Auto Re-Closer Basics - 071353

24/05/2022
Auto Recloser Training
facilitating power distribution in the region
APRIL - 2022
Auto Re‐closer Training

• Introduction:
• Participants and Facilitator.
• Share personal job experience.
• Responsibility.
• Breaks:
• Start 8:30 AM – Stop 4:00PM.
• Tea and Lunch breaks.
• Tea time 10:00 AM.
• Lunchbreak 01:00 PM.
• Afternoon Tea break 3:00PM
• Location of washrooms.
• Location of Canteen.
• Emergencies:
• Evacuation route.
• Assembly point.
• Medical emergencies ( 255684711433/255764395755)
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•Rules of Engagements
• Come prepared to engage in the learning.
• Be on time.
• Bring an open mind.
• If you bring a laptop or tablet, don’t cause a distraction
to others by keyboarding or checking your email or
Facebook or whatsapp.
• Leave your cell phone on vibrate or Sounds off and in
your pocket or handbag.
• Participate; ask questions, speak so everyone in the
room can hear you.
• Take notes.
• Return to your workplace prepared to discuss what was
covered with your superiors or team mates.
• Provide feedback on your evaluation about how the
training experience was for you.
Basic Safety tips:

1. PREVENT ALL POTENTIAL CONTACT WITH LIVE ELECTRICAL
CURRENT
2. DE‐ENERGIZE EQUIPMENT AND USE LOCKOUT/TAGOUT.
3. ENSURE SAFE USE OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
4. INSTALL PROPER PHYSICAL BARRIERS AROUND ELECTRICAL
HAZARDS
5. BEWARE OF CONDUCTIVE TOOLS AND CLEANING
MATERIALS
6. WHEN WORKING OVERHEAD, LOOK ABOVE FOR
ELECTRICAL LINES
7. USE EXTREME CAUTION WITH FLAMMABLE MATERIALS
8. ONLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL SHOULD WORK ON LIVE
ELECTRICAL WIRES
9. ALWAYS FOLLOW YOUR COMPANY’S ELECTRICAL SAFETY
WORK PRACTICES
10. ELECTRICAL SHOCK CAN BE DEADLY , ALWAYS TREAT ANY
ELECTRICAL PART AS A LIVE PART UNTIL YOU TEST IT YOUR
SELF, NEVER ASSUME.
11. DO A JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS AND BREAFING BEFORE
WORKS
Benefits and Need

To the Utility companies:
• It makes the company to maintain standards indices used to

measure distribution system reliability.
• Reliability can be defined as the ability of the power system
components to deliver electricity to all points of consumption,
in the QUANTITY & with the QUALITY demanded by the
CONSUMER. Reliability is often measured by the outage
indices defined in one international standard called IEEE 1366
PROFITS
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Benefits and Needs

Standard Reliability Indices
• System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI).
• SAIDI ‐ the average duration of interruptions per consumers
during the year. It is the ratio of the annual duration of
interruptions (sustained) to the number of consumers.
SAIDI (Min) = ( Total duration of sustained interruptions in a year)

total number of consumers
• This Ratio needs to be Low, because if interruptions are not
Maintained at a minimum, will Lead to more outage Time and
Less revenue to the company. Revenue :
Number Occurrence :
Benefits and Needs.

• System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI).
• SAIFI (Nos interruptions/consumer)‐is the average number of
sustained interruptions per consumer during the year. It is the
ratio of the annual number of interruptions to the number of
consumers.
SAIFI = (Total number of sustained interruptions in a year)
(Total number of consumers)
This Ratio needs to be Low, because more occurrence of
interruptions will Lead to more outage time and Less revenue to the
company.
Revenue :
Number Occurrence :
Benefits and Needs:

• Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI)
• MAIFI is the average number of momentary (less than 5

minutes) interruptions per consumer during the year.
• It is the ratio of the annual number of momentary interruptions

to the number of consumers.
MAIFI = (Total number of momentary interruptions in a year )

(Total number of consumers)
Revenue :
Interruptions:
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Benefits and Needs:

Advantages of Auto Re‐closers to achieve Reliability
Standards:
• Minimize power interruptions, increasing revenue for the

Utility companies.
• Restoring system capabilities and critical systems
interconnections.
• Maintains system stabilities.
• Reduces manpower involved which can be relocated to do
other functions.
• Ability to run substations unattended.
• Improves customer satisfaction.
• Increase Reliability factor by reducing downtime

EQUIPMENT AND FAULTS
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE.
• Definition.
• History.
• Block Diagram
• Faults.
• Circuit Breakers (Auto Recloser.)
• Controllers.
• HV Instrumentation.
• Grounding.
Definition of Auto ‐ recloser:
An Auto re‐closer is a Circuit Interrupter equipped with

a mechanism which has ability to automatically close
a CB after it has been opened due to a fault.
sometimes connected to a PT for voltage
measurements
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History of Auto Re‐closer

•First Generation 1940s ‐ 1970s.
Characteristics:
Enclosed metal box.
Oil insulated.
Current transformers.
•Second Generation 1970 ‐ 2000.

Characteristics:
Enclosed metal box.
SF6.
Current transformers.
History of Auto Re‐closer

• Third Generation 1980s – and may still be
produce by some manufacturers
Characteristics:
Enclosed metal box. Rogowski Coils
Air insulated.
Rogowski Coils for measuring current.
• Forth Generation and Latest 1990s to now
Characteristics:
Open pole installations.
Solid insulation.
CTS are used.
Block Diagram
Distribution /transmission
CB
Current measurements
Controller commands
PT
Load
Voltage Supply and
measurements
Controller
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Faults:
Types of Faults in Distribution and Power Lines.
• Transient Faults.
• Semi Permanent.
• Permanent Faults.
Transient Faults:
• Lightning.
• Tree Branches falling on Power lines.
• Animals and Humans short circuiting power lines (e.g. Birds,
cats, cable thieves).
Permanent Faults:
• Collapsed power lines and structures.
• Damaged Power lines and structures.
In General
• Over Current Faults.
• Over voltages.
• Under voltages.
• Ground Faults
Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

Basics Overcurrent Faults and Protection
• Basics of Overcurrent Faults Characteristics.
• Definite Instantaneous Current.

• Definite instantaneous Time current.
• Inverse Definite Minimum Time over current.
• And they all need protection and Protection Relays are
used
• The ANSI device number is 50 for an Instantaneous
overcurrent (IOC) or a Definite Time overcurrent.
And
• 51 for the Inverse Definite Minimum Time. ( IDMT )
Basics Overcurrent Faults and Protection
• Definite Instantaneous Current and protection relay .
• its relay is referred as definite (instantaneous)

overcurrent relay. The relay operates as soon as
the current gets higher than a preset value.
• There is no intentional time delay set or There is

always an inherent time delay of the order of very
few milliseconds if Required.
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• Definite Instantaneous Current or Over current and
protection relay.
Its relay setting is adjusted based on its location in the network.

The relay located furthest from the source, operates for a low
current value.
Precaution:
In the feeder with small impedance, distinguishing between the
fault currents at both ends is difficult and leads to POOR
DISCRIMINATION and little selectivity at high levels of short‐circuit
currents.

Definite Time instantaneous Over current.
In this type, two conditions must be satisfied for
operation (tripping), current must exceed the setting
value and the fault must be continuous for at least a
time equal to the time setting of the relay.
Its relay is created by applying intentional time

delay after crossing pick up value of the current. A
definite time overcurrent relay can be adjusted to
issue a trip output at definite amount of time after it
picks up.
• Thus, it has a time setting and pick up

adjustment. Modern relays may contain more
than one stage of protection each stage includes
its own current and time setting
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• The settings in this kind of relay at different locations in the

network can be adjusted in such a way that the breaker closest
to the fault is tripped in the shortest time and then the other
breakers in the direction toward the upstream network are
tripped successively with longer time delay.
• The disadvantage for this type of protection is that it requires

changes with the addition of load sometimes and that
the short‐circuit fault close to the source may be cleared in a
relatively long time in spite of its highest current value.
Definite Time Over current.
Inverse Time Over current.

In this type, operating time is inversely changed with the current.
So, high current will operate overcurrent relay faster than lower
ones.
They are available with standard inverse, very inverse and

extremely inverse characteristics.
Time v/s Current Grading
The operating time of both overcurrent definite‐time relays and

overcurrent inverse‐time relays must be adjusted in such a way that
the relay closer to the fault trips before any other protection. This
is known as time grading.
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Earth fault Current

What happens when there is an earth fault in a circuit?
In case of an earth fault occurring across one of the phases the

neutral‐to‐ground voltage becomes equal to the voltage across the
faulted phase and also the sum of currents passing through the
healthy phases is equal to the current flowing through the faulted
phase.
Earth fault relays are used in high and medium voltage systems.
These relays are capable of sensing greater fault currents. In case of
phase to ground faults, high currents flow to the grounded neutral
of the transformer. Earth fault relay senses these faults.
.

Major Reason for Earth fault.
• Insulation failure i.e loss dielectric property.
• Physical damages in underground cable or water entering into

the cable drench.
• Overload of the cable which results conductor may get cut and
fall into the ground point.
• Natural disturbance such as falling tree in the conductor, water

flow on the insulator, living things touches live wire and ground
point.
Basics Earth Faults and Protection
• Under healthy conditions, the sum of all the three currents of CTs is
zero and the earth‐fault relay remains inoperative. As soon as
phase‐to‐ground fault occurs unbalancing in currents causes the
earth‐fault relay to operate, which in turn trips the circuit breaker.
• The setting of earth‐fault relays may be made less than rated full‐
load current of the line. The practice followed is to apply relays
having a setting range of 10% to 40%.
• As an example :
A setting of 20% on 300/5 A CT means the relay operates for
primary earth‐fault current of 300/5 x 20/100 = 12 A.
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Earth fault Current – in Auto reclosers.

• Earth Fault Protection are ANSI 50N/50G/ SEF – Earth fault /
Sensitive earth Fault .
• Residual Current calculated or Measured by a 3 phase system. (‐N)

• Residual Current measured directly with a measuring device.(‐G).
Group Activity:
• Group 1: Discuss Basic CBs Components.
• Electromagnetic Actuators.
• Vacuum Interrupters.
• Current Sensors.
• Tripping Systems.
• Voltage sensors.
• Spring charge system.
• Group 2: Discuss Basic Control Components
• Protection Relays.
• Basic Electronics.
• Transistors
• Logic Gates.
Block Diagram
CB
Controller commands
PT
Load
Voltage Supply and
measurements
Controller
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Circuit Breakers (CB):

Definition:
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated
electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
circuit from Damage caused by excess currents from
Overloads OR short Circuit OR Single Phasing.
Classification of CB
Classification according to the Voltage Levels
• Low Voltage.
• Medium Voltage.
• High Voltage

Applications
• Electrical Power Transmission Substations.

• Electrical Distribution Substations.
• Others (Domestic, Commercial and Industrial)

Low Voltages CB:
• MCBs. ( Miniature Circuit breaker)
• Mostly Less than 100 Amps
• Trip Characteristics
Not Adjustable.
• MCCB’s (Molded Case Circuit Breakers)

• Rated up to 2500 Amps.
• Operations.
Thermal or Magnetically
• Trip Current can be adjusted,
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Medium Voltages CB:
• Assembled into Metal enclosed switchgear lineups
• Indoor or out door substations.
High Voltages CB:

• Installed in transmission Lines.
• Mostly Solenoid Operated.
• Has Current sensing Protection relays & Current
transformers.
• Protection relay scheme are complex

Classification of CB’s
classification according to arc quenching media used.
• Air Circuit Breakers.
• Oil Circuit Breakers.
• SF6 Circuit Breakers.
• Vacuum Circuit Breakers.
Class Discussion.
Circuit Breakers :
Features of Auto‐recloser ‐ Pole Mounted CB.
• Electromagnetic Actuators.
• Controlling Opening and Closing of Vacuum
interrupters.
• Permanent Magnet for maintaining the Closed
position.
• Manual ON / OFF.
• Vacuum Breaker .
• Has Current Sensors, CTs. (some Coupling Capacitive
Voltage Sensors).
• Auxiliary Switches.
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Visible Features for an Auto recloser CB
Features of an Auto recloser CB
Internal Features for an Auto recloser CB

1
1. Bushing Connector.
2. Silicon rubber bushing Boot. 2
3. Polymer Bushing.
7 6
4. Current Transformers. 5
5. Capacitor coupled Voltage sensor.
6. 304 Stainless Steel tank. 3 4
8
7. Magnetic Actuator.
8. Opening Spring.
9. Auxiliary Switches.
10.Insulated Drive Rod.
11.Polycarbonate Housing.
12.Vacuum Interrupter.
13.Ceramic Breather.
9 10 12
14.Mechanical Trip Rod. 11
13
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Auto recloser – The controller

CB
Controller commands
PT
Load
measurements
Voltage Supply
Controller
and
Controller:
Definition of a controller / Control Circuit
A control circuit is a special type of circuit used to
control the operation of a completely separate power
circuit.
Controller Circuits consist of Electronics components
that are used to Manipulate and control other Circuits.
Electrical Components:
• Resistors.
• Capacitors.
• Electronic timers.
• Logic gates.
Controller :
Sample AR Controller Schematics
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Controller :
Basic Electronics Components
Controller :
Introduction to Logic Gates
What are Logic Gates:
• Logic Gates are electronic that manipulate electronics

using 1’s and 0’s.
• Logic gates are mostly made from Transistor and
Transistors are made from semiconductor devices.
• Logic gates translate the Boolean Logic into electrical
form.
• Boolean Logic is a form of algebra which is centered
around three simple words known as Boolean
Operators: “Or,” “And,” and “Not”. At the heart of
Boolean Logic is the idea that all values are either true
or false.
Controller :
1. The AND Gate

AND Gates — An AND gate has an output that is
normally at logic 0 and only goes to logic 1 when all
inputs are at logic 1, i.e., when inputs 1 and 2 etc.
high.
Symbol:
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Controller :
2. The OR Gate
Logic OR gate implements the logical addition. Its output
is high even if there is a single high input without caring
for the other inputs.
OR gate has 1 output line & it has a minimum of 2
inputs. OR gate is also available with multiple inputs.
Symbol:
Controller :
3. The NOT Gate
Basically, NOT gate is an Inverter. It inverts its input logic

into the output. It implements the logical
inversion function. NOT gate is a single input single
output gate.
Symbol
Controller :
4. The SR Relay.
The name SR represents the SET and RESET
function Relay. Also called data memory.
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Controller Protection Functions :

Block Diagram
Phase Over Auto Reclose

Under
Voltage
Current
Time Over
Cold Load O/P
Current
Earth Fault Over Voltage I/P
Controller Functions:
Phase Over Current – Phase over current (ANSI 50)
Time Delay
Trip
• CTs Detect Currents –

• Phase Current Measurement circuit
• If Phase Current 1A OR 1B OR 1C is High.
• AND If Phase Over‐current is ENABLED,
• Controller for the Auto Recloser systems send a TRIP signal after
a TIME DELAY
Time Over Current – (ANSI 51)
Time Delay
Trip

• Phase Currents are Measured OVER some time T.
• If Phase Current 1A OR 1B OR 1C HAS REMAINED High for a
period of Time.
• AND If Phase Over‐current is ENABLED,
a TIME DELAY
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Controller Functions :
Earth Fault – Earth Fault Function (ANSI 50N)
• Phase Currents are Measured and If Phase Current 1A OR 1B OR
1C are not Balanced
• AND If Earth Fault Current is ENABLED,
a TIME DELAY
Calculated
Measured
And
3Io > IO Set
Earth Fault
ENABLED
Auto Reclose Function – ANSI 79
• Quite a number of Faults on an overhead line Networks are

Transient faults which can be cleared quickly by High speed
tripping followed by automated CB reclose Sequence.
• The ANSI 79 Relay function provides 4 Reclose attempts before
Lockout and depending on Charging period of Reclose time.
P.OC 1
P. OC 1 = Instantaneous Over Current.
P.OC 2 ≥1 P. OC 2 = Definite Time Over current.
P. OC 3 = Over current protection
P.OC 3
Reclose Count = 0
Reclose UNLOCK Time
Manual Trip
& Delay
Trip
Remote Trip
Reclose Enable
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Cold Load Pick Up Function – ANSI 50CLPU
• The Function of the controller that identifies a load which has not
been powered for a long period of time or a new installation and
does not interpret it as a fault.
• The cold Load Feature Applies an alternative settings for a limited
period and will reset if the CB has remained ON for a Period of
time OR the Current has reduced.
I* set > IA > ISet
I* set > IB > ISet ≥1
I* set > IB> ISet
& P. OC Disable
P. OC Enable
Cold load Enable
Cold Load Pick Up Function – ANSI 50CLPU
Over Voltage Function ANSI 59
• The Function of the controller that identifies Over Voltages in the
transmission Lines.
Us > U Set
& Time Delay Trip
Over voltage Enable
Under Voltage Function ANSI 27

• The Function of the controller that identifies Under Voltages in
the transmission Lines.
Us < U Set
& Time Delay Trip
Under voltage Enable
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Switching ONTO Fault
• The Function of the controller that identifies a fault on the
transmission Lines when the CB has been closed Either Manually
or Remote.
Switch on to fault protection (SOTF) is used to provide high-speed tripping
when energizing a power line under fault condition. Exactly, switching on the
circuit breaker without fault clearance (fault exist in the line). Switch on to fault
protection trips the circuit breaker immediately without time delay.
IA > ISet
IB > ISet ≥1
IB> ISet
& Time Delay Trip
After Close Time ≤ Exit Time
Manual/Remote Close
Manual Acceleration Enable
High Voltage Instrumentation:

• Current Transformers.
• Coupled Capacitive VTs.
• Potential Transformers.
• supply electronic Auxiliary Voltage
Grounding:
Necessary for the Protection of People

and Equipment.
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Summary.
Q&A
Discussion
AUTO‐RECLOSER
• Ideal Block Diagram
• Flow Diagram
• Types of Auto Reclosers
• Operations
• Configuration
• Testing
• Diagnosis

Ideal Block Diagram
CB
Controller
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Flow Diagram
START. 1. Initialization ;
• System is healthy ( breaker is Closed)
• Buzzer is OFF.
• Fault indicator is OFF
2. Measure the Current.
3. Is Current > Set Trip Current.?
• If NO go back to step 2.
• If Yes, Proceed to step 4.
4. Trip The System.
• Open CB
• Buzzer is ON.
• Fault indication Lamp is ON
• Communicate with Personnel.
5. Delay Time.
6. Close Circuit , Switch of Buzzer and Fault indication lamp
7. Has system Tripped 3 ?
• If No, repeat from step 2.
• If YES, Proceed to step 8.
8. Lock out System (Permanently Trip system).
• Open CB
• Buzzer is ON.
• Fault indication Lamp is ON
END. • Communicate with Personnel
Types of Auto Reclosers

Based on Operations.
• Single Pole
• Only faulted phase is operated
• phase selection relays are required.
• Requires individual closing mechanism for each phase
• 3 Pole.
• All 3 phases are operated regardless of the fault location.
• Triple‐single
• 3 phase trip and Lockout.
• Single‐phase trip and three‐phase lockout
• Single‐phase trip and single‐phase lockout (mostly residential
loads).
Based on Application.
• Medium Voltages – Distribution lines, focusing on continuity of power
supply
• High Voltage‐ Transmission lines, Focusing on stability of the
transmission Lines.
Types of Auto Reclosers
Single Phase Type 3 Phase Type
Triple Single Type

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Operations Schemes
Basic Recloser installation Schemes.
1. Auto reclosers Installed Individually

2. Auto reclosers installed with other protective devices.
3. Auto reclosers installed with a Tie.
Also Depending on distribution Scheme:

• Radial System ‐ 1 Power source for a Group of Customers.
• Loop System ‐ loops through the service area and returns to
the original point. The loop is usually tied
• Network System ‐ Consumers supplied from 2 or more Supplies
Recloser Operations:
Normal Condition, No Fault condition
A B C
• Breaker is Closed
• Load is Healthy
Fault Condition, Breaker opens.
A B C
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After some time controller sends 1st Shot
A B C
If the fault was a transient fault, and is cleared the Auto ‐

recloser breaker bolds and the circuit is healthy without
human Intervention, hence interruption time is reduced,
not much revenue is Lost.
If Fault has not cleared Breaker opens.
A B C
After some time controller sends the 2nd Shot.

• breaker closes and system is healthy
A B C
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Breaker opens, if the fault has not cleared.
A B C
Controller sends 3rd Shot, and closes the breaker
A B C
p
Breaker opens once again if the fault has not been
cleared yet
A B C
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Controller sends 4th Shot
A B C
Breaker Open and Locks Out
A B C
After Lock Out the Fault has to be removed and the Auto
recloser Breaker has to be closed Manually from the
controller
Recloser and Fuses scheme:
• Fuse Save Scheme

• Fuse blow Scheme
• Ideal for a Radial Distribution system
B
A
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Fuse Save Scheme:
• Recloser is set to operate faster than the fuse before the

fuse blows 1 or 2 attempts.
• If the fault was transient and cleared the fuse will still
remain Healthy the next time the CB Recloses.
• If the fault is Permanent , the Recloser is set to operate on
a slower than the fuse and the fuse blows in the line of
fault.
• When CB operates the Last Time, the faulted line is
isolated by the blown fuse and power is restored to the
other customers.
• Outage is temporary to larger customers
Fuse Blow Scheme:
• Recloser is set to operate Slower than the fuse, and the

fuse is blown when the fault occurs.
• The Recloser remains Healthy and does not trip, until the
Fault appears on the common Line.
• Outage is only to the faulted line and does not affect all
customers.
B
A
Recloser Operations
Reclosers with Sectionalisers Scheme
• Ideal for a Loop Distribution Scheme
• Same substation with 2 Different Loops
• Requires a TIE .
R S
Open
A B C A B C T
R S
A B C A B C
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Recloser Operations
• NOTE
A sectionalizer should not be confused with a recloser; it does not
interrupt fault current. It only counts the number of operations of
an interrupting device that feeds the circuit, such as a recloser
Opens Opens
R S
Open
A B C A B C T
R S
A B C A B C
Recloser Operations
When the Tie is closed Customers after the sectionalizer are once
Again supplied with Power
Opens Opens
R S
Closed
A B C A B C T
R S
A B C A B C
Recloser Operations
• Ideal for a Loop Distribution Scheme
• Supplied from 2 Different Substations
• Requires a TIE also.
R S
Open
A B C A B C T
R S
A B C A B C
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Recloser Operations
PRACTICAL ‐ CIRCUITRY
Timing Scheme
Timing Scheme
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Configurations
Configurations of control Settings:
The Auto reclose system must be configured and certain settings
Put in the controller in order for it to operate as is required.
Parameters to be configured:
• Trip Over Current Values.

• Time Delays in seconds.
• Trip Residual earth fault Values.
• Trip Under voltage Values,
• Trip Over voltage Values.
• Maximum allowable Cold Load Currents.
Note: User Manual is critical.
Testing and Checks

The effective way to check the automatic recloser functionality is
through,
• Check CB and controller for visible and physical damages.
• Check CB if Matching with Controller (Voltage ratings should be
the Same).
• Check control cable and plugs for damages.
• Functional test. Manual ON / OFF .
• Switching ON / OFF from the controller.
• Primary injection, Simulating the high current fault, and verifying
the timing of all operations till lockout.
Time period Inspections and Simulations.

• Routine inspections and simulations.
• Configurations after battery changes.
Diagnosis
What can Make a Recloser Not Function?
• Controller Power supply Failure.

• Controller Battery not Charged or Dead,
• CB is not ready.
• CB Detected Failed by breaker relay.
• Damaged control cables.
• Loose connections.
• Misconfiguration, wrong trip levels, wrong Timings, Disabled functions.
• Reclosed is Locked.
• Total Reclose counts exhausted.
• Burnt control relays.
• Circuit failures.
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Auto ‐ recloser Training

Factors to be considered during Reclosing
• Choice of zone in case of distance

Relays.
• Dead time / De ionizing time. ( for CB
relay or Auto recloser relay)
• Reclaim time.
• Instantaneous trip lockout.
• Intermediate lock out.
• Breaker supervision time

Factors to be considered during Reclosing process.
Choice of zone in case of distance Relays. ( Mostly on

transmission lines.)
• If no distance relays are used this factor is not considered.

• Reclosing relays should be used for zone 1 only .
• Applying high speed auto‐recloser on each end of the line may
result to no dead time or insufficient dead time to allow
ionization of the fault arc and hence a transient fault and
breakers may operate unnecessarily and
• hence lock out of both relays.
• Remedy: use of inter tripping signals in the
2 ends. Or extend zone one to give
instantaneous tripping over the whole length.
Auto‐recloser Training
Dead time / De ionizing time. ( for CB relay or Auto

recloser relay)
• The time between the energization of the auto reclosing

scheme and the operation of the contacts which energises
breaker closing circuit.
• The dead time of the auto recloser must

greater than the dead time of the CB.
Dead time (IEC) t = 10.5 + kV/34.5 cycles.
60 cycles = 1 sec.
For 33 kV dead time = 11.45 cycle = 0.2 secs
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Reclaim time of the breaker.
• Time between first attempt and second attempt
• i.e. Time between 2 adjacent reclosing attempts.
• Requirements of selection of reclaim time as a precaution
• When the line is energized due to a reclosing attempt and if
a new faults occurs before the reclaim time elapse the
breaker locks out.
• If reclaim time Is over , the reclosing relay returns to initial
position and starts a NEW reclosing Sequence
• Reclaim time must not be too close, (operating cycle is
exceeded when 2 faults occur closely)
• If breaker is closed manually operation or reclosing relay is
blocked. Until reclaim time has elapsed ( usually 25 secs).
• Reclaim time (IEC)= O +0.3 sec+CO+3 min +CO

Instantaneous trip lockout.
• Since 80‐90% of faults are temporary faults and disappear

in short while.
• For Permanent faults Normally the fuse scheme is used

(save or break).
• Normally Applied on distribution lines.
Intermediate Lock out.

• If faults occur on the tapped lines, in attended substations, they
are locked out and then manually restored by attendants.
• In unattended substations, the breakers attempts to reclose

and if the fault is permanent then the breaker locks out.
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Breaker supervision function
• For a stable power system Breaker maintenance is required

and is very essential in reclosing relays.
Done by checking number of operations of breaker in

conjunction with OEM.
Checking of Alarms if provided. Mainly apply to open able CBs

with reclose functions.
Summary.
Q&A
Discussion
Tanelec Auto
Recloser
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Tanelec Auto Recloser
‐ Auto recloser Controller ‐ Voltlogic Series

‐ Auto recloser Circuit Breaker – Pole Mounted Series

Specifications:
• Wide Range 11kV / 33kV.

• Vacuum Breaker.
• Robust.
• Accessories.
• Surge arresters.
• Potential transformers.
• Protection Functions as Per ANSI specifications.
• Phase Overcurrent (ANSI 50P).
• Overload. (ANSI 49).
• Phase Time overcurrent. (ANSI 51P).
• Ground overcurrent (50G/N).
• Auto‐reclose (ANSI 79).
• Phase Over current cold load Pickup (CLPU50).
• Under Voltage (ANSI 27).
• Over Voltage (ANSI 59).

Specifications:
• Records
• Alarm Logs
• Trip Logs.
• Communication.
• RS 485.
• RS 232.
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Operating Principle:
• The Tanelec Auto Recloser is a 3 Phase type Auto

recloser that operate / break the Circuit in all the
Phases when a fault is detected in any of the Phase.
• 4 shot Auto recloser, before Lock‐out.
• Manual Close – Open Functions.
• Trip and Alarm Logs – 100 Events.

Pre Installation Guide lines: Accessories Check
• Before installation and when you receive the Auto

recloser, First ensure all the accessories are complete.
• Accessories List:
1. Auto recloser – 1 Piece.
2. Controller unit and Key – 1 piece.
3. Potential Transformer – 1 Piece.
4. Surge Arresters – 6 Pieces.
5. Control Cables – 1 Piece.
6. Instructions manual – 1 Piece.
7. Test Report – 1 Page.
8. Charging cables – 1 Piece.
9. Power cable – 1 Piece.
10. Terminals Rubber Insulation
Caps.

Pre Installation Guide lines: Equipment Inspections and Checks.
• Before installation and after Accessories Checks and Physical
inspection is necessary. .
• Inspection Check list:
1. Auto recloser CB and Controller are Matching
2. Auto recloser Bushings are Ok.
3. Manual open and close handles are fixed and OK.
4. Manual Open – Close Mechanism is functional.
5. Auto recloser Insulations Resistance test by ‘Meggering’. Breaker in closed
position, Outgoing vs incoming side. Value should be above 1 GΩ.
6. Recloser Terminal Continuity Test.
7. PT Oil level is OK and there are no leakages.
8. PT Insulation Resistance test Values are OK, > 1 GΩ.
9. Controller Battery is OK after 12 hours charging.
10. Controller display is Functional.
11. Surge arresters are Ok.
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Tanelec Auto Recloser:

Pre Installation Guide lines: Controller / CB Matching
The Recloser must be installed at its rated Voltage and current suitable
for the Line voltage and current.
• The Rated Current and Voltage information

are available from the Nameplates.
• Ensure Both recloser and Control have the
same Serial Number.
Configuration
The VoltLogic – 351 have Basically 2 Menus
• The Edit Menu Mode

• Where Parameters can be edited or Reviewed
and Changed
• The View Menu mode.
• Where Parameters can
Only be viewed.
Configuration
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Configuration
Under The Edit Mode Function we have the Following Sub
– menus
• Relays
• Para
• Chn I
• Clr
• Time
• GSM
• Factory Reset.
Configuration
Under The View Mode we have the Following Sub – menus
• Measurement ‐ MEA
• Report – RPT
• Relay
• Inputs
• Version.
Configuration
Edit Mode:
• Relay Settings – Menu for Enabling and Disenabling of
Functions
Default Settings
• P. OC1 ‐ √
• P. OC2 ‐ √
• P. OC3 ‐ √
• Time OC ‐ X
• Earth Fault ( E.F) ‐ √
• Reclose ‐ √
• Reclose ACC ‐ X
• Manual ACC ‐ X
• Cold Load ‐ X
• Over voltages ‐ X
• Under/Low Voltage ‐ X
• H.C Lock ‐ X
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Configuration
Edit Mode Function:
• Para Settings – Menu for setting of Parameter Values
• CT Ratio ‐ 20 • Com 2 Address – 001.
• CTo Ratio. ‐ 20 • Com 1 Baud rate – 9600
• PT ratio ‐ 150 • Com 2 Baud rate – 9600.
• Power direction ‐ 1 • Operations Password ‐ 0099
• Close Pulse time – 0.07s • Input Check time ‐ 0.010 secs
• Trip pulse time – 0.03s • Input control ‐ 0.004
• Com 1 Status – 1 • Protection Group 0
• Com 2 Status ‐ 0 • Value set by sec 0
• Com1 Address – 00001.
Configuration
Edit Mode:
• Chnl Settings (mostly Used in calibration Modes.)
• Measurement adjustments – Current

• Earth Faults & Voltage Measurements adjustments.
• Phase Voltage Measurements.
• Frequency Measurements In Hz
Configuration
Other Edit Mode Functions :
• Clr – Clear for clearing input data.

• Time Adjust – for adjusting date and time of controller
• GSM settings – Telephone number of Users up to 4.
• Factory Reset – Registering default factory settings into
controller
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Configuration
View Measurements Menu:
• Measurement – Viewing on line measurements

• Reports Viewing Reports of:
• Events
• Alarms
• Events Number of counts.
• Sum of events.
Configuration
Configuration of Protection Values Setting
1. Phase over current protection set (P. OC1)
• Press “Enter” button to enter the main menu

• select the ”EDIT” → ”RELAY” menu，
• Enter the password, default value“0099”
• Choose OC1 (Phase Overcurrent 1) function，
• Move the cursor to the ” icon , then you can change the
value to ” by “+” or “‐” button, so that the protection is
ENABLED.
Configuration
Protection Values Setting
• After enabling the protection, you need to set the value of

the protection .
1. Move the cursor To the ”icon , press “enter” button.
2. Change the pick up value by “+” or “‐” button.
3. Then set the delay time (Trip time) as same method.
4. After setting press “Esc” to exit settings menu, When you
exit the menu, device show “Whether to save ”
choose the “Yes” to fix the value, so that the phase
overcurrent Function is enabled
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Configuration:
Step 1 Protection Overcurrent Enabled
Step 2 Step 3
Set Pick Values for Overcurrent Setting of the Delay Time
4 . ESC to save the values Set

Configuration
Configuration of Recloser Protection
2. Set RECLOSE protection.
• Select the”EDIT”→”RELAY”menu, enter the password（

default value “0099”,
• Choose “Reclose” function, move the cursor to the
”icon, then you can change the value to“ ” by “+” or “‐”
button, so that the protection is Enabled.
• After setting press “Esc” to fix the value, when you exit
the menu, device show “Whether to save” choose the
“Yes so that The phase overcurrent Recloser function is
enabled.
Configuration
Configuration of Recloser Protection
2. Set RECLOSE protection.
• After enabling the protection, you need to set the

protection value of the Number of Times the
recloser Functions together with the time delay
and its Reset Time
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Configuration
Step 1: Choose the reclosing times (1 to 4).
Step 2: Setting the 1st delay time, the delay time can be between
5S~99.99S.
Step 3: Setting the 2nd delay time, the delay time can be between
10S~99.99S.
Step 4: Setting the 3rd delay time, the delay time can be between
15S~99.99S.
Step 5: Setting the 4th delay time, the delay time can be between
20S~99.99S.
Step 6: Setting their closing reset time, the reset time can be between
1.2S~180.0S.
Note: Press [↓] key to switch to next screen, press the [+] and [-] keys to switch the mode and
modified delayed time/reset time. The operational processes of automatic reclose set’
Configuration
Configuration:
3. Setting of the Reclose Protection depends on the Recloser
Current Range and Exposure time.
P OC1 – Instantaneous Over current

P OC2 ‐ Definite Time Over current
P. OC3 – Over current
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Installation:
Surge
arresters
Pt
Recloser
Controller
Installation:
Equipment Installation
The equipment have to be installed / Set up as

follows;
• Two sets of Tanelec Surge Arresters on the top

cross arm
• Recloser on the bottom cross arm.
• PTs should be mounted on one pole along with the
closer.
• Note: PT should tap power after Surge Arresters.
Installation:
Cable Connections
Connect the controller to the circuit breaker by the cable after
installing the recloser
• Control cable（14pin).
• Voltage transformer cable (2pin).
After connecting the controller and Recloser, you can open or close
there Recloser by the button which is in the front panel.
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Installation:
Grounding
There should be three grounding pits;
1. PT body + Recloser body under one pit with earthing

resistance of less than 2.5 Ohms
2. Two sets of surge arresters under one pit with earthing
resistance of less than 2.5 Ohms
3. Control box under separate pit with earthing resistance
of less than 1Ohms.
Note:Please do not earth the neural point of the PT
Installation:
Cable Connections
Connect the controller to the circuit breaker by the cable after
installing the recloser
• Control cable ‐ 14pin (11KV) / 20 PIN( 33KV).
• Voltage transformer cable (2pin).
Activity
1. Equipment physical inspections and Checks.

2. Checking Menus and recording Default Parameters.
3. Manual switching ON/OFF
4. Switching from the controller ON/OFF.
5. Set up to personalized Parameters. (Time tests and Load trips).
6. Trip test with current injector. (with different currents and trip times.
7. Checking of Records and Alarm Logs.
8. Checking of Measurements while increasing Current.
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Summary.
Q&A
Discussion
THANK – YOU
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24/05/2022

Auto Recloser Training

facilitating power distribution in the region

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Re‐closer Training

Auto Recloser Training

Basic Safety tips:

Benefits and Need

• It makes the company to maintain standards indices used to

Benefits and Needs

SAIDI (Min) = ( Total duration of sustained interruptions in a year)

facilitating power distribution in the region

Benefits and Needs.

Benefits and Needs:

• MAIFI is the average number of momentary (less than 5

• It is the ratio of the annual number of momentary interruptions

MAIFI = (Total number of momentary interruptions in a year )

facilitating power distribution in the region

Benefits and Needs:

• Minimize power interruptions, increasing revenue for the

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Re‐closer Training

Definition of Auto ‐ recloser:

An Auto re‐closer is a Circuit Interrupter equipped with

facilitating power distribution in the region

History of Auto Re‐closer

•Second Generation 1970 ‐ 2000.

facilitating power distribution in the region

History of Auto Re‐closer

• Forth Generation and Latest 1990s to now

facilitating power distribution in the region

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

• Basics of Overcurrent Faults Characteristics.

• Definite Instantaneous Current.

Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

Basics Overcurrent Faults and Protection

• Definite Instantaneous Current and protection relay .

• its relay is referred as definite (instantaneous)

• There is no intentional time delay set or There is

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

Its relay setting is adjusted based on its location in the network.

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

Its relay is created by applying intentional time

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

Definite Time instantaneous Over current.

• Thus, it has a time setting and pick up

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

• The settings in this kind of relay at different locations in the

• The disadvantage for this type of protection is that it requires

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

Definite Time Over current.

facilitating power distribution in the region

Auto Recloser Training ‐ Faults:

Inverse Time Over current.

They are available with standard inverse, very inverse and

Time v/s Current Grading

The operating time of both overcurrent definite‐time relays and