Water-Filled Glass (WFG) As A Heat Displacement System For Saving Energy in Buildings

CONFERENCE SESSIONS
JUNE 14-16, 2023
NOKIA ARENA
TAMPERE, FINLAND
#GPD2023
www.gpd.fi
June 14-16, 2023 | Nokia Arena | Tampere, Finland
Water-Filled Glass as a heat displacement system

for saving energy in buildings
First presented in GPD 2023

Introduction
 Water-filled Glass (WFG) is a façade system that:
 Utilizes glass and water as structural component
 Water volume is connected to a mechanical system
 Water can be heated and cooled to control surface temperature of the
glass

Introduction
glass
 Significance:
 Water-filled Glass (WFG) facades manage energy demand in the
building envelope instead of heating/cooling indoors, which is a shift in
the way we operate buildings
 This solution can be combined with standard options as an addition to
existing energy saving strategies, improving energy-efficiency even
further

Introduction
glass
 Significance:
 Water-filled Glass (WFG) facades manage energy demand in the
building envelope instead of heating/cooling indoors, which is a shift in
the way we operate buildings
 This solution can be combined with standard options as an addition to
existing energy saving strategies, improving energy-efficiency even
further
 Water-filled Glass Ltd:

 Water-filled Glass Ltd is a startup that owns the license to Water-
filled Glass technology
 The startup works with glass manufacturers, general contractors
to develop projects globally

Water-filled Glass (WFG) Energy Model

 Conventional (solid) windows
 Convection (approx. 0.5-2%)
 Conduction (approx. 30-33%)
 Radiation (approx. 66%)


 Water-filled Glass (WFG) windows

 Radiation is addressed with a water
layer
 Water layer is connected to a heat
exchanger and gives energy to the
conventional HVAC system
First presented in GPD 2023 Image: Wikipedia



layer



layer
 Energy savings
 Works in all major climates (hot & cold)
 47-72% better than Double Glass
 34-61% better than Triple Glass
(see publications on the next slide)



layer
 Energy savings
 Works in all major climates (hot & cold)
 47-72% better than Double Glass
 34-61% better than Triple Glass

Water-filled Glass (WFG) projects

 Water House 1.0
 Built in Hungary
 SIP construction
 Energy savings as individual panels


 Water House 1.0
 Water House 2.0

 Built in Taiwan
 Frame + infill construction
 Energy savings as a system


 Water House 1.0
 Water House 2.0

 Built in Taiwan
 Frame + infill construction
 Energy savings as a system
 Projects
 Greenhouse project (US)
 Residential (US)
 Industrial (Hungary, Europe)

Water-filled Glass (WFG) technology types

 WFG Newbuild
 Typically triple glass
 Insulation cavity outside


 WFG Newbuild
 WFG retrofit
 Secondary glazing
 WFG installed from the inside


 WFG Newbuild
 WFG retrofit


 WFG Newbuild
 WFG retrofit

Carbon evaluation
A1-A3: 85,931 kgCO2e A4-A5: 12,639 kgCO2e
B1-B4: 2,578 kgCO2e

95.23 kgCO2e per m2 of WFG
C1-4: 2,578 kgCO2e B6-B7: 1,026 kgCO2e
CO2 savings: 66 kgCO2e per m2 of WFG
CO2 ‘payback period’: 1.44 years (~18 months)
First presented in GPD 2023 Image: /the meaning of life: Comparing whole life carbon for gas and electric heating - CIBSE Journal
Types of Energy savings with WFG

 Energy savings as a better
performing window
-> base level (published)


performing window
 Energy savings as a solar water

heater (producing hot water)
-> second level (published)


performing window
 Energy savings as a solar water

heater (producing hot water)
-> second level (published)
 Saving Energy through Energy

Distribution (SEED), e.g. energy
exchange between North-South
facades
-> third level -> topic of today

Saving Energy through Energy Distribution (SEED)
 Example of a typical office building


 Offices oriented to four main
orientation (North, South, East, West)

HEATING DEMAND

 Offices oriented to four main
orientation (North, South, East, West)
 Big question: can these rooms have
very different energy demand at the
same time? Can have one room have
heating demand and the opposite
side cooling?
COOLING DEMAND

Climate Considerations
 Among major Köppen-Geiger climate

regions, regions A (Tropical), B (Hot,
dry) and E (Polar) were excluded
because they have neither heating or
cooling demand

 Among major Köppen-Geiger climate

cooling demand
 The remaining regions were regions
C (temperate) and D (continental)

 Among major Köppen-Geiger climate London

cooling demand New York
 The remaining regions were regions C
(temperate) and D (continental)
 Out of these regions, London and New
York was selected as they have similar
temperatures but different daylight
conditions

Type of windows considered

London: Energy Distribution North - South

DOUBLE GLASS


DOUBLE GLASS


DOUBLE GLASS WATER-FILLED GLASS



London: Energy Distribution East - West

DOUBLE GLASS


DOUBLE GLASS





New York: Energy Distribution North - South

DOUBLE GLASS


DOUBLE GLASS





New York: Energy Distribution East - West

DOUBLE GLASS


DOUBLE GLASS





Conclusions:
Energy Savings with WFG Energy Savings with WFG
City Orientation (base level) (additional savings with SEED)
London North - South 3.66% - 9.68%
East - West 58% - 64% 0.12%- 0.15%
New York North - South 10.34% - 12.53%
East - West 62% - 72% 0.72%-1.32%
Key Points:
- SEED produces significant additional energy savings that grants further investigation
- COP of energy exchange is 19 – 25.6 (North – South), and 7.3 – 13.6 (East – West)
- Simulation only considered office hours (between 9:00-17:00). Extended simulation is
expected to show further savings (e.g. for residential use)

Thank you!
More information:
www.waterfilledglass.com
Contact:
Matyas Gutai (LinkedIn)
Email:
matyas@waterfilledglass.com

Thank You
ww.gpd.fi #GPD2023

Water-Filled Glass (WFG) As A Heat Displacement System For Saving Energy in Buildings

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CONFERENCE SESSIONS

JUNE 14-16, 2023

Water-Filled Glass as a heat displacement system

First presented in GPD 2023

First presented in GPD 2023

First presented in GPD 2023

 Water-filled Glass Ltd:

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) Energy Model

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) Energy Model

 Water-filled Glass (WFG) windows

First presented in GPD 2023 Image: Wikipedia

Water-filled Glass (WFG) Energy Model

 Water-filled Glass (WFG) windows

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) Energy Model

 Water-filled Glass (WFG) windows

(see publications on the next slide)

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) Energy Model

 Water-filled Glass (WFG) windows

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) projects

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) projects

 Water House 2.0

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) projects

 Water House 2.0

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) technology types

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) technology types

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) technology types

First presented in GPD 2023

Water-filled Glass (WFG) technology types

First presented in GPD 2023

A1-A3: 85,931 kgCO2e A4-A5: 12,639 kgCO2e

B1-B4: 2,578 kgCO2e

C1-4: 2,578 kgCO2e B6-B7: 1,026 kgCO2e

CO2 savings: 66 kgCO2e per m2 of WFG

CO2 ‘payback period’: 1.44 years (~18 months)

Types of Energy savings with WFG

-> base level (published)

First presented in GPD 2023

Types of Energy savings with WFG

-> base level (published)

 Energy savings as a solar water

-> second level (published)

First presented in GPD 2023

Types of Energy savings with WFG

-> base level (published)

 Energy savings as a solar water

-> second level (published)

 Saving Energy through Energy

-> third level -> topic of today

First presented in GPD 2023

Saving Energy through Energy Distribution (SEED)

 Example of a typical office building

First presented in GPD 2023

Saving Energy through Energy Distribution (SEED)