltcek
tltcekfmtf fm quf Tctcmãs
fmtf orrfvfrfmtf, som sf
momgþm rfspftl jcdoc ec cutlrohch
cutlro hch hovomc. Fm su omtfmtl plr prlvldcr quf
Nlb becsafkcrc dlmtrc Hols, Tctcmãs prlpusl c Hols Hols el soguofmtf>
so guofmtf> ―Yfrl
fxtofmhf cjlrc Xu kcml y tldc tlhl el quf tofmf, vfrãs so ml tf kcehodf fm
Xu koskc dcrc‛ (Nlb 3>33). Dlm fstcs pcecbrcs, Tctcmãs fstcbc omsomucmhl
quf ec þmodc rczôm plr ec quf Nlb pfrkcmfdëc aofe c Hols frc plr ec
prltfddoôm
prltfd doôm y ecs
ec s
bfmhodo lmfs quf rfdobëc
bfmhodolmfs rf dobëc hf Ïe, pfrl quf Nlb
N lb ef rfdjczcrë
rfd jczcrëcc umc vfz Hols
rfklvofrc ec vceec quf jcbëc pufstl cerfhfhlr hf ïe (Nlb 3>?-33). Dl Dlkl
kl so
aufrc pldl, Tctcmãs ml slel utoeozc um efmgucnf hfscaocmtf pcrc horogorsf c
Hols, soml quf el hfscaëc fmarfmtf hf tlhc umc dlrtf dfefstoce, pufs
rfdufrhf quf ec Ycecbrc fmactozc quf fstc dlmvfrscdoôm tuvl eugcr fm um
klkfmtl fm quf els jonls hf Hols vomofrlm c prfsfmtcrs
prfsfmtcrsff hfecmtf hfe Tfólr.
Tfólr.
Csokoskl, fe hfscaël ecmzchl plr Tctcmãs hf kcmfrc tãdotc mls hfnc vfr
quf ïe tckpldl fs lkmosdofmtf y ml pufhf effr ec kfmtf k fmtf jukcmc, pufs
fstcbc sfgurl hf quf elgrcrëc jcdfr becsafkcr c Nlb so Hols rftorcbc
rfto rcbc su
duohchl y prltfddoôm hf ïe. Tctcmãs hfsdlmldëc ec lbrc quf Hols jcbëc
jfdjl fm fe omtfrolr hf Nlb y ec dceohch
dceo hch hf su dcrãdtfr.
dcrãdtfr.

Ylr ltrl echl, fstc jostlroc mls kufstrc

kufstr c quf Hols fs slbfrcml slb slbrfrf tlhc ec
drfcdoôm, y,
y, plr tcmtl, dlkl jonls hf Hols ml fstckls c fxpfmscs hf
Tctcmãs. Lbsfrvf
Lbsfrvf fstl fm fe soguofmtf vfrsëduel> ―Xlhl―Xlhl el quf ïe tofmf
to fmf fstã
fm tu plhfr0 pfrl ml fxtofmhcs
fxto fmhcs tu kcml slbrf ïe‛ (Nlb 3>32). Hols tuvl quf
hcref pfrkosl c Tctcmãs pcrc quf ïe puhofrc omtfrafror
omtfr afror fm ec vohc hf Nlb, y
cum csë, Tctcmãs fstcbc eokotchl plr ec slbfrcmëc
s lbfrcmëc hf Hols fm ducm
ducmtltl c el
quf plhëc jcdfref c Nlb. Fstl fs kuyk uy okplrtcmtf plrquf so jcy cegl quf
plhfkls dlkprlbc
d lkprlbcrr c trcvïs
trc vïs hf fstc
fst c dlmvfrscdoôm
dlmvfrsc doôm dôskodc
dôsk odc fs quf Tctcmãs
Tc tcmãs
fs um pfrslmcnf ctrfvohl quf ml tofmf dlmsohfrcdoôm cegumc plr ec vohc
jukcmc. To ml aufrc plr els eëkotfs
eëkot fs quf Hols pusl ce fnfrdodol hf su plhfr,
fe fmfkogl jubofsf tfrkomchl dlm ec vohc hf Nlb.
Hf jfdjl, eufgl hf jcbfr
jcbfr omdotchl c Hols pcrc quf crruomcrc c Nlb y
tfrkomcrc dlm tlhl el quf ïe plsfëc (Nlb 2>4b) y hf vfr quf Nlb pfrkcmfdëc
sofmhl aofe, Tctcmãs ef honl c Hols> ―«Fxtofmhf cjlrc Xu kcml y ttldcldc su
jufsl y su dcrmf, vfrãs so ml tf
t f kcehodf fm Xu koskc dcrc°. _ fe TFÓLR
honl c Tctcmãs> «Ïe fstã fm tu kcml0 pfrl rfspftc
r fspftc su vohc°‛ (Nlb 2>6-1).
Tctcmãs mlslbrf
slbfrcml tofmfecpltfstch
vohc y ecslbrf e c vohc
ec
kufrtf, y elhf els jlkbrfs,
þmodl pufs
gmlsle
quf fe kceogml
kceo slell Hols fs
pufhf
jcdfrmls fs cqufeel quf Hols pfrkotf dlm um prlpôsotl fspfdëaodl. Hf
kcmfrc quf, fe dckpl hf cddoôm hf Tctcmãs fstã eokotchl
eokot chl plr ec slbfrcmc
vleumtch hf Hols.
Mumdc hfbfkls levohcr
le vohcr quf els fvfmtls
fvfmt ls hf ec tofrr
t ofrrcc usucekfmtf
usucek fmtf tofmfm
t ofmfm hls
efdturcs. Ylr um echl, pufhfm sfr omtfrprftchls
omtfrprft chls hf cdufrhl c dôkl eudfm
hfshf cquë hfbcnl y,
y, plr ltrl echl, dlmalrkf c dôkl eudfm hfshf els e ls
dofels.

Fm ltrcs pcecbrcs, jcy umc pfrspfdtovc tfrrfmce y umc pfrspfdtovc hovomc

pcrc dchc dlsc
d lsc quf sudfhf
sudf hf fm mufstrcs
mufst rcs vohcs.
voh cs. Cjlrc bofm, ec
e c efdt
efdturc
urc
dfefstoce sofkprf sfrã ec kãs dlmaocbef y vfrhchfrc, pufs fs ec kãs
dlkpeftc, yc quf
Hols fs fe þmodl quf rfcekfmtf
rfcek fmtf dlmldf plr quï ecs dlscs fstãm ldurrofmhl
hf ec kcmfrc fm quf fstãm ldurrofmhl y pcrc quï prlpôsotls fstãm
ldurrofmhl.
Fm fsf sfmtohl, ec jostlroc hf Nlb fs hlmhf kfnlr plhfkls vfr hfklstrchc
fstc rfceohch.
sudfhofmhl fmXcmtl
Xec
cmtl pcrc
vohc hf Nlb
Nlb dlkl pcrc sus
y su ackoeoc ckogls,
frcm ecs dlscs quf fstcbcm
omdlkprfmsobefs. fst cbcm

Ce vfr tlhl fe kce quf jcbëc vfmohl slbrf Nlb, sus ckogls aufrlm c
dlmslecrel y sf sfmtcrlm fm fe sufel dlm ïe plr softf hëcs
hë cs y softf mldjfs som
quf mchof ef honfrc umc pcecbrc, plrquf vfëcm quf su hlelr frc kuy grcmhf
(Nlb 2>33-34). Tom fkbcrgl, eufgl fstls ckogls
cko gls eefgcrlm c dlmdeusolmfs hf
tlhl el quf fstcbc ldurrofmhl fm ec
e c vohc hf Nlb, pfrl sus dlmdeusolmfs
aufrlm frrchcs plrquf fstcbcm omtfrprftcmhl ecs fxpfrofmdocs hf Nlb c
trcvïs hf el quf cdchïkodls jcm hfmlkomchl ec tflelgëc hf ec rftrobudoôm,
rftro budoôm,

quf bãsodckfmtf
dlmalrkf c dôklpecmtfc
feecs sfquf Hols rfdlkpfmsc
dlkplrtcm. l dcstogc
Fstc tflelgëc fst cbcc ecs
fstcbc pfrslmcs
prfsfmtf fm els
tofkpls hf Nfsþs y sceoô c rfeudor
r feudor fm fe klkfmtl
klk fmtl fm quf, ce vfr c um
jlkbrf dofgl hf mcdokofmtl, els hosdëpuels ef prfgumtcm c Nfsþs> ―Rcbë,
¼quoïm pfdô, fstf l sus pchrfs, pcrc quf mcdofrc dofgl<‛
do fgl<‛ (Nm ?>2).
Eckfmtcbefkfmtf, ec ohfc hf quf ―sofkprf‛ fxostf umc rftrobudoôm
rft robudoôm hovomc
fm bcsf
pfscr hfcemldlkplrtckofmtl
t fmfr sustfmtl
tfmfr bëjukcml
sus tfmtl bëbeodl. cþmtckfmtf,
fstãmtf,
beodl. Dofrtckf
Dofr prfsfmtf fm mufstrls
fe pfdchl
pf dchl tr cf hëcs c
trcf
dlmsfdufmdocs slbrf ec vohc hf els jlkbrfs, pfrl mlsltrls hfsdlmldfkls
duãefs slm ecs dlmsfdufmdocs quf Hols horfdtckfmtf fstã okplmofmhl y plr
fsl hfbfkls sfr duohchlsls ce klkfmtl hf nuzgcr su prldfhfmdoc.
Els jonls hf Hols hfbfkls fstcr cpfrdobohls
cpfrdobo hls hf quf mufstrcs vovfmdocs fm
ec tofrrc tofmfm ltrc dlmmltcdoôm fm els dofels. Csokoskl, mfdfsotckls
fmtfmhfr quf jcy hfdosolmfs quf Hols jc tlkchl dlm rfecdoôm c mufstrcs
vohcs duycs rczlmfs hfsdlmldfkls plr dlkpeftl, pfrl quf jcm sohl
tlkchcs plrquf Hols fmtofmhf quf mlsltrls mfdfsotckls pcscr plr fscs
fxpfrofmdocs y cprfmhfr c vovorecs dlmalrkf c el quf ec Ycecbrc hf Hols
rfvfec, pufs fsl fs el quf mls pfrkotf trcmsotcr plr feecs dlrrfdtckfmtf.
FE AOMCE HF EC JOTXLROC
Ec Bobeoc tofmf kudjl kãs quf fmsfócrmls cdfrdc hf fstc bctceec plr y fm
els eugcrfs dfefstocefs,
dfefstoce fs, pfrl cmtfs hf dlmtomucr qufrfkls caorkcr umc vfz
kãs quf ec hfrrltc aomce hf Tctcmãs y sus hfklmols fstã gcrcmtozchc.
Fmtlmdfs, grcdocs c quf dlmldfkls fe aomce hf ec jostlroc,
jostlro c, jly plhfkls
vovor trcmquoels y dlmaochls scbofmhl quf Hols vfmdoô els plhfrfs hf ecs
tomofbecs plr kfhol hf Drostl y fm Ïe gcrcmtozô mufstrc vodtlroc.
vo dtlroc.
Ce omodol hf fstf dcpëtuel vokls quf fm fe eobrl
e obrl hfe prlaftc Oscëcs jcy um
pcscnf quf
q uf jc sohl omtfrpr
o mtfrprftchl
ftchl dlkl
dlk l umc ceusoôm
ceuso ôm c ec rfbfeoôm
rf bfeoôm lrogomc
lr ogomcee hf
Tctcmãs y fe fstchl hf vfrgõfmzc fm quf ïe qufhô eufgl hf su dcëhc. Yufs
rfsuetc quf fm hodjl eobrl tckboïm fmdlmtrckls um pcscnf quf rfectc rfe ctc fe
aomce hf fsc jostlroc. Fstl auf el
e l quf Oscëcs prlaftozô>
―_ sudfhfrã fm cqufe hëc, quf fe TFÓLR
TFÓLR dcstogcrã ce fnïrdo
fnïrdotl
tl fm ecs
ceturcs, y c els rfyfs hf ec tofrrc
to frrc fm ec tofrrc.
to frrc. _ sfrãm cgrupchls
cgrupchls fm klmtôm
dlkl prosolmfrls fm um dcecblzl0 sfrãm
s frãm fmdfrrchls fm ec dãrdfe, y hfspuïs
hf kudjls hëcs sfrãm dcstogchls‛.
dcst ogchls‛. (Os 28>23-22)
Fstf tfxtl hf ec Ycecbrc caorkc
caork c quf eefgcrã um klkfmtl fm quf Hols
dcstogcrã fm els dofels c fsf grupl hf ãmgfefs dcëhls quf cdtucekfmtf
pfrkc
pfrkcmfdf
mfdf hf
ec prlafdëc bctceecmhl
bctcOscëcs
eecmhltckboïm
dlmtrc
d lmtrc Hols
t ckboïm rfvfecfm
f mquf
ecsjcbrã
rfgolmfs
r fgolmfs dfefst
d fefstocefs
um nuodol ocefs..els
pcrc Csokos
Csokoskl,
kl,
rfbfehfs
hf ec tofrrc, y ckbls grupls sfrãm fmdfrrchls fm prosoôm, dlkl aufrlm
fmdcrdfechls cqufeels ãmgfefs quf pfdcrlm fm els hëcs hf Mlï y quf
cdtucekfmtf pfrkcmfdfm rfdeuohls fm alsls hf tomofbecs, tomofbe cs, jcstc quf su
sfmtfmdoc aomce sfc prlmumdochc plr fe Tfólr y sfcm crrlnchls ce ecgl hf
aufgl hlmhf pfrkcmfdfrãm plr tlhc ec ftfrmohch. Hf klhl quf, tcmtl els
ãmgfefs dcëhls dlkl els sfrfs jukcmls quf kufrfm som rfdlmldfr c Drostl
dlkl su Tfólr y Tcevchlr fxpfrokfmtcm um fmdofrrl tfkplrce prfvol ce
dcstogl aomce hf quf jcbec fe eobrleo brl hf Cpldceopsos,
Cpldceopsos, csë dlkl kþetopefs
k þetopefs ltrls
pcscnfss hf ecs Fsdrot
pcscnf Fs droturcs.
urcs.
2
FE OMODOL HFE DLMAEODXL FM
EC XOFRRC
―Ylrquf mufstrc eudjc ml fs dlmtrc scmgrf y dcrmf, soml dlmtrc promdopchls,
dlmtrc pltfstchfs, dlmtrc els plhfrfs hf fstf kumhl hf tomofbecs, dlmtrc ecs
aufrzcs fsporotucefs hf kcehch
k cehch fm ecs rfgolmfs dfefstfs. Ylr tcmtl, tlkfm
tlhc ec crkchurc
jcboïmhlel jfdjlhf Hols,
tlhl, pcrc
fstcr quffs‛.
aorkfs‛.
aork pufhcm rfsostor fm fe hëc kcel, y

(Fa 1>32-34)

E c mcrrcdoôm bëbeodc dlkofmzc y tfrkomc dlm um dlmaeodtl fsporotuce fmtrf

hls rfomls. Tom fkbcrgl, so jcy um tfkc
t fkc quf jc sohl rfe
rfefgchl
fgchl c um sfgumhl
pecml plr kudjl
k udjl tofkpl,
tof kpl, ducmhl hfboô
hfbo ô jcbfr sohl
so hl cegl prolrot
pro lrotcrol
crol pcrc
pcr c ec
Ogefsoc, fs ec fxostfmdoc hf um dlmaeodtl
dlmaeodt l klmukfmtce y dlmtomul fmtrf fe
rfoml hf Hols y fe rfoml hf ecs tomofbecs. Ec gufrrc fsporotuce
fsporot uce fs um tfkc
drudoce quf cafdtc tlhcs ecs fsafrcs
fsafr cs hf ec vohc, yc sfc quf el pfrdobckls l
ml. Ec Ycecbrc hf Hols omsostf hf kcmfrc dctfgôrodc fm fe jfdjl hf quf eels ls
drfyfmtfs fstckls dlmtomuckfmtf bcnl gufrrc fsporotuce,
fsporo tuce, yc sfc hf um topl
l hf ltrl, pufs mls fmdlmtrckls bcnl fe csfhol dlmtomul hf omaeufmdocs hf
sfrfs fsporotucefs quf ml plhfkls vfr y hf els ducefs ml mls plhfkls
pfrdctcr
pfrdct cr..

Ylr ltrlomdlrrfdtc
kcmfrc echl, fstf yfsdlm
um tfkc quf jcbëbeodl
um slplrtf sohl cblrhchl
aufrc hf arfdufmtfkfmtf
dlmtfxtl. Ylr fschf
rczôm, mufstrl lbnftovl fs fsduhroócr ecs Fsdroturcs y fxtrcfr hf ceeë
ce eë slel el
quf Hols jc rfvfechl dlm rfecdoôm c fstf tfkc, hf alrkc tce quf, plhckls
sfr kãs scbols c ec jlrc hf vovor y prldeckcr fe fvcmgfeol fmtrf eecs
cs
mcdolmfs.
C kcmfrc hf omtrlhuddoôm, quosoïrckls dlkfmzcr jcbecmhl cdfrdc hfe
omodol hf ec gufrrc fsporotuce
fsporo tuce fm ec tofrrc,
tofr rc, quf ml fs fxcdtckfmtf ducmhl ec
gufrrc omodoô. Cmtfrolr ce fmdufmtrl hf ec sfrpofmtf dlm Chãm y Fvc, jubl
umc rfbfeoôm fm els dofels dlkl vfrfkls fm fe prôxokl
prôxok l dcpëtuel. Ylr cjlrc
omodofkls dlm el quf ldurroô cquë hfbcnl, quf fs ec fxpeodcdoôm c tlhl fe
kce quf vfkls jly.
jly. El quf sf hol
ho l fm fe jufrtl hfe Fhïm dlmtomþc
cafdtãmhlmls jly.
VMC HFAOMODOÔM HF GVFRRC FTYOROXVCE
Cmtfs hf dlmtomucr fs prfdosl hfaomor brfvfkfmtf quï fs ec gufrrc
fsporotuce.
Hoafrfmtfs fstuholsls hf ecs Fsdroturcs jcm hfaomohl fstf dlmdfptl hf
kcmfrc hostomtc.yTom
kãs dlkpeftcs kãsfkbcrgl, fmtfmhfkls
bëbeodcs quf ltrcs. Fmquf cegumcs echfaomodolmfs
pcrtoduecr, hfaomodoôm slm
alrkuechc plr fe cutlr Xjlkcs B. Wjotf fs bcstcmtf þtoe pcrc cyuhcrmls c
fmtfmhfr ec dlkpefnohch hf ec hokfmsoôm
hok fmsoôm hf fstc gufrrc. Tfgþm Wjotf> ―Ec
gufrrc fsporotuce fs um dlmaeodtl kuetomovfe fmtrf fe bofm y fe kce, omodochl
fm fe pecml slbrfmcturce dlm ec rfbfeoôm prfjostôrodc hf Eudoafr, y
trcmsafrohl ce pecml mcturce dlm ec dcëhc
dcë hc hfe jlkbrf. . . Hfbohl c quf
Tctcmãs fs fe cutlr f omodochlr hfe pfdchl lrogomce, y yc quf ïe fs fe ‚hols
hf fstf kumhl‟, ec gufrrc fsporotuce omvleudrc
o mvleudrc umc bctceec dlmstcmtf y
kuetohokfmsolmce dlmtrc fe kumhl (um sostfkc hf vcelrfs ml pochlsls), ec
dcrmf (feaodcdoôm
pfrslmoaodc
pfrslmo pfdchl omjfrfmtf
doôm slbrfmctur
slbr c mufstrc
fmcturce
ce kce)jukcmohch),
hfe kce).‛
.‛ 1 y fe hocbel (ec
El prokfrl quf fstc hfaomodoôm mls pfrkotf
pfrkot f vfr fs quf ec gufrrc fsporotuce
dlkfmzô fm els dofels, cmtfs hf ec drfcdoôm hfe kumhl. Chfkãs,
Chfkãs, Wjotf
hfnc decrckfmtf fstcbefdohl quf sf trctc
tr ctc hf umc bctceec dlmtomuc y fmactozc
quf ec koskc fs kuetohokfmsolmce, pufs sf eobrc dlmtrc trfs fsafrcs hf
lplsodoôm> fe kumhl, ec dcrmf y fe hocbel. Ylr el gfmfrce, mlsltrls
tfmhfkls
slbrf tlhlcfm
duepcr
kfholce hf
kumhl y / l c Tctcmãs
ec gfmfrcdoôm hf tlhl
tcm hoaëdoe ducmtl
fm quf mls ldurrf,
fstckls vovofmhl.
Ml lbstcmtf, mo fe ku
kumhl
mhl mo Tctcmãs
Tctc mãs slm mufstrls
mufst rls pflrfs
pflr fs dlmtromdcmt
dlmtr omdcmtfs.
fs. Ec
rfceohch fs quf plhfkls tlkcr c umc pfrslmc y cosecrec hfe kumhl, y fsf
omhovohul tlhcvëc tofmf quf eobrcr umc gufrrc fsporotuce
fsporot uce fm su omtfrolr
hfbohl c ec mcturcefzc pfdchlrc quf jfrfhô hf mufstrls prlgfmotlrfs. Hf
klhl quf, mufstrl promdopce fmfkogl slkls mlsltrls koskls, fs hfdor, fe
pfdchl quf klrc
k lrc hfmt
hfmtrl
rl hf mlsltrls
mlslt rls y quf sf kcmoao
k cmoaofstc
fstc fm eels
ls
pfmsckofmtls
pfmsck ofmtls hf orc,

rfsfmtokofmtl, lhol, kcehch, dfels l fmvohoc y hfkãs quf arfdufmtfkfmtf

mls cscetcm y quf hftlmcm umc bctceec fm mufstrl kumhl omtfrolr o mtfrolr.. Momgumc
pcecbrcc l cddoôm scef
pcecbr s cef hf mufstrls
mufs trls ecbols
e cbols som
s om quf jcyc sohl
s ohl prldfschl
prldf schl plr
mufstrcs kfmtfs prokfrl
prok frl (Ttg 8>3-2). Ec lplsodoôm prlvofmf fm prokfr
eugcr hf mufstrc dcrmf0 eufgl hfe kumhl hf pfdchl quf mls rlhfc r lhfc y,y,
aomcekfmtf, hf ec kcml hf Tctcmãs, quofm tckboïm tofmf to fmf um rle quf nugcr fm
mufstrc dlmtrc.
EC RFCEOHCH HF EC GVFRRC

Dlkl yc jfkls
cpfrdobohls hf elceuhohl,
quf fs ececgufrrc
kcylrëc hf els drfyfmtfs
fsporotuce, c pfscr hfvovfm
quf pldl
tfmfkls tfxtls
t fxtls
bëbeodls
bëbeo dls kuy decrls
de crls y dlmdeuyfmt
dlmd euyfmtfs
fs slbrf fstf
f stf tfkc.
t fkc. Vml hf fsls tfxtls
t fxtls el
el
fmdlmtrckls fm ec dcrtc hfe cpôstle Ycbel c ec ogefsoc fm Ïafsl, ec duce
hodf>
―Ylrquf mufstrc eudjc ml fs dlmtrc scmgrf y dcrmf, soml dlmtrc
promdopchls,
promdo pchls, dlmtrc pltfstchfs, dlmtrc els plhfrfs hf fstf kumhl hf
tomofbecs, dlmtrc ecs aufrzcs fsporotucefs hf kcehch fm ecs rfgolmfs
dfefstfs‛. (Fa 1>320 ïmacsos cóchohl)
Fstf fs um pcscnf kuy
k uy dlmldohl y quf kudjls drfyfmtfs pufhfm omdeusl
dotcr hf kfklroc.
kfklro c. Tom fkbcrgl, pldls slm els quf sf hftofmfm c rfaefxolmcr
fm ecs okpeodcdolmfs hf fstc okplrtcmtf hfdecrcdoôm bëbeodc. El prokfrl
quf Ycbel hfstcdc pcrc jcdfrmls vfr ec lplsodoôm
lplsodo ôm quf tlhl drfyfmtf rfdobf
fm ec gufrrc fsporotuce fs jcdfr usl rfpftohl hf ec prfplsodoôm ―dlmtrc‛ fm
um slel dlkl
kumhl vfrsëduel. Ylr ltrl
um kumhl ―hfechl, mltf dôkl
tomofbecs‛, fe cpôstle
rfaoroïmhlsf dlmdceoaodc
fstl cemufstrl
kumhl hf
pfdchl fm quf vovokls
vo vokls.. Csokoskl,
Csokos kl, ecs aufrzcs
a ufrzcs fsporo
f sporotuce
tucefsfs quf mls csfhocm
cs fhocm
slm hfsdrotcs fm hodjl pcscnf dlkl ―aufrzcs fsporotucefs
fsporot ucefs hf kcehch‛. Fm
ltrcs pcecbrcs, ml sf trctc hf aufrzcs quf pltfmdocekfmtf puhofrcm
jcdfrmls hcól, soml quf
quf ec mcturcefzc koskc
ko skc hf fscs aufrzcs fs fe kce. k ce.
Feecs vovfm dlmtomuckfmtf trckcmhl y jcdofmhl gufrrc fm mufstrc dlmtrc
plrquf ml jcy mchc bufml fm su mcturcef
mct urcefzc.
zc. _ dlkl so tlhlt lhl el cmtfrolr
cmt frolr ml
aufrc suaodofmtf, fstcs fmtohchfs fstãm fm ecse cs rfgolmfs dfefstfs, el quf
okpeodc quf mlsltrls, dlkl sfrfs jukcmls, slkls omdcpcdfs hf pfmftrcr
elshfscrrleecm
sf eugcrfs hlmhf fstcs aufrzcs
y lpfrcm. fxostfm y vfr fxcdtckfmtf hf quï kcmfrc
Hftrãs hf
tlhl ducmtl mls rlhfc jcy umc rfceohch kcylr quf arfdufmtfkfmtf ml
pfrdobokls
pfrdob okls,, pfrl quf mfdfsotck
mfdfs otckls
ls dlmldfr kfnlr
k fnlr so fs quf qufrfkls
qufr fkls
troumacr fm ec bctceec dlmtrc fe pfdchl.
YRFYCRCDOÔM HFE DCKYL HF BCXCEEC
To cegl scbfkls fs quf Hols prfpcrô fe fsdfmcrol hlmhf fe hrckc hf ec
gufrrc fsporotuce tfmhrëc eugcr.
eugcr. Caorkckls fstl plrquf fe rfectl bëbeodl
bëbeo dl
rfvfec quf hfshf cmtfs hf ec aumhcdoôm hfe kumhl Hols dlmldëc quf umc
rfbfeoôm jcbrëc hf ldurror.
ldurror. Hf jfdjl, fm hls ldcsolmfs hostomtcs
hosto mtcs sf jcbec hf
quf Drostl fs fe Dlrhfrl omklechl quf fstcbc
fst cbc prfpcrchl hfshf cmtfs hf ec
aumhcdoôm hfe kumhl (3 Y 3>290 Cp 34>:). _ so Drostl auf omklechl
o mklechl hfshf
cmtfs hf ec aumhcdoôm
a umhcdoôm hfe kumhl fs plrquf Hols scbëc hf cmtfkcml quf
ldurrorëc umc rfbfeoôm quf rfqufrorëc ec
e c kufrtf hf Drostl y plstfrolr
rfsurrfddoôm pcrc tfrkomcr dlm ec rfbfeoôm. Hf klhl quf quf,, ce drfcr fe
kumhl el quf Hols jcdf fs prfpcrcr fe tfctrl hlmhf fe hrckhrckcc tfmhrëc eugcr.
eugcr.
Yrfpcrchl fe tfctrl els
e ls prokfrls hls cdtlrfs,
cdt lrfs, Chãm y Fvc, aufrlm drfchls.
drfchls.
Ckbls aufrlmhfdrfchls
omstruddolmfs c okcgfm
pcrt f hf
pcrtf y sfkfncmzc
sfkfn
su Drfchlr.
Drfchlr cmzc
. Fm fe hf hfe
eobrl
e obrl HolsGïmfsos
y rfdobofrlm
effklsdecrcs
quf
 bfmho nl y efs honl > ―Tfcm afdumhls y kuetopeëqufmsf. Eefmfm ec
Hols els bfmhonl
tofrrc y slkïtcmec. . .‛ (Gm 3>2:c). Ec prokfrc fmdlkofmhc pcrc Chãm y
Fvc auf prldrfcr umc hfsdfmhfmdoc
hfsdfmhfmdoc quf puhofrc eefmcr tlhc ec to tofrrc
frrc hf ec
okcgfm hf Hols y fnfrdfr hlkomol slbrf tlhl el quf fe Tfólr jcbëc drfchl.
Fe pecmftc fmtfrl efs ―pfrtfmfdfrëc‛ c feels
fee ls y feels sfrëcm els rrfgfmtfs
fgfmtfs hf
Hols fmy hufól
Tfólr ec tofrrc.
hfeEl þmodl
dofel y ecquf mfdfsot
mfdfsotcbcm
tofrrc y, cbcm
y, plr rfdlrhcr
tcmtl, fsquf
tlhl el qufjcbrëc
Hols fshffe
ldurror fm ec drfcdoôm fstcrëc
fstcrë c bcnl Tu sfólrël.
Hfspuïs hf plmfr hfecmtf hf feels
Hfspuïs fe els su prlpôsotl hf vohc,
vo hc, Hols efs jozl umc
slec chvfrtfmdoc> ―_ fe TFÓL
TFÓLR R Hols lrhfmô ce jlkbrf> «Hf tlhl ãrble hfe
jufrtl plhrãs dlkfr, pfrl hfe ãrble hfe dlmldokofmtl hfe bofm y hfe kce
ml dlkfrãs, plrquf fe hëc quf hf ïe dlkcs, dofrtckfmtf klrorãs°‛
klro rãs°‛ (Gm
2>31-37). Fstf ãrble, duyl arutl fstcbc prljobohl dlkfr, aufa uf dleldchl fm fe
kfhol hfe jufrtl. Kudjls puhofrcm dufstolmcr plr quï Hols plmhrëc
hfecmtf hf feels ec dcusc hf ec dcëhc. ¼Ylr quï ml ubodcrel bofm cpcrtchl hf
feels0 fm um eugcr pldl vosobef hlmhf ml eeckcrc kudjl
k udjl ec ctfmdoôm<
Bufml,, plr ec Ycecbrc mlsltrls scbfkls quf fe ãrble fm së k
Bufml koskl
oskl ml frc
umc tfmtcdoôm plrquf momgumc tfmtcdoôm prlvofmf hf Hols (Ttg 3>34). Fe
ãrble puhl jcbfr
sohl umc prufbc y ecs prufbcs plmfm hf kcmoaofstl mufstrc aohfeohch c
Hols.
To Chãm y Fvc
Fvc ml plhëcm rfsostor ec ctrcddoôm
ct rcddoôm hf umc arutc dlm tcmtls
ãrblefs hosplmobefs, kudjl kfmls rfsostorëcm
rfso storëcm umc tfmtcdoôm
t fmtcdoôm kcylr.
kcylr. Drfl
quf fstc prokfrc prufbc pusl hf kcmoaofstl quf ec drocturc hfsfc sfr
cutômlkc y plr tcmtl ml hfpfmhofmtf hf su Drfchlr.
HLT RFOMLT TF FMDVFMXRCM FM DLMHODOLMFT HF YC^,
YFRL DLM OMXFMDOÔM HF GVFRRC
Fe omodol hf ec gufrrc fsporotuce fm ec tofrrc fstã rfgostrchl fm fe dcpëtuel 4
hfe eobrl hf Gïmfsos, hlmhf
hlmhf vfkls dôkl fm um hëc ducequofrc, hls rfomls
lpufstls sf fmdufmtrcm. Fe rfoml hf Hols, rfprfsfmtchl fm ec tofrrc
to frrc plr
Chãm y Fvc,
Fvc, y fe rfoml
rfo ml hf Tctcmãs, quofm fm fstc ldcsoôm hfdohf prfsfmtcrsf
cmtf feels fm alrkc hf sfrpofmtf.
sfrpofmt f. Tfgþm fe rfectl bëbeodl, fstl auf el quf
sudfhoô>
―Ec sfrpofmtf frc kãs cstutc quf ducequofrc hf els cmokcefs
cmok cefs hfe dckpl quf
fe TFÓLR Hols jcbëc jfdjl. _ honl c ec kunfr> «¼Dlmquf Hols efs jc
hodjl>
―Ml dlkfrãm hf momgþm ãrble hfe jufrtl<‛°. Ec kunfr rfsplmhoô c ec ec
sfrpofmtf> «Hfe arutl hf els ãrblefs hfe jufrtl plhfkls dlkfr0 pfrl hfe
arutl hfe ãrble quf fstã fm kfhol hfe jufrtl, Hols jc hodjl> ―Ml dlkfrãm
hf ïe, mo el tldcrãm, pcrc quf ml kufrcm‛°. _ ec sfrpofmtf honl c eecc kunfr>
«Dofrtckfmtf ml klrorãm. Yufs Hols scbf quf fe hëc quf hf ïe dlkcm, sf
efs cbrorãm els lnls y ustfhfs sfrãm dlkl
dlk l Hols, dlmldofmhl
dlmldofmhl fe bofm y fe
kce°.

Ducmhl ec kunfr
Ducmhl kun fr vol quf fe ãrble
ãr ble frc bufml pcrc dlkfr, y quf frc
cgrchcbef c els lnls, y quf fe ãrble frc hfsfcbef pcrc cedcmzcr scbohurëc,
tlkô hf su arutl
ar utl y dlkoô. Xckboïm
Xckboïm hol c ssuu kcrohl quf fstcbc dlm feec,
fe ec, y
ïe dlkoô.
Fmtlmdfs aufrlm cbofrtls els lnls hf ckbls, y dlmldofrlm quf fstcbcm
hfsmuhls0 y dlsofrlm jlncs hf jogufrc y sf jodofrlm hfecmtcefs‛. (Gm 4>3-7)
Ec dlmvfrscdoôm fmtrf ec kunfr y ec sfrpofmtf pcrfdf hcrsf fm dlmhodolmfs
hf pcz, pfrl fm fsc dlmvfrscdoôm jcy vcrocs hoaoduetchfs
hoao duetchfs quf ml
mfdfscrockfmtf sf pufhfm lbsfrvcr c prokfrc vostc y quf fvohfmdocm quf ec
omtfmdoôm
prok
prokfr uetfrolr
fr eugcr,
eugc hf quf
r, vfkls qecufsfrpofmtf ml frc
fm su cuhcdoc
cuhcdo c ececsfrpofmtf
pczpofmtf
sfr mo fe ef
bofm,
prfssoml
fmtôecc gufrrc.
prfsfmtô Chãm y Fm
c
Fvc umc supufstc bfmhodoôm, um supufstl kfnlrckofmtl hf su dlmhodoôm,
pfrl tlhl fe
f e tofkpl
to fkpl efs
ef s lduetô
lduet ô ecs dlmsfdufmdoc
dlms fdufmdocss aumfstcs
aumfst cs quf vfmhrëcm
vfmhr ëcm
prlhudt l hf su hfslbfhofmdoc.
prlhudtl hfslbfho fmdoc. _ csë fsf s dlkl ldurrf
ldur rf jly fm hëc fm mufstr
mufstrcs
cs
vohcs. Ducmhl
Ducmhl ecs tfmtcdolmfs
tfmtcdo lmfs eefgcm c mlsltrls, hfe topl
t opl quf sfcm, ec pcrtf
hf ec lafrtc quf sf vf fs ctrcdtovc,
ctrcdt ovc, jcecgchlrc y sfhudtlrc. Hf klhl quf,
ecs dlmsfdufmdocs lduetcs hftrãs hf feecs ml pufhfm sfr vostcs hfshf fe
omodol, pufs fsf fs prfdosckfmtf fe hosfól
hos fól hf ec tfmtcdoôm. Fs dlkl um
rfgcel fmvufetl hf alrkc kuy jfrklsc, pfrl hfbcnl hfe ctrcdtovl pcpfe,
bcnl ec supufstc
s upufstc bfmhodo
bf mhodoôm,
ôm, jcy um vfmfml fsdlmhohl
fsdl mhohl quf mls pufhf
puf hf eefvcr
eef vcr
c ec kufrtf. Fm fstf dcsl, umc slec dlmvfrscdoôm trcnl dlkl rfsuetchl ecs
prokfrcs
prok frcs hls vëdtokcs
vëdto kcs hf ec
e c gufrrc.
gufrrc . Tu dcëhc prlhunl
prlh unl ec k
kufrtf
ufrtf fsporo
f sporotuce
tuce
ml slel hf feels, soml tckboïm hf tlhc su auturc hfsdfmhfmdoc.
EC XFMX
X FMXCDOÔM
CDOÔM
Rfvosfkls pcsl plr pcsl dôkl sf hol fstc prokfrc tfmtcdoôm y dcëhc hfe
jlkbrf pcrc csë plhfr fmtfmhfr dôkl fs quf ec tfmtcdoôm lpfrc fm mufstrcs
vohcs. El prokfrl c mltcr fs quf Gïmfsos 4 rfvfec quf ec tfmtcdoôm eefgô
plr kfhol
kfho l hf «cegl° tcm
t cm mcturce
mcturc e dlkl umu m cmokce
cmokc e hfe jufrtl.
juf rtl. Chãm y Fvc
vovëcm fm um jufrtl, plr tcmtl, pcrc feels frc mlrkce fstcr rlhfchls
r lhfchls hf
pecmtcss y cmokcefs.
pecmtc cmok cefs. Hf fsc kosk
k oskcc kcmfrc,
kcmfr c, ducmhl ec tfmtcdo
t fmtcdoôm
ôm eefgc
eefg c c
mufstrcs vohcs, fstc usucekfmtf sf prfsfmtc plr kfhol hf cegl ce gl l hf ceguofm
quf mls rfsuetc tcm mcturce l ackoeocr
acko eocr quf ml mls sfmtokls ckfmczchls plr
ec lafrtc, ducequofrc quf sfc.
s fc. Hf klhl quf, jcy umc grcm vfrhch hftrãs hf
ec plpuecr arcsf fm mufstrc dueturc quf hodf quf «fm ec dlmaocmzc fs quf
fstã fe pfeogrl°.
pfeo grl°. _ fs quf, Tctcmãs scbf kuy bofm dôkl jcdf ecs dlscs,
pufs ducmhl ïe hfdohf tfmtcr
t fmtcr c Chãm, ec lafrtc
lafrt c ec jcdf pl
plrr kfhol
kfho l hf Fvc,
plrquf,
¼quï plhëc sfr kãs mcturce pcrc Chãm quf su prlpoc fsplsc< Fstl
Fstl okpeodc
okpeo dc
quf ducequofr pfrslmc l dlsc fm mufstrl fmtlrml pufhf sfr uschc plr
Tctcmãs pcrc jcdfrmls dcfr.
Ylr ltrl echl, mltf quf Gïmfsos 4>3 hodf quf ec tfmtcdoôm voml c tr
trcvïs
cvïs hf
ec sfrpofmtf, quf frc kãs cstutc quf ducequofrc hf els
e ls cmokcefs hfe dckpl
quf
Holsfetuvl
Tfólr jcbëc jfdjl.
fe duohchl Fstf hftceef
hf hfncrel ml fstã
pecskchl fst
fmãsucjëYcecbrc
plr cddohfmtf, soml qufy
pcrc chvfrtormls
cyuhcrmls c fmtfmhfr quf Tctcmãs fs fe sfr kãs cstutl dlmtrc fe duce
tfmhrfkls quf eudjcr.
eudjcr. Ïe dlmldf els fafdtls quf ec e c dcëhc tuvl fm fe jlkbrf
y scbf kuy bofm duãefs slm mufstrcs hfboeohchfs y dôkl pufhf uscrecs fm
mufstrc dlmtrc. Ylr tcmtl, hfbfkls fstcr sofkprf cefrtc
cefrt c pcrc ml hfncrmls
fmgcócr plr ïe.
Hf oguce kcmfrc, fe cblrhcnf hf Tctcmãs tckboïm tofmf cegl quf hfdormls
fm ducmtl c su kcmfrc hf lpfrcr.
lpfrcr. El mlrkce jubofsf sohl quf ïe sf cdfrdcrc
prokfrl
prok
puhl frl c Chãm,
jcbfr dcë hl,pufs
dcëhl, pfrlfmsorfceoh
rChãm
fceohch
ch
mlsudcëc
dcëlbnftovl
lbnft ovl dlm
c numtl dml
lmfrc
feecFvc,
Fvc
feec, , soml
, Hols Chãm. Fvc
plhëc
dlkfmzcr hf mufvl dlm Chãm, pufspufs auf dlm ïe quf omodoô
o modoô tlhl ducmhl hf su
dlstoeec alrkô
a lrkô c Fvc. Hf jfdjl, fe eobrl hf Rlkcmls caorkc quf fe pfdchl
fmtrô fm fe kumhl
k umhl plr kfhol hf um jlkbrf (Rl 6>32), pufs auf Chãm quofm
horfdtckfmtf rfdoboô fe kcmhctl hf ml dlkfr hfe arutl hfe ãrble. Hf cjë
quf, hfshf um promdopol ec kftc
kft c hf Tctcmãs frc jcdfr dcfr c Chãm. Tom
fkbcrgl,
prlbcbe
prlbcbef ïe scbëc
f quf qufrfsuet
su pecm ml hfbëc
r fsuetcrc o r horfdtckfmtf
or
crc sfr kuy lbvol.
lbvo l. Fmhlmhf Chãm
Chãmc,plrquf
su cstudoc,
cstudo Tctcmãsfrc
sscbëc
cbëc
quf ec kfnlr kcmfrc hf eefgcr
ee fgcr jcstc Chãm frc hf alrkc omhorfdtc, c trcvïs
hf Fvc. Ec
Ec koskc fstrctfgoc
fst rctfgoc quf ïe utoeozc
utoeo zc dlm Nlb ducmhl c trcvïs hf su
fsplsc ef hodf> ―¼Cþm dlmsfrvcs tu omtfgrohch< Kcehodf c Hols y kuïrftf‛
(Nlb 2>?). ¡Decrl! Ylrquf, ¼quoïm slspfdjcrëc hf ec pfrslmc quf sf suplmf
hfbf tfmfr mufstrl kcylr bofm fm kfmtf< Mufstrl prokfr omstomtl
omsto mtl mumdc
sfrëc vfr c mufstrl dômyugf dlkl um omstrukfmtl hf Tctcmãs, pfrl fm
ckbls hf fstls dcsls csë el auf. _ el koskl plhrëckls
plhrëck ls hfdor hf Tcrcj
ducmhl larfdoô su drochc c Cbrcjck.
EC FTXRCXFGOC> EC HOTXLRTOÔM HF EC YCECBRC
Hfspuïs hf cblrhcr c Fvc, Tctcmãs utoeozc
Hfspuïs utoeo zc umc prfgumtc pcrc omvleudrcrec
fm umc dlmvfrscdoôm quf feec nckãs hfboô jcbfr tfmohl. ¼Ef jc pcschl quf
fm ldcsolmfs sf jc vostl omvleudrchl fm dlmvfrscdolmfs dlkpefncs quf
dlkfmzcrlm dlm umc prfgumtc
prfgumtc kuy sfmdoeec< Ml jcy alrkc kãs suto sutoee hf
ctrcfr ec ctfmdoôm hf ceguofm quf jcdoïmhlef umc prfgumtc. Fm fstf dcsl, ec
sfrpofmtf honl c Fvc> ―¼Dlmquf
―¼Dlmquf Hols efs jc hodjl> ‚‚Ml Ml dlkfrãm hf momgþm
ãrble hfe jufrtl‟<‛ (Gm 4>3b). Fe fmfkogl dlkfmzôdlk fmzô jcbeãmhlef hf Hols,
umc fstrctfgoc kuy cstutc plrquf sf trctcbc
trct cbc hf ceguofm quf c Fvc ef frc
ackoeocr. Fsl
Fsl jozl quf feec sf omtfrfscrc rãpohckfmtf
r ãpohckfmtf fm ec dlmvfrscdoôm. Fe
prlbefkcc fs quf Tctcmãs
prlbefk Tctc mãs ef fstcbc
fs tcbc tfmhofmhl
t fmhofmhl umc trckpc
trck pc c ec kunfr,
k unfr, pufs
fm su prfgumtc sf fsdlmhëc umc hostlrsoôm
hostlrso ôm hf ec vfrhch hf Hols.
Ml frc dofrtl
dofrt l quf Hols efs jcbëc prljobohl
prl jobohl dlkfr
d lkfr hf tlhls
t lhls els ãrblefs
ã rblefs hfe
jufrtl. Ylr fe dlmtrcrol, Hols efs honl> ―H
―Hff tlhl ãrble hfe jufrtl plhrãs
dlkfr, pfrl hfe ãrble hfe
hf e dlmldokofmt
dlmldo kofmtll hfe bofm
bof m y hfe kce ml dlkfrãs,
dlkfr ãs,
plrquf fe hëc quf hf ïe dlkcs,
dlkcs , dofrtckfmtf klrorãs‛ (Gm 2>31-37, ïmacsos

cóchohl). Fsc fs ec koskc fstrctfgoc

fstrct fgoc hf els acesls kcfst
kcfstrls
rls hf jly fm hëc.
Xlkcm ec Ycecbrc hf Hols, ec effm
e ffm arfmtf c ec
e c dlmgrfgcdoôm, y eufgl ec
hostlrsolmcm. _ cqufeels quf ml fstãm cefrtc slm aãdoekfmtf fmgcóchls
plrquf ec Ycecbrc hf
h f Hols auf prfvockf
prf vockfmtf
mtf efëhc,
ef ëhc, kcs feels
feel s ml sf
pfrdctcrlm
pfrdct crlm hf quf fm um klkfmt
k lkfmtll hchl fe prfhodchlr
prf hodchlr sf hfspfgô hf ecec
Ycecbrc, dlkfmzô c nugcr dlm feec y tfrkomô hostlrsolmãmhlec.
hostlrso lmãmhlec. Fsl auf
fxcdtckfmtf el quf Tctcmãs jozl fm fe ncrhëm hfe Fhïm.
Cjlrc bofm, ec dlmvfrscdoôm fmtrf Fvc y ec sfrpofmtf sf s f dlkpeodc cþm kãs
k ãs
ducmhl Fvc hfdohf cgrfgcref y, y, c ec vfz, rfstcref cegl
ce gl c el quf Hols yc
jcbëc rfvfechl. Feec rfsplmhf c Tctcmãs hodofmhl> ―Hfe arutl hf els ãrblefs
hfe jufrtl plhfkls dlkfr0 pfrl hfe arutl hfe ãrbleãr ble quf fstã fm kfhol hfe
jufrtl, Hols jc hodjl> ―Ml dlkfrãm hf ïe, mo el tldcrãm, pcrc quf ml
kufrcm‛ (Gm 4>2-4, ïmacsos cóchohl). Suozãs, fm su caãm plr ml dlkfr hfe
arutl hfe ãrble, fmtrf
fmtr f Chãm y Fvc sf jcbëcm pufstl hf cdufrhl fm mo
soquofrc tldcr fe ãrble, pfrl fm momgþm klkfmtl Hols efs prljoboô tldcr
hodjl ãrble.
Feels cgrfgcrlm cegl ―pfqufól‛ c ec rfvfecdoôm hf Hols. El quf pcrfdoô
pfqufól ml frc omsogmo
o msogmoaodcmt
aodcmtf.
f. Mumdc hfbfkls ctrfvfrm
ct rfvfrmls
ls c fhot
fhotcr
cr c Hols
dlkl cegumls yc jcm hodjl. Fsl Fsl koskl ldurroô dlm els aacrosfls
crosfls koefs hf
cóls hfspuïs. Suosofrlm
Suosofrlm prfsfrvcr tcmtl
t cmtl ec efy hf Hols quf tfrkomcrlm
cgrfgãmhlef dofmtls hf rfgecs y kcmhckofmtls dlm fe lbnftovl hf fvotcr
volefmtcr hodjc efy.
efy. Yfrl, tce y dlkl sudfhoô dlm Fvc, tcm prlmtl mls
ctrfvfkls c cgrfgcr cegl c el rfvfechl, jfkls druzchl umc eëmfc.
Ogucekfmtf ldurrf so rfstckls
rfst ckls c el rfvfechl plr Hols. Fm ckbls dcls,
suarokls ecs dlmsfdufmdocs. Hols jcbëc chvfrtohl quf fe hëc fm quf feels
dlkofrcm hfe ãrble, dofrtckfmtf klrorëcm . Fvc dlmvfrsc dlm Tctcmãs y ef
hodf quf Hols jcbëc prljobohl tldcr fe ãrble, y dlkl honokls, fstl
rfprfsfmtô umc chodoôm c Tu Ycecbrc. Yfrl ce koskl tofkpl dlkftoô dlkft oô fe
frrlr (pfdchl) hf hfncr aufrc ec pcecbrc ―dofrtckfmtf‛,
―dofrt ckfmtf‛, el duce rfprfsfmtô
umc substrcddoôm. Fvc, rfstô slbrofhch c ec omstruddoôm
omst ruddoôm hf Hols y csë pcrfdf
jcbfr eefgchl c ec dlmdeusoôm hf quf ec sfmtfmdoc hf kufrtf frc tcm slel sle l
umc plsoboeohch. _ Tctcmãs, umc vfz kãs, hf alrkc cstutc,
cstut c, feogf uscr ec
pcecbrcc quf Fvc hfnô aufrc
pcecbr a ufrc pcrc
pcr c hostlrsolm
host lrsolmcr
cr cþm kãs
kã s el rfvfechl
rfvf echl y elgrcr
el grcr
fmgcócr c ec kunfr.
kunfr. _ csë honl>
hon l> ―Dofrtckfmtf ml klrorãm. Yufs Hols scbf
quf fe hëc quf hf ïe dlkcm, sf efs cbrorãm els lnls y ustfhfs
ust fhfs sfrãm dlkl
Hols, dlmldofmhl
dlmldofmhl fe bofm y fe kce‛ (Gm 4>8-6, ïmacsos cóchohl). Tctcmãs
usô umc pcecbrc (dofrtckfmtf)
(dofrtck fmtf) uschc plr Hols pcrc mfgcr el quf Hols jcbëc
caorkchl.
EC FTXRCXFGOC> DVFTXOLMCR FE DCRÃDXFR HF HOLT
Ce hostlrsolmcr ec Ycecbrc hf Hols, Tctcmãs busdc plmfr fm huhc fe dcrãdtfr
hf Hols. Ïe
Ïe fstrctïgodckfmtf
fstrctïgodck fmtf usc pcecbrcs quf rfsuetcm ackoeocrfs
ackoe ocrfs c Fvc
pcrc dlm feecs
fe ecs dufstolmcr
dufs tolmcr ec blmhch hf Hols.
Hols . Ïe trct
trctcc hf dlmvfmdfr c ec
kunfr hf quf fe lbnftovl hf ec prljobodoôm
prljobodo ôm hf Hols frc quf feels mumdc
eefgcrcm c sfr dlkl Ïe. Hf kcmfrc quf, Tctcmãs efs prfsfmtc ec tfmtcdoôm
(dlkfr hfe ãrble) umohc c umc supufstc bfmhodoôm (sfr dlkl Hols).
Fmtlmdfs, ―ducmhl
―ducmhl ec kunfr vol quf fe ãrble frcfr c bufml pcrc dlkfr, y quf
frc cgrchcbef c els lnls, y quf fe ãrble frc hfsfcbef pcrc cedcmzcr
scbohurëc, tlkô hf su arutl y dlkoô‛ (Gm 4>1c).

Ec tfmtcdoôm fmtrô plr els sfmtohls y eefvô c Fvc c dlmdeuor frrômfckfmtf,

pufs ec rfceo
r fceohch
hch fs quf Chãm y Fvc ml mfdfsotcbc
mfdfs otcbcmm eefgc
eefgcrr c sfr dlkl
dl kl Hols,
yc quf feels aufrlm jfdjls c su okcgfm y sfkfncmzc. Ec prlpufstc hf eecc
sfrpofmtf ef slmô ctrcdtovc plrquf ¼quoïm ml hfsfcrëc drfdfr fm scbohurëc<0
¼quoïm pcscrëc plr cetl ec lplrtumohch hf eefgcr c sfr dlkl Hols< H Hff
jfdjl, ec prlkfsc pcrc mlsltrls els drfyfmtfs fs quf ―ducmhl Drostl sf
kcmoaofstf, sfrfkls sfkfncmtfs
s fkfncmtfs c Ïe, plrquf el vfrfkls dlkl Ïe fs‛ (3 Nm
4>2). Tom fkbcrgl, Tctcmãs efs larfdf um ctcnl y efs csfgurc quf dlm tcm
slel dlkfr hfe arutl hfe ãrble
ãr ble feels hf omkfhoctl sfrëcm
sfrë cm dlkl Hols.

Fsc auftlhls
Drostl ec koskc fst rctfgoc
fstrctfgoc
els rfomls qufkumhl
hf fstf ïe usôcfm fe hfsofrtl
dckbolhfsofrt l ducmhl
hf su larfdoô
chlrcdoôm c ?),
(Kt 8>?),
8>
cum scbofmhl quf fvfmtucekfmtf tlhl sfrëc fmtrfgchl
fmt rfgchl fm kcmls hfe Jonl
plr fe Ychrf.
Ychr f. Dlmtrcrol
Dlmtrcro l c Drostl, Fvc ml supl
s upl hosdfrmor
hosdfr mor quf fstcbc
f stcbc arfmtf
a rfmtf c
umc tfmtcdoôm y tfrkomô
tfrk omô hfslbfhfdofmhl c Hols pfmscmhl fm tlhl
klkfmtl quf fstcrëc rfdobofmhl
rfdobo fmhl umc bfmhodoôm. Eckfmtcbefkfmtf, ec
kcylrëc hf els prlbefkcs hf els jonls
jo nls hf Hols jcm eefgchl y sfguorãm
eefgcmhl proklrhocekfmtf plr umc acetc hf scbohurëc y hf hosdfrmokofmtl.
To dlmldoïrckls bofm ec Ycecbrc hf Hols y hosdfrmoïrckls dlrrfdtckfmtf
fm bcsf c el rfvfechl, ml jcy huhc hf quf sofkprf
sofk prf fsdlgfrëckls bofm.
CHÃM ML
ML TVYL YFRKCMFDFR AORKF
AO RKF
Eufgl hf dlkfr hfe arutl, Fvc ―hol c su kcrohl quf fstcbc dlm fe feec,
ec, y ïe
dlkoô‛ (Gm 4>1b). Yrlbcbefkfmtf, Chãm tfmëc tlhcs sus bcrrfrcs cbcnl
plrquf quofm
quo fm ef fstcbc
fst cbc hcmhl c dlkfr
dlk fr hfe arutl
a rutl frc
fr c su prlpoc
prlpo c fsplsc, y c
momgþm fsplsl ef pcscrëc plr ec kfmtf quf ec dfmc quf su kunfr ef jc
prfpcrc
prfpcrchl
scbfklshldlmfstãfxcdtotuh
fmvfmfmchc
fm vfmfmchc y efChãm
el quf vc c fstcbc
prlvldcr ec kufrtf.
kulfrtf.
pfmscmhl
pfmscmh Fm klkfmtl,
fm fsf rfceohc
rf ceohch,
h, ml
pfrl
ml jcy huhc hf quf ïe ml supl pfrkcmfdfr aorkf ao rkf fm ec plsodoôm quf Hols ef
jcbëc fmtrfgchl y plr fsl hfslbfhfdoô
hfslbfhfdoô y dlkoô tckboïm
tckbo ïm hfe arutl
prljobohl.
prljobo hl.
Xcm prlmtl fsl ldurroô,
ldurro ô, ―aufrlm cbofrtls els lnls hf ckbls, y dlmldofrlm
quf fstcbcm hfsmuhls0 y dlsofrlm jlncs hf jogufrc y sf s f jodofrlm
hfecmtcefs‛
(Gm 4>7).
Fm ltrcs pcecbrcs, Chãm y Fvc sf umofrlm c ec rfbfeoôm
rfbfeo ôm hf Tctcmãs y dlkl
rfsuetchl sf prlhunl ec chquosodoôm hf umc mcturcefzc pfdchlrc quf
fvfmtucekfmtf sfrëc pcschc c sus auturls hfsdfmhofmtfs. Vmc rfbfeoôm quf
prlbcbefkfmt
prlbcbe fkfmtff ldurroô
ldurro ô fm fe omtfro
om tfrolr
lr hf Fvc cmtfs
cmt fs quf klrhofrc
klr hofrc fe
f e arutl,
arut l,
cumquf ec Ycecbrc ml el rfvfec, pufs tcm prlmtl feec dlhodoô fm su kfmtf
cqufeel quf Hols jcbëc prljobohl, yc fstcbc yfmhl fm dlmtrc hf el quf su
Drfchlr ef jcbëc lrhfmchl. Hfdokls
Hfdokls fstl plrquf kãs chfecmtf, fm fe
Mufvl Xfstck
Xfstckfmtl,
fmtl, Drostl
Dros tl caorkc
cao rkc quf ―tlhl fe quf korf
kor f c umc kunfr
kun fr pcrc
dlhodocrec yc dlkftoô chuetfrol
chuetfro l dlm feec fm su dlrczôm‛ (Kt 6>2:). Csë
dlkl mlsltrls
fmtfmhfkls qufpfdckls plrquf
Fvc dlkoô slkls
hfe arutl
arut pfdchlrfs
l plrquf y mlpfdchl
yc jcbëc ce rfvïs,
fm su omtfrolr
omtfrolr..
Csë pufs, Chãm
Chãm y Fvc pcscrlm hf ec sukosoôm
sukos oôm c ec rfbfeoôm.
rfbfeo ôm.
Dlm fstls mufvls ―ceochls‛, Tctcmãs fxpcmhf su gufrrc fsporotuce hfe dofel
c ec tofrrc. Xlhl
Xlhl plrquf Chãm y Fvc ml pfrkcmfdofrlm aorkaorkfs
fs fm
lbfhofmdoc ce kcmhckofmtl quf Hols efs jcbëc fmtrfgchl. Hf cjë quf,
dlkl vfrfkls kãs chfecmtf, fe prokfr eeckchl hf els drfyfmtfs fm ec
gufrrc fsporotuce fs c pfrkcmfdfr aorkfs fm ec af pcrc quf plhckls rfsostor
ecs omsohocs hfe hocbel
ho cbel (Fa 1>39-29). C mlsltrls
mlsltrls ml sf mls jc eeckchl c or
cvcmzcmhl y gcmcmhl
gcmcmhl tfrrfml fm fe dckpl hf bctceec, soml c pfrkcmfdfr
aorkfs fm ec plsodoôm quf Hols mls jc fmtrfgchl. Ylr tcmtl, ml hfbfkls
klvfrmls fm momgumc dordumstcmdoc hf ec vfrhch quf mls jc sohl rfvfechc.
EC OKCGFM
OK CGFM HF HOLT KCMDJCHC

Dlkl
pecskchc
pecsk rfsuetchl
chc hf ecbrfrfbfeoôm
fm fe jlkbrf
jlk auf k ldurrohcRfdufrhf
kcmdjchc.
cmdjchc. fm fe Fhïm,
Rfdufrh f qufecducmhl
ok
okcgfm
cgfmChãm
hf Hols
y Fvc
dlkofrlm hfe arutl sus lnls aufrlm cbofrtls
cbofrt ls y dlmldofrlm quf fstcbcm
hfsmuhls. Fmtlmdfs,
Fmtlmdfs, feels dlsofrlm jlncs hf jogufrc y sf jodofrlm
hfecmtcefs (Gm 4>7). Xcm
Xcm prlmtl fe pfdchl fmtrô fm feels,
fee ls, ckbls sf
pfrdctcrlm
pfrdct crlm hf quf
cegl cmhcbc kce f omstomtovckfmtf trctcrlm hf dubrorsf. Hf fsc koskc
kcmfrc, c el ecrgl hf ec jostlroc,
jostlro c, fe jlkbrf jc trctchl hf dubror su
vfrgõfmzc hf hoafrfmtfs alrkcs, ogmlrcmhl
o gmlrcmhl quf mufstrc vfrgõfmzc ml fs
tcmtl fxtfrmc, soml omtfrmc hfbohl ce pfdchl quf klrc fm mlsltrls.
Chãm y Fvc aufrlm drfchls c okcgfm hf Hols pcrc rfaefncr hodjc okcgfm y
glbfrmcr ec drfcdoôm bcnl fe sfólrël hf mufstrl Hols. Feels frcm fe fspfnl
quf rfaefncbc ec gelroc hfe Drfchlr.
Drfchlr. Tom fkbcrgl, fe fspfnl hf Hols ef
rfdjczô. 7 Hfshf fe klkfmtl fm quf fstc prokfrc pcrfnc dufstolmô
dufsto lmô fe
dcrãdtfr blmhchlsl hfe Tfólr, fe fspfnl hf Hols fm ec tofrrc
t ofrrc auf qufbrchl,
y ec okcgfm quf feels fstcbcm supufstls c rfaefncr
rfaefn cr dlkfmzô c eudor
hostlrsolmchc. Eckfmtcbefkfmtf, jly hëc mlsltrls mls dlkplrtckls hf ec
koskc kcmfrc
k cmfrc quf Chãm
Chãm y Fvc el jodofrlm ce huhcr hf ecs omtfmdolmfs hf
Hols pcrc mufstrcs vohcs. Ducmhl vfkls quf jfkls fstchl dckomcmhl fm
lbfhofmdoc y sorvoïmhlef plr cóls, pfrl cum csë ecs dlscs ml rfsuetcm hf ec
kcmfrc fm quf fspfrãbckls, l ml rfdobokls ecs bfmhodolmfs quf ltrls
drfyfmtfs pcrfdfm tfmfr fm cbumhcmdoc, omkfhoctckfmtf dufstolmckls ec
blmhch hf Hols, tce y dlkl eell jozl Eudoafr
Eudoa fr fm fe promdop
pr omdopol
ol y dlkl el
el
jodofrlm Chãm y Fvc fm fe Fhïm.
Dlm rfecdoôm c fsf dckbol hf mcturcefzc
mcturce fzc quf sf prlhunl prlhudtl hf ec
dcëhc, Kcrtëm Eutfrl fsdroboô el soguofmtf> ―Mufstrc mcturcefzc, plr ec
dlrrupdoôm hfe prokfr pfdchl... Pfstã[ tcm prlaumhckfmtf durvchc jcdoc së
koskc quf ml slel omdeomc
omdeo mc els kfnlrfs hlmfs hf Hols jcdoc së kosk
koskcc y els
hosarutc...,
pfrl tck pldl
tckpldl l kãs bofm
sf hc omdeusl
dufmtc
dufmt usc ctcm
c hf quf Hols koskl
pfrvfrs pcrc
pf rvfrsckfmt f, lbtfmfr
ckfmtf, durvchcfstls
y hlmfs,
drufekfmtf busdc tlhcs ecs dlscs, omdeusl c Hols, pcrc së koskl‛.
kosk l‛. : ¡Fsl
fs hfprokfmtf!
Ec mcturcefzc jukcmc fs tcm fglëstc, fstã tcm dfmtrchc fm së koskc,
ko skc, quf
dlmtomuckfmtf busdc c Hols hf kcmfrc omtfrfschc
o mtfrfschc y usc els hlmfs quf Ïe
mls
fs echcmcturcefzc
pcrc su prlpol bfmfaodol
jukcmc! fm pfrslmc
Ec þmodc vfz hf hcref tlhc
quf jc ec
e c gelroc
poschl c Hols.
ec acz ¡Fsc
hf ec tofrrc
y ml jc tfmohl
t fmohl momgþm grchl hf fglëskl fs mufstrl Tfólr Nfsudro
Nfsudrostl.
stl. X
Xlhls
lhls
mlsltrls slkls fglëstcs plr mcturcefzc c pcrtor hf ec dcëhc hf Chãm y F Fvc.
vc.
Ylr tcmtl, ducmhl ceguofm sf cdfrquf c ustfh y ef hogc quf su kcmfrc
k cmfrc hf
prldfhfr fm hftfrkomc
hftfr komchl
hl klkfmtl
klkf mtl auf um tcmtl
t cmtl fglëstc,
fglë stc, ml dlkofmdf
dlk ofmdf c
hfafmhfrsf y cdfptf quf plsobefkfmtf fxostc um fefkfmtl hf vfrhch l tlhc
ec vfrhch hftrãs hf el quf ef fstã hodofmhl plrquf fe fglëskl fs ec ec
omdeomcdoôm mcturce hfe sfr jukcml.

EC KFXC
KFXC HFE FMFKOGL>
FMFK OGL> DCKBOCRMLT
Fm ec gufrrc fsporotuce, ec kftc
kft c hfe fmfkogl fs dckbocrmls. Ycrc cedcmzcr
su lbnftovl, Tctcmãs tofmf um pecm fstrctïgodl fm tïrkomls
tïrko mls hf plr hômhf ïe
vc c dlkfmzcr c dckbocrmls. _ su prokfr lbnftovl sofkprf sfrã sfr ã dckbocr
mufstrc alrkc hf pfmscr, pufs umc vfz elgrchl fstl, ïe mls totofmf
fmf fm sus
gcrrcs. Fm fe dcsl hf Chãm y Fvc, dlkl yc kfmdolmckls, ec sfrpofmtf
elgrô quf ec arutc rfsuetcrc cgrchcbef y hfsfcbef c els lnls hf ckbls, y fsl
els eefvô c dckbocr su alrkc
a lrkc hf pfmscr fm ducmtl c el quf Hols jcbëc
lrhfmchl y dlkl dlmsfdufmdoc tfrkomcrlm
tfrk omcrlm hfslbfhfdofmhl c Hols. Yufs,
ducmhl dckbockls mufstrc alrkc hf pfmscr, dckbockls mufstrc kcmfrc k cmfrc
hf vovor.
vovor. Ylr fsc rczôm, ec Ycecbrc hf Hols omsostf
omsos tf fm quf ml mls hfnfkls
klehfcr plr fe kumhl. To Hols dckboc mufstrc kfmtf, dckomcrfkls
dlmalrkf c ec vfrhch hf Hols0 pfrl so fs Tctcmãs quofm elgrc dckbocr
mufstrc kfmtf, fmtlmdfs cmhcrfkls dlmalrkf c ecs kfmtorcs hfe prëmdopf
hf fstf kumhl. Hf cjë quf, dlkl vfrfkls umls dcpëtuels kãs chfecmtf,
tcmtl pcrc Hols dlkl pcrc Tctcmãs, fe dckpl hf bctceec fm ec gufrrc
fsporotuce fs ec
e c kfmtf. Hols quofrf hcrmls umc kfmtf fsporotuce, pfrl
Tctcmãs quofrf quf tfmgckls umc kfmtf dcrmce. Hols hfsfc quf tfmgckls
umc kfmtf oeukomchc
oeuk omchc plr Tu Ycecbrc, pfrl Tctcmãs busdc lsdurfdfr mufstrc
kfmtf dlm sus kfmtorcs. Hols sf dlkpecdf fm jlkbrfs y kunfrfs quf
tofmfm umc kfmtf pochlsc, pfrl Tctcmãs sf glzc fm cqufeels quf tofmfm umc
kfmtf pfdckomlsc.
EC KFXLHLELGËC HFE FMFKOGL

Ec kftlhlelgëc
eugcr, uschc
ec hostlrsoôm plrYcecbrc
hf ec fe fmfkogl fm ecdlkl
hf Hols, gufrrc fsporotuce
vokls fs, fm fm
quf ldurroô prokfr
fe
jufrtl hfe Fhïm. Fsc hostlrsoôm pufhf eefgcr c mlsltrls c trcvïs hf um acesl
kcfstrl l pufhf surgor fm mufstrc prlpoc kfmtf ducmhl dlkfmzckls c
dufstolmcr fe dcrãdtfr hf Hols rfvfechl fm Tu Ycecbrc. Ohfmtoaodcr fsc
hostlrsoôm fs pcrtf hf ec gufrrc fsporotuce
fspo rotuce quf tlhl drfyfmtf tofmf quf eobrcr
fm su hocrol vovor. Ylr
Ylr fsl, fe cpôstle Ycbel fxjlrtc c su nlvfm hosdëpuel
Xokltfl hodoïmhlef> ―Yrldurc dlm hoeogfmdoc
hoe ogfmdoc prfsfmtcrtf c Hols cprlbchl,
dlkl lbrfrl quf ml tofmf hf quï cvfrglmzcrsf, quf kcmfnc dlm prfdosoôm
v frhch‛ (2 Xo 2>36, ïmacsos cóchohl). Ycrc plhfr ohfmtoaodcr
ec pcecbrc hf vfrhch‛
ec kfmtorc, mfdfsotckls
mfdfsotck ls dlmldfr y kcmfncr dlm prfdosoôm ec Ycecbrc hf
Hols.
Fm sfgumhl eugcr,
eugcr, fe fmfkogl trctcrã
trctcr ã hf umc alrkc u ltrc hf jcdfrmls
komokozcr ecs dlmsfdufmdocs hf mufstrc hfslbfhofmdoc. ¼Duãmtcs vfdfs
jfkls tfmohl umc dlmvfrscdoôm dlm mlsltrls koskls y jfkls komokozchl komok ozchl
ec grcvfhch hf mufstrl pfdchl< Yfmsckls quf cqufeel quf vckls c jcdfr
slel mls cafdtcrã c mlsltrls l quf slel el jcrfkls umc vfz y eufgl tlhl
sfguorã oguce, som rfcekfmtf plmhfrcr els rfsuetchls
r fsuetchls quf cdcrrfcrã mufstrc
hfslbfhofmdoc. Ec rczôm plr plr ec quf gfmfrcekfmtf komokozckls
komo kozckls ecs
dlmsfdufmdocs hf mufstrc hfslbfhofmdoc fs plrquf ducmhl fxpfrokfmtckls
pecdfr hf ducequofr
ducequo fr topl,
to pl, els mfurltrcms
mfur ltrcmskos
koslrfs
lrfs quf mls pfrkotfm
pfrko tfm tfmfr
tf mfr
hodjc fxpfrofmdoc (hlpckomc, sfrltlmomc) sf fefvcm c movfe dfrfbrce, el quf
mls kufvf c pfrsfguor cþm kãs k ãs cqufeel quf mls prlhudf pecdfr, y fsc
sfmscdoôm mls jcdf vfr ec fxpfrofmdoc dlkl cegl bufml som dlmsohfrcr ecs
dlmsfdufmdocs.
Fm tfrdfr eugcr, fe fmfkogl busdc dufstolmcr fe dcrãdtfr hf Hols pcrc quf
huhfkls hf su bufmc vleumtch pcrc dlm mlsltrls, pcrc quf pfmsfkls quf
Ïe sf jc levohchl hf mlsltrls l quf ml quofrf bfmhfdormls y hcrmls cqufeel
quf cmjfeckls. Fsls pfmsckofmtls mfgctovls cdfrdc hfe dcrãdtfr
dcrãdt fr hf Hols
ml prlvofmfm hf momgþm ltrl
ltrl eugcr quf ml sfc fe koskl
ko skl omaofrml.
Tctcmãs quofrf quf huhfkls hfe dcrãdtfr hf Hols pcrc quf ml fspfrfkls
fm Ïe, soml quf tlkfkls ecs rofmhcs hf mufstrc prlpoc vohc y jcgckls ecs
dlscs fm mufstrcs prlpocs aufrzcs y dlmalrkf c mufstrc prlpoc scbohurëc.
Ylr fsl mls chvortoô Hols fm Yrlvfrbols 4>6-7 quf ml dlmaofkls fm mufstrc
prlpoc scbohur
s cbohurëc.
ëc.
Aomcekfmtf, Tctcmãs quofrf jcdfrmls pfmscr fm ec tfmtcdoôm dlkl umc
plsobeff bfmhodoôm.
plsobe bfmhodo ôm. Kcs cmtfs
cmt fs hf dcfr fm sus trckpcs
tr ckpcs hfbfkls
hf bfkls rfdlrhcr
r fdlrhcr quf
ec vleumtch hf Hols pcrc mufstrcs vohcs sofkprf sfrã dlmsostfmtf dlm Tu
Ycecbrc, dlm Tu dcrãdtfr, dlm Tus prlpôsotls ftfrmls, dlm ec guëc hfe
Fspërotu Tcmtl y dlm Tu eeckchl pcrtoduecr pcrc mufstrcs vohcs. Hf kcmfrc
quf, ducmhl cegl euzdc dlkl umc bfmhodoôm dcëhc hfe dofel, prfgþmtfsf
prokfrl
prok frl so fsl fs dlmsostf
dlms ostfmtf
mtf dlm ec
e c rfvfecdoôm
rfvfe cdoôm hf Hols.
DÔKL TF YRFTFMXC EC XFMXCDOÔM

Ec fstrctfgoc hf Tctcmãs fs jcdfrmls vfr els supufstls bfmfaodols hf cegl,

lduetãmhlmls fm tlhl tofkpl els fafdtls mldovls quf sf fsdlmhfm hftrãs.
Hf klhl quf, ec lafrtc eudf pochlsc, pfrl fe prlpôsotl fs kceo
kceogml.
gml. Ylr fsl
fmtfmhfkls quf ducmhl umc pfrslmc jcbec dlm um efmgucnf pochlsl, pfrl
eufgl cdtþc pfrvfrsckfmtf, ec þmodc fxpeodcdoôm fs quf Tctcmãs fstã
uscmhl c fsc pfrslmc pcrc eefvcr c dcbl sus prlpôsotls. Fm fe jufrtl hfe
Fhïm, ec sfrpofmtf elgrô quf ec arutc rfsuetcrc cgrchcbef c els
e ls lnls hf Fvc y
hfsfcbef pcrc cedcmzcr scbohurëc, pfrl komokozô y kcmtuvl
k cmtuvl fsdlmhohl hf
feec fe hfsfmecdf actce quf su hfslbfhofmdoc tfmhrëc. Fs okplrtcmtf quf
tfmgckls fstl prfsfmtf. Ml tlhl el quf cpcrfmtfkfmtf vc c kfnlrcr
mufstrc dlmhodoôm cdtuce fs mfdfscrockfmtf
mfdfscro ckfmtf umc bfmhodoôm quf Hols fstã
trcyfmhl c mufstrcs vohcs. _ dlkl kufstrc hf feel tfmfkls ec jostlroc
jost lroc hf
Cbrcjck y Tcrcj. Ec ohfc hf quf Cbrcjck tuvofrc hfsdfmhfmdoc plr
kfhol hf Cgcr puhl jcbfr
jcbfr eudohl omodocekfmtf
omodocek fmtf dlkl umc bfmhodoôm cmtf ec
omafrtoeohch
omafrtoeo hch hf Tcrcj, fxdfptl quf fsl plmëc fm huhc fe dcrãdtfr hf Hols y
volecbc Tu Ycecbrc.
Ec jostlroc cmtfrolr tckboïm mls sorvf dlkl fnfkpel hf quf ec tfmtcdoôm
pufhf vfmor c trcvïs
trcvï s hf ceguofm
ceguo fm bofm omtfmdo
o mtfmdolmchl,
lmchl, dlkl fs fe dcsl hf umc
fsplsc jcdoc su
omtfmdolmchc jc fsplsl. Fe prlbefkc
sohl fmgcóchc l fstãfs quf fm ldcsolmfs
cutlfmgcóchc. Fm feecdcsl
pfrslmc bofmfs
hf Fvc,
kuy prlbcbef quf su omtfmdoôm ml aufrc jcdfr dcfr c Chãm, soml
sokpefkfmtf dlkpcrtor
dlkpcrt or dlm su fsplsl fe supufstl bfmfaodol quf feec obc c
rfdobor.. Ylr fsl omsostokls
rfdobor omsosto kls fm ec mfdfsohch hf tfmfr kudjl duohchl ce
klkfmtl hf dlmsohfrcr ducequofr dlsc quf sf mls fstï larfdofmhl, cum so
pcrfdf bufml
buf ml fm grcm kcmfrc.
k cmfrc. _ fe kfnlr
kf nlr aoetr
ao etrll pcrc hosdfrmo
ho sdfrmorr fstcs
fstc s dlscs
fs
qufecHols
Ycecbrc hf Hols. To
jc rfvfechl, ml ecokplrtc
lafrtc hf
qufpcrtf
fstckls rfdobofmhl
hf quoïm vfmgc dlmtrchodf el
mo duãm ctrcdtovc
euzdc fsc lafrtc, ec koskc
kosk c ml pufhf vfmor hf pcrtf hf Hols.
Xrostfkfmtf, cumquf Hols mls jc hchl Tu Ycecbrc dlkl guëc, els sfrfs
jukcmls slkls kcfstrls hfe cutlfmgcól. Tlkls fxpfrtls fm vfr y drffr
sleckfmtf cqufeecs dlscs quf mls dlmvofmfm. Ylr fnfkpel, ¼duãmtcs vfdfs
jfkls vostl dôkl umc mlvoc fs chvfrtohc plr ltrcs pfrslmcs, yc sfcm sus
pchrfs l sus
s us eëhfrfs,
eëhf rfs, slbrf
slbr f dlscs prfldupcmtf
pr fldupcmtfss quf jcm vostl
vos tl fm fe dcrãdt
d crãdtfr
fr
hf su pcrfnc, pfrl fsc nlvfm fmcklrchc hfdohf ml vfr fscs dlscs y jcdfr

dcsl lkosl
quf tlhl el cquf
ecsefchvfrtfmdocs
jcbëcm hodjlrfdobohcs
rfdobo hcs pcrc_fvfmtucekfmtf
frc dofrtl< pfrdctcrsf
el koskl ldurrf fm hf
hoafrfmtfs ãrfcs hf mufstrcs vohcs plrquf fe pfdchl quf klrc fm mlsltrls
mls jc eefvchl c dlmvfrtormls fm kcfstrls hfe cutlfmgcól. Fe prlaftc
Nfrfkëcs hc tfstoklmol
tfsto klmol hf fstl ducmhl hfdecrc> ―Kãs fmgcólsl quf tlhl fs
fe dlrczôm, y som rfkfhol0 ¼quoïm el dlkprfmhfrã<‛ (Nfr 37>?). Tlel ec
Ycecbrc hf Hols pufhf jcdfr fstl y fvotcr quf mls cutlfmgcófkls y
fmgcófkls c els hfkãs.
Dlkl so fstl aufrc pldl, els sfrfs jukcmls tfmfkls um prlbefkc cþm
kcylr.. Chãm y Fvc (csë dlkl
kcylr dlk l Drostl) aufrlm tfmtchls hfshf caufrc, pfrl
hfspuïs hf ec dcëhc mlsltrls slkls
slk ls tfmtchls hfshf chfmtrl y hfshf caufrc.
_ ec rczôm plr ec quf ec tfmtcdoôm fxtfrmc fs tcm fafdtovc fs prfdosckfmtf
prfdo sckfmtf
plrquf mufstrc
mufs trc mcturcef
mct urcefzc
zc pfdchlrc dlm arfdufmdoc
arfd ufmdoc mls eefvc
e efvc c hfsfcr
hfs fcr fe
pfdchl kudjl
kud jl cmtfs hf quf ec tfmtcdo
tf mtcdoôm
ôm sf prfsfmtf.
prfs fmtf. Hf jfdjl, Tcmtocgl
Tcmto cgl
hodf fm su dcrtc quf ―dchc uml fs tfmtchl ducmhl fs eefvchl y sfhudohl plr
su prlpoc pcsoôm‛ (Ttg 3>38). Hf kcmfrc quf, plstfrolr c ec dcëhc, ec
tfmtcdoôm fs tfrrobefkfmtf
tfrrobe fkfmtf plhfrlsc. Ec prfsfmdoc dlmstcmtf hf hfsfls
kcevchls fm mufstrl omtfrolr jcdf quf ec tfmtcdoôm
tfmtcdo ôm mls rfsuetf sukckfmtf
ctrcdtovc. Fmtlmdfs, ―ducmhl ec pcsoôm jc dlmdfbohl, hc c euz fe pfdchl0 y
ducmhl fe pfdchl fs dlmsukchl, fmgfmhrc ec kufrtf‛ (Ttg 3>36). Ylr fsl
omsostok ls fm hfdor quf Fvc pfdô cmtfs hf klrhfr fe arutl y quf fe jfdjl
omsostokls
hf quf el klrhofrc slel rfvfeô quf yc jcbëc pfdchl fm su omtfrolr ce hfsfcr
cegl quf frc dlmtrcrol c ec efy hf Hols. Tu prlpoc pcsoôm ec sfhunl0 plr el
tcmtl, feec fs ec þmodc rfsplmscbef hf su pfdchl.

EC KFXC
KFXC HFE FMFKOGL>
FMFKO GL> DCKBOCR DÔKL YFMTCKLT YF MTCKLT
Fe lbnftovl aomce hf Tctcmãs fs jcdfrmls dcfr, pfrl ïe scbf kuy bofm quf
pcrc elgrcr
elg rcr fstl
fst l prokfrl
prok frl mfdfsotc
mfdfs otc quf dckbofkls
dckbo fkls mufstrc
muf strc alrkc
a lrkc hf pf
pfmscr
mscr..
To ïe elgrc dckbocr mufstrc
mufstr c kcmfrc hf pfmscr, prlmtl fstcrfkls plmofmhl
plr prãdtodc
prãdt odc el
e l quf pfmsckls.
pfmsck ls. Ec kcmfrc
kcmfr c dlkl pfmsckls
pfms ckls hftfrko
hft frkomc
mc ec
kcmfrc dlkl vovokls (Yr 24>7c). Ylr fsl fs okplrtcmtf
ok plrtcmtf rfdlmldfr quf ec
bctceec
bctce ec dlmtrc
dlmt rc fe pfdchl
pf dchl rugf promdopc
pr omdopcekfm
ekfmtf
tf fm mufstrc
mufst rc kfmtf.
kfmt f. Cjlrc bofm,
¼dôkl eudoô fsf dckbol
dckbo l hf kfmtf fm fe dcsl hf Fvc< Eufgl hf su
dlmvfrscdoôm dlm Tctcmãs, Fvc dckboô 3) su ohfc cdfrdc hf Hols (fe
Drfchlr ml quofrf
quofrf quf sfckls dlkl Ïe)0 2) su ohfc cdfrdc hfe ãrble
(dlkfr hf su arutl mls bfmhfdorã)0 4) su ohfc
o hfc cdfrdc hf ecs dlmsfdufmdocs
(dofrtckfmtf ml klrorfkls).
klro rfkls). Vmc vfz su kfmtf auf trcmsalrkchc y
cpcrtchc hf ec vfrhch, auf aãdoe pcrc feec dlkprcr ec kfmtorc hf Tctcmãs y
rfbfecrsf dlmtrc su Drfchlr.
Tom hcrmls dufmtc, Tctcmãs elgrc dckbocrmls plr kfhol
k fhol hf ohfcs,
fmsfócmzcs, aoelslaëcs, dlrrofmtfs hf pfmsckofmtl, pctrlmfs hf fstf kumhl,
sudfsls lbsfrvcbefs, fxpfrofmdocs vovohcs y pfrslmcs dlm ecs ducefs
omtfrcdtuckls fm mufstrl
quf ecs okãgfmfs tofmfm echocrol vovor.
vovor.hf
dcpcdohch Kþetopefs
fmtrcr c fstuholskjcm
mufstrc kfmtfdlkprlbchl
fmtf y dckbocr
mufstrc alrkc hf pfmscr kudjl cmtfs hf quf mufstrc dlmdofmdoc ‘quf
hfbf sfr fe aoetrl
aoet rl hf tlhl el quf fmtrc y el quf scef hf mufstrc kfmtf‘
jcyc plhohl rfgostrcr hodjcs okãgfmfs. Ducmhl fstckls arfmtf ce tfefvoslr
y fm dufstoôm hf sfgumhls slkls fxpufstls c um sommþkfrl
so mmþkfrl hf okãgfmfs,
slmohls y pcecbrcs, mufstrc dlmdofmdoc ml fs dcpcz hf prldfscr tlhl el quf
fstã pfrdobofmhl, plr el quf tfrkomc sofmhl omsfmsoboeozchc
omsfmsoboeo zchc jcdoc ec
volefmdoc, ec sfmsuceohch, fe efmgucnf
e fmgucnf prlacml, ftd.0 tlhl el duce

fvfmtucekfmtf fnfrdfrãtlhcs
vohc. Hf oguce kcmfrc, omaeufmdoc fm mufstrcquf
ecs ohflelgëcs
o hflelgëcs k cmfrc
kcmfrc
fstãm hf pfmscr yfmvovor
surgofmhl els ec
þetokls cóls, dlkl ec acklsc
ack lsc ohflelgëc hf gïmfrl, tofmfm dlkl þmodl
lbnftovl dckbocr mufstrc alrkc
alrk c hf pfmscr, pufs umc vfz fstl jc ldurrohl
tlhl el hfkãs rfsuetcrã aãdoe
aãdo e hf cedcmzcr pcrc cqufeels quf fstãm
prlklvofmhl
prlklvo fmhl fstcs
fst cs mufvcs dlrrofmt
dlr rofmtfs
fs hf pfmsckofmtl
pfmsck ofmtl quf
qu f busdcm eeckcr
ee ckcr ce
ce
kce, bofm y ce bofm, kce.
4
XRFT ARFMXFT HF BCXCEEC> EC
DCRMF, FE KVMHL _ TCXCMÃT

D lkl yc jfkls kfmdolmchl, ec lplsodoôm fm ec gufrrc fsporotuce sofkprf s ofkprf

sfrã sfmtohc fm trfs arfmtfs
ar fmtfs hf bctceec> ec dcrmf, fe k
kumhl
umhl y Tctcmãs. Ylr Ylr el
gfmfrce, ce quf kãs ctfmdoôm sf ef prfstc fs c Tctcmãs, kofmtrcs
hfsduohckls els ltrls hls. Fs pldl prlbcbef l quozãs okplsobef quf
Tctcmãs cpcrfzdc hfecmtf hf ustfh umc mldjf y ef hogc cegl dlkl fstl>
―¡Jlec, sly Tctcmãs, vomf c fmarfmtcrkf dlmtogl!‛. Fsl sfrëc kuy k uy lbvol hf
su pcrtf y mufstrl fmfkogl fs kuy cstutl dlkl pcrc jcdfr cegl ce gl csë. Tom
fkbcrgl, jcy um arfmtf hf bctceec ce quf mlsltrls ef prfstckls kfmls k fmls
ctfmdoôm, pfrl fs hfshf hlmhf ec bctceec rugf kãs omtfmsckfmtf y hfshf
hlmhf rfdobokls kcylr lplsodoôm> ec dcrmf. Tom eugcr c huhc, ec pflr
bctceec
bctce ec fs eobrchc
e obrchc dlmtrc mufstr
m ufstrcc prlpoc dcrmf,
d crmf, pufs ec
e c lplsodoôm
lplsodo ôm quf
rfdobokls fs dlmtomuc y hodjl ctcquf fs hfshf mufstrl oomtfrolr mtfrolr.. Hf cjë quf,
fe tfôelgl purotcml Nljm Lwfm hfdëc quf fe prlbefkc hfe drfyfmtf dr fyfmtf frc quf
tfmëc quf eudjcr dlmtrc um fmfkogl quf rfsuetcbc sfr ïe koskl, k oskl, pcrc
cyuhcrmls c fmtfmhfr quf mfdfsotckls hosdopeomcr ec dcrmf f oref ore f quotcmhl
fe dlmtrle y fe plhfr sfhudtlr quf tofmf slbrf mlsltrls. ?
Ce koskl tofkpl
tofk pl quf eudjckls dlmtrc ec dcrmf, els drfyfmtfs mls
fmarfmtckls c els ctcqufs quf vofmfm hfe kumhl, fs hfdor, hf ecs dlrrofmtfs
hf pfmsckofmtl y sostfkcs hf cmtovcelrfs
cmto vcelrfs quf cbumhcm fm ec sldofhch
omdrïhuec. Fmtlmdfs, rfsuetc quf ckbcs fsafrcs hf lplsodoôm slm uschcs plr
Tctcmãs pcrc jcdfrmls arfmtf fm ec
e c bctceec fsporotuce.
fspor otuce. Xlhl
Xlhl el quf fe
fmfkogl jcdf, el jcdf vceoïmhlsf hf mufstrcs hfboeohchfs
hfboe ohchfs y hf cqufeecs
dlscs quf mls
sfhudfm, pcrc fmgcócrmls y jcdfrmls or fm dlmtrc hf el quf Hols jc
rfvfechl. Fstcs hls ãrfcs, ec dcrmf y fe kumhl, dlmstotuyfm um prlbefkc y
um lbstãduel pcrc mufstrc vohc hf scmtohch, plr el quf mfdfsotckls
prfstcref
prfst cref ec
e c hfbohc ctfmdoôm
ct fmdoôm c dchc
d chc umc plr sfpcrchl.
sf pcrchl. Ducmhl jcbeckls
jcbe ckls hf
ec dcrmf, ml plhfkls sfpcrcr el quf eeckckls dcrmf, hf el quf fs ec vohc
hf ec kfmtf.
vlevfr _ cumquf
c rfafrormls yc jcbeckls
c hodjc kfmtf fmhf
e c ec
ec kfmtf,fmmls
kfhohc qufvfkls lbeogchls
fxpelrckls c hf
fe rle
ec dcrmf fm ec gufrrc fsporotuce
EC DCRMF
Ec kfmtf suaroô ec dcëhc
Cumquf fm fstc plrdoôm mls prlplmfkls cmceozcr fe rle hf ec dcrmf fm ec
Cumquf
gufrrc fsporotuce, fs okplsobef fxpelrcr fstf cspfdtl hf mufstrc mcturcefzc
dcëhc som dlmtomucr fsduhroócmhl fe rle hf ec kfmtf, yc quf fstc auf
grcmhfkfmtf cafdtchc plr ec dcëhc.
Fm fe eobrl Wjct Jcppfmfh om tjf Gcrhfm< P¼Suï pcsô fm fe jufrtl<[,
Grcmt Jlrmfr
Jlrmfr fxpeodc quf ―ec dcëhc cafdtô tcm prlaumhckfmtf c Chãm y c
Fvc y c sus hfsdfmhofmtfs, quf mlsltrls
mlsltrls ml sleckfmtf pfrhokls eecc
jcboeohch hf dlmldfr c Hols, soml quf pfrhokls mufstrc jcboeohch hf
dlmldfr quf mlsltrls pfrhokls mufstrc jcboeohch.
jcboeo hch. Mufstrc
Mufstrc dfgufrc
fsporotuce, quf dckbockls plr ec pfrafdtc vosoôm quf tfmëckls fm fe Fhïm,
mls hfnô tcm dofgls quf mlsltrls drffkls
dr ffkls quf vfkls‛. 39 Fm fe Fhïm, fe
sfr jukcml tfmëc umc vosoôm pfrafdtc hf Hols, hf së koskl y hf tlhc
t lhc ec
drfcdoôm. Tom fkbcrgl, c rcëz hf ec dcëhc hfe jlkbrf, fsc vosoôm auf tcm
grcvfkfmtf cafdtchc quf cjlrc, c pfscr hf fstcr dlkpeftckfmtf dofgls f
ogmlrcmtfs hf mufstrc rfceohch,
rfceo hch, mlsltrls drffkls quf vfkls y quf fsl quf
vfkls sf dlrrfsplmhf c ec rfceohch.
C kcmfrc hf oeustrcdoôm plhfkls uscr fe acklsl fxpfrokfmtl hfe eãpoz y
fe vcsl hf cguc. To dleldckls um eãpoz hfmtrl hf um vcsl hf drostce dlm
cguc, ce lbsfrvcrel hfshf caufrc fe eãpoz cpcrfmtc fstcr tlrdohl0
tlrdo hl0 pfrl
mlsltrls scbfkls quf rfcekfmtf ml fs csë plrquf ecs efyfs hf ec e c aësodc mls
fxpeodcm quf fxostf um afmôkfml eeckchl rfarcddoôm hf ec euz quf jcdf quf
fe eãpoz euzdc tlrdohl ducmhl fm rfceohch ml el fstã. Hf oguce kcmfrc,
cumquf mlsltrls vfckls ecs dlscs hf dofrtc
do frtc alrkc, slel Hols y Tu Ycecbrc
hftfrkomcm el quf fs rfce y vfrcz.
Dofrtckfmtf, ecs dlmsfdufmdocs hf ec dcëhc aufrlm aumfstcs. Ec kfmtf hfe
jlkbrf qufhô fmtfmfbrfdohc (2 Dl 8>80 Rl :>7), ec vleumtch fsdecvozchc (2
Xo
mls2>21-21),
omtfrprftcy kfnlr
fefnlr
k dlrczôm fmhurfdohl
c mlsltrls (Fz 33>3?0
quf mlsltrls 41>21).
c feec. _ fsYlr
quf,tcmtl, ec Bobeoc
dlm umcs
dlmsfdufmdocs dlkl fstcs, ¼quï fspfrcmzc tfmfkls hf vfr y fmtfmhfr
mufstrc dlmhodoôm hf kcmfrc cprlpochc< Tlel ec Ycecbrc hf Hols hfaomf f
omtfrprftc mufstrc rfceohch
rfceo hch dlrrfdtckfmtf. Ylr fsl mfdfsotckls plmfrmls
els efmtfs hf ec Ycecbrc hf Hols pcrc vfr dlrrfdtckfmtf y eufgl e ufgl pfmscr
bëbeodckfmt
bëbeo dckfmtff y plhfr csë dlmdeuor
dlmdeuo r dlrrfdtck
dlrrf dtckfmtf
fmtf cmtf
cmt f ducequofr
ducequo fr ohfc,
ohfc ,
pfmsckofmtl,
pfmsck ofmtl, fmsfócmzc,
fms fócmzc, sudfsl
sudfs l l fxpfrof
fxpfrofmdoc
mdoc quf sf
s f mls prfsfmtf.
prfsf mtf.
Fm fe oholkc grofgl, ec pcecbrc trchudohc dlkl dcrmf fs scrx , y fstc tofmf
kþetopefs sogmoaodchls hfpfmhofmhl hfe dlmtfxtl fm quf cpcrfzdc. Fm fe
efmgucnf lrogomce, ec pcecbrc scrx cpcrfdf umcs 387 vfdfs, y ec koskc fs
uschc pcrc rfafrorsf c hoafrfmtfs cspfdtls hf mufstrc mcturcefzc> dlmhodoôm
dlrplrce, dufrpl, tofrrc, tfrrfmce, dcrmf dcrmce, vohc, jlkbrf, sfr jukcml,
pfrslmceohch.
pfrslmce ohch. Fe 76 % hf ecs vfdfs
vfd fs fe tïrko
t ïrkoml
ml fs uschl plr Ycbel. Fm fe
sfmtohl quf fstckls uscmhl ec pcecbrc, jcdf rfafrfmdoc c mufstrc
mcturcefzc dcëhc dlm sus pfdchls rfkcmfmtf.
Vml hf els tfxtls bëbeodls fm quf cpcrfdf fstc þetokc cdfpdoôm hf ec
pcecbrc,
pcecbr c, y quf jcbec hf ec e c eudjc quf dofrt
d ofrtckfmt
ckfmtff eobrckls
eobr ckls fm mufstrl
muf strl
omtfrolr, sf fmdufmtrc fm ec prokfrc
prok frc dcrtc hfe cpôstle Yfhrl> ―Ckchls, efs
rufgl dlkl c fxtrcmnfrls y pfrfgromls, quf sf cbstfmgcm hf ecs pcsolmfs
dcrmcefs quf dlkbctfm dlmtrc fe cekc‛ (3 ( 3 Y 2>33, ïmacsos cóchohl). Ec
pcecbrcc «dlkbctfm°
pcecbr «dlkbct fm° jcdf rfafrfmdo
rfa frfmdocc c umc eudjc l gufrrc
guf rrc fmtrf
fmt rf hls
pfrslmcs l fnïrdotls
fnïrd otls.. Fe efmgucnf
efmgucn f uschl plr Yfhrl
Yfhr l ml fs dcsuce mo auf
sfefddolmchl ce czcr.
czcr. Fe Fspërotu hf Hols ef klvoô c uscr fstf fst f tïrko
tïrkomlml pcrc
trcmskotor quf ec eudjc quf tfmfkls ml fs sfmdoeec mo eogfrc. Tf trctc hf um
dlkbctf ml bïeodl l umc pugmc omtfrolr fmtrf mufstrc dcrmf y mufstrl
fspërotu (Gã 6>37).
Cjlrc bofm, ml pofmsf quf ec fxprfsoôm ―pcsolmfs dcrmcefs‛ sf rfaofrf
rfao frf
fxdeusovckfmtf
cedljle l fe usl chfpfdchls
hrlgcs fxtrfkls dlklslm
oeëdotcs. Fstls ec slel
plrmlgrcaëc, fe cbusl
tr fs fnfkpels
trfs hfe
hf dofmtls
hf pcsolmfs dcrmcefs quf dlkbctfm dlmtrc mufstrc cekc. Fe lrgueel, fe
hfsfl plr ec ackc y ec bþsqufhc hf cprlbcdoôm slm tckboïm fvohfmdocs hf
fscs pcsolmfs dcrmcefs y hfsfls kumhcmls
k umhcmls dlmtrc els quf eudjckls
omtfmsckfmtf fm mufstrl omtfrolr
omtfro lr.. X
Xlhl
lhl fe caãm quf vfkls jly fm hëc, tcmtl
jlkbrfs dlkl kunfrfs, plr tfmfr um dufrpl ctrcdtovl jcstc fe pumtl hf
prcdto
prcdtodcrsf
dcrsf tlhc
ecs pcsolmfs t lhc decsf hf dorugëcs
dorug ëcs peãsto
pe ãstodcs
dcs dlm tce
tc e hf eudor
eud or bofm,
bo fm, fs pcrtf
pcrt f hf

dcrmcefs quf fe cpôstle Yfhrl hodf quf dlkbctfm ml sleckfmtf dlmtrc ec

kfmtf, soml dlmtrc fe cekc quf jc sohl
so hl rfgfmfrchc plr fe Fspërotu. __,,
eckfmtcbefkfmtf, fsc eudjc dlmstcmtf fmtrf else ls hfsfls hf ec dcrmf y els
hfsfls hfe cekc mls okpohf tfmfr
t fmfr umc dlkumoôm ëmtokc dlm Hols.
_ so tlhcvëc ml drff quf ec eudjc quf eobrckls dlmtrc ec dcrmf fs um
dlkbctf ―dufrpl c dufrpl‛ ‘plr csë hfdorel‘
hfdore l‘ lbsfrvf dôkl ec Ycecbrc
hf Hols fxpeodc ec mcturcefzc hf mufstrc eudjc c trcvïs hf ecs pcecbrcs hfe
cpôstle Ycbel c ecs ogefsocs fm Gcecdoc. Ylr dofrtl, so jcy cegl quf
cprfdockls hf ec Ycecbrc fs dôkl fstc ml sleckfmtf
sleck fmtf sf omtfrprftc c së
koskc, soml quf tckboïm ckpeoaodc, fxpeodc f oeustrc ec Ycecbrc hf Hols.
Ml mfdfsotckls
mfdfsotc kls hf ltrc
lt rc dlsc0 ec Ycecbrc
Yce cbrc hf Hols fs suaodofmtf
suaod ofmtf.. Fmtlmdfs, fm
Gãectcs 6, Ycbel fxjlrtc
fxjlrtc c els gãectcs c ml hfncrsf eefvcr plr els okpuesls
ok puesls
hf ec dcrmf, y efs hc ec soguofmtf rczôm> ―Ylrquf fe hfsfl hf ec dcrmf fs
dlmtrc fe Fspërotu, y fe hfe Fspërotu
Fspëro tu fs dlmtrc ec dcrmf, pufs fstls sf lplmfm
fe uml ce ltrl,
ltr l, hf kcmfrc quf ustfhfs ml pufhfm jcdfr el quf hfsffm‛ (Gã
6>37).

Dlm fstcs pcecbrcs, fe cpôstle hfsdrobf decrckfmtf duãe fs mufstrc eudjc

e udjc y
plr quï arfdufmtf
ar fdufmtfkfmtf
kfmtf ml plhfkls jcdfr
jc dfr cqufeel
cqufe el quf hfsfckls.
hfsf ckls.
Els drfyfmtfs, dlkl sfrfs pcrtëdopfs hf umc mcturcefzc dcëhc, tfmfkls
hfsfls y pcsolmfs dcrmcefs quf mls jcdfm lplsodoôm ducmhl fe Fspërotu
Fspërot u
Tcmtl mls guëc c lbfhfdfr c Hols. Ycrc oeustrcrel,
oeustrcre l, pofmsf fm duãmtcs vfdfs
jc sfmtohl ec dlmvoddoôm hf quf hfbf effr
e ffr ec Ycecbrc hf Hols, pfrl su dcrmf
ef jc dlmvfmdohl hf quf fstã kuy dcmschl hf tcmtl
t cmtl trcbcncr, plr eell quf
kfnlr sfrëc effrec fm ltrc ldcsoôm ducmhl su kfmtf fstï kãs cefrtc y
hfsdcmschc. _ csë, som hcrsf dufmtc, pcscm hëcs, pcrc cegumls pcscrãm
sfkcmcs
dlmsukoryfepcrc ltrls
þmodl quozãs
ceok
ceokfmtl jcstc
fmtl quf fskfsfs
dcpcz som cbror ecs Fsdroturcs,
hf slstfmfref fm kfhol hfsomec
bctce ec. Fm fsls klkfmt
bctceec. k lkfmtls,
ls, ec þmodc
þmo dc rczôm plr ec quf ustfh
ust fh ml jozl ele l quf
mfdfsotcbc jcdfr fs plrquf fm su omtfrolr jubl um fmarfmtckofmtl fmtrf el
quf su mcturcefzc pfdckomlsc hfsfcbc jcdfr y el quf su fspërotu, klvohl
plr fe Fspërot
Fspë rotuu hf Hols, qufrëc
qufrë c jcdfr0 y su dcrmf gcmô
gcm ô ec bctceec.
bctc eec. Ylr fstc
rczôm, dchc drfyfmtf mfdfsotc fmtfmhfr ecs dcrcdtfrëstodcs hf ec e c bctceec
fsporotuce fm ecsoquf
dfhfr fe pcsl0 mls fmdlmtrckls
dfhfrã o kpueslsy hf
c els okpuesls hfdohor hf cmtfkcml
ec dcrmf c quoïm
l sf slkftfrã c ecefguëc
vc c
hfe Fspërotu. ¡Xcm
¡Xcm sfmdoeel dlkl fsl! Tlkls aãdoekfmtf
aãdoek fmtf hfrrltchls so
dckomckls sfgþm ec dcrmf> ―Fe dckomcr sfgþm ec dcrmf fs duetovcr ec
ckostch dlm fe kumhl0 dfhfr c ec omaeufmdoc quf hfboeotcrëc mufstrc ceocmzc
dlm Drostl0 fs mfgcr mufstrl eeckchl c sfr scmtls y mufstrc rfecdoôm
r fecdoôm dlm Ïe
‘c ec quf Hols mls trcnl
t rcnl plr su grcdoc‘
grcdo c‘ y fmtrcr fm ec pïrhohc
pïr hohc hf Tu
cprlbcdoôm y fm ec pïrhohc hf mufstrc rfdlkpfmsc auturc‛. 33
Ycbel, fe grcm tfôelgl
t fôelgl hfe Mufvl Xfstckfmtl,
Xfstckfmtl, quofm fstuvl fm fe tfrdfrt frdfr
dofel y quofm fsdroboô ec dcrtc
dcrt c dlm kãs dlmtfmohl tfleôgodl hf tlhl fe
Mufvl Xfstck
Xfstckfmtl,
fmtl, fm um klkfmt
k lkfmtll hchl honl>
hon l> ―Ylrquf yl sïs ï quf fm kë,
kë , fs
hfdor, fm ko dcrmf, ml jcbotc mchc bufml. Ylrquf fe qufrfr fstã prfsfmtf fm
kë, pfrl fe jcdfr fe bofm, ml‛ (Rl 7>3:). Vmc vfz kãs, Ycbel oeustrc hf
alrkc prãdtodc dôkl els e ls hfsfls hf ec dcrmf jcdfm lplsodoôm c mufstrc
vleumtch hf jcdfr fe bofm y hfkufstrc quf ïe fmtfmhëc pfrafdtckfmtf ec ec
hfboeohch hf ec dcrmf y ec fsdecvotuh c ec e c quf auf slkftohc prlhudtl hf ec
dcëhc. Hf jfdjl, dlmdlm sus pcecbrcs caorkc
caor kc quf slkls omdcpcdfs
o mdcpcdfs hf jcdfr el
quf fs dlrrfdtl plrquf fm mufstrc dcrmf ml jcy mchc bufml. Fm Fmtlmdfs,
tlmdfs,
dlkl ml jcy mchc bufml fm mlsltrls, fe plhfr omaomotl omaomot l hf Hols tofmf quf
sfr pufstl hfmtrl hf mlsltrls fm ec pfrslmc hfe Fspërotu Tcmtl pcrc
guocrmls y cyuhcrmls c vfmdfr fm ec bctceec quf dlmstcmtfkfmtf rugf fm
mufstrl omtfrolr.
omtfrolr. Hf klhl quf, dlkl bofm honl Ycbel, Hols fs quofm lbrc fm
mlsltrls tcmtl fe qufrfr dlkl fe jcdfr (Aoe 2>34).
Ec dcrmf pufhf eefvcrmls c dlkplrtcrmls dlkl pfrslmcs pochlscs, ducmhl
fm rfceohch mufstrcs cddolmfs slm s lm pfdckomlscs. Rcy Ttfhkcm jcdf fe
soguofmtf dlkfmtcrol> ―Ec dcrmf fs cbofrtckfmtf crrlgcmtf, cutlrotcroc,
ncdtcmdolsc
ncdt cmdolsc,, eunurolsc,
eunur olsc, dëmodc
dë modc y lrgueels
lr gueelsc.
c. Csë ec vfkls
vfk ls hfsdrotc
hfsdr otc fm
f m Fafsols
6.
Yfrl ducmhl fs eefvchc dlmtrc umc fsquomc plr fe plhfr hfe Fspërotu pufhf
csukor um plrtf hf rfdtotuh
rfdtot uh y dlmvfrtorsf fm pochlsc, rfeogolsc, fsdrupuelsc
hf ec klrce, dfelsc plr fe trcbcnl
t rcbcnl fm ec ogefsoc f oomhogmchc
mhogmchc plr el kce
jfdjl, tlrmãmhlsf prlvldchlrckfmtf fvcmgïeodc‛. 32

Ttfhkcmacesc.
rfdtotuh fsdroboô
Fstãfmdfmtrchc
ltrc ldcsoôm> ―Ec rfdtotuh
fm fe ―yl‛ rfdtot
y plruh
el hf
tcmtecldcrmf
tcmtl fs kãs
ml sfrã sofkprf
quf umc
cutlnustodoc. Ec dcrmf sf pufhf kfklrozcr ecs Fsdroturcs. Ec dcrmf pufhf
okpcrtor decsfs fm ec Fsdufec Hlkomodce. Ec dcrmf pufhf hostrobuor
trctchls, hcr grcmhfs sukcs hf homfrl, larfdfr um tfstoklmol dlmklvfhlr,
hcr umc decsf bëbeodc, dcmtcr slels, l prfhodcr um sfrkôm. Yufhf omdeusovf
pfhor fxduscs
fx duscs (hf dofrtc
dofrt c kcmfrc),
kcmfr c), y crrfpfmto
crrf pfmtorsf
rsf (jcstc
(jc stc dofrtl
do frtl grchl),
gr chl), l
suaror (dlm corfs
co rfs hf kãrtor),
kãrt or), pfrl jcy cegl quf ec dcrmf mumdc plhrã jcdfr.jcdfr.
Jcrã tlhl el plsobef plr slbrfvovor, pfrl ml dfhfrã tfrrfml, mumdc sf
fmtrfgcrã mo dckbocrã, mumdc sf rfmhorã‛. 34 Xlhl el cmtfrolr mls hc umc
ohfc hf el omtfmsc quf fs ec eudjc.
ECT LBRCT HF EC DCRMF
Ec dcrtc hf Ycbel c els gãectcs mls cyuhc c fmtfmhfr quf ec dcrmf ml slel sf
lplmf c quf jcgckls el quf fs dlrrfdtl, soml
so ml quf dlmstcmtfkfmtf mls
omdotc c lbrcr pfdckomlsckfmtf. Lbsfrvf c dlmtomucdoôm dôkl Ycbel
hfsdrobf fe lbrcr hf ec dcrmf fm mufstrcs vohcs>
―Cjlrc bofm, ecs lbrcs hf ec dcrmf slm fvohfmtfs, ecs ducefs slm>
omklrceohch, okpurfzc, sfmsuceohch, ohlectrëc, jfdjodfrëc, fmfkostchfs,
pefot ls, dfels,
pefotls, dfels , fmlnls, rovceohc
ro vceohchfs,
hfs, hosfmsolmfs
hosf msolmfs,, jfrfnëcs,
jfrfnë cs, fmvohocs,
fmvoho cs,
blrrcdjfrcs,
blrrcdj frcs, lrgëcs
lrgë cs y dlscs sfkfn
s fkfncmtfs,
cmtfs, dlmtrc
dl mtrc ecs
e cs ducefs
duce fs efs cchvofrt
hvofrtl,
l,
dlkl yc sf el jf hodjl cmtfs, quf els quf prcdtodcm tcefs dlscs ml
jfrfhcrãm fe rfoml
rfo ml hf Hols‛. (Gã 6>3?-23)
El omdrfëbef hf fstc eostc
eost c fs quf dleldc pfdchls dlkl ec ohlectrëc y ec
omklrceohch sfxuce fm ec koskc dctfglrëc quf ec fmfkostch, els dfels, fe
fmlnl y ec fmvohoc. Yfrl Ycbel els fmukfrc hf fstc k kcmfrc
cmfrc plrquf tlhcs
fstcs dlscs tofmfm um dlkþm hfmlkomchlr> slm lbrcs hf ec dcrmf y ml
prldfhfm hfe
hf e Fspërotu.
Fspër otu. Ylr fsl
f sl fs tcm
tc m okplrtcmt
okplr tcmtff quf els jonls
jo nls hf Hols
rfdlmlzdckls quf pfdckomlsls
hfsfls f okpuesls fstckls eohocmhl dlmlplmfm
quf sf umc mcturcefzc dcëhc
ce lbrcr hfe quf tofmf
Fspërotu y quf
ml vcm c hfscpcrfdfr kofmtrcs tfmgckls um dufrpl dcëhl y fstfkls hf fstf
echl hf ec gelroc.
gelro c. Ylr el tcmtl, Hols fspfrc quf mls ldupfkls fm mufstrc
scmtoaodcdoôm hf alrkc tcet ce quf vcyckls hfboeotcmhl ec omtfmsohch hfe plhfr
hf ec dcrmf fm mufstrcs vohcs (3 X Xss 8>4-7).

TCMXOAOSVFKLT MVFTXRCT FKLDOLMFT CMXFT HF SVF

FEECT MLT ―TCDROAOSVFM‛
―TCDROAO SVFM‛ C MLTLXRLT
MLTLXRLT
Els jonls hf Hols, dlkl tlhls els sfrfs jukcmls, tfmfkls fkldolmfs quf
mfdfsotcm sfr scmtoaodchcs cmtfs hf quf feecs
fee cs tlkfm dlmtrle slbrf mlsltrls
y mls hfstruycm. Fstc fs ec rfceohch dlm ec quf omfvotcbefkfmtf eudjcm
tlhls els drfyfmtfs, pufs kofmtrcs fe dufrpl fstï dcëhl tfmhrãm
t fmhrãm pcsolmfs
dcëhcs.
Ml lbstcmtf, dlm ec
e c cyuhc hfe Fspëro
Fs përotu
tu Tcmtl quf
qu f klrc fm
f m mufstrl
mufstr l omtfrolr
omtfr olr
slkls dcpcdfs hf jcdfr arfmtf c fscs pcsolmfs dcrmcefs quf fstãm sofkprf
c
ec pufrtc, cmsolscs plr dlmtrlecrmls. Rfdufrhf, ec bctceec dlmtrc ec e c dcrmf
nckãss plhrã sfr
nckã sf r gcmchc plr ec
e c aufrzc hf vleumtch
vleumt ch hfe jlkbrf.
jlk brf. Kudjls el
jcm omtfmtchl y jcm arcdcschl. Tlel plr ec aufrzc
a ufrzc hfe Fspërotu Tcmtl
plhfkls scmto
s cmtoaodcr
aodcr mufstrcs
mufstr cs fkldolmfs
fkldo lmfs y slkftfr
slk ftfrecs
ecs ce sfólrël
sfólrë l hf Drostl.
Drost l.
Fmtlmdfs, pcrc quf fstl sudfhc
sudfhc mfdfsotckls dfhfr tfrrfml ce dlmtrle hfe
Fspërotu hf Hols y csë jcdfr drfdfr Tu aufrzc fm mufstrl omtfrolr.
omtfrolr. Lnl, ml fs
quf femlsltrls
pfrl Fspërotu
mlslt Tcmtlls
rls plhfkls
plhfk pofrhc
hfboealrtcefzc,
hfboeotcr fmtropufs
otcr y fmtrostfdfrÏecefsFspërot
stfdfr plhfrlsl
Fspë tlhl
rotuu dlm fe tofkpl0
ec alrkc
alr kc fm
quf vovokls y ecs hfdosolmfs quf tlkckls (Fa ( Fa 8>49). Kcs ducmhl fe
Fspërotu Tcmtl tlkc dlmtrle slbrf mufstrc dcrmf, Tu lbrcr fm mufstrcs vohcs
prlhudf arutl
ar utl cpcdobef
cpcdo bef hf nusto
n ustodoc,
doc, y fe arutl
a rutl hfe Fspërotu
Fspëro tu fs cklr,
ck lr, glzl,
pcz, pcdofmdoc,
pcdof mdoc, bfmogmohch,
bfmo gmohch, blmhch,
blmhch , aohfe
aohfeohch,
ohch, kcmsfhukbr
kc msfhukbrff y hlkomol
hlkom ol
prlpol (Gã
( Gã 6>22-24).
Fm su dcrtc, Tcmtocgl mls fxpeodc quf dfhfr c mufstrcs fkldolmfs y hfsfls
jukcmls ml scmtoaodchls fs kfmtor dlmtrc ec vfrhch.
―Yfrl so tofmfm dfels ckcrgls y ckbodoôm
ckbodo ôm pfrslmce fm su dlrczôm, ml sfcm
crrlgcmtfs y kofmtcm csë dlmtrc ec e c vfrhch. Fstc scbohurëc ml fs ec quf vofmf
hf el cetl, soml
so ml quf fs tfrrfmce, mcturce, hocbôeodc.
hocbôeo dc. Ylrquf hlmhf jcy dfels
y ckbodoôm pfrslmce, ceeë jcy dlmausoôm y tlhc dlsc kcec‛. (Ttg 4>38-31)
Fm ltrcs pcecbrcs, ecs fkldolmfs dlkl els dfels y ec ckbodoôm
ck bodoôm pfrslmce,
quf slm pcrtf
rfaefncm tlhl elhfdlmtrcrol
fscs lbrcs ehf
c ec ec dcrmf quf
c vfrhchfrc kfmdolmãbckls
scbohurëc cmtfrolrkfmtf,
quf prlvofmf hf Hols0
Hols0 y
plr tcmtl,
tcmt l, rfprfsfmtcm
rfprfs fmtcm ec
e c kfmtorc,
kfmt orc, quf dlkl
dl kl yc jfkls
jfk ls hodjl, prlvofmf
pr lvofmf
horfdtckfmtf hf Tctcmãs. Hf kcmfrc quf, cquë tfmfkls ltrl pcscnf kãs hf
ecs Fsdroturcs quf mls rfdufrhc quf ec gufrrc fsporotuce ml sf trctc hf umc
eudjc hf plhfr, soml hf umc eudjc plr plr ec vfrhch ce fmactozcr fe dlmtrcstf
fmtrf ec vfrhch quf prlvofmf hf el cetl y ec kfmtorc
kfmto rc quf fs tfrrfmce, mcturce
y hocbôeodc.
Ducmhll ec dcrmf, dlm sus hfsfls y pcsolmfs hfsdlmtrlechcs, mls jcdf
Ducmh
cbrczcr ec dlmtrc
fsporotuce kfmtorcfepfrhfkls omkfhoctckfmtf
rfoml hf ecs ec bctceec
tomofbecs. Csë quf, fm ec gufrrc
scmtoaoqufkls mufstrcs
fkldolmfs jukcmcs cmtfs hf quf feecs mls scdroaoqufm c mlsltrls fm fe
dckpl hf bctceec.
FE KVMHL
Mufstrl sfgumhl
sfgu mhl arfmt
arfmtff hf bctceec
bctce ec fs fe kumhl, slbrf
slbr f fe duce ec Ycecbrc
Ycec brc hf
Hols tofmf kudjl quf hfdor. Fm fe Mufvl Xfstckfmtl, fe tïrkoml ―kumhl‛
tofmf hoafrfmtfs sogmoaodchls hfpfmhofmhl hfe dlmtfxtl fm quf fs uschl. C
vfdfs, ec pcecbrc fs uschc pcrc rfafrorsf ce eugcr
e ugcr aësodl fm quf jcbotcm els
sfrfs jukcmls, pfrl fm ltrcs ldcsolmfs fstf
fst f vldcbel fs uschl pcrc
rfafrorsf c ohfcs, dlrrofmtfs hf pfmsckofmtl, fmsfócmzcs y alrkcs hf vovor
ml pochlscs. Ylr fstc rczôm, Ycbel fxjlrtc c ec ogefsoc fm Rlkc dlm ecs
soguofmtfs pcecbrcs>
―_ ml sf chcptfm
chcptfm c fstf kumhl, soml trcmsaôrkfmsf kfhocmtf
k fhocmtf ec rfmlvcdoôm
hf su kfmtf pcrc quf vfroaoqufm duãe fs ec vleumtch hf Hols> el quf fs
bufml y cdfptcbef
cdfpt cbef y pfr
pfrafdtl
afdtl‛.
‛. (Rl 32>2)

Fm fstf pcscnf bëbeodl, fe tïrkoml

tïrko ml trchudohl ce fspcóle dlkl ―kumhl‛
fs ec pcecbrc grofgc ―coôm‛ (γἹύλ), quf jcdf
jcdf rfafrfmdoc c ecs alrkcs
alrk cs hf
dchc sogel. Fm ltrcs pcecbrcs, fm dchc klkfmtl jostôrodl jc fxostohl umc
alrkc pcrtoduecr dlkl fe kumhl pofmsc y cdtþc, plr el quf Ycbel cmokc c
els drfyfmtfs quf fstcbcm fm Rlkc c ml hfncrsf omaeufmdocr plr ecs alrkcs
okpëcs hf ec ïpldc, soml c dckbocr su kcmfrc hf vovor kfhocmtf ec
rfmlvcdoôm hf sus kfmtfs dlm ec vfrhch hfe fvcmgfeol pcrc quf csë
puhofrc m dlmldfr ec
puhofrcm e c vleumtch
vleumt ch hf Hols pcrc sus
s us vohcs.
vohcs .
Ec fxjlrtcdoôm quf Ycbel jcdfjcdf c els rlkcmls fs hf sukc okplrtcmdoc
o kplrtcmdoc pcrc
els drfyfmtfs hf tlhcs ecs ïpldcs plrquf ec vodtlroc y ec hfrrltc fm ec
gufrrc fsporotuce fstãm ëmtokckfmtf rfecdolmchcs c ec trcmsalrkcdoôm hf ec
kfmtf. Ml levohf quf fe lbnftovl hf Tctcmãs fs dckbocr mufstrc kcmfrc hf
pfmscr cdfrdc
cd frdc hf Hols, pufs
puf s umc vfz dckbochc
dck bochc ec
e c kfmtf,
kfmt f, dckbockls
dckbo ckls ec
ec
kcmfrc hf vovor.
vovor. Ylr fsl, els drfyfmtfs mfdfsotck
mfdfsotckls ls jcdfr tlhl el quf fstï
fst ï
c mufstrl cedcmdf plr sfguor ec rfdlkfmhcdoôm quf mls jcdf fe cpôstle
Ycbel yfsporotuce
gufrrc rfmlvcr mufstrc kfmtf,
dlmtrc fe pufs
kumhl hf fs
ecsceeë hlmhf fstã ec vodtlroc
tomofbecs. vodtlro c fm ec

Fm fe oholkc lrogomce, ec pcecbrc trchudohc

t rchudohc fm Rlkcmls 32>2 dlkl
―trcmsalrkcdoôm‛ fs ec
e c pcecbrc grofgc ―kftcklrpjlô‛
―kft cklrpjlô‛ (εζψγεμσρυϏ),
(εζψγεμσρυϏ), hf
hlmhf prlvofmf ec pcecbrc ―kftcklralsos‛ fm fspcóle, um tïrkoml quf
jcdf rfafrfmdoc ce dckbol quf fxpfrokfmtcm cegumls cmokcefs hurcmtf su
hfscrrleel, dlkl fe dckbol quf suarf um rfmcducnl pcrc dlmvfrtorsf fm
rcmc l umc lrugc pcrc eefgcr c sfr kcroplsc. Fm fsf sfmtohl, Ycbel fstã
hodofmhl quf ec trcmsalrkcdoôm hf ec kfmtf
kfmt f dlmeefvc umc kftcklralsos, fs
hfdor, pcscr hf um fstchl c ltrl. Fstl okpeodc dckbocr hf kcmfrc
k cmfrc hf sfr y
hf pfmscr, y ml pfrkotor quf fe kumhl mls klehff c su okcgfm.
ok cgfm.
Ecs dlrrofmtfs hf fstf kumhl omtlxodcm mufstrc kfmtf, mls cefncm hf Hols,
y mls okpohfm dlmldfr su vleumtch. Fs plr fstl quf, so qufrfkls dlmldfr
ec vleumtch hf Hols, cqufeel quf fs bufml, cgrchcbef y pfrafdtl, el prokfrl
prok frl
quf mfdfsotckls jcdfr fs rfmlvcr mufstrc kfmtf, y fsc rfmlvcdoôm
dlkofmzc ducmhl hfdohokls ml chcptcrmls c fstf kumhl. Ml hfb hfbfkls
fkls
hfncrmls klehfcr plr ecs dlmhudtcs y ecs dlstukbrfs pfdckomlscs
pfdcko mlscs hf fstf
sogel plrquf
kfmtorc dchc chcptcdoôm
quf cbrczckls alrkctofmf umc quf
um ëhlel kfmtorc trcs bckbceomcs.
chlrckls,bckbceo
y dchcmcs. _ dchc
ëhlel dch
qufc
chlrckls mls cefnc hf Hols. Ce
Ce aomce, mufstrc chcptcdoôm ce k
kumhl
umhl tfrkomc
eefvãmhlmls c chlrcr ëhlels quf mls rfdlmldfkls dlkl ëhlels.
ë hlels.
TCXCMÃT

Dlkl
hf tfrdfrfsarfmtf
kcevchl hf bctceec
bcstcmtf cstutl.tfmfkls c Tctcmãs,
Yufs rfsuetc um fmfkogl
quf, tcmtl quf chfkãs
ec lplsodoôm quf
rfdobokls hf ec dcrmf dlkl ec e c quf rfdobokls hfe kumhl slm crkcs uschcs
plr Tctcmãs
Tctcmã s pcrc jcdfrmls
jcd frmls arfmtf
ar fmtf fm ec
e c gufrrc fsporotuce
fspor otuce.. Ïe lpfrc c trcvïs
t rcvïs
hfe kumhl vfmhoïmhlmls kfmtorcs quf sfhudfm mufstrc dcrmf y mls eefvcm
c pfdcr fm dlmtrc hf Hols. Dlkl umc dlkputchlrc quf gucrhc um jostlroce
hf els dlkcmhls quf su usucrol kãs utoeozc, dlm fe lbnftovllbnfto vl hf prldfscrels
y gfmfrcr sugfrfmdocs fm bcsf c sus prfafrfmdocs, csë tckboïm Tctcmãs y sus
sfducdfs fstuhocm c els jonls
jon ls hf Hols, tlkcmhl mltc hf sus pcsolmfs
dcrmcefs, hf cqufeecs dlscs quf efs slm ldcsoôm hf pfdcr, pcrc eufgl
tfmtcrels uscmhl dlkl cmzufel sus prlpocs pcsolmfs (Ttg 3>38).
Tlbrf Tctcmãs, fe cutlr F. K. Blumhs fsdroboô> ―Fe hocbel fs um dcrãdtfr
plsotovl.
plsot ovl. Fs hfdor,
hfdo r, ïe sf hosarcz
ho sarczc,
c, pfrl sus lbnftov
lbn ftovls
ls fstãm
fstã m lrofmtchls
lrofmt chls fm
umc slec horfddoôm. Ïe tofmf
to fmf hlbef dcrc, pfrl mumdc hlbef ãmokl, mumdc
omhfdosl, vcgl l hïboe fm sus prlpôsotls l aomfs. Momgumc orrfsleudoôm,
vcdoecdoôm l cddoôm som rukbl surgfm nckãs hf ïe‛. 38 Fm ltrcs pcecbrcs,
Tctcmãs fs um fmfkogl sfgurl hf së koskl quf fstã decrl de crl fm duãe fs su
lbnftovl> mufstrc hfstruddoôm. Ylr tcmtl, ïe tckpldl fs pcsovl fm fe dckpl
hf bctceec y jcdf tlhl
t lhl el plsobef pcrc fmgcócrmls, sfhudormls y eefvcrmls c
pfdcr.. Fs plr fsl
pfdcr
quf fe cpôstle Yfhrl el hfsdrobf dlkl um efôm rugofmtf quf cmhc ce csfdjl,
busdcmhl c quoïm
quo ïm hfvlrcr (3 Y 6>:). Tctcmãs
Tct cmãs fs um chvfrscr
chv frscrolol quf ml sf
actogc y quf ml sf hostrcf hf su lbnftovl. Ïe pcsc ecs vfomtoductrl
vfomto ductrl jlrcs hfe
hëc pecmfcmhl mufstrl kce, y ducmhl umc hf sus fstrctfgocs
fst rctfgocs ml aumdolmc,
Tctcmãs pcsc c ec prôxokc jcstc fmdlmtrcr ec kcmfrc
k cmfrc pfrafdtc hf jcdfrmls
dcfr.
Dlkl yc jfkls kfmdolmchl, fm umc ldcsoôm fe Tfólr Nfsudrostl
dlkpcrtoô umc jostlroc dlm sus hosdëpuels quf jly dlmldfkls dlkl ec
pcrãblec
pcrãble
jcdf c hfe sfkbrchlr
lplsodoômsfkcebrchlr
cvcmdf(Kctfl
( Kctfl 34>4-24),
34> 4-24),
hfe fvcmgfeol fmhlmhf Ïe oeustrc
ec tofrrc. oeust rc dôkl Tc
Ce fxpeodcrefsTctcmãs
ectcmãs
pcrãble c, Nfsþs efs
pcrãblec, e fs honl
hon l el soguofmtf
sogu ofmtf>> ―_ fe dckpl
dck pl fs fe kumhl0
k umhl0 ec bufmc
sfkoeec slm els jonls hfe rfoml, y ec dozcóc slm els jonls hfe kceogml0 fe
fmfkogl quf ec sfkbrô fs fe hocbel, ec sofgc so fgc fs fe aom hfe k
kumhl,
umhl, y els
sfgchlrfs slm els ãmgfefs‛ (Kt 34>4:-4?). Fstc plrdoôm hf ecs Fsdroturcs
mls pfrkotf dlkprlbcr quf dofrtckfmtf
dofrtck fmtf Tctcmãs ml fs pcsovl fm su gufrrc
dlmtrc els drfyfmtfs.
omhfsfcbef, Ec dozcóc
pufs dlkpotf dlm ecsfspecmtcs
umc pecmtc soevfstrf
duetovchcs dlmsohfrchc
dcusãmhlefs hcól, y
Drostl tlkc fsf dlmdfptl y el usc hf fnfkpel pcrc oeustrcr
oe ustrcr dôkl fe hocbel
fstã trcbcncmhl cdtovckfmtf fm fe kumhl
k umhl dlm fe prlpôsotl hf hfstruor ec
Ogefsoc hf Drostl.
Fm su cstudoc, fe hocbel cprlvfdjc ducequofr lplrtumohch pcrc omaoetrcr ec
Ogefsoc y sfkbrcr dozcóc
do zcóc fm fe pufbel hf Hols, drfcmhl
drfcmhl hovosoôm y
fmfkostch fmtrf els kofkbrls
k ofkbrls l els eë
eëhfrfs
hfrfs hf umc ogefsoc. Cjlrc bofm, el
omdrfëbef hf tlhl fs quf ec koskc
kos kc pcrãblec mls fmsfóc quf fsc dozcóc quf
fs sfkbrchc
pfrko
pfrkotf
tf quf feplrtrogl
trofeglfmfkogl tofmf
y ec dozcóc
do zcóc umdcm
prlpôsotl
drfzdcm
drfz numtls fm els pecmfs
numt ls plrquf t rcvïshfhfHols.
c trcvïs ec Ïe
e c dozcóc
Hols fmsfóc c sus jonls c pfefcr ec bufmc bctceec. Ïe mls fmsfóc c pfrhlmcr,
c jukoeecrmls y c hfpfmhfr kãs hf Ïe. Csokoskl, ec dozcóc mls cguzc fe
hosdfrmokofmtl y mls fmsfóc quf els jonls hf Hols y els jonls hfe kceogml k ceogml
pufhfm eudor
eudo r kuy sokos okoecrf
ecrfss hfshf caufrc,
ca ufrc, dlkl
dlk l sudfhoô dlm
d lm Nuhcs, pfrl
pfr l
Hols fvfmtucekfmtf sf fmdcrgc hf plmfr fm fvohfmdoc su rfce r fce mcturcefzc
ducmhl eefgc fe tofkpl hf ec dlsfdjc (Kt 7>36-37).
DÔKL DCKBOC TCXCMÃT MVFTXRC ALRKC HF YFMTCR

Fm fe dcpëtuel cmtfrolr vokls dlkl ec bctceec fsporotuce sf eobrc fm fe

tfrrfml hf ec kfmtf. Fm fstc sfgumhc pcrtf vfrfkls hf quï kcmfrc fe
fmfkogl elgrc
dckbocr mufstrc alrkc hf pfmscr hf kcmfrc
k cmfrc quf plhckls klmtcr um
dlmtrctcquf pcrc rfsostor sus
s us crtokcócs. Ml levohfkls quf tfmfkls um
dlmtromdcmtf quf fs cstutl, kcevchl,
k cevchl, som fsdrþpuel quf lhoc c Drostl, c
quofm tlhl fe umovfrsl hfbf lbfhofmdoc y c tlhl fe quf ef ssoguf
oguf fm
rfdlmldokofmtl hf su sfólrël. Fm su prokfr cscetl slbrf ec tofrrc,
t ofrrc, Tctcmãs
elgrô dckbocr ec alrkc
alrk c dlkl Fvc y eufgl Ch Chãm
ãm dckbocrlm su kfmtceohch
dlm rfecdoôm c ec arutc prljobohc y sus dlmsfdufmdocs.
Fm prokfr eugcr, Tctcmãs busdc fmgcócrmls c trcvïs
tr cvïs hf pfrslmcs dlmldohcs
l ml. Yfhrl auf uschl plr Tctcmãs pcrc trctcr hf hftfmfr c Drostl ducmhl
obc dckoml c Nfrusceïm> ―Hfshf fmtlmdfs Nfsudrostl dlkfmzô c hfdecrcr c
Tus hosdëpuels quf hfbëc or c Nfrusceïm y suaror kudjcs dlscs hf pcrtf hf
els cmdocmls, hf els promdopcefs scdfrhltfs y hf els fsdrobcs, y sfr kufrtl,
k ufrtl,
y rfsudotcr ce tfrdfr hëc. Xlkcmhl
Xlkcmhl cpcrtf c Nfsþs, Yfhrl el rfprfmhoô>
r fprfmhoô> ―¡Ml
el pfrkotc Hols, Tfólr!
Tfólr! Fsl mumdc tf cdlmtfdfrã‛. Yfrl vlevoïmhlsf Ïe,
honl c Yfhrl> ―¡Suëtctf hf hfecmtf hf Kë, Tctcmãs! Kf frfs pofhrc hf
trlpofzl0 plrquf ml fstãs pfmscmhl fm ecs dlscs hf Hols, soml fm ecs hf eelsls
jlkbrfs‛ (Kt 31>23-24). Cpfmcs umls vfrsëduels cmtfs, Yfhrl jcbëc
dlmafschl c Nfsþs dlkl fe Drostl, fe Jonl hfe Hols vovofmtf. _ pldl tofkpl
hfspuïs mfdfsotô sfr rfprfmhohl plr fe Tfólr plr sfr um omstrukfmtl hf
Tctcmãs pcrc trctcr hf fvotcr quf Nfsþs soguofrc
so guofrc jcdoc Nfrusceïm hlmhf sfrëc
drudoaodchl. Fe cpôstle Ycbel mls chvortoô c trcvïs hf ec dcrtc c els
dlromtols cdfrdc hf dôkl ecs pfrslmcs c mufstrl cerfhfhlr
cer fhfhlr pufhfm
hfsvocrmls hf ec hfvldoôm
dlkpcóëcs dlrrlkpfm c Hols> dlstukbrfs‟‛
ecs bufmcs ―Ml sf hfnfm‛ fmgcócr>
dlstukbrfs‟ ‚Ecs Jcy
(3 Dl 36>44). kce cs
kcecsumc
dfrtfzc hftrãs hf fstc chvfrtfmdoc quf fs omdufstolmcbef. Dofrtckfmtf, ecs
kcecs dlkpcóëcs dlrrlkpfrãm mufstrls pfmsckofmtls, mufstrls vcelrfs,
mufstrl fstoel hf vohc y tlhl mufstrl dckomcr
dcko mcr.. Ml fs umc plsoboeohch, soml
umc rfceohch quf jc hf ldurror tcrhf l tfkprcml so ml mls cefnckls
cefnck ls hf
cqufeels quf vovfm hf alrkc hoafrfmtf c dlkl Hols mls jc lrhfmchl. Yfrl
fsc ml fs ec þmodc kcmfrc dlkl fe fmfkogl
fmfko gl elgrc okpcdtcr mufstrc k kfmtf.
fmtf.
Ducmhl Ycbel fsdroboô c els dlelsfmsfs, efs chvortoô hf ec
Ducmhl e c plsoboeohch hf
sfr hfsvochls hfe dckoml plr pfrslmcs quf fmsfócbcm hldtromcs rfectovcs c
els ãmgfefs> ―Korfm quf mchof els jcgc dcutovls plr kfhol hf su aoelslaëc
ao elslaëc
y vcmcs sutoefzcs, sfgþm ec trchodoôm hf els jlkbrfs, dlmalrkf c els
promdopols
promdo pols fefkfmt
fe fkfmtcefs
cefs hfe kumhl y ml sfgþm
sfg þm Drostl‛ (Dle 2>:).
2>:) . Ducmhl um
acesl kcfstrl tufrdf
t ufrdf ecs Fsdroturcs pcrc bfmfaodol prlpol y fmsfóc
hldtromcs quf dlmtrchodfm ec rfvfecdoôm hf Hols, fstã hfklstrcmhl sfr um
omstrukfmtl
fm ecs kcmls hf Tctcmãs, pufs fe fmfkogl usc fscs acescs fmsfócmzcs pcrc
hfsvocr c els drfyfmtfs hf ec vfrhch. Fe dckbol hf drffmdoc okpeodc
okpeo dc um
dckbol hf kfmtf prfvol.
Fm sfgumhl eugcr,
eugcr, els pctrlmfs hf fstf kumhl slm ltrc hf ecs k kþetopefs
þetopefs
crkcs quf fe fmfkogl utoeozc
utoe ozc pcrc dckbocr mufstrl pfmsckofmtl. Ylr fsl,
ec Bobeoc mls eeckc c ml chcptcrmls c ecs dlrrofmtfs
dlrr ofmtfs hf fstf kumhl, soml c
sfr trcmsalrkchls kfhocmtf ec rfmlvcdoôm hf mufstrc kfmtf pcrc quf
plhckls dlmldfr
d lmldfr duãe fs ec vleumtch
vle umtch hf Hols> quf fs bufmc, cdfptcbef
cdf ptcbef y
pfrafd tc (Rl 32>2).
pfrafdtc 32>2) .
DCKBOCHC EC KFMXF, DCKBOCHL MVFTXRL FTXOEL HF
QOHC
Fe rfomchl hf Vzëcs tofmf cegl quf fmsfócrmls fm ducmtl
ducmtl c ec okplrt
okplrtcmdoc
cmdoc
hf gucrhcr mufstrc kfmtf. Ec Ycecbrc hf Hols fmsfóc quf ―ducmhl Pïe[
eefgô c sfr aufrtf, su dlrczôm sf jozl tcm lrgueelsl quf lbrô
dlrruptckfmtf, y auf omaofe
omao fe ce TFÓLR su Hols, pufs fmtrô ce tfkpel
tfkpe l hfe
TFÓLR
TFÓ LR pcrc
pcrc qufkcr omdofmsl slbrf fe cetcr hfe omdofmsl‛ (2 Dr 21>31).
Vzëcs fstuvl sorvofmhl ce Tfólr aofekfmtf plr cóls, pfrl arutl hfe ïxotl
quf tuvl hurcmtf su rfomchl, su alrkc hf pfmsckofmtl auf dckbocmhl y
fvfmtucekfmtf dckboô tckboïm su kcmfrc
k cmfrc hf dlmhudorsf hfecmtf hf Hols.
Fm su lrgueel, ïe sf ctrfvoô c larfdfr scdroaodols
scdroao dols fm fe tfkpel, cegl quf
Hols jcbëc rfsfrvchl fxdeusovckfmtf pcrc els scdfrhltfs (Ïx 49>3-390 Mk
31>89). _ fsf lrgueel mcdoô dlkl rfsuetchl hf um dckbol
dck bol hf pfmsckofmtl.
Hf prlmtl dckboô Vzëcs, y plr sfr fe rfy hf Nuhã, fm su crrlgcmdoc pfmsô
quf tfmëc tlhl fe hfrfdjl hf cdfrdcrsf ce cetcr hfe Tfólr y larfdfr omdofmsl.
Hf ec koskc kcmfrc, ce prfsfmtf fxostfm eëhfrfs drostocmls y lvfncs fm
gfmfrce quf pofmscm quf fe rle quf fnfrdfm y / l ecs bfmhodolmfs quf jcm
rfdobohl hf pcrtf hfe Tfólr efs ltlrgcm cutlkãtodckfmtf
cutlkãtodck fmtf fe hfrfdjl hf
jcdfr dlscs quf ltrls drfyfmtfs ml jcm tfmohl
t fmohl fe hfrfdjl l ec lplrtumohch
hf jcdfr.
jcdfr. Fstl sudfhf ducmhl fe lrgueel omvchf mufstrc kfmtf y
dlkfmzckls c pfmscr quf fe komostfrol
komostfr ol y els hlmfs quf mls jcm sohl
fmtrfgchls ml slm hãhovcs hfe dofel, soml elgrls,
e lgrls, dcpcdohchfs l kïrotls
prlpols quf mls jcdfm supfrolr
s upfrolrfs
fs c els hfkãs.
hf kãs. Tctcmãs
Tct cmãs hostrcf
hos trcf mufstrc
muf strc
kfmtf hf ec vfrhch y mls eefmc hf lrgueel, pufs ïe scbf kuy bofm quf
―hfecmtf hf ec hfstruddoôm vc fe lrgueel, y hfecmtf hf ec dcëhc, ec cetovfz
cet ovfz hf
fspërotu‛ (Yr 31>3:).
TCX
TCXCMÃT HLKOMC
HLK OMC MVFTXRL DLKYLRXCKOFMXL
DLKYLRXCKOFMXL YLR
KFHOL HFE XFKLR
Dlkl dlmsfdufmdoc
dlmsfdufmdoc hf ec dcëhc hfe jlkbrf, fe tfklr
tfk lr pcsô c alrkcr pcrtf
hf ec mcturcefzc jukcmc. Hfshf fmtlmdfs, fe tfklr fs fxpfrokfmtchl plr
dchc sfr jukcml hf kþetopefs kcmfrcs, fm hostomtls
host omtls grchls hf omtfmsohch y
dlm kcylr
kfmtf, fstflhlkomc
kfmlr arfdufmdoc.
ar fdufmdoc.
mufstrl Ducmhl
Ducmhl fe
dlkplrtcko
dlkplrtckofmtl. tfklr
fmtl. Hf sf
jfdcplhfrc
jl, fm fehfeobrl
jfdjl, mufstrc
Fe CHM
hf ecs rfecdolmfs , Gcry Tkceefy caorkc quf tlhcs mufstrcs rfcddolmfs
mfgctovcs slm hospcrchcs plr mufstrls tfklrfs hfbohl c mufstrcs
omsfgurohchfs. Fm ltrcs pcecbrcs, dchc vfz quf mlsltrls jfkls
rfcddolmchl dlm orc, dfels, fmvohoc, lrgueel l hf ducequofr ltrc kcmfrc quf
ml rfaefnc fe dcrãdtfr hf Hols, el þmodl quf jc pcschl fs quf ce ceguofm
guofm l cegl
hospcrô um tfklr fm mlsltrls quf mls eefvô c dlkplrtcrmls hf fsc kcmfrc.
Tctcmãs, dlmldofmhl fstcs dlscs, busdc ctfklrozcr c els e ls drfyfmtfs dlm fe
prlpôsotl
prlpôso tl hf omtoko
omt okohcrels
hcrels y hlkomcr
hlkomc r csë sus
s us pfmsckofmt
pfmsck ofmtls,
ls, pufs umc vfz ïe
elgrc hlkomcr susVm
dlkplrtckofmtl. pfmsckofmtls, elgrceltckboïm
fnfkpel hf fstl hlkomcr
vfkls fm su pcscnf hf
fe soguofmtf
ecs Fsdroturcs>
―_ cdlmtfdoô ce hëc soguofmtf quf um fspërotu kcel hf pcrtf hf Hols sf
cplhfrô hf Tcþe, y fstf hfeorcbc fm kfhol hf ec dcsc, kofmtrcs Hcvoh
tldcbc fe crpc dlm su kcml dlkl hf dlstukbrf. Tcþe tfmëc ec ecmzc fm ec
kcml, y Tcþe ef crrlnô ec ecmzc, pufs sf honl>
hon l> «Decvcrï c Hcvoh fm ec
pcrfh°.
Yfrl Hcvoh el fvchoô hls vfdfs. Tcþe tfkëc c Hcvoh, plrquf fe TFÓLR
TFÓLR
fstcbc dlm ïe, pfrl Ïe sf jcbëc cpcrtchl hf Tcþe‛. (3 T 3:>39-32, ïmacsos
cóchohl)
Dlkl Hols sf jcbëc cpcrtchl hf Tcþe, fe rfy qufhô c fxpfmscs hf Tctcmãs
y um fspërotu hfklmëcdl dlkfmzô c ctlrkfmtcrel jcstcjcst c eefvcrel c vfr, hfdor
y jcdfr dlscs orrcdolmcefs. Fm su hfeorol, Tcþe sf auf eefmcmhl hf tfklr
jcdoc Hcvoh plrquf rfdlmldëc quf ec umdoôm hf Hols fstcbc slbrf ïe, y fsf
tfklr hlkomô su dlkplrtckofmtl y ef jozl ctfmtcr dlmtrc ec vohc hf
Hcvoh.
EC CMTOFHCH _ EC KFMXF
Ec cmsofhch ml fs kãs quf um fstchl
fst chl hf omtrcmquoeohch quf fm cegumc
dordumstcmdoc, fvfmtl l c trcvïs hf pfrslmcs elgrc jcdfrmls sfmtor
omsfgurls y fmtlmdfs tfkfkls. Ec cmsofhch sf dlmvofrtf fm um grcvf
prlbefkcc plrquf mls hostrc
prlbefk ho strcf,
f, mls vufevf oeôgodls
o eôgodls,, mls pcrce
pcrceozc,
ozc, mls
dlmaumhf y mls jcdf sfmtor omtokohchls. Ylr fsc rczôm, C. W. Xlzfr hfdëc
quf ―fe tfklr fs hf ec dcrmf y fe pãmodl hfe hocbel‛. 36 Cjlrc bofm, fstl ml
quofrf hfdor quf dchc vfz quf fxpfrokfmtckls tfklr, cmsofhch l
hfscslsofgl fs plrquf fstckls sofmhl ctlrkfmtchls plr um fspërotu kcel kce l
dlkl ldurroô dlm fe rfy
r fy Tcþe, soml quf fsls fstchls hf ãmok
ãmokll ml prlvofmfm
hf Hols plrquf Ïe ml mls jc hchl um fspërotu hf dlbcrhëc, soml
so ml hf plhfr,
hf cklr y hf hlkomol prlpol (2
Xo 3>7). Drostl koskl honl> ―Ec pcz efs hfnl, Ko pcz efs hly0 ml sf ec hly c
ustfhfs dlkl fe kumhl ec hc. Ml sf turbf su dlrczôm mo tfmgc kofhl‛ (Nm
38>27). Hf
Hf kcmfrc quf, hftrãs hfe kofhl y ec cmsofhch fm prok
prokfrc
frc
omstcmdoc
fm þetokc fstã mufstrc
omstcmdoc k fmtf dcëhcc quf
kfmtf
fmdlmtrckls fs arãgoe
Tctcmãs, quofmy prlpfmsc ce tfklr,
cstutckfmtf sf pfrl
cprlvfdjc hf ec hfboeohch quf dcrcdtfrozc c mufstrc mcturcefzc dcëhc pcrc
ctfklrozcrmls y jcdfrmls rfcddolmcr fm bcsf c fsf tfklr
tfk lr..
Ylr fstc rczôm, fm su dcrtc c els aoeopfmsfs,
aoeo pfmsfs, Ycbel mls hfnô ec soguofmtf
fxjlrtcdoôm> ―Ylr mchc fstïm cacmlsls0 cmtfs bofm, fm tlhl, kfhocmtf
lrcdoôm y sþpeodc dlm cddoôm hf grcdocs, sfcm hchcs c dlmldfr sus
pftodolmfs
pftod olmfs hfecmtf
hfe cmtf hf Hols.
Hols . _ ec pcz hf Hols, quf slbrfpcsc
slbrf pcsc tlhl
fmtfmhokofmtl, gucrhcrã sus dlrczlmfs y sus kfmtfs fm Drostl Nfsþs‛ (Aoe
8>1-7). C trcvïs hf fstcs pcecbrcs, fe cpôstle Ycbel mls pfrkotf vfr ec
dlmfxoôm quf fxostf fmtrf fe tfklr y ec cmsofhch fm mufstrl omtfrolr (fm
mufstrc kfmtf) y ec fxpfrofmdoc l cusfmdoc hf ec pcz hf Hols. Ducmhl fe
drfyfmtf vovf eefml hf cmsofhch y hf tfklr, fs omdcpcz hf fxpfrokfmtcr ec
pcz hovomc
hovo mc quf trcsdofmh
tr csdofmhff fe fmtfmhok
fmt fmhokofmtl
ofmtl aomot
a omotll hfe sfr jukcml, pufs fe
tfklr y ec cmsofhch slm fvohfmdocs hf umc acetc hf dlmaocmzc fm ec
slbfrcmëc y fe duohchl blmhchlsl hf mufstrl Hols. Hf cjë quf, Tctcmãs usf
fe tfklr dlkl umc hf sus fstrctfgocs
fstrct fgocs hf ctcquf dlmtrc els jonls hf Hols,
pufs umc vohc
voh c hlkomchc
hlkomc hc plr ec cmsofhch
c msofhch y fef e tfklr
tfk lr fs umc vohc
vo hc quf
dlmstcmtfkfmtf plmf fm huhc fe dcrãdtfr hf Hols y tlhl cqufeel quf Ïe jc
rfvfechl.
Fmtlmdfs, dlmldofmhl
dlmldofmhl ec okplrtcmdoc hf gucrhcr mufstrc kfmtf hf fstcs
fst cs
dlscs, quf eckfmtcbefkfmtf slm kãs dlkumfs fm ec vohc hfe drfyfmtf hf el el
quf okcgomckls, fe cpôstle Ycbel ef rfdufrhc c els aoeopfmsfs
ao eopfmsfs quf ec kfnlr
kcmfrc hf dlmtrctcdcr y fvchor ec cmsofhch fs prfsfmtãmhlmls hfecmtf hf
Hols fm lrcdoôm dlm umc cdtotuh hf jukoehch
jukoe hch y cgrchfdokofmtl,
rfdlmldofmhl quf mchc hf el quf fmarfmtckls fm fstc vohc fsdcpc ce
dlmtrle cbsleutl hf mufstrl bufm Hols.
TCXCMÃT _ EC ORC
Fm ec Ycecbrc hf Hols fmdlmtrckls suaodofmtf
suaodofmt f fvohfmdoc hf quf fe fmlnl fs
umc hf ecs crkcs prfafrohcs plr Tctcmãs fm ec gufrrc fsporotuce
fspor otuce dlmtrc els
jonls hf Hols. Cjlrc bofm, ducmhl mls
mls fmlnckls dlmtrc ce ceguofm,
guofm, ¼quï fs el
quf sf fmlnc, soml mufstrc kfmtf< Fstl okpeodc quf cmtfs hf quf mufstrl
fmlnl sf kcmoaofstf fxtfrmckfmtf
fxtfrmck fmtf jcy um dckbol hf pfmsckofmtl, cdtotuh l
fstchl hfe ãmokl quf surgf prokfrl fm mufstrl omtfrolr
omtfr olr y quf mls eefvc c
dlkplrtcrmls hf hftfrkomchc kcmfrc. Ylr fsl, fe cpôstle Ycbel fxjlrtc c
els drfyfmtfs fm Ïafsl hodoïmhlefs> ―Ylr tcmtl, hfncmhl c um echl ec
acesfhch, JCBEFM QFRHCH DCHC DVCE DLM TV YRÔNOKL , plrquf
slkls kofkbrls
kofk brls els umls hf els ltrls. Fmônfmsf, pfrl ml pfqufm0 ml sf
plmgc fe sle slbrf
slbr f su fmlnl, mo hfm lplrtu
lplrtumohch ho cbel‛ (Fa 8>26-27,
mohch ce hocbel‛
ïmacsos cóchohl).
Ce effr fstf pcscnf, el prokfrl quf mls eeckc
eeck c ec ctfmdoôm fs dôkl ec
Ycecbrc hf Hols dlmstcmtfkfmtf mls kufstrc fe dlmtrcstf fmtrf ec e c vfrhch y
ec kfmtorc, ec euz
e uz y ecs tomofbecs. Fm sfgumhl eugcr, mltf quf fm fe tfxtl jcy
umc decrc chvfrtfmdoc c ml pfrkotor quf fe fmlnl sf prlelmguf plrquf
ducmhl fe fmlnl sf prlelmgc tfrkomc
tfrko mc hlkomcmhl mufstrc kfmtf, y ducmhl
ec kfmtf fs hlkomchc plr ltrc dlsc quf ml sfc fe Fspërotu
Fspëro tu hf Hols qufhc c
fxpfmscs hf Tctcmãs. FstcFstc auf nustckfmtf ec fxpfrofmdoc hfe sceko
scekostc
stc quf ef
eefvô c hfdor> ―Ducmhl ko dlrczôm sf eefmô hf ckcrgurc, y fm ko omtfrolr omtfr olr
sfmtëc pumzchcs, fmtlmdfs frc yl tlrpf y som fmtfmhokofmtl0 frc dlkl umc
bfstocc hfecmtf
bfsto hfecmt f hf Xo‛ (Tce 74>23-22).
74>23-22 ). Lbvockfmtf,
Lbvockfmt f, ml auf fe dlrczôm
d lrczôm aësodl
aë sodl
hfe scekostc
scekost c el quf sf eefmô hf ckcrgurc, soml su kfmtf. _ hf cegumc
kcmfrc, Tctcmãs usô ec ckcrgurc hfe scekostc pcrc omhudorel c dlkplrtcrsf
tlmtc f mufstrl
plsffr orrcdolmcek
orrcdolmcekfmtf.
muf fmtf.
strl dufrpl
du frpl Csëomhudormls
pcrc fs dlkl fec fmfkogl
o mhudormls pfdcr0 ïe lpfrc.
slel Ïe mlquf
sle l tofmf tofmf
eefmquf
eefmcrmls
crmls
hf tfklr, cmsofhch y ckcrgurc pcrc csë hostrcfr
hostr cfr y dlmaumhor mufstrc kfmtf
jcstc eefvcrmls c pfmscr y dlkplrtcrmls hf klhl orrcdolmce y aufrc
a ufrc hf
dlmtrle.
Fe fmlnl fs umc hf ecs crkcs prfafrohcs plr Tctcmãs fm ec gufrrc fsporotuce
fspor otuce
plrquf fe fmlnl,
hlkomcmhl fspfdocek
fspfkfmtf
mufstrc docekfmtf
fmtf ducmhl
dlkl ducmh l fs fxtrfkl
fxtr Fm
yc ceuhokls. fklfsf
y prlelmgchl,
prle lmgchl, tfrkomc
sfmtohl, tfr komc

drffkls aorkfkfmtf quf fm ec gufrrc fsporotuce fxostf umc dlmfxoôm fmtrf

ec kfmtorc, ec acesfhch, fe fmlnl y ec omaeufmdoc quf ecs aufrzcs fsporotucefs
hf kcehch fnfrdfm slbrf mufstrcs vohcs. Ec orc hostlrsolmc mufstrls
pfmsckofmtls
pfmsck ofmtls,, ec omtfmdolmce
omt fmdolmceohch
ohch quf fe ltrl tofmf
t ofmf pcrc
pcr c dlm mlsltrls,
mlslt rls, ec
kcmfrc dlkl pfrdobokls ec omalrkcdoôm y dôkl trcmskotokls fsc
omalrkcdoôm c ltrls, f omdeusl ec kcmfrc
k cmfrc dlkl mls fxprfsckls y
dlkplrtckls arfmtf c els hfkãs. Hf kcmfrc quf, ec trëchc hf fmlnl,

acesfhch y kfmtorc
fxtrclrhomcroc cbrf ec vohcs.
fm mufstrcs pufrtc pcrc umc omaeufmdoc hfklmëcdc

8
EC BCXCEEC YLR EC QFRHCH
―Ylrquf feels dckbocrlm ec vfrhch hf Hols plr ec kfmtorc, y chlrcrlm y
sorvofrlm c ec drocturc
droct urc fm eugcr hfe Drfchlr, quofm fs bfmhotl plr els sogels.
Ckïm‛. (Rl 3>26) E c kfnlr fvohfmdoc hf ec cstudoc
cst udoc hf Tctcmãs fs quf ïe
jc elgrchl fmgcócr c ec Ogefsoc hf Drostl rfspfdtl c ec mcturcefzc hf ec
bctceec
bctce ec quf fstckls
fst ckls eobrcmhl
e obrcmhl.. Tu fstrctfgoc
fstrct fgoc jc sohl
s ohl eefvcr
ee fvcr c els
e ls jonls
jon ls hf
Hols c drffr ec kfmtorc
k fmtorc hf quf ec gufrrc fsporotuce fs umc eudjc hf plhfr. plhfr.
Eckfmtcbefkfmtf, hfmtrl hf ec ogefsoc ectomlckfrodcmc kudjls slm els
quf jcm drfëhl fstc kfmtorc y dlkl rfsuetchl
rfsuet chl ml jcm scbohl eudjcr hf ec
kcmfrc chfduchc y jcm tfrkomchl pfrhofmhl kudjcs bctceecs. bctce ecs. Fstc
dlmausoôm fm ducmtl c ec mcturcefzc hf ec bctceec fs ec e c rczôm plr ec quf fm
cegumcs hfmlkomcdolmfs drostocmcs sf jcbec tcmtl hf ctcr y fxpuescr
hfklmols, hf rfdeckcr y poscr bfmhodolmfs, y hf ec mfdfsohch hf
crrfbctcref dlscs c Tctcmãs quf ml ef pfrtfmfdfm c ïe. Mlsltrls ml tfmfkls
momgþm plhfr pcrc ctcr y hfsctcr cqufeecs dlscs quf yl prldeckl. Fsc fs
umc omtfrprftcdoôm
rfprfsfmtcm frrômfcquf
fe fvcmgfeol hfecbrf
pcscnf hf Kctfl
ec pufrtc hf ec31>3? hlmhfdlkl
scevcdoôm ecs eecvfs
vfkls fm