Regional Development Plan 2023-2028

Enhanced Ilocos
Regional Development Plan

2017-2022
Midterm Update
Regional Development Plan
2023-2028
Region 1
Table of Contents
Foreword xvi
Preface xviii
Message xx
Part I INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 Overview of the Regional Economy, Development
Context and Trends 5
Social Trends 8
Economic Trends 11
Geopolitical Trends 16
Environmental Trends 17
Technological Trends 17
Chapter 2 Regional Spatial Development Framework 23

The Regional Spatial Strategy 23
Physical Characteristics 24
Assessments and Challenges 28
Overall Spatial Framework- GROCIAD with CCW 40
Thematic Frameworks 46
Chapter 3 RDP 2023-2028 Strategic Framework 55

The Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2023-2028 55
The RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 Strategy Framework 56
Part II DEVELOP AND PROTECT CAPABILITIES OF

INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES
Chapter 4 Promote Human Capital and Social Development 71
Sub-Chapter 4.1: Boost Health 71
Assessment and Challenges 71
Strategy Framework 74
Strategies 75
Outcome 1: Social determinants of health improved 75
Outcome 2: Healthy choices and behavior enabled 76
Outcome 3: Access, quality, and efficiency of health care improved 77
Outcome 4: Health systems strengthened 80
Legislative Agenda 82
Results Matrix 83
Sub-Chapter 4.2: Improve Education and Lifelong Learning 89

Strategies 91
Outcome 1: Quality, inclusive, adaptive, resilient, and future-ready
basic education for all achieved 92
Outcome 2: Globally competitive and inclusive TVET and higher
education, and improved research output attained for a broader
knowledge economy 94
Outcome 3: Governance for human capital development improved 96
Results Matrix 98
Sub-Chapter 4.3: Establish Livable Communities 101

Strategies 104
Outcome 1: Social environment promoted 105
Outcome 2: Environmental quality improved 106
Outcome 3: Built environment upgraded 107
Outcome 4: Responsive governance advanced 109
Results Matrix 112
Chapter 5 Increase Income-earning Ability 119

Strategies 122
Outcome 1: Employability Increased 123
Outcome 2: Access to employment opportunities expanded 126
Outcome 3: Shared labor market governance achieved 128
Results Matrix 130
Chapter 6 Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power 137
Sub-Chapter 6.1: Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition 137
Strategies 140
Outcome 1: Sufficient and stable supply of food commodities attained 140
Outcome 2: Access of consumers to affordable, safe, and nutritious
food expanded 144
Outcome 3: Nutrition across all ages improved 147
Results Matrix 151
Sub-Chapter 6.2: Strengthen Social Protection 155

Strategies 158
Outcome 1: Hazards managed 158
Outcome 2: Risks mitigated 160
Outcome 3: Universal, modern, and integrated SP system achieved 162
Results Matrix 165
Part III TRANSFORM PRODUCTION SECTORS TO GENERATE

MORE QUALITY JOBS AND COMPETITIVE PRODUCTS
Chapter 7 Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness 173
Strategies 177
Outcome 1: Efficiency of agri-fishery production enhanced 177
Outcome 2: Access to markets and agri-fishery-based enterprises expanded 181
Outcome 3: Resilience of agri-fishery value chains improved 183
Outcome 4: Agricultural institutions strengthened 184
Results Matrix 186
Chapter 8 Revitalize Industry 193

Strategies 196
Chapter Outcome: Revitalize industry through science, technology, and
innovation-driven industrialization 196
Outcome 1: Domestic market production and supplier
base expanded 196
Outcome 2: Achieved regional industrialization through
innovative MSMEs and startups 199
Outcome 3: Inter-sectoral linkages enhanced 202
Results Matrix 205
Chapter 9 Reinvigorate Services 211

Strategies 214
Outcome 1: Market expansion achieved 214
Outcome 2: Creativity and innovation in services value proposition strengthened 218
220
Outcome 3: Inter-sectoral linkages enhanced
Results Matrix 222
Chapter 10 Advance Research and Development, Technology

and Innovation 229
Strategies 231
Outcome 1: Basic Research and Development, Technology and Innovation 232
Outcome 2: Market-Driven and Customer-Centered Research and
Development Advanced 233
Outcome 3: Technology Adoption, Utilization, and Commercialization
Scaled Up 234
Outcome 4: Innovation and entrepreneurship accelerated 236
Results Matrix 239
Chapter 11 245
Promote Trade and Investment
Strategies 248
Outcome 1: Global position of the region’s export sectors strengthened
and expanded 248
Outcome 2: Total investment increased and targeted to boost trade,
skills upgrading, and sustainability 249
Results Matrix 252
Part IV ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 12 Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public
Financial Management 261
Sub-Chapter 12.1: Inclusive, innovative, and healthy financial
sector promoted
Strategies 265
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Inclusive, innovative, and healthy financial sector promoted 265
Outcome 1: Financial inclusion and innovation broadened and
strengthened 266
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Sound fiscal management ensured 268
Outcome 1: Local government finance strengthened 268
Outcome 2: Efficient and inclusive budget system implemented 270
Results Matrix 273
Chapter 13 279
Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure
Strategies 287
Chapter Outcome: Deliver Sustainable, Resilient, Integrated, and Modernized
Infrastructure Facilities and Services.. 287
Outcome 1: Planning, programming, and asset management in
infrastructure enhanced 288
Outcome 2: Seamless and inclusive connectivity achieved (via local
and international linkages) 289
Outcome 3: Water security and ecological integrity of water systems
and resiliency to water hazards attained 294
Outcome 4: Affordable, accessible, reliable, and sustainable
energy provided 297
Outcome 5: Enhanced support to social development provided 299
Results Matrix 303
Chapter 14 Ensure Peace and Security and Enhance

Administration of Justice 311
Subchapter 14.1: Ensure Peace and Security
Strategies 314
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Ensure Peace and Security 314
Outcome 1: Protection and development of conflict-affected
communities sustained 314
Outcome 2: Quality of life of people safeguarded from criminality 316
Outcome 3: Protection and safety from hazards and other threats
ensured 317
Cross-cutting Strategies 319
Results Matrix 320
Subchapter 14.2: Enhance Administration of Justice

Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Enhance Administration of Justice 328
Outcome 1: Quality and efficiency in disposition of cases improved 328
Outcome 2: Access to quality, free, or affordable legal services by
Filipinos improved 330
Outcome 3: Quality of life of PDL improved and Productive
331
reintegration of PDL in the community ensured
Results Matrix 335
Chapter 15 Practice Good Governance and Improve
Bureaucratic and Regulatory Efficiency 343
Strategies 346
Outcome 1: Participatory governance deepened 347
Outcome 2: Public accountability and integrity bolstered 349
Outcome 3: Government functions, systems, and mechanisms rationalized
and strengthened 351
Outcome 4: Burden of regulation reduced 352
Outcome 5: Competent, motivated, agile, and resilient public servants supported 354
Results Matrix 356
Chapter 16 Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen

Disaster Resilience 363
Strategies 367
Chapter Outcome : Enhance Adaptive Capacity and Resilience of Communities,
Economy and Natural Ecosystems to Climate Change and Natural Hazards 367
Outcome 1: Climate and natural hazard resilience actions of
communities and institutions increased 367
Outcome 2: Ecosystem resilience improved 369
Outcome 3: Low carbon economy transition accelerated 372
Outcome 4: Improve governance and intersectoral climate change and natural
hazard resilience 373
Results Matrix 376
Part V TRANSFORM PRODUCTION SECTORS TO GENERATE

MORE QUALITY JOBS AND COMPETITIVE PRODUCTS
Chapter 17 Plan Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation 385
Implementation 386
Monitoring and Evaluation 389
Plan Advocacy 389
Acronyms 391
Glossary 402
RDP of Region 1 Organizational Set-up
RDP Regional Development Council-1 (RDC-1) Members 419
Technical Planning Committees (TPCs) 423
Overall Plan Secretariat 425
Editorial and Layout Team 426
List of Tables and Figures
CHAPTER 1
Figure 1.1. COVID-19 Cases in Region 1: 2 January 2023 11
Figure 1.2. Percent Share of Sectors to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)
in Constant 2008 Prices, Region 1: 2000 to 2021 12
Figure 1.3. Growth Rates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Regional
Development Product (GRDP) in Constant 2008 Prices, Philippines, National
Capital Region and Region 1: 2000 to 2021 13
Figure 1.4. Unemployment Rate with linear forecasting in Region 1: 2000 to 2021 14
Figure 1.5. Food Inflation Rate with linear forecasting in Region 1: 2016 to 2021 16
CHAPTER 2
Table 2.1. Land Area by Province, Region 1 24
Figure 2.1. Administrative Boundaries Map of Region 1 25
Figure 2.2. Actual Land Use Map of Region 1 27
Figure 2.3. Population Distribution Map of Region 1 29
Figure 2.4. Settlement and Transport Map of Region 1 31
Figure 2.5. Protected Areas Map of Region 1 33
Figure 2.6. Flood Susceptibility Map of Region 1 35
Figure 2.7. Landslide Susceptibility Map of Region 1 36
Figure 2.8. Production and Transport Map of Region 1 39
Table 2.2. Functional Roles of Growth Centers in Region 1 40
Table 2.3. Centers, Corridors, and Wedges of Region 1 44
Figure 2.9. Overall Spatial Framework of Region 1 45
Figure 2.10. Production Thematic Framework Map of Region 1 47
Figure 2.11. Protection Thematic Framework Map of Region 1 49
CHAPTER 3
Figure 3.1. RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 Strategic Framework 57
Table 3.1. Results Matrix: Key Outcome Indicators 64
CHAPTER 4
Figure 4.1. Strategy Framework to Enable Healthy Choices and Behavior 74
Table 4.1.1. Legislative Agenda to Boost Health 82
Table 4.1.2. Result Matrix: Boost Health 83
Figure 4.2. Strategy Framework to Improve Education and Lifelong Learning 91
Table 4.2.1. Legislative Agenda to Improve Education and Lifelong Learning 98
Table 4.2.2. Results Matrix: Improve Education and Lifelong Learning 98
Figure 4.3. Strategy Framework to Establish Livable Communities 104
Table 4.3.1. Legislative Agenda to Establish Livable Communities 111
Table 4.3.2. Results Matrix: to Establish Livable Communities 112
CHAPTER 5
Figure 5.1. Strategy Framework to Increase Income-earning Ability 122
Table 5.1. Legislative Agenda to Increase Income-earning Ability 129
Table 5.2. Result Matrix: Increase the Income-earning Ability 130
CHAPTER 6
Figure 6.1.1. Strategy Framework to Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition 139
Table 6.1.1. Legislative Agenda to Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition 150
Table 6.1.2. Result Matrix: Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition 151
Figure 6.2.1. Strategy Framework to Strengthen Social Protection 158
Table 6.2.1. Legislative Agenda to Strengthen Social Protection 164
Table 6.2.2. Result Matrix: Strengthen Social Protection 165
CHAPTER 7
Figure 7.1. Strategy Framework to Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness 177
Table 7.1. Legislative Agenda to Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness 185
Table 7.2. Result Matrix: Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness 186
CHAPTER 8
Figure 8.1. Strategy Framework to Revitalize Industry 195
Table 8.1. Legislative Agenda to Revitalize Industry 204
Table 8.2. Result Matrix: Revitalize Industry 205
CHAPTER 9
Figure 9.1. Strategy Framework to Reinvigorate Services 213
Table 9.1. Legislative Agenda to Reinvigorate Services 221
Table 9.2. Result Matrix: Reinvigorating Services 222
CHAPTER 10
Figure 10.1. Strategy Framework to Increase Income-earning Ability 231
Table 10.1. Legislative Agenda to Advance Research & Development,
Technology, and Innovation 238
Table 10.2. Results Matrix: Advance Research & Development, Technology,
and Innovation 239
CHAPTER 11
Figure 11.1. Strategy Framework to Promote Trade and Investment 247
Table 11.1. Legislative Agenda to Promote Trade and Investment 252
Table 11.2. Results Matrix: Promote Trade and Investment 252
CHAPTER 12
Figure 12.1. Strategy Framework to Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve
Public Financial Management 265
Table 12.1. Legislative Agenda to Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve
Public Financial Management 271
Table 12.2. Results Matrix: Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public
Financial Management 273
CHAPTER 13
Figure 13.1. Strategy Framework to Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure 287
Table 13.1. Legislative Agenda to Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure 301
Figure 13.2. Result Matrix: Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure 303
CHAPTER 14
Figure 14.2.1. Strategy Framework to Enhance the Administration of Justice 314
Table 14.1.1. Legislative Agenda to Ensure Peace and Security 319
Table 14.1.2. Results Matrix: Ensure Peace and Security 320
Figure 14.1.1. Strategy Framework to Ensure Peace and Security 327
Table 14.2.1. Legislative Agenda to Enhance Administration of Justice 334
Table 14.2.2. Results Matrix: Enhance Administration of Justice 335
CHAPTER 15
Figure 15.1. Strategy Framework to Practice Good Governance and Improve
Bureaucratic Efficiency 346
Table 15.1. Legislative Agenda to Practice Good Governance and
Improve Bureaucratic Efficiency 355
Table 15.2. Results Matrix: Practice Good Governance and Improve
Bureaucratic Efficiency 356
CHAPTER 16
Figure 16.1. Strategy Framework to Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen
Table 16.1. Legislative Agenda to Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen
Table 16.2. Results Matrix: Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen
CHAPTER 17
Figure 17.1. Evaluation and the Public Sector Management Cycle 385
Table 17.1. Coordination Mechanism of RDP Chapters and RDC-1 Committees 388
FOREWORD With the recent release of the Philippine
Development Plan (PDP) 2023-2028, the
country’s overall blueprint in development
planning for the next six years, and in support
of President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.’s
8-point Socioeconomic Agenda, the Regional
Development Plan (RDP) 2023-2028 of Region
1 has been formulated and is now ready to serve
as catapult of the region to where it is desired
to be. The alignment of the RDP to the PDP
will continue to pave the way for our region’s
attainment of the long-term vision (LTV) or the
AmBisyon Natin 2040, where all Filipinos are
envisioned to enjoy a matatag, maginhawa, at
panatag na buhay.
The second medium-term plan of Ambisyon

Natin 2040, the RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1,
is formulated with more than enough zeal and
vigor earned from the devastating thump of
the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic. The swift dip brought about by the
disasters did not stop the policymakers, leaders,
public servants, private sector representatives,
members of the civil society, members of the
academe, members of the informal sector, and
all the stakeholders, who were similarly situated
during the pandemic, in identifying problem
areas and coming up with strategies to safeguard
what is left and to get back on track.
The RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 seeks to

reinvigorate job creation and accelerate poverty
reduction as outlined in the President’s 8-point
socioeconomic agenda, and consistent with the
2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
in advocating for economic transformation. It
contains appropriate chapter and sub-chapter
outcomes tailored for the unique needs of the
region, supplementing those adopted from
the PDP 2023-2028 to ensure cohesion of
the regional plan to the national mandate.
In a nutshell, the RDP comprises extensive
discussions on the promotion of human
capital and social development (Chapter 4);
increase of income-earning ability (Chapter 5);
reduction of vulnerabilities and protection of
purchasing power (Chapter 6); modernization
of agriculture and agribusiness industries
(Chapter 7); revitalization of industry sector
Foreword
Regional Development Plan 2023-2028 of Region 1
xvi
(Chapter 8); reinvigoration of services (Chapter Just the same, the National Economic and
9); advancement of research and development, Development Authority Regional Office 1
technology, and innovation (Chapter 10); (NEDA RO1) as the secretariat of the Regional
promotion of trade and investments (Chapter Development Council 1 (RDC-1) stays with
11); promotion of financial inclusion and its commitment to the fulfillment of our
improving public financial management overarching goal to achieve economic and social
(Chapter 12); expansion and upgrade of transformation for a prosperous, inclusive, and
infrastructure (Chapter 13); ensuring peace and resilient society in the light of realizing our
security and enhancing administration of justice vision. We encourage everybody to take time
(Chapter 14); good governance and bureaucratic reading through this Plan with enthusiasm,
efficiency (Chapter 15); and acceleration of appreciation, and realization that our individual
climate action and disaster resilience (Chapter efforts are never too small to drive our
16). The RDP 2023-2028 has its accompanying community to its best.
Results Matrix (RM)—an instrument designed
to provide results orientation to the plan where
the identified outcomes will be monitored and
assessed using indicators and targets. It is also NESTOR G. RILLON
complemented by the Regional Development Regional Director, NEDA Regional Office 1
Investment Program (RDIP) for 2023-2028.
Region 1’s contribution to the economic and

social transformation of the nation is sinnaranay,
an Ilocano word translated as bayanihan in
Filipino, which roughly means “helping each
other” in English. Indeed, sinnaranay is a big
word that signifies the commitment to help and
have a sense of community that complements
and endeavors to provide not what others need,
but the means to attaining what is needed by
those who are disadvantaged in various ways.
The RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 is backed
with sinnaranay that focuses on individuals
and families, determined to make them live
happy, healthy, virtuous, and prosperous
lives. Aimed at generating quality jobs and
improving forward and backward linkages, and
global competitiveness; and enabled by good
governance, sound infrastructure, political
stability, and responsiveness to climate change,
the RDP is anchored in the vision of the peoples
in Region 1, and in response to observed trends
and challenges.
Moving forward, the region’s vision tagline for

2023-2028 is REACH Region 1. By the end of
the plan, we will be a region that is Resilient,
All-inclusive, Competitive, and Healthy. The
region maintains its confidence in being able to
sustain economic growth and meet the newly
set targets laid out in the RDP 2023-2028.
Foreword
xvii
PREFACE The Ilocos Regional Development Council
(RDC-1) commits to leading the great Ilokano
community in realizing the long-term goal of the
administration of President Ferdinand Marcos
Jr. of a prosperous Philippines by eradicating
poverty, ensuring healthy lives of our people,
and innovating for the future.
Through this Regional Development Plan (RDP)

2023-2028, we build on President Marcos’
socioeconomic agenda, which is set to address
the concerns raised by the pandemic and aims
to revitalize job growth and help accelerate
poverty reduction.
Our measures will ensure that the country gets

to a high development path while also beginning
economic reform for a thriving, inclusive, and
resilient society. We desire a transformation that
is aligned with the Sustainable Development
Goals and other international commitments,
and it is crucial to the country’s long-term aim
of delivering “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag
na buhay para sa lahat.”
By 2028, we envision the Ilocos Region to

be the Northern Philippines’ agriculture and
tourism center. All of the plan’s strategies,
programs, and projects are anchored along
this vision. Moreover, we also aim to improve
the living conditions and resilience of our
people by increasing agricultural productivity
and expanding the tourism industry, which
will be supported by accelerated infrastructure
development, a healthy natural environment,
and a peaceful and secure social environment.
To this end, RDC-1 will strengthen its

coordination, direct all economic and social
development efforts in the region, and serve as
a venue for linking and integrating local efforts
with national development initiatives.
We urge the Local Government Units to develop

Preface
xviii
and execute appropriate plans, programs, and
activities to achieve the region’s vision. We also
encourage the private sector and civil society
organizations to engage in and support the
Plan’s development activities and projects.
We express our deepest appreciation to all those

who played a role in the formulation of the RDP
2023-2028. With commitment, hard work, and
a collaborative effort, we will be able to realize
our ambition and dream of a safer, stronger, and
more progressive Region 1.
HON. MATTHEW J. MARCOS MANOTOC

RDC-1 Chairperson and
Ilocos Norte Governor
Preface
xix
MESSAGE The National Economic and Development
Authority or NEDA, in close coordination with
other government agencies, sectoral experts,
development partners, and stakeholders,
completed the Philippine Development Plan
(PDP) 2023-2028 in December 2022. The PDP
serves as the country’s medium-term blueprint
to reinvigorate job creation and accelerate
poverty reduction by steering the economy back
to its high-growth path.
The formulation of the PDP 2023-2028 took place

in a socioeconomic landscape that presented
several setbacks, including the scarring effects
of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the
impacts of other global trends and challenges
such as geopolitical conflict, increasing use of
automation and accelerating digitalization, and
greater weather volatility and uncertainty owing
to climate change. These challenges shaped the
formulation of the Plan we have today. Now,
as we move forward from our focus on post-
pandemic recovery, the challenges at hand are
on enabling economic transformation and
inclusive development.
In the short term, these challenges include

addressing inflationary pressures and protecting
the vulnerable sections of society, especially
people experiencing poverty, from economic
shocks and natural hazards. For the medium
term, the Plan contains strategies focused on
addressing the binding constraints to economic
growth and inclusion by generating more
higher-quality jobs. The Plan is aligned with
the AmBisyon Natin 2040 or our long-term
vision for a matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na
buhay for all Filipinos.
In turn, the Regional Development Plans (RDPs)

are expected to cascade and lay out the strategies
for attaining our development objectives at the
local levels of governance, especially as we aim
to transform the lives of our people and ensure
that economic growth is inclusive. The RDPs,
Message
xx
in line with our country’s long-term vision
and the goals of the PDP 2023-2028, shall
address the challenges specific to each region’s
socioeconomic context.
President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. has

recognized the need to strengthen NEDA’s
presence and role in local government units
(LGUs). Proactive engagement requires aligning
national and local policies to ensure that
government plans and programs appropriately
reflect local development priorities. With this in
mind, the RDPs 2023-2028 are formulated with
a comprehensive perspective of critical LGU
attributes that would inform regional sectoral
strategies. The RDPs highlight major local
initiatives that can significantly contribute to
attaining regional development objectives and
targets. This approach enhances the connection
between regional and local planning, promotes
greater local ownership of the RDPs, and
provides guidance to the LGUs in formulating
their local development strategies and programs.
I thank the Regional Development Council

of Region 1 for its commitment to formulating
the RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 and directing
various regional development initiatives to
achieve our desired socioeconomic outcomes.
Finally, we call for the cooperation of our LGUs,

regional agencies, private institutions, non-
government organizations, and members of
civil society to participate in this joint effort.
Together, let us work hard towards achieving
a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society
in Region 1 and throughout the country.
ARSENIO M. BALISACAN
Secretary
National Economic and Development Authority
Message
xxi
01
Overview of the Regional
Economy, Development
Context and Trends
CHAPTER 1
Overview of the Regional

Economy, Development Context
and Trends
As adopted under Executive Order No. 5, (s. 2016), the Long-Term Vision for the country is: “By 2040, the
Philippines shall be a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is poor; our
peoples shall live long and healthy lives, be smart and innovative, and shall live in a high-trust society.”
The Region 1’s Contribution to the Economic

and Social Transformation of the Nation…
Section 3 of EO No. 5, s. 2016 specifies that President Ferdinand R. Marcos
the four medium-term development plans to Administration’s 8-point socioeconomic
be crafted and implemented until 2040 shall agenda which seeks to reinvigorate job
be anchored on the long-term vision (LTV) creation and accelerate poverty reduction
dubbed ‘AmBisyon Natin 2040’. This style of while addressing the issues brought to light
development planning is in response to by the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)
stakeholders’ clamor for a forward-looking pandemic. The PDP strategies will bring the
approach that goes beyond a single political country back on the high growth path and
administration. The Philippine’s LTV, which more importantly, begin economic
necessitates intergenerational equity, is transformation for a prosperous, inclusive,
consistent with the Sustainable Development and resilient society. The transformation is in
Goals’ (SDGs) core principles of sustainable line with the SDGs and other international
development and leaving no one behind. The commitments and critical for achieving the
attainment of the 2030 SDGs will also pave country’s LTV of a “matatag, maginhawa at
the way for the achievement of AmBisyon panatag na buhay para sa lahat.” The RDP
Natin 2040 and vice versa. 2023-2028 of Region 1 shall localize the PDP
in the regional context and outline the
Like the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) general direction of the region in support of
2023-2028, the Regional Development Plan the PDP and in response to unique challenges
(RDP) 2023-2028 of Region 1 takes off from and trends faced by the localities.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028 of Region 1
5
…is sinnaranay…
Sinnaranay is an Ilocano word, roughly provision of opportunities and resources to
translated as bayanihan in Filipino, that individuals and families for them to use to
means “helping each other.” However, have life and have it full. With this RDP,
sinnaranay is more than just “helping each Region 1 offers its sinnaranay towards the
other.” Sinnaranay involves a sense of attainment of national and regional goals,
community that prioritizes those who are in given its unique resources and challenges.
need 1 as enabled by one’s available resources Moreover, this RDP offers sinnaranay to the
so that all benefit from the bounty of the people of Region 1 through strategic
vibrant world. Sinnaranay does not mean investments to have life in abundance.
provision of dole-out, but rather the
… that focuses on individuals and families…

The focus of the plan is on individuals and remain relevant in this rapidly changing
families. The goal of this RDP is for people world, Filipino individuals and families will
and families to be able to live happy, healthy, also have access to trainings, skills
virtuous, and prosperous lives with the ability development, and employment facilitation
to withstand shocks. In order to achieve this programs. Additionally, the government will
transformation, investments will be made in create a program to guarantee food security,
human capital and social development coupled with a comprehensive, modernized,
programs in the areas of health and nutrition, and rationalized national social protection
education and lifelong learning, and livable system, particularly for the most vulnerable,
communities. To ensure that their abilities and will supplement it with local initiatives.
…and in the generation of quality jobs and in
improving forward and backward linkages, and
global competitiveness…
The production sectors, meanwhile, will be sustainable value-adding of locally generated
transformed so that they are able to generate raw materials, industry will be reinvigorated.
more and better quality jobs primarily for Trade and tourism-related services will both
Filipino workers, and produce competitive receive a boost. The transformation will be
products and talents, both for the Philippine brought about by increased government
and international markets. With these, support for ingenious innovation, technology
sinnaranay towards a prosperous life for all is development and use, and research and
attained. A "farm-to-plate" value chain development. Investments in research will
approach will be used to modernize help facilitate sustained equitable
agriculture and agribusiness. With a focus on opportunities. Moreover, the government
6
will be aggressive in promoting trade and
attracting investments.
…enabled by good governance, sound

infrastructure, political stability, and
responsiveness to climate change…
Social and economic transformation is put implemented at the least possible cost with
into motion by good governance. Good the maximum benefit without necessarily
governance means maximum participation burdening the natural environment. In this
of people in decision-making and it is light, sound environment and natural
mainstreamed across the sectors covered by resource management strategies grounded
this plan. Also, good governance includes on peaceful cohabitation with nature will be
keeping peace, order, and safety, as Region 1 pursued to achieve sustainable development.
has been declared the first and only region in This call for sound environmental
the entire country with a “state of stable management which is bolstered through the
internal peace and security.” Infrastructure, adoption of the Sendai Framework in the
both economic and social, will be expanded updated Regional Disaster Risk Reduction
and upgraded. Efforts will be exerted to have and Management Plan (RDRRMP) of
infrastructure strategically planned and Region 1.
…as anchored in the vision of the peoples in

Region 1, and in response to observed trends
and challenges.
Anchored on the AmBisyon 2040 and SDGs, the President’s Agenda, the medium-term vision for
RDP 2023-2028 is as follows:
“By 2028, Region 1 shall be revitalized into a more resilient, inclusive, and competitive
region where safe, diverse, and prosperous peoples enjoy an abundance of sustained
equitable opportunities, strategic investments and ingenious innovations enabled by good
governance”
This vision statement was prepared and Region 1. With this, revitalized means that the
validated through various consultations with region recovered from scarring due to
government officials, civil society COVID-19, resilient translates into a region
representatives, and individual residents of that is able to bounce back better from the
7
effects of disasters, inclusive speaks that pillars, people will become healthier, happier,
development in the region is for all, and and will live virtuous lives.
competitive region is a region that attracts and
maintains successful enterprises and maintains Encapsulating this vision is the region’s
or increases standards of living for the region's Vision Tagline for 2023 to 2028, that is
inhabitants. Furthermore, safe revolves REACH Region 1. REACH stands for the key
around physical and political security, elements of the region’s vision as discussed
including police presence and functioning a earlier- Resilient, All-inclusive, Competitive,
fair justice system, diverse recognizes the and Healthy. This RDP provides the
unique cultures and indigenous groups in the framework and direction for the region to
region, and prosperous points out the desire of reach its vision and extend its reach.
the people to be financially independent.
A Vision-Reality Gap Analysis 2 was conducted
Furthermore, abundance of sustained using several indicators for each of the
equitable opportunities, strategic elements of the new vision of Region 1. The
investments and ingenious innovations give results of the gap analysis revealed that the
due emphasis to the peoples’ wish to have biggest gap is in the innovation and social
opportunities for personal and financial sector, particularly the health sector. These
growth that benefits all without compromising findings were corroborated by the strong
the environment with these opportunities clamor of the stakeholders during the
fairly shared across all peoples. Finally, good consultations to focus on strengthening the
healthcare system and improving innovation
governance speaks of the people who want to
to help drive the region’s economy. Therefore,
have a government that responds to their
needs and is also actively working with the there is a need for a Plan for Economic and
citizenry in all facets of decision-making. Social Transformation that accelerates
Ultimately, it is hoped that by attaining these economic and social recovery toward inclusive
and resilient prosperity.
Social Trends
Poverty
The region’s poverty situation has Among the four provinces, Ilocos Norte
improved over the years, from a high of recorded the lowest poverty incidence among
18.50 percent of the poor population in 2012 population at 2.50 percent in 2021 followed
to a low of 9.90 percent in 2018. However, the by La Union (9.30%), Ilocos Sur (15.10%),
pandemic has pushed the level of poverty and Pangasinan at 17.90 percent.
among the population to 14.40 by 2021.
8
The annual per capita poverty thresholds While poverty is relatively low in Region 1,
(or poverty line) in La Union and in Ilocos pockets of poverty exist. These are areas
Norte are relatively lower compared with with poverty rates that are 150 percent
the rest of the region. The poverty line is the higher than the regional poverty incidence.
amount needed by an individual per year to Using the 2018 Small Area Estimates (SAE)
meet his basic needs. The poverty lines for an of PSA and the 2018 poverty incidence rate of
individual in La Union and in Ilocos Norte in 9.90 percent, the pockets of poverty in the
2021 are PHP27,909 and PHP31,031, region are the towns with at least 14.80
respectively. In comparison, the poverty lines percent poverty incidence. These are the
in Pangasinan and in Ilocos Sur are towns of Bolinao (16.30%), Aguilar (16.20%),
PHP31,240 and PHP32,752, respectively. Bugallon (15.30%), and Bautista (14.80%).
All of these towns are in Pangasinan. On one
Hence, it can be inferred that the low poverty hand, all of the towns and cities in the
incidence in La Union and Ilocos Norte was provinces of Ilocos Norte and La Union
due to relatively lower cost of living in these posted a poverty incidence of less than 10
provinces. percent.
Social Services
The changes in population and habitation and Pangasinan, and one private hospital in
pattern affected the region’s social services. La Union. Unfortunately, the province of
To note, there are only 23 Level 2 hospitals in Ilocos Sur currently has no Level 3 hospital.
the region. Seventy-eight percent or 18 of However, the Ilocos Sur Medical Center in
these Level 2 hospitals are privately owned. Candon, Ilocos Sur, is a welcome
With these, there is a need to expand the development as it is slated to be a Level 3
capacity of the existing tertiary hospitals in hospital. For higher education institutions
the region, coupled with increase in the (HEIs), small private HEIs dot the region
capacity of public Level 2 hospitals. Public and most of the public HEIs are in urban
tertiary or Level 3 hospitals are important in areas. They tend to be situated in the Manila
meeting the health demands of the public, North Road (MNR), just like the curative
and these can be supported by private facilities. Such can be said to be in line with
hospitals. Majority of the advanced health the population trend of the region. Thus,
requirements of the region are provided there is a need for reliable and regular public
mainly by the four tertiary hospitals, three of transport access between the cities and towns
which are Department of Health (DOH)- to facilitate access to learning and curative
retained hospitals in Ilocos Norte, La Union facilities.
9
Demand for healthcare workers (HCWs) has could rise to as much as PHP275,000 in the
been amplified by the pandemic, especially in United States. The wage offered in advanced
advanced economies with aging populations. economies is expected to increase with the
This translates into a huge wage differential. growing demand for health care, making it
For instance, the base salary for nurses in the more attractive for Filipino health workers to
Philippines ranges from an average of go abroad. This may adversely affect access
PHP17,000 in private hospitals to around to, and quality of health care in the country. 3
PHP35,000 in government hospitals; while it
COVID-19 Cases and Treatment Facilities

In relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is cases as of 2 January 2023 based on DOH
hoped that the worst is over for the region. data, 168 or 30.77 percent are in hospital
Peaks have been observed in October 2021 facilities accounting for 9.70 percent of the
and in February 2022, with a small peak in available hospital beds. The limited number
October 2022. With respect to the health of intensive care unit beds and ventilators
facilities capable of dealing with COVID-19 must be increased by purchasing machines
patients, there are 117 public and private and employing the staff complement to
healthcare facilities in the region with 1,726 improve the region’s capability to respond to
beds for COVID-19 patients of which 225 are a higher level of care especially in the
for intensive care. Also, the region has 106 province of Ilocos Sur to hopefully decongest
mechanical ventilators for severely-ill the Level 3 hospitals in La Union and Ilocos
COVID-19 patients. Of the current 546 active Norte.
10
Figure 1.1. COVID-19 Cases in Region 1: 2 January 2023
Source: DOH COVID-19 Tracker (https://www.doh.gov.ph/covid19tracker)
Economic Trends
Production Share
For the past two decades, the region’s activities. On one hand, the share of Industry
economy has been dominated by the Sector comprising manufacturing, mining
Services Sector as evidenced by its share in and quarrying, construction, and the basic
the Gross Regional Domestic Product utilities is increasing through the years. The
(GRDP) equivalent to 51.7% in 2021. This share of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
sector comprises wholesale and retail trading, (AFF) Sector has a decreasing trend as seen in
logistics, financial intermediation, real estate, Figure 1.2.
and public services, and other related
11
Figure 1.2. Percent Share of Sectors to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Constant 2008 Prices,
Region 1: 2000 to 2021
Source : PSA
Production Growth
For the most recent years, the COVID-19 economy, Industry, and Services, registered -
pandemic has disrupted the region’s 9.5 and -9.6 percent growth, respectively.
growth momentum. The region’s economy Furthermore, the growth of the regional
recorded accelerated growth before the economy closely followed that of the NCR
pandemic, from 5.6 percent in 2017 to 7.3 and of the nation in general for the past two
percent in 2019. However, for the first time in decades as seen in Figure 1.3. Declines in the
over long years, Region 1 experienced an region’s economy were noted during the
economic downturn in 2020 because of the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009 where
spread of COVID-19 virus. The region’s the region’s GRDP registered a negative 0.10
economy posted a negative growth of 7.7 percent growth, and during the peak of the
percent for the year. Except for the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019-2020 where
agriculture sector, which registered growth at another drop to negative 7.70 percent was
0.9 percent, the two bigger sectors of the recorded. The peak of the region’s growth
12
was in 2009-2010 with an 8.70 percent a growth between 4.0 to 6.0 percent on the
growth- higher than that of NCR and of the average for the past 22 years.
nation as a whole. In sum, the region posted
Figure 1.3. Growth Rates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Regional Development Product
(GRDP) in Constant 2008 Prices, Philippines, National Capital Region and Region 1: 2000 to 2021
Source : PSA
Ultimately, the region posted a positive goods and services, and resumption of
GRDP growth in 2021, but the scarring various economic activities where job
effects of the COVID-19 pandemic still opportunities became handier. However, the
impacted the region’s economy. In 2021, the growth was still below the pre-pandemic
region’s economy recovered to 4.6 percent, levels from 2017 to 2019 and, likewise, fell
with the Industry and Services sectors short of achieving the 6.0 to 8.0 percent target
remarkably bouncing back due to the gradual for 2021. Improving agricultural productivity
reopening of the economy- the lifting of and logistics across the regions are expected
lockdowns, continued and easier flow of to generate positive growth across the sectors
of the region.
Unemployment
In spite of the bumps in the region’s in 2004, dramatic reduction was observed in
economy, the unemployment in the region the incidence of unemployment in 2005 and
has shown a decreasing trend. From a peak such has remained the trend. However, the
13
COVID-19 pandemic surged the rate in 2017 by 0.7 percentage points. As
unemployment again, but mitigated by the presented in Figure 1.4, a downward trend is
concerted efforts of the public and the private expected up to the end of the plan period.
sectors by 2021. A lower unemployment rate There remains an upside risk to
was recorded in 2021 at 8.2 percent compared unemployment especially for the first two
to 2020 because of the re-opening of the years of this RDP due to possible employee
establishments. However, the figure was still fatigue and uncertainty of employers to fully
higher than the pre-pandemic figures in 2018 reopen as COVID-19 remains active.
and 2019 but lower than the unemployment
Figure 1.4. Unemployment Rate with linear forecasting in Region 1: 2000 to 2021
Data source: PSA. Forecasts for 2022 to 2028 by NEDA Regional Office 1.Headline Inflation
Headline inflation reached the higher end 2021, headline inflation reached the higher
of the inflation target in 2021 due to the end of the inflation target at 4.0 percent due
African Swine Fever (ASF), rising global oil to the ASF, rising global oil prices, and
prices, and pandemic-induced supply pandemic-induced supply disruptions. In
disruptions. Prior to the COVID-19 response, the government eased meat import
pandemic, the region’s inflation hovered at restrictions and temporarily reduced tariffs.
the lower end of the target. However, in Fuel subsidy under the Pantawid Pasada
14
Fuel Program was also provided to public Kasambahays) considering further the rising
utility vehicle (PUV) drivers. The Regional prices of basic commodities, such as food,
Tripartite Wage and Productivity Board electricity and water utilities, oil products,
(RTWPB)-1, likewise, increased the and changes in the values of wage-related
minimum wage rates in the region through socio-economic indicators. The shift from
Wage Order No. RB1-21 (for workers in non- community quarantines to the new COVID-
agriculture and agriculture sectors) and 19 alert level system also allowed the
Wage Order No. RB1-DW-03 (for economy to gradually reopen.
Food Inflation
Food inflation further accelerated in 2021. caused by Typhoon Maring and the ASF that
Food inflation increased to 4.8 percent in affected the livestock industry further
2021 compared to the 3.9 percent and 2.4 constricted the supply of agricultural
percent inflation figures in 2020 and 2019, commodities in the region. Henceforth, the
respectively. Among the food commodities, region must intensify investments in its
meat registered the highest inflation in 2021 livestock agriculture to abate food inflation
at 13.5 percent. It also posted a 6.9 percentage coupled with necessary improvements in the
points increase compared to its 6.6 percent productivity, processing, storage, and
inflation in 2020. Likewise, the inflation of transport of its grains, vegetables and fruits,
vegetables, rice, and corn increased in 2021 and fisheries.
compared to the previous year. The damages
15
Figure 1.5. Food Inflation Rate with linear forecasting in Region 1: 2016 to 2021
Source: PSA. Forecasts for 2022 to 2028 by NEDA Regional Office 1.4
Geopolitical Trends
West Philippine Sea Issues and Russia-Ukraine War
Similar to the country, Region 1 is not spared foreign fishing vessels with much more
from the negative effects of the West powerful fishing boats and bigger capacities
Philippine Sea issues and the ongoing Russia- to catch fish. This disparate capacity of locals
Ukraine War. Region 1 is a major vis-a-vis foreign boats is further aggravated
contributor to the food security of the by the Russia-Ukraine conflict contributing
country, and the region counts among its to higher oil prices which affects the
traditional fishing channels the areas in the fisherfolks, and the transport and agriculture
West Philippine Sea. However, the sectors in the region. Moreover, the prices of
aggressiveness of China over its claim in the food commodities are expected to increase,
West Philippine Sea continues to be a and it needs prudent fiscal interventions
security and economic threat to the country and timely monetary policy shifts. Such is
and in Region 1 as the entire coastline of displayed by Figure 1.5 demonstrating the
Ilocos Region is in the West Philippine Sea. linear model on food inflation rate in the
Moreover, while fishing is one of the major region which ranges between five to six
industries in Region 1, this is threatened by percent in the next six years
16
Environmental Trends
Climate Change and Water Stress
Climate change has resulted in the persistent knee-deep flooding if sea levels
occurrence of more frequent and stronger rise by 0.50 meters.
typhoons in the region which has affected the
socioeconomic condition of the region, With respect to water use, hydrologists
particularly the agriculture and fishery typically assess scarcity by looking at the
sectors. Weather disturbances accelerate population-water equation. According to the
commodity prices that contribute to higher Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation
inflation rates. Zoonotic diseases such as Master Plan, the region is just above the
Bird Flu and ASF likewise affect the local benchmark from experiencing water
supply of meat and poultry which can also scarcity as its water supply per capita per
drive commodity price increases at a faster year is just 1,073 m3. Worst, the region is
rate. the fifth least water-abundant region in the
country with just 4.49 billion cubic meters
Climate change is more than just an
available per year 5. Hence, as irrigation
international buzzword for the region.
remains the primary user of water, the region
Climate change and its attendant water stress
must invest in more water-savvy agriculture,
are the realities that the region must face. The
coupled with protection of its existing open
cities of Dagupan and Alaminos
and closed forests and river basins, and wise
(Pangasinan), and San Fernando (La
water infrastructure investments to prioritize
Union), the town of Agoo (La Union), and
use of surface instead of groundwater.
their nearby towns may experience
Technological Trends
Digitalization and Access to Global Markets
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted to develop new business models to adhere to
the need to fast-track the upgrading of the health protocols. Schools had to explore
digital connectivity in Region 1. The public all possible means for a more effective
sector had to shift from its usual office setup learning experience. All these would require
to more flexible work arrangements for the digital technology and infrastructure, and
provision of services. The private sector had even as we are trying to live with the virus,
17
digital technology will continue to be an the region’s logistics infrastructure and can
effective tool and driver for governance, also pit the local producers against
productivity, and growth. international sources. These pose concern on
the development of additional capacity of
Moreover, young ones and the older ones are roads, ports, and airports, and in the
enjoying the convenience of buying and regulatory environment that helps ensure
selling goods and services from abroad. The access to safe and high-quality goods and
proliferation of online shopping platforms services by which taxes and duties are paid.
and even the use of social media intensified Moreover, necessary interventions to make
by the digitalization of businesses local producers competitive with the
contributed to this phenomenon. Such affects international market need to be made as well.
1
That is why the abuloy or material help given to those who are grieving is sometimes called “saranay” in Ilocano.
2
The Vision-Reality Gap Analysis is the measure of the difference between the end state and the existing situation. The Vision used in this
analysis is the newly formulated vision for this RDP.
3
Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028. https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/philippine-development-plan-2023-2028/.
4
The model utilized simple linear forecasting method to forecast the trend of food inflation in the region for the coming years, cet. par.
5
Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan. https://neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/120921_PWSSMP_Main-Report.pdf
18
02
RegionalSpat
ial
DevelopmentFramewor
k
CHAPTER 2
Regional Spatial Development

Framework
The region continues to improve its physical assets, particularly giving much emphasis on its key regional and sub-
regional centers, major infrastructure projects, and initiatives to address vulnerabilities to disasters. The RDP shall
also provide general guidance to provinces in the formulation and updating of their respective Provincial
Development and Physical Framework Plans.
The Regional Spatial Strategy

The Philippines has embraced Connectivity, development, food security and
Concentration, and Vulnerability Reduction environmental integrity. Further,
as its key strategies in harnessing land and concentration includes upscaling the quality,
natural resources. These three pillars quantity, and diversity of social and
contribute to the long-term vision of a economic services in the centers. The
matatag, maginhawa at panatag na buhay vulnerability reduction strategy involves
para sa lahat and are contained in the Region instituting prevention and mitigation
1 Spatial Strategy (RSS).1 The RSS is the measures to reduce the impact of climate
primary reference document for all land use change and disasters on the community.
concerns by the virtue of RDC-1 Resolution Prevention and mitigation measures
No. 60, s. 2022 in Region 1. incorporate green and gray infrastructure,
capacity building, and enabling policies.
The strategy of connectivity aims to connect
the settlements to form an efficient network Prudent management of limited land
of physical and digital infrastructure that resources is an integral component of the
facilitates movement of people, resources, plan. For one, the vision pillar of abundance
and ideas. This means improving access of sustained equitable opportunities,
among settlements and key production areas strategic investments and ingenious
by connecting rural areas to growth centers innovations emphasizes peoples’ wish of
and strengthening urban-rural linkages. opportunities for personal and financial
Concentration involves encouraging people, growth that benefits all without
capital, and resources to stay in the main compromising the environment with these
urban centers while containing urban sprawl, opportunities. Undergirding this thrust is the
without compromising rural and peripheral spirit of sinnaranay wherein land is shared
Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

23
and where communities thrive with the land
and with other communities as well.
Physical Characteristics
Overview
Region 1 is located in the northwest of Luzon The region has four provinces, namely: Ilocos
and it is bounded on the west and on the Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Pangasinan
north by the West Philippine Sea, on the east with nine cities - Laoag and Batac in Ilocos
by the provinces of Cagayan and Nueva Norte, Vigan and Candon in Ilocos Sur, San
Vizcaya in Region 2, Kalinga, Apayao, Abra, Fernando in La Union, and Urdaneta,
Alaminos, Dagupan, and San Carlos in
Mountain Province and Benguet of the
Pangasinan. It has 116 municipalities and
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR),
3,265 barangays. San Fernando City is the
and Nueva Ecija in Region 3. In the south,
capital of the region. The Administrative
Region 1 is bounded by the provinces of Boundary map is in Figure 2.1.
Zambales, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija, all in
Region 3.
Land Area
As of 2020, the region has a total land area of percent of the region’s land area. The
12,964.62 kms2 which comprises 4.32 percent province of La Union is the smallest with
of the country’s total land area. Pangasinan 1,499.28 km2 or 11.56 percent of the total.
is the largest province which comprises 42
Table 2.1. Land Area by Province, Region 1

PROVINCE LAND AREA (KM2) PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Region 1 12,964.62 100
Ilocos Norte 3,418.75 26
Ilocos Sur 2,596.00 20
La Union 1,499.28 12
Pangasinan 5,450.59 42
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

24
Figure 2.1. Administrative Boundaries Map of Region 1
Source: Regional Physical Framework Plan. Figure 2.1 Administrative Boundaries Map of Region 1

25
Actual Land Use
The region’s land is predominantly Build-up areas are relatively limited.

brushlands or shrublands. Shrublands Observed build-up areas are along the
contain thick clusters of shrubs and young coastline and the MNR, especially the cities of
trees mixed with scattered grasses and Dagupan, San Carlos, and Urdaneta
wildflowers. These characteristics make them (Pangasinan) and in San Fernando City (La
appealing for grazing cattle. Moreover, they Union). Build-up is also being observed in
can be easily cleared for residential and the cities of Laoag and Batac (Ilocos Norte)
industrial purposes, and for agriculture. and Vigan City and its environs, and Candon
Hence, it can be observed that human City (Ilocos Sur). The build-up in the region
habitation in the hilly and mountainous areas is generally linear in nature following the
of the region are in the shrublands. road networks. If this will remain the case in
the following years, heavier vehicular traffic
The region’s prime agricultural lands are is expected in the entire stretch of Region 1.
concentrated in the Agno and Laoag river This will result in lower productivity and
floodplains. Agricultural lands are also in the decreased quality of life and environmental
Abra and Naguilian floodplains. Hence, health.
agricultural production of the region is
heavily dependent on the water and nutrients The encroachment of prime agricultural
that flow through and with the major river lands by commercial, industrial, and
systems. Reduction of water flow will residential land uses is an ongoing
negatively affect food security in the region. challenge to the region’s quest for food
security. Moreover, the settlements in the
The forests of the region are usually along shrublands are converting more of the
the borders with the Cordilleras. These remaining shrublands into residential and
forests are predominantly in Ilocos Norte and agricultural uses. Hence, the emerging issue
Ilocos Sur. Patches of forests also dot the is attaining a careful balance between
riverine environments in La Union, and converting agricultural lands and shrublands
Pangasinan and these are predominantly in to meet the demand for more space in light of
areas with steeper terrain. Thus, the only the region’s economic growth with the need
remaining forests in the region are those that to protect the region’s agricultural and forest
are in the relatively inaccessible areas. Left as lands. The map of the region’s actual land use
is, these forests may shrink further thereby is in Figure 2.2.
affecting the region’s water supply.

26
Figure 2.2. Actual Land Use Map of Region 1

27
Assessment and Challenges
Population Distribution
Region 1 has a total population of 5,301,139 approved yet unregistered CADTs cover
based on the 2020 Census of Population of portions of Carasi (Ilocos Norte), Nagbukel
the PSA, accounting for 4.86% of the (Ilocos Sur), and San Nicolas (Pangasinan).
Philippine population. The population of the Other identified areas of IP for tenure
four provinces of Region 1 increases in a through CADT include portions of Nueva
linear trend, except for Pangasinan, which Era, Pagudpud, Vintar, Solsona, Marcos,
has decreased by at least 0.25 percentage Bangui, Burgos, and Dumalneg (Ilocos
points. Population density increased to 409 Norte), Banayoyo, Burgos, Cabugao, Candon
persons per square kilometer in 2020, from City, Galimuyod, Magsingal, Narvacan,
308 in 2015. Development concentration is Quirino, Salcedo, San Juan, Santa Cruz, Sta
seen in the growth centers along the MNR Lucia, Santo Domingo, Sigay, and Suyo
and major road systems. The urban (Ilocos Sur), and Bacnotan (La Union).
population in the region reached 25.5% in
2020, five percentage points higher than the The public Higher Education Institutions
2015 level. (HEIs) are in urban areas. However, most
HEIs are in flood and liquefaction prone
Lands of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) with areas. Further, it was identified that 26,317
Certificates of Ancestral Domain Titles students are in places outside the set
(CADT) are relatively not densely populated catchment areas of existing elementary and
and are distant from advanced medical secondary schools2. Complicating this
centers and educational institutions. There is further is that 59 or 8.09 percent of the
only one approved and registered CADT in elementary schools in the region do not offer
the region and that is covering the entire complete elementary grades. A total of 37
municipality of Sugpon (Ilocos Sur). The (62.71 percent) of these schools are in Ilocos
CADTs covering the whole of Alilem (Ilocos Sur. Sigay and Cervantes, Ilocos Sur, host
Sur), Pugo, Bagulin, and San Gabriel (La three of these schools- both towns belong to
Union) are in force but not yet registered the fourth income class (See also Chapter 4.2).
with their respective Registry of Deeds. Other

28
Figure 2.3. Population Distribution Map of Region 1

29
Settlements and Transport
As of 2020, Region 1 has a total of 1,693.67 connection is still spotty in the region’s
kms of roads. The MNR serves as the upland municipalities. These lead to digital
backbone of the region’s economy as the divide between the settlements along the
main thoroughfare in the region. This MNR MNR and the upland municipalities (See also
is supported by the 88.50 km Tarlac- Chapter 13).
Pangasinan-La Union Expressway (TPLEX).
The region’s road network penetrates the There are no existing sewerage systems in
major population centers and production the region4. However, cities and their
zones. However, it is noted that sufficient environs including Dagupan, San Carlos, and
Urdaneta cities and Malasiqui and
redundancy measures must be built into
Bayambang (Pangasinan), San Fernando City
the network. East-west lateral roads shall
(La Union), Vigan (Ilocos Sur), and Laoag
further be developed (See also Chapter 13). In
(Ilocos Norte) should also consider planning
addition, the key cities and interchanges in
for sewerage services as population is
the region will need intermodal terminals to
expected to grow. Decentralized Water
help facilitate better vehicular traffic
Treatment Systems (DEWATS) are present
movement.
in some areas of the region, especially in La
The Laoag International Airport serves as a Union.
gateway to Region 1 via air as it is the only
It is critical to expand the capacity of the
airport in the region that has commercial
existing tertiary hospitals in the region.
flights. Community airports are also
Majority of the advanced health
present. Supplementing these airports are the
requirements of the region is provided
seaports, with Sual (Pangasinan), Salomague
mainly by the four tertiary hospitals, three of
(Ilocos Sur), San Fernando City (La Union),
which are DOH-retained hospitals in Ilocos
Pasuquin and Currimao (Ilocos Norte)
Norte, La Union and Pangasinan, and by a
taking the lead. These air and seaports must
private hospital in La Union. Among the
be maximized (See also Chapter 13).
Level 2 hospitals, only five out of 24 are public
As of 2018, there are 1,116 cell sites hospitals- only the provincial hospital of each
operating in the region3. Using the 2015 province with the addition of a city hospital
population of the region, it means that each in Candon in Ilocos Sur (See also Chapter
cell site is catering to 4,504 residents of the 4.1).
region. Mobile internet and cellular phone

30
Figure 2.4. Settlement and Transport Map of Region 1

31
Settlements and Protected Areas
There are 17 protected areas in Region 1 that River Basin, San Roque Dam is along Agno
include protected landscapes, forest reserves, River, and the Agua-Grande is within the
national parks, monuments/landmarks Laoag River Basin. Except for Laoag River
covering an area of 36,167.33 hectares. This is System, these large river basins are reliant on
equal to almost three percent of the region’s the Cordillera region as their watershed.
land area. They are part of the National Hence, coordinated inter-regional watershed
Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) governance is necessary.
as established by RA 11038. Of these 17
protected areas, nine are Legislated Protected Fecal coliform counts (FCC) in the three
Areas. These areas are part of the public priority Water Quality Management Areas
domain primarily meant for conserving the (WQMAs) are beyond the acceptable limit.
flora and fauna of the country where These three WQMAs in the region whose
boundaries were clearly delineated already. FCCs are beyond the standards are
The other eight are either initial (7) or Sinocalan-Dagupan River System (SDRS) in
additional component (1) of the NIPAS. Pangasinan, the Naguilian River System
These components must be legislated with (NRS) in La Union, and the Lower
clear delineation of their boundaries. All of Amburayan River System (LARS) which
these protected areas are connected to a spans through La Union and Ilocos Sur. More
National Road or are linked to national roads DEWATS are needed in these areas.
through a network of local roads. Hence,
Critical watersheds are those that need
these areas can be accessed by individuals for
immediate protection and rehabilitation to
relaxation. Moreover, these protected areas
minimize erosion and improve water yield.
do not have major human settlements within
The contiguous Laoag, Vintar and Bolo River
their metes and bounds. Encroachment of
Watersheds (Ilocos Norte) together comprise
human settlements do not pose a significant
the largest critical watersheds of the region.
threat for now.
The Aringay River (La Union) and Bued
The largest river basins in the region are River (Pangasinan) watersheds come in next.
Agno (Pangasinan), Laoag (Ilocos Norte), Other watersheds are Cabugao River
Abra (Ilocos Sur), Amburayan (Ilocos Sur Watershed (Ilocos Sur), Buaya River
and La Union), and Balili-Naguilian (La Watershed covering Salcedo, Sta. Lucia, and
Union). All these river systems host major G. del Pilar (Ilocos Sur), and Nayom River
irrigation networks. Hydropower plants are Watershed in Infanta (Ilocos Sur). Some of
also along their respective course. the portions of these watersheds are currently
Specifically, Bakun is within Amburayan part of established Protected Areas including

32
portions of Laoag River Basin (Metropolitan and Buaya River Basin (Salcedo Protected
Ilocos Norte Watershed and Forest Reserve), Area and Tirad Pass Protected Landscape)
Figure 2.5. Protected Areas Map of Region 1

33
Hazards and Settlements
In terms of hydrologic risks, the region’s Western Pangasinan have high risk of
lowlands where population and government liquefaction.
offices are concentrated generally in flood
prone areas (medium to high risk) while the Based on the data generated by
hilly areas in Western Pangasinan highlands GeoAnalyticsPH, 1,060.09 km2 or
are at a medium risk for rain-induced approximately 52.5 percent of Ilocos Norte
landslides. Mountainous areas in Western are prone to earthquake-induced landslides.
Pangasinan are at a high risk for landslides. Of these areas, 18.3 and 1.7 percent are
Upland La Union and Ilocos Sur areas are classified as having high and moderate
relatively safe from flooding yet with susceptibility, respectively. About 58.3
moderate to high risks for rain-induced percent of the province of Ilocos Sur, or
landslides. These flood-prone areas are the roughly 1,002.67 km2, is prone to earthquake-
places where victims of the typhoons that induced landslides. Of these areas, 29.5 and
buffeted the region are concentrated (Please 2.9 percent are classified as having a high and
see Figure 2.6 and See also Chapter 16). moderate susceptibility to earthquake-
induced landslides, respectively. Of the four
Northwestern Luzon is one of the seismically provinces, Ilocos Sur and Ilocos Norte have
active regions in the country because of the the highest risk of earthquake-induced
presence of active faults. In the region, the landslide, and this can be attributed to the
most prominent fault system was the West mountainous slopes facing various towns in
Ilocos Fault System which runs across these provinces, along with the presence of a
southern Ilocos Norte and northern Ilocos long stretch of the West Ilocos Fault System5.
Sur, and the East Zambales Fault and various
segments of the Philippine Fault cut across To note, the 27 July 2022 Magnitude 7.0
many areas in Pangasinan. Hence, all the earthquake event affected the region.
provinces in the region are vulnerable to Earthquake-induced landslides and tension
ground shaking due to earthquakes, cracks were observed in Bantay, Lidlidda,
especially the areas along the faultlines. Nagbukel, Narvacan, and San Emilio (Ilocos
Furthermore, the coastal areas of La Union Sur), and San Fernando City (La Union) with
and Northern Pangasinan are at risk of the landslides in Lidlidda and San Emilio
tsunami in case of a strong earthquake displacing entire barangays. Sea level
triggered by movement in the Manila Trench. disturbance were observed in Ilocos Sur and
Moreover, the coastal areas of Ilocos Sur, La Union. Liquefaction was observed in
Ilocos Norte, Northern La Union, and Ilocos Sur’s shoreline. The ground-shaking

34
contributed to structural damages across the City and Bantay (Ilocos Sur)6 (Please see
region, most notably to the century-old Figure 2.7).
heritage assets of Region 1 especially in Vigan
Figure 2.6. Flood Susceptibility Map of Region 1

35
Figure 2.7. Landslide Susceptibility Map of Region 1

36
Production and Transport
There is a significant decrease in the emerging rice and corn Agri-Business
region’s croplands. The estimated area Corridors (ABCs) are along the Agno, Abra,
allocated for annual crops like rice, corn, and and Laoag floodplains. Coconut-based ABCs
peanuts is 296,670.17 hectares in 2020. This are in western Pangasinan and portions of
is 127,088.62 hectares less than the 2015 data. northern Ilocos Norte. Dagupan and
Of this reduction, 41.90 percent is attributed Alaminos cities are identified priority areas
to conversion of farmlands to built-up areas for fishery-based agri-businesses.9
for a total of 53,258.17 hectares. The
remaining 58.10 percent or 41,022.03 The extensive national road network
hectares is converted to forestlands.7 complemented by the local roads built by
However, even with the decrease of LGUs with farm-to-market roads,
agricultural land, the region has more than production areas are linked to
100 percent food sufficiency rate except for consumption centers. The airports and
root crops. Thus, there is a need to improve seaports link the region’s production areas
land productivity and the travel time from with the rest of the world (See also Chapter 7).
the farms to the consumers (See also Chapter
Cold storage facilities are concentrated in
7).
Pangasinan. There are only five cold storage
Key agricultural production areas to be facilities in the region that are accredited for
protected from conversion are identified as warehousing agricultural products. There is
Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries also no major centralized agricultural market
Development Zones (SAFDZ).8 Most of in the region.10 While the region continues
SAFDZs are the croplands in Pangasinan to produce more than it can consume,
plains especially along the Agno River resiliency is an issue as there are no storage
together with the floodplains of Laoag River facilities available to sustain the settlements
(Ilocos Norte). Other croplands identified as at times of market upheavals and harvest
SAFDZs are also along Amburayan River and shortages (See also Chapter 7).
Abra River in La Union and Ilocos Sur,
A total of 143,664.59 hectares comprises the
respectively. These croplands of the region
irrigation service area in the region.11
are readily accessible to the market. Such is
However, only 128,477.68 hectares or 89.42
not the case for the livestock areas,
percent is left in the service area after
shrublands and production forests of the
deducting permanently non-irrigable lands.
region that are in between these prime crop
In total, only 88.23 percent of the firmed-
lands and are in the hilly and mountainous
up service area is irrigated during the rainy
portions of the region. Moreover, the

37
season. The gap between firmed-up service fueled plants in La Union. In terms of
area and the irrigated area during the rainy renewable energy, the region’s three
season is attributed to the presence of non- hydroelectric power plants can produce
operational irrigation canals for repair. 510.40 MW, with San Roque Dam in
Pangasinan taking the lead. The wind and
Most of the region’s ecozones are devoted solar power plants are all in Ilocos Norte (See
to the Information Technology (IT) sector also Chapter 13 and 16).
and in the urban centers especially in Ilocos
Norte. It was also observed that some mixed- Tourism destinations abound in the region.
use economic zones are in Eastern Beaches dot the coastline. Since the MNR
Pangasinan. Tourism economic zones are runs parallel to the coast, most of the beaches
also in Ilocos Norte and Pangasinan. In the are very accessible. Apart from Vigan City,
future, the ports can host mixed-used the region also hosts two churches that are
ecozones as well (See also Chapter 11). listed as UNESCO World Heritage sites.
These sites are well-connected to the national
The region is by far a net energy exporter. highway system and through the
The two coal-fired power plants in the region convergence program of the DOT and
are in Sual (Pangasinan) producing 1,294 DPWH for enhancing tourism access (See
megawatts (MW). There are also two diesel- also Chapter 8).

38
Figure 2.8. Production and Transport Map of Region 1

39
Overall Spatial Framework- GROCIAD with CCW
The existing “Growth Center, Integrated towns. Regional Centers are cities with a
Area Development (GROCIAD) Approach population of at least 100,000 individuals,
with Export-oriented cum Tourism-focused and are hosting tertiary learning and
Strategy” in the previous RDP 2017-2022 healthcare institutions, major entertainment
shall be enhanced with Centers-Corridors- and shopping centers, and offices of major
Wedges (CCW) Framework.12 This enhanced businesses and government
framework shall be called as GROCIAD with instrumentalities. Sub-regional Centers are
CCW Framework. This new framework the catchment areas of Regional Centers and
translates the land use strategies into a they link the Provincial Centers with the
coherent plan in the light of the new RDP Regional Centers, and feature facilities
2023-2028. The existing cities with their identical with those in the Regional Centers
corresponding spheres of influences and albeit more limited in scope and scale.
development focus under the GROCIAD Provincial Centers are towns or cities’ centers
Framework shall be considered as the that serve as the apex of intra-provincial
Growth Centers together with identified key markets.
Table 2.2. Functional Roles of Growth Centers in Region 1
REGIONAL CENTERS SUB-REGIONAL CENTERS PROVINCIAL CENTERS

Laoag City, Ilocos Norte Vigan City, Ilocos Sur Batac City, Ilocos Norte
San Fernando City, La Union Alaminos City, Pangasinan Dingras, Ilocos Norte
Dagupan City, Pangasinan Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Candon City, Ilocos Sur
Bangar, La Union
Luna, La Union
Agoo, La Union
San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Lingayen, Pangasinan
Calasiao, Pangasinan
Rosales, Pangasinan
Tayug, Pangasinan

40
Integral programs and projects in the Growth public services within walking distance from
Centers include improvement in health and the residential communities (See also Chapter
educational facilities and building of new 4.3). These clusters will also benefit with the
low- to mid-rise housing and provision of construction of food terminals/bagsakan in
affordable rental housing (See also Chapter Dagupan and Urdaneta cities and Tayug
4). In addition, these Growth Centers need (Pangasinan), and Vigan City (Ilocos Sur)
road quality improvements towards safer (See also Chapter 7).
roads and sidewalks, and new bypasses and
high-standard expressways like the Corridor Towns lie along the identified
Lingayen-Binmaley Bypass Road and major national roads- MNR, Romulo
expressway linking Dagupan with Tarlac- Highway (Route 55), Camiling-Santa
Pangasinan-La Union Expressway (TPLEx), Barbara Road, San Jose City-Umingan
respectively. Bulk water plants tapping Road, Marcos Highway, and Naguilian
Laoag, Amburayan, and Agno rivers shall Road (Route 54). Corridor Towns link the
also be built to meet the demands of these identified Growth Centers and with the
centers, together with construction of new major cities and municipalities in other
septage treatment plants. As the rivers regions. Hence, they are generally residential
flowing in these centers oftentimes have high and agricultural in orientation especially in
Fecal Coliform Count, Decentralized Water their peripheries, with low- to medium-
Treatment Systems will also be built (See also density commercial zones dominated by
Chapter 13). retail shops, offices, and logistics hubs along
the major roads as identified. Industrial
Adjoining Growth Centers together with zones are also present in areas away from the
towns with population density equal or major thoroughfares. The Corridor Towns
more than 1.50 times their respective shall be zoned as follows:
province’s population density shall be
considered as one planning cluster and be Transport Station Areas (TSAs)- For towns
treated as integrated area development hosting bus terminals like Pagudpud
(IAD). These interrelated towns complement (Ilocos Norte), Bantay (Ilocos Sur), Sison
each other and generate sufficient market size and Rosales (Pangasinan), their TSAs are
to generate and sustain secondary to tertiary those within the 800-meter radius from the
economic and social services. These planning bus terminals. Medium-rise residential
clusters can be developed as Planned Unit housing is encouraged in TSAs. Medium-
Development (PUD) characterized by impact, medium-rise retail and office
walkable streets, well-planned use of public buildings shall be situated here as well with
transport, housing units, and presence of provision for pedestrian mobility. In

41
addition, intermodal transport terminals Relevant projects for the Corridor Towns
shall be situated here. TSAs shall host zones include upgrading of Caba-Naguilian and
classed up to R4-Z, C2-Z, UTS-Z, and GI-Z. Bacnotan-Luna-Balaoan roads (La Union),
and of Agno River Cause or the existing
Interchange Areas (IAs)- For towns where Lingayen-Urbiztondo-Wawa Road
major national roads intersect like San (Pangasinan). Also, expansion of National
Nicolas (Ilocos Norte), Narvacan and Roads 55 and 306, Regional Highway 5,
Tagudin (Ilocos Sur), and Rosario and Alcala-Umingan Road via Carmen, Tayug-
Santo Tomas (La Union), IAs are those San Quintin Road, and Binalonan-Asingan
within the 2-kilometer radius from the Road shall benefit the corridor towns in
intersection. Medium-impact, medium-rise Pangasinan as this lays the foundation of
warehouses and retail facilities shall be built Pangasinan Ring Road network. (See also
here while observing strict road right-of-way Chapter 13). Building new cold-storage
rules. The IAs have areas defined like the facilities and other forms of warehouses in
identified zoning categories in the TSAs. Currimao (Ilocos Norte), Narvacan (Ilocos
Sur), Rosario (La Union) and Rosales and
Neighborhood Areas- These are areas of
Santo Tomas (Pangasinan) will also bolster
Corridor Towns beyond the road right-of-
these Corridors, together with a new
way that are not TSAs or IAs and are
intermodal terminal in Rosario.
primarily low-rise residential areas with
some retail and civic spaces. Hence, two- Wedges are predominantly residential and
lane roads where public and mass transport agricultural in orientation. Larger-scale
can flow are needed here. Neighborhood commercial developments in the Wedges are
Areas are predominantly R1-Z, R2-Z, C1-Z, to be in the alienable and disposable lands
GI-Z, and UTS-Z. within a 500-meter radius from identified key
social infrastructure. These radiuses in the
General Corridor Areas (GCAs)- These are
Wedges can host C2, AgInd-Z, and I1 zones.
the areas of Corridor Towns not considered Super Health Centers (SHCs) shall be built in
as TSAs, AgInd-Zs, or neighborhood areas. the Wedges especially in those areas distant
Such areas include protected areas, from a hospital (See Chapter 4.1). Priority
agricultural and forested areas, together towns for SHCs are Adams, Carasi and
with parcels occupied by industries. The Nueva Era (Ilocos Norte) G. del Pilar,
GCAs shall also host lateral roads to improve Nagbukel, Quirino, San Emilio, and Sugpon
access to the MNR and other national roads. (Ilocos Sur), Bagulin, San Gabriel, and Santol,
Zones in GCAs include agricultural, PR-Z, (La Union), and Aguilar, Anda, Natividad,
GI-Z, I2-Z, and AgInd-Z. and Infanta (Pangasinan). New road

42
networks like upgrading of Bangar (La zones attached to their properties. Concerned
Union)-Sugpon (Ilocos Sur) Provincial Road, mining and power companies in Bauang and
and establishment of a road link between Bacnotan (La Union) and Sison (Pangasinan)
Pozorrubio and Laoac (Pangasinan) will shall establish their own physical buffer
ensure that the Wedges are linked with the zones.
Corridor towns. More cell sites are also
needed in the Wedges, together with the Uninhabited river deltas are considered as
linking of the fiber optic cables between permanent buffer zones. These include deltas
Laoag City and Cagayan in the National in Laoag River specifically the Munroe
Broadband Network (See also Chapter 13). Island, and Bislak River (Ilocos Norte), Abra,
Santa Maria, Candon City, and Buaya Rivers
Buffer zones shall be declared along the (Ilocos Sur), Balili [Naguilian] and Aringay
fault traces, legal easements, and between River (La Union) and Cayanga River (San
residential/agricultural and non- Fabian, Pangasinan). As permanent
residential zones.13 These buffer zones are to settlements were already formed in the deltas
be kept free from human settlements. In cases of Abra River (Ilocos Sur) and Agno River
where permanent structures are already in (Pangasinan), such settlements must be kept
the buffer zone, relocation may be necessary, as sparsely inhabited as possible while
or LGUs shall have agreements with the providing necessary social and connectivity
landowners to restrict the use of the buffer services.

43
Table 2.3. Centers, Corridors, and Wedges of Region 1
GROWTH CENTERS and Planning Clusters CORRIDORS WEDGES

Laoag City, Ilocos Norte All other towns not considered Ilocos Norte:
(Laoag Planning Cluster: Laoag City, Bacarra, Dingras, Centers or Wedges that usually Dumalneg, Adams, Carasi, Vintar,
San Nicolas, Sarrat) lie along Manila North Road, Piddig, Dingras, Marcos, Solsona,
Batac City, Ilocos Norte Romulo Highway (Route 55), Espiritu (Banna), Nueva Era, Pinili
(Batac Planning Cluster: Batac City, Badoc, Currimao, Camiling-Santa Barbara Road,
Paoay) San Jose City-Umingan Road, Ilocos Sur:
Palispis-Aspiras Highway Nagbukel, Burgos, Lidlidda, Banayoyo,
Vigan City, Ilocos Sur (Marcos Highway), and San Emilio, Galimuyod, Salcedo
(Vigan Planning Cluster: Vigan City, Bantay, Cauayan, Naguilian Road (Route 54) (Baugen), G Del Pilar, Quirino,
San Vicente, Santa Catalina, San Ildefonso, Santo Cervantes, Sigay, Suyo, Sugpon, Alilem
Domingo)
Candon City, Ilocos Sur La Union:
(Candon Planning Cluster: Candon City, Santa Cruz, Santol, San Gabriel, Bagulin
Santa Lucia, Santa Maria Santiago, San Esteban)
Pangasinan:
San Fernando City, La Union Bolinao, Anda, Bani, Agno, Asingan,
(San Fernando Planning Cluster: San Fernando City, Natividad, San Nicolas, San Manuel, San
Bauang) Quintin, Sta Maria, Infanta, Dasol,
Bangar, La Union Mabini, Urbiztondo, Bautista, Laoac
(Bangar Planning Cluster: Bangar, Luna)
Agoo, La Union
(Agoo Planning Cluster: Agoo)
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan

(Urdaneta Planning Cluster: Urdaneta City, Binalonan,
Asingan, Tayug)
(San Carlos Planning Cluster: San Carlos City, Basista,
Bayambang, Malasiqui)
Dagupan City, Pangasinan
(Dagupan Planning Cluster: Dagupan City, Calasiao,
Manaoag, Mangaldan, Mapandan, San Fabian, San
Jacinto, Santa Barbara)
Alaminos City, Pangasinan
(Alaminos Planning Cluster: Alaminos City, Sual)
Lingayen, Pangasinan
(Lingayen Planning Cluster: Lingayen)
Rosales, Pangasinan
(Rosales Planning Cluster: Rosales, Santo Tomas,
Alcala)

44
Figure 2.9. Overall Spatial Framework of Region 1

45
Thematic Frameworks
Production Thematic Framework
Promote agroforestry as alternative use of Chapter 11). The expansive river basins and
non-productive lands in shrublands of the watersheds in the Wedges are beautiful
region. Even with a rapidly evolving touristic areas. These tourism magnets can
economy, wood products remain to be generate sufficient traffic, thereby enticing
sought, including paper. The non-productive private developers to have tourism ecozones
farmlands of these areas can be converted to in these areas (See also Chapters 9 and 11).
agroforests, especially those that are in the
Boost green energy production in the
Wedges.
region. Solar panel farms or wind turbines
Expand irrigation network and improve can be placed especially in the coastlines.
existing ones. Key National Irrigation Promoting green investments in the region
Systems (NIS) identified are the Cabacanan will help the region to leapfrog towards
Small River Irrigation Project (Ilocos Norte), carbon neutrality. This will also help cement
Ilocos Sur Transbasin Project (Ilocos Sur), the existing market dominance of the region
San Felipe Small River Irrigation Project (La in terms of renewable energy production (See
Union), and Bayaoas Small River Irrigation also Chapters 13 and 16).
Project and Lower Agno River Irrigation
System (Pangasinan). Priority for repair is Construct intermodal public transport
the Suyo-Tagudin-Sta. Cruz NIS in Ilocos Sur terminals in the major cities and Corridor
which is one of the oldest irrigation networks Towns. Public inter-province transport in
in the province (See also Chapter 13). the region is dominated by the buses. Hence,
the major cities and Interchange Areas need
Encourage additional private sector-led to have intermodal public transport
economic zones and capitalize on existing terminals where various bus companies are
economic zones. Locators from the based. It shall serve as one-stop-shops where
manufacturing sector can be invited to passengers and cargo can board on their
develop mixed-use ecozones in Salomague transport provider of choice. Priority
(Ilocos Sur) and to Currimao (Ilocos Norte). locations for intermodal terminals are Laoag
Locators can also situate in the emerging City (Ilocos Norte), Bantay and Candon City
Suyo Mixed-use Ecozone in Ilocos Sur. (Ilocos Sur), San Fernando City and Rosario
Moreover, the existing ecozones near Sual (La Union), Urdaneta City, Rosales, and
Port in Pangasinan can be fine-tuned for Dagupan City (Pangasinan) (See also Chapter
agro-industry, especially on salt (See also 13).

46
Figure 2.10. Production Thematic Framework Map of Region 1

47
Protection Thematic Framework
Minimize build-up of settlements in Watershed (Ilocos Sur) and Buaya River
agricultural lands and high-risk areas. As Watershed covering Salcedo, Sta. Lucia, and
bulk of the settlements in the region are in the G. del Pilar (Ilocos Sur). Other priority
floodplains, zoning laws must be enforced so watersheds are Aringay River Watershed in
that buildings are in low- to medium-risk Aringay, Tubao, and Pugo (La Union), Bued
areas only and not in the high-risk areas or in River Watershed covering Pozorrubio and
the SAFDZs. Well-managed human Sison (Pangasinan), and Nayom River
habitation will minimize denuding the Watershed in Infanta (Pangasinan). In
agricultural lands and the remaining forests addition to deep well prohibition, restrictions
of the region (See also Chapter 16). on extractive industries in the remaining
forestlands must be put in place as well. The
Prioritize key river systems in the greening Protected Area Management Boards
programs. The Enhanced Greening Program (PAMBs) shall exercise prudence in
shall focus on planting endemic flora in the managing watersheds that are currently part
estuaries and riverbanks of Laoag River and of Protected Areas.
the Laoag-Vintar-Bolo Rivers Watershed in
Adams, Dingras, Laoag City, San Nicolas, Legislate new Protected Areas. The Aringay
Sarrat, Solsona and Vintar (Ilocos Norte), River Watershed (La Union) and Bued River
Abra River in Bantay, Cauayan, Santa and and Nayom River Watersheds (Pangasinan)
Vigan City (Ilocos Sur), and Amburayan are to be incorporated in the NIPAS. Due to
River in Tagudin (Ilocos Sur) and Bangar and the water stress faced by the region,
Sudipen (La Union). Further, the program legislation and protection of these watersheds
must also include Naguilian River in is vital within the planning period (See also
Naguilian and Bauang (La Union) the large Chapter 16).
Agno River Basin in Western and Central
Erect flood control infrastructure
Pangasinan especially in Tayug, Santa Maria,
Santo Tomas and Rosales (See also Chapter especially in the Centers and in the
16). settlement and production zones. Identified
priority areas for flood control are the Laoag,
Prohibit additional deep wells in the Amburayan and Agno floodplains, Abra
watersheds and urgently reforest them. River estuary and San Ildefonso-Cauayan
This strategy must be implemented in the Seawall, and the Sinocalan, Pantal, and
critical watersheds of Cabugao River Ingalera rivers in Dagupan City.

48
Figure 2.11. Protection Thematic Framework Map of Region 1

49
1 National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office-1 (NEDA RO-1). (2021). Region 1 Spatial Strategy.
https://ilocos.neda.gov.ph/region-1-spatial-strategy/.
2 NEDA RO-1. (2022). Policy Brief on Financing Needs of Schoolless Barangays in Region 1.
3 Data from https://www.foi.gov.ph/requests/aglzfmVmb2ktcGhyHQsSB0NvbnRlbnQiEE5UQy0xMTQ5OTA0OTcwOTgM
4 NEDA. (2021). Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan. https://neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/120921_PWSSMP_Main-
Report.pdf
5 Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council-1 (RDRRMC-1). (2022). Ilocos Region Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan for 7.0
Magnitude Abra Earthquake (2022).
6 Ibid.
7 Department of Agriculture. (2021). National Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization and Industrialization Plan (NAFMIP) 2021-2030.
https://bar.gov.ph/downloadables/06232022_NAFMIP%202021-2030.pdf.
8 Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones or SAFDZs are agricultural production areas that are protected from conversion into
residential or other uses that are identified for “…production, agro-processing and marketing activities to help develop and modernize, either
the support of government, the agriculture and fisheries sectors in an environmentally and socio-cultural sound manner….” (Section 4, RA
8435).
9 Ibid.
10 National Meat Inspection Service. (2022). List of Licensed Cold Storage Warehouses.
https://nmis.gov.ph/images/pdf/accredited_list/2022/aug/csw_081822.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3wVxyeTSf-m-RTvrltHnSbIm-
FhvUk4w92fWNPtr1i_UD0gGH5J8i1HW0; Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. (2022). List of Accredited Cold Storage Warehouse.
https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/LIST-OF-ACCREDITED-COLD-STORAGE-WAREHOUSE-1-1-1.pdf.
11 National Irrigation Authority-Regional Office 1. (2021). Status of Operation.
https://region1.nia.gov.ph/sites/r1/files/Status%20of%20Operation.pdf.
12 This portion is an updated summary of the Region 1 Spatial Strategy.
13 Definitions from the CLUP Guidebook accessed through https://dhsud.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/Publication/Guidebooks/HLURB_CLUP_Vol_3.pdf. Other land use zones are in the said document as well.

50
03
RDP2023-
2028
St
rat
egyFramewor
k
CHAPTER 3
RDP 2023-2028 Strategy

Framework
The RDP 2023-2023 is the second medium-term plan anchored on the LTV of a “matatag, maginhawa,
at panatag na buhay” for all Filipinos. Aligned with the PDP 2023-2023, the RDP is the region’s roadmap
to translate the vision, the President’s 8-point agenda, and the 2023 Agenda for Sustainable
Development into concrete and actionable strategies, policies, programs, projects and activities that
will enable the region to achieve its desired outcomes for the next six years. The RDP Strategy
Framework is consistent with the PDP Strategy Framework and contains headline indicators with
annual targets based on the assessments in Chapters 1 and 2.
The Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2023-2028

The RDP 2023–2028 of Region 1 is based on elements of the region’s vision as discussed
President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.’s 8-point earlier- REsilient, All-inclusive, Competitive,
socioeconomic agenda of transforming the and Healthy. To attain these, “sinnaranay” or
economic and social sectors for a prosperous, bayanihan or whole-of-nation approach is
inclusive, and resilient economy. This essential. This transformation is in line with
transformation is in line with the SDGs and the SDGs and other international
other international commitments critical for commitments and critical for achieving the
achieving the country’s LTV. The RDP is also country’s long-term vision.
based on the clamor of the people in Region 1
to revitalize the region and recover from the The strategies and desired outcomes are
scarring due to the COVID-19 pandemic and consistent with the principles of good
become resilient from disasters in the end of governance: (i) rule of law and fairness; (ii)
having happy and prosperous lives. This inclusiveness and non-discrimination; (iii)
means that the region should be competitive participation, openness, and transparency; (iv)
and have sustained equitable opportunities, performance orientation and accountability;
strategic investments, and ingenious (v) leadership and stewardship; (vi) ethics and
innovations to give due emphasis to the probity; and (vii) service orientation and
people’s wish to have opportunities for responsiveness. The RDP also adheres to the
personal and financial growth that benefit all government’s commitment to promote human
without compromising the environment. rights and equal access to services for all,
Encapsulating this vision is the region’s particularly among the most vulnerable
Vision tagline for 2023 to 2028, that is sectors.
REACH Region 1. REACH stands for the key
Chapter 3: RDP 2023-2028 Strategy Framework

55
In addition, sectoral strategies consider the to climate change, and the appropriate
policy on devolution contained in Executive adaptation and mitigation strategies are
Order 138, s. 2021. Furthermore, issues and identified in each chapter.
concerns relating to gender and development
(GAD) are mainstreamed and integrated into These vision, goals, and principles shall be
the RDP using the GAD Checklist. The RDP embodied in an encompassing strategy
likewise integrate policies and strategies for framework. The strategy framework shall
promoting Philippine culture and values interconnect the efforts of various sectors and
including sinnaranay or bayanihan and stakeholders to their respective desired
volunteerism, reaching the demographic sectoral and institutional outcomes. These
dividend, protecting the rights and welfare of goals shall then be connected to the larger
overseas Filipinos, and accelerating climate- regional and national outcomes. In turn,
resilient and low-carbon development. these outcomes contribute to the what has
Further, sectoral impacts and vulnerabilities been envisioned.
The RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 Strategy

Framework
environment encompassing institutions,
Consistent with the PDP 2023-2028, the
physical and natural environment, which
overarching regional goal of the RDP 2023–
promotes a prosperous, inclusive and resilient
2028 is to make the region resilient, all-
society. Alongside, attainment of these
inclusive, competitive, and healthy. The
national goals are part and parcel of the
strategies are organized corresponding to the
regional vision of resiliency from risks,
following objectives: (a) develop and protect
inclusiveness, and competitiveness.
capabilities of individuals and families; (b)
Appropriate chapter and sub-chapter
transform production sectors to generate more
outcomes in the PDP were lifted directly to the
quality jobs and produce competitive
RDP 2023-2028 to ensure cohesion of the
products; and (c) foster an enabling
regional plan to the national mandate.

56
Figure 3.1. RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 Strategy Framework
Promote Human Capital and Social Development (Chapter 4)

can make healthy choices. Attention
● Boost Health (Sub-chapter 4.1)
to women and their children
This sub-chapter is focused on especially on ante-, and post-natal
integrating the prevention, care are incorporated herein.
monitoring, and treatment of
● Improve Education and Lifelong
emerging and re-emerging
Learning (Sub-chapter 4.2)
infectious diseases including
COVID-19, and of modern lifestyle This sub-chapter focuses on basic,
diseases including cancer, stroke, tertiary, and technical-vocational
high blood pressure and diabetes. It (TVET) education. The quality of
was noted that the cases of cancer in education at all levels will be
the region increased. Health care improved by expanding access to
strategies are focused on building an quality learning resources, enhancing
ecosystem in communities for health the curriculum, and improving the
care providers coupled with well- competencies of teachers. The HEIs
equipped health infrastructure, and will be strengthened to perform a
an environment where individuals greater role in knowledge co-

57
creation, and serve as innovation Simultaneously, there will be
hubs and incubation centers programs to upgrade the conditions
especially the State Universities and in communities where these are
Colleges (SUCs). found to be inadequate especially on
waste management and stricter
● Establish Livable Communities
implementation of zoning laws. The
(Sub-chapter 4.3)
region must ensure that there is an
For communities still to be affordable and sturdy home for
established, access to development
every family in a community where
opportunities will be facilitated
the nature and civic values are
intentionally in consonance with
enriched.
Region 1 Spatial Strategy.
Increase Income-Earning Ability (Chapter 5)

● Expand Training and Skills to match the needs of emerging in-
Development (Sub-chapter 5.1) demand occupations. All must be
made in close coordination with the
Quality work with quality pay
private sector.
towards prosperity is one of the top
priorities of the region. Part of this is ● Intensify Employment Facilitation
not only reinvigorating job creation (Sub-chapter 5.2)
to absorb the labor force but also Employment facilitation services
upskilling the populace. The will be enhanced to include making
availability of quality work and career development information
capacitated people will improve networks and services are accessible
income-earning ability and allow for and available even to the
the mitigation of socioeconomic peripheries. This sub-chapter also
risks, allowing the region to harness contains strategies towards safe,
the fruit of productivity. To this end, orderly, and regular migration,
Technical- Vocational Education and together with ways to care for
Training (TVET) will be Overseas Filipinos and their families.
continuously conducted and updated

58
Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power
(Chapter 6)
like supplemental feeding, nutrition
● Ensure Food Security and Proper
education, and nutrition promotion
Nutrition (Sub-chapter 6.1)
programs to prevent and address
The rapid increases in the cost of wasting, stunting, and obesity.
basic goods, particularly food, have
● Strengthen Social Protection (Sub-
an impact on the ability of individuals
chapter 6.2)
in the region to make purchases as
evidenced by a 4.80 percent food This sub-chapter has the regional
inflation rate by 2021. So, one strategies that focus on
strategy for lowering family strengthening the implementation
vulnerability and building a of and supplement to the national
resilient, inclusive, and affluent government’s social protection
region is to ensure food security as policies. Moreover, it was noted that
contained in this chapter. The main in protecting the purchasing power of
way to guarantee a sufficient and Filipinos, catastrophic health
consistent supply of food is to expenditures will be reduced. Hence,
increase the efficiency of the this sub-chapter also puts into
agricultural systems, which includes spotlight the social health insurance
logistics, storage, and transportation. system.
Moreover, this chapter details actions
Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness (Chapter 7)

The agriculture, fishing, and forestry (AFF) agribusiness and agricultural sector will make
sector provides the relevant inputs that are it easier for locals to live better lives. The use
harnessed to produce goods that benefit the of more advanced technologies, access to
people of the region. The region’s AFF has inputs, and farm clustering or consolidation
generated a positive growth rate of 2.00 will primarily boost production efficiency.
percent and key in ensuring food security There will be an increase in innovation
especially on the onslaught on the pandemic centers and farm demonstration locations.
last 2020. The region can maintain its Further, by increasing business
strong performance in the services and collaborations between primary producers
industrial sectors by strengthening the and other entrepreneurs and by including
agriculture and agribusiness industries. more women in the production value chain,
More importantly, innovation in the opportunities for increased value-adding will

59
be generated. Government will also invest in the government in general to do research and
the sector to ensure coordinated production, extension with farmers and fisher folks will
processing, storage, and distribution. be done as well including crop insurance.
Institutional capacity of the academe and of
Revitalize Industry (Chapter 8)

The region's industry sector is the engine of science, technology, and innovation
growth and the key to boost economic ecosystem. This chapter forwards relevant
resilience. Manufacturing and construction strategies to attain a competitively skilled
are the two major economic contributors, workforce, achieve regional industrialization,
and both are essential to enhancing the and enhance the linkages of the region’s
region's competitiveness which are integral in industries. This entails support through the
further advancing the region’s provision of common service facilities and,
competitiveness and capacity to attract marketing and technical assistance of LGUs
investment. Key industry players are mostly and regional offices for the businesses to
MSMEs. At its core, the goal of revitalizing access time-bound performance-based
the regional industry sector intersects with incentives. Further, this chapter emphasizes
the development of the AFF and services green industries and sustainable
sectors and is enabled by changes in the industrialization.
Reinvigorate Services (Chapter 9)

The services sector remains to have the Demand for services will be expanded by
biggest share in the region’s economy, actively promoting the region’s tourism,
making the economic structure in the region trading (retail and wholesale) and logistics,
predominantly service-based. Treated as the and even the business process outsourcing
backbone of the region’s economy, the providers (BPOs). By implementing training
services sector contributes immensely to the programs, enhancing access to and use of
attainment of inclusive and sustainable physical and digital infrastructure, and
socioeconomic development. More than an creating locations where firms may connect,
integral driver of economic growth in the improvements in the services sector will be
region, the services sector is also directly ensured. The goal of value-adding is to
related to people's quality of life. This guarantee that the services industry has both
chapter outlines the strategies to maximize forward and backward linkages. Attention is
the advantage provided by the services sector. also given to the financial intermediaries that
help the economy go smoothly.

60
Advance Research & Development (R&D), Technology, and
Innovation (Chapter 10)
The innovation ecosystem involves academe to lead the production of research
interlinkages between and among science and protection of intellectual property.
and research personnel, basic R&D Sustaining existing spaces for interaction of
institutions, and entrepreneurs who bring government, academe, and businesses is
ideas into fruition together in the service of essential as well. The existing Regional
the public. Over the medium term, the Research and Development and Innovation
government will provide funding and Committee of the RDC-1 is the hub of
incentives to R&D institutions, and the collaboration for the region.
Promote Trade and Investments (Chapter 11)

Investment Promotion Group of RDC-1
Renewed focus will be given to the survival,
must also help ensure proper alignment of
growth, and expansion of local firms in the
promotion strategies and various ordinances
export and domestic markets in order to
among local governments with respect to
drive productive employment, and increase
national laws and investment promotion
incomes especially of the MSMEs. The
agencies.
appropriate regional bodies to be led by the
Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial

Management (Chapter 12)
Promoting financial inclusion and improving must be coupled with fiscal prudence,
public financial management provides strategies on improving LGU revenue
extensive and enduring benefits. This chapter generation, budgeting processes, and
has the strategies to strengthen financial expenditure management, and improving
inclusion, such as expanding access to the financial management of regional line
financial systems and promoting financial agencies are also provided.
literacy. Moreover, as monetary development
Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure (Chapter 13)

Investments in the appropriate infrastructure access to various areas of the region, and will
can help reduce the cost of travel and power, help in promoting growth that is more
ensure water security, and lower the cost of inclusive. This chapter has strategies on land,
logistics. Such investments will improve sea, air, energy and digital infrastructure. It is

61
aimed that with these, region will be internet, with more social infrastructure in
connected within, with the rest of the the form of schools, hospitals and health
country, and with the rest of the world centers, waste management facilities,
through a resilient road network, seaports irrigation facilities, and green power
and airports, and through high-quality plants.
Ensure Peace and Security and Enhance Administration of

Justice (Chapter 14)
● Ensure Peace and Security (Sub- • Enhance Administration of Justice
chapter 14.1) (Sub-chapter 14.2)
This subchapter helps in sustaining Efficient justice system
the improved security situation of characterized by integrity, fairness,
the region to ensure the continuity accessibility, and a proper regard
of socioeconomic development for the rule of law is necessary for
activities across Region 1. Security fostering a high-trust society and a
refers not only to insurgency but also favorable business climate.
to keeping crimes against persons and Promotion of indigenous justice
properties at bay. Attention in system through Katarungang
reducing if not eradicating violence Pambarangay and Alternative
against women and their children are Dispute Resolutions (ADRs)
also noted here. whenever appropriate is also lodged
in this sub-chapter coupled with
strengthened protection of the
vulnerable sectors (women, children,
IPs, the poor, and other minorities)
Practice Good Governance and Improve Bureaucratic

Efficiency (Chapter 15)
Good governance entails public monitoring. Such can be seen already in this
accountability and integrity, and the RDP as public consultations were done even
deepening of participatory governance that before this plan was prepared. To make this
ensures that even the marginalized sectors happen, it involves improving the
have roles and influence in public decision- competencies of public servants and
making and even in implementation and increasing the number of public employees

62
serving the people. This chapter also includes of good Filipino values including sinnaranay,
strategies to strengthen the RDC’s role in bayanihan and volunteerism, and to improve
promoting stronger collaboration between regulatory efficiency and competitiveness in
regional line agencies and LGUs, promotion the form of improved bureaucracy.
Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience

(Chapter 16)
This RDP recognizes the need for collective infrastructure that relies on investment in
action to mitigate the climate crisis, and to people and in nature-based solutions.
strengthen institutional resilience to Whenever applicable, hard infrastructure
disasters. The priority is to enhance the investments need to be made. This chapter
adaptive capacity of communities and also provides strategies to steer the entire
ecosystems that are most vulnerable to region to a greener future especially in
natural hazards and climate change. The investments in green energy as the region is a
priority intervention strategy shall be “soft” net energy exporter of the nation.
We commit to the following target outcomes over

the medium term…
In the next six years, the development agenda Philippines back on track toward achieving
of Region 1 will be guided by the headline upper middle-income country status by 2025.
targets that prioritize poverty reduction and
Attain an annual GRDP growth rate
inclusive growth. While navigating external
between 5.50 to 7.50 percent for 2023 to
challenges, the region will recover from the
2028. Sustained high levels of growth is a
pandemic and invest in improving areas
necessary condition for meeting the
where flaws were apparent in the pandemic
Ambisyon Natin 2040. Increased economic
response- health service and learning
production is part of the sinnaranay of
delivery, logistics, environmental protection
Region 1 to the nation’s goals of becoming a
and solid waste management, digitalization
predominantly middle-class society.
of government services, and mainstreaming
resiliency in government agencies and in Generate more and better-quality jobs
communities. Ultimately, the region will towards the prosperity of all. Although
achieve its vision of being a resilient, unemployment is nearing pre-pandemic
inclusive, and competitive region and levels in 2021 at 6.52 percent, there is much
contribute to the country’s goal of getting the room to improve especially towards ensuring

63
job stability as measured by number of as a result of economic growth that generates
individuals receiving wages and salaries from more and better-quality jobs, and is
private enterprises. By 2028, the target supported by an efficient social protection
unemployment rate is between 4.70 to 6.20 system and responsive social services.
percent, to account for frictional
Every necessary effort shall be made to have
unemployment and for the possible
affordable food for all. While the trend on
employee fatigue and uncertainty of
food prices are to increase, improvements in
employers to fully reopen as COVID-19
supply and demand side of food commodities
remains active. It also aimed that the
must be made to put an end to price hikes and
percentage of wage and salary workers in
a food inflation rate within 2.00 to 4.00
private establishments to total employed is
percent be achieved. Interventions include
within 43 to 48 percent.
improvement of logistics including cold
Reduce poverty incidence among the storage facilities, development of urban and
population by at least 7.30 percentage backyard gardens, and development of local
points to have no more than 12 percent industry to provide cheaper agricultural
poverty incidence by 2028. This is expected inputs.
Table 3.1. Results Matrix: Key Outcome Indicators

BASELINE ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS END-OF- MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
INDICATORS
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 PLAN VERIFICATION AGENCY
GRDP Growth Rate 4.60 (2021) 5.50- 6.00-7.50 7.00-7.50
PSA GRDP EDSECOM
6.50
Unemployment Rate 6.52 (2021) 4.70 - 6.20 4.70-6.20 PSA LFS EDSECOM
Percentage of Wage 42.98 43.00-48.00 48.00
and Salaried Workers in (2021]
PSA LFS EDSECOM
Private Establishments
to Total Employment
Poverty Incidence 14.40 12.00 10.30 8.80 7.30 7.30
PSA RDC
among Population (2021)
Headline Inflation Rate 4.00 (2021) 2.00-4.00 2.00-
PSA RDC
4.00
Food Inflation Rate 4.80 (2021) 2.00-4.00 2.00-
PSA EDSECOM
4.00
…by sinnaranay.
The desired transformation requires a strong regional, and local levels. Through
commitment and concerted action across all sinnaranay, an Ilocano word for bayanihan
sectors. By design, the outcomes in each or whole-of-society approach, the country
chapter of the RDP are aligned with the PDP and the region can recover from the impacts
to ensure cohesion of actions at the national, of the pandemic, establish stability, and

64
hasten the attainment of the SDGs and the RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 represents the
LTV. The sinnaranay fabric is weaved across voice of the people in the region and was
all the chapters of the RDP. made in line with the sinnaranay or whole-
of-society approach. For one, the RDC-1,
Each chapter of the RDP 2023-2028 of
through RDC-1 Resolution No. 60 (s. 2022),
Region 1 is organized into four sections. The
has authorized the conduct of Small Group
first section, Assessment and Challenges, Visioning Workshops (SGVW), Self-
discusses the most recent data showing Administered Visioning Exercise (SAVE)
progress in the sector together with dubbed as Pulso ng Rehiyon Uno, and the
constraints or weaknesses faced by Creation of Technical Planning Committees
stakeholders. The second section illustrates (TPCs) per RDC-1 Sectoral Committees.
and discusses the Strategy Framework, which
Through the SGVW, SAVE, and the TPC
frames the discussion of the Strategies in the meetings conducted by NEDA RO-1, the
third section. The chapter ends with the inputs and commitments of various
priority Legislative Agenda of national and stakeholders were gathered in a spirit of
local scope. A snapshot of the chapter’s honesty and openness even before the actual
Results Matrix is also provided. The complete commencement of the drafting of the plan.
RDP Result Matrix and the Regional This was also reviewed by the NEDA Central
Development Investment Program are the Office, subcommittees of the RDC-1, and of
companion documents of this RDP. the general public, before being finalized and
approved by the RDC-1.
Strategies were formulated to ensure that the

65
PARTI
I
Devel
op
andProtect
Capabil
iti
es
ofI
ndividuals
andFami li
es
04
Promot
eHumanCapi tal
andSocialDevel
opment
CHAPTER 4
Promote Human Capital and

Social Development
Sub-Chapter 4.1 Boost Health
The health and nutrition status of children 2021 infant mortality rate at 8.34 and 10.11,
improved as the incidence of stunting and respectively.
underweight children decreased. However,
an increase in mortality of mothers and Meanwhile, from the 7.85 percent mortality
infants, as well as those attributable to index rate of children under five years old in 2017,
diseases, was observed in the last five years. an upward trajectory was observed during
To sustain and improve the health and the last five years. In 2021, the region already
nutrition of all people in Region 1, the recorded a 23.89 percent mortality rate. Like
implementation of RA 11148, focusing on the the trend in infant mortality, more than half
First 1000 (F1K) days of life of infants and of the recorded under-five deaths were male
vaccination roll-out, was intensified. children. The increase was attributed to the
Likewise, the implementation and coverage limited access to healthcare, especially during
of Universal Health Care (UHC), particularly the pandemic where movements were
among the poor, the disadvantaged, and the restricted. All the provinces followed the
senior citizens, both men and women, was same trend. La Union was the highest
enhanced and expanded. compared to the other provinces, from 15.33
in 2017 to 25.86 percent mortality rate in
The mortality rates of infants, children 2021. Meanwhile, Ilocos Norte had the lowest
under five years old, and mothers escalated. under-five mortality rate, with 6.49 percent
The incidence of deaths among infants in 2021.
steadily increased from 4.70 mortality rate in
With regard to the maternal mortality rate
2017 to 15.69 in 2021. Of the number of
per 100,000 live births in Region 1, an
recorded deaths, more than 50 percent were
increase of 30.22 percentage points from
male infants. By the end of 2021, La Union
58.05 percent in 2017 to 88.27 in 2021. The
recorded the highest infant mortality among
maternal deaths were attributed to high-risk
the provinces at 19.68, while Ilocos Norte had
pregnancies and poor access to health
the lowest incidence of infant deaths at 6.46.
facilities brought about by remoteness and
Ilocos Sur and Pangasinan recorded their
Chapter 4: Promote Human Capital and Social Development

71
the restrictions in mobility due to the generally controlled as the incidence of 0.08
pandemic. percent per 1,000 population recorded in
2017 reached zero cases in 2021. Likewise, the
Except for hypertension, mortality rates on incidence of tuberculosis decreased from
other index diseases increased. Cases of 305.82 per 100,000 population in 2017 to
mortalities attributed to ischemic heart 280.56 in 2021.
diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, all types of
neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia, The ratio of human resources for health to
and chronic respiratory diseases increased population improved. For the last five years,
from 2017 to 2021. Meanwhile, the mortality more healthcare workers served the region’s
rate due to hypertension declined from 39.16 population. The most notable improvement
in 2017 to 28.34 in 2021. Hypertension- was the nurse-to-population ratio from
related deaths even reached as low as 4.96 1:12,900 in 2017 to 1:5,830 in 2021. Likewise,
percent in 2021. Hence, the region shall the ratio of midwives to population improved
endeavor to make the medicines combating from 1:4,910 in 2017 to 1:4,502 in 2021.
these diseases more affordable and available, Meanwhile, for the physician-to-population
especially chronic diseases like hypertension ratio, there were 30,423 people attended by
and diabetes that are long-term in nature. one physician in 2017, but this improved in
Moreover, these diseases have a lifestyle 2021, with 26,045 people for every physician,
dimension and the promotion of a healthy still beyond the standard ratio of physician-
and active lifestyle, safe workspaces, smoking to-population at 1: 25,000. In addition, the
ban, and reducing alcohol consumption will region is still challenged in meeting the
help reduce attributable diseases. desired number of dieticians, dentists, and
rural sanitary inspectors. Hence, more
Cases of newly diagnosed Human human resources for health are needed in the
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cases region and a Level III teaching hospital
generally increased. From the 252 cases attached to a College of Medicine is needed.
recorded in 2017, the number of newly
diagnosed HIV cases increased to 341 in The need for more pharmacists is emerging
2021. Most cases in 2021 were males, in anticipation of risks of antimicrobial
comprising 95 percent of the total. The resistance that may emerge in the usage of
incidence of male-to-male relationships antibiotics at times of pandemics. Specialists
contributed to the increase in cases. in pre- and ante-natal health (Obstetrician-
Gynecologists) and cancer (oncologists) are
Malaria incidence was contained, and required in light of the health issues
tuberculosis incidence improved. The discussed. The reach of health professionals
occurrence of malaria in the region was shall be expanded by telemedicine as well.

72
Supplementing these health professionals are All the provinces recorded an increase in the
the health providers at the grassroots like the proportion of FIC. In 2021, Ilocos Sur had the
Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) whose highest percentage of immunized children,
competencies shall be upgraded for them to with 90.30 percent, an increase of 16.83
be able to respond to local and percentage points from the 73.47 percent
uncomplicated health needs without performance in 2017. Meanwhile,
resorting to going to health centers or Pangasinan, Ilocos Norte, and La Union
hospitals to allow these curative facilities recorded number of FIC in 2021 at 77.71,
focus on more ill patients. 77.36, and 73.47 percent, respectively.
Despite the positive performance, the region
More women of reproductive age used still fell short of its target to reach 95.00
modern contraceptive methods. For the percent by 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic
past three years, the proportion of women highlighted the importance of vaccination,
between 15 to 49 years old in the region using which may have contributed to the higher
modern contraceptive methods increased. acceptance of the parents to have their
From 35.17 percent in 2019, it increased to children immunized. A fully immunized
36.14 in 2021. Efforts to increase the use of child is an infant who received one dose of
modern contraceptives as birth control Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), three doses
methods through continuous augmentation each of oral polio vaccine (OPV), diphtheria,
of family planning commodities to LGUs and tetanus and pertussis (DPT), and Hepatitis B
provision of technical assistance to address vaccines, and two doses of measles -mumps-
gaps in family planning services contributed rubella (MMR) by 12 months of age.
to this performance. Nevertheless, advocacy
activities for the use of modern contraceptive Health inflation in the region remained
methods shall be boosted to further increase within target. Region 1’s health inflation
the 36.14 percent accomplishment in 2021 increased by 1.50 percentage points from 2.00
and get back to the performance that the in 2019 to 3.50 in 2021 which is within the
region recorded in 2018, with 71.71 percent government’s target of 2-4 percent. Among
of reproductive-age women using modern the provinces, Ilocos Sur had the highest
contraceptive methods. health inflation by the end of 2021 at 6.10
percent. It was also the only province that
More children were immunized. Despite the surpassed the 2-4 percent target. In a span of
challenges in accessing healthcare facilities, three years, Ilocos Sur also had the fastest
especially during the pandemic, more acceleration in prices, from 0.50 in 2019 to
children were immunized as the percentage 6.10 by the end of 2021. On the other hand,
of fully immunized children (FIC) increased Ilocos Norte had the lowest health inflation
from 68.11 in 2017 to 77.36 percent in 2021. rate at 2.40 percent in 2021. In addition to the

73
provision of more human resources for when most of government spending focused
health, the region will keep its health inflation on combating the challenges brought by the
stable by facilitating access of people to COVID-19 pandemic. On the average, this
affordable medicines and promoting herbal translates to around PHP 8,207.00 spent by
or plant-based medicines for simple illnesses every Filipino in Region 1 for health-related
already verified by the scientific community. goods and services in 2021, which was
slightly higher by 0.2 percent compared to the
Meanwhile, the region’s health expenditure per capita health spending of PHP 8,189.00 in
continued to increase. In 2017, Region 1 2020 when the pandemic started. Moreover,
spent around PHP 26.5 billion, and it the region’s health expenditure from 2017 to
continued to grow up to PHP 43.5 billion in 2021 was, on average, equivalent to 4.0
2021, or 64.15 percent increase within five percent of the total health expenditure for the
years. The increment was mainly attributed country.
to the spike in health expenditures in 2020
Strategy Framework
Figure 4.1. Strategy Framework to Enable Healthy Choices and Behavior

74
Strategies
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Health boosted
Creating opportunities for human capital which in turn creates greater income. This
development is an efficient way to keep up sub-chapter focuses on how Region 1 shall
with economic and social transformation improve the factors that influence health, as
anchored on sinnaranay or prioritizing the well as access, quality, and efficiency of
vulnerable including the children and medical services. Furthermore, it outlines
mothers, the elderly, IPs and Persons with potential national and regional legislative
Disabilities (PWDs). Health is a necessary agenda that will be applied to reinforce the
element of human capital growth since it health system.
enhances the capability for efficient work,
Outcome 1: Social determinants of health improved

Ensure that communities, provided in the National Policy Framework
workplaces, and schools support on the Promotion and Recognition of
physical, mental, and social well- Healthy Communities or the DOH-DILG
being for all towards a whole-of- Joint Administrative Order (JAO) No. 2021-
government, whole-of-society 003 are followed. According to this JAO, a
approach to health healthy community provides a health-
promoting environment and responsive local
Health policies and programs are shaped in health system. The LGUs shall ensure that
these two angles: whole-of-government
their programs and projects provide healthy
(WoG) and whole-of society (WoS)
living conditions and thus, are important to
approaches. In WoG, the public sector
strengthen the local health system to be able
cooperates to create integrated policies and
to respond to their health needs.
programs while, WoS approach requires the
private sector, the CSOs and members of the In the communities, the BHWs are at the
society to work together with the LGUs and forefront especially on women and children’s
government agencies in order to comply with health. Also, the National Immunization
the principles and values of the society. On Program implementation particularly in the
how to implement the policies and programs Independent Component City of Dagupan
to health relies upon the engagement of the and in the provinces of Ilocos Norte, La
LGUs, government agencies and members of Union and Pangasinan to ensure the
the community. In addition, the LGUs play a attainment of health outcomes will be
vital role in ensuring that the principles continued with the BHWs doing the

75
necessary promotion and monitoring (see early detection of cancer and programs that
also Chapter 6.1) promote healthy lifestyle. These programs
shall support the implementation strategies
In the workplaces, the private sector, CSOs in the Health Promotion Framework Strategy
and NGOs shall offer technical help and 2020. 1
voluntary medical assistance to achieve better
health outcomes towards sinnaranay. They Vaccinations at the community level shield
shall also comply with rules on Occupational both those who are vaccinated and those
Safety and Health (OSH) together with the around them who may be vulnerable to
public agencies. Private businesses in disease, limiting the likelihood of
hazardous industries like mining, contamination among family members,
construction, and manufacturing should classmates, co-workers, and neighbors. The
enroll in ISO 45001 which is an international LGUs and the DOH should encourage
standard of OSH on top of the OSH everyone in the community to foster their
mandated by local laws. trust in the vaccination campaign by being
informed about it. The more individuals who
The LGUs shall formulate policies and get vaccinated, the less likely it is for a disease
programs that promote healthy settings such to spread. Keeping up high vaccination rates
as the localized version of the Mental Health protects everyone, especially the most
Act, programs that integrate prevention and vulnerable population.
Outcome 2: Healthy choices and behavior enabled

Increase health literacy translate IECs into the local language as well,
and even make IECs targeted to the IPs and
To make well-informed decisions about to visually-impaired PWDs. On one hand,
health care, it is important to have access to DepEd-1 will sustain healthy habits in
accurate health information. These shall be schools like handwashing, social distancing,
through the programs of the DOH, DepEd, and other infection control measures, with
PopCom, NNC and the LGUs. The DOH LGUs providing necessary infrastructure like
CHD-1 will continue its Smoking Cessation washrooms. Healthy eating and physical
Program to provide an enabling environment activity in schools through partnerships of
to help the current tobacco users quit, protect DepEd-1 and NNC-1 shall be encouraged to
other people from secondhand smoke and lower the occurrences of obesity among
prevent young people from taking up the children and the mortality rates associated
habit 2. The Social Behavior Change with lifestyle diseases such as diabetes
Communication Program of DOH will mellitus and heart disease. Also, the

76
promotion and behavior change barangay-to-barangay campaigns. The DOH
interventions for identified overweight and CHD-1 and PIA-1, alongside other
obese children under five years old shall be government agencies, LGUs, NGOs, and
intensified which is also in consonance with professional and academic organizations will
Region 1’s Regional Plan of Action for develop information materials 4 to promote
Nutrition (RPAN) for 2023-2028. 3 the availability, benefits, and nature of
Furthermore, PopCom-1 will provide more immunizations for infants and children,
information about different forms of especially in Ilocos Norte, La Union, and
contraception and reproductive health, to Pangasinan to achieve the 95 percent for fully
help prevent teenage and unwanted immunized children.
pregnancies. This promotion will be coupled
with technical assistance and partnerships To mitigate instances where diseases
with LGUs. progressed because of the peoples’ hesitance
to go to doctors due to lack of money,
Promote appropriate health- PhilHealth will encourage people to avail of
seeking behavior healthcare with their social insurance policies
via tri-media. The Regional Social
Health behavior covers activities undertaken Development Committee (RSDC) of the
to maintain good health and prevent RDC-1 will ensure the implementation of the
illnesses. DOH CHD-1 and LGU hospitals PhilHealth’s Konsulta Program to improve
will promote other services to their the health-seeking behavior of the people in
catchment areas through the quad-media and Ilocos Region.
Outcome 3: Access, quality, and efficiency of healthcare

improved
Harness complementary private residents shall be explored. The PhilHealth
sector partnerships for healthcare and the LGUs will also encourage all
access and delivery outpatient departments of PhilHealth-
accredited private hospitals to apply for
The government will facilitate public-private KonSulTa accreditation which can provide
partnerships (PPP) for the improvement of KonSulta Package for more accessible and
healthcare delivery and services. This is also quality laboratory and diagnostic
crucial for the realization and success of the examinations. In addition, the LGUs should
UHC Law. A memorandum of be flexible in their regulations, able to switch
understanding (MOU) between LGUs and and adjust to the new mechanisms and
private hospitals to secure discounts for poor business ideas of the private sector that

77
support the implementation of the UHC Law. devices. For a faster and more efficient
Moreover, the DOH and the LGUs will retain reporting system, Philhealth KonSulta
the operation of Botika ng Barangay (BnB) providers will utilize the Electronic Konsulta
which will be done with local entrepreneurs (eKonsulta) web-based application for
to provide citizens’ access to low-cost encoding information of KonSulTa
medication. beneficiaries including their diagnosis,
diagnostic and laboratory test results, and
Establish integrated, innovative, their prescribed medicines, thereby making
and quality healthcare delivery KonSulta packages more financially viable
systems for private providers.
The government will focus on building an Moreover, the DOH-CHD1 and the LGUs
effective and efficient healthcare system that will retain the operation of BnB which
provides better quality and accessible provide citizens’ access to low-cost
healthcare services. At the forefront shall be medication, and herbal medicine gardens
the community-based primary healthcare shall be established in every barangay to
facility. Hence, each LGUs will have a provide cheaper and more accessible
functional Rural Health Unit/Health Center medicinal alternatives. The DOH-CHD1
(RHU/HC) staffed by a full-time physician. should assist the LGUs in identifying and
This will have a duly established referral setting up the BnB outlets.
network. The RHU/HC will be supplemented
by a functional local emergency medical Secure sustainable and equitably
system with a 24/7 free emergency distributed health infrastructure
ambulance service. LGUs shall endeavor to and human resources
keep charges for non-emergency ambulance
use as affordable as possible. As the LGUs are The Executive Order (EO) 138, s. 2021
the ones operationalizing the primary care granted the LGUs full authority over certain
network, their respective RHU/HC will cater functions under the DOH. 5 This mandate
to care of major causes of mortality in the allowed the LGUs the opportunity to
region requiring lifelong care including improve its human resources for health
hypertension and diabetes. These local health (HRH) by hiring more healthcare personnel
institutions will also serve as the foundation and updating their healthcare facilities.
of community-based initiatives to provide Efforts will be exerted by these LGUs so that
mental healthcare services. Also, these health they have one full-time physician for every
offices will work with the PWDs to provide 20,000 population. The existing La Union
for long-term assistance in rehabilitation and Medical Center shall be upgraded to cater to
therapy and in the provision of assistive the College of Medicine in Agoo. Since the
BHWs act as the healthcare frontliners, the

78
LGUs with DILG-1, DOH CHD-1 and Level 1 public hospitals in Bangui (Ilocos
TESDA-1 will iron out mechanisms to train Norte), Tagudin (Ilocos Sur), Naguilian (La
all BHWs in the region with NC-2 standards Union), and Alaminos City, Pozorrubio, and
of barangay health servicing. Through Dasol (Pangasinan) towards Level 2 under
equipped BHWs, local health concerns shall DOH standard (See Chapter 2). These new
be addressed even at the barangay level. This Level 2 and Level 3 hospitals will deal with the
will decongest health offices and the major causes of mortality in the region that
hospitals. require advanced levels of care including
cancer, cardiovascular infarction, stroke, and
Taking into consideration the operations of other infections.
BnB, the LGUs should improve their HRH by
hiring more pharmacists to complement the Moreover, Super Health Centers (SHCs) will
requirement in establishing BnBs. In be in Geographically Isolated and
addition, the DOH and the LGUs should also Disadvantaged Areas (GIDAs) in the region
hire more nutritionists in improving the under the Health Facilities Enhancement
HRH in the region considering the increasing Program (HFEP) of DOH. Subject to
incidence of overweight children and unmet validation, the towns of Adams, Carasi and
regional targets in terms of stunting and Nueva Era (Ilocos Norte) G. del Pilar,
wasting among children. The hiring of more Nagbukel, Quirino, San Emilio, and Sugpon
doctors shall focus in the provinces of Ilocos (Ilocos Sur), Bagulin, San Gabriel, and Santol,
Norte and Ilocos Sur to improve the doctor (La Union), and Aguilar, Anda, Natividad,
to population ratio that will hopefully lessen and Infanta (Pangasinan) will have SHCs to
the high mortality rates among children and supplement existing health facilities. The
adults in the said provinces. design of these SHCs and hospitals will
comply with the Accessibility Law for PWDs,
On health infrastructure especially those and will be sensitive to the needs and culture
funded by national taxes, the DOH-CHD-1 of IPs (See Chapters 2 and 13).
shall work to have at least one Level 3 hospital
in every province including the continuous Furthermore, the DOH shall create a branch
upgrading of Ilocos Sur Medical Center in of their specialty hospitals such as the
Candon (Ilocos Sur) and Conrado Estrella Philippine Heart Center, National Kidney
Regional Medical and Trauma Center and Transplant Institute, and Lung Center of
(Pangasinan) in addition to the proposed the Philippines, as well as other specialty
base hospital of the College of Medicine in hospitals in Northern Luzon. These are in the
Agoo. The Regional Land Use Committee of form of new hospitals or lodged to existing
the RDC-1 together with RSDC-1 will ask ones. The establishments of these specialty
provincial LGUs to also upgrade existing hospitals will be vital in addressing the

79
increasing mortality rates not only for and policies to have affordable access to
infants, children and mothers but also for health goods and services, improvement in
major lifestyle and infectious diseases. the health of the population, and
Additionally, with the rise of telehealth or improvement in the quality and efficiency of
telemedicine since the start of the pandemic, health services. LGUs should coordinate with
the DOH CHD-1 will promote the DOH- other LGUs in their procurement of health
DILG-PhilHealth Joint Administrative supplies to achieve economies of scale to
Order No. 2021-0001 or the guidelines for reduce the prices of health services and
telehealth or telemedicine services. The medical supplies including the assistive
LGUs with DOST will maximize the RxBox devices of PWDs. The LGUs can purchase
in providing telemedicine. medicines at a lower cost through the use of
Parallel Drug Importation (PDI). This would
Promote strategic purchasing for help the LGUs meet the demand for essential
quality, efficiency and cost- medicines in the provinces, especially in rural
effectiveness areas.
Strategic purchasing is using the
government’s purchasing functions, tools,
Outcome 4: Health systems strengthened

Develop interoperable health industry and as a dependable health service
information systems system with the local scientific community.
As to the continuous operationalization of
Available and updated health-related data the BnBs established by the LGUs, an
shall be used to provide more efficient ways efficient system for the tracking the
of improving healthcare services and being distribution and supply of medicines should
responsive to the needs of the people. It was also be created.
also shown during the pandemic how the
information systems provided safer, easier, Strengthen health research for
and more efficient basic health services like evidence-informed policy
consultation, counting newly-confirmed
cases of COVID-19, and even contract Meeting the set health-related aims in the
tracing of infected residents. With this, the SDG and achieving other related outcomes
DOH Central Office will facilitate the are more likely to be achieved via well-
establishment of the Philippine Electronic organized health policies and activities. To
Health or the “eHealth System” which aims decide which services and programs should
to regulate and to promote eHealth as an be provided or covered, how to deliver them,
funding arrangements, governance decisions,

80
and how to implement reform, data and Enhance local capacity for health
evidence-based information are required. system leadership, management,
The academe and research institutions will be anticipatory governance, and
tapped to ensure that their research outputs resilience to public health
are used for policy actions in the region (see emergencies
Chapter 10) particularly the Region 1 Health
The ongoing global pandemic has
Research Consortium that has membership
highlighted the need for greater local public
from both public and private institutions in
health facilities and capacities. While the
the region.
government has been investing in the health
Increase national and local sector for years, the pandemic has
government investments for underscored the importance of epidemiology
health and surveillance, disease prevention and
control, and data literacy. Local leaders shall
The increased national tax allocations (NTA) be able to anticipate and address public
provided to the LGUs had given them an health crises and develop strategies to protect
opportunity to invest in and upgrade their the health and safety of their citizens. Having
local healthcare system. Facilities and local surveillance centers is important for the
equipment of district hospitals and other early detection and containment of infectious
local health facilities shall be upgraded and diseases. These centers can provide crucial
modernized. District hospitals shall be data and epidemiological information to aid
upgraded into Level 2 hospitals and all in decision-making and public health
government hospitals should increase their interventions. Additionally, having dedicated
bed capacity at 32 percent in the next five personnel who can conduct surveillance
years, especially the hospitals in Pangasinan. activities, such as collecting and analyzing
LGUs shall sponsor the PhilHealth premium data on the spread of infectious diseases, will
of residents in their localities who are not 4Ps provide invaluable insights for the LGUs. In
recipients or senior citizens, prioritizing the terms of resources, the LGUs should also
casual and job order employees of LGUs and invest to improve the capacity of their local
barangays, the solo parents, basic education health workers who are adequately trained
students, and PWDs. Increased project funds and equipped to respond to public health
under the Health Facilities Enhancement crises. By investing in these areas, LGUs can
Program (HFEP) of the DOH should also build resilient and effective public health
ensure the delivery of health services in the systems, which can help prevent and contain
region. future pandemics.

81
Legislative Agenda
Table 4.1.1. Legislative Agenda to Boost Health
RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Establishing Satellite Proposes to construct, establish, operate and maintain Northern Luzon DOH CHD-1
Specialty Hospitals in branches of the specialty hospitals such as Phil. Heart Center, National
Northern Luzon Kidney and Transplant Institute, Lung Center of the Phil., and other
specialty hospitals.
Establishing the Philippine Aims to regulate and promote eHealth as an industry and as a dependable DOH CHD-1,
Electronic Health or eHealth health service system. DICT North
System Luzon
Cluster
Amending RA 11037 or “The Addresses the biggest problems of the student population by expanding DepEd-1
Masustansyang Pagkain the coverage of the School-Based Feeding Program (SBFP) as mandated
Para sa Batang Pilipino Act” by RA 11037 to include learners from Grades 7 to 12 to ensure that proper
government interventions are in place for the youth in their formative and
adolescent years.
Upgrading the La Union This will address the absence of a high level provider of health care service RSDC-1,
Provincial Hospital from its in the province of La Union to serve as a Base Hospital for the College of RDC-1
Present Level 2 Medicine in Agoo. At the moment, all hospitals of the province are at Level
Classification to be a Level 2 or Level 1 classification.
3 Hospital and
Appropriating Funds
Therefor and for Other
Purposes
Local Mental Health This is the localized version of the Mental Health Act (RA 11036). This LGUs, DOH
Ordinance ordinance will help drum up information campaigns and provision of CHD-1,
services to those in need. Drug addicts and alcoholics shall be targeted as DepEd-1
beneficiaries of this ordinance for them to have access to medicines and
therapy to deal with their lifestyle diseases. Alcoholism and drug addiction
are also forms of mental health diseases. Students who were required to
stay and even take their classes at home, which eventually greatly
affected their mental well-being, can also benefit from this ordinance.
Local Integrated Cancer In line with the RA 11215 (An Act Institutionalizing A National Integrated LGUs, DOH
Prevention Program Cancer Program And Appropriating Funds Therefor), the LGUs shall CHD-1
develop local programs and projects aimed towards prevention of cancer,
early detection, and assistance for those who are with cancer.

82
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Local Vice Control and As most of the causes of death in the region are lifestyle diseases, the LGUs, DOH
Healthy Lifestyle Ordinance LGUs shall develop programs to provide assistance to the smokers and CHD-1
alcoholics in need of therapy, together with restrictions on their
consumption, coupled with programs to promote exercise and healthy
living.
Local Prescription Medicine The LGUs shall institutionalize the procurement and distribution of LGUs, DOH
Access Ordinance prescription medicines to their constituents. This shall be done in a CHD-1
socialized manner where indigent families receive medicines for free
while those who can afford can buy generic medicines at a discount.
Local Botika sa Bakuran Provincial or Municipal LGUs can mandate subordinate LGUs to maintain LGUs, DOH
Ordinance and operate herbal gardens, and that regular monitoring shall be put in CHD-1
place.
Results Matrix
Table 4.1.2. Result Matrix: Boost Health
BASELINE ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE

INDICATORS
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION AGENCY
Chapter Outcome: Promote Human Capital and Social Development

Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Health boosted
Under-five mortality rate 23.89 <25/1,000 live births FHSIS DOH CHD-1
decreased (%) (2021)
Ilocos Norte 6.94 <25/1,000 live births
Ilocos Sur 10.57 <25/1,000 live births
La Union 25.86 <25/1,000 live births
Pangasinan 21.69 <25/1,000 live births
Dagupan City 51.73 <25/1,000 live births
Mortality rates on diseases PSA Regional DOH CHD-1
per 100,000 population on Vital Statistics
ages 30-70 decreased due
to:
a. Ischemic heart diseases 142.42 decreasing
Male 76.45 decreasing
Female 65.97 decreasing
Ilocos Norte 206.53 decreasing

83
INDICATORS
Ilocos Sur 127.45 decreasing

La Union 219.19 decreasing
Pangasinan 112.84 decreasing
b. cerebovascular diseases 28.34 decreasing
c. neoplasms [all types] 52.27 decreasing

84
INDICATORS

d. diabetes milletus 23.73 decreasing
e. hypertensive disease 28.34 decreasing
f. pneumonia 86.9 decreasing

85
INDICATORS

g. chronic respiratory decreasing
12.10
diseases
h. COVID-19 decreasing DOH CHD-1
3.26 COVID-19 Case
Tracker

86
INDICATORS

Human Resources for DOH CHD 1 Report DOH CHD-1
Health (HRH) to Population
Ratio Improved on:
a. Physicians 1:26,045 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000
Ilocos Norte 1:21,271 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000
Ilocos Sur 1:14,123 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000
La Union 1:32,128 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000
Pangasinan 1:32,876 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000
Dagupan City 1:22,741 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000
b. Nurses 1:3,830 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000
Ilocos Norte 1:6,108 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000
Ilocos Sur 1:2,792 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000
La Union 1:2,757 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000
Pangasinan 1:4,990 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000
Dagupan City 1:1,378 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000
c. Midwives 1:4,502 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000
Ilocos Norte 1:4,254 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000
Ilocos Sur 1:3,274 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000
La Union 1:3,832 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000
Pangasinan 1:5,075 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000
Dagupan City 1:12,995 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000
Infant Mortality Rate FHSIS DOH CHD-1
16.69 <17/1,000 live births
Decreased
Ilocos Norte 6.46 <17/1,000 live births
Ilocos Sur 8.34 <17/1,000 live births
La Union 19.68 <17/1,000 live births
Pangasinan 10.11 <17/1,000 live births
Dagupan City 44.81 <17/1,000 live births

87
INDICATORS
Health inflation rate Price Indices NEDA-1

3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50
decreased
Ilocos Norte 2.40 2.07 1.73 1.40 1.07 0.73 0.40
Ilocos Sur 6.10 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.50 2.00 2.00
La Union 2.50 2.07 1.63 1.20 0.77 0.33 0.33
Pangasinan 3.40 3.00 2.83 2.67 2.50 2.33 2.17
1
DOH Administrative order No. 0063, s. 2021. Health Promotion Framework Strategy 2020.
2
https://doh.gov.ph/health-programs/smoking-cessation-program
3
National Nutrition Council Region 1. RPAN 2023-2028 Targets.
4
Republic Act No. 10152. An Act Providing for Mandatory Basic Immunization Services for infants and children, repealing for the purpose of
the Presidential Decree No. 996, as amended. https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/health_programs/ra10152.pdf.
5
Department of Health (2022). Department of Health Devolution Transition Plan 2022-2024.
https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/Joint-DOH-NNC-DTP-Narrative-and-Annexes-20Jan2022.pdf.

88
Sub-Chapter 4.2 Improve Education and
Lifelong Learning
Access to quality education decreased monthly compensation for child
aggravated by the pandemic, as the net development workers in Region 1 in 2022 is
enrolment, cohort survival, and completion PhP4,591.00 which is far lower than the
rates all declined from 2017 to 2021. poverty income threshold estimated at
Likewise, a decline in both enrollees and PhP12,082.00, for a family of five per month,
graduates of technical-vocational education thereby pushing them to the line of poverty.
was observed at the onset of the pandemic, The tremendous impact of these educators
missing the target at the end of 2021. Yet, the on the children and the wider society needs
number of enrollees in tertiary education to be recognized by upgrading their salary
continued to increase, although the number and competencies.
of graduates decreased. Despite the decline in
performance, the Regional Offices of Resource-constrained Local Government
Department of Education (DepEd), Units (LGUs) in school-building programs
Commission on Higher Education (CHED), for basic education need to be prioritized. As
and Technical Education and Skills school-building is already being devolved to
Development Authority (TESDA) continued LGUs, it is imperative that the
to implement programs and projects to Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged
improve education and lifelong learning, Areas (GIDAs) and the LGUs belonging to
such as the Basic Learning Continuity Plan the 3rd Income Class or lower shall be
(BLCP), Child Mapping Program, Student prioritized in the School Building Program
Financial Assistance Program, and Skills and Last Mile Schools Program of the
Training Program. national government. The identified areas
were the two in Ilocos Norte (Adams and
While Day Care Centers/Child Development Nueva Era), eight towns in Ilocos Sur
Centers are spread throughout the region, the (Cervantes, G. del Pilar, Nagbukel, Salcedo,
Child Development Workers in these San Emilio, Sigay, Sugpon, and Quirino), five
institutions are not adequately paid and towns in La Union (Bagulin, Burgos, Pugo,
trained. Early Childhood Care and San Gabriel, and Santol), and the three towns
Development Information System (ECCD- in Pangasinan (Bolinao, Infanta, and San
IS) of the Department of Social Welfare and Manuel) (See Chapter 2).
Development (DSWD) states that the average

89
Basic education performance remains catchment area of an existing school. This is
challenged. The SY 2017-2018 National a critical concern since the construction of
Achievement Test (NAT) result revealed that school facilities is part of DepEd’s functions
15.21 percent of Grade 6 students in the already devolved to the LGUs.1
region achieved a “nearly proficient” level in
the country’s standardized test. A higher Infrastructure investments for tertiary
proportion of Grade 10 students equivalent education need to be increased. Specifically,
to 30.18 percent achieved this level. expanding campuses of State Universities
Meanwhile, the region is still concerned with and Colleges (SUCs) in Bayambang and
the low performance of Grade 12 students, as Alaminos is needed as the population and
only 6.18 percent were nearly proficient. A eventual enrollment in these areas are
student’s level of proficiency in the NAT is expected to increase. Moreover, these areas
considered “nearly proficient” when he or are rapidly urbanizing, thereby needing
she achieved a mean percentage score of 50 to knowledge and intellectual hubs (See Chapter
74. The national standard is at least 75 2).
percent of learners are nearly proficient. The
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the
said examination was temporarily
region are in need of support to be at par with
discontinued in SY 2018-2019. Based on the
international standards. The Mariano
SY 2017-2018 result, however, more effort is
Marcos State University (MMSU) in Batac
needed in order to improve the quality of
(Ilocos Norte) holds the distinction of being
education in the region.
the only HEI in the region to be part of four
Approximately 63 percent and 68 percent of international rankings of HEIs in 2022- the
the Special Education Fund (SEF) collections Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Star Ranking,
were expended in 2020 and 2021 in Region 1, Times Higher Education, World Universities
respectively. Further, there was also a 10.22 with Real Impact (WURI) and UI
percent decrease in the Year-End Fund GreenMetric World University Rankings.
Balances of the SEF in spite of the 4.98 Joining MMSU in the QS Star rankings are
percent increase in appropriations. This may Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State
signify that the local education expenditures University (DMMMSU), Pangasinan State
charged on SEF are increasing through the University (PSU), and Panpacific University,
years as the accumulated balances are being with Panpacific as the only private HEI in the
utilized. With this, even if the growth of region to be part of international rankings.
appropriations is sustained or even increased, These international rankings classify HEIs
the amount available for classroom with respect to their academic quality,
construction may not be sufficient to provide research, and faculty profile. While the
schools for each barangay beyond the accomplishments of these HEIs are

90
commendable, efforts to upgrade the other in 2017 to 94.6 percent in 2020. However,
HEIs in the region should be pursued as well. since the majority of TESDA’s skills training
require onsite or face-to-face certification,
The certification rate for TVET graduates the certification rate decreased to 91.9
recorded an increasing trend but was percent in 2021, attributable mainly to the
disrupted by the pandemic. The TESDA limitations and restrictions relative to the
certification rate increased from 92.2 percent pandemic.
Strategy Framework
Figure 4.2. Strategy Framework to Improve Education and Lifelong Learning
Strategies
This sub-chapter discusses how to remain highlighted to help promote social cohesion
competitive with regards to education and as well. Chapter 4.2 elaborates on strategies
lifelong learning amidst the current on how to improve governance and human
pandemic promoting the culture of capital development while still maintaining
sinnaranay or care for the community. The quality, resiliency, and promotion of Filipino
needs of learners with disabilities and IPs are values.

91
Outcome 1: Quality, inclusive, adaptive, resilient, and future-
ready basic education for all achieved
Strengthen quality early towards productive and creative works.
childhood care and development LGUs shall also implement the RA 11148
programs with the Day Care Center learners which
focuses on the health and nutrition of young
The government will maintain its children to ensure their physical well-being
commitment to the United Nations which has the potential to positively affect
Convention on the Rights of the Child students' academic performance and
(CRC)2 and come up with creative solutions behavior (See Chapter 6.1).
to reduce the pandemic's effect on children.
This is aligned to the Basic Education Moreover, the DepEd-1 will monitor the
Development Plan 20303 which states that all implementation of Department Order No. 40
five year olds, especially those in poorer s. 2012 or the DepEd Child Protection Policy
households, disadvantaged situations, and to keep school children away from any form
underserved areas will be expected to attend of violence, bullying, discrimination or other
the kindergarten program. This way, they can abuse within schools, especially the learners
experience physical, social, intellectual, with disabilities and the IPs. To help ensure
emotional, and skill development along with high-quality preschool and elementary
Filipino values formation before beginning education, the DepEd should employ
formal elementary schooling. graduates of Early Childhood Education as
preschool up to Grade 3 teachers.
As such, the LGUs will operate at least one Furthermore, the DepEd's school-based
Day Care Center/Child Development Center feeding program should be strengthened in
in each barangay subject to standards set order to address malnutrition among
forth by DSWD. Additionally, the economic
children (See Chapter 6.1).
welfare of daycare workers will be improved
by passing House Bill No. 65504 or the
Develop and implement catch-up
proposed "Magna Carta of Day Care
programs to address learning
Workers" outlining the responsibilities and
losses
privileges of the Day Care Workers. In doing
so, a competent cadre of Day Care Workers is Region 1 aims to achieve a level of 85.50
ensured. Moreover, early childhood percent score in the NAT for Grade 6, 89
education facilities provide support to percent for Grade 10, and 86.5 percent for
women as it frees them from fulfilling Grade 12. To help achieve this, basic
reproductive and child-care functions education shall be accessible to all and LGUs5

92
shall support the Child Mapping Program in COVID-19 pandemic provided an
Region 1 implemented by DepEd-1. This opportunity to explore different methods and
program was created to properly identify the modes of learning; these should be evaluated
area's issue on access to basic and quality in order to make use of them for blended
education, and avoid the continuing increase learning. The DepEd-1 should also ensure
of school children or enrolled in basic that textbooks are distributed on time to both
education as this program will map out students and teachers, to avoid class
incoming and dropout students, while also disruptions due to the pandemic and due to
attempting to bring them back and keep them uncertainties due to other disasters. Efforts
in schools6. Subject to the results of the will be exerted to ensure that the materials are
program, Alternative Learning System (ALS) respectful of IP practices and culture.
modalities of DepEd-1 will be offered in areas Resources will be invested to make
in need including young parents who have specialized materials for learners with
not completed their basic elementary and disabilities. Parents and guardians of school
secondary education yet. The expansion of learners should also be given proper
the voucher program which extends to orientation on how to use said textbooks and
primary and secondary learners will materials for different learning modalities,
strengthen the Filipino people's right to including face-to-face, distant, blended
quality education and will help address learning, and home schooling if possible. In
learning losses as it taps complementarity of coordination with local schools and subject
public and private educational institutions. to DepEd standards, the LGUs can tap their
The LGUs especially the Sangguniang SEFs to fund the provision of learning
Kabataan to utilize their resources in materials including development of libraries
providing augmentation to these initiatives and community learning centers where
through provision of regular tutoring resources warrant.
services and of additional learning materials.
Learning resources include classrooms,
laboratories and workshops. As school-
Ensure access to quality learning
building construction is already being
resources
devolved to LGUs, the GIDAs and the LGUs
Making sure that learning resources and belonging to the 3rd Income Class or lower
materials meet international standards and are to be prioritized in the School Building
trends is a critical part of providing quality Program and Last Mile Schools Program of
education. Quality and reliable access to these the national government. Subject to field
materials, such as textbooks, videos, online visits, the towns of Adams and Nueva Era
learning management systems, and open- (Ilocos Norte) and Cervantes, G. del Pilar,
access online libraries are essential. The Nagbukel, Salcedo, San Emilio, Sigay,

93
Sugpon, and Quirino (Ilocos Sur) were be educated on different methods for
identified. In addition were the towns of delivering learning content so that good
Bagulin, Burgos, Pugo, San Gabriel, and quality instruction is accessible to students.
Santol (La Union), and Bolinao, Infanta and To enhance the capabilities of teachers,
San Manuel (Pangasinan). Expansion of the DepEd-1 will examine the workload of
campuses of State Universities and Colleges teachers, provide in-service and teacher
(SUCs) in the Bayambang and Alaminos shall training, and incorporate new learning
be done as well. The existing TechVoc practices such as the usage of open
institutions of the government throughout educational resources and EdTech programs
the region will be expanded especially to cater that underline bringing innovation and
to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) digitization to K-12 education. Moreover,
needs, and also for the training BHWs to have institutions of higher education shall put
at least one TVET institution per province together Massive Open Online Courses
capable of providing NC-2 certification (MOOCs) for educators, with Continuing
training to BHWs (See also Chapters 2 and Professional Development (CPD)
13). accreditation. Additionally, programs for
strengthening teachers' skills to support
Improve the competencies of students' physical and emotional growth
teachers should be advanced, together with cultural
awareness seminars on IPs and PWDs, and
With the improvements in various learning the promotion of sinnaranay or bayanihan
modes, educators and school managers shall mindset with the learners.
Outcome 2: Globally competitive and inclusive TVET and higher

education, and improved research output for a broader
knowledge economy attained
labor market and industry needs and
Increase involvement of industry
demands. TVET institutions in the region
and private sector in TVET
shall strengthen collaboration with
The private sector plays a crucial role in universities and industries in delivering in-
promoting quality TVET both as an service training to help individuals learn new
employer and training provider. The skills or progress in their careers by
TESDA-1 should align existing TVET continuously learning specific skills. This will
programs and increase the representation of ensure that skills gained are relevant and of
the private sector in the curriculum making high standards.
process to create programs responsive to

94
Micro-credentials are more specific to a that encourages tripartite collaboration
particular topic and will be completed over a between the academe, government and
shorter time. This can also fill a competency industry to nurture new ideas, conduct R&D
or skill gaps of employees. The TESDA-1 and initiatives and pursue innovative and creative
even the SUCs in the region will study the solutions (See Chapter 10).
need to start offering micro-credentials. This
is in line with the new and emerging Supplementing the existing offices of the
technologies that are rapidly changing the HEIs, DOST provides Technology Business
nature of work and demand for skills or the Incubation (TBI) as a way to encourage
demands of the 4IR. commercialization of innovation. Some
SUCs in the region already have Agri-based
In the larger institutional realm, there shall be Technology Business Incubator (ATBI)
structural reforms in local universities and programs and Innovation Centers (ICs) (See
colleges (LUCs) to strengthen the focus on also Chapter 10). This provides students with
TVET (See also Chapter 5). The publicly- the chance to launch their inventions and
owned TVET institutions shall provide and start new businesses. It enables other new
promote programs that are traditionally businesses in the region to get support as well.
male-dominated to female enrollees as well,
while ensuring that the TVET opportunities Pursue transnational knowledge
are reaching out to PWDs and IPs. These will co-creation linkages with HEIs
be done by partnering with LGUs, and with
private NGOs working with these sectors. In order to work together to produce
innovative solutions and ideas, SUCs and
other HEIs will form relationships with
Optimize the roles of universities
international partners, such as industry,
as innovation hubs and
research institutions, and academic
incubation centers
institutions. The DOST will provide grants
While the region has a number of universities such as the Balik Scientist program in order
and colleges that are designated as Centers of to support this prioritizing La Union and
Excellence and Development, the roles of select schools due to concentration of
these HEIs will be maximized to become learners. Furthermore, these HEIs should
centers for innovation and start-ups by strive to make themselves productive
utilizing existing offices to promote culture of members of the international academic
research and entrepreneurship among community and have graduates that are
learners and the faculty. This is in line with capable of living and working in a diverse
the initiative of the region to pursue the multicultural environment. Hence, the HEIs
establishment of a regional innovation hub should be prepared to develop programs for

95
internationalization7 which can include to support students for all educational levels
programs on IP Knowledge Systems. In including graduate and post-graduate
consonance with CHED’s goal to increase programs across disciplines through
awareness of the influence of international development of new programs and funding
rankings on an institution's global reputation research grants including the popular
and help HEIs discover their strengths and scholarship programs of DOST-1 and
weaknesses, CHED Region 1 will CHED-1 for undergraduate and graduate
continuously implement degrees. Complementing these initiatives, the
Internationalization Masterclass, the R-1 LGUs will provide more research-oriented
FLAIR (Region 1 Filipino Leaders in scholarships to their constituents based on
Advancing International Reputation). This their merits and without discrimination (see
program will help set standards for academic Chapter 5). This is aligned with strengthening
preference and create a competitive higher the knowledge infrastructure through
education market. The region has annual upskilling and reskilling of human resources
target of one HEI to make it into each of the especially in Science, Technology,
university rankings in Quacquarelli Symonds Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics
(QS)8, Times Higher Education9 and (STEAM) to meet the needs of the
Academic Ranking of World Universities10. knowledge-based economy and 4IR and to
respond to the changing needs in the local
Provide more research-oriented and global scenes (see Chapter 10).
scholarship programs across
disciplines
Government and private HEIs will continue
Outcome 3: Governance for human capital development

improved
most appropriate decisions for the school and
Strengthen school-based
students. This is to achieve higher learning
management (SBM)
outcomes in the region, bring resources to
To enable the schools to better respond to spur change in line with decentralization,
their specific educational needs, the DepEd-1 strengthen partnership with communities,
will strengthen the SBM and provide and integrate school management and
additional funds. The school personnel have instructional reformation for school
the experience and expertise to make the effectiveness.

96
this, more time is devoted by teachers in
Strengthen school-based
teaching, thereby increasing educational
management (SBM)
quality.
To enable the schools to better respond to
their specific educational needs, the DepEd-1 In the tertiary educational setting, teachers
will strengthen the SBM and provide fulfill three main roles: in instruction,
additional funds. The school personnel have research and extension. Typically, they
the experience and expertise to make the complete all three functions in their job. It is
most appropriate decisions for the school and clear, however, that with the amount of work
students. This is to achieve higher learning they are given, it is nearly impossible for them
outcomes in the region, bring resources to to deliver all that is expected of them. Thus,
spur change in line with decentralization, training and capacity-building activities for
strengthen partnership with communities, teachers should be implemented to improve
and integrate school management and their skills and knowledge. Furthermore, a
instructional reformation for school review of their workload should be
effectiveness. undertaken to ensure that the hours spent in
job-related duties, professional growth, and
personal life are satisfactorily balanced. This
Rationalize workload of teachers
will stop them from possible burnout and
The LGUs can hire administrative or physical illnesses due to excessive workload11.
teaching aides from their SEF subject to the Also, rationalizing the workload of teachers
rules promulgated by DepEd. These in the SUCs and other HEIs will provide
additional personnel to be deployed them the opportunity to have more time to
especially in city schools and to schools do more research work and thus, support the
catering to students with special needs will region in strengthening basic research and
assist teachers on administrative tasks. With development (R&D) (see also Chapter 10)

97
Legislative Agenda
Table 4.2.1. Legislative Agenda to Improve Education and Lifelong Learning
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Amending RA 10533, This seeks to reform the country’s Basic Education System by revisiting DepEd-1, CHED-1,
or "The Enhanced Basic the K-12 curriculum to make the graduates more readily employable, TESDA-1
Education Act of 2013” better equipped with critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and
will improve their level of proficiency in national/regional standardized
tests.
Strengthening Technical The act aims to strengthen the TVET in the Philippines by incorporating TESDA-1
Vocational Education and apprenticeship and dual training system, providing for continuous
Training (TVET) training of the unemployed, and expanding the provision of enterprise-
based education and trainings being implemented within companies
which will be a mix of workplace training and classroom-based
learning.
Magna Carta of Day Care This will provide minimum legislated benefits to child development DSWD-1, LGUs
Workers workers such as automatic membership in GSIS, Pag-IBIG and
PhilHealth, and mandatory leaves as provided by existing laws, and
other benefits and privileges. (RDC-1 initiated the call for support to
pass the House Bill 6550)
Results Matrix
Table 4.2.2. Results Matrix: Improve Education and Lifelong Learning
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE

BASELINE MEANS OF
INDICATORS AGENCY/ INTER-
(YEAR) VERIFICATION
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 AGENCY BODY
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Education and lifelong learning improved
Percentage of SY 2017- DepEd-1 Report DepEd-1

learners achieving at 2018
least "Nearly
Proficient" in Regional
Summative Test (RST)
Improved in:
a. Grade 6 15.21 61.50 65.50 69.50 73.50 77.50 81.50
Mathematics 56.26 57-61 62-66 67-71 72-76 77-81 82-86
English 59.80 60-63 64-67 68-71 82-76 77-80 81-84

98
BASELINE MEANS OF
(YEAR) VERIFICATION
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 AGENCY BODY
b. Grade 10 30.18 59.00 64.00 69.00 74.00 79.00 84.00
Mathematics 50.83 51-56 57-62 63-68 69-74 75-81 82-88
English 58.29 59-63 64-68 69-73 74-77 78-82 83-87
Number of HEIs in 2022 CHED-1 Report CHED-1

reputable
international ranking
increased in:
a. QS University Star
4 Increasing
Rankings
b. Times Higher
1 Increasing
Education
c. Academic Ranking
0 Increasing
of World Universities
d. Other international
reputable ranking 2 Increasing
bodies
ALS Assessment and 2022 DepEd-1 Report DepEd-1

Equivalency Passing Increasing
Rates increased in:
a. Elementary 39.82 40.00- 48.00- 56.00- 64.00- 72.00- 80.00-

47.00 55.00 63.00 71.00 79.00 87.00
b. Junior High School 43.88 45.00- 52.00- 59.00- 66.00- 73.00- 80.00-
51.00 58.00 65.00 72.00 79.00 86.00
TESDA Certification 91.90 92.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 Annual TVET TESDA-1
Rate increased (2022) Statistics
Annual Report
Licensure Exam for 2021 LET results CHED-1, PRC-1

Professional Teachers
(LEPT) Passing rate
increased
Elementary
Male 54.89 Increasing
Female 56.19 Increasing

99
BASELINE MEANS OF
(YEAR) VERIFICATION
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 AGENCY BODY
Secondary
Male 59.51 Increasing
Female 57.07 Increasing
1
NEDA RO-1 Policy Note 2022-02 titled “Financing Needs of Schoolless Barangays in Region 1”
2
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (2019). Combined fifth and sixth periodic reports submitted by the Philippines under
article 44 of the Convention.
3
Department of Education (2022). Basic Education Development Plan 2030.
4
Regional Development Council 1 Resolution No. 70, s. 2022. Supporting the Immediate Approval of House Bill 6550, “An Act Instituting the
Magna Carta of Day Care Workers and Providing Funds Therefore”.
5
Regional Development Council 1 Resolution No. 47, s. 2022. Enjoining All Local Government Units of Region 1 to Participate in the
Implementation of Child-Mapping Program in their Respective Communities.
6
Department of Education Region 1 (2022). Regional Memorandum No. 960, s. 2022. Child-Mapping of Incoming Kindergarten and School
Leavers.
7
Internationalization of higher education refers to the process of integrating an international or intercultural aspect into the teaching, research
and service functions. Jibeen, T. and Khan, M A (2015). Internationalization of Higher Education: Potential Benefits and Costs. International
Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol.4, No.4, December2015, pp. 196~199.
8
Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) University Rankings have been published annually by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) since 2004. The overall ranking
score of each university is calculated by methodology based on the aggregation of six weighted indicators.
https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2023.
9
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2022 include more than 1,600 universities across 99 countries and territories, making
them the largest and most diverse university rankings to date. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/world-
ranking.
10
Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) offered by Shanghai Jiao Tong University focuses on the number of award-winning
scientists, most cited researchers from the listed universities, and their contribution to the scientific community. ARWU also considers the
number of published articles from international universities and the performance of the universities analysed.
https://www.mastersportal.com/rankings/2/academic-ranking-of-world-universities-shanghai-jiao-tong-university.html.
11 Gonzales, MG, Guimary, FM, and Gabunilas, LM (2022). Teacher’s Workload and Well-Being and Their Implication to Learners’ Academic
Performance. University of Science and technology of Southern Philippines, Cagayan de Oro City.

100
Sub-Chapter 4.3 Establish Livable
Communities
Plazas remain to be the most popular public and ensure safety of and increase resilience of
open spaces in all LGUs but need to be vulnerable and hazard-prone communities
improved to optimize their utility for social (see Chapter 16). In terms of Local Shelter
and community development. All LGUs in Plans (LSPs) improvement, minimal
Region 1 have maintained their plazas for accomplishment was recorded at only 1.60
community engagements. The province of percent in 2020 and 2021. This may be
Pangasinan continued to maintain its Capitol attributed to the insufficient local housing
grounds and Lingayen public beach. La data which is vital in the formulation of the
Union has maintained its Capitol Hills, Ilocos municipal and city LSPs. Only the province
Sur improved its Bicentennial Park and of Pangasinan started the gathering of their
Ilocos Norte maintained its Sirib Mile that local housing data through their Provincial
includes the Marcos Stadium, Rizal Park, and Housing and Urban Development
Centennial Arena. These open public spaces Coordinating Office under the Office of the
shall be improved by the LGUs to provide Governor. The office aims to address housing
greater opportunities for community issues and backlogs in the province by
engagement as well as to help improve the providing services in terms of socialized/low-
health of the locals especially the vulnerable cost housing provision and loans and
groups such as children, women, PWDs, and relocation application assistance for informal
senior citizens. settlers, among others. The Department of
Human Settlements and Urban Development
Social Environment of communities (DHSUD) -1 shall provide assistance to the
improved through mainstreaming of LGUs to help them complete their LSPs as a
climate change adaptation and disaster-risk requirement of CLUP updating.
reduction. The percentage of Municipal/City
LGUs with Climate Change and Disaster- The region continued to face multiple risks.
Risk Improved Comprehensive Land Use The region’s lowlands where population is
Plans (CLUPs) increased from 25.60 percent concentrated is generally flood-prone
in 2017 to 48.80 percent in 2021. (medium to high risk) while the hilly areas in
Mainstreaming climate change and disaster- Western Pangasinan highlands are at
risk reduction in CLUPs ensures presence of medium risk for rain-induced landslides and
adaptive and mitigating strategies to protect its mountainous areas are at high risk for

101
landslides. Upland La Union and Ilocos Sur registered Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
are relatively safe areas from flooding yet (TSD) Facilities in the region as of January
with moderate to high risks for rain-induced 2022. These TSD facilities primarily control
landslides. Structures in the area may and manage the manufacture, process, use,
consider having their buildings redesigned to treatment, and disposal of toxic substances
be elevated from the street level with the and hazardous waste that industries produce.
necessary accessibility features. Moreover,
the coastal areas of Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, Monitoring activities of important bodies
Northern La Union, and Western of water sustained. The implementation of
Pangasinan have a high risk of liquefaction programs and projects in ensuring the
while Eastern Pangasinan has a medium risk cleanliness of bodies of water continued and
because these are in or near fault lines. The resulted in the conservation of water quality
coastal areas of La Union and Northern in the region. The percentage of freshwater
Pangasinan are at high risk for tsunami in bodies within water quality guidelines for
case of a strong earthquake triggered by a Food Production “Class C” were maintained
movement in the Manila Trench that lies at the highest level from 2017 to 2021. All 24
below the West Philippine Sea and traverses officially classified rivers in the region were
some portions of Pangasinan. The coastal monitored monthly by DENR-EMB-1
areas of the region are also prone to coastal through the establishment of at least one
erosion. This puts forward the need to adopt station per river. The agency also forged
a combination of gray and nature-based partnerships with other sectors through the
solutions to accelerate climate change actions Adopt-an-Estero/Waterbody Program with
at the local and regional levels (see Chapter the aim of protecting, maintaining, and
16). preserving the freshwaters. It mobilizes local
communities in cleaning esteros/rivers and
The ratio of Sanitary Landfills (SLF) to enlists the involvement of all stakeholders in
LGUs showed an increasing trend from the actual clean-up to reduce water pollution
2017 to 2022. In 2021, 54 out of 125 LGUs in and ensure cleaner waterbodies in the future.
Region 1 have their SLFs. Site requirements However, high Fecal Coliform Count (FCC)
remained a challenge for several LGUs in in the Sinocalan-Dagupan River System,
complying with the standards. As per records Naguilian River System (La Union) and the
of the DENR-EMB-1, 43 LGUs have their Lower Amburayan River System were
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) in place observed. These river systems are Water
with third-party service providers. The MOA Quality Management Areas (WQMAs), thus
aims to provide LGUs with no feasible SLF giving their respective WQMA Boards the
sites access to a safe disposal of their solid impetus to improve the water quality in these
waste. On the other hand, there were two areas.

102
In terms of marine waters, the percentage of number of tourist arrivals in the region
marine waters within water quality guidelines resulted in better air quality due to reduced
for Tourism and Contact Recreation “Class” emissions following the restricted movement
were likewise maintained at the maximum of people. Although monitoring instruments
level from 2017 to 2021. The successful and stations were put in place in various
implementation of EMB-1’s Beach EcoWatch locations in cities, the need for additional
Program ensured the good water quality of modern monitoring instruments and stations
coastal waters in the region. A total of 45 remains a challenge for the sector.
established monitoring stations for bathing
beaches with high tourism values were The settlement trend in the region is linear.
maintained by the agency. Except for Dagupan City and its suburbs,
most of the region’s built-up areas are along
Ambient air quality maintained. All six the MNR. It is observed that development
cities (Batac, Ilocos Norte; Vigan, Ilocos Sur; concentration is seen in the growth centers
San Fernando, La Union; and Urdaneta, and radiates to the MNR and major road
Dagupan, and San Carlos in Pangasinan) systems. To help disperse growth, new
were subjected to air quality monitoring communities shall be built and developed
during the past three years (2019 - 2021). beyond the growth centers and the transport
Based on ambient air guidelines, all six cities connectivity across and within communities
yielded low particulate matter (PM) and were will be enhanced. In doing so, air quality will
within the normal range. The coarse particles also improve because of reduced use of
suspended in the air with a diameter of 10 μm vehicles using fossil fuels.
and 2.5 μm (PM10) recorded were 16
μg/Ncm in 2021 and 2020. In terms of PM2.5 Housing needs continued to grow. As of
or fine particles (diameter of 2.5 μm to 1.0 2015, there are towns with a household-to-
μm) suspended in the air, the 2021 level dwelling ratio greater than 1.10 households
reached a value of 17 μg/Ncm. Both 2021 sharing one dwelling unit. These are Marcos
values of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly and Nueva Era (Ilocos Norte), Magsingal and
below the ambient air guidelines’ maximum Sugpon (Ilocos Sur), Pugo, Rosario, and
limit of 60 μg/Ncm and 25 μg/Ncm, Santo Tomas (La Union), and Balungao,
respectively. The sector continued Binmaley, and Mapandan (Pangasinan).
implementing interventions that aid in Additionally, households in San Emilio and
maintaining the good air quality of the Lidlidda (Ilocos Sur) that were affected by the
region. These can be attributed to the landslide triggered by Magnitude 7.2 Abra
implementation of local policies such as Earthquake in 2022 will be relocated to
traffic rerouting and the prohibition of open decent sites within the plan period.
burning. Likewise, the decrease in the Moreover, as the region’s cities continue to

103
welcome transients from the rural areas, Translated into amount, housing loan
there is also a need to provide safe and decent takeout reached up to PHP1.364B in 2019
rental housing. and PHP 987.44M in 2020.
Housing loan take outs were also affected Residential Patents issued to local residents
by the pandemic. Filipinos aspire to have in the region increased over the past six
their own houses, and Region 1 residents, years. A total of 54,312 residential free
Pag-IBIG Fund members in particular, had a patents were issued by DENR-1 from 2016 to
way to achieve this dream. The Fund has been 2021. These residential patents offered the
in constant assistance to its members in terms communities legal protection of their
of housing-related loans. From the 713 loan properties. With this, the lands became more
takeouts in 2017, more Pag-IBIG Fund valuable as they can be easily used as
members were able to avail of housing loans, collateral for loans. Moreover, the LGUs can
reaching up to 1,044 in 2019. However, due now easily impose real estate taxes.
to the pandemic, there were only 664 in 2020.
Strategy Framework
Figure 4.3.1. Strategy Framework to Establish Livable Communities
Strategies
The environment is the basic foundation of a provide the basic natural resources and
community to promote human capital and ecological services for human survival and
social development. In order to establish a sustainable development. For the next five
livable community, the environment shall years, various programs and projects will be

104
implemented to pursue strategies that: (1) ensure that there is an affordable and sturdy
promote the social environment of home for every family in a community where
communities, (2) improve environmental nature and civic values are enriched. Shelter
quality and (3) upgrade the built is also an integral component of SDG Goal
environment. Ultimately, the region will Number 11.
Outcome 1: Social environment promoted
Engage communities in civic, Provide greater opportunities

cultural, and sports activities for community engagement
The LGUs, especially the barangays, will The plazas and other public open spaces of
engage communities and various CSOs, to the LGUs in Region 1 are good venues for
hold regular activities that promote cultural community engagement. The LGUs,
identity, civic consciousness and especially the barangays, will hold regular
volunteerism, and healthy living. This will town hall meetings and Barangay Assemblies
come in the form of regular synchronized to consult with the constituents. It also
clean up drives, sports festivals, regular includes observing the required participation
exercise campaigns, Values Recovery of individual citizens and NGOs and CSOs in
Program sessions, community-based mental various local bodies like the Barangay
health promotion activities, and other Development Councils. Improving social
community gatherings. In doing so, good media presence, regular posting of notices in
civic values are promoted eventually leading public spaces, and even the use of public
to improved quality of life. Moreover, this announcement systems are some doable
will foster sinnaranay or bayanihan across options for barangays for them to boost
the residents. The LGUs especially through community engagements. The RLAs,
Local School Boards can also work to especially the planning agencies, will tap the
integrate the National Values Program- joint internet as well to have a direct access to the
research undertaking between NEDA and concerns of the constituents.
NCCA in the basic education as localized in
their contexts. Moreover, the LGUs will Build disaster preparedness
operationalize their respective Pre-Marriage and resilience of communities
Orientation and Counselling (PMOC) Teams
Barangays, NGOs, including faith-based
together with POPCOM-1 and DSWD-1.
organizations can work together to conduct
regular education campaigns aimed towards
improving disaster preparedness. This shall
be in the form of first aid trainings, lectures,

105
and community-wide drills. In addition, measures will be in place to reduce risks and
communities especially the barangays will vulnerabilities of existing settlements. To make
heighten infectious disease vigilance and local food networks more resilient from
promote health-seeking behavior through inflationary shocks and other restrictions on
regular health scanning of its constituents logistics, barangays and their partners will
through skilled BHWs. Barangays will invest on community gardens, management
collaborate with households in landslide and of communal forests, and even on gardens of
flood prone areas for them to be relocated to medicinal plants (see Chapter 16).
safer areas. Also, appropriate mitigation
Outcome 2: Environmental quality improved

management (SWM) network where residual
Implement waste management
wastes are collected and disposed in a
strategies
sanitary landfill owned by the LGU or shared
In addition to strategies in Chapter 16, the with a cluster of nearby towns. Recognizing
communities will enact ordinances towards the fiscal limitations of LGUs to implement
sustainable consumption which involves their integrated SWM programs, the Project
reducing usage of plastic-based containers, Development Action Center (PDAC) of the
preference for organic fertilizers, and region can link them to financial and
purchase of locally-produced food. multilateral institutions and other agencies
Barangays shall also promote composting for project preparation studies on the
including the use of vermicast for organic construction of sanitary landfills and related
waste so that the volume of waste managed by facilities. With spatial constraints, it will also
the barangays is reduced. Agricultural encourage LGUs to forge agreements with
barangays will work with women’s groups other LGUs or entities with existing facilities
like Rural Improvement Clubs and other for their respective SWM needs especially in
groups of farmers to encourage more areas with CADTs/CALTs that limit use of
environmentally conscious ways to raise pigs lands. Moreover, the LGUs, particularly in
and on disposing agricultural wastes. These the province of Pangasinan will be provided
are through lectures, demonstrations, and with technical assistance for them to build
outright provision of biogas digesters, their sanitary landfill either individually or in
composters, and grinders whenever available. an integrated/clustered approach.
The barangays will be assisted by their
mother LGUs, DOST-1 and DA-1. On wastewater management, a larger septage
plant in San Fernando City (La Union) must
Complementing this shall be the be built to serve the entire city together with
development of town/city-wide solid waste Bauang and portions of San Juan. Another

106
septage plant in Malasiqui (Pangasinan) is Provide access to green and
needed for its own sewage together with the open spaces
wastewater of Urdaneta, San Carlos, and
The barangays and other LGUs will convert
Dagupan cities. Smaller versions of septage
under-utilized publicly-owned,
plants named Decentralized Water uninhabitable real estate into parks and green
Treatment Systems (DEWATS) to be built in spaces. Specifically, planting of indigenous
other areas as well. DEWATS will be trees in the easement of the riverbanks and in
constructed in Binalonan, Laoac, and communal forests, together with planting of
Mapandan (Pangasinan), Bauang, Sudipen, mangroves especially in the estuaries are
and Naguilian (La Union), Tagudin (Ilocos some of the practical ways to do this. DENR-
Sur), and Laoag and Batac (Ilocos Norte) 1 will serve as the focal agency for these
under the leadership of DENR-1. The greening initiatives to help ensure clean air
DEWATS will cater primarily with waste and water. This greening will help attain the
water from public schools and hospitals, standard set by the World Health
markets including malls, and other large Organization which is the availability of a
minimum of nine square meters of green
business establishments. The DOST-
space per individual. See Chapter 16 for
developed Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
additional strategies. The plazas and other
technology will be maximized as DEWATS
existing public parks of the LGUs shall be
whenever appropriate. These will
upgraded which will include greening
supplement the existing Adopt-a-Estero
activities to enhance their capacity to provide
campaign of EMB-1 with the private sector green and open spaces.
(See also Chapters 2, 13 and 16).
Outcome 3: Built environment upgraded

idle lands to build socialized and economic
Construct adequate and
housing projects will get funding support
affordable housing
from NHA, DHSUD-1, HMDF, and GFIs
The formulation of the LSPs of the LGUs are once their LSPs are already promulgated.
prerequisite in providing adequate and
affordable housing. The LGUs in Region 1, To further lower the cost of housing, LGUs
particularly Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur will and other Key Shelter Agencies will explore
be assisted in the formulation of their LSPs by handing over ownership of housing units but
DHSUD-1. Provincial and city LGUs not of the land itself upon which the units are
together with municipal and barangay LGUs like the condominiums of private developers.
who are able, will utilize or buy identified safe To promote PPP, the LGUs can partner with

107
private developers for low- to medium-cost contributing the former and the economic
housing. In urban areas, housing projects will and low- to mid-cost housing beneficiaries
be medium-rise housing that are connected contributing the latter. Also, a lien on the
to city centers through public transport properties shall be placed that will restrict
networks, and these complexes shall provide sale of properties for a defined period of time.
spaces for community gatherings, small The DHSUD-1 and its umbrella agencies will
stores, and green spaces. For rural areas, row also intensify partnerships with
houses and low-rise buildings are preferred. microfinancing institutions for housing
microloans, and its facilitation of Presidential
On the direct provision of housing units Proclamations for housing sites, provision of
towards ownerships, LGUs shall venture on emergency shelter allowances, and rental
the development of lower-priced rental subsidies. The priority for government-
housing units for their residents that are not initiated housing-related interventions are
permanently staying in their places. These towns and cities with a household-to-
include workers and learners that are either housing ratio of more than 1.10 households
commuting to far places daily or those who for every dwelling. These are in addition to
settle in unsafe rental dormitories. Identified San Emilio and Lidlidda (Ilocos Sur) that
LGUs for this are the cities of San Fernando were affected by the landslide triggered by
(La Union), Dagupan and Urdaneta Magnitude 7.2 Abra Earthquake.
(Pangasinan) and Laoag (Ilocos Norte) which
host major health and learning institutions,
Integrate accessibility, health,
businesses, and government offices.
culture, and resilience
outcomes into design of
Increase access of Informal housing and communities
Settler Families (ISFs),
homeless, and underprivileged Housing complexes that are low- to mid-rise
to housing will provide community spaces for small
businesses, parks and gardens, and other
Government-initiated housing projects will community spaces in their lower floors.
prioritize those in danger zones, the Informal Passive ventilation and generous sunlight
Settler Families, and the homeless. Efforts access will be ensured in the housing units
will be made by DHSUD-1, NHA, and the without compromising privacy. Housing
LGUs so that these housing projects will have units will also be earthquake-proof and that
mechanisms to allow for residents to they are built on pylons/elevated to minimize
contribute manual labor or financial flooding. Moreover, every effort will be made
resources to minimize mendicant mindset, to ensure that the designs are consulted with
with socialized housing beneficiaries the future residents and that features to help

108
the differently-abled to use the houses will be and the private sector including the
provided. Research to develop low-cost, professional organizations. The LGUs will
scalable, replicable, yet high-quality and continue to strictly implement the National
dignified housing designs will be made and Building Code and the BP 220 in issuing
disseminated for free. For areas where permits for the development of economic
indigenous peoples will reside, consultation and socialized housing projects in urban and
with elders is necessary. Leading these will be rural areas.
the DHSUD, DPWH, LGUs, the academe
Outcome 4: Responsive governance advanced

at least nine square meters per individual,
Ensure accessibility to
together with the protection of tangible and
government services
intangible heritage zones. The said plans will
To make government accessible to the public also include provisions for community
in addition to strategies in Chapter 15, activities, social services, and commute, in
government agencies will have housing and addition to strategies to relocate households
resettlement locations within a comfortable in identified danger zones. The mentioned
15-minute tricycle ride from an elementary “15-minute guidelines” above- housing and
school, a barangay health station, and a local resettlement locations are within a
police outpost in rural areas, or within 15- comfortable 15-minute tricycle ride from a
minute walk in urban areas. This is in line major social infrastructure in rural areas, or
with the RSS that provides that in within 15-minute walk in urban areas- are a
predominantly agricultural towns, mixed use good start, coupled with programs and
and commercial development and even civic design to make streets safer for children,
centers are within a 500-meter radius from a pregnant women, and PWDs. For LGUs
public elementary or secondary school, hosting SUC campuses, the duly approved
municipal hall, infirmary, and/or public Land Use Development and Infrastructure
market that are alienable and disposable Plans (LUDIPs) will serve as integral inputs
lands. This strategy will help ensure the to their CLUPs and CDPs. LGUs will tap the
efficient provision of major social services Smart Communities and iSTART programs
(See Chapter 2). of DOST-1 to be equipped with skills and
know-how on what it takes to develop livable
Sustain community livability communities.
planning
Moreover, communities especially the
The CLUPs and CDPs of LGUs shall ensure resettlement sites and new housing
that there are open and free spaces for all of development will be designed in such a way

109
that privacy is respected and that the unique (local/short-distance collector routes), and in
needs of women, the elderly, the sick, the linking larger Wedges to the Corridors and
children, the differently abled or PWDs, and Centers (express routes). Stops along the
the cultural and other minorities including routes of these modern jeepneys shall
the IPs are addressed in the form of gender- consider the local practices and demand
neutral comfort rooms, breastfeeding rooms, together with safety and traffic flow
prayer rooms, accessibility ramps, and management. In the long run, the jeepney
evenly-spaced stairs, among others. The routes will- operate even beyond 6 PM to
DHSUD-1 will take the lead of this domain, extend up to 8 PM to cater to more workers
together with DILG-1, the LGUs, and the and students. The LTFRB-1 shall take the
private developers. lead of this strategy together with the LGUs
and DILG-1 through Local Public Transport
Integral to livability is the presence of Route Plan (LPTRP). On one hand, tricycles
reliable, multi-layered public transport. For a shall supplement the jeepneys especially in
multi-layered transport network in Region 1, connecting Wedges with the rest of the
the buses shall serve as the primary link region as non-fixed route public transport
between provinces (interregional route) providers.
supplemented by some modern jeepney
routes linking nearby Growth Centers with Livability planning involves going beyond
one another (trunkline route). Corridor the current realities to a foreseeable future. It
towns shall be linked to the Growth Centers was projected that in the next 20 years,
within the province through trunkline routes Naguilian (La Union), Bani, Bayambang,
modern jeepney routes traversing multiple Bugallon, Pozorrubio, and Sual (Pangasinan)
Corridor towns on a regular schedule. The will emerge as cities. In the current plan
routes shall be long enough to accommodate period, these towns shall utilize Planned Unit
multiple towns by merging shorter routes Development and Transport-Oriented
along the same road network. Soon, it should Development (PUD-TOD) as models in
be possible for one to travel from Laoag shaping their land utilization. Through these
(Ilocos Norte) to Alaminos (Pangasinan) approaches, more livable cities are expected
through the routes of modern jeepney to emerge in the region.
crossing the entire stretch of MNR and N55
and N56 in the region. Facilitate shift towards
renewable energy
Modern jeepney routes shall also be the
default mode of transport in linking the In the era of a changing climate, livability
barangays within a single city or within the planning of communities involves the shift
identified Planning Clusters (See Chapter 2) towards renewable energy, both on- and off-

110
grid. Hence, LGUs will utilize solar panels as administrative titling process for residential
a source of electricity for their streetlights and lands. Recently, the Republic Act 11231 or
for their local infrastructure. The the Agricultural Free Patent Act was
Department of Energy (DOE), the other advocated into law by the RDC-1. This RA
RLAs, and the private sector will utilize the 11231 will be promoted in tandem with RA
lengthy shoreline of the region for wind or 10023 to secure agricultural lands and help
solar power plants. Idle lands owned by the make them more productive through proper
public shall be leased to renewable energy documentation of properties. LGUs and the
developers. Use of renewables shall DENR-1, together with PIA-1, will
ultimately redound to cheaper electricity communicate to the communities the
rates that will discourage the use of trees as requirements of the said act and encourage
source of heat and fuel (See Chapters 13 and the residents to have their lands titled.
16). Properly titled agricultural lands are more
readily protected from indiscriminate
Hasten Access to Land Tenure conversion into non-agricultural purposes
while titled residential lands will be easily
The Republic Act 10023 or the Residential used as collateral for housing loans.
Free Patent Act provides for a cheaper
Legislative Agenda
Table 4.3.1. Legislative Agenda to Establish Livable Communities
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
National Land Use Bill Provide access to unutilized/idle land for housing and the parameters on land NEDA
use planning including those on hazard-prone areas, multiple uses of land,
environmentally critical areas, and culturally significant sites.
Rental Housing Subsidy Bill Improve access and affordability of housing, especially for the ISFs, homeless DHSUD
and underprivileged
Local Shelter Plan and The local Sangguniang Bayan shall enact a Local Shelter Plan to meet the LGUs, DHSUD-1
Updated Local Zoning housing needs of their locality. They can also stipulate provisions on the quality
Ordinance of dwellings built. These standards shall be aligned to the National Building
Code and to the Region 1 Spatial Strategy (RSS). To mitigate risks, high-rise
development is to be discouraged except for areas determined for planned
unit development.
Ordinance on Local Values Institutionalize programs and policies to promote the Filipino values of LGUs
Formation and Moral makaDiyos, makatao, makakalikasan at makabansa with respect for various
Recovery Program and differing moral and religious convictions.

111
Results Matrix
Table 4.3.2. Results Matrix: to Establish Livable Communities
INDICATORS BASELINE ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
(YEAR) VERIFICATION AGENCY
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Sub-Chapter Outcome 3: Livable Communities Established
Number of CSOs Increasing DILG Report DILG-1

accredited by the
Provincial, Municipal,
or City Sanggunian
increased
Percentage of 80.00 83.20 86.40 89.60 92.80 96.00 100.00 Annual Report DENR-EMB-1
LGUs with SLFs (2022)
(including those with
MOAs) increased
Percentage of LGUs 100 100 100 100 100 100 DENR-EMB-1 DENR-EMB-1
implementing Monitoring
approved Solid Waste Report
Management Plan
(SWMP) increased
Percentage of DENR-EMB-1 DENR-EMB-1
freshwater bodies Monitoring
within the water Report
quality guidelines
increased for:
a. Public Water Supply 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
(Class "AA" or "A") (2021)
b. Recreational (Class 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
"B") (2021)
c. Food Production 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
(Class "C") (2021)
Fecal Coliform Count DENR-EMB-1 DENR-EMB-1
(MPN/100L) Monitoring
decreased Report
a. Naguilian River 9,227 <200 <200 <200 <200 <200 <200
System (2021)
b. Lower 1,003 <200 <200 <200 <200 <200 <200
Amburayan (2021)
River System
c. Sinocalan- 11,530 <200 <200 <200 <200 <200 <200

Dagupan River (2021)
System
Biochemical Oxygen DENR-EMB-1 DENR-EMB-1
Demand (mg/L) Monitoring
sustained Report
d. Naguilian River 2 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7
System (2021)

112
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
e. Lower 2 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7

Amburayan (2021)
River System
f. Sinocalan- 5 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7 <7
Dagupan River (2021)
System
Percentage of marine DENR-EMB-1 DENR-EMB-1
waters within the Monitoring
water quality Report
guidelines increased
for:
a. Protected Waters 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
and Shellfish (2021)
harvesting for Public
Consumption (Class
"SA")
b. Tourism and 100 100 100 100 100 100
Contact Recreation
(Class "SB")
c. Food Production 100 100 100 100 100 100
and Non-Contact
Recreation (Class
"SC")
Percentage of 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 DENR DENR-1
monitored cities (2021) Monitoring
within Ambient Air Report
Guidelines (PM 10 and
PM 2.5) increased
No. of housing units TBD 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 DHSUD Report DHSUD-1
established increased
Number of 6,762 1,600 2,800 2,700 2,300 2,200 2,150 DENR DENR-1
agricultural and Monitoring
residential land free Report
patents issued to
women and men
sustained
Male 2,950 950 1,692 1,642 1,402 1,357 1,342
Female 3,812 650 1,108 1,058 898 843 808
Ilocos Norte 1,359 400 600 600 600 600 600
Male 412 200 322 322 322 322 322
Female 947 200 278 278 278 278 278
Ilocos Sur 2,092 400 800 850 600 550 550
Male 1,224 210 350 420 300 285 300
Female 868 190 450 430 300 265 250
La Union 991 200 600 500 400 400 400
Male 454 180 540 450 360 360 360
Female 537 20 60 50 40 40 40
Pangasinan 2,320 600 800 750 700 650 600
Male 860 360 480 450 420 390 360
Female 1,460 240 320 300 280 260 240

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2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Percentage of 48.80 50.00 57.00 65.00 72.00 79.00 83.00 DILG/DHSUD LGUs, DILG-1,
Municipal /City LGUs (2021) Monitoring DHSUD-1
with Climate Change Report
and Disaster-Risk
improved CLUPs
increased:
Ilocos Norte 26.09 30.00 38.00 47.00 56.00 65.00 73.00
Ilocos Sur 44.12 46.00 52.00 58.00 64.00 70.00 76.00
La Union 65.00 66.00 73.00 83.00 93.00 100.00 100.00
Pangasinan 56.25 62.00 66.00 71.00 75.00 79.00 83.00

114
05
I
ncr
easeI
ncome-
ear
ning
Abi
li
ty
CHAPTER 5
Increase Income-earning Ability

Quality work with quality pay is one of the top priorities of the administration.1 The availability of quality
work and capacitated Filipinos in the region would improve income-earning ability and allow for the
mitigation of socioeconomic risks, allowing the region to harness the fruit of productivity. In the next
six years, the region will reinvigorate job creation to absorb the labor force and focus on upskilling the
populace to be more technology-enabled and adapt to what the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
requires. The extensive development of the capabilities of individuals and families aligned with
emerging skills in the 21st century, effective employment facilitation processing, and efficient social
labor market partnership are crucial aspects in increasing the income-earning ability of the people in
the region.

The number of technical and vocational arresting this decline involves continuous
education and training (TVET) graduates upgrading of the training modalities and
steadily increased from 2017 to 2019. The facilities, and the implementation of new and
gain, however, was reversed due to the relevant training programs and modules.
occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic,
Labor and employment situation recovered
bringing the number of graduates to only
from the challenges of the pandemic. From
44,747 in 2020. Restrictions as well affected
the number of graduates since the majority of the region's 58.94 percent economically
the training conducted by TESDA was active population in 2017, the labor force
supposed to be done on an onsite or face-to- participation rate increased to 65.20 percent
face modality. As the restrictions relaxed, by the end of 2021. This means that about 6.3
momentum has been regained slowly as the percent or around 212,000 15 to 64-year-olds
number of graduates increased to 62,318 in were added to the labor force in the past four
2021. years. As for the employment situation, the
region gained momentum reaching as high as
The provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, 94.72 percent employment rate in 2019, from
and Pangasinan showed a decline in the 91.15 in 2017. However, it declined by 8.09
number of certified TVET graduates. An percentage points to 86.63 in 2020 when the
initial response to this was the COVID-19 pandemic struck the country.
implementation of the TESDA Regional Despite the setbacks brought about by the
Training Center 1 (RTC) learning pandemic, the region gradually recovered as
management system and biometric-enabled the employment rate increased to 91.84
scholarship registration system. Moreover, percent by the end of 2021. At the provincial
Chapter 5: Increase Income-earning Ability

119
level, Ilocos Norte had the highest employment rate. Hence, the need to further
employment rate at 96.7 percent in 2021. improve income-earning ability, boost
Meanwhile, from 88.92 percent in 2020, productivity, and facilitate employment in
Ilocos Sur’s employment rate went up to the region.
91.90 percent in 2021. Pangasinan also
experienced a significant increase in its The future of the labor market in the region
employment rate, from 83.64 percent in 2020 follows the national trend of intensified
to 91.3 percent in 2021, while La Union digital transformation in key emerging
gradually regained its employment losses in industries.2 As such, upgrading the
2020, as seen in the increase in its technical-vocational education and higher
employment rate from 85.71 percent in 2020 education curricula remains the priority of
to 89.2 percent in 2021. the region for the next six years to effectively
meet the current and future needs of labor
The lifting of quarantine restrictions and markets (See Subchapter 4.2). Essential to this
the gradual opening of economic activities is forging effective partnerships with the
contributed to the improvement of the industries and private sector to improve the
employment situation in the region. training, program of study, and pedagogy of
Likewise, given the government’s continuous learning institutions. TESDA-1 shall
efforts to provide employment opportunities implement area-based industry training
to the people, DOLE-1 continuously programs to address the skill requirements in
implemented various programs and projects a specific area in the region.
that hastened the recovery of the
employment situation. Among these are the As job tasks continue to shift from routine,
Government Internship Program (GIP), the physical tasks to higher-order, and
Special Program for the Employment of analytical tasks in the advent of the 4IR, the
Students (SPES), the Tulong region needs to update and develop courses
Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged and curricula aligned with the 4IR. The
Worker (TUPAD), and the DOLE Integrated reorientation of the curricular programs shall
Livelihood and Emergency Employment reflect global, national and local job market
(DILEEP). The agency was also active in the trends. Further, these updated
conduct of job fairs in coordination with the interdisciplinary competencies shall be
LGUs through their Public Employment captured in training manuals, modules, and
Service Office (PESO). These efforts provided education curricula. Furthermore, this
an avenue to create more jobs and improve reorientation of higher education curricula
the employment situation in the region. will still be aligned with outcomes-based and
However, the region still fell short of the typology-based quality assurance.3
previous plan’s 2021 target of a 93.20 percent

120
Leaving no one behind is an integral Pangasinan4.
element in Region 1’s vision, and inclusive
capacity enhancement programs for the
The vibrant labor force participation in
youth and marginalized are essential to this
Ilocos Norte can further expand by
aim. Improving the access of young women
continuously developing its existing
and men to scholarships and subsidized
capacity enhancement programs through innovative technologies and approaches.
intensive promotion and targeting programs To note, Ilocos Norte and La Union shall
of the technical-vocational institutions continue to utilize their local job portals to
(TVIs) and relevant line agencies can address help connect their residents with available
the constraints related to the lack of jobs, and this endeavor can be replicated by
resources. In this light, the launch of the Ilocos Sur and Pangasinan. These provinces
JobStart program in 2022 benefitted 400 at shall upgrade their labor market technologies
risk youth in Dagupan City and Rosales, and approaches to make job opportunities
accessible to the communities.
Strategy Framework
To develop and protect the capabilities of capable of facing the challenges of 21st-
individuals and families by increasing their century work. This also entails that income-
income-earning ability, the region will earning opportunities should be available
continuously develop the existing and future and accessible. Attaining this outcome
workforce and ensure job accessibility, connotes convergent efforts and shared
facilitated by an enabling social partnership responsibility among different stakeholders
and shared responsibility in the labor market. in the labor market. The strategy framework
Improving the earning potential of families harmonizes the social, economic, and
and individuals involve fostering innovative, governance strategies to attain the prospects
creative, and capacitated women and men of decent work with quality pay for all.

121
Figure 5.1. Strategy Framework to Increase Income-earning Ability
Strategies
The plan outlines strategies that will further Facilitating an environment of self-help
raise the quality of the workforce in the through decent jobs is part of the non-
region, ensure improved and equitable access mendicant thinking promoted by
to quality jobs, and maintain partnerships sinnaranay. The attainment of this outcome
across different stakeholders to guarantee contributes to the national goal of developing
that a shared labor market governance will be and protecting capabilities while generating
achieved in the next six years. Apart from more quality jobs and competitive products.
increasing the income-earning ability of the It also ensures that the region remains
populace, the strategies also forward equity in committed to promoting sustained, inclusive,
capacity building, employment access, and and sustainable economic growth, gender-
labor market governance that will address the equal and productive employment, and
gender and social class gaps in access to decent work for all as stipulated in SDG 8.
training, education, and employment.

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Outcome 1: Employability Increased
Mainstream gender, green, production, food processing, and furniture
creative, and innovation making to help provide green jobs in the
competencies region.
The region will ensure that industries and

Reorient existing curricular
their workforce are capacitated in gender,
programs to enhance the
green, creative, and innovation competencies
formation of Fourth Industrial
through the provision of relevant training
Revolution (4IR) skills
programs. Furthermore, the labor market
will mainstream these competencies by The reorientation of curricular programs will
having continuous dialogue with the training focus on both knowledge and skill formation
and education institutions to prioritize these in higher education, particularly on the
competencies in developing curricula and myriad of cognitive, social, digital, and
training modules. Mainstreaming these management aptitudes needed in services
competencies and actively advocating for (see Chapter 9) and the industry sector (see
their inclusion in the training programs and Chapter 8). The harmonization of the
skills development activities of organizations, enterprise-based training model in the
HEIs, SUCs, and TVIs can help in creating a education curriculum can also be explored to
labor market that is resilient in the presence ensure that skills development is integrated
of crises. Tapping the Regional Gender and into higher education institutions. Technical
Development Resource Pool, along with panels consisting of industry representatives,
other professional organizations in the education reform experts, faculty
region, to assist in mainstreaming these organizations, and student organizations will
competencies will be explored. By be organized to update, develop, implement,
mainstreaming gender competencies in and monitor responsive curricula that
curriculum and training programs and integrate 4IR skills.5 In updating the curricula
through the expansion of relevant programs and training modules, a comprehensive
and activities aimed at reducing gender bias assessment of the current TVET programs
in the labor market, the region can contribute implemented in the region, including its
to achieving gender equality and continue to accompanying credential mechanisms and
empower all women and girls in the region. skill standards, will commence to improve
The extension services of SUCs and the the quality, pedagogy, and alignment with the
Agricultural Training Institute of DA, DTI, national and international standards (See
and DOST in Region 1 shall provide training Subchapter 4.2).
on nature-based industries such as

123
Ensure education and training Develop innovative and
sectors' alignment with the responsive technical-vocational
labor market requirements and education and training (TVET)
the future of work
The region will focus on improving the
The conduct of regular training needs delivery of TVET, both in private and public
assessment of training institutions will TVIs by encouraging additional investment
address the gaps between the existing and in intensified training and certification of
desired level of competencies. A regular TVI trainers that will improve the state of
foresight activity shall be facilitated involving skills development in the region. To regain
industry groups, regional employer the momentum disrupted due to the
associations, private sector education and pandemic, the TVET program will encourage
training institutions, TESDA-1, CHEd-1, more women participation as it is increasing
DepEd-1, SUCs, HEIs, student organizations, in the past years, and in the short term, will
and DOLE-1, by Regional Development focus its attention to Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur,
Council 1 (RDC-1) and its relevant and Pangasinan with decline in the number
Committees such as the RSDC and RRDIC. of certified TVET graduates. Targeted
This will fortify the inclusion of relevant and training programs for persons in GIDAs,
up-to-date competencies, particularly the PWDs, IPs, women, and socio-economically
green, creative, innovation-related, and challenged families will be made accessible as
gender and development competencies, well through technological uptake of the
making the labor sector more resilient and TVET sector.
ready for possible shocks in the labor market.
In turn, the future working population is In the next six years, the region will explore
more equipped to attain their desired the possible establishment of a regional
employment outcomes and respond to labor TVET innovation center as it will be
market opportunities. instrumental in further developing the area-
based and demand-driven nature of training
The region’s SUCs and HEIs shall further programs that address the skills needs of the
integrate the 4IR framework in their countryside. With the full devolution, LGUs
programs by institutionalizing futures will be the partners of the TESDA-1 in
thinking and foresight approaches in their delivering quality TVET in every province
processes. In this endeavor, the SUCs and and municipality in the region. This also
HEIs can benchmark and replicate the means upskilling the TVI human resources,
current Futures Thinking and Strategic particularly the community training and
Foresight (FTSF) Office at Mariano Marcos employment coordinators (CTECs).
State University (MMSU).

124
Tailor skill development Develop capability
opportunities for different age enhancement programs geared
groups and industries and toward 21st-century skills for
establish mechanisms for youth and marginalized
lifelong learning
The development of community-driven
The region will address differential skills
capacity development programs and
development needs and support efforts in the
expansion of GIPs and SPES crafted for
institutionalization of lifelong learning
youth, marginalized communities in Region
beyond formal education. This also includes
1 shall be pursued through DOLE-1. The
support for the institutionalization and
development of targeted capacity
accreditation of certification programs6 and
enhancement programs will consist of active
recognition of prior learning. The
training needs assessment facilitated by the
development of training modules will also
active participation of trained LGU-
consider the transferability of skills.
employed CTECs and Sangguniang
Acknowledging the diversity in the Kabataan (SK). Thus, a partnership with the
workforce and industries, the region will Local Youth Development Offices in the
provide a platform and incentives for region in the creation, implementation, and
employers to provide a larger array of monitoring of development capacity
enterprise-based training to support enhancement programs will be an essential
continuous upskilling of the workforce (see component of this strategy.7 This ensures that
Chapter 8). Furthermore, with the increasing the capacity enhancement programs will
number of creative industries and emerging consider the needs and clamor of youth not
digital careers, modifications in job content, engaged in education, employment, and
non-standard work arrangements, and gig- training (NEET), thereby addressing the
type of work spur and necessitate continuous access gaps and enticing their participation.
skill development opportunities to enable
The region will continue to enjoin industries,
women and men who may opt to adopt these
civil service, and the private sector to provide
kinds of work (see Chapter 9). Training
onboarding training and capacity building to
centers, micro-credential and mini-
newly hired youth in the labor market to
certification providers, consortia, HEIs,
enhance their capabilities and equip them
government and non-government
with the necessary skills. All these
organizations, and the private sector must
intervention programs should be aligned
leverage the use of online platforms as a
with the policy of lifelong learning and geared
training and education mode of delivery
toward 4IR skills.
while ensuring the integrity of digital
certificates.

125
Outcome 2: Access to employment opportunities expanded
Strengthen public employment Develop innovative

service offices (PESOs) technologies and approaches in
the public and private labor
The PESOs from municipalities and market
provinces serve as the region’s partners in
improving access to employment The Regional Registry of Certified Workers
opportunities. In partnership with DOLE-1 can be linked with the DOLE’s job market
and TESDA-1, the PESOs shall continue to platforms and PESOs around the region,
provide a more proactive service to job making it more responsive to job demands.
facilitation, including the provision of Regional and provincial job fairs, particularly
necessary training for specific skills needed in in areas with high levels of unemployment
the localities. Through this, PESOs not only and youth NEET, can utilize all available
serve as the bridge to communicate the platforms and further innovate their usage to
needed skills and training required by expand their reach even in far-flung areas.
employers but partners in developing these Furthermore, the statistical systems on labor
relevant skills. market information will be further developed
to aid policy makers in crafting policies
In the coming years, the PESOs shall serve as related to employment access. These
localized networks that will have the capacity mechanisms, along with other innovative
to provide vital information on the local job approaches in the private-public sector,
supply and demand. The PESOs shall provide ensure the expansion of a wider clientele.
trends in the local labor market situation,
information that will be needed by local Intensify targeted employment,
education and training institutions in job facilitation services, and
crafting the needed upskilling intervention. sustainable livelihood programs
This will transform the PESOs and LGUs into
becoming anticipatory and proactive in The region will actively promote training,
emerging labor market demands and the employment, and job facilitation services to
needed skills to meet these demands. The women, youth, marginalized, disadvantaged,
LGUs can ensure the expansion, and vulnerable sectors such as PWDs, IPs,
digitalization, and improvement of PESO persons deprived of liberty, and persons
services by increasing their budget living in poverty. This includes the widest
allocations coupled with relevant monitoring dissemination of the GIPs and SPES along
mechanisms. with other programs with similar goals.
Furthermore, the Sustainable Livelihood

126
Programs of government agencies and LGUs strengthening the promotion of
will be intensified by fostering partnerships apprenticeship and other related programs in
with CSOs and the private sector to serve as a job match-making platforms and enjoining
viable income-generating activity for low- the PESOs in the endeavor. These EBT
income households and training grounds for programs in the region shall further improve
households in their entrepreneurial its Dual Training System design11 by
ventures.8 The region will likewise explore capitalizing on technology-based and
formalized partnerships with regional line digitalization tools.
agencies in the implementation of key
employment programs aiding low-income Pursue convergence among
workers at the grassroots such as the Tulong various government flagship
Panghanapbuhay sa TUPAD and the DOLE employment programs for
Integrated Livelihood Program (DILP).9 In OFWs in the region
addressing the youth NEET, TVET
The establishment of a one-stop shop for
promotion and scholarship along with
prospective, current, and returning OFWs
bridging programs that will connect the
containing flagship employment programs
certified youth with possible employers shall
and assistance desks. This will be realized by
be explored through TESDA 1 and the
utilizing and continuously improving the
municipal and provincial PESOs.
Region 1 Kabayan e-Konek Gateway which
provides a link to information on
Encourage equitable industry-
comprehensive migration-related programs
led apprenticeship programs
and services for migrant workers in the
Partnership among emerging industries, region.12 This ensures that the employment
enterprises, training and education policies, programs, and entrepreneurial
providers, and employers’ organizations is funding support are not only available but
essential to ensure the provision of quality easily accessible to OFWs in the region.
and equitable programs.10 The training
The RSDC-1, in partnership with OWWA-1
providers, in partnership with enterprises
and Department of Migrant Workers-1
and workers’ organizations, shall develop an
(DMW-1), will also strengthen its
inclusivity strategy that will include setting
partnership with the associations of OFWs
up specific targets that pay special attention
and their families across the region. In
to improving the participation of
coordination with the DMW-1, along with
disadvantaged groups. Furthermore, the
relevant government agencies in the region,
region will focus on engaging with the public
shall conduct employment seminars on the
and private sectors in the provision of work
list of available local jobs, current
experience to the populace through

127
government employment assistance before deployment, will be one of the
programs, and other entrepreneurial and important strategies in protecting the
livelihood support activities to integrate purchasing power of families while
returning OFWs in the domestic economy. improving the capabilities of displaced
The region will also focus on providing workers. The sustainability of the TUPAD
support to families and dependents of OFWs, and DILEEP will be further explored to
including extensive promotion of scholarship improve these programs, including the
and assistance programs13 for OFWs’ possible extension of these programs so that
dependents and provision of reintegration they are not implemented only during a state
programs through enterprise programs for of calamity. The expansion of the emergency
returning OFWs. employment program necessitates updating
local information processes and systems to
Expand the emergency ensure the availability of workers and their
employment program programmatic deployment. Tapping the
youth NEET through the local SK can also
The expansion of the emergency
serve as a meaningful work experience and
employment program, including the
contribute to the locality at large. See Chapter
provision of the necessary capacity building
6.2.
Outcome 3: Shared labor market governance achieved

labor education programs is a must and this
Promote inclusive participation
has been manifested through the DOLE-1
and equitable access to
capacity development and program dubbed as Intay Adalen!14 These
enhancement programs types of programs can further be expanded
and replicated by other line agencies in the
The private and public sectors in the region delivery of capability-building and
are enjoined to craft capacity development employment-related activities, particularly
and enhancement programs that are because this allows the labor market
inclusive and equitable. Key to this is the stakeholders to participate.
provision of universal access to annual
training programs of government agencies, Engage in continuous tripartism
TVIs, and learning and development and social dialogue
institutions and the widest marketing of the
same to those who need it. Recognizing the Fostering social dialogue through the process
need for inclusive participation and equitable of consultation, negotiation, and
access, capitalizing on digitally-accessible communication between and among

128
employers, workers, and labor organizations rights and establishing help centers to assist
can be a significant step in addressing once these labor rights are violated. The
conflicting interests and finding common rights of the workers include the provision of
ground to establish social stability. This safe working conditions and suitable working
includes enhancing women’s participation environment and this can be attained
and voice in social dialogue for policy- through proper orientation and enforcement
making by inviting the RGADC-1 and of OSH standards. Thus, the region will
regional NGOs on women’s concerns in continue to pursue the extensive regional and
social dialogues. Strengthening the role of the local implementation of the DOH-DOLE-
RTWPB-1 in the promotion of productivity CSC Joint Memorandum Circular No.1,
improvement programs and gainsharing series of 2020 containing the guidelines on
schemes through the conduct of continuous OSH standards for the public sector. The
social dialogue can benefit the region’s DOLE-1, with the help of the LGUs, can
employers and employees alike. proactively conduct regional, provincial, and
local seminars about the Labor Code of the
Safeguard the rights of the Philippines and Workers’ Statutory
workforce and industries Monetary Benefits, as properly simplified
and easily understandable, to employees and
The region will continue to safeguard these
employers to inform them of their rights and
labor rights through wide information-
benefits (See Chapter 4.1).
dissemination campaigns related to workers’
Legislative Agenda
Table 5.1. Legislative Agenda to Increase Income-earning Ability
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
Provincial and local This ordinance is an opportunity for the LGUs to join efforts in ensuring DOLE RO1, LGUs in Region 1
ordinances integrating a vibrant labor market enabled by good governance. Furthermore, this
labor standards, labor allows for a more embedded and localized approach in informing the
laws, and occupational working population of the region of their rights enshrined by the
safety and health in the Philippine Labor Code, Workers’ Statutory Monetary Benefits, and
orientation services Occupational Safety and Health Law.
provided by PESOs
Enactment of the Rural The legislation of this program will formalize the provision and DOLE RO1, LGUs in Region 1
Employment Assistance targeting of employment programs directed to rural communities and
Program Act Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDAs).
Furthermore, this legislation integrates capability building before
deployment, a necessary component of targeted and inclusive skills

129
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
development with the provision of employment. This ensures that

outcomes on increasing employability and improving access to work
opportunities are abetted by national legislation that can be
implemented at a regional level.
Amending the Public The amendments to this act introduce an entrepreneurship DOLE RO1, LGUs in Region 1
Employment Service component and the creation of a Barangay Employment and
Office Act of 1999 Entrepreneurship Office (BEESO). The region will benefit from this
legislation as it will strengthen the role of local PESOs and support the
entrepreneurship roadmap of the region and the country.
Amendment to the The amendment provides a 100 percent share in the wages of SPES DOLE RO1, LGUs in Region 1
Special Program for beneficiaries and will expand the program's reach to the poorest of
Employment of the poor communities. This will allow for the reduction of regional
Students (SPES) Law youth NEET and facilitate school-to-work transition.
Local ordinances This is to ensure that proper support and training are provided to the TESDA RO1, LGUs in Region 1
institutionalizing the CTECs in the region as they are integral in making the training and
Community Training and skills development more inclusive and participatory. Furthermore, this
Employment can further specify their linkage with the PESO in the identification of
Coordinators (CTEC) relevant training needs aligned with the demands of the region’s
within the LGUs populace.
Local Ordinance to An ordinance of LGUs to include and streamline emergency RSDC, RDC, RDC-1
allocate budget and employment programs in their respective budgets. These LGUs
create specific activities can provide emergency employment aligned with their respective
related to emergency mandates to assist the employment efforts of the region.
employment
Results Matrix
Table 5.2. Result Matrix: Increase the Income-earning Ability

INDICATORS
Chapter Outcome: Increase income-earning ability
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Employability increased
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Access to employment opportunities expanded
Sub-Chapter Outcome 3: Shared labor market governance achieved
% of youth not in 11-13%
education,
employment, nor PSA LFS DOLE-1
training decreased
(NEET)

130
INDICATORS
Tertiary graduates 21,150 Increasing PSA Labor Force
RSDC-1, RDC
increased (2021) Survey
TVET graduates 62,318 Increasing PSA Labor Force
RSDC-1, RDC
increased (2021) Survey
Labor force 65.20 66.0- 67.0- 67.5- 68.0- 68.0- 68.5-
participation rate (2021) 67.0 68.0 68.5 69.0 69.0 69.5
increased
Womena 48.3 Increasing
(2019
October)
Mena 78.4 Increasing
(2019
October) PSA Labor Force
RSDC-1, RDC
Survey
Ilocos Norte 77.60 77.0- 77.0- 77.0- 77.5- 77.5- 78.0-
(2021) 78.0 78.0 78.0 78.5 78.5 79.0
Ilocos Sur 60.40 60.0- 61.5- 62.0- 62.5- 62.5- 62.5-
(2021) 61.0 62.0 63.0 63.5 63.5 63.5
La Union 65.00 65.0- 66.5- 67.0- 67.0- 67.5- 67.5-
(2021) 66.0 67.0 68.0 68.0 68.5 68.5
Pangasinan 63.70 63.5- 64.5- 65.0- 65.5- 66.5- 66.5-
(2021) 64.5 65.0 66.0 66.5 67.5 67.5
Employment rate 91.80 93.5- 93.5- 94.0- 94.0- 94.0- 94.0-
increased (2021) 94.5 94.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0
Womena 94.5 Increasing
(2021
October)
Mena 95.0 Increasing
(2021
October) PSA Labor Force
RSDC-1, RDC
Ilocos Norte 96.70 96.0- 96.0- 96.0- 96.0- 96.0- 96.0- Survey
(2021) 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 97.0
Ilocos Sur 91.90 92.0- 92.0- 92.0- 92.0- 92.0- 92.0-
(2021) 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0
La Union 89.20 89.0- 89.0- 89.5- 89.5- 90.5- 91.0-
(2021) 90.0 90.0 90.5 90.5 91.5 92.0
Pangasinan 91.30 91.0- 91.0- 91.0- 91.0- 91.5- 91.5-
(2021) 92.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 92.5 92.5
Total 341.03 342.8- 332.3- 316.0- 307.0- 297.5- 288.0-
underemployed (2021) 355.8 344.3 329.5 317.0 308.0 296.0
persons decreased
('000)
PSA Labor Force
Womena NDA Decreasing RSDC-1, RDC
Survey
a
Men NDA Decreasing
Ilocos Norte 9.57 Decreasing
(2021)

131
INDICATORS
Ilocos Sur 43.46 Decreasing
(2021)
La Union 48.11 Decreasing PSA Labor Force
RSDC-1, RDC
(2021) Survey
Pangasinan 239.89 Decreasing
(2021)
a
Based on the 2021 Women and Men in the Ilocos Region Statistical Handbook prepared by the Philippine Statistics Authority Regional
Statistical Services Office 1
1
Balisacan, Arsenio. 2022 August 18. Rapid Growth, High-Quality Jobs Key to Poverty Reduction and Attaining High-Income Status-NEDA.
National Economic and Development Authority. https://neda.gov.ph/rapid-growth-high-quality-jobs-key-to-poverty-reduction-and-
attaining-high-income-status-neda/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rapid-growth-high-quality-jobs-key-to-poverty-
reduction-and-attaining-high-income-status-neda
2
Department of Labor and Employment-Bureau of Local Employment. 2022. JobsFit 2022: Labor Market Information Report.
http://ble.dole.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/JobsFit-2022-Labor-Market-Information-Report.pdf
3
CHED Memorandum Order No. 46, series of 2012 titled “Policy-Standard to Enhance Quality Assurance (QA) in Philippine Higher Education
through an Outcomes-Based and Typology-Based QA”. See the full memorandum order here http://www.pacu.org.ph/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2017/03/CMO-No.46-s2012.pdf
4
Sta. Ana-Valdez, A. 2022 February 21. Jobstart Rolls Out in Region I, at least 400 Youth to Benefit. DOLE Regional Office 1.
https://ro1.dole.gov.ph/news/jobstart-rolls-out-in-region-i-at-least-400-youth-to-benefit/
5
This will involve partnership of industry groups, regional employer associations, private sector educational and training institutions, TESDA,
CHEd, DepEd, SUCs, HEIs, student organizations, and DOLE, along with Regional Development Council 1 (RDC-1) relevant committees
such as the Regional Social Development Committee (RSDC) and Regional Research, Development, and Innovation Committee (RRDIC)
6
Also referred to as micro-credentialing or short, targetted training and mini-certficate courses that can be credited to degree acquisition. The
International Labour Organization recognizes the rise of micro-credential courses and its role in upskilling. See the full description here
https://www.ilo.org/asia/media-centre/news/WCMS_793064/lang--en/index.htm
7
In 2021, the Regional Development Council-1 (RDC-1), through the RDC-1 Resolution No. 53, enjoins the LGUs for the establishment of full
time Local Youth Development Offices within their jurisdiction.
8
The region will be starting with the current SLPs, but these can be further expanded with the help of other line agencies programs and activities
to make the activity more targetted and systematic. See the full program of the DSWD is available through
https://fo1.dswd.gov.ph/programs/poverty-reduction-programs/sustainable-livelihood-program/
9
Endeavors like this are attainable. In 2022, a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between PNP LUPPO and DOLE RO1 was forged to
strengthen partnership in the delivery of DOLE services closer to far-flung communities. See full report here https://ro1.dole.gov.ph/news/in-
region-1-dole-firms-up-ties-with-pnp-to-reach-grassroots/
10
The International Labor Organization (ILO) enumerates six building blocks of a quality apprenticeship systems that can be used to assess the
programs of the region. These are meaningful social dialoge, robust regulatory framework, clear roles and responsibilities, equitable funding
arrangemetns, strong labor market relevance, and inclusiveness. This is based on ILO Toolkit for Quality Apprenticeships, Volume 2: Guide
for Practitioners (2020). See the full toolkit here https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/apprenticeships/publications/toolkit/WCMS_748751/lang--
en/index.htm
11
The Dual Training System is designed to make sure that learners are capacitated with practical skills while ensuring that they are also fluent to
the theoretical portions of their work. See full description here https://tesda.gov.ph/about/tesda/91
12
RDC-1 Resolution No. 64, series 2021 titled “Adopting the Kabayan E-Konek Gateway and Enjoining All Government Entities and Private
Sector to Support the Roll-Out of the Kabayan E-Konek in Region 1”.
13
This includes the Education for Development Scholarship Program (EDSP), OFW Dependent Scholarship Program (ODSP), and Education
and Livelihood Assistance Program for the Dependents of Deceased OFW Members (ELAP) designed for families of OFWs.
14
The Intay Adalen! Program is spearheaded by DOLE RO1 to deliver essential information related to general labor standards (GLS),
occupational safety and health (OSH) standards, work ethics and values, workplace productivity, among other essential labor market-related
topics. See full report here https://ro1.dole.gov.ph/news/intay-adalen-dole-region-1-launches-online-labor-educ-sessions/

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06
ReduceVul
nerabi
li
tiesand
Prot
ectPur
chasi
ngPower
CHAPTER 6
Reduce Vulnerabilities and

Protect Purchasing Power
The purchasing power of Filipinos is affected by sudden increases in prices of basic commodities,
particularly food. Hence, improving food security is one way to reduce families’ vulnerability and create
a resilient, inclusive, and prosperous region. In protecting the purchasing power of Filipinos, excessive
out-of-pocket healthcare payments need reduction, and risks and hazards need to be addressed. Social
protection can be a powerful tool to alleviate poverty and inequality as it provides more inclusive and
sustainable development pathways to address risks and hazards. Thus, food security, proper nutrition,
and social protection remain a priority to protect individuals’ and families’ purchasing power and to
safeguard their economic productivity.In the next six years, protecting the purchasing power of families
and individuals through pathways that enhance the production of healthy food to ensure proper
nutrition for all will be prioritized. Consequently, the region recognizes the importance of social
protection programs and an integrated social protection system. By 2028, risks and hazards in the
region will become more manageable with integrated, modern, and inclusive social protection in place.
Subchapter 6.1 Ensure Food Security and

Proper Nutrition
Food security and proper nutrition wastage through a circular economy
accentuate the need to ensure both physical approach, hastens innovation on food-
and economic access to sufficient, safe, and related products, and directly contributes to
nutritious food. Attaining this outcome SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and
subsumes strategies on the availability of Well-being), and 12 (Responsible
nutritious food, undertakes action on food Consumption and Production).

The supply of food commodities in the improvement in the nutritional status of
region except root crops remained more children in terms of reducing stunting and
than adequate from 2017 to 2021 which wasting of 0-59 months old children but the
may be attributed to the government’s prevalence of overweight children increased
initiatives to enhance the efficiency and in 2021 compared to its 2017 level. On the
productivity of the agri-fisheries sector. other hand, the food inflation rate continued
The high supply of food commodities in the to increase surpassing the target of 4.0
region may have contributed to the percent in 2021.
Chapter 6: Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power

137
Food inflation accelerated. From 2.2 percent percent during the five years. All crops except
in 2019, food inflation increased to 4.8 corn recorded a declining sufficiency level,
percent in 2021. Internal and external attributed mainly to the adverse effects of
pressures contributed to this performance, weather disturbances including the
such as the lingering effect of the pandemic, increasing prices of fertilizers and other
severe weather conditions, the onslaught of production inputs.
ASF, fuel price increases, and supply chain
disruption. The inflation rate in Pangasinan The incidence of stunting and wasting
consistently increased from 2019 to 2021. among 0-59 months old children recorded
The highest inflation rate was also recorded a decreasing trend, while overweight
in the province at 5.6 percent in 2021. On the children increased. Compared to the 2017
other hand, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and La data of 5.94 percent, the proportion of
Union showed a fluctuating trend from 2019 children who were shorter relative to their
to 2021. age declined. By the end of 2021, the
prevalence of stunted children was recorded
Faster inflation rates for meat, corn, and at 4.21 percent. However, while this
vegetables contributed to higher food accomplishment showed a positive
inflation in 2021. Among the food performance, it still fell short of the target to
commodities, meat recorded the highest reduce stunting to 2.1 percent by the end of
inflation at 13.5 percent, higher than the 6.6 2021. The decreasing trend was observed
percent inflation in 2020. This was followed across all provinces. Pangasinan consistently
by corn inflation at 10.4 percent and had the lowest incidence of stunting, with a
vegetables inflation at 7.0 percent. Both 4.02 prevalence in 2017 to 3.03 in 2021.
commodities increased by 1.7 and 1.4 Meanwhile, the region’s incidence of wasting
percentage points, respectively compared to among children under five also recorded a
2020. The increased inflation figures of these decreasing trend from 2.37 percent in 2017 to
food commodities can be attributed to the 1.60 percent in 2021. Among the provinces,
onslaught of ASF and also the unfavorable La Union improved the most on the
weather conditions and typhoons that proportion of children who have low weight
directly hit the region. relative to their height, from 3.01 in 2017 to
1.04 percent in 2021. The positive
Food security is high in the region as food performance in reducing stunting and
sufficiency rates exceeded 100 percent. wasting among 0-59 months old children was
Almost all commodities in the region attributed to the intensified advocacy and full
remained more than adequate with above 100 implementation of Republic Act (RA) No.
percent sufficiency level. Only root crops 11148, ensuring focus on the First 1000 (F1K)
registered a sufficiency level below 100 days of life. On the contrary, the prevalence

138
of overweight children in the region had the most recorded incidence of
increased from 2.58 percent in 2017 to 3.00 overweight children, with 4.57 percent by the
percent in 2021. The province of Ilocos Sur end of 2021.
Strategy Framework
The problem of food insecurity and food security and proper nutrition
malnutrition necessitates a whole-of-society underscores an integrated, multi-
approach that takes into account not only stakeholder, and synergetic sinnaranay
bridging the supply and demand of food but approach to stabilize the supply of affordable
also strengthening governance and and nutritious food that meets the demand of
institutional support related to food security the populace (See Figure 6.1.1).
and nutrition. The Strategy Framework on
Figure 6.1. Strategy Framework to Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition

139
Strategies
This sub-chapter focuses on strategies quality food for all at affordable prices, with
catering to the goal of healthy and high- provision for those who are in need.
Outcome 1: Sufficient and stable supply of food commodities

attained
Improve regional productivity Diversification, consolidation,

or clustering of farms
Improving agricultural productivity will
contribute to the achievement of sufficient This strategy takes advantage of the concept
and stable food supply in the region. of economies of scale. Farm clustering or
Continuous provision of agricultural inputs consolidation will be cost-advantageous to
and capital, along with proper capacitation to farmers as a result of the increased scale of
farmers and fisherfolks will be prioritized operations or production. This also involves
with DA-1 and BFAR-1 as the lead. This the integration of government interventions
includes improving logistics systems (See such as the provision of loans, farm
Chapters 7 and 13) and management to mechanization, seeds, fertilizers, and market
reduce food losses across the supply chain support to organized farmers or fisherfolk
and temper food prices. Addressing this groups. In addition, the farmers, particularly
concern includes ramping up investment in those involved in the production of rice, corn,
logistic systems related to product handling and coconut, will be encouraged and
and storage such as warehouse and cold supported to diversify into other
storage facilities, along with deploying commodities such as vegetables and other
innovative cold chain technologies, high-value seasonal crops to increase their
upgrading warehouses, and additional food incomes (see Chapter7). The region will
terminals.2 Furthermore, the region must promote the National Color-Coded
scale up its efforts towards clustered farms to Agriculture Guide Map (NACCAG)
attain economies of scale and a subsequently developed under the Adaptation and
higher level of efficiency throughout the Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture (AMIA)
value chain (See Chapter 7). program of DA.

140
Adoption of improved Improve access of primary
technologies producers to production inputs
Climate change tends to alter the productive The region, through the DA-1, BFAR-1, DTI-
capacity of agriculture and fishery systems, 1 in collaboration with the LGUs will
creating scarcity and generating food price improve the access of primary producers to
shocks. Thus, the adoption of improved production inputs. Related to this is the
technologies, both climate- and disaster- realization of the Farm-to-Market Road
resilient technologies will be mainstreamed (FMR) Network Plan that will harmonize
in the region’s agri-fishery strategy (See FMR projects (See Chapter 13) and the
Chapter 7). Furthermore, bringing climate- development of regional coastal areas-to-
resilient agriculture to local communities in market roads (See Chapter 7), easing
the region requires convergent efforts connectivity and logistic concerns. In line
between regional line agencies (RLAs) and with this, the plan adopts the RSS,
LGUs. In this endeavor, increasing and particularly the construction of a fully
upgrading AMIA sites will be considered to functional road network linking the centers,
improve the resiliency of the agri-fishery corridors, and wedges with one another and
sector in the region. with the rest of the nation. The National
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization
The continuing capacitation of farmers and Plan (NAFMIP) 2021-2030 also identified
fisherfolks on climate-resilient practices and Urdaneta City, Dagupan City, Tayug in
technologies, along with the scaling up of the Pangasinan and Candon City, Vigan City,
production and provision of drought-, pest- and Santa Maria in Ilocos Sur as focal areas
and flood-tolerant crop varieties are seen as for the development of additional
ways forward. Anent to this is the partnership transshipment centers and food and market
with universities and colleges, with the terminals (See Chapter 7). For this plan
support from the DA and DOST, in period, Tayug (Pangasinan) is identified as
continuously developing production-related the priority pilot site for a Bagsakan
research and development centered on Center/food terminal subject to feasibility
disaster-resilient food production. Pursuant studies (See Chapter 2). The realization and
to this is the intensified local-level research regional implementation of the Roads
on the intersections of climate change and Leveraging Linkages of Industry and Trade
food security at the regional scope, with a (ROLL IT) 2.0—Logistics Efficiency and
focus on GIDAS and regional green wedges. Transport Seamlessness to Enhance
Agribusiness Trade (LETS EAT Program)
will be integral in the enhancement of food
logistics by improving connectivity, further

141
augmenting efforts in improving value chain coordination with the LGUs. Food
efficiency in the region. The market-linking commodities with high or more than 100
activities of DA will also be intensified, percent sufficiency level can be offered to
linking food suppliers to institutional buyers. other regions. Continuous monitoring of
Likewise, the LGUs, pursuant to the agri-fishery production will also be done in
implementation of EO No. 138, will also have coordination with other regions with
the responsibility to provide local production shortages. This will help ensure
infrastructure services - from provincial to food security and stable inflation not just in
barangay roads and bridges, which are the locality but in the whole country.
essential in improving access to agricultural
products and services in the region. Promote and incentivize urban
and backyard farming
Through the inclusion of major stakeholders,
particularly the farmers and fisherfolks, and Ensuring food security also includes the
by encouraging the involvement of women participation of the whole community, even
and youth in the agri-fishery sector (See down to the household level. Partnership
Chapter 7), the region will reap the benefit of with the provincial, municipal, and city
an improved production value chain. The agriculture office (P/M/CAO) in the
region also recognizes the role of women and implementation of food security projects of
youth in the production, aggregation, line agencies and distribution of inputs like
processing, and distribution of food products fruit and vegetable seeds to communities will
and aims to integrate a gender-sensitive value be intensified. Urban and backyard farmers
chain framework within its value chain need up-to-date knowledge about growing
systems. methods, innovative business models, and
indoor farming best practices to thrive and
Promote and facilitate regional remain sustainable. Key to this is
trade empowering communities through training
and capability building on urban agriculture
Ensuring ample supply of food production in by tapping regional training centers, SUCs
the country will lessen the country’s offering agriculture programs, and the local
vulnerability to supply chain disruptions and agriculture offices within each LGU. The
most importantly contribute to lower food DepEd-1 and its individual schools, along
inflation. Promoting and facilitating regional with the local and barangay government
trade strategy includes the identification of units, can explore a partnership with the
regions with production surplus that can Agricultural Training Institute-Regional
supply other regions with production deficit Training Center 1 (ATI-RTC1) in the
as identified by DA-1 and BFAR-1 in provision of training related to edible

142
landscaping, modern urban gardening Intensify measures to reduce
methods, among other farming methods that and prevent food loss and
can be done in communities. waste
The region will continue to enjoin the LGUs Modernizing the agri-fishery sector (See
to mainstream urban agriculture and edible Chapter 7) will address the farm-stage food
landscaping in their development and spatial losses and wastes, while the improvement in
plans, particularly in CLUP, Local Climate the transport, storage, and processing
Change Action Plan (LCCAP), and facilities as enumerated above will contribute
Provincial Development and Physical to the reduction in food loss and waste
Framework Plan (PDPFP) (See Chapter 16). incurred in various stages of the food
Relevant RLAs can also venture on forging production value chain. Furthermore,
agreements with LGUs to vigorously enterprises are enjoined to adopt food waste
promote urban and backyard farming in the reduction strategies through a circular
region, along with the provision of available economy approach to ensure that food waste
resources to start community gardening. The reduction strategies are implemented across
replication, expansion, and implementation the different sectors.
of programs such as the National Urban and
The region will likewise encourage the LGUs
Peri-Urban Agriculture Program (NUPAP)
to enact policies on food waste management,
of the DA and Halina’t Magtanim ng Prutas
implement projects such as facilities for safe
at Gulay (HAPAG) sa Barangay project of the
food redistribution and community
DILG will be explored in the region to further
composting facilities, and align these
support the urban and backyard farming
programs, projects, and activities (PPAs)
endeavor of the region. Community
with the Philippine Action Plan for
Empowerment through Science and
Sustainable Consumption and Production
Technology (CEST) can also be tapped
(PAP4SCP). The DOST-1, SUCs, and the
towards this direction, providing direct
private sector shall venture into R&D, as well
support through capacitation and equipment
as innovating technologies, related to
augmentation.
transforming the agri-food waste into value-
adding commodities and products. By
strengthening investment promotion
directed to the regional FICs, they can
develop technologies and products that will
address the concern of food loss and waste.

143
Outcome 2: Access of consumers to affordable, safe, and
nutritious food expanded
based on the identified priority agriculture
Expand food innovation centers
commodities and nutritional needs of their
to work on highly nutritious
food at a lower cost respective communities. Furthermore, the
region will continue to encourage and assist
The provincial DOST offices shall facilitate the SUCs and HEIs to submit proposals for
linking activities with possible investors and the creation of new regional innovation
assist stakeholders in accessing the existing centers related to food development.
centers, such as the FIC at Pangasinan State
University (PSU) and MMSU. The FICs in Scale up efforts to link food
PSU and MMSU have developed food demand and supply
products hailed as not only marketable but
also innovative. Thus, tapping these two Bringing safe, affordable, and nutritious
centers, as well as continuously developing foods to the communities will be adopted by
new FICs can be instrumental in developing the region. Intensifying the Kadiwa on-
affordable, safe, and nutritious food for all. wheels of DA-1 and the rolling store program
Similarly, the FICs in the region can fortify of DTI-1 will be instrumental in ensuring
their collaboration with the DTI-1 to foster that affordable food supply meets the
linkage with the region’s MSMEs, expanding demands. To augment the efforts of linking
their reach at the local level. Partnerships food demand and supply, the marketing
with RLAs in the promotion of these roadmaps of the trade and agriculture sectors
developed food products shall be seized to will be integrating the emerging platforms of
ensure not only marketability but also interaction, particularly various online
affordability and access in areas that need it marketing platforms and social networking
most. The outputs of FICs shall be mapped sites used as e-commerce facilities.
based on the priority commodities of the
Scaling up efforts linking food demand and
region (i.e. mango, peanut, onion, garlic,
supply requires effective partnership and
coffee, cacao, corn, bamboo, tobacco, goat,
involves intensive collaboration among
bangus, salt, mungbean, dragon fruit, and
government agencies, the private sector, and
tomato) and their operations can be linked
NGOs. The DSWD-1, along with the LGUs,
with the region’s agriculture and trade sector
will be strengthening its partnership with the
to ensure that the necessary inputs are
local community cooperatives, sustainable
sufficiently provided (See Chapter 7). The
livelihood program associations, and farmers
LGUs shall collaborate with the FICs in terms
and fisherfolk organizations to serve as
of both product development and marketing

144
product providers for their feeding micronutrient deficiency and ensure that
programs. The DA-1 and DOST-1 will nutrition is captured in its campaign towards
intensify their partnership with the DepEd-1, food security. In line with this, the region will
DSWD-1, and the National Nutrition continuously develop and innovate its food
Council-1 (NNC-1) in the provision of fortification initiatives, particularly of staple
fortified, innovative, and locally produced foods and commonly-consumed food
food products in their supplementary feeding products. Biofortification, or fortifying food
programs, particularly targeting crops, can also be further explored. In the
communities in the region with a high level next six years, the partnership of RLAs with
of wasting and malnutrition. Apart from the national and international research
tapping into the local food systems, the institutions (e.g. Philippine Rice Research
LGUs, in partnership with the DOH CHD-1 Institute, International Rice Research
and NNC-1, can capacitate local-level food Institute [IRRI], DOST, Food and Nutrition
chains and traditional karinderyas in Research Institute [FNRI]) to study
delivering community-based nutrition fortification methods will be further
initiatives. encouraged.
In addition, the implementation of Producer Ensuring access and consumption of fortified

to Consumer (P2C) programs in the region food products necessitates strong marketing
will be explored to temper the rising food and integration of these products in food
prices by directly linking local producers with terminals, schools, and markets. Thus, the
MSMEs. In the short term, the provinces of partnership among the LGUs, DA-1, NNC-1,
Ilocos Norte1, Ilocos Sur, and Pangasinan can DOST-1, DTI-1, and the education sector
implement similar programs to temper the (DepEd-1, SUCs, HEIs) will be integral in
fluctuating level of food inflation which mainstreaming fortified food products.
requires collaborative efforts between Intensified IEC campaigns can be launched
producers, the private sector, and LGUs. to address the common misconceptions
about fortifying food products and encourage
Strengthen research and more adoption among the populace. The
development (R&D) on food implementation of the Sangkap Pinoy Seal
fortification and ensure the Program (SPSP) strategy in the region will
access of the public to fortified encourage food manufacturers to fortify
food processed foods or food products with
essential nutrients at levels approved by the
The region remains committed to the tenets DOH CHD-1.
of RA No. 8976 or the “Philippine Food
Fortification Act of 2000” to combat

145
Ensure compliance with food among others. Furthermore, the region shall
safety standards and vigorously enjoin its citizenry to buy locally produced
promote locally-produced products through market trade fairs, support
products the Buy Local, Go Lokal! Program,21 craft
local ordinances supportive of local products,
All the provinces in the region have been
and continuously promote provincial and
implementing training programs for MSMEs
municipal One-Town-One-Product (OTOP)
on hygiene and food safety, and these
hubs.
programs will be intensified in the next six
years. Regular and systematic food safety and
Promote private investment in
food handling seminars in all the provinces
facilities, transport, and
ensures that workers in the food industry are
logistics systems
capacitated with food safety standards.
Furthermore, the region remains committed Given the high agricultural production in the
to Halal food product standards. Regulatory region, addressing logistic concerns and
mechanisms, consistent with RA No. 10611 making the food production value chain
or the “Food Safety Act of 2013”, will also be more efficient remains to be the forefront
strengthened to ensure the adherence to food strategy in tempering high food prices and
safety standards of enterprises and food managing food wastage. Thus, the region will
producers. The region will also explore continue to promote private investment in
capacitating consumers and stakeholders on facilities, transport and logistics systems to
nutrition labeling through the conduct of bring safe and nutritious food closer to
training workshops and seminars related to consumers. Investments in AFF infrastructure
regulatory requirements of nutrition will be guided by existing national agriculture
labeling, its purpose, importance, and planning tools and information systems such as
relevance to good nutrition. the Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Management Information System and
Apart from food safety, the region will Geographic Information System for
develop a roadmap for the development and Agricultural and Fisheries Machinery and
marketing of locally-produced products Infrastructure (GEOAGRI) Portal, National
which includes the innovation of Region 1’s Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization and
major strategic food commodities. The Industrialization Plan (NAFMIP), National
provinces, with the assistance of RLAs, shall Irrigation Master Plan, Fisheries Management
further advance R&D, production capacity, Area (FMA) plans, various commodity
and marketing of various food items, roadmaps. In addition, the RDC-1 will ensure
particularly dragon fruit, garlic, shallot, that relevant programs will be implemented
eggplant, corn, milkfish, mango products, to ensure efficiency in the production,

146
processing, manufacturing, and distribution provided to agriculture smallholders (See
of food products; and sufficient support is Chapter 7).
Outcome 3: Nutrition across all ages improved

programs to the local level can effectively
Intensify early detection
combat nutrition-specific deficiencies.
measures of nutrition-specific
deficiencies at the local level To prevent stunting and help children with
To address inadequate nutrition among their physical and intellectual growth during
pregnant women and adolescent mothers, their first few years of life, Region 1 will
the region will be pouring efforts into early continue to implement Republic Act (RA)
identification and management of 11148 or the First 1000 Days Law that puts
nutritionally at-risk pregnant women and emphasis on maternal health and nutrition,
dietary supplementation through the newborn care, infant and young child
provision of ready-to-use supplementary feeding, and early childhood care and
food (RUSF). The LGUs are encouraged to development services. In learning
institutionalize early detection mechanisms institutions, DepEd’s policy on healthy food
through regular and affordable dietary and beverages in schools and DepEd Offices
assessment, physical examination, and will be strengthened, particularly in the
laboratory tests for pregnant women in their province of Ilocos Sur to address its slightly
communities. high level of overweight among children. The
School-Based Feeding Program initiated by
The provision of routine newborn care the DepEd with the help of the DOH and the
services at the local, barangay level and the LGUs will be sustained with its Milk Feeding
continuous capacitation of barangay and Component to further improve the students’
municipal health workers on early detection, nutritional status in daycare, kindergarten,
monitoring, and reporting of nutrition- and elementary schools.
specific deficiencies contribute to improving
nutrition at the local level. The birthing Strengthen information,
centers, clinics, rural health centers, and education, and communication
hospitals in the region shall integrate (IEC) campaigns on eating
nutrition counseling and provision of nutritious food and promotion
nutritious food and meals at the facility, most of healthy lifestyles across
especially for women who gave birth to social institutions
identified high-risk babies. Bringing these
The LGUs and RLAs will take the lead in
intensifying IEC campaigns in the promotion

147
of nutritious food and a healthy lifestyle. offices (MHO) will be continuously
These IECs should also include the provision capacitated to be able to provide accurate
of relevant information on programs and lifestyle advice, conduct expanded screening
projects related to nutrition to ensure tests, spearhead immunization and
unhampered access among the populace. The vaccination drives, and perform regular
formulation and implementation of a unified maternal and child care check-ups at the local
Regional and Local Health Promotion level (See Chapter 4.1).
Program will be explored to provide timely,
accurate, and culturally-relevant health Accelerate the development
information to the constituencies of the and implementation of local-
region. This will ensure that general health level nutrition-specific and
information is accessible and that a unified nutrition-sensitive enabling
data platform for local health promotion is interventions
available.
Mainstreaming the Regional Plan of Action
The promotion of a healthy lifestyle is not for Nutrition (RPAN) programs into the local
limited to diet and food-related strategies, setting is the first step in the integration and
but also includes the adoption of an active adoption of nutrition-specific, nutrition-
lifestyle, positive mental health (See Chapter sensitive, and enabling programs into local
4.1), and good social relations. In this development plans. This will be done by
endeavor, the LGUs shall adopt, replicate, integrating key programs under the RPAN in
and implement relevant advocacy and health the Nutrition Action Plans (NAPs) of the
promotion programs under the Health provinces. In addition, the Sangguniang
Promotion Playbook for nutrition, active Bayan will also be encouraged to localize the
transport, hygiene, immunization, tobacco RPAN in the form of Local Nutrition Action
use reduction, mental health, sexual and Plan to eradicate malnutrition in their
reproductive health, and safety released localities. Complementary efforts such as
under the Healthy Pilipinas platform capacity building dedicated to
launched by the DOH, together with the local Nutritionist-Dieticians, Barangay
Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Association Environment and Nutrition Scholars
of the Philippines (PHAP) and United States (BEANS), and local health professionals in
Agency for International Development the provinces can be explored to further
(USAID). Furthermore, to promote healthy improve the implementation of various
lifestyle choices, the LGUs shall strengthen nutrition-deficiency reduction programs. In
their preventative health services through partnership with the FNRI-DOST, the LGUs
their local health centers. The barangay can conduct regular Malnutrition Reduction
health stations (BHS) and municipal health Programs (MRP) such as the Package for the

148
Improvement of Nutrition of Young integrated with disaster risk reduction and
Children (PINOY). The expansion of the management (See Subchapter 6.2).
Early Childhood Care and Development
(ECCD) in the First 1000 days (F1K) Improve nutrition governance
program, particularly the 90-day Dietary at the local level
Supplementation Program (DSP), will
The implementation of the barangay, city,
continue to reduce the number of stunting in
municipal, provincial, and regional nutrition
the region and provide maternal postnatal
action plans necessitate a whole-of-
care. In the short term too, special attention
government approach to be fully realized.
on the provision of nutrition-specific and
The LGUs, in coordination with relevant
nutrition-sensitive enabling interventions to
health and nutrition agencies, will exercise
children 0-59 years old should be given to
general supervision and control in the
Adams and Currimao in Ilocos Norte, Sta.
implementation of nutrition-related
Cruz in Ilocos Sur, and Dagupan City in
programs and strategies at the local level.
Pangasinan given the high incidence of
While RLAs implement nutrition-specific
wasting and underweight in these localities in
programs, the LGUs will be encouraged to
2021.
provide counterpart programs and resources
All the LGUs will continue to deliver for implementation.
nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive
The Nutrition Shepherding Team of Region
interventions during emergencies and
13 will continue to provide interface and
disasters, consistent with the National Policy
mentorship to all the LGUs in the span of the
on Nutrition in Emergencies. In line with
plan period, particularly in advancing their
this, the health and nutrition professionals at
nutrition-related campaigns consistent with
the local level can be involved in disaster
the Philippine and RPAN and in the
prevention and mitigation, preparedness,
formulation of their respective LPAN.
response, and recovery and rehabilitation.
Starting with Mangatarem and Tayug in
These policies can be integrated into the
Pangasinan as pilot areas in 2022,4 Regional
LPAN of LGUs to hasten the creation and
Nutrition Shepherding Team will continue to
implementation of programs related to
expand shepherding programs to further
nutrition during emergencies. The LGUs can
strengthen and capacitate the LGUs, up to the
include the provision of ready-to-use
municipal and barangay levels on nutrition
complementary foods in the food packs
governance. This involves the
provided to families with 6-23 months old
institutionalization of a nutrition committee
children during emergencies and disasters in
at the local level that will implement the
their respective LDRRMP.2 This will ensure
nutrition action plan and strengthen the
that nutrition-sensitive interventions are

149
linkage between the LGU and relevant RLAs shall also be streamlined in the development
to provide appropriate and up-to-date of local development plans, along with its
services related to nutrition. Integration of inclusion in their respective LPANs.
comprehensive nutrition and health strategy
Legislative Agenda
Table 6.1.1. Legislative Agenda to Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Zero Food Waste Act and These policies are relevant to the local government scope, especially DSWD, NNC, DOH, DTI,
Food Surplus Reduction in areas with high levels of food surplus and food insecurity. This LGUs
Act, along with local empowers local government units to establish their food bank and
ordinances supporting soup kitchens through innovative and safe practices of food surplus
the creation of local reduction, ensuring that the populace in every LGU has access to
government unit food quality food.
banks and soup kitchens
as introduced in the
Pagkain Para sa Lahat
Act
Amendment of RA 8976 or The proposed amendment seeks to resolve gaps and inconsistencies DA, DOST
Food Fortification Law in the Food Fortification Law with RA 11037 (Child Nutrition Act) and RA
10611 (Food Safety Act of 2013), particularly on the roles of
implementing and regulatory agencies. This will be integral in the
region’s food fortification efforts and R&D related to food fortification.
Healthy Food and Seeks to establish a Healthy Food and Beverage Program to be DepEd, CHEd, NNC,
Beverage in Public implemented in all public elementary and secondary schools and DOST
Schools Bill learning institutions. The provision of fortified food, along with healthy
food advocacy, will be integrated into school canteens. With
the increasing cases of overweights among children in Region 1, the
region will benefit from this bill as it promotes healthy food and
beverages in public schools. When approved, this will also help sustain
the decreasing trend of malnutrition in the region.
Ordinance to mainstream Apart from increasing the green spaces in communities, backyard LGUs, DA-1
Backyard Agriculture and agriculture and edible landscaping promote local and sustainable food
Edible Landscaping systems in the region. Furthermore, mainstreaming backyard
agriculture and edible landscaping in various land use and
development plans at the local level will ensure LGUs' commitment to
food security and climate change. These policies will also be
instrumental in the promotion and provision of necessary resources
needed for urban, peri-urban, and rural agriculture. This will also be
fundamental in building the resilience of the region’s food supply,

150
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
especially in areas where the subsistence incidence, or the proportion

of Filipinos whose income is not enough to meet even just the basic
food needs, is higher compared to other provinces in the region.
Ordinance to Establish The creation of a functional nutrition committee with staff RDC, RSDC, NNC, LGUs
LGU Nutrition Offices complement to implement nutrition programs at the level is integral
to the attainment of the region’s health and nutrition goals. With a
Local Nutrition Office, planning and implementation of LGU initiatives
to address malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies will be
anchored to the local nutrition situation. Furthermore, the formulation
of Nutrition Offices will ensure the multi-sectoral and localized
preparation of the Nutrition Action Plans and entail strengthened
shared governance between the LGUs and the national government in
the conduct of nutrition-related interventions.
Results Matrix
Table 6.1.2. Result Matrix: Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS

BASELINE MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Chapter Outcome: Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Food Security and Proper Nutrition Ensured
Food inflation 4.8 2.0-4.0 2.0-4.0 2.0- 2.0- 2.0- 2.0- BSP, DA,
PSA Regional
rate managed (2021) 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 EDSECOM,
Price Indices
RDC-1
Subsistence 4.0 NA 3.0- NA NA 2.5-3.0 NA PSA Poverty

incidence among (2021) 3.5 Statistics Report
RDC-1
population
reduced (%)
Ilocos Norte 0.0 NA 0.0- NA NA 0.0- NA

PG-IN
(2021) 0.75 0.75
Ilocos Sur 4.8 NA 4.25- NA NA 3.5- NA

PG-IS
(2021) 4.5 4.0
La Union 1.5 NA 1.25- NA NA 1.25- NA

PG-LU
(2021) 1.5 1.5
Pangasinan 5.2 NA 4.75- NA NA 4.0- NA

PG-Pang
(2021) 5.0 4.25

151
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Food sufficiency
level sustained
Palay 179 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- PSA Agricultural
DA, EDSECOM
(2021) 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 Indicators System
Corn 244 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- PSA Agricultural DA, EDSECOM
Fruits 175 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- PSA Agricultural DA, EDSECOM
Root crops 87 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- PSA Agricultural DA, EDSECOM
Vegetables 156 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- PSA Agricultural DA, EDSECOM
Legumes 165 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- PSA Agricultural DA, EDSECOM
Meat 200 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- 118.0- PSA Agricultural DA, EDSECOM
Fish 123.2 113.8 115.5 115.9 115.8 114.4 114.3 PSA Agricultural DA-BFAR,
(2021) Indicators System EDSECOM
Prevalence of 4 4.01 3.91 3.81 3.71 3.61 3.51

stunting among (2021) Operation
children under 5 Timbang (OPT) NNC, LGUs
years of age Plus
decreased
Ilocos Norte 8 5.2–6.2 5.2– 5.2– 5.2– 5.2– 5.2– Operation NNC, LGUs
(2021) 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 Timbang (OPT)
Plus
Ilocos Sur 7 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Operation NNC, LGUs
(2021) Timbang (OPT)
Plus
La Union 5 2.9-3.9 2.9-3.9 2.9- 2.9- 2.9- 2.9- Operation NNC, LGUs
(2021) 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 Timbang (OPT)
Plus
Pangasinan 3 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 Operation NNC, LGUs
Plus

152
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Prevalence of 3 2.96 2.94 2.92 2.9 2.88 2.86 NNC, LGUs

overweight (2021) Operation
among children Timbang (OPT)
under 5 years of Plus
age decreased
Ilocos Norte 3 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Operation NNC, LGUs
Plus
Plus
La Union 2 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 1.0-2.0 Operation NNC, LGUs
Plus
Plus
Prevalence of 2 1.5 1.45 1.4 1.35 1.3 1.25 Operation NNC, LGUs
malnutrition (2021) Timbang (OPT)
(wasting) among Plus
children under 5
years of age
decreased
Ilocos Norte 2 0.20- 0.20- 0.20- 0.20- 0.20- 0.20- Operation NNC, LGUs
(2021) 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 Timbang (OPT)
Plus
Plus
La Union 1 0.57- 0.57- 0.57- 0.57- 0.57- 0.57- Operation NNC, LGUs
(2021) 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 Timbang (OPT)
Plus
Plus

153
1
Ilocos Norte revived the P2C deal with Quezon City and San Juan City to ease the rising inflation. See full reports here
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1183323 and https://mb.com.ph/2023/01/31/san-juan-city-ilocos-norte-launch-producers-2-consumers-
program/
2
The RDC-1 have endorsed this particular program through the RDC-1 Resolution No. 50, s. 2021 titled “Enjoining all Local Government Units
(LGUs) in region 1 to consider the inclusion of ready-to-use complementary foods in the food packs provided to families with 6-23 months
old children during emergencies and disasters”.
3
The updated implementing guidelines on Nutrition Shepherding Project and organization of the Regional Nutrition Shepherding Team of
Region 1 for effective nutrition program management was approved through the RDC-1 Resolution No. 46, s. 2022.
4
Lumpias, Wylibeth. 2022. R1 Pilots Two LGUs for Nutrition Sheperding Project. National Nutrition Council.
https://www.nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/luzon/region-i-lupangilocos/8595-r1-pilots-two-lgus-for-nutrition-shepherding-project

152
Sub-chapter 6.2: Strengthen Social Protection
The plan highlights the importance of social chapter is essential in helping achieve SDG 2
protection programs and integrated social (Zero Hunger), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities
protection systems. Vulnerable people are and Communities), and SDG 12
exposed to multiple risks and dangers, and (Responsible Consumption and Production).
social protection strategies can be effective All individuals regardless of income are
means of reducing poverty and inequality. covered by social protection- all in line with
These strategies provide an inclusive the sinnaranay mindset where social burdens
platform to tackle various risks, and the are shared equitably according to one’s
chapter covers five outcome indicators and capacity.
six priority legislations. Ultimately, the

The government’s implementation of 191,055 senior citizens who benefitted in
programs that seek to alleviate the 2021 compared to 120,659 in 2017. Also, the
condition of marginalized and vulnerable Social Security System (SSS) and
groups and individuals was notable. The Government Service Insurance System
trafficked persons, women in difficult (GSIS) continued to provide social insurance
circumstances, and abused women and to private and informal sector workers,
children, among others, were provided with Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), and
appropriate interventions. The primary government employees. These programs
social protection programs were sustained or supported the SDGs, particularly Goal 1 (End
improved such as the Conditional Cash poverty in all its forms everywhere) and Goal
Transfer (CCT), Pantawid Pasada, and 10 (Reduce inequality within and among
Assistance to Individuals in Crisis Situations countries).These social protection programs
(AICS). As to interventions for senior involving direct cash transfers like CCT,
citizens, more beneficiaries of the Social social pension, Pantawid Pasada, and AICS
Pension for Indigent Senior Citizens (SPISC) need to be strengthened to holistically
Program were served over the last five years. improve the welfare of the elderly, working
The number of qualified senior citizens who poor, persons with disabilities (PWDs), and
received cash stipends through the SPISC women in difficult circumstances and their
program increased by 58.34 percent from children, targeting the most vulnerable and
155
facing multiple risks. To reduce costs, financial literacy program. In addition,
promote equity, and expand the reach of DepEd Central Office issued a policy
programs, mechanisms to appropriate mandating the integration of financial
beneficiaries must be put in place together education in the basic education system “to
with ways to weed out existing beneficiaries ensure sustained delivery of foundational
who are not actually qualified for the knowledge on money management for the
Filipino youth.”
program. Also, regular convergence activities
of various government agencies can ease the On the other hand, the resiliency and
administrative burden borne by beneficiaries responsiveness of social protection programs
in accessing various social protection need to be improved. There should be an
programs and other government assistance. established procedure to readily identify
To promote a culture of self-help and beneficiaries of social protection
personal growth, there is also a need to boost interventions especially during disasters,
cash-for-work programs and financial together with ways to deliver the appropriate
literacy programs. aid to them. The national and local
governments also need to have readily
Social protection schemes involving direct available and appropriate resources to
contributions like SSS and PhilHealth need to respond to disasters. The LGUs also need to
be promoted as well, including the Overseas develop their local capacities to spot
Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) emerging needs before they become full-
for OFWs. These are the flagship blown disasters.
government-led social protection initiatives
on top of the social protection services Social insurance covered by PhilHealth
funded by the general taxes. Promoting these, declined. The implementation of the
coupled with expanding the cash transfer Universal Health Care (UHC) Act or RA
programs of the government, are needed to 11223 assured health insurance coverage for
have all individuals regardless of income all. With the said law, the government
covered with social protection programs shoulders PhilHealth contributions of
funded by general taxes, mandatory indigent beneficiaries such as those covered
contributions, and voluntary payments. by the 4Ps, senior citizens, and PWDs.
However, a decline in the number of families
Due to the financial aid from the covered with social insurance declined from
government, the DSWD Central Office 96.73 percent in 2017 to only 92.66 in 2021.
issued guidelines on the implementation of The decrease, especially in 2019 when the
transaction accounts that mandates all number of families covered dipped to 93.46
household beneficiaries to undergo a percent from 99.51 percent in 2018, was due
Chapter 6: Protect Purchasing Power

156
to the shift to UHC which involved an their LGU award on Seal of Good Local
increase in premium payments. Moreover, Governance (SGLG) or the Child-Friendly
members under the Sponsored Program in Local Governance Audit (CFLGA). They
2016 were no longer renewed in the following refuse to recognize child laborers, which
years. leads them not to accept referrals of child
laborers, conduct profiling in their
The number of child laborers in the region municipalities, accept livelihood projects for
increased. The 2018 data showed that there parents of child laborers, and submit
were 4,381 child laborers in the region, and feedback reports.
this increased to 7,599 in 2019. However, the
number of profiled child laborers decreased Percentage of LGUs with Seal of Child-
in 2020 to only 841, which most likely was Friendly Governance (SCFG) decreased
affected by the limited mobility and over the years. The said award is one
restrictions caused by the pandemic. Yet, by mechanism of the Department of Interior
the end of 2021, there were already 8,329 and Local Government (DILG) to ensure that
child laborers profiled by the Department of LGUs will help build a protective society
Labor and Employment (DOLE) Region 1, where children can enjoy their rights by
where more than half of them were from the including them in their plans, budget,
province of Pangasinan, with 4,692 child policies, and services. For the past years,
laborers. Provision of high-quality early LGUs had difficulty complying with the
childhood education is necessary to dissuade required criteria of this award, especially in
parents and guardians from having their the preparation of an Emergency Program
children employed. for Children and a Comprehensive Local
Juvenile Intervention Program. With lacking
DOLE- 1 initiated the profiling of these documents and plans, many children were
child laborers in 2018 to locate and identify not reached by the various programs,
the children who will be referred to projects, and activities to be catered by the
appropriate agencies and organizations for LGUs. Another factor for the decline is that
the provision of necessary services to LGUs tend to fail to properly document
remove them from child labor. However, various activities and programs that they
concerned LGUs are worried about the effect implement as means of verification
of the existence of profiled child laborers in validation.
their areas of jurisdictions as this would affect

157
Strategy Framework
Figure 6.2.1 Strategy Framework to Strengthen Social Protection
Strategies
This sub-chapter focuses on providing social poverty and hardships including people
safety nets especially for the poor. This affected by disasters and the Overseas
chapter also outlines strategies to protect Filipino Workers (OFWs).
vulnerable groups from falling into deeper
Outcome 1: Hazards managed

households whenever resources allow.
Strengthen protection program
Furthermore, the LGUs will supplement the
response to hazards
national social protection programs for the
The social protection packages for vulnerable poor, the elderly, and PWDs through various
groups at the national level shall be activities including the provision of free
strengthened by expanding scope and prostheses and vaccines, discount cards,
increasing benefits subject to available groceries and medicines, and scholarships
resources. The RDC-1 through RSDC-1 shall and training. Moreover, as social protection
continue to provide technical assistance to must cover all sectors of the society regardless
the national government agencies studying of income, LGUs especially the provinces
possible adjustments of existing social shall devise ordinances to provide support to
protection programs. The LGUs shall also households facing catastrophic health
provide additional cash transfer to poor expenditures and even those with rare

158
diseases on top of national programs to The LGUs should update their LDRRMP and
include not only the poor but also the middle consider in their disaster preparedness and
class. disaster response strategies the National
Policy on Nutrition in Emergencies. The
Implement anticipatory LGUs should include and implement mental
delivery mechanism for health support and psychosocial services to
disasters and emergencies disaster victims and ensure enough stockpiles
for emergencies and disasters. Also, the
The LGUs should prepare and implement
LGUs should consider providing nutrition-
their LDRRM Plan especially for disaster
specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions
prevention and mitigation and disaster
during emergencies and disasters (See also
response which also requires implementation
Chapter 6.1) and ensure the nutritional value
of social protection programs. This also
in the preparation of their food supplies.
requires updated hazard maps and data for
Permanent and resilient evacuation centers
possible forecasts for potential crises and
will be established which are suitable to the
emergencies. This includes an early warning
needs and situations of the evacuees. In
system through regular monitoring of food
establishing evacuation centers, the LGUs
supply to enable the rapid detection of the
should consider that the location near the
introduction or sudden increase in the
residence and located away from the
incidence of zoonotic diseases such as
potential hazard and will not provide
African Swine Fever (ASF) and Avian
disruption to work, school, social
Influenza which could lead to a disruption in
arrangements and, cultural and religious
the supply and demand of pork and poultry
practices of the residents1. While the LGUs
products. This, in turn, would cause an
provide evacuation areas and temporary
increase in the prices of these food
shelters during disasters including schools,
commodities. The products developed by the
covered courts and churches, the structural
local scientific community including the ASF
and building capacity and location should be
Kit of Central Luzon State University (CLSU)
considered. The structure and materials that
will be promoted by DOST-1 to LGUs to
will be used in constructing the evacuation
operationalize this system (See Chapter 7).
centers must be compliant with the
provisions of the National Building Code2.
Ensure implementation of These are also specified in the proposed bills
disaster response mechanisms, to establish evacuation centers in every city
especially on psychosocial and municipality, and providing necessary
services, stockpiles, and facilities, ensuring their structural capacity
resilient evacuation centers and appropriating funds therefor3. During
disasters, relief packs distributed should be

159
made up of nutritious food and must include prepositioned food items especially rice, the
sex-specific products including sanitary DSWD-1 as the Vice-Chair of the Disaster
napkins for women. Reproductive health Response Cluster of the Regional Disaster
needs especially of couples will not be Risk Reduction and Management-1
neglected as well. LGUs will also develop (RDRRMC-1) shall enjoin the National Food
psychosocial intervention teams for Authority (NFA) to allow the LGUs to
deployment to victims of disasters. To ensure purchase their stockpile of rice through the
that the LGUs have available strategically NFA not only during calamities or disasters.
Outcome 2: Risks mitigated

Implement a holistic approach that the LGUs deliver positive results for
to protect women and children’s well-being. To protect students
children's rights and well-being from the potential risks of road traffic
accidents resulting in deaths or permanent
Implement necessary approaches to eradicate
disabilities on their way to and from school,
child labor, and protect children from
DepEd-1, LTO-1, and LGUs will launch
physical and mental distress including
regular campaigns to raise awareness about
children left behind by OFW parents. The
responsible road use and include road safety
DepEd-1 will utilize its existing network and
in the K-12 curriculum as stated in Region 1
systems to inform children of their rights,
Traffic Management Strategy (TMS).
and to provide opportunities for children to
safely confide their personal issues for Programs that prevent the incidence of
comfort and possible intervention. Violence Against Women and Children
Moreover, the DSWD-1 through the Child (VAWC) through continuous advocacy on
Development Centers or Day Care Centers the negative repercussions of VAWC must be
will watch out for possible indications of done. This will help to continuously
abuse among its clients. Necessary assistance implement the Magna Carta of Women. The
to the victims of abuse with their families will DSWD-1, PIA-1, and PNP-1, shall work
be provided as well through the M/CSWDOs together on this end with the private sector
of LGUs. DOLE Central Office must study partners.
the possible redefinition of “child labor” to
account that those who are 15 years old and Promote the welfare and well-
above are already considered part of the labor being of OFWs
force. The LGUs shall prioritize children in
their PPAs and shall comply with the The contributory programs for OFWs
requirements for the SCFG. This is to ensure including SSS, OWWA, and PhilHealth shall
be promoted. Also, the DMW-1 and its

160
partner agencies will develop and come in the form of quadmedia promotion of
disseminate information on a comprehensive benefits and responsibilities of members,
repatriation pathway for returning OFWs in including contributions. The LGUs are
need. Continuous promotion must be done encouraged to have their non-hospital
for the use of the Region 1 Kabayan e-Konek facilities such as RHUs, infirmaries, and
and of other resources which provides links outpatient departments of their Philhealth-
to various procedures and processes for accredited Level 1, 2 and 3 hospitals to be
potential, current, or retiring OFWs4. accredited PhilHealth Konsulta providers.
With this, selected laboratory tests,
Strengthen livelihood and medicines and health risk screening,
public works program assessment and consultations will be
provided to their PhilHealth registered
Livelihood programs of the DOLE-1, DPWH
constituents.
-1 and the LGUs such as DOLE Integrated
Livelihood Program and Emergency
Implement Targeted
Employment Programs (DILEEP) and Cash
Convergence Activities
for Work Program will continue to provide
assistance especially to displaced workers and Targeted convergence activities are sets of
those affected by seasonality of livelihood. initiatives or projects which may involve
The recently completed Listahanan 3 of the collaboration with different government
DSWD-1 shall be utilized by the LGUs and agencies to achieve shared objectives. These
other regional line agencies in the region in initiatives may also include partnerships with
identifying beneficiaries of their livelihood the private sector. In the case of the just
programs to complement the 4Ps program of transition towards mechanized farming and
the DSWD. The presence of seasonal modernized jeepneys, concerned
employment and unemployment give rise to government agency-such as DA-1 for farm
the need for enhanced unemployment mechanization and LTFRB-1 for jeepney
insurance (See Chapter 5). modernization- will identify individuals who
cannot be readily absorbed under the
Promote social insurance modernized setup, especially the elderly,
products PWDs, and the working poor. Once collated,
the DSWD-1 with the C/MSWDO will assess
The SSS, GSIS, OWWA, and PhilHealth-1
these individuals and households.
will continue to promote social solidarity but
Furthermore, households below the poverty
also provide income support to government
line will be enrolled in 4Ps and indigent
and private sector employees and their
senior citizens will be given social pension.
families in times of contingencies. This will
Their enrollment to PhilHealth will be

161
facilitated as well. Additional support will be Listahanan 3 shall be used by regional line
given by the concerned agencies, DOLE-1 agencies and other social protection
with the PESOs in the form of jobs facilitation stakeholders as a reference when
and placement, and by CHED-1 and TESDA- implementing these convergence activities.
1 with scholarships and training. Finally, the
Outcome 3: Universal, modern, and integrated SP system

achieved
an intensified financial literacy program will
Create synergies among
be given to 4Ps beneficiaries and other social
stakeholders in designing and
delivering social protection cash grants from the government given that
programs only a small portion of program recipients
can save and invest the financial grants. As a
Following the principle of sinnaranay, there form of voluntary contribution towards risk
will be synergies between national agencies sharing, the CDA-1 will continuously tap the
with the LGUs and with the private sector vast network of cooperatives in the region to
and civil society in designing and delivering encourage cooperators and the public to
social protection programs through purchase affordable insurance through the
dialogues. Another form of synergy can come cooperatives.
in the form of LGUs providing cash grants to
individuals in vulnerable situations who are Strengthen delivery of digital
not qualified for assistance from the national payments of cash transfers
government. The religious groups present in
the region shall be reached out by the DSWD- Digital payments offer a fast and transparent
1 to forge partnerships in alleviating the way to distribute cash aid to households that
plight of the vulnerable sectors. Cash grants have been economically-affected during the
shall be provided through banks as more pandemic and other disasters. Collaboration
individuals opened their bank accounts when between the government and the financial
they enrolled in the PhilSys of the PSA-1. services providers in Region 1 will
standardize the onboarding and account
Promote financial literacy for processes, develop communication strategies
better awareness of financial to support usage, and support efforts to
instruments improve digital financial literacy could
support this transition. The organizations of
For better awareness of financial services, banks in each of the provinces in the region
savings generation and insurance coverage,

162
shall be tapped to conduct digital financial Integrate the nutritional needs
literacy drives. of vulnerable groups in a social
protection program
Enhance social protection
Social protection can help address the
statistics and ensure updated
region’s target to eradicate malnutrition. It
social registries
can be the most effective means to reach
There shall be a reliable, accurate, and timely marginalized, resource-poor and
database on the status of vulnerable and nutritionally vulnerable populations. The
marginalized sectors. The Philippines is LGUs, the DSWD and private partners and
moving to address the digital infrastructure CSOs ensure that the stockpile of food packs
gaps through the implementation of are of nutritious value that are distributed
Philippine Identification System (PhilSys). during disasters. Social protection programs
Adopting PhilSys in implementing SP which include distribution of food packs
programs will assist the DSWD -1 to must utilize locally-produced nutritious
validate and identify beneficiaries. To foods (See Chapter 6.1).
minimize duplication as well, the GSIS and
SSS must share their list of active pensioners Ensure timely and responsive
to DSWD to weed-out active GSIS and SSS financing for social protection
pensioners from the recipients of social programs in emergencies
pension. The LGUs can integrate the local
To ensure that funds are available and
M/CSWDO listing with the list of PWDs and
accessible during emergencies to fund social
senior citizens at the local levels as well, and
protection programs, the LGUs shall comply
with the Community-Based Monitoring
strictly with the procedures set forth by
System (CBMS).
Republic Act 10121 or the Philippine Disaster
To ensure the on-time and responsive Risk Reduction and Management Act of
distribution of financial assistance during 2010. The said law specifies that the LGUs
emergencies, a single, real-time database shall must set aside at least 5% of its annual budget
be established at the national level. The as Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
existing Listahanan can serve this purpose Management Fund (LDRRMF). This
with some adjustments to include the AICS LDRRMF can fund the social protection
beneficiaries. The DSWD will continue to programs during disasters. This shall be
establish area operation centers to monitor augmented by the allocation of relief goods
real-time progress of the distribution of from implementing agencies in the region
financial assistance in support of this such as the DSWD, DOH and DOLE. The
database. CSOs in Region 1 shall likewise be tapped to

163
provide assistance to finance the social
protection program during emergencies.
Legislative Agenda
Table 6.2.1. Legislative Agenda to Strengthen Social Protection
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE

AGENCIES
Universal and Integrated The legal framework that will rationalize the social protection DSWD-1
Social Protection System programs toward an integrated system that: shall recognize SP as
basic right provided by the state, institutionalize SP floor, establish
effective coordination structures, establish/update social
registries, enhance digital payment platforms, and provide
sustainable financing and partnerships with P/CSOs
Unified System of Seeks to provide an equitable and sustainable pension system for GSIS-1
Separation, Retirement uniformed personnel. It also intends to address the weakness in
and Pension their current pension system such as automatic indexation, funding
sources, and the need to adjust the pensionable age, among others.
Disability Support Seeks to grant a cash subsidy to supplement incomes of DSWD-1

Allowance households with persons with disability.
Evacuation Center Act Establishes a permanent and typhoon-resilient evacuation center OCD-1, DILG-1
with necessary facilities to avoid the practice of using classrooms
during calamities. These centers should also take into
consideration in their design the welfare of children, women,
persons with disability, and the elderly.
Expansion of Expands the coverage and benefits of unemployment insurance for SSS-1, GSIS-1
Unemployment Insurance SSS and GSIS

164
Results Matrix
Table 6.2.2. Result Matrix: Strengthen Social Protection
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS

BASELINE
MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION AGENCY
(YEAR)
Chapter Outcome: Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Social protection strengthened
Percentage of 100% GSIS-1, SSS-1 and GSIS-1, SSS-1,

families covered PhilHealth-1 PhilHealth-1
with social Report
insurance
maintained at 100%*
Percentage of 100% PhilHealth-1 PhilHealth-1

families with at Report
least one PhilHealth
member/dependent
/ beneficiary
maintained at 100%*
Percentage of 100% DSWD-1 Report DSWD-1

families from the
poorest 30% with
children receiving
4Ps maintained at
100%*
Number of child 8,329 0 0 0 0 0 0 DOLE-1 Annual DOLE-1

laborers decreased (2021) Report
Ilocos Norte 1,283 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ilocos Sur 1,278 0 0 0 0 0 0
La Union 1,076 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pangasinan 4,692 0 0 0 0 0 0
Percentage of LGUs 28 44 61 78 95 100 100 DILG-1 DILG-1/RCWC-1

with Seal of Child- (2021) Annual Reports
Friendly Governance
increased
Ilocos Norte - Increasing

165
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
BASELINE
MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
INDICATORS
(YEAR)
Ilocos Sur - Increasing
La Union - Increasing
Pangasinan - Increasing
Percentage of LGUs 100 100 DILG-1 DILG-1

complying to the (2021) Annual Reports
Full Disclosure
Policy sustained
Ilocos Norte 100 100
Ilocos Sur 100 100
La Union 100 100
Pangasinan 100 100
*To be collected
1
IOM and UNICEF (2018). Building Safe Spaces for the Community. A practical guide for constructing disaster-resilient community
evacuation centers in the Philippines.
2
Republic Act No. 6541. National Building Code of the Philippines.
3
Senate Bill No. 1652. An Act Establishing Evacuation Centers in Every City and Municipality, and Appropriating Funds Therefor.
4
Kabayan e-Knoek. https://ilocos.neda.gov.ph/.

166
PARTI
II
Transform
Production
Sect
orst o
GenerateMore
Qualit
yJo bs
andCompet i
tive
Products
07
Moder
nizeAgri
cult
ure
andAgri
busi
ness
CHAPTER 7
Modernize Agriculture and

Agribusiness
Region 1 continues to play a major role in ensuring food security being one of the country’s key producers of
major agri-fishery commodities. Modernization and value-adding of agri-fishery commodities for agribusiness
undertakings will further enhance the potential of the sector, strengthen the competitiveness of the agri-fishery
products, especially the regional priority and strategic commodities and intensify rural development. The region
stays focused on the creation of an enabling environment that will generate more quality jobs and produce
competitive products. This will provide wider opportunities for the farmers, fisherfolks, women, and youth to
participate and benefit from the developments of the agri-fishery sector through the partnership and
collaboration of the government and private sector.

The agri-fishery sector remained resilient disturbances, pests, and animal diseases,
despite the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 including the disruptions brought by the
and was the only sector that registered pandemic in 2020.
positive growth. However, in 2021, the
Croplands in the area are concentrated in
resiliency of the sector continued to be
the Pangasinan plains, particularly along
challenged as it suffered a reversal of growth
due to the adverse effects of weather the Agno River and the floodplains of the
disturbances and animal diseases. Also, the Laoag River. These croplands together with
traditional fishing channel remains to be other vital production regions are currently
challenged by security issues in the West designated as SAFDZ. According to RA 8435,
Philippine Sea. these SAFDZs are agricultural production
areas designated for "...production, agro-
The sector maintained positive growth processing and marketing activities to help
from 2017 to 2020 but was still below the develop and modernize, either with the
annual target. The sector's positive support of government, the agriculture and
performance may be attributed to the fisheries sectors in an environmentally and
continuing efforts of the government and socio-culturally sound manner...." There are
other stakeholders toward agricultural also some croplands in the Abra and
development. However, the recorded annual Amburayan River estuaries in the provinces
growth rates were lower compared to the of La Union and Ilocos Sur, respectively.
planned targets of 2.5 to 3.5 percent, which
Some built-up areas, particularly in the cities
may be due to the occurrence of weather
Chapter 7: Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness

173
of Dagupan, San Carlos, Urdaneta remaining 25.82 percent were either used for
(Pangasinan), and San Fernando City (La other purposes or left unutilized1.
Union), are intermingled among these prime
croplands. As a result, the region's croplands Agri-Business Corridors (ABCs) are
are reachable by the market. In between these emerging in the region. These ABCs are
lands are the livestock pastures, shrublands, clusters of interconnected producers,
and production forests. In order to meet the agribusinesses, and institutions that are
region's needs for lumber and paper, these engaged in the same agricultural subsector.
forests need to be managed carefully, The rice and corn-based ABCs are along the
preferably through the use of agroforestry. Agno River floodplain (Pangasinan), Abra
Additionally, grazing needs to be monitored. River floodplain (Ilocos Sur), and Laoag
This will help spare the remaining forests of River floodplain (Ilocos Norte). Coconuts-
the region that are usually along the borders based ABCs can thrive in western Pangasinan
with the Cordilleras. Ultimately, the region and portions of northern Ilocos Norte, while
must ensure that the existing built-up areas Dagupan and Alaminos cities are identified
are managed properly to minimize priority areas for fishery-based agri-
businesses.2 Diversification of outputs and
encroachment to agricultural lands and
services within and from the ABCs are
that these areas are in low- to medium-risk
integral to minimize risks attributable to
areas of the floodplains only. Moreover, the
monoculture and to help maximize land,
development of agro-industry shall be in
thereby increasing the income of farmers.
areas in the shrublands, especially in areas
deemed unsuitable for agriculture so that the Severe Tropical Storm (STS) Maring and
forests (open and closed) are kept pristine. the continuing occurrence of African Swine
Maps illustrating the agricultural production
Fever (ASF) caused the reversal of growth
zones of the region are seen in Chapter 2.
of the AFF sector in 2021. STS Maring hit
The croplands in the region decreased the region in the last quarter of 2021, costing
around PHP 2.21 billion worth of agricultural
significantly. The estimated area allocated
production losses and damages. Additionally,
for annual crops (i.e rice, corn, peanuts, and
the occurrence of the ASF affected the
the like) was 296,670.17 hectares in 2020.
operation of six commercial farms and over
This was 30 percent lower than the area used
6,000 backyard raisers resulting in the culling
in 2015, equivalent to 127,088.62 hectares
of 53,000 heads of hogs based on e DA report
lost. Of this reduction, 41.90 percent or
in June 2021. All of which contributed to the
53,258.17 hectares was attributed to the
contraction of the AFF sector by 4.95 percent
conversion of farmlands to built-up areas.
in 2021. To respond to these challenges,
The 32.28 percent or 41,022.03 hectares were
different initiatives were undertaken by the
converted to forestlands. While the

174
government. Aside from the immediate for corn and fisheries. For palay, tobacco,
assistance (i.e. financial grants, farm inputs, and other crops, the decline was due to the
and emergency loans) provided to affected effect of habagat and STS Maring as well as
farmers by STS Maring, the regional recovery the existence of plant diseases such as
plan was also adopted and approved for armyworm, black rot, cecid fly, and mango
implementation. With regard to the ASF, the hopper. For poultry, the cause was the closure
DA formulated the guidelines for the “Bantay of some commercial laying farms resulting in
ASF sa Barangay Program” which was tight supply, while the decline in livestock
endorsed by the RDC-1 through Resolution was due to the ASF. On the other hand, the
No. 47, s. 2022 and subsequently adopted and recorded positive growth for corn production
implemented by 58 LGUs. may be attributed to the increase in area
harvested and availability of seeds.
The initiative to provide protection to Meanwhile, the positive growth in fishery
farmers and fisherfolks from potential production from 2020 to 2021 may be
production losses continued but still needs attributed to the increase in the number of
to be expanded. To help ease the burden of fishermen engaged in fishing, the use of
the farmers and fishers due to the multiple and diversified gears, and the
vulnerability of the sector to adverse effects of additional number of fishing days.
weather disturbances, a free crop insurance
program was provided by the government Cold storage facilities are concentrated in
through the Philippine Crop Insurance Pangasinan. There are only five cold storage
Corporation (PCIC). From 2017 to 2019, the facilities in the region that are accredited for
number of farmers and fisherfolks with crop warehousing agricultural products. Two of
insurance showed an increasing trend. these are in Urdaneta City, one each in
However, it declined to almost half in 2020. Dagupan City and San Fabian (Pangasinan),
Though it increased in 2021, it was not at the and one in Rosario (La Union). Further, only
same level in 2018 and 2019. This may be the warehouse in Rosario is accredited to
attributed to the low awareness of the store fishery products in addition to meat
subsidized insurance program of the products while the rest are for meat products
government, including the effects of travel only. There is also no major centralized
restrictions due to the pandemic. agricultural market or bagsakan in the
region3.
The volume of production of priority
commodities in the region showed a The agricultural labor force and the
fluctuating trend from 2017 to 2021. In Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs)
2021, the production of all commodities awarded with emancipation patents and
declined compared to their 2020 levels except Certificate of Land Ownership Award

175
(CLOA) holders in the region are still 26,000 workers in the fishing and aquaculture
mainly composed of men. According to the industries. Meanwhile, only 23.0 percent or
Philippine Council on Women (PCW), 118,000, and 5.5 percent or 2,000 employed
although rural women greatly contribute and workers under agriculture and forestry, and
have vital roles in the AFF sector, they are still fishing and aquaculture, respectively were
marginalized in terms of employment, women. Similarly, 72 percent of the ARBs
income, land ownership, access to resources, awarded with emancipation patents and
basic services, and participation and CLOA holders were men while only 28
decision-making. Based on the October 2020 percent were women in 2022. Hence, there is
data of PSA, men comprised 77.0 percent or still a need to increase the opportunities in
394,000 workers in the agriculture and the different levels of gender equality for
forestry industry group, and 94.5 percent or women in the agriculture sector.
Strategy Framework
Modernizing agriculture and agribusiness sectors to environmental and economic
would entail strategies that enhance the shocks, strategies to improve its resilience
efficiency of agri-fishery production, and along the value chain will be carried out.
expand the access of farmers, fisherfolks, and These strategies will be realized by
other concerned stakeholders to markets and strengthening the capacity of agricultural
agri-fishery-based enterprises fostered in an institutions in performing their functions
atmosphere of sinnaranay or bayanihan. and services.
Considered one of the most vulnerable

176
Figure 7.1. Strategy Framework to Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness
Strategies
Chapter Outcome: Modernize agriculture and agribusiness
The plan focuses on transforming the endeavor to engage the concerned
traditional system of farming and fishing stakeholders–farmers, fisherfolks, women,
practices through the adoption of modern youth, and MSMEs–in agri-entrepreneurial
and sustainable technologies and practices activities to create added value to the agri-
along the commodity value chain. It will also fishery commodities of the region.
Outcome 1: Efficiency of agri-fishery production enhanced

away from the single-based commodity
Diversify farm products and
planning, investment programming, and
income-generating activities
budgeting to provide wider opportunities for
The region, while sustaining high production farmers and fisherfolks to diversify as
in major commodities such as rice and corn, emphasized in the National Agriculture and
will adopt the commodity systems approach Fisheries Modernization and
in farming and fishing practices and veer Industrialization Plan (NAFMIP) 2021-2028.

177
Farmers and fisherfolks, as well as agri- Capacity development in enterprise
entrepreneurs, will be capacitated with the development for post-production and value-
necessary knowledge, skills, and technology adding activities to increase the income-
innovations to support diversification, generating capacity of the farmers and
especially in the adoption of the best fisherfolks will also be intensified.
commodity mix per cropping season. This
strategy will intensify the development and Operationalize consolidation
promotion of the regional priority and and clustering
strategic commodities, i.e., mango, peanut,
The organized and certified farmers'
onion, garlic, coffee, cacao, corn, bamboo,
cooperatives and associations will be
tobacco, goat, bangus, salt, mungbean,
encouraged to consolidate their farms into
dragon fruit, and tomato, by integrating these
contiguous clusters to increase the
in the existing agri-fishery production and
productivity and competitiveness of their
post-production systems. One of the many
products. The farmers and fisherfolks must
possible options for Region 1 is the
take advantage of the economies of scale in
integration of onion and garlic in the rice-
the procurement of production inputs as well
based system to take advantage of the
as in the post-production and marketing
continuing high demand for these
activities as this will also improve the
commodities as presented in the NAFMIP.
production value efficiency in the region. As
The Ilocos Region Coconut Industry such, relevant government agencies will
Development Plan for 2022-2026 will be provide the necessary assistance to
implemented to intensify diversification in strengthen these associations through
27 municipalities or approximately 60,000 capacity building and market linkages.
hectares across the region for coconut Moreover, through the Regional
production and processing. Likewise, Convergence Initiative for Sustainable Rural
support in the development of the salt Development, needed assistance will be
industry in the region will provide alternative provided to the existing convergence areas as
livelihood to residents in the coastal areas in well as development of newly identified areas.
Region 1, particularly in (a) Bangui, Laoag, Large-scale consolidation will be encouraged
Burgos, and Pasuquin in Ilocos Norte; (b) through the creation of ABCs and in the
Magsingal, San Vicente, Cabugao, Santa proposed and existing economic zones such
Maria and Candon City, in Ilocos Sur; (c) as the Agro-Industrial Economic Zone in
Balaoan, San Fernando City, Bauang, Caba, Sual, Pangasinan.
Agoo, and Sto. Tomas in La Union; and (d)
While large-scale MSMEs will be engaged in
San Fabian, Anda, Dasol, Infanta, Bolinao,
the activities of the economic zones, the
Labrador, Lingayen, and Sual in Pangasinan.

178
smallholder farmers and fisherfolks will be Development Consortium (ILARRDEC),
mainstreamed in the supply chain as partners RRDIC, and other institutions mandated
in providing production inputs. The LGUs with research, development, and extension
and the farmers’ organizations/associations functions will spearhead the realization of
are also encouraged to foster partnerships in this strategy (See Chapter 10). The shifts in
the marketing of the local farmers' produce. the tobacco market give impetus to the
The provinces will also allocate funds for ILARRDEC and RRDIC and other R&D
conduits in procuring palay when the institutions in the region to study not only
farmgate prices are lower than the NFA the boosting of tobacco production but also
buying price. This aims to stabilize prices, its alternative uses (See Chapter 11).
ensure food security in the locality (See
Chapter 6.2) and support local farmers while In addition, the adoption and promotion of
they transition to adopting advanced and upscaled backyard gardening, organic
more modern farming practices. farming, and urban gardening/agriculture
that can be showcased through extension
services and the establishment of farm
Adopt sustainable and
tourism sites will be intensified (See Chapters
innovative agri-fishery
technologies and practices 6 and 9). Backyard swine farmers are some
of the suppliers to the market so the DA-1
The farmers and fisherfolk are still largely and the LGUs must target backyard swine
into traditional farming and fishing practices, growers in providing environmentally-sound
limiting their productivity. The plan will interventions to the manure generated. This
transform traditional farmers and fisherfolks includes the provision of biogas digesters,
through the adoption of modern and alternative fodder sources, and odor-
innovative agri-fishery technologies and reducing chemicals (See Chapter 4.3).
practices. This would include the (a)
development and adoption of location- As reported in the NAFMIP, the total area of
specific high-yielding varieties; (b) cost- annual crops declined by 30 percent from
reducing and sustainable productivity- 423,759 hectares in CY 2015 to 296,670
enhancing technologies; (c) off-season hectares in CY 2020. These sustainable and
production and staggered crop production; innovative technologies and practices will
and (d) production practices that are encourage maximum utilization of
acceptable or within the local and productive land areas, thereby minimizing
international quality standards resulting the conversion to commercial and non-
from research and development, innovation agricultural purposes. While forestry is not a
and extension services. The Ilocos major component of the region’s production
Agriculture and Resources Research and sector, the DENR-1 and its partner agencies

179
through the Enhanced National Greening Increase involvement of women
Program will partner with communities in and youth in the agri-fishery
the Wedges of the region to entice sector
landowners of underutilized lands to convert
Women are equally capable of undertaking
them into agroforests which may include
agri-fishery activities. While they are
multistoried cropping systems (See Chapter 2
primarily tapped for post-production
and 16).
activities such as the marketing of produce,
For the fishery sector, Region 1 will take they can also be relied on the production
advantage of its vast marine and coastal process. Furthermore, the involvement of
resources through the development of Blue youth in the agri-fishery sector is also a
Economy which can be undertaken through priority in the region. Improving their access
the (a) Philippine Fisheries and Coastal to and control over the agri-fishery resources
Resiliency Project of the DA-BFAR that will will empower women and youth as
include as its components the establishment development partners in the sector.
of mariculture parks in Pangasinan and La Therefore, the region will ensure that women,
Union, Aqua-business Technology men, and youth will be recipients of
Incubators and other sustainable fishery development interventions such as the
infrastructure that will increase the Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran ng Kababayang
productivity of the fisherfolks; and (b) Katutubo (4K) Program of DA, partnerships
establishment or revival of the Agro- with Sangguniang Kabataan to promote
industrial Economic Zone near Sual, Kapital Access for Young Agripreneurs
Pangasinan which features the following (KAYA) of ACPC, and linkages with Rural
initiatives, among others: agribusiness Improvement Clubs (RICs) of women for
activities for fishery commodities such as agricultural training and seed/hog/chicken
bangus, tilapia, shellfish, shrimp and other dispersion, among others. Moreover, the
fishery commodities; post-harvest region will ensure that the gender dimension
connectivity with fish processing project to is mainstreamed in all agri-fishery programs
include the upgrading of the Seafood and projects, especially in the design and
Processing Complex in Dagupan City; and structure of farm machinery and equipment.
support to salt farming in the region (see Hence, the RGADC-1 will continue to
Chapter 2). Moving towards the Blue advocate the use of the Harmonized Gender
Economy would ensure sustainable and Development Guidelines in assessing the
management of the coastal and marine gender sensitivity of all programs and
resources which are one of the region’s key projects in the region.
sources of livelihood and food supply.

180
Outcome 2: Access to markets and agri-fishery-based
enterprises expanded
(Ilocos Sur) as identified in the NAFMIP (See
Improve physical and digital
Chapters 2 and 13).
infrastructure in agriculture and
fisheries Reliable infrastructure support facilities
Large-scale agri-fishery facilities that will be linking these various segments of the
established in strategic locations are needed commodity value chain to ensure the
to maximize the high production level of the mobility of agri-fishery products and lower
region. This will further support the transportation costs need to be established. It
operationalization of consolidation and would include the construction of FMRs,
clustering of farms. The needed facilities agri-tourism roads, the improvement of
include cold storage facilities, warehouses, feeder and connector roads, and the
food terminals and processing facilities. completion of seaports, airports, bypass
Establishment of new cold storage facilities roads, and expressways (See Chapter 13)
by the government are to be prioritized in which should be located along key
Alaminos City (Pangasinan) and Batac City production areas. Development of these
(Ilocos Norte). These new facilities will focus roads and transport networks are an integral
on fisheries and high-value crops, part to the establishment of an effective and
respectively. Private investors may consider efficient logistics system that will guarantee
building new cold storage facilities and other the conveyance of commodities from
forms of warehouses in Currimao (Ilocos production to processing and finally to the
Norte), Narvacan (Ilocos Sur), Rosario (La target market/consumers. Additional details
Union) and Rosales and Santo Tomas will be laid out in the National Information
(Pangasinan). To maximize the proposed and Communications Technology,
Pangasinan Ring Road and in line with the Transport, and Logistics Plan of the DTI.
NAFMIP, the existing public market in
Furthermore, similar to the e-Kadiwa
Tayug (Pangasinan) is recommended for
program of DA, the private sector, including
expansion as a food terminal/bagsakan
farmers and fisherfolks, are encouraged to
subject to additional feasibility studies. Its
develop and/or utilize mobile- and web-
captive markets will include Pangasinan,
based platforms and channels to market agri-
Nueva Ecija, and Nueva Vizcaya. With the
fishery products. This will widen the reach to
Tayug bagsakan as the pilot project, other
possible customers, stabilize prices of
bagsakan can be established afterwards in the
commodities. Moreover, to maximize digital
long run to include Dagupan and Urdaneta
infrastructure, the concerned agencies and
(Pangasinan) and Sta. Maria and Vigan

181
LGUs must also develop a real-time database and fisherfolks to increase their income. The
for available stocks or production inputs (e.g. Rural Enterprise and Agricultural & Fisheries
seeds, fish fry). This database will provide Productivity (I-REAP) under the Philippine
immediate information to farmers and Rural Development Project will aid in
fisherfolks as to where production inputs are involving all farmers and fisherfolk to include
available. This will address concerns about an women and youth to participate in the
oversupply of stocks from one province and development activities of the sector. There is
supply shortage of the same stocks or also a need to establish or upscale the
production inputs in other provinces. smallholder farmers and fisherfolks’
cooperative market to assist in marketing
Establish industries for local their products. Among the possible
inputs production interventions involve the establishment of a
one-stop shop facility that will assist the
One of the challenges of farmers and
small-scale MSMEs in securing Food and
fisherfolk is the high cost of production
Drug Administration (FDA) approval to
inputs due to importation. Hence, there is a
ensure that their products can be widely
need to engage the private sector in the
distributed in the local and international
manufacturing of production inputs, i.e.,
markets. This will shorten the processing
tools, fertilizers, and feeds. In the next six
time of the small-scale MSMEs in the
years, the region through the Investment
application for FDA accreditation and will
Promotion Group of Region 1 will entice
lessen possible expenses related thereto.
private investors to establish their business
Moreover, the “Big Brother, Small Brother”
undertakings in the region. The SUCs and
scheme will also be advocated where the
other HEIs must also maximize their vast
financially-capable Farmers/Cooperatives
land grants to serve as laboratories in
Associations (FCAs) acting as Big Brother
developing, manufacturing, and promoting
assist financially-handicapped FCAs, Small
organic fertilizers and pesticides.
Brother, in availing assistance packages from
financial institutions.
Facilitate participation of
smallholder farmers and
fisherfolks, women, and youth
in value-adding and marketing
Engaging in agri-based entrepreneurial
activities provide opportunities for farmers

182
Outcome 3: Resilience of agri-fishery value chains improved
region. Community practices to adapt to
Integrate climate and disaster
climate change while augmenting food
risks in the design of agri-
fishery plans, programs, and production, such as synchronous rice
projects planting,6 crop diversification, and
community bio-intensive gardens, will be
Enhancing the resiliency of the agri-fishery encouraged.
sector and maximizing the gains in
commodity production entails adaptation Strengthen local food systems
and mitigation to the negative effects of
climate change, other weather disturbances, The focus of this strategy is on improving the
and pest and disease infestations especially to quality of the region’s priority and strategic
highly vulnerable commodities such as palay, commodities to contribute to food safety and
corn, vegetables, mango, and swine. security primarily for the people of Region 1.
Integrating climate and disaster risks in the This would entail the preparation of
design of agri-fishery plans, programs, and commodity roadmaps or value chain analyses
projects will reduce possible production to address issues towards their full
losses and contribute to higher productivity development. Likewise, to ensure safe and
of the sector. This will be carried out through nutritious food, the region will intensify the
the implementation of the NAFMIP and the adoption of good agricultural and
Philippine FishCore Project specifically for manufacturing processes and prioritize
the Fisheries Management Area 6 where research and development activities on agri-
Region 1 is clustered. Advocacy for the fishery commodities towards this goal. This
replication of climate-resilient facilities such will be undertaken by supporting and
as the Solar Powered Fertigation Project of replicating the efforts of MMSU and PSU, in
DA-1, Climate-Proof Irrigation Systems of collaboration with the DOST, in establishing
NIA/DA, and Brackish Water Fish Cage food innovation centers (see Chapters 6.2
Culture of BFAR-1 will also be strengthened. and 10). Extensive promotion of these
(See Chapter 16). Moreover, increasing and commodities will also be undertaken by both
upgrading the AMIA4,5 sites will also be the government and the private sector, e.g.
considered to build climate-resilient agri- Buy Local Program and trade fairs (see
fishery communities and enterprises in the Chapter 6.2).

183
Expand outreach of credit and assistance to recover from production losses.
insurance coverage, and other The plan targets to increase the number of
agri-fishery services to cater to insured men and women farmers and
smallholder farmers and far- fisherfolks by almost 20 percent with the
flung areas province of Pangasinan getting the biggest
share of 36 percent. Moreover, to avail of the
With the region being frequented by
credit facilities, there is a need to make them
disasters, farmers and fisherfolks, especially
part of accredited farmers’ associations or
the marginalized women, subsistence and
cooperatives and be enlisted in the Registry
small farm holders in the rural areas who
System for Basic Sectors in Agriculture
suffer the most will have to be prioritized in
(RSBSA) of DA.
the provision of appropriate insurance
coverage through the PCIC, and credit
Outcome 4: Agricultural institutions strengthened

Strengthen the capacity of (AgriDOC), Participatory Guarantee System,
agencies and LGUs in the and the Integrated Crops Management
implementation of agri-fishery course for extension services.
services
Moreover, there is also a need to intensify the
In view of the full implementation of the delivery of the regulatory and law
Mandanas-Garcia ruling, there is a need to enforcement functions and services of RLAs
develop and strengthen the LGUs capacities and LGUs. This can be pursued by (a)
to deliver the devolved agri-fishery functions upgrading and/or adopting state-of-the-art
and services with the steering and rowing facilities; (b) establishing Monitoring,
roles of the national agencies. Proper Control and Surveillance Base Stations,
dissemination of the devolved services to the especially in the provincial border towns; (c)
farmers and fisherfolks are imperative for the intensifying monitoring and surveillance
proper channeling of their issues and activities; and (d) streamlining documentary
concerns. For the NGAs, they must sustain requirements in the processing of
improving the delivery of services, especially government-related transactions.
in implementing programs and projects, and
in conducting regular monitoring and Establish regional or satellite
evaluation of these PAPs. The Agricultural offices
Training Institute of DA Region 1 shall
There is also a need to establish regional or
continue to provide specialist training
satellite offices in the region of some line
services through the Agricultural
agencies to expand the reach of various agri-
Development Officers of the Community

184
fishery services. One of the agencies referred flung areas in Region 1 due to greater
to in this strategy is the PCIC to further proximity. The FDA on the other hand,
increase the number of farmers and should establish or install laboratory facilities
fisherfolks with insurance coverage as well as in the region to cater to more agri-related
to widen their reach of insurance coverage MSMEs engaged in processing or
and improve their service delivery to manufacturing activities of agricultural
subsistence and smallholder farmers and far- products like cacao.
Legislative Agenda
Table 7.1. Legislative Agenda to Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Regulation of the It aims to preserve agricultural land, and regulate land conversion to DA, RLUC-1
conversion of agricultural minimize the unnecessary and irreversible conversion to non-
land to non-agriculture agricultural uses. Furthermore, it shall further define the difference
purposes between Land Conversion and Land Reclassification. This can be lodged
in the National Land Use Act being proposed.

185
Results Matrix
Table 7.2. Result Matrix: Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS

INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Chapter Outcome: Agriculture and agribusiness modernized
Growth in the Gross -4.95 1.5-2.5 1.5-2.5 1.5-2.5 2.5-3.5 2.5-3.5 2.5-3.5 PSA Regional DA,
Value Added (GVA) (2021) Accounts BFAR,
of Agriculture, Statistics LGUs,
Forestry, and
EDSeCom
Fisheries (AFF)
increased
Yield per hectare TBD increased PSA DA, NTA

increased by
commodity
Volume of (2021) DA, BFAR, NTA

production
increased (in
thousand MT) of:
Palay 1,902.34 1,921.37 1,940.58 1,959.98 1,979.58 1,999.38 2,019.37 Agriculture DA

(2021) Statistics
Corn 571.26 613.09 646.59 660.60 676.02 691.71 707.25 Agriculture DA

(2021) Statistics
Tobacco 35.65 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Agriculture NTA
(2021) Statistics
Other crops 878.77 887.55 896.43 905.39 914.45 923.59 932.83 Agriculture DA
(2021) Statistics
Livestock 100.85 105.89 111.18 116.74 122.58 128.71 135.14 PSA Agriculture DA
(2021) Statistics
Poultry 98.85 103.79 108.98 114.43 120.15 126.16 132.46 PSA Agriculture DA
(2021) Statistics
Fisheries 189.22 195.76 199.34 202.98 206.68 210.46 214.31 PSA Agriculture BFAR
(2021) Statistics
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Efficiency of AFF Production Enhanced
Growth in AFF Labor 19.0 Increasing PSA Labor DA, BFAR,

Productivity (2017) Productivity EDSeCom
increased (%) Statistics

186
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Access to markets and AFF-based Enterprises Expanded
Investments 265.303 Increasing DTI report on DTI,

generated in Agri- (2021) Investment by PGLUs
based industries Leading
Industries
increased (PHP
Million)
Ilocos Norte 137.916 Increasing

(2021)
Ilocos Sur 108.274 Increasing

(2021)
La Union 1.621 Increasing

(2021)
Pangasinan 17.492 Increasing

(2021)
Value of Exports in 3.916 Increasing DTI report on DTI,

Agri-based (2021) Value of Exports PGLUs
industries increased in Leading
Industries by
(US$ Million)
Sector
(2021)

(2021)

(2021)

(2021)
Sub-Chapter Outcome 3: Resilience of AFF Value Chains Improved
Number of farmers 161,134 212,701 246,685 286,098 331,808 384,821 446,304 PCIC PCIC
and fisherfolks (2021)
insured with crop
insurance
increased

187
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Total Value of Decreasing Damages and DA

Damages to Losses
Agriculture Assessment
(Fisheries, Report
Agricultural
Infrastructure, and
Agriculture
Machineries)
attributable to
Natural Disasters
decreased
Note: Some of the data baselines were requested but are yet to be provided.
1 Department of Agriculture. (2021). National Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization and Industrialization Plan (NAFMIP) 2021-2030.
https://bar.gov.ph/downloadables/06232022_NAFMIP%202021-2030.pdf.
2 Ibid.
3 National Meat Inspection Service. (2022). List of Licensed Cold Storage Warehouses.
https://nmis.gov.ph/images/pdf/accredited_list/2022/aug/csw_081822.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3wVxyeTSf-m-RTvrltHnSbIm-
FhvUk4w92fWNPtr1i_UD0gGH5J8i1HW0; Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. (2022). List of Accredited Cold Storage Warehouse.
https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/LIST-OF-ACCREDITED-COLD-STORAGE-WAREHOUSE-1-1-1.pdf.
4 The Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture program is a flagship program of the Department of Agriculture on climate change
adaptation. The Department of Agriculture Systems-wide Climate Change Office (DA-SWCCO), under the Office of Policy and Planning,
oversee this program. See full information about this program here https://amia.da.gov.ph/
5 Through the Memorandum Circular No. 04, s. 2020, under the aim of institutionalizing Climate Resilient Agriculture (CRA), the AMIA
program was transformed into market-oriented CRA enterprises trough the promotion of AMIA Climate Resilient Agri-Fishery Technology-
based Enterprises (AMIA-CREATE). See the full Memorandum Circular here https://www.da.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2020/03/mc04_s2020.pdf
6 Philippine Rice Research Institute. 2022. Rice Science for Decision-Makers. https://www.philrice.gov.ph/databases/rice-science-for-decision-
makers/

188
08
Revi
tal
izeI
ndust
ry
CHAPTER 8
Revitalize Industry
The industry sector is the driver of growth and the key to further strengthening the economic resilience
of the region. The major industries that contribute to the economic performance of the region are
manufacturing and construction, and both are integral in further advancing the region’s
competitiveness and capacity to attract investment. Key industry players are the MSMEs whose
contributions to the region’s economy and in alleviating socioeconomic challenges are substantial.
By 2028, the regional industry sector will be inclusive of the main industry players and its revitalization
will be complemented by the development of the science, technology, and innovation ecosystem.
Further strengthening the intersection of industries with the AFF and services sector, as fueled by an
upskilled and competent workforce that will enable the expansion of the region's production and
supplier base, will be the direction of the region for the next six years.

The pandemic has caused major disruption The industry sector remarkably bounced
in the region’s economy, which affected the back in 2021. The industry sector grew by 9.9
growth of the industry sector in 2020. percent in 2021 from a negative growth of 9.5
Though the sector posted positive growth in percent in 2020. All the subsectors posted
2021, a turnaround from the recorded positive growth from their recorded
contraction in 2020, most of its subsectors’ contractions in 2020. Construction recorded
outputs remained below their pre-pandemic the highest growth among the subsectors at
levels in 2019. 15.0 percent, followed by mining and
quarrying at 14.6 percent. These can be
COVID-19 hampered the growth of the attributed to the various public and private
industry sector. From 2017 to 2019, the construction projects implemented in the
industry sector was the major growth driver region during the year to accelerate
of the economy, with an annual average infrastructure development. However, the
growth of 8.7 percent. However, the sector’s growth of the two subsectors remained below
growth was affected by the disruptions their 2019 performance.
caused by the pandemic in 2020. All its sub-
sectors suffered contractions, with Manufacturing surpassed its pre-pandemic
construction, and mining and quarrying growth. The manufacturing subsector
posting the highest declines of -14.4 percent rebounded in 2021 with a nine percent
and -11.3 percent, respectively. growth. This was significantly higher than its
pre-pandemic figures and an annual growth
Chapter 8: Revitalize Industry

193
of 3.2 percent from 2017 to 2019. This was During the pandemic, the lockdowns and
due to the increase in investments in food travel restrictions slowed down the
processing establishments recorded for the registration of business establishments.
year, which can be attributed to the However, different initiatives were
resumption of regional economic activities. undertaken by the government allowing a
wider reach of business development
The share of the manufacturing subsector assistance by bringing government services
to the GRDP increased in 2021 but fell closer to the people such as the Negosyo
short of its performance in 2017 and 2018. Serbisyo sa Barangay (NSB). In addition, a
The share of the manufacturing subsector in livelihood seeding and entrepreneurship
the region’s economy posted a declining development program for micro-enterprises
trend from 2017 to 2019 and remained affected by the pandemic and other
constant in 2020. Though it recorded an calamities was also provided to help them
increased share of 8.9 percent in 2021, it was mitigate the effects of the pandemic and to
still below its levels in 2017 and 2018. help them sustain their operations.
Employment generated by the industry and More businesses were adopting digital
manufacturing sectors increased. The platforms. There was an increasing trend in
employment generated by the Industry and the number of businesses using the internet
Manufacturing sectors showed an increasing as more entrepreneurs were encouraged to
trend from 2017 to 2019. Employment in the explore digital platforms and various digital
industry sector totaled 394.6 thousand in marketing seminars conducted by DTI-1 in
2019, while employment in manufacturing line with their Negosyo Center, E-
was registered at 116.9 thousand. Men still Commerce, and SME Development
dominated both sectors, and the percentage programs. In 2021, around 13,142 businesses
of men employed in the sectors continued to were recorded using the internet from only
increase during the period. 96 in 2017. Among the provinces,
Pangasinan had the most number of
The number of MSMEs registered in the
businesses using the internet with a 37.2
region showed an increasing trend from
percent share. This was followed by Ilocos
2017 to 2021 but slowed down during the
Sur with a 25.4 percent share and La Union
pandemic in 2020. The intensified
with a 21.5 percent share. Meanwhile, Ilocos
dissemination of information through the
Norte posted the least number of businesses
Negosyo Centers (NCs) including the
using the internet with a 15.9 percent share.
business livelihood training, technical and
credit assistance, among others may have Region 1’s shoreline, apart from attracting
contributed to the positive performance. tourists, also yields an important resource

194
for Filipino people – salt. With an estimated country. As early as 2022, the region called
land area of 4,062 hectares available for salt for the revival of the salt industry and
production, the provinces of Ilocos Norte, adopted salt as a regional strategic
Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, and La Union will commodity through RDC-1 Resolution No.
continue to be major salt producers in the 51, series of 2022.
Strategy Framework
A revitalized industry sector is characterized (See Figure 8.1) shows the relevant strategies
by an expanded and innovative regional that will contribute to the attainment of a
production and supplier base, increased revitalized regional industry sector that will
competitiveness in regional industries, and enable the transformation of production
enhanced linkages with the agriculture and sectors to generate more quality jobs and
services sector- an intersectoral sinnaranay competitive products.
in the economy. The Strategy Framework
Figure 8.1. Strategy Framework to Revitalize Industry

195
Strategies
Chapter Outcome: Revitalize industry through science,
technology, and innovation-driven industrialization
Revitalizing the regional industry sector specific research and development and
outlines the transformation of the regional technology, and be capable of producing
production, manufacturing, and local supply products and services that are at par with
sector by intensifying support for emerging national and international standards. The
and innovative regional industries and interconnection of the industry with other
enterprises and enhancing the linkages of the sectors in the region can further drive the
region’s industries. Drivers to achieving region’s industrialization endeavors.
regional industrialization are improvement
in the competitiveness of MSMEs through Driven by sectoral linkages and enabled by an
continuous process innovation and human economic environment that fosters
resource upskilling. Thus, complementary to competition and innovation through science
the attainment of revitalized regional and technology (S&T), the revitalized
industries is moving up the value chain industry creates a viable economic condition
through regional industrialization enabled by where jobs can be generated and products are
innovative MSMEs and a competitively competitive. The realization of the strategies
skilled workforce. This entails a workforce in this Chapter will contribute to SDG 8
ready to face the demands of emerging (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and 9
industries, consume and adopt industry- (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).
Outcome 1: Domestic market production and supplier base

expanded
manufacturing centers as they exhibited
Advance manufacturing
strong performance over the years.
activities in the region
Innovation in food processing and
The manufacturing activities continue to manufacturing also complements the
grow as seen in its growing share of the region’s food security goal (See Subchapter
region’s economy and increasing 6.1). Furthermore, the region can explore the
contribution to the growth of the industry development of food processing and
sector. The region will seize this opportunity manufacturing plants for regional priority
to further advance the manufacturing sector, and strategic commodities (See Chapter 7).
particularly the food processing and

196
Localization and regional implementation manufacturing activities by incorporating it
of the Securing Manufacturing into their respective LDIPs and allocating
Revitalization and Transformation both fiscal and physical space as inscribed
(SMaRT) Program. The DTI-1 through the through the CDP and CLUP, respectively.
(SMaRT) Program will revitalize the This assures that manufacturing activities are
manufacturing sector to continue its high not only prioritized at the regional level but
growth trajectory and help the industries can also be realized at the local and provincial
transition to the 4IR. This will be done by levels. The local manufacturing activities
engaging the industries in innovation and shall focus on further intensifying the circular
digital transformation. Moreover, the economy strategy, particularly in the repair,
structural barriers faced by the industries in recycling, and repurposing of the produced
preparation for 4IR will be addressed. and already consumed products. This can
make the region’s industrial sector both
Upgrading and provision of technology- restorative and sustainable.1
based interventions. The region through
DOST-1 and DTI-1 will sustain partnerships Maximize the comparative
with manufacturing firms. Technology advantage of the region in the
upgrading and provision of technology- salt production industry
based interventions will be done through the
Innovation Fund and government flagship Prioritizing salt as a major regional
programs such as the Small Enterprises commodity invites investment in the salt
Technology Upgrading Program (SETUP). industry and encourages the provision of
Through the program, SMEs in the region support to salt producers in the region by
will continue to be assisted and encouraged relevant government agencies. Along with
to adopt technology innovations to improve other policy directions and agency programs
their operations and boost their productivity in the next six years, the region will hasten the
and competitiveness. The program will also provision of technical, technological,
enable them to address their technical training, and financial assistance to the
problems through technology transfer and region’s local salt industry, thereby boosting
technology interventions. local salt production activities. The region,
with DA-BFAR-1, and the LGUs as the lead,
Strengthen manufacturing activities shall continue the initiatives under the
through Local Development Investment Development of Salt Industry Project (DSIP)
Program (LDIP) and allocate both fiscal that was implemented in 2022 with Region 1
and physical space as inscribed through the as one of the pilot regions.2 This entails the
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) continuous provision of financial and
and CLUP. The LGUs can strengthen their technical assistance, as well as capability

197
building, to marginal salt makers on the salt consultation can facilitate the upgrading of
production methods and facilities, regional industry roadmaps. The region l
packaging, storage, and product marketing. through DTI-1 shall work towards the
Complementing the efforts of the National development of Commodity Industry
Government Agencies (NGA) and LGUs, the Roadmaps (CIR) that integrates the
salt industry will greatly benefit from having Provincial and City Commodity Investment
strong private sector support. This can be Plans (PCIP) and improves the linkages
realized by having a strong partnership with among agri-fishery, industry, and investment
the region’s existing ecozones in terms of at the provincial level. As the top producer of
trade, product development, and investment mango in the country with the highest
promotion activities (See Chapter 11). average yield per hectare from 2010 to 2020,5
the region shall formulate a Regional Mango
The comparative advantage of the region in Industry Roadmap that will outline the
the salt industry will be maximized by development of mango industries in the
accelerating the establishment of salt coming years, consistent with and as part of
innovation centers in the region. In the next the localization of the Philippine Mango
years, the SUCs are enjoined to support, Industry Roadmap.
propose, and implement R&D related to salt
and replicate the efforts of PSU3 and Don The industry roadmaps shall be monitored
Mariano Marcos Memorial State University and will be reported to the Economic and
(DMMMSU)4 in reviving the salt industry of Development Sectoral Committee
the region. To support this, the region will (EDSecom) of the RDC-1. Furthermore, the
encourage the LGUs with salt industries to Region 1 Competitiveness Roadmap 2021-
allocate funds for salt industry development 2028, approved and endorsed to the LGUs
and to support the SUCs in the development through the RDC-1 Resolution No. 43 series
of salt centers. of 2021, will be instrumental in achieving the
desired level of competitiveness for the
Upgrade regional industry region and in creating a viable economic
roadmaps environment where industry roadmaps can
be implemented (See Chapter 11).
A participatory and inclusive medium- and
long-term regional industry roadmap

198
Outcome 2: Moving up the value chain achieved
Competitiveness improved
espouse the entrepreneurial culture in the
Provide support to innovative
scientific and academic community.
startups
Supporting innovative startups will also
With the passage of Republic Act (RA) No. involve the services sector. This includes
11337 or the “Innovative Startup Act”, the creative ways to fund the services needed
region will pursue a Regional Startup through venture capital, provision of
Development Program with a corresponding preferential rates with respect to local taxes
investment plan that is aligned with the and permits, linkage with existing research
Philippine Startup Development Program infrastructure, and providing a single
(PSDP). This program entails the widest window of entry for them to be coordinated
dissemination of the provisions, operational with supportive government agencies
benefits, incentives, and subsidies targeting through Negosyo Centers.
innovative startups in the region.
Intensify support and
The region will continue to accelerate startup
assistance to industry firms and
development and incubation through the
MSMEs in technology adoption
startupAID and Strategic MSMLE & Startup and implementation of
(SMART) link, particularly targeting priority digitalization
commodity enterprises, agrotechnology,
manufacturing, and tourism-related startups. As industries continue to evolve in the advent
Regional agencies will facilitate the provision of 4IR, the region will provide support to
of informational support and technical industries that will invest in emerging
assistance to aspiring startups and continue technologies, digital transformation, and
to link them with relevant national innovation. The existing 81 Negosyo Centers
government programs and grants. The of DTI-1 will further be capacitated for
region will also engage with OFWs and innovative practices that will prepare the
encourage them to establish business startups region’s enterprises for 4IR. The access to
through the DOST-1 program Innovations common service facilities, fabrication
for Filipinos Working Distantly from the laboratories, and provision of existing
Philippines (iFWDPH). Furthermore, part technological tools to MSMEs through an
of the development of startups is tapping upgraded and innovation-based SME Roving
SUCs and HEIs to turn scientific research Academy (SMERA) will be intensified.
into startups by providing the necessary Additional Technology Business Incubators
business capacity programs that will further (TBI) shall be established to hasten the

199
support given to startups, facilitate the Program, will further improve the uptake of
creation of jobs, promote entrepreneurial technology and utilization of e-commerce
culture, and forge innovation partnerships. platforms among industry firms and MSMEs.
Furthermore, the region will accelerate These efforts are aligned with the pursuit of
business mentoring programs and support internationalization of the region’s industries
financial and entrepreneurial literacy (see and will contribute to the continuous
Chapter 10), specifically targeted to startups, development of their products for them to
industry firms, and MSMEs. become competitive at the national and
global scale (See Chapter 9).
The DTI-1, through the regional
implementation of its E-Commerce
Dynamic Industry Ecosystem Created

capacitate MSMEs towards invention and
Intensify the establishment of
innovation thereby promoting new breeds of
common services and industry
4.0 facilities in the region tech-adaptive enterprises.
Intensifying the promotion of common Ensure matching and

services facilities and their continuous integration of industry skills
upgrading to cope with the demands of 4IR requirements into education
will improve the productivity and efficiency and training institutions
of enterprises in the region through the
The academe and training institutions in the
provision of innovative technological
region shall further fortify the role of industry
solutions and the upgrading of local products
partners and organizations through
that are globally competitive. The region shall
partnership in the development of modules
intensify the IEC campaigns of the SSFs to
and curricular programs (See Chapter 5),
ensure that MSMEs’ access to these shared
particularly in emerging areas such as
facilities will remain unhampered.
Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning,
Furthermore, allowing efficient integration
between the agriculture and services sectors and deep learning. Involving a federation of
through the provision of inputs and industries and employers to develop quality
marketing of the outputs of the MSMEs using higher education and training will foster a
these SSFs will strengthen the intersectoral more dynamic training and education sector,
links. Apart from intensifying and upgrading capable of responding to the fast-paced
the establishment of SSFs, the region should changes in the industry sector. The presence
continue to increase and expand its of diverse regional industry technical panels
fabrication laboratories (FabLab) to assessing curricula and training programs

200
will ensure that a close and constant to educational facilities in developing
engagement with emerging industries will be training facilities aligned with industry
able to address the mismatch in the skills requirements, and development and
preparation between industry employers and intensification of affordable, if not
education and training institutions. TESDA- subsidized, training and mentorship courses
1 shall likewise pursue area-based TVET to emerging industries (See Chapters 5 and 9).
programs to ensure that the skills The TESDA-1 shall expand their training
requirements in the provinces are made programs for 4IR to meet the demands for
available. 21st century skills. Furthermore, the region
will continue to intensify its advocacy and
Increase investment in skills programs related to promoting skills
development development among Women-led MSMEs,
particularly in adopting e-commerce in their
The region will continue to work on
operations.
addressing the challenges related to limited
industry-led training programs due to To incentivize industries to upskill their
inadequate budgets, lack of access, and workforce, government training institutions
information asymmetries in the relevant and agencies should develop accessible
training that needs to be prioritized.6 support programs that are pitched to
Transforming the industry sector to be industries and encourage their participation
responsive to the 4IR and adapt to the through the provision of subsidies for
changes in the economic environment employee training fees. This includes training
brought by the digital age necessitates on emerging fields of data science and AI that
increased investment in relevant skills can assist businesses in upgrading their
development. This includes increasing the operations. Another sustainable approach is
expenditures in the R&D and innovation- to provide free training of trainers to industry
related skills development training to leaders with the specific obligation to return
MSMEs, private-public partnership in large- the subsidized costs by training a specific
scale skills development programs,7 support number of employees.

201
Establish technology-enabled Through the convergence of programs and

systems for industry firms strengthened collaboration among the
government-academe-industry, the region’s
The presence of a coherent and secure
industries, MSMEs, and startups will enjoy
database containing relevant industry firms
an enabling economic environment and
and enterprise information facilitates the
sustainable local innovation ecosystem. The
provision of targeted interventions during
convergence and collaboration work can start
economic shocks and aids business-linking
with the region’s priority industries that shall
activities, apart from providing relevant
be formulated by the RDC-1 Investment
information for policymakers and
Promotion Group (IPG). This can likewise be
development planners. The creation of a
pursued by building regional innovation
secure registry and systems compiling
networks and through the development of
relevant information on the region’s
RIICs or hubs, with pilot regions as
emerging industries and enterprises will
benchmarks (See Chapter 10). Furthermore,
improve automation, fast-track the provision
the region will explore ways to link the
of economic interventions during periods of
current and future S&T workforce with
instability, provide necessary statistics that
emerging industries and provide pathways
drive data- and evidence-based industry
for S&T students to exhibit their capabilities
policies, and improve business-linking
right after graduation through the concerted
activities. Furthermore, the creation of
efforts between education institutions and
regional innovation hubs, particularly the
industry associations. This, in turn, will fast-
Region 1 Inclusive Innovation Centers
track innovation programs in industries
(RIICs) in Region 1, along with the
through a capable S&T workforce.8
intensification of the transfer and
commercialization of publicly-funded
Promote cluster-driven industry
technologies will also be an integral step in
prioritization and
ensuring innovation in the region’s
diversification
industries (see Chapter 10).
Interconnected industries and associated
enterprises, regardless of the size and scope of
Pursue convergence and their market, benefit from clustering
collaboration in undertaking arrangements to maximize economies of
innovation programs for scale. A cluster-based industrial approach
industries from small to medium value-adding
enterprises and food-related manufacturing

202
and processing industries can generate strategies. Furthermore, the amendments in
agglomerated linkages, knowledge exchange, the Retail Trade Liberalization Act (through
and innovation. RA 11595), Public Service Act (through RA
11659), and Foreign Investment Act
Region 1 shall formulate the Industry (through RA 11647) specify measures aimed
Clustering Strategy (ICS) for 2023-2028 and to attract greater foreign investment.
its subsequent implementation through the
Industry Cluster Enhancement Program and
Enhance the servicification of
the Ilocos Region Industry Cluster Capacity
manufacturing
Enhancement project development for the
identified priority industry clusters in the The manufacturing sector relies on services
region. for inputs, and with the advent of a
knowledge-based economy, manufacturing
Strengthen the linkage increasingly produces services as its major
between industrial policy and output.9 With the global and national trend
trade and investment policy toward more production, use, and sale of
services by manufacturing firms,10 the region
The Philippine industrial policy emphasized
will enhance the servicification of
inclusive innovation recognizing that
manufacturing by imposing proper
technologies facilitate inclusive and
regulations related to the splintering of
sustainable industrial development.
production through subcontracting and
Instrumental to this is the approval of the
outsourcing of human capital to safeguard
Region 1 Competitiveness Roadmap 2021-
both industries and human resources. The
2028 and its subsequent endorsement of the
servicification related to R&D, innovation,
LGUs. This outlines the industrial policy of
and knowledge-based products will also be
the region anchored on the pillars of
prioritized as a supporting strategy for
economic dynamism, government efficiency,
improving the R&D and innovation
infrastructure, resiliency, and innovation,
ecosystem (See Chapter 10).
which will stimulate trade and investment up
to the local level. Capacitating manufacturing firms that
transition to automation in their expansion
The industry sector shall collaborate with
to more specialized and technical human
existing large manufacturing and technology
resources will also be pursued. The region’s
companies in advancing innovation in the
education and training institutions can
industry sector. Furthermore, a large
directly enhance servicification in
network of SMEs in their value chain will also
manufacturing and other industries. With
be tapped as part of the innovation and
the intensification of the IT-BPM industry at
adoption ecosystem through clustering

203
the global, national, and regional scope, the particularly office processes, accounting,
servicification of manufacturing also entails customer support, data management, voice-
expanded employment through domestic and non-voice support, along with many
and international outsourcing (See Chapter other specialized skills demanded by the IT-
9). Thus, the conduct of promotion activities BPM will be pursued in partnership with the
and specialized training for the region’s region’s education, industry, and training
current and future workforce related to institutions.
service-oriented knowledge work,
Legislative Agenda
Table 8.1. Legislative Agenda to Revitalize Industry
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Securing Manufacturing In revitalizing the manufacturing sector, the Bill aims to support the DTI, EDSeCom-1
Revitalization and development of innovative manufacturing industries, including the
Transformation (SMaRT) establishment of grants, credit, and venture funds to stimulate
Program of the innovation in the manufacturing sector. Moreover, the region’s food
Philippines Bill and beverage manufacturing sector will greatly benefit from the
implementation of this legislation, particularly because advancing
agriculture and advanced machinery and equipment were identified as
priority industries. It will stimulate startups and innovation in the
manufacturing sector at the regional and local scope.
Act Providing Support for It seeks to incentivize the registration of the MSMEs by providing DTI, DICT, ARTA, TESDA,
Micro, Small, and Medium support services that will aid in the efficient and effective operation of LBP, DA
Enterprises (MSMEs) in their businesses. The support services for online MSMEs may include,
Online Spaces but shall not be limited to, loans from government financial institutions,
regulatory relief and extensions, technical training, product
development services, marketing assistance, and logistics support.
With this bill, online entrepreneurial activities or MSMEs will be provided
with mechanisms for their integration into the formal regional
economy.
Local Ordinances Through the RDC-1 Resolution No. 53, series of 202211 actively advocated DTI, LGUs
implementing “Buy Local, for the adoption of the “Buy Local, Go Lokal” program of the DTI
Go Local” initiatives Complementary to this will be local legislative measures coming from
the local government units. Apart from providing support to local
MSMEs and industries, specific allocations will be dedicated to buying
locally produced goods and services, supportive of the Republic Act
9501 or the Magna Carta for MSMEs.

204
Results Matrix
Table 8.2. Result Matrix: Revitalize Industry
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS

INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Chapter Outcome: Industry Revitalized
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Domestic market production and supplier base expanded

Sub-Chapter Outcome 3: Inter-sectoral linkages enhanced
Growth in the Gross 9.9 8.5-9.5 9.5-10.5 9.5-10.5 9.5-10.5 9.5-10.5 9.8-10.8 PSA Regional
Value Added (GVA) of (2021) Accounts Statistics
Industry increased
Mining and 14.6 13.0- 13.5- 13.5- 13.5- 13.5- 13.5- PSA Regional DENR, ENR
quarrying (2021) 14.0 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 Accounts Statistics SECOM
Manufacturing 9.0 6.5-7.5 7.0-8.0 7.5-8.5 8.0-9.0 8.5-9.5 8.5-9.5 PSA Regional
DTI, EDSECOM
(2021) Accounts Statistics
Electricity, steam, 1.2 0.7-1.7 0.7-1.7 1.0-2.0 1.2-2.2 1.5-2.5 1.8-2.8 PSA Regional DOE, DENR,
water, and waste (2021) Accounts Statistics INFRA SECOM,
management ENR SECOM
Construction 15.0 12.5- 12.5- 12.0- 12.0- 12.0- 12.0- PSA Regional DPWH, INFRA
(2021) 13.5 13.5 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 Accounts Statistics SECOM
Number of 12,932 Increasing

construction from (2020)
PSA Construction DPWH, INFRA
approved
Statistics SECOM, LGU
construction permits
increased
Ilocos Norte 4,439 Increasing PSA Construction DPWH, INFRA

(2020) Statistics SECOM, LGU
Ilocos Sur 2,601 Increasing PSA Construction DPWH, INFRA

La Union 1,535 Increasing PSA Construction DPWH, INFRA

Pangasinan 4,357 Increasing PSA Construction DPWH, INFRA

Sub-chapter Outcome 2: Moving up the value chain achieved
Manufacturing as 8.9 9.0-10.0 9.0-10.0 9.5-10.5 9.5-10.5 9.5-10.5 10.5-11.5 PSA Regional
share of GRDP (2021) Accounts Statistics DTI, EDSECOM
increased

205
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Employment 318,367 342,244 367,912 395,506 425,169 457,057 491,336

PSA Labor Force
generated by industry (Oct 2020)
Survey
increased
Number of 311a Increasing

established Shared (2022) DTI Administrative
DTI
Service Facilities (SSF) Data
increased
Number of Regional 0b ≥1
Inclusive Innovation (2021) DTI Administrative
DTI
Centers (RIICs) Data
established increased
Number of business 1,157 Increasing

Census of Philippine DTI, EDSECOM,
establishments in (2018)
Business and ENR SECOM,
industry sector
Industry INFRA SECOM
increased
Mining and 39 Increasing Census of Philippine

DENR, ENR
quarrying (2018) Business and
SECOM
Industry
Manufacturing 953 Increasing Census of Philippine

(2018) Business and DTI, EDSECOM
Industry
Electricity, steam, 82 Increasing Census of Philippine DOE, DENR,

water, and waste (2018) Business and INFRA SECOM,
management Industry ENR SECOM
Construction 83 Increasing Census of Philippine

DPWH, INFRA
(2018) Business and
SECOM
Industry
Number of MSMEs 42,796 48,985 54,084 59,492 65,241 71,365 77,902 DTI report, based on
DTI, LGUs,
increased (2021) enterprise asset
EDSeCom
size
Ilocos Norte 9,247 (2021) 10,085 11,094 12,203 13,423 14,765 16,242
Ilocos Sur 13,254 (2021) 19,776 15,154 16,669 18,336 20,170 22,187
La Union 6,476 (2021) 7,124 7,836 8,620 9,482 10,430 11,473
Pangasinan 13,819 (2021) 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000

206
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Number of business 13,142 15,862 18,847 21,932 25,125 28,436 31,879

DTI, LGUs,
using internet (e- (2021) DTI report
EDSeCom
commerce) increased
Ilocos Norte 2,092 3,079 3,387 3,726 4,098 4,508 4,959
Ilocos Sur 3,340 3,674 4,041 4,445 4,889 5,377 5,914
La Union 2,826 3,109 3,419 3,761 4,138 4,551 5,006
Pangasinan 4,884 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000
a
Based on the Department of Trade and Industry data. https://www.dti.gov.ph/negosyo/shared-service-facilities/
b
Based on the administrative reports related to pilot sites of the RIICs.
1 Arthur, Linda, Derek Hondo, Maria Hughes, and Reetta Kohonen. 2022. Prospects for Transitioning from a Linear to Circular Economy in
Developing Asia. ADB Institute. https://www.adb.org/news/events/report-launch-prospects-for-transitioning-from-a-linear-to-circular-
economy-in-developning-asia
2 Funded under the Special Budget Request (SBR) of the Congressional-Introduced Initiative Project, the Development of the Salt Industry
Project (DSIP) covered Region 1 as its pilot region. The DSIP was implemented to improve the production and quality of salt through process
enhancement, improvement of practices on salt production, and product compliance to food safety standards. See the full Implementing
Guidelines for the Development of Salt Industry Projects as stipulated in Memorandum Circular No. 34, series of 2022 by the Department of
Agriculture https://www.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/mc34_s2022.pdf
3 In 2021, the Pangasinan State University (PSU) proposed the establishment of an Advanced Salt Innovation (ASIN) Center for funding under
the NICER Program. This was endorsed through the RDC-1 Resolution No. 38, s. 2021 titled “Endorsing The Proposed Establishment Of
Advanced Salt Innovation (ASIN) R&D Center For Funding Under The Niche Centers In The Regions For R&D (NICER) Of The Science For
Change Program Of The Deparment Of Science And Technology (DOST)”.
4 Viduya, Maricon. 2022 April 8. DMMMSU Revives Sea Salt Making Industry in La Union. DMMMSU.
https://www.dmmmsu.edu.ph/2022/04/08/dmmmsu-revives-sea-salt-making-industry-in-la-union/
5 Deparment of Agriculture-Bureau of Agricultural Research and Philippine Council for Agriculture and Fisheries. 2022. The Philippine Mango
Industry Roadmap 2021-2025. http://www.pcaf.da.gov.ph/index.php/commodity-industry-roadmap/
6 Asian Development Bank. 2021. Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in the Philippines. Philippines.
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/671881/benefits-industry-skills-development-philippines.pdf
7 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 2018. Funding Skills Development: The Private Sector Contribution.
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261984
8 Albert, Jose Ramon, Ana Maria Tabunda, Carlos Primo David, Kris Francisco, Charlie Labina, Janet Cuenca, and Jana Flor Vizmanos, J. 2020.
Future S&T Human Resource Requirements in the Philippines: A Labor Market Analysis. PIDS Discussion Paper Series No. 2020-32.
https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2032.pdf
9 Mercer-Blackman, Valerie and Christine Ablaza. 2018. The Servicification of Manufacturing in Asia: Redefining the Sources of Labor
Productivity. ADBI Working Paper 902. https://www.adb.org/publications/servicification-manufacturing-asia-redefining-sources-labor-
productivity
10 Miroudot, Sebastien. 2019. Services and Is the Distinction Obsolete? ADBI Working Paper 927. https://www.adb.org/publications/services-
and-manufacturing-global-value-chains
11 RDC-1 Resolution No. 53, s. 2022 titled “Supporting the Buy Local Advocacy Program of the Department Of Trade And Industry (DTI)
Region 1 by Encouraging All Local Government Units, Regional Line Agencies, State Universities and Colleges, and Other Government
Instrumentalities to Adopt the Same Within Their Respective Offices And Jurisdictions”

207
09
Rei
nvi
gor
ateSer
vices
CHAPTER 9
Reinvigorate Services
The Services sector remains to have the biggest share in the region’s economy, making the economic
structure predominantly service-based. Treated as the backbone of the region’s economy, the services
sector contributes immensely to the attainment of inclusive and sustainable socioeconomic
development. With the increasing servicification in manufacturing and industry segments, the region’s
services sector generates employment, contributes to a higher level of productivity, and promotes
stronger linkage with trade and investment that spur economic growth. Harnessing the potential of the
services sector, the region envisions a higher quality, productive, and high-value-adding sector enabled
by creative, technologically-adept, and innovative service industries and workforce. In the next six
years, the region will continue to foster a sector that is both socially inclusive and resilient, capable of
withstanding the demands of the 4IR. Likewise, the region outlines the strategies to attain a productive
and differentiated services sector.

The Services sector remained the main brought about by the pandemic, as
growth driver and the top contributor to manifested by the sector’s negative growth of
the region’s economy. It was one of the 9.6 percent in 2020.
sectors hardly hit by the COVID-19
Services recorded positive growth in 2021
pandemic due to the imposition of
community quarantines that resulted in the but was still below its pre-pandemic levels.
limited movement of people, goods, and The sector registered a 5.2 percent growth in
delivery of services. Though the sector 2021 from its contraction during the previous
recorded positive growth in 2021, it remained year. All its subsectors rebounded in 2021
below its pre-pandemic levels. except for transportation and storage.
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor
The Services sector already achieved the vehicles and motorcycles, Accommodation
upper band target for 2022 until it was hit and food service activities, real estate and
hard by the pandemic. In 2019, the Services ownership of dwellings, professional and
sector registered its highest growth rate in the business services, education, and other
past three years of the plan implementation. activities rebounded in 2021 from their
The sector’s performance during the year was negative growths. Meanwhile, information
also able to reach the higher band of the end- and communication, financial and insurance
of-plan target and was expected to increase its activities, public administration and defense,
growth trajectory to 2022. However, this was compulsory social activities, and human
halted due to the economic downturn health and social work activities continued to
Chapter 9: Reinvigorate Services

211
register positive growths. However, this was largest in Asia. On top of these sites are 17
not enough to put the sector back on track to protected areas that host bountiful flora and
its pre-pandemic level and was still below its fauna. All of these mentioned sites are well-
annual average growth of 6.6 percent from connected to the national highway system
2017 to 2019. This could be due to the (See Chapter 2).
continuous restrictive travel conditions in
2021. Nevertheless, with the safe reopening of Accommodation and food service activities
the economy and increase in business and bounced back stronger in 2021. The
consumer confidence, along with the massive accommodation and food service subsector
vaccination drive, the sector is expected to was highly affected by the pandemic in 2020.
recover fully in 2022. Among the subsectors of the economy, it
Tourist destinations abound in the region. registered the highest contraction at 46.7
A number of beaches dot the coastline of percent in 2020 but grew by 13.1 percent in
Region 1. Since the MNR runs parallel to the 2021, the highest growth posted during the
coast, most beaches are very accessible. The first five years of plan implementation.
popular ones include the Hundred Islands
Transportation and storage remained
(Pangasinan), San Juan (La Union), Santiago
weak. The performance of the transportation
Cove (Ilocos Sur), and Pagudpud (Ilocos
and storage subsector showed a declining
Norte). Moreover, historical marvels can be
trend which started in 2018. This was
found in the towns and cities. Apart from
aggravated further by the pandemic in 2020,
Vigan City which is a UNESCO World
which caused the sector to post a negative
Heritage Site, the region also hosts the
growth of 32.5 percent. Though the sector
Church of Our Lady of the Assumption (Sta.
improved in 2021, it still recorded a
Maria, Ilocos Sur) and Saint Augustine
contraction of 1.8 percent.
Church (Paoay, Ilocos Norte). Both of these
churches are also listed as UNESCO World Services sector remained the top
Heritage sites. There is also the Minor employment generator in the region’s
Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary of economy. The Services sector continued to
Manaoag (Pangasinan), a major pilgrimage account for more than half of the region’s
site that draws tourists for religious or total employment from 2017 to 2019.
spiritual purposes while sightseeing. With Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor
regard to the more modern ones, the San vehicles and motorcycles are the largest
Roque Dam (San Manuel, Pangasinan) is the employers in the sector with an average of
largest dam in the country and one of the 37.5 percent share, followed by agriculture,

212
fisheries, and forestry in the region’s total sector of the economy that was women-
employment. Services was also the only dominated and expanding continuously.
Strategy Framework
Reinvigorating the region’s services sector to In the next six years, the region will focus on
transform the production sectors to generate strengthening the region’s services sector by
more quality jobs and competitive products (1) expanding the market to enable
necessitates the expansion and improvement differentiated and modernized services to
of the current market that caters to the major thrive while still being integral in promoting
services produced by the region. inclusive growth and improving the
Instrumental in the transformation of the socioeconomic situation of the populace, (2)
services sector are partnerships and developing the region’s creative industries
investments in the region’s creative and promoting innovation in the services
industries and innovation ecosystem. In turn, sector to highlight the region’s services value
this will strengthen the services value proposition, and (3) enhancing sectoral
proposition of the region and enhance its linkages through connectivity, digitalization,
inter-sectoral linkages- an example of innovation, and collaboration (See Figure
sinnaranay across various sectors of the 9.1).
economy to ensure that all are propelling the
region towards its goals.
Figure 9.1. Strategy Framework to Reinvigorate Services

213
Strategies
Chapter outcome: Reinvigorate services
The regional services sector remains to be the overarching goal of being a resilient,
largest part of the region’s economy. As such, inclusive, and competitive region requires
it contributes immensely to the overall harnessing the potential of its services sector
growth of the region. Beyond its contribution in providing high-quality services efficiently
to the region’s production, the services sector to various stakeholders. The services sector,
is also a key provider of employment. Given which captures a wide-ranging sub-
the scope of the services sector, expanding the industries and continues to be women-
productivity of this sector creates a multiplier dominated, contributes to the attainment of
effect that promotes productivity across the SDGs 1 to 12. 1
entire economy. Thus, attaining the region’s
Outcome 1: Market expansion achieved

Creative Cities Network.
Foster creative industries
Creative industries encompass facets of a The region shall actively scope its creative
knowledge-based economy, particularly industries and explore the formulation of a
highlighting areas such as design and regional creative industry roadmap that will
architecture, arts and crafts, advertising, integrate the regional tourism plans and take
research and development, entertainment into account the region’s rich cultural
and performing arts, and digital solutions. heritage. Integrating the creative industries in
Provided under Republic Act No. 11904 or the region’s tourism plans and programs will
the “Philippine Creative Industries be instrumental in building Region 1’s brand
Development Act”, the region will enjoin its of tourism.
LGUs to continue strengthening their Local
Culture and Art Council (LCAC), 2 Pursue sustainable
particularly in mapping the locality’s creative multidimensional tourism
sectors and in the implementation of policies, A sustainable multidimensional approach to
programs, and activities that will develop the tourism ensures the development of not only
creative industries. The cities in the region tourist attractions but the preservation of
can develop a Local Creative Industries natural resources and the promotion of
Development Plan 3 and explore the peoples’ culture and products. The tourism
possibility of applying in the UNESCO transformation shifts from consumption-

214
based tourism to value-driven tourism where The promotion of local tourism activities in
visitors genuinely interact, learn, and the region can ensure that the region’s
consciously work at preserving and tourism sector remains competitive and
protecting the tourist destinations, sustainable, and in turn, fosters continuous
communities, and environment. 4 The region development. The rollout and regional
will develop its brand of sustainable tourism provision of the DOT-1 product
that integrates the promotion of green and development manuals and training modules
eco-tourism activities and adopts creativity, for LGUs will facilitate further development
sustainability, gender responsiveness, and of the local tourism sector. 6 To provide a
cultural sensitivity in its framework. quality tourism experience, the tourism
Integrating gender responsiveness in the education and training offered by Region 1
region’s tourism strategy will empower will be updated and continuously upgraded
inclusive participation (i.e. women and to meet the national and international
LGBTQ) in the tourism sector and will competency standards (See Chapter 5). This
strengthen the region’s gender-related will ensure that the tourism workforce and
policies aimed at eradicating discriminatory professionals in the region are capacitated
practices and trafficking, along with and embody the Filipino Brand of Service
promoting gender awareness and equality, in Excellence. 7
the tourism services sector. 5
Anent to value-driven tourism, the region
With these, the region will pour in efforts to will continue to strengthen the connection of
support private tourism establishments and the tourism sector to culture, agriculture,
tourism-based MSMEs through the ecology, and the blue economy. With the
provision of training that focuses on high- expansion of agri-, eco-, and coastal tourism,
quality services. This partnership with the the region envisions creating more green jobs
private sector shall further be strengthened that will facilitate food security and
through continuous engagement with local encourage ecological protection.
tourism organizations and tourism industries Furthermore, the promotion of cultural
as partners in the development of Regional tourism will go hand in hand with the
and Local Tourism Development preservation of the region’s vibrant history
Masterplans, in compliance with Republic and its tangible cultural heritage. The cultural
Act No. 9593 or “The Tourism Act of 2009”. heritage tourism activities of the region will
Apart from that, the DOT-1, along with the revolve around the appreciation of the
LGUs, will continue to participate in tourism region’s narratives as expressed through its
strategic events, showcasing the value historical and heritage sites, monuments and
proposition of the region’s tourism sector. landmarks, museums, and unique cuisines.

215
Apart from continuously cultivating the these TRAs are preferably in areas where
creative and cultural heritage tourism in major bus terminals are located. In doing so,
Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur, these provinces tourists and non-tourists using public and
shall further bolster the promotion of their private transport modes are served. With a
sustainable natural tourism enabled by their TRA built in Pagudpud (Ilocos Norte),
picturesque coastal and upland destinations. additional TRAs are needed in Sison and
Furthermore, the rich culture and history of Bolinao (Pangasinan), Santo Tomas (La
the provinces of Pangasinan and La Union Union) and Candon City (Ilocos Sur).
shall be tapped pursuant of their creative and
cultural heritage tourism potentials while Encourage e-commerce
continuously expanding their respective agri- adoption in the region
eco-, and coastal tourism. To protect the
The region will hasten the growth of e-
cultural heritage of the region, these tangible
commerce by focusing on building up digital
historically and culturally significant
speed and security while promoting digital
landmarks shall be protected by law, and the
literacy to increase capability and confidence
LGUs shall zone the area where they are
in using digital financial services and e-
situated as heritage zones with strict
payments (See Chapter 12). By expanding the
restrictions to ensure that the buildings will
region’s connectivity infrastructures and
not ruin the aesthetic integrity of the zone but
through the provision of support to the
will rather blend with the historical site.
MSMEs in improving their technological
Retrofitting of old buildings for adaptive
uptake and resources, the region can
reuse shall be considered. Private tourism-
accelerate the integration of e-commerce in
oriented ecozones will be located in the
their operations. 8 This will also entail the
Wedges and these shall be designed towards
expansion of the programs offered by DTI-1
sustainable and pro-poor tourism (See
on improving the digital capacities of small
Chapters 2 and 11). To dissuade harm that
businesses and gearing them towards
can be brought by tourism to tourists and to
embracing e-commerce to gain the economic
local communities including human
potential it offers. Complementary efforts
trafficking and pickpocketing, intensified
like mapping enterprises that can subsume e-
police presence in tourism-heavy areas will
commerce in their operations and providing
be ensured (See Chapter 14).
assistance to the same will also be undertaken
The DOT-1 shall also establish Tourist Rest as part of the region’s E-commerce Program.
Areas (TRAs) in areas leading to major These efforts are aligned with the pursuit of
tourist destinations where round-the-clock internationalization of the region’s MSMEs
business establishments are not common. To by linking them in the global value chain and
also help make commuting comfortable, supporting the development of their

216
products and services to become competitive improving digital connectivity infrastructure
at the global scale (See Chapter 8). (See Chapter 13), reducing business
regulatory burden (Chapter 15), and creating
With the rise of e-commerce, 9 the region will an enabling business environment.
implement both mechanisms to harness the
opportunity it offers and safeguard Baseline mapping and scoping studies to
establishments and consumers alike. Apart identify relevant information on the
from strengthening cyberspace and readiness and comparative advantage of the
information security standards (See Sub- region for IT-BPM industries will also be
chapter 14.1), the region shall actively done. This will outline the region’s
advocate the benefits of e-commerce to preparedness for different onshore and
facilitate business market expansion while offshore outsourcing services, particularly
also providing technical assistance that will Business Process Outsourcing (BPO),
enable businesses and small enterprises to Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO),
address issues related to cybersecurity. The and Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO).
DTI-1, in partnership with the DICT-1, shall The cities of Ilocos Sur, La Union, and
continue its efforts in informing the MSMEs Pangasinan can be explored as possible areas
on the tenets of cybersecurity by for the IT-BPM ecozones to supplement the
continuously providing accessible and free existing cluster of IT ecozones in the vicinity
training modules and programs. This will of Ilocos Norte (See Chapter 2). In the region,
improve the confidence of MSMEs to adopt the City of San Fernando in La Union and
e-commerce as a way of expanding their Urdaneta City in Pangasinan were already
operations. identified as “high potential areas” that can
be transformed into becoming digitally-
Provide support to the enabled and innovative cities by 2025, 10,11
Information Technology and generating investment and employment
Business Process Management opportunities from the IT-BPM sector.
(IT-BPM) industry in the region
Initiate strategic plans directed
With the continuing growth of the
at the personal services sector
Information Technology and Business
Process Management (IT-BPM) industry, the The personal services cluster of the region’s
region will create an enabling environment to services sector includes accommodation and
entice and accelerate IT-BPM entry. This food services, arts, entertainment, recreation,
includes capacitating the populace on and other service activities.1 The quality of
relevant skills needed in voice and non-voice the tourism experience is affected by the state
business outsourcing (See Chapter 5), of the region’s accommodation and food

217
services. Apart from highlighting the region’s Encourage the creation of
sustainable tourism initiatives to invite consumer interest groups
investment to expand the region’s
The region will support the creation of
accommodation supply, the region will also
consumer interest groups to safeguard its
expand the provision of training and capacity
stakeholders and aid the government in
building to the hospitality sector. The DOT-
understanding the needs of consumers of
1, in partnership with the private tourism
relevant services (See Chapters 5 and 12).
industry, can pursue partnership in the
Apart from ensuring that measures are in
provision of regular training of the
place to address complaints due to fraudulent
hospitality workforce. In an attempt to
transactions and issues related to quality of
provide a differentiated positive tourism
services, it will also encourage stakeholder
experience, the region can capitalize on its
participation in further improving the quality
variety of cuisines. Related to this is
of goods and services in the region by
providing support to restaurants and food
providing a safe platform for consumers to
chains, particularly creating a partnership in
provide their feedback and relay their
the promotion of healthy, appetizing, and
concerns. This will encourage business
safe local cuisines that will provide a positive
transparency and will contribute to resolving
imprint to local and international visitors.
issues related to poor environmental, social,
Likewise, the LGUs shall highlight food
and governance practices.
tourism in their local tourism plans.
Furthermore, the accommodation facilities
will be encouraged to source their food
products from local sources.
Outcome 2: Creativity and innovation in services value

proposition strengthened
employers, the wholesale and retail
Strengthen trade processes by
subsectors’ contributions to the growth of the
promoting efficient linkage
among suppliers, resellers, and services sector remain high. Thus, the region
consumers will greatly benefit in facilitating efficient
linkage among suppliers, resellers, and
The region’s distribution services cluster is consumers.
largely composed of the retail and wholesale
subsector that mainly deals with the resale of The region shall explore investing in
new or used goods to different end-users. centralized distribution centers positioned
Apart from being one of the region’s largest strategically to facilitate the quick delivery of

218
goods to consumers. With the increasing industry and diversification of processes.
adoption of e-commerce, the region shall This shall be attained through the conduct of
invest in safe storage facilities and innovative regular dialogue with owners of businesses in
all-in-one logistics operation centers where the services sector where the industry
products can be stored and shipped stakeholders can provide opportunities on
efficiently. This can drive down storage costs, what and how to train learners to respond to
speed up product delivery, foster organized industry needs (See Chapter 5). Aside from
distribution management that streamlines modernizing tourism and industry through
business operations, and improve customer the capacitation of services workforce, the
experience. Complementary strategies shall region also looks forward to advancing and
be implemented to ensure a smooth flow of preserving the niche tourism and industries it
goods from the supplier to the consumers. offers, particularly those that create a
This includes the development of an efficient differentiated customer-stakeholder
logistics network such as FMRs (See Chapter experience for visitors and residents alike.
13) and large cold storage facilities (See
Chapter 7), strong enforcement of rules on By fostering academe-industry collaboration,
product quality and market competition (See the region will capacitate its tourism and
hospitality sector with skills related to the
Chapter 8), aggregating small-scale suppliers
green economy, sustainable practices in
and resellers through cooperatives,
tourism, health, information and
promotion of e-commerce, and protection of
communication technologies, culture and
consumer rights.
history, and community involvement. This
will provide a unique experience to the
Enhance labor capacities in the
region’s visitors. The region’s education and
services sector through
training sectors can also map the skills needs
government-academe-industry
collaboration of the IT-BPM and manufacturing sectors
and take this into account in updating their
As the region transitions to digitalization and respective curricula and modules.
servicification, the services sector needs to
strengthen its linkage with education and Accelerate innovation in the
training institutions in pursuing reskilling distributive and producer
and upskilling of the services workforce Services sector
anticipatory of the changes in the current
labor market (See Chapter 5). As part of Distribution services include wholesale trade
continuously developing high-quality services, retailing services, franchising, and
tourism services, the tourism sector should commission agents' services. On one hand,
be attuned to the major trends in the tourism accounting firms, consultants, and computer

219
design services are prominent examples of Develop technology parks,
producer services businesses. Innovation in creative talent hubs, and
these areas shall be accelerated by having innovation hubs
HEIs inculcate critical thinking and
The LGUs shall identify in their respective
innovation skills to students of marketing,
CLUPs and LIICs the priority service
commerce, accounting, and related
industries especially science-intensive ones
professions. The government financial
which may include computer design,
institutions will take proactive roles in
logistics, and modeling, and identify and
funding businesses in these areas, especially
develop areas where the possible locators
the projects that lead to innovation toward
may establish their operations (See Chapter
efficiency and sustainability.
10).

Strengthening the domestic services sector
Expand and improve aviation
necessitates improving its backward and
and maritime transport systems
forward linkages with the AFF sector and
Part of the medium-term regional recovery is industry sector, as well as improving the
gaining back losses in the region’s tourism linkage with trade. Furthermore, it also
industry and trade, and integral to this is the includes strengthening the collaboration of
improvement in aviation and maritime retail and restaurant owners with delivery
transport systems. Although domestic and service providers and the agriculture sector to
international commerce, travel, and tourism address concerns related to logistics and
in the region occur mostly by land, the inputs.
efficiency of aviation transport systems has
become critical to economic growth. The Encourage the entry of new
domestic shipping sector shall be further players in the delivery services
developed to facilitate trade and serve as an sector
alternative form of transportation (See
Incentivizing emerging services, particularly
Chapter 13).
the IT-BPM industries, accommodation and
Strengthen linkage and tourism-related establishments, and health-
convergence between the related services can accelerate the attainment
agriculture, fishery, and forestry of the region’s vision in the medium term.
(AFF) sector, and services The government, in partnership with
sector relevant stakeholders, can enjoin the LGUs to
provide necessary fiscal and regulatory

220
support to emerging services that are (eBPLS) in the region, strengthening the
specifically needed by the locale to invite connectivity in rural communities as
investment in those areas. The inclusion of indicated in Chapter 13, digital innovation in
these services can be reflected in the CDPs the tourism and hospitality sector, and
and Local Development Investment expansion of human resources taking on
Programs (LDIP). digital services and processes can boost the
contribution of services to the regional
Intensify digital transformation economy and effectively transform the
of the services sector services sector into becoming more
responsive to the needs of the 4IR. Fast-
Improving the regional e-governance
tracking the digital transformation of the
endeavors, including the full integration of
sector also entails instituting protective
online e-payment systems in LGUs, can
measures related to cybersecurity, data
intensify the digital transformation in public
privacy, and protection of digital information
service. Full deployment of the electronic
subsumed under the region’s digital
Business Permits and Licensing System
connectivity roadmap (See Chapter 13).
Legislative Agenda
Table 9.1. Legislative Agenda to Reinvigorate Services
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Enactment of the Local Critical to national digital transformation is the capacity of local DILG, DICT, LGU
Government Unit (LGU) government units to carry the demands of digitalization. Thus, support
Information and for this bill promotes not only ease of doing business (EODB) but
Technology Office Act transforms LGUs to automate public service-related transactions. This
will also sustain growth in both the information and communication
services subsector and the public administration services subsector.
Enactment of the Internet With the increasing trade and business conducted over the internet, RSDC, EDSeCom-1
Transactions Act protection for both the consumers and merchants engaged in e-
commerce will ensure a reliable and secure flow of goods and services
and creates mutual trust between the region’s sellers and consumer.
The region continues to grow its e-commerce operations and this
policy will create a viable environment where the services sector can
efficiently deliver goods while providing safeguards to the consumers.
The passing of this act will codify the conduct and qualification of e-
commerce with the creation of an E-Commerce Bureau that will
oversee the E-Marketplaces and other digital platforms.
Enactment of the The region has consistently strong performance in food service DTI, EDSECOM
Restaurant Industry activities. However, the pandemic has led to a setback in this services
Revival Act subsector. This Bill seeks to further support the restaurant industry in

221
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
bouncing back from the effect of the pandemic through bridge funding
and assist them in their transition towards reduction of food wastage
and sustainable use of agricultural products.
LGU Ordinance on the In revitalizing the tourism sector, the LGUs can adopt strategic DOT, LGU
Integrating Sustainable directions related to sustainable green/blue tourism and creative and
Green/Blue Tourism and heritage industries through ordinances. Moreover, this provides
Creative and Heritage direction for the local government units to transform their tourism
Industries in their from consumption-based to value-driven through sustainable
Respective Local Tourism practices and the integration of a creative economy. This, in turn, will
Code and Local Tourism stimulate the direction of tourism development plans consistent with
Development global, national, and regional plans.
Results Matrix
Table 9.2. Result Matrix: Reinvigorating Services

INDICATORS
Chapter Outcome: Services Reinvigorated

Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Market expansion achieved
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Creativity and innovation in services value proposition strengthened
Sub-Chapter Outcome 3: Inter-sectoral linkages enhanced
Growth in the 5.2 6.5-7.5 8.0-9.0 8.0-9.0 8.0-9.0 8.0-9.0 9.0-
Gross Value (2021) 10.0 PSA Regional
DTI,
Added (GVA) of Accounts
EDSeCom
Services Statistics
increased
Wholesale 3.6 6.5-7.5 6.5-7.5 6.5-7.5 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 8.0-9.0 PSA Regional
and retail (2021) Accounts
trade; repair Statistics
of motor
vehicles and
motorcycle
Transporta- -1.8 4.5-5.5 5.5-6.5 5.5-6.5 5.5-6.5 5.5-6.5 5.5-6.5 PSA Regional
tion and (2021) Accounts
storage Statistics
Accommoda 13.1 7.0-8.0 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 8.0-9.0 8.0-9.0 PSA Regional
tion and food (2021) Accounts
service Statistics
activities

222
INDICATORS
Information 9.7 7.0-8.0 7.0-8.0 7.0-8.0 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 PSA Regional
and commu- (2021) Accounts
nication Statistics
Financial and 4.7 5.0-6.0 5.5-6.5 5.5-6.5 7.0-8.0 7.0-8.0 7.0-8.0 PSA Regional
insurance (2021) Accounts
activities Statistics
Real estate 2.1 2.0-3.0 2.0-3.0 2.5-3.5 2.5-3.5 2.5-3.5 2.5-3.5 PSA Regional
and (2021) Accounts
ownership of Statistics
dwellings
Professional 3.7 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.5-5.5 4.5-5.5 4.5-5.5 PSA Regional
and business (2021) Accounts
services Statistics
Public 3.0 3.5-4.5 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.5-5.5 4.5-5.5 5.5-6.5 PSA Regional
administra- (2021) Accounts
tion and Statistics
defense;
compulsory
social
activities
Education 7.4 7.0-8.0 7.0-8.0 7.0-8.0 7.0-8.0 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 PSA Regional
(2021) Accounts
Statistics
Human health 19.4 9.0-10.0 9.5- 9.5- 9.5- 9.5- 10.5- PSA Regional
and social (2021) 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 11.5 Accounts
work Statistics
activities
Employment 1,102,183 1.18 mil- 1.18 1.20 1.20 1.23 1.23
generated by (Oct 2020) 1.23 mil mil- mil- mil- mil- mil- PSA Labor Force DOLE,
services 1.23 1.25 1.25 1.28 1.28 Survey EDSeCom
increased mil mil mil mil mil
DOT Tourism DOT,
domestic tourist (2021)
Statistics LGUs
arrivals increased
Ilocos Norte 81,022 Increasing DOT Tourism
(2021) Statistics
Ilocos Sur 9,367 Increasing DOT Tourism
(2021) Statistics
La Union 113,034 Increasing DOT Tourism
(2021) Statistics

223
INDICATORS
Pangasinan 224,464 Increasing DOT Tourism

(2021) Statistics
Number of 438 Increasing DOT Tourism DOT,
foreign and (2021) Statistics LGUs
overseas tourist
arrivals increased
Ilocos Norte 0 Increasing DOT Tourism
(2021) Statistics
Ilocos Sur 0 Increasing DOT Tourism
(2021) Statistics
La Union 378 Increasing DOT Tourism
(2021) Statistics
60 Increasing DOT Tourism
Pangasinan (2021) Statistics
1
Serafica, Ramonette, Jean Vergara, and Queen Cel Oren. 2021. Regional Analysis of the Philippine Services Sector. Philippine Institute for
Development Studies Research Paper Series No. 2021-04. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsrp2104.pdf
2
In 2020, 89 out of the 129 municipalities have existing LCAC out of the 129 municipalities in Region 1. This is based on the reported provided
by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and reported in the Regional Annual Development Report (ARDR). See the
full report here https://ilocos.neda.gov.ph/m-e-reports/ardr/
3
Under the Republic Act No. 11904 or the “Philippine Creative Industries Development Act”, Philippine Creative Industries Development
Council (CIDC) will be created to prepare and implement the Creative Industries Development Plan and its Investment Priority Plan. In
support to this, the region can start mapping its creative industries and encourage the LGUs to formulate a localized Creative Industries
Development Plan through their respective LCACs. See the full Republic Act here
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2022/ra_11904_2022.html
4
Asian Development Bank. 2022. COVID-19 and the Future of Tourism in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank (ADB) and World
Tourism Organization (UNWTO). https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/784186/covid-19-future-tourism-asia-pacific.pdf
5
ASEAN Secretariat. 2020. ASEAN Gender and Development Tourism Framework and Work Plan (2020-2030). https://asean.org/book/asean-
gender-and-development-tourism-framework-and-work-plan-2020-2030/
6
National Economic and Development Authority. 2022. Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028 Chapter 7 (Reinvigorate Services).
https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/philippine-development-plan-2023-2028/
7
Department of Tourism. 2021. Philippine Tourism Human Capital Development Plan (PTHCD) for 2021-2025.
http://tourism.gov.ph/files/09-2022/09-20-2022/Printing/PTHCD.pdf
8
Quimba, Francis Mark and Sylwyn Calizo, Jr. 2019. Determinants of E-Commerce Adoption of Philippine Business. Philippine Institute for
Development Studies Research Paper Series No. 2019-24. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1924.pdf
9
Asian Development Bank. 2018. Embracing the E-Commerce Revolution in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank.
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/430401/embracing-e-commerce-revolution.pdf
10
Dela Curz, Raymond Carl. 2020 June 30. 25 PH Cities Chosen to be Next ‘Digital Cities’ by 2025. Philippine News Agency.
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1107517?fbclid=IwAR19t0FjwCw4GoGju-HL4JNTM-soLKPn62gCoEI8M8-u08qjbCie752J2rA
11
IT & Business Process Association Philippines (IBPAP). 2020 June 30. Digital Cities 2025: A Brighter Future Awaits in the Countryside.
https://www.ibpap.org/digital-cities-2025. The scorecard for Digital Cities were developed by Department of Information and
Communications Technology (DICT) teamed up with the IT and Business Process Association of the Philippines (IBPAP) and Leechiu
Property Consultants (LPC).

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1
0
AdvanceResear
ch
andDevelopment,
Technol
ogy,andInnovat
ion
CHAPTER 10
Advance Research and

Development, Technology, and
Innovation
Major driving forces of economic productivity are technology and research and development (R&D). The R&D,
technology, and innovation sector contribute to the overall regional economy by improving ways of doing things
and increasing the efficiency of the production of goods and services. In the next six years, the region will highlight
the role of R&D and Innovation ecosystem and its contribution to critically driving economic growth and
development by transforming production sectors to generate more quality jobs and competitive products.

In general, the region’s performance in registered in 2020. However, the region was
achieving the desired outcomes for the R&D, not able to sustain this performance. The
Technology, and Innovation sector slightly number of utility models and industrial
improved during the pre-pandemic years designs registered in 2021 decreased to 14
from 2017 to 2019. The region was able to and 4, respectively.
achieve most of the targets during the first
three years of plan implementation. The region posted several research
However, this was not sustained in 2020 publications in 2017 and 2018. A total of 646
because of the adverse effects of the scientific articles were published in the first
pandemic. two years of plan implementation. In 2018,
605 were published, which was 93.2 percent
There is still a need to boost intellectual higher than the 41 scientific articles
property creation in the region. No patents published during the previous year.
were registered in the region from 2017 to However, the research culture and
2020 despite the 14 applications filed. productivity remain underdeveloped.
Meanwhile, 207 utility models and 21 Hence, there is a need to increase the
industrial designs were registered in the knowledge creation outputs of the region in
region from 2017 to 2021. Even during the terms of scientific and technical publications,
height of the pandemic in 2020, additional 56 and citable documents.
utility models were registered during the
year. This was the highest number of utility Graduates in Science, Technology,
models registered during the period. Further, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
five additional industrial designs were increased but enrollment decreased. There
Chapter 10: Advance Research and Development, Technology, and Innovation

229
was an increasing trend in the number of through better access to technology.
graduates in STEM courses in the region Nevertheless, the region still needs to
from 2,994 in SY 2019-2020 to 4,359 in SY sustain the provision of technology and
2020-2021 and 6,728 in SY 2021-2022. interventions to the MSMEs in the next six
Similarly, there was also an increasing trend years to scale up technology adoption and
in the number of enrolled students in STEM utilization in the region.
from SY 2019-2020 to SY 2021-2022.
However, this was not sustained in SY 2022- The region needs to sustain its pre-
2023 as the number of enrollments decreased pandemic gains and continue to advance
to 48,189 from the highest number of R&D, Technology and Innovation activities
enrolled students posted at 60,379 in SY to contribute to the country’s Global
2021-2022. Innovation Index (GII) performance. Based
on the 2022 Global Innovation Index (GII)
More micro, small and medium enterprises report, the Philippines has been an
(MSMEs) were provided with technology innovation achiever from 2019 to 2022. By
and interventions. A total of 342 MSMEs 2028, the country's target is to be among the
were provided with technology and top 33 percent of economies in the GII.
interventions from 2017 to 2021. Of these, Hence, all the regions including Region 1
215 MSMEs were assisted through the SET- must continue their initiatives and advance
UP while 127 were through the Grants-In- their R&D, Technology and Innovation
Aid (GIA) Program of the DOST-1. The activities to contribute to the achievement of
SETUP program aims to encourage and assist the country’s target.
MSMEs to adopt technological innovations
to improve their products, services, and R&D spending as a proportion of the Gross
operations and increase their productivity Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)
and competitiveness. Meanwhile, the GIA decreased. Based on the latest data, the
program aims to strengthen science and region’s R&D expenditure as a proportion of
technology collaboration, technology GRDP declined to 0.05 percent in 2018 from
transfer and utilization, human resource 0.06 percent in 2013. Since R&D, technology,
development, information dissemination, and innovation are drivers of long-term
and linkages among various stakeholders. In economic growth and social progress, there is
addition, 10,816 MSMEs were provided with a need to increase the budget for the sector
machinery, equipment, tools, systems, and from knowledge creation to
knowledge from 2017 to 2021 under the commercialization of R&D products, and to
Shared Service Facilities (SSF) of the DTI-1 to reinforce the innovation and
improve their productivity and efficiency entrepreneurship ecosystem in the region.

230
Strategy Framework
To contribute to the goal of transforming sinnaranay primarily by the academic-
production sectors to generate more quality scientific-research community in the region
jobs and competitive products, strategies towards sustainable development and
supporting advanced R&D, technology, and economic transformation. ሺSee Figure
innovation as described in Figure 10.1 should 10.1ሻ.
be implemented. This framework displays
Figure 10.1. Strategy Framework to Advance Research and Development, Technology and Innovation
Strategies
Chapter Outcome: Advance Research and Development,
Technology and Innovation
Four sub-chapter outcomes must be realized into business opportunities that will create
to advance R&D, technology, and jobs for the region. These include basic R&D
innovation. These sub-chapter outcomes and knowledge creation strengthened,
emphasize the whole R&D and Innovation market-driven and customer-centered R&D
ecosystem, from knowledge generation to advanced, technology adoption, utilization,
knowledge application to create products, and commercialization scaled up, and
services, and systems and transform them

231
innovation and entrepreneurship
accelerated.
Outcome 1: Basic Research and Development, and

Knowledge Creation Strengthened
Increase investments in talent enhancing the learning environment in
recruitment, development, and schools by equipping primary to HEIs with
retention laboratories for teaching STEAM subjects.
Furthermore, the curriculum should be
The region will strengthen its knowledge
updated to include subjects that will develop
infrastructure through upskilling and
the skills needed in competing in advanced
reskilling of human resources especially in
industries. The region should also ensure
Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and
training and continuous up-skilling
Mathematics (STEAM) to meet the needs of
interventions for men and women trades and
the knowledge-based economy and 4th
craft workers.
Industrial Revolution (4IR). Due to rapid
technological advancement, the region’s Implement strategies for
talent pool must evolve and respond to the industry, energy, and emerging
changing needs in the local and global scenes. technology (IEET) under the
The region will advocate enrollment in HNRDA 2022-2028 and its
STEAM courses and promote available corresponding HRRDIA
scholarship opportunities from different
The formulation of the Harmonized National
agencies such as CHED-1, DOST-1, DA-1,
Research and Development Agenda
and LGUs to respond to the declining
(HNRDA) 2022-2028 has provided an array
number of graduates in STEM courses in the
of strategies for research, development, and
region. Priority will be given to the provinces
innovation in the IEET that will be adopted
of Ilocos Sur and La Union which registered
by the Harmonized Region 1 Research,
the lowest number of graduates.
Development, and Innovation Agenda
Furthermore, the region will also monitor
(HRRDIA) 2023-2028. As such, the
enrollment to courses under Tech-Voc
roadmaps and strategies applicable in the
Teacher Education as this is critical in
region will be implemented and continuously
building talent mass for the industries. Also,
monitored to ensure their alignment with the
in building talent mass, the region will
Philippine and Regional Development Plans
continue to endeavor in improving the
(P/RDP). Through this, the Region 1 industry
quality of instruction. This can be achieved
will be a science enabler that integrates
by improving the quality of education
science, technology, and innovation (STI) in
materials and faculty retooling as well as

232
its practices and processes. Furthermore, support R&D initiatives calls for a substantial
with the passing of the Philippine Innovation increase in budget and expenditure for R&D
Act, the RDC-1 will continue to implement institutions. The increase in financial
and monitor the National Innovation resources will hasten the implementation of
Agenda and Strategy Document (NIASD) on various programs and projects for the R&D
the regional scope1 and consistent with the sector in the region to aid in stimulating
STI roadmap under the Pagtanaw 20502. innovation. Consistent increases in funding
Furthermore, the academe and DOST-1 support will not only provide solutions to
research consortia will continue to conduct various problems but will also aid in
research and technology development with breakthrough discoveries that will drive the
the RRDIC as their conduit with the RDC-1. region’s economic performance. The RDC 1
through the RRDIC 1 will monitor the
Aggressively increase expenditures in R&D and continually
expenditure in R&D support the generation of data through the
The increasing demand for S&T services to R&D Expenditures and Personnel (RSE)
Survey of the DOST-1.
Outcome 2: Market-Driven and Customer-Centered

Research and Development Advanced
Create mechanisms for Undertake R&D in mutually
integrating market/user beneficial collaborations
information
The region will encourage public and private
Market trends guide the government and R&D collaboration to pool resources,
industries on what technologies and expedite workflows, save costs, and reduce
innovations to pursue which can compete on risks. Collaborative R&D initiatives are seen
the local and global scene. Vital in putting to provide greater benefits and impact on the
together a comprehensive picture of the STI ecosystem as they facilitate technology
market is the presence of industry profiles of commercialization. R&D collaborations
various priority industries in the region through the Science for Change Program
available online. The industry profiles will be (S4CP) and Regional Inclusive Innovation
mapped out through the initiative of DTI-1 Centers (RIICs) will play instrumental roles
in collaboration with other RLAs, academe, in this area. The private sector will also be
and industry players. tapped to help improve the R&D products of
the region to become more market-driven
and customer-oriented.

233
Prioritize upgrading and Increase government-industry-
expanding R&D infrastructure academe collaborations or R&D
partnerships
The region will invest in upgrading and
establishing new R&D facilities to cater to the The private sector will contribute to the R&D,
needs of researchers and the industry. This Technology and Innovation sector through
will be done by taking advantage of government – industry – academe
implementing projects under the SC4P and collaborations or R&D partnerships. Under
the institutionalization and continuous this strategy, the private sector will help shift
upgrading through increased budgetary the R&D activities of the region toward the
support for the operations of the Regional creation of market and demand-oriented
Science and Technology Laboratory (RSTL) products. This will be done by improving
in the region which is currently lodged at the academe-industry linkages, seeking the
DOST-1 in La Union. The region will also assistance of the private sector to provide
endeavor to put up provincial technology information on consumer trends and
laboratories to be placed in strategic locations emerging needs, and address market
to improve access to laboratory and testing challenges, and increasing private
services. This way, the academe, LGUs, investments in STI activities among others.
industries, private institutions, and the In addition, this strategy will ensure that the
general public will be provided with innovations in the region will grow into-job
assistance in product development and creating commercial products and services.
meeting quality assurance requirements.
Outcome 3: Technology Adoption, Utilization, and

Commercialization Scaled Up
Increase venture capital Institute (DOST-TAPI) and also to the
investments Startup Venture Fund (SVF) of the DTI-1.
The region through the efforts of the DOST-

The VFP for Start-Up and Technology-based
1 and DTI-1 will provide technical assistance
Projects aims to accelerate the
to start-ups to showcase their products for
commercialization of innovative
pitching to investors. These agencies will link
technologies or inventions by providing the
start-ups to access funding to the Venture
necessary funding support to IP rights
Financing Program (VFP) for Start-Up and
owners/assignees or technology-based start-
Technology-based Projects of the DOST-
up projects while the SVF provides venture
Technology Application and Promotion
fund for innovative Philippine startups.

234
Accelerate the RRDIC-1 will take the lead in disseminating
commercialization of market- access to the innovation fund, improving the
oriented and inclusive STI capabilities of proponents to come up with
products proposals as well as reviewing their
responsiveness to the region’s Harmonized
The region will support the promotion and
R&D and Innovation Agenda and alignment
commercialization of STI products produced
to the NIASD. This is to ensure that
by the public and private sectors to reach
proposals are responsive to local and national
target markets and clients. This will be done
needs and will have higher chances to get
through the promotion of accessing funding
approved by the National Innovation
support from the Innovation Fund. The
Council (NIC).
RRDIC-1 will take the lead in disseminating
access to the innovation fund, improving the Provide support for Intellectual
capabilities of proponents to come up with Property management
proposals as well as reviewing their
responsiveness to the region’s Harmonized Support setting-up of technology transfer
R&D and Innovation Agenda and alignment processes and facilitate commercialization of
to the NIASD. This is to ensure that university-owned technologies through the
proposals are responsive to local and national establishment and capacity development of
needs and will have higher chances to get the Intellectual Property (IP) Offices whether
approved by the National Innovation in the public or private sector. By instituting
Council (NIC). an IP system, scientists, inventors, and artists
and their creative works will be: a) rewarded
Accelerate the and protected with applicable transmissible
commercialization of market- rights, and b) provided with assistance for
oriented and inclusive STI commercialization. The region will
products vigorously assist other HEIs in instituting
their IP Office offices taking from the
The region will support the promotion and
experience of MMSU in Ilocos Norte. The IP
commercialization of STI products produced
office of MMSU serves as a precursor of a
by the public and private sectors to reach
full-fledged technology licensing office which
target markets and clients. This will be done
also conducts training from IP creation, IP
through the promotion of accessing funding
protection to IP utilization.3
support from the Innovation Fund. The

235
Intensify the transfer, respective projects and advocacies. The
utilization, and DOST-1 will strengthen collaboration with
commercialization of publicly- technology adaptors to facilitate technology
funded technologies and R&D adoption both for public and private sectors
products while SUCs will endeavor to promote
technology transfer as part of their extension
The region will continuously intensify the
activities. Specific publicly-funded
utilization and commercialization of
technologies like RxBox, biogas digesters,
publicly-funded technologies. The RRDIC-1
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), and solar-
will lead in promoting these technologies'
fertigation systems are mentioned in the
adoption for use by government agencies, the
relevant chapters of this plan.
private sector, and civil society in their
Outcome 4: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Accelerated

Increase financing Centers, namely the Garlic and Agri-
opportunities for innovation- condiments R&D Center and the Coastal
related projects or activities Engineering (COASTER) R&D Center both
located in MMSU in Ilocos Norte. The
Innovative products and services will be
COASTER R&D Center is expected to be
pitched to potential investors who can
completed in 2023 while the Garlic and Agri-
provide initial start-up capital. Through the
condiments R&D Center is for completion in
auspices of the RRDIC 1, funding windows
2024. Furthermore, the region will push and
from DOST TAPI through the VFP for Start-
support the formation of additional R&D
Up and Technology-based Projects, DTI-
Centers under this program. Other provinces
SVF, and NEDA Innovation Fund will be
such as Pangasinan, La Union, and Ilocos Sur
aggressively promoted.
which do not yet have NICER-funded R&D
Establish innovation hubs and centers will also be encouraged to establish
other similar platforms their own centers. The region will pursue
R&D Centers that will promote the
Pursue the establishment of regional competitiveness of the regional priority and
innovation hubs which will encourage strategic commodities, i.e. mango, peanut,
tripartite collaboration from the academe, onion, coffee, cacao, corn, bamboo, tobacco,
government, and industry to nurture new goat, bangus, salt, mungbean, dragon fruit,
ideas, conduct R&D activities and pursue and tomato (See Chapter 7). The region will
innovative and creative solutions. The region also work on the establishment of the RIICs
through the RRDIC 1 will monitor the that serves as a network of innovation agents
completion of two NICER-funded R&D

236
that collaborate to commercialize market- workforce in responding to the skills required
oriented research towards the in the labor sector, especially in highly
competitiveness of the region, which aims to competitive industries.5
generate better employment opportunities,
more entrepreneurial activities, and Accelerate business mentoring
sustainable economic prosperity in the programs and support financial
country’s regions4. Relatedly, the and entrepreneurial literacy
establishment of incubation centers in every Learning and development interventions will
province in the region will also be taken into be employed by the region to improve the
consideration to provide a supportive entrepreneurial skills of MSMEs, spinoffs,
environment for new ideas to grow and and start-ups targeting those that are towards
develop. The LGUs will be capacitated and promotion and commercialization of
encouraged to establish their incubation knowledge products. This can be pursued
centers and other similar platforms following through the implementation of the SME
the experience of the province of Ilocos Norte Roving Academy (SMERA) Program and
in establishing its incubation center. Negosyo Centers of DTI-1 and the
implementation of financial and
Support globally competitive
entrepreneurial literacy programs to develop
industries
critical skills to innovate and start businesses
Assistance to developing industries and in partnership with the private sector. As
technology interventions to further reinforce mentioned in the previous strategy under the
the competitiveness of existing industries establishment of innovation hubs and similar
with comparative advantages will be pursued platforms, the LGUs will be encouraged to
through DOST SET-UP and DTI Shared establish their incubation centers to assist
Service Facilities. Through the TESDA-1, the their local entrepreneurs to get access to
region will establish a Regional TVET resources, coaching and mentoring sessions
Innovation Center (RTIC) which will help and other capacity-building programs.
the region in upskilling and reskilling its

237
Legislative Agenda
Table 10.1. Legislative Agenda to Advance Research & Development, Technology, and Innovation
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Science for Change (S4CP) The bill aims to harness STI as an engine for economic recovery post- DOST
Program Bill pandemic and a driving force for inclusive and sustainable national RRDIC
and regional development. The region will benefit from the enactment
of this proposed legislation as this will improve industrial
competitiveness and allow the optimal use of R&D budgets allocated
to government institutions, prompt the rise of R&D Centers of
Excellence, and provide a conducive STI-supported economic
environment in the region. The RDC 1 supported the passage of this bill
through RDC 1 Resolution No. 59, s. 2021.
Establishment of the The proposed law aims to establish a premier research institute in the DOST, DOH
Philippine Institute of field of virology encompassing all areas in viruses and viral diseases in RRDIC
Virology humans, plants, and animals. Through the establishment of the
institute, the region can participate in and/or undertake virology
studies.
Enactment of the Science Through this bill, the innovation ecosystem of the region will be further DOST, DICT, LGUs
and Technology Parks Bill strengthened as it will provide various services on product RRDIC
conceptualization to commercialization. Specifically, the agribusiness
and manufacturing side of agriculture will benefit from this Bill given
the surplus produce in crops. This likewise helps the MSMEs in
enhancing their manufacturing practices and improving their
competitiveness through technologies developed in the S & T Parks.
Enactment of the National This proposed law ensures the integrity of measurements in the DOST
Measurement System country to meet regional and international requirements and provides RRDIC
support for the competitiveness of products and services across
different regions.
Institutionalization of the The proposed measure aims to promote and facilitate the transfer, DOST
Operations of the RSTLs dissemination, and effective use, management, and commercialization RRDIC
of ISO 17025 accredited laboratory services, referral systems,
technology, and knowledge resulting from linkages and support
funded by the government for the benefit of the national economy and
taxpayers. Through the institutionalization of the RSTL, the region will
have better access to testing and analysis that will ensure product
assurance to quality standards, compliance, and consumer protection.

238
Results Matrix
Table 10.2. Results Matrix: Advance Research & Development, Technology, and Innovation

INDICATORS
Chapter Outcome: Research and Development, Technology, and Innovation Advanced
Outcome 1: Basic Research and Development, Technology and Innovation Strengthened

Agency
graduates in (SY 2021- CHED, HEIs
Database
STEM increased 2022)
Male 2,022 Increasing
Female 4,749 Increasing
Number of 325 335 Increasing

researchers, (2018)
scientists, and
engineers (RSE)
per million RSE Survey DOST, RRDIC
population
increased, Full
Time Equivalent
(FTE)
Male TBD
Female TBD
Number of 605 Increasing

scientific (2018)
DOST, HEIs,
articles RSE Survey
RRDIC
published
increased
Number of TBD 69/year

Journal Articles
Published by
HEI teachers
and/or
CHED
students in CHED, HEIs
Database
Web-of-Science
and/or Scopus-
listed
publications
increased

239
INDICATORS
R&D 0.051 Increasing

expenditure as (2018)
a proportion of RSE Survey DOST
GRDP (%)
increased
Outcome 2: Market-Driven and Customer-Centered Research and Development Advanced
Number of Increasing
collaborations 3
between SUC- (2020)
Agency DOST, SUCs,
industry-
Report RRDIC
government
established
increased
Number of TBD Increasing

innovation hubs
increased
Number of TBD
DOST
TBIs
Number of TBD
DTI
RIICs
Number of TBD
TESDA
TESDA
Innovation
Centers
Number of TBD
technology
business CHED
schools
increased
Outcome 3: Technology Adoption, Utilization, and Commercialization Scaled Up
Number of 10 11 11 11 11 11 12
Patent (2021) IPOPHL IPOPHL, SUCs,
applications Report RRDIC
filed increased
Number of 0 3 4 4 4 4 5
Patents (2021) IPOPHL IPOPHL, SUCs,
registered Report RRDIC
increased

240
INDICATORS
Number of 17 21 22 22 17 17 18
Utility Models (2021) IPOPHL IPOPHL, SUCs,
registered Report RRDIC
increased
Number of 20 28 34 34 40 40 11
Industrial (2021)
Designs IPOPHL IPOPHL, SUCs,
approved and Report RRDIC
registered
increased
Number of R&D 10 11 11 11 11 11 5
Products (2022) Agency DOST, SUCs,
commercialized Report RRDIC
increased
Outcome 4: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Accelerated
Number of TBD 7 8 8 10 10 10
DTI, DOST,
Filipino-owned Agency
SUCs, LGUs,
startups Report
RRDIC
increased
Notes: TBD means to be determined
1
Based on the Republic Act No. 11293 or the “Philippine Innovation Act”. See the full Act here https://neda.gov.ph/the-philippine-innovation-
act/
2
National Academy of Science and Technology. 2021. Pagtanaw 2050: The Philippine Foresight. https://www.nast.ph/index.php/pagtanaw-2050
3
The Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) Intellectual Property Office offers services on IP Creation which covers facilitating access to
global science and technology information, IP Protection to promote domestic and globally competitive innovations and IP Utilization to
assist in the commercialization of globally-competitive innovations. https://www.mmsu.edu.ph/about/intellectual-property-office.
4
Department of Trade and Industry. Regional Inclusive Innovation Centers (RIICs). https://innovate.dti.gov.ph/programs/riics/
5
In 2021, the RDC 1 endorsed the approval of the Region 1 Component of the project titled, “Supporting Innovation in Philippine Technical
Locational Education and Training System (SIPTVETS)” to the to the Investment Coordination Committee through TESDA Central Office.

241
1
1
PromoteTrade
andInvest
ments
CHAPTER 11
Promote Trade and Investments

The region relies on and contributes to the domestic and international flow of goods and services
through trade. Enabled by a sound economic context, the trade and investment of the region in the next
six years will serve as a major contributor to regional economic performance. By 2028, the region will
improve the business environment by hastening local competitiveness, adhering to trade policies
steered by the national government, and improving the region’s export areas to create an
advantageous regional investment climate and economic growth.

The pandemic adversely affected the exports 2020 to US$0.14 in 2021. This may be
and investment conditions in the region in attributed to the inability of exporters to
2020. The 2019 investment and export level conduct full face-to-face marketing
was not sustained due to the pandemic's operations during granular lockdowns and
economic contraction. On the other hand, the global market shrinking due to the
the competitiveness of most of the LGUs in COVID-19 pandemic.
the region continued to improve, and the
number of MSMEs registered continued to The investments infused in the region
increase. plunged in 2020 due to the pandemic. Prior
to the pandemic, investments from Business
The region’s total export receipts continued Name Registration (BNR) and assisted SMEs
to decline in 2021. From 2017 to 2019, the in the region showed an increasing trend
region’s total export receipts significantly from PHP5,118.46 million in 2017 to
increased, recording US$82.59 million in PHP5,737.39 million in 2018 and a high of
2019. Among the provinces, La Union PHP8,577.39 million in 2019. However, it
continued to be the dominant provincial significantly declined to PHP4,140.85 million
exporter during the period with Tobacco in 2020. The pandemic slowed down the
sharing the bulk of the province’s total export region's economic activity which resulted in a
revenue. However, export receipts went decrease in the number of BNR registrants.
down to US$21.97 million in 2020 and Among the provinces, Pangasinan
further declined to only US$4.27 million in experienced the highest decline of
2021. This was also far lower than the 2021 PHP3,537.38 million, followed by Ilocos
target of US$34.2 million. All provinces Norte with PHP437.78 million. Investments
except Pangasinan experienced a significant generated in La Union and Ilocos Sur also
decline, most especially La Union which decreased by PHP355.83 million and
registered a drop in exports from US$18.30 in PHP106.11 million, respectively.
Chapter 11: Promote Trade and Investment

245
The region generated increased percent higher than the PHP3,398.60 million
investments in 2021 but still below its pre- approved foreign investments in 2021. The
pandemic levels. In 2021, the region region also contributed 13.9 percent to the
managed to generate PHP4,564.00 million total approved foreign investments in the
investments, PHP423.15 million higher than country.
its 2020 level. This may be attributed to the
establishment of online businesses due to the Bulk of the approved investments were
restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic and from Filipino nationals in 2022. Filipino
in order to adapt to the new normal. nationals contributed PHP68,362.3 million
However, this was still below its pre- or 67.0 percent in 2022. This was higher
pandemic levels from 2017 to 2019. Among
compared to the PHP2,918.2 million in 2021.
the provinces, only Pangasinan recorded an
Comparing it with the foreign investments,
increase of PHP925.11 million. Hence,
bulk of the approved investments in 2021
provinces and LGUs need to improve their
value proposition to entice investors to invest were from foreign investments or 53.8
in their locality. Region 1 ranked third with percent share compared to 46.2 percent share
the largest share of investment of Filipino nationals. Hence, there is a need
commitments in 2022. The combined to heighten the region’s attractiveness to
approved investments of foreign and Filipino foreign investors.
nationals for the region accounted for
PHP101,975.55 million in 2022, an increase Most of the region’s ecozones are devoted
from only PHP6,316.80 million investments to the Information Technology (IT) sector
in 2021. This made the region ranked 3rd and are located in the urban centers,
with the highest investments contribution to especially in Ilocos Norte. It was also
the total approved investments of the country observed that some mixed-used economic
in 2022 with 11.0 percent share, next to zones are in Eastern Pangasinan and they are
CALABARZON with PHP185,648.96 million not operating including the former Proton
or 20.0 percent, and Central Luzon with
plant between Alaminos City and Mabini.
PHP169,326.34 million or 18.3 percent.
Tourism economic zones are also in Ilocos
Meanwhile, 25.3 percent of the total
Norte and Pangasinan. In the future, the
approved investments for the year were
intended to finance projects classified as ports in San Fernando City (La Union),
“Nationwide” or situated in various regions Salomague (Ilocos Sur), and Currimao
of the country. (Ilocos Norte) can host mixed-used ecozones
as well. The long-standing dream of having
Total foreign investments approved in the another mixed-use economic zone in Suyo
region also increased in 2022. Total foreign (Ilocos Sur) when materialized will help
investments approved in the region in 2022 boost the growth in the said town and in the
reached PHP33,613.25 million. This was 889 Lower Amburayan Development Corridor

246
(LADC). An emerging need of this ecozone is LGUs continued to improve their rankings in
a nearby port where international access is 2021, except for the City of San Fernando,
facilitated (See Chapter 2). which slid by a notch. The LGUs in the region
improved in the three CMCI pillars –
The competitiveness of most of the LGUs in government efficiency, infrastructure, and
Region 1 continued to improve based on resiliency. However, they declined in
their CMCI ranking despite the pandemic economic dynamism, which may be
in 2020. Six out of nine cities, or 67 percent, attributed to the disruptions brought about
were able to improve their rankings from by the pandemic.
2019 to 2020. Moreover, the majority of these
Strategy Framework
The Strategy Framework displays how region’s export sectors will be restored,
exports and imports contribute to the sustained, and strengthened. Likewise, the
region’s sinnaranay towards a better life for total investment in the region will be
all. To promote trade and investments in increased and targeted to boost trade, skills
goods and services, the global position of the upgrading, and sustainability.
Figure 11.1. Strategy Framework to Promote Trade and Investment

247
Strategies
Chapter Outcome: Promote Trade and Investments in Goods

and Services
The region recognizes the vital role of open to inflows of investments from afar
imports and exports in attaining its goals. without necessarily comprising its local
Hence, in a rapidly globalizing world, it is industries.
imperative for the region to make its markets
Outcome 1: Global position of the region’s export sectors

strengthened and expanded
Diversify exports by fortifying building will be implemented in all identified
sectoral backward and forward key sectors in the region and these programs
linkages will undergo monitoring and evaluation by
the DTI-1 to ensure their effectiveness and
The market for export goods will be
competitiveness. Exports with a larger share
transformed by recognizing and encouraging
of growth potential will be prioritized to
local businesses that play catalyst roles in
determine their export competitiveness,
linking sections in the upstream and
demand, and supply capacity. This will aid in
downstream economy. The creation of a
elevating the investments generated in the
Regional Export Development Plan that
region as businesses slowly coping up when
streamlines the regulatory requirements for
investments plummeted in 2020 due to the
exporters can further encourage the export
pandemic.
market of the region. Further, this also entails
the implementation of policies and programs One of the primary exports of the region is
that would secure the backward and forward tobacco. The NTA-1 together with DA-1,
linkages across all sectors (See Chapters 8 and NIA-1, PCIC, and the LGUs will ensure that
9). input support will be provided on time to
Identify the key export sectors tobacco farmers to sustain the region’s export
in the region and formulate growth. To protect the environment, tobacco
competitive programs for farmers will be encouraged to do burley
implementation tobacco curing instead of using firewood.
Since a single tobacco company controls the
Active support programs for innovation, bulk of the region’s contract tobacco growers,
product development, design, and capacity the NTA-1 and other agencies which may

248
include the Philippine Competition
Commission will work to ensure that the
tobacco farmers are compensated properly.
Outcome 2: Total investment increased and targeted to

boost trade, skills upgrading, and sustainability
Improve the business climate Strengthen convergence
and strengthen the among government, industries,
competitiveness of existing and and academe on the delivery of
emerging industries programs to sustain business
operations of MSMEs and to
The region will entice investors by ensuring increase local and foreign
that the business climate is conducive to investments
investments. Moreover, the region will make
sure that such investments generate an Collaboration among government,
acceptable rate of return to the investors and industries, and academe will increase
more importantly, provide socioeconomic competitiveness and efficiency as well as
benefit to the region. This can be done by develop new products. Innovation projects
streamlining and harmonizing regulatory and new technologies to be adopted in the
requirements related to business registration, region will be aligned with the needs of
licensing, and loan processing will help existing and emerging industries as well as to
facilitate investment and business start-ups. meet international and environmental
Policies, incentives, and other measures of standards in the global market (See Chapter
both the national and local governments 10).In addition, responsible line agencies will
should be facilitated and harmonized. pursue mechanisms for streamlining both the
Furthermore, industry roadmaps to identify industry and academic research to increase
gaps and attract investments into key the competitiveness and efficiency of the
programs and projects will be developed and region’s economy and expedite product
implemented. development. In particular, the region will
pursue the establishment of RIICs which are
a network of agents that collaborate to
commercialize market-oriented research
toward the competitiveness of the region (See
Chapter 10).

249
Utilize the development of near its port in Salomague, together with its
economic zones (proposed and longstanding dream of having a mixed-use
non-operating ecozones) to ecozone in Suyo, Ilocos Sur. The Currimao
further improve the investment and Pasuquin ports of Ilocos Norte can host
climate favorable for both mixed-use ecozones as well. Local and
foreign and domestic investors foreign investors can develop additional
tourism ecozones which can be hosted in the
Vast tracts of lands intended for economic
upland areas of the region provided that these
zones remain unproductive and unoccupied.
tourism ecozones are dedicated to
Hence, utilizing the development of
sustainable eco-tourism (See Chapter 2). All
economic zones in the region can further
of these ecozones can be through the PEZA
improve the business and investment climate
program.
beneficial to both local and foreign investors.
The Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives Reinvigorate investment
for Enterprises (CREATE) Law provides promotion in the region
incentives to investors that will fully relocate
from the National Capital Region and may Increasing private sector investment is one of
receive additional three years of tax Region 1's development priorities, taking into
incentives. Thus, RDC-1 will continuously account the need to vigorously increase
provide technical assistance through the economic activity in the midst of the
Technical Working Group (TWG) on pandemic. This will be accomplished by
Economic Zone Development and by fast- highlighting the favorable business climate
tracking the development of economic zones and potential of the region by strengthening
to attract local and foreign investments. the Region 1 Investment Promotion - TWG
and creating a regional detailed action plan
To operationalize this strategy, the existing outlining the activities needed to promote
ecozones near Sual Port in Pangasinan need viable investment potentials in the region.
to be maximized as these can be tapped for
improving the salt industry (See Chapter 8). Reinvigorating investment promotion will
Cities in Ilocos Sur, La Union, and highlight the investable areas, sectors, and
Pangasinan are encouraged to tap private industries to potential investors promoting
sector developers of IT ecozones in their and generating strategic investments for the
vicinity through PEZA to supplement the IT continued development of the investment
ecozones in Ilocos Norte (See Chapter 2). climate of the region. Likewise, collaborative
Moreover, La Union will need to maximize investment promotion efforts of the
the potential of its existing ecozone in San concerned RLAs, LGUs, and private
Fernando City port. Ilocos Sur will need to stakeholders will be intensified to attract
have a mixed-use or agro-industrial ecozone more investors and create investments that

250
will aid in generating more jobs and boosting priority commodities in the region and
the Region 1 economy. In addition, the maximize the resources by achieving synergy
region will continue to encourage the LGUs between the different value chain players and
to create a plantilla position for Local building strong partnerships with the LGUs,
Economic and Investment Promotion line agencies, and the private sector.
Officer (LEIPO). The LEIPO will be
capacitated by the DTI-BOI on Investment Encourage all LGUs to actively
Promotion and will actively participate in the participate in the CMCI surveys
investment promotion efforts in the region. The CMCI is an annual ranking system
developed to measure and improve the
Strengthen the implementation
competitiveness among cities and
and monitoring of the
municipalities to build a business-friendly
Provincial Commodity
Investment Plan (PCIP) environment. The survey also serves as an
investment promotion tool, a take-off point
The PCIP is a critical tool advanced by for research, and a diagnostic tool for LGUs.
Philippine Rural Development Project In order to ensure the effective
(PRDP) to develop priority commodities in implementation of the CMCI survey, the
the provinces. The PRDP is designed to expertise of DTI-1 to provide technical
establish an exclusive and market-oriented assistance to LGUs in data recording and
agri-fishery sector through strategic gathering for the CMCI to improve their
investments in priority commodity value rankings should be tapped. This also includes
chains. However, the PCIP is not only assistance to LGUs in the creation of their
focused on the investments of PRDP but also strategic plans and identification of their
on leveraging resources from other National comparative advantage. Furthermore, LGUs
Government Agencies (NGAs) and the will be trained on the analysis and
private sector. In line with this, the region interpretation of the survey results and
with DA-1 as the lead will ensure that the improve the LGUs’ competitiveness based on
PCIPs are maximized. Moreover, LGUs will CMCI’s five main pillars, namely Economic
be encouraged to submit programs and Dynamism, Government Efficiency,
projects, and potential investments for the Infrastructure, Resiliency, and Innovation.

251
Legislative Agenda
Table 11.1. Legislative Agenda to Promote Trade and Investment
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCY
Amendment of Trade Making it easier for local industries to avail of and safeguard, along DTI, RDC
Remedy Law with anti-dumping and Countervailing duties
An act that aims to improve the competitiveness and quality of DTI, RDC
products, expanding its market capture and assuring the welfare of
Philippine Accreditation
customers. This act aims to further institutionalize accreditation
Bill
through the establishment of the Philippine Accreditation Authority and
the formulation of the National Accreditation Strategy
To spur economic growth in the region, LGUs are encouraged to PEZA, LGU
develop special economic zones called ecozones that would support
LGU Ordinances RA 7916 or the Special Economic Zone Act of 1995. All proposed
Establishing Special ecozones that have strong support from the RDC-1, should comply with
Economic Zones in the the requirements under RA 7916 by submitting the required
Region documentary requirements as well as the preparation of a feasibility
study and master development plan as bases for assessing national
government support.
Updated Municipal The MIRC and the LIIC must be fine-tuned to support investors who are LGU
Internal Revenue Codes on the competitive edge of the town in line with the Region 1
(MIRC) and Local Development Plan.
Investments and
Incentives Codes (LIIC)
Results Matrix
Table 11.2. Result Matrix: Promote Trade and Investment

BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY/
INDICATORS
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION INTER-AGENCY
BODY
Chapter Outcome: Trade and Investments in Goods and Services Promoted
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Global position of the region’s export sectors strengthened and expanded
Export Receipts 4.27 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 DTI report DTI, LGUs,
(US$ Million) (2021) EDSeCom
increased
Ilocos Norte 3.74
Ilocos Sur 0.35
La Union 0.14
Pangasinan 0.04
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INDICATORS
BODY
Chapter Outcome 2: Total investment increased
Investments from 4,564.00 Increasing DTI report DTI, LGUs,
BNR and assisted (2021) EDSeCom
SMEs increased
(PHP Million)
Male 2,382.38 Increasing
Female 2,181.62 Increasing
Pangasinan 2,345.70 Increasing
Total Approved 101,975.55 increased PSA DTI, LGUs, RDC-1
Investments of Approved
Foreign and Filipino Investment
Nationals increased Report
(PHP Million)
Foreign 33,613.25 increased
Investments (FI)
(PHP Million)
Share of FI to 33.0 increased
total approved
investments (%)
CMCI Ranking by CMCI report DTI, LGUs
LGUs by Province
and City improved
Ilocos Norte 15 Improving
(2021)
Ilocos Sur 19 Improving
(2021)
La Union 8 Improving
(2021)
Pangasinan 16 Improving
(2021)
Laoag City 28 Improving
(2021)
Batac City 66 Improving
(2021)
Vigan City 44 Improving
(2021)
Candon City 45 Improving
(2021)
San Fernando 22 Improving
City (2021)
Dagupan City 16 Improving
(2021)

253
INDICATORS
BODY
Urdaneta City 36 Improving
(2021)
San Carlos City 51 Improving
(2021)
Alaminos City 54 Improving
(2021)

254
PARTI
V
Enabling
Environment
1
2
PromoteFi nanci
alIncl
usi
on
andI mprovePublic
Financi
alManagement
CHAPTER 12
Promote Financial Inclusion and

Improve Public Financial
Management
Promoting financial inclusion and improving public financial management provide extensive and
enduring benefits such as reduced poverty, gender equality, and balanced growth. The region
continues to promote interventions on ensuring inclusive, innovative, and sound fiscal management
for better public service delivery. Likewise, it supports the improvement of the access and delivery of
digital financial services as well as the deepening of digital fluency towards financial inclusion and
innovation in the localities.

Over the years, the performance of the institutions and the government. The
chapter has decreased significantly which increased use of banks by the private sector in
could be attributed to the COVID-19 paying the salaries of their employees may
pandemic and other changing priorities have also contributed to the growth in bank
brought by the change in administration as a deposits. Another factor outside financial
result of the national and local elections. literacy was the increase in average income
Many of the LGUs have been dependent on which favored the decision of individuals to
their total capital outlay. In the same manner, have saving deposits. Furthermore, with the
RLAs reduced their capital outlay to use of digital platforms especially during the
accommodate fund augmentation in support community quarantine and the continued
of the COVID-19 response. digitization of banking services, people were
attracted to deposit their monetary assets for
Annual bank deposits per capita continued better security, accessibility, and convenience
to increase over the years. The annual bank by avoiding long queuing lines and faster
deposit per capita continuously displayed processing of banking services.
positive performance from PHP40,609 in
2017 to PHP52,071 in 2020. The increase may Therefore, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
be attributed to the increasing awareness of (BSP) together with financial corporations
households of the benefits of engaging in should sustain the increasing trend of annual
bank deposits due to the programs and bank deposits. Financial institutions should
advocacies of the different financial also intensify their campaign and advocacy in
Chapter 12: Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial Management
261
terms of consumer education, microfinance Furthermore, the LGUs should increase their
and microinsurance, access to digital advocacy campaign on the collection of taxes
financial services, and sustainable finance. conferred with the guidelines of the
Commission on Audit (COA) and DILG in
LGUs remained dependent on their conformance with other service fees. The
Internal Revenue Allotments (IRA) now slow improvement of the National Tax
known as National Tax Allotment (NTA). Allotment (NTA) dependency could also be
The ratio of locally-sourced revenue to total attributed to the imposition of lockdowns
and limited movement of the people which
current operating income decreased
led to the closure of some businesses and
throughout the years. From 16.91 percent in
limited income for some establishments.
2016, it went down to 11.28 percent in 2021,
Likewise, most of the allotment received by
which was far from its annual target of
the LGUs were used for the health sector on
maintaining at least a 30 percent ratio. The the procurement of personal protective
ratio showed that most of the allotment equipment (PPE) and other health-related
obtained by the LGUs came from the supplies during the pandemic. LGUs need to
National Tax Collection share and other revitalize and recover from the effects of the
shares from the National Tax Collection from pandemic to gradually decrease the
the national government. It signifies that dependency of LGUs on the IRA share and to
most of the programs, projects, and activities be able to fund more PPAs using their local
(PPAs) including the operating cost of the taxes.
LGUs were being funded by their IRA and
other sources of taxes, which was further The pandemic disrupted the high
performance of local sources tax collection
magnified during the COVID-19 pandemic.
efficiency rate. From 2016 to 2019 the
Hence, there is a need for the LGUs to boost Bureau of Local Government Finance of the
the collection of local sources of taxes such as Department of Finance (DOF-BLGF)
Real Property Tax, Tax on Businesses together with the LGUs maintained a high-
efficiency rate of more than 100 percent.
including the collection of Regulatory Fees,
However, the pandemic this performance,
Services/User Charges and Receipts from
limiting their performance by more than 20
Economic Enterprises (Business Income).
percent. The reason behind the low tax
The LGUs could also venture into digitizing collection efficiency rate was due to several
the tax collection service to improve its tax community lockdowns and limited
collection efficiency. Moreover, the LGUs movement of people because of the pandemic
could study imposing uniform services/user which slowed down the collection of
charges throughout its locality to avoid personnel and interaction between
confusion and unequal collection of taxes. stakeholders. LGUs need to revitalize their
collection system, specifically ventures on
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digitization of various government services opposed to the previous years since most of
and processes to become more accessible to the funds were allotted for health-related
the public. At the same time, the LGUs need purposes due to the pandemic. However,
to strengthen their advocacy campaign and prior to the pandemic year (2018 vs 2017
monitoring of establishments to avoid tax data), a significant growth from -5.42 percent
evasion of businesses. to 37.72 percent was recorded. This showed
that the government invested in various
A high tax collection efficiency rate entails social and economic-related interventions
that most of the establishments within the that boosted the economy and the general
locality were able to pay their required taxes, welfare of the people. The government
and the program of the government in terms should sustain at least 10 percent year-on-
of collection of taxes was effective and year growth for social and economic services
efficient. With a high collection efficiency expenditure as these are vital contributors in
rate, it removes the notion that the particular boosting the economic growth of the region
locality is encountering tax evasion practices as well as protecting the welfare of the people.
and the economy of the locality is booming
since establishments were able to pay off their The collection of local taxes decreased
corresponding taxes. during the pandemic. A decrease in the
collection of local taxes was noted from
The region’s utilization rate of the Local 114.50 percent in 2017 to 71.00 percent in
Development Fund (LDF) declined over the 2021. Local taxes involve the collection of
years. The 94.76 percent utilization rate in stamp taxes, vehicle licensing taxes, land
2016 went down to 81.12 percent in 2021. value taxes, and the like. All provinces in the
The main factor that disrupted the utilization region experienced a decline in the collection
rate of LDF was the COVID-19 pandemic. of local taxes. Ilocos Sur had the lowest tax
The imposition of lockdown and community collection rate at 46.00 percent in 2021 and
border control points restricted the flow of Ilocos Norte with the highest rate at 78.00
goods and services to and from the different percent. The decline in the taxes collected by
LGUs in the region. The LGUs are still the LGUs were exhibited by numerous
struggling to adopt the policies of the “new establishments and even individuals who
normal” and are still in the process of finding purposely did not pay their due taxes. Others
the best strategies to improve their financial claim that the complicated taxing system of
performance. the local government led them not to settle
their tax dues. The LGUs need to ensure that
Growth in social and economic service taxes are paid with due diligence including
expenditure varied throughout the year. the removal of fixers in the tax collection. In
The social and economic expenditures in addition, LGUs should devise and implement
2020 and 2021 showed a declining trend as a uniform taxation mechanism for goods and
263
services they provide to limit the confusion in “the Golden age of Infrastructure” in the
on the leverage they need to impose on Philippines.
various establishments.
Likewise, SUCs have also sustained the
amount of their capital outlay since another
The total capital outlay for various agencies
agenda of former President Duterte is to
in the region changed over the years. The
invest in Human Capital which includes
capital outlay of various agencies specifically
boosting the education sector of the country.
for DepEd-1 and DOH-1 were reduced over
the years because of the shift of the budget With the corresponding capital outlay
system from an obligation-based to a cash- allotment to various agencies tending to
based budget system. The cash-based budget increase throughout the years, various
system restricts the agencies’ programmed agencies especially frontline agencies should
items to be procured or used in a year to those ensure the timely delivery of goods and
items that can be finished or procured within services to the citizens as well as the timely
the year. On the other hand, DPWH-1 completion of PPAs to ensure that services
sustained the amount of its capital outlay to are available to every citizen. Likewise, the
finance former President Duterte’s “Build, promotion of digitization in the procurement
Build, Build Program”, which aims to usher of goods and services will shorten the time to
provide the goods and services to citizens.
Strategy Framework
In order to promote financial inclusion and strengthened, (b) local government finance
improve public financial management, the strengthened, and (c) efficient and inclusive
following must be pursued: (a) financial budget system implemented.
inclusion and innovation broadened and
264
Figure 12.1. Strategy Framework to Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial Management
Strategies
Chapter Outcome: Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve
Public Financial Management
This chapter dwells on improving the provided. Also, strategies to advocate
financial wellbeing of Filipinos as individuals prudence and transparency in the collection
and as a collective. Hence, strategies on and use of public funds are provided.
improving access to the financial markets are
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Inclusive, innovative, and healthy

financial sector promoted
Financial inclusion can help curb poverty, available and accessible to both women and
reduce inequality, and potentially enhance men, notably the excluded and underbanked,
productivity and long-term growth.1 This and to MSMEs, at a reasonable cost, and on a
outcome ensures that suitable financial sustainable basis. It creates a financial future
products (savings, credit, insurance, that is more accessible and sustainable for all
payments, and remittances) and services are Filipinos.
265
Outcome 1: Financial inclusion and innovation broadened
and strengthened
They are also partnering with the CSC-1,
Intensify consumer education
AFP, BFP-1, and PNP-1 for financial
and protection
education programs for civil servants and
The region will intensify awareness uniformed personnel. Moreover, they are
campaigns on financial products and working with the DepEd-1 and CHED-1 to
services, frauds, and scams. An integral make financial literacy lessons mandatory for
activity is the observance of the Economic K-12 and secondary education classes and in
and Financial Literacy Week (EFLW) as training programs for teachers. In
stipulated in Republic Act No. 10922, also partnership with TESDA-1, the BSP will also
known as the Economic and Financial develop a Financial Literacy Course, which
Literacy Act through various mechanisms will be an open online course offered in the
such as multi-stakeholder discussions, TESDA Online Program. Through these
lectures, radio broadcasts and IEC initiatives, financial inclusion will be
campaigns. Moreover, the DSWD-1 will broadened and deepened across the region,
provide an intensified financial literacy social protection is strengthened and even the
program to 4Ps beneficiaries, Social financial intermediaries are boosted (See
Amelioration Program (SAP) and other Chapters 6 and 9).
social cash grants from the government given
that only a small portion of program To boost financial literacy and help protect
recipients can save and invest the financial consumers, the development communication
grants (See Chapter 6). role of PIA-1 will be maximized. It will
produce information materials to encourage
The region will also sustain the positive the public to save and invest, and for the
performance in annual bank deposit per consumers to be vigilant in purchasing
capita through well-designed, various products. The DTI-1 and DA-1 will
comprehensive, and sustainable financial work with the PIA-1 to educate the public on
literacy and consumer protection programs various rules on product standards, and on
that are being conducted by both public and the enforcement of pertinent rules on
private institutions. The BSP is actively consumer protection. These agencies will
working with partners in government,2 also encourage consumers to organize to
namely: OWWA-1, DA-1, DTI-1, and aggregate various voices on product
DSWD-1 to develop customized capacity- complaints and product enhancements (See
building financial literacy training programs. Chapter 9).
266
Encourage efficiency and KYC. As the region shifts towards
innovation in microfinance and digitization, it strongly supports and
microinsurance intensifies digital literacy campaigns and
programs. Concerned institutions (e.g. BSP,
The region will support the capacity building
PNP) should embed cyber hygiene lessons in
and digital transformation of microfinance
every financial education program. The DTI-
and microinsurance companies, including
1 will also provide assistance to MSMEs and
the rural financial institutions and
businesses tapping digital finance to transact
cooperatives. Specifically, the government
with consumers and producers from abroad
and private sector will focus on expanding
(See Chapter 11). As the region promotes
affordable financing products and services to
more savings and investments in every
MSMEs and cooperatives especially those
household, it will also continuously improve
owned by or targeting farmers and women.
digital connectivity (See Chapter 13) and
Moreover, the CDA-1 will continuously
ensure a safer cyber environment (See
exercise supervision and guidance among the
Chapter 14.1) to improve access and increase
cooperatives to help foster financial prudence
the adoption of digital financial services. The
and product innovation including having the
LGUs will fast-track the implementation of
cooperatives become micro and non-micro
Paleng-QR Ph Program of the DILG and BSP
insurance product conduits. The private
to further expand digital financial services
sector can adopt insurance technology to
across the region. LGUs will enjoin
develop affordable and responsive financial
establishments to use cashless payment or
products.
QR codes as an additional option for buyers
to pay for goods. LGUs will organize
Improve the access and “account opening days” to provide assistance,
delivery of digital financial
especially to the business owners, market
service
vendors and transport drivers in opening
The availability and use of technology and their transaction accounts. Financial service
technology-based solutions (e.g. mobile providers (FSPs) will be invited to join in
phones, chip cards, and online sales portals, these activities by providing information
etc.) to bring down costs, improve product materials, setting up customer assistance
options, expand servicing, and provide great kiosks, and provision of QR code printouts as
potential for increasing outreach and support to the LGUs. DILG-1 and BSP-1 will
increasing depth of coverage. Integral to this also provide technical assistance on account
is integrating digitalization in Know-Your- onboarding and digital payments including
Client (KYC) transactions. Hence, the region financial literacy to LGUs. Meanwhile, the
will promote the adoption of PhilSys in the private sector will be tapped to further
financial sector, especially in their conduct of improve the access and delivery of digital
267
financial services through the development resilience and inclusive growth. In addition,
and upgrading of digital payment platforms being financially included means having
that are responsive to the customers’ needs access to a wide range of fit-for-purpose
across the region. financial services in line with one’s
capabilities and needs. It does not mean that
Mainstream sustainable and one will never have to worry about money
inclusive finance again, but that one will have more and better
options to save, borrow, transfer funds,
The region will promote green and
invest, and get protection for one’s life and
sustainable finance that benefits smallholder
assets (See Chapter 6.2). Interest-bearing
farmers and MSMEs. Thus, the region will
bank accounts, e-wallets, pooled funds,
support the PPAs under the Philippine
housing loan products, credit cards, and life
Sustainable Finance Roadmap3 and BSP’s
insurance are just some of the financial
National Strategy for Financial Inclusion
products that help consumers and MSMEs
2022-2024 to accelerate financial inclusion
smooth consumption, manage risk, and
and enable more Filipinos to build financial
confidently pursue long-term financial goals.
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Sound fiscal management ensured

Adequate revenues will be raised and Plans and the efficient delivery of public
properly managed to finance economic services. Partnerships will encourage the
development and provide better services. In private sector to co-own the responsibilities
line with the implementation of the SC ruling of fostering development. Efficiency gains
on the Mandanas-Garcia Case, the will constitute additional resources to finance
government will ensure that the increased more spending on infrastructure and social
resources of LGUs will result in the services.
implementation of Devolution Transition
Outcome 1: Local government finance strengthened

more revenues especially the Province of
Strengthen the capacity of
Ilocos Sur with below five percent ratio of
LGUs to raise more revenues
and implement devolved locally-sourced income to total current
functions operating income in 2021. Devolution-
concerned agencies continue to provide
The region through the DILG-1 will continue capacity-building support to LGUs to further
intensifying the capacity-building support to improve their implementation capacity and
LGUs to strengthen their capacity to raise
268
overall service delivery. Likewise, the DILG-1 credit financing, such as bond flotation, must
will create opportunities to replicate LGUs’ be explored. The identified gaps in policies,
best practices and peer mentoring along with structures, and mechanisms should be
tax collection and income generation resolved to give LGUs a wide array of
including the strict collection of real property financing schemes that would suit best their
taxes with consideration of the possible capital investment requirements. The LGUs
passage of Real Property Valuation and need to explore and maximize their assets
Assessment Reform Bill. Moreover, LGUs such as leasing of lands to diversify their
taking advantage of the PPP option in sources of income. Meanwhile, to protect
delivering basic and infrastructure services these current assets, LGUs will insure all
are also encouraged. It is also needed to government properties with the Government
eliminate nuisance taxes and study the Insurance Fund. The LGUs may consider
alternative of a percentage tax on gross PPP as an alternative source of financing
receipts for all local businesses. The region their PPAs. The PPP scheme offers monetary
will pursue regular updating of the LIIC of and non-monetary advantages for the public
the LGUs to make them the location of sector. It addresses the limited funding
choice. This will further attract, expand, and resources for local infrastructure or
diversify investments in the local economy development projects of the public sector
supportive of the development vision of the thereby allowing the allocation of public
LGUs (See Chapters 7 and 11). On the other funds for other local priorities.5 The DILG-1
hand, LGUs will ensure that the grant of local will also provide technical assistance to LGUs
tax incentives under the updated LIIC will be in diversifying or exploring alternative
in line with the granting of tax incentives sources of financing, especially with the
under the CREATE Law (i.e. tax incentives Provinces of Pangasinan and Ilocos Norte
should be time bound and performance- which recorded more than 50 percent of
based). National Tax Allotment (NTA) Dependency
Ratio in 2021.
Diversify and explore
alternative sources of financing
Green financing and its derivatives, debt
swap modes, and other facilities concerning
269
Outcome 2: Efficient and inclusive budget system
implemented
Government Procurement Policy Board
Increase participation of the
(GPPB) spearheaded various interventions
private sector in the
procurement of government such as the full implementation of the E-
projects Bidding facility under the Modernized
Philippine Government Electronic
Private sector participation can bring other Procurement System (mPhilGEPS).6 The
benefits than additional capital. This includes region will support efforts enabling remote
the end-user benefits of a more competitive government operations as well as
environment, as well as the mobilization of strengthening and harmonizing existing
the private sector’s technological expertise online platforms for seamless service
and managerial competencies in the public delivery. The region will continue identifying
interest. To encourage the private sector to priority and critical programs and projects
participate in the procurement of which are consistent with the region’s
government projects, LGUs will be development thrusts to be included in the
encouraged to adopt their own PPP Code. Public Investment Program and Three-year
This will facilitate having more stable and Rolling Infrastructure Program to ensure the
transparent rules to be followed in bidding timely completion of projects. Moreover,
out and awarding contracts to private sector DILG-1 and concerned RLAs will provide
partners. The PPP Knowledge Center in timely interventions such as capacity
Region 1 will serve as a platform for sharing development, especially to the third and fifth-
information and encouraging LGUs and the income class municipalities in the region to
private sector to go into PPP. ensure the efficient delivery of public
services. To further facilitate the
Ensure timely and efficient prioritization of areas, the region will support
delivery of public services the regular income reclassification of all
provinces, cities, and municipalities once
Ensure timely completion of awards and
every three fiscal years.
projects. Link budgetary allocation of
agencies to efficiency in disbursement and
performance outcomes manifested with a
Improve the efficiency of
bureaucracy
very satisfactory or outstanding rating from
internal and external client satisfaction Ease of Doing Business (EODB) and Efficient
surveys. In order to promote digitization in Government Service Delivery (EGSD)
the conduct of procurement activities, the articulate the government’s call to improve
270
efficiency in the delivery of public services by region’s initiatives on full automation and
reducing bureaucratic red tape, preventing simplification of government processes will
graft and corruption, and providing penalties also contribute to increased workflow
therefor. The region will support the integration, transparency, and reduced
digitization initiatives and the national regulatory burden (See Chapter 15).
government’s rightsizing program. The
Legislative Agenda
Table 12.1. Legislative Agenda to Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial Management
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Regulation of Financial Strengthens consumer protection and imposes higher penalties for financial NBI, PNP, BSP and
Accounts Bill cybercrimes. The NBI and PNP shall be responsible for the efficient and DICT
effective law enforcement of the provisions of the Act. This will also be in
coordination with the BSP and Department of Information and
Communications Technology (DICT). This will further improve access and
increase the adoption of digital financial services in the region.
Digital Payments Bill To provide ample legal support for all government institutions to adopt digital DICT, NPC, BSP, and
payments in collections and disbursements, including the provision of the PSPs
corresponding budgetary requirement and appropriations to support the
transformation of payments received and disbursed into digital form
Coupled with the implementation of Sim Card Law, this Act will further
strengthen the initiatives of the region toward digitization and a safer cyber
environment.
Utilization of the To utilize the National ID to help ease know-your-customer PSA and FSPs
National ID in financial (KYC) rules and ensure fool-proof identity in conducting financial
transactions Bill transactions such as the opening of accounts. This will ease the burden of
the transacting public in the region on acquiring numerous documents as
requirements for financial-related transactions.
271
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Local Government The region supports the following bills to strengthen the local government DBM, DOF, BLGF
Finance finance across Region 1:
● Revision of the National Tax Allotment (NTA) Formula Bill seeks to
amend the NTA formula under the Local Government Code of 1991
to make it equitable and efficient. This will address equity issues in
the region as the revision seeks for the NTA formula to be based
on economic and social considerations. The Act shall augment the
Executive Order (EO) 138 in financially empowering the LGUs
through an equitable subsidy for development.
● Real Property Valuation and Assessment Reform Bill to rationalize
and support the regular valuation of real properties, in accordance
with internationally-accepted valuation standards.
● LGU Property Insurance proposes to mandate all provinces, cities,
and municipalities to insure all government properties with the
Government Insurance Fund. The measure will protect LGUs’ fiscal
position against significant losses due to property damages.
● LGU Income Classification Bill: Seeks to authorize the Secretary of
Finance to set the income ranges and undertake the regular
income reclassification of all provinces, cities, and municipalities
once every three fiscal years.
Regular updating of This aims to draw local and foreign investments especially in priority areas DILG and LGUs
the local investment or industries for development. It is intended to speed local economic
and incentive codes progress, provide employment opportunities, increase revenues, reduce
(LIIC) and local revenue poverty and improve the quality of life of both women and men in the most
code of the LGUs proactive way.
272
Results Matrix
Table 12.2. Results Matrix: Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial Management

INDICATOR
Chapter Outcome: Financial Inclusion Promoted and Public Financial Management Improved
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Inclusive, innovative and healthy financial sector promoted
Proportion of adults (15 years To be increasing BSP Demand Side BSP

and older) with an account at a collected Survey
bank or other financial
institutions or with a mobile
money service provider
increased
Ilocos Norte To be Increasing

collected
Ilocos Sur To be Increasing

collected
La Union To be Increasing
collected
Pangasinan To be Increasing
collected
Proportion of E income socio- To be increasing BSP Demand Side BSP

economic class with accounts collected Survey
to proportion of ABC income
class with accounts increased

collected

collected
collected
collected
Number of financial literacy To be increasing BSP Demand Side BSP

programs conducted increased collected Survey

collected

collected
collected
collected
273
INDICATOR
Number of Microfinancing To be Increasing BSP BSP

Loans Granted increased collected Database

collected

collected
collected
collected
Total Value of Microfinance To be Increasing BSP BSP

Loans Granted increased collected Database

collected

collected
collected
collected
Subchapter 2: Sound fiscal management ensured
Ratio of locally-sourced 11.28% >30 >30 >30 >30 >30 >30 BLGF Statement BLGF
local government unit (2021) of Receipts and
income to total current Expenditures
operating income
maintained above 30
percent
Y-o-Y growth in social and 10.25% 10 10 10 10 10 10 BLGF Statement BLGF

economic service expenditures (2021) of Receipts and
maintained at 10 percent Expenditures
Utilization Rate of Local 81.12 Increasing BLGF Statement BLGF

Development Fund increased (2021) of Receipts and
Expenditures
National Tax Allotment 45.40 Decreasing BLGF Statement BLGF

Dependency Ratio decreased (2021) of Receipts and
Expenditures
Ilocos Norte 54.10 Decreasing
Ilocos Sur 21.16 Decreasing
La Union 47.67 Decreasing
Pangasinan 70.31 Decreasing
274
INDICATOR
Local Sources Tax Collection 71.00 Increasing 100 BLGF Statement BLGF
Efficiency Rate maintained at (2021) of Receipts and
100 percent Expenditures
Ilocos Norte 78.00 Increasing 100
Ilocos Sur 46.00 Increasing 100
La Union 67.00 Increasing 100
Pangasinan 77.00 Increasing 100
Percent Increase/Decrease in -17% 18 18 19 19 20 20 BLGF Statement BLGF

Local Taxes Collections (2021) of Receipts and
Expenditures
Total Capital Outlay from GAA (2022) As DBM

allocated to the following approved in Annual Reports
Region 1 offices increased: FY 2021
DepEd NDA Increasing DepEd
DOH NDA Increasing DOH
DPWH 16,470,926 9,568, 9,592, 5,309, 1,868, 979, 493, DPWH

644, 496, 327, 250, 581, 780,
500 000 110 000 000 000
DHSUD 1,605 Increasing DHSUD
SUCs: (MMSU, UNP, PSU, 674,593 Increasing SUCs: (MMSU,

DMMMSU, NLPSC, ISPSC) UNP, PSU,
DMMMSU, NLPSC,
ISPSC)
MMSU To be 1,586,0 9,144,0 622,20 415,410 476,00 340,25 MMSU

collected 00,000 00,000 0,000. ,000. 0,000. 0,000.
.00 .00 00 00 00 00
1
Debuque-Gonzales, Margarita and John Paul Corpus. December 23, 2021. Understanding and Measuring Financial Inclusion in the Philippines.
PIDS Discussion Paper Series no, 2021-37. https://www.pids.gov.ph/publication/discussion-papers/understanding-and-measuring-financial-
inclusion-in-the-philippines
2
Medalla, Felipe M. 21 November 2022. Governor’s Speech during the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) 5th Financial Education Stakeholders
Expo. https://www.bsp.gov.ph/SitePages/MediaAndResearch/SpeechesDisp.aspx?ItemId=993
3
Philippines Inter-Agency Technical Working Group for Sustainable Finance. 2021. The Philippine Sustainable Finance Roadmap. Department
of Finance. https://www.dof.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ALCEP-Roadmap.pdf
4
Financial Inclusion Steering Committee. 2022. National Strategy for Financial Inclusion 2022-2028. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Pages/InclusiveFinance/NSFI-2022-2028.pdf
5
Public-Private Partnership Center. n.d. Public-Private Partnership (PPP). https://ppp.gov.ph/ppp-program/what-is-ppp/
6
Government Procurement Policy Board. 2022. Approving The Extension Of The Pilot Implementation Of The Modernized Philippine
Government Electronic Procurement System (Mphilgeps) Until May 2022 And The Mandatory Use Of The Mphilgeps For The Fy 2023
Indicative Annual Procurement Plan (App) And The Fy 2023 App, And Directing The Philgeps To Provide The Government Procurement
Policy Board-Technical Support Office Access To Its Procurement Management Information System.
https://www.gppb.gov.ph/issuances/Resolutions/GPPB%20Resolution%20No.%2004-
2022_Updated%20mPhilGEPS%20Implementation%20Plan_SGD.pdf
275
1
3
ExpandandUpgr
ade
Inf
rast
ruct
ure
CHAPTER 13
Expand and Upgrade

Infrastructure
Infrastructure development lays the foundation of the economy and society. It connects production,
protection, and settlement areas, facilitates the delivery of services and development opportunities,
and aids in climate resiliency. Economic transformation requires sustainable, resilient, integrated, and
modern infrastructure systems as a solid ground. Anchored on the long-term vision or Ambisyon Natin
2040, 8-point socio-economic agenda of the current administration and the SDGs, the region will ensure
the safe and efficient movement of people and goods through adequate and accessible transportation.
Likewise, Region 1 will reduce the digital divide and expand opportunities in the digital economy.
Further, it will invest in increasing access to safe and adequate water and sanitation services; reliable,
clean, affordable energy; and quality education, health, solid waste management, and other social
infrastructure facilities. Overall, infrastructural development will be pursued in the context of green and
low-carbon emission technologies and practices, resiliency, and adaptability against disaster and
natural disturbances.

The Infrastructure Development Sector implementing programs and projects that
managed to sustain its operations despite the increased public access to social
challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The infrastructure and facilities, and expanded
region’s performance in stimulating and the physical and digital connectivity in the
supporting socio-economic growth and region.
development paved the way for
Spatial Trends and Physical Connectivity

The population centers in the region are the MNR, generally showing a linear
deemed well-connected, yet there is still a development following the transport
need for more transportation network backbone. It can be observed that
redundancy features, especially for its north- development concentration is seen in the
south corridor, the MNR. However, most of growth centers and radiates to the MNR and
the entire length of the MNR in the region is major road systems.
along flood-prone areas, which may pose a
threat, especially during disasters. Moreover, Region 1 has 1,693.67 km of roads as of 2020.
except for Dagupan City and its suburbs, Pangasinan has the most extended national
most of the region’s built-up areas are along road network, with 630.18 km, while La
Chapter 13: Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure

279
Union, the smallest province in the region, The region’s transport, digital, irrigation, and
has 247.32 km. As mentioned, the MNR is the social infrastructure networks are in flood
backbone of the region’s economy as the and landslide-prone areas. These are
main thoroughfare in the area. This MNR is primarily located in Agno (Pangasinan),
supported by the 88.50 km TPLEX that starts Naguilian and Amburayan (La Union), Abra
in Tarlac City and ends in Rosario, La Union. (Ilocos Sur), and Laoag (Ilocos Norte) river
High-standard bypass roads were developed floodplains. Moreover, several fault systems
to ease the traffic situation in the urban were identified in the region, including the
centers. The region’s road network West Ilocos Fault System. The East Zambales
penetrates the major population centers and Fault and various segments of the Philippine
production zones. However, east-west lateral Fault cut across the populated areas in central
roads linking Region 1 to CAR and other and western Pangasinan. Therefore, the
areas are still underdeveloped. region must ensure that its infrastructure
Supplementing the road network are the expands beyond these population
seaports and airports in the area. The major concentration centers to disperse economic
seaports are in the cities of San Fernando (La opportunities. In addition, protective
Union) and Alaminos (Pangasinan). The structures benefitting existing built-up areas
region’s international airport is in Laoag City must be made to minimize flooding and
(Ilocos Norte) with community airports in landslide risks. Moreover, existing structures
Vigan City (Ilocos Sur), San Fernando, and must be retrofitted to suit the building
Lingayen (Pangasinan). standards applicable at the time. New
building standards concerning sustainability
Regarding active transport, DPWH-1
shall also be implemented to help make the
incorporated bicycle facilities or lanes in all
region's infrastructure resilient and climate
their ongoing construction of bypass roads in
change responsive.
the region to promote inclusive mobility and
ensure the safe travel of pedestrians and Road traffic accidents significantly
1
individuals with disabilities . As part of their decreased. The road traffic accidents ratio
program to encourage active transport along per 100,000 population significantly declined
national roads, clearing operations for right- from 10.17 in 2017 to 4.89 in 2021. The
of-way (ROW) remains a challenge, along decrease was due to travel restrictions and the
with the availability of ROW funding and imposition of community quarantine during
delays in releasing court decisions for the pandemic. However, pre-pandemic data
(2017-2019) showed an increase in the ratio
expropriation cases.
of road traffic accidents. Bad road conditions,

280
inadequate road safety signs, and driver continued improvement and rehabilitation
behavior were some of the significant causes of the Laoag International Airport (LIA).
of road traffic accidents. Hence, major trunk Also, maintaining and improving LIA and
lines require more safety features. Moreover, other community airports ensures facilities
the key cities and interchanges in the area will are available to transport time-sensitive
need intermodal transport terminals to help commodities and helps make the public
facilitate better vehicular traffic movement, transport system more resilient. The network
together with by-passes in the cities. of general airports shall be marketed to
generate a sizable mass of regular cargo and
Inter- and intra-regional connectivity passenger travel.
improved. Supporting the different sectors in
cutting production costs and travel time, the Water transport continued with limited
number of bypasses and diversion roads operations. The volume of cargo transported
constructed increased from seven in 2017 to via sea increased from 4,102,795 MT in 2020
30 in 2021. The completion of these road to 4,843,405 MT in 2021. The export of
projects established redundancy in the mineral products and aggregates contributed
regional road network, lessening traffic to the positive performance. Port operations
congestion in major growth corridors. for international and domestic cargo
Likewise, the redundant links provided transport remained active during the
alternate routes during disasters and road pandemic, except for cruise ship operations.
reconstruction on the main routes. For 2021, no recorded passengers were
transported via sea due to the imposed travel
Civil aviation declined at the onset of the restrictions. Earlier data (2017-2020) on the
pandemic. The number of passengers other hand, revealed a decreasing trend in the
transported via air increased from 2017 to number of passengers transported via sea.
2019. However, compared to the 2019 data of This could be attributed to the decrease in
254,868 passengers transported via air, lower cruise ship calls in the ports of Region 1.
figures were registered in 2021, decreasing its However, with the completion of the
level by 81.83 percent due to domestic and improvement projects in Salomague Port in
international flight travel restrictions. Ilocos Sur and Currimao Port in Ilocos
Likewise, the volume of cargo transported via Norte, both ports can now cater to and
air was substantially reduced by 93.24 percent accommodate more and larger cruise ships.
from 3,131,238 Metric Tons (MT) in 2019 to The number of passengers transported by sea
211,627 MT in 2021. Although civil aviation’s is expected to increase this coming year due
performance decreased over the past two to the increase in cruise calls and the strategic
years, it is projected to be back on track proximity of both ports to the international
following the lifting of travel restrictions and ports of Hong Kong and South China. In

281
addition, the region’s vast seaways shall be maintenance and construction of seaports
tapped as a high-speed ferry system linking and airports near special economic zones to
major Growth Centers to facilitate transport facilitate the seamless integration of these
ease and ensure redundancy. Special zones with the rest of the world.
prioritization shall be given to the
Digital Connectivity
Digital connectivity as support to economic Barbara (Pangasinan) in the south and
development improved. The number of heading towards Laoag City. There are also
businesses using the internet increased over plans to build underground fiber optic cables
the last five years. In 2021, 13,142 firms to link Dagupan City with Santa Barbara
utilized and injected digital technology into (Pangasinan), San Fernando City, Bauang,
delivering services. This value almost tripled Bacnotan and Bangar (La Union), and Laoag
in 2020, with 4,862 businesses. Digital City and Currimao (Ilocos Norte).
technology took a quantum leap during the
pandemic as companies relied on the internet As of 2018, 1,116 cell sites are operating in
to operate and provide services to their the region2. A total of 563 cell sites (50
clients. E-commerce was widely sought after percent) are in Pangasinan and 195 in La
the imposition of local community
Union (17.47 percent). Ilocos Sur has 191 cell
quarantine, which hampered the mobility of
sites (17.11 percent) and Ilocos Norte with
people in buying necessary goods and
167 (14.97 percent). Using the 2015
services. This was evident from the
population of the region, it means that each
significant increase noted in 2019, from 150
cell site is catering to 4,504 residents of the
businesses to 4,862 in 2020.
region. This is a far cry from the one-cell site
The National Broadband Network (NBN) to 700 residents in Vietnam3. Furthermore,
will co-locate with the existing telecommunications service companies
transmission network of the electric grid. identified that completing the requirements
With this, the internet speed in the region is for constructing cell sites remained a
expected to be boosted as there is an existing challenge and usually hampered their
major transmission line traversing Santa implementation timelines.

282
Water Resources
Water supply and sanitation improved. percentage of households with access to safe
The percentage of households with access to water supply remained almost the same, from
safe/potable water manifested an increasing 96.84 percent in 2017 to 96.36 percent in
trend from 2019 to 2021. A higher 2021. Considering these accomplishments,
accomplishment was recorded in 2021 at the water resources subsector was challenged
96.36 percent from 95.67 percent in 2020. to meet its target of 98 percent coverage by
The 0.69-percentage point increase was the end of 2022. Hence, households’ access to
brought by the increasing demand for safe water and sanitation needs further
safe/potable water taps due to strict health improvement. The availability of resources
protocols and the re-alignment of resources for environmental programs and projects
for the COVID-19 response-related projects. that objectively address the water supply and
This figure was likewise higher compared to sanitation issues and gaps remains
the 2018 to 2019 figures but slightly lower challenging for the concerned agencies.
than in 2017. Nonetheless, implementing the Philippine
Water Supply and Sanitation Masterplan
Similarly, households with access to Level III (PWSSMP) will further accelerate the
water supply system showed a positive trend provision of sanitation through the plans and
from 32.38 percent in 2017 to 39.05 percent programs identified in the roadmap.
in 2021. This water supply system comprises
a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution There are no existing sewerage systems in
network with adequate treatment facilities, the region. Cities and surrounding areas
and household taps. Usually, these water should also consider planning for sewerage
supply systems are generally suited for services in the interim. These include the
densely populated urban areas. cities of Dagupan, San Carlos, and Urdaneta,
and the towns of Malasiqui and Bayambang
Access to improved sanitation increased,
while access to safe water remained (Pangasinan). Nonetheless, decentralized
relatively the same. The proportion of Water Treatment Systems (DEWATS) are
households in the region with access to present in some areas of the region, most of
improved water sanitation decreased from which are in La Union.
88.53 in 2017 to 80.74 in 2019, then increased
Irrigation development widened. The
to 93.92 percent in 2021, recording an
region posted a relatively high cropping
increase in accessibility of 5.39 percentage
intensity or the ratio of the total annual
points in five years. On the other hand, the
cropped area over the total irrigable area for

283
the past five years (2017-2021) due to several deducting permanently non-irrigable lands
high-impact irrigation projects implemented that were appropriated or converted for non-
in the region. In 2021, the region recorded a agricultural uses. The NIA manages the NIS,
cropping intensity of 156.09 percent or 6.88 while an Irrigators’ Association manages
percentage points higher than in 2020 at each CIS. Moreover, only 88.23 percent of the
149.00 percent. Similarly, the ratio of the FUSA of NIS and CIS is irrigated during the
actual irrigated area to the potential irrigable
rainy season. The gap between the firmed-up
area was registered at 52.63 percent in 2021.
service and irrigated areas during the rainy
This can be attributed to the generation of
season is attributed to non-operational
new irrigable regions and the available funds
irrigation canals for repair.4
approved for the implementation of new
irrigation projects that generate new irrigable
Flood control projects were implemented.
areas.
As part of the Integrated Disaster Risk
While 143,664.59 hectares comprise the Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
irrigation service area covered by a of the DPWH-1, 125 flood control projects
National Irrigation Systems (NIS) or a were constructed in 2022. These includes 42
flood control structures and 83 riverbank
Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS) in the
protection projects with a total project cost of
region, the firmed-up service area (FUSA)
PHP6.169 billion. However, due to the
of the irrigation systems in the region is
region’s geographic location, it remains
only 128,477.68 hectares. This is equivalent
prone to flooding. Hence, the vulnerable
to only 89.42 percent of the service area as areas in the region require continuous
designed. The FUSA is the service area after resilience and adaptive capacity-building.
Energy
Regionwide electrification sustained. electrification grid due to the Sitio
Despite the pandemic, the number of Electrification Program (SEP) of the National
households with access to electricity Electrification Administration (NEA) (See
increased from 2018 to 2021. In 2020 and Chapter 16). The average electricity rates in
2021, the percentage of households with the region increased from 8.81 PHP/kWh in
access to electricity exceeded 100 percent. 2020 to 13.99 PHP/kWh in 2022. Ilocos
The percentage of households with access to Norte registered the highest electricity rate of
electricity increased from 112.37 percent in 14.55 PHP/kWh compared to the other
2020 to 116.39 percent in 2021. More and provinces. While the electricity rates
more homes were encouraged to tap into the increased, the Energy Regulatory

284
Commission (ERC) is already reviewing the plants in the Sual, Pangasinan. In 2022,
Electric Cooperatives’ (ECs) power supply Pangasinan was also the highest contributor
contracts to determine over-contracting of RE in the region through their San Roque
capacity. Multi-Purpose Dam, with an 18.82 percent
share of the region’s energy mix. Moreover,
The number of renewable energy (RE) Ilocos Norte contributed 12.93 percent of RE
power plants, such as Solar and Biomass, in the region’s energy mix through wind and
should be increased. Although the region’s solar power farms. Ilocos Sur contributed
energy mix is relatively good, there is still a 3.18 percent of RE through their
need to increase the number of RE power hydroelectric power plants. Meanwhile, La
plants, such as solar and biomass. As of the Union has yet to host a renewable energy
September 2022 report of the DOE, no power plant. Increasing the number of
biomass power plant exists in the region. operating RE power plants in Region 1 will
Only four solar power plants are operating, contribute to the growth of the region’s
all located in Ilocos Norte. Pangasinan energy production, accelerating the
contributes the lion’s share in fossil-powered transition to a low-carbon economy.
energy plants through the two coal power
Social Infrastructure
Health sector support sustained. The Curative healthcare facilities are
infrastructure sector continued to support concentrated in urban areas. There are
social services in maintaining the number of currently four Level 3 hospitals in the region-
public primary health care facilities in the one in Batac City (Ilocos Norte), two in San
locality. The ratio of one BHS to two Fernando City (La Union), and one in
barangays was maintained. Moreover, the Dagupan City (Pangasinan). With this, there
ratio of one Rural Health Unit (RHU)/City is limited access to advanced healthcare.
Health Office (CHO) to 22 barangays Thus, the continuous development of two
increased to 1:20 in 2021. As the sector DOH-retained hospitals- Ilocos Sur Medical
responded to the pandemic, upgrading and Center and Conrado F. Estrella Regional
rehabilitating BHS and RHUs were Medical and Trauma Center (Pangasinan)-
prioritized. These healthcare facilities served towards full-fledged tertiary hospitals is a
as vaccination centers and venues for necessary step to make healthcare accessible
disseminating information regarding for all. The existing Level 1 public hospitals
COVID-19 and current quarantine and that cater to large catchment areas in Bangui
health protocols (See Chapter 4.1). (Ilocos Norte), Tagudin (Ilocos Sur),

285
Naguilian (La Union), and Alaminos City, 2021, the classroom-to-pupil ratios in
Pozorrubio Dasol (Pangasinan) need to be elementary, high school, and senior high
upgraded as well. Expanding these hospitals school were recorded at 1:32, 1:40, and 1:37,
is necessary because there is less than one respectively. This was due to the continued
hospital bed for every 800 population in the implementation of the Basic Education
region, especially in Pangasinan. Super Facilities Fund Program of DepEd in
Health Centers (SHCs) are also needed in convergence with the DPWH, which
towns belonging to the 3rd Income Class or facilitated the construction of new
lower and are not directly served by at least classrooms and the rehabilitation and
one public Level 1 hospital. These are the improvement of old school buildings (See
towns of Adams, Carasi, and Nueva Era Chapter 4.2).
(Ilocos Norte), G. del Pilar, Nagbukel,
Quirino, San Emilio, and Sugpon (Ilocos The Sanitary Landfills (SLF) to LGUs ratio
Sur), Bagulin, San Gabriel, and Santol, (La increased from 2017 to 2022. In 2021, 54 out
Union), and Aguilar, Anda, Natividad, and of 125 LGUs in Region 1 have their SLFs. Site
Infanta (Pangasinan) (See Chapter 2). requirements remained a challenge for
several LGUs in complying with the
Ideal classroom-to-pupil ratio achieved. In
standards. As per records, 43 LGUs have their
the past two years, the region attained the
MOA in place with other LGUs with SLFs
desired end-of-plan targets for the
(See Chapter 4.3).
classroom-to-pupil ratios (2020-2021). In
Strategy Framework
The overarching objective for infrastructure and modern infrastructure systems towards
development is aligned with the sinnaranay. To this end, the region shall
administration’s “Build, Better, More” vigorously pursue and implement specific
agenda. The aspired economic strategies to improve infrastructure for the
transformation for a progressive, inclusive, sub-sectors of physical and digital
and resilient society builds substantially on connectivity, water resources, energy, and
delivering sustainable, resilient, integrated, social infrastructure (See Figure 13.2).

286
Figure 13.1. Strategy Framework to Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure
Strategies
Chapter Outcome: Deliver Sustainable, Resilient,

Integrated, and Modernized Infrastructure Facilities and
Services
The attainment of the sub-chapter outcomes and ecological integrity, provide affordable,
will result in the delivery of sustainable, accessible, reliable, and sustainable energy,
resilient, integrated, and modernized and contribute to social development. With
infrastructure facilities and services. This the increased investments in infrastructure,
results from cross-cutting specific strategies the region will factor in gender
to enhance infrastructure planning, responsiveness and social inclusion,
programming, and asset management, guarantee that no one is left behind, and
expand connectivity, improve water security address sectoral concerns.

287
Outcome 1: Planning, programming, and asset
management in infrastructure enhanced
Moreover, the region will continue to expand
Undertake strategic
its collaboration with multilateral donors and
partnerships for financing
investments. international financial institutions that can
assist implementing agencies in funding
The region will promote PPP to bankroll and feasibility studies for strategic and PPP-able
implement critical and strategic projects and infrastructure projects.
development initiatives due to public
resource scarcity to match the increasing Implement integrated master-
demand for services and infrastructure. This planning development and
recognizes the private sector's expertise, convergence programs.
resources, and innovativeness that will bring
about efficiency in delivering services usually The region will support the preparation,
undertaken by the public sector. review, endorsement, and implementation of
master plans, underscoring the importance of
With more devolved functions, the region evidence-based infrastructure planning.
will encourage LGUs, as development Consequently, it will encourage convergence
partners of the national government, to strategies among agencies to fund and
mainstream PPP in their strategies through implement crucial infrastructure, prioritizing
the formulation of their local PPP codes. This those identified in sectoral and spatial master
will be done within RA 7718 or the Amended plans. Hence, it will call for more inclusive
Philippine BOT Law to harmonize their PPP stakeholder consultations to recognize
efforts with national and regional priorities. emerging sectoral and gender needs, and
The region shall operationalize the PDAC mainstream accessibility and inclusivity
with other partners, such as the PPP Center, during the design and planning stage. As
to enhance local capacities to prepare, LGUs assume more significant roles in
structure, and evaluate PPPs. The PDAC infrastructure planning with implementing
shall also guide LGUs in developing, the Mandanas-Garcia Supreme Court
implementing, managing, and setting service Ruling, the region shall mobilize the PDAC
delivery standards for devolved to capacitate focal persons of implementing
infrastructure projects provided under the agencies on project development.
Mandanas-Garcia Supreme Court Ruling.

288
institutions in the identified flooded areas
Embed resilient innovative
and those near fault lines, will be prioritized.
solutions in infrastructure
designs for asset In line with the Philippine Government Asset
management and Management Policy, the region will also
preservation. ensure that public infrastructure is assessed
regularly and retrofitted accordingly to
The region will advocate resilience by minimize rehabilitation costs during
adopting innovative standards and disasters and maximize their economic lives.
regulations and building in safer places to Also, Region 1 shall actively enjoin
guarantee that public infrastructure is safe compliance with the Philippine Green
from the threats of disasters. The LGUs and Building Code to climate-proof new and
key government agencies led by DPWH-1 renovated buildings, especially those
shall conduct an in-depth review of the constructed with public funds. The region
structural integrity of all existing government will urge relevant implementing agencies to
buildings in the region, considering the install weighbridges so that load limitations
recent Abra Earthquake. Buildings built are strictly followed to avert damage to
before the enactment of the New Building properties, disruptions, and inconveniences
Code, especially the health and educational to travelers (See Chapters 2 and 16).
Connectivity
Outcome 2: Seamless and inclusive connectivity achieved

(via local and international linkages)
the project preparation study for the
Move people, goods, and
proposed North Long Haul Interregional
information through
modernized and expanded Railway that will connect the National
transport and digital Capital Region and Regions 1 to 3, the
infrastructure. development of new expressways and high-
standard highways such as the proposed
Pangasinan-Nueva Ecija and Pangasinan-
Roads and Physical East-West Expressways, and the extension of
Connectivity the TPLEX to San Juan, La Union and even
further north to Ilocos Norte. In support of
The region will invest further to expand
the proposed railway system and
intra- and interregional connectivity to
interconnectivity among transport modes,
reduce transport costs. Thus, it will support
the region shall integrate rail-based initiatives

289
with existing transportation systems, Bypass Road and Caba-Naguilian Road in La
establish intermodal hubs where different Union, and Lingayen Bypass Road in
modes converge, provide last-mile Pangasinan.
connectivity, and explore the use of
intelligent ticketing systems to allow Consistent with the objective of the RSS for
passengers to purchase tickets for multiple redundant road networks, La Union will
modes of transport through a single platform pursue upgrading Bangar (La Union)-
making it easier to switch between different Sugpon (Ilocos Sur) Road to become a two-
modes of transportation. lane all-weather road. This provincial road
will be linked to the Sugpon-Alilem National
Further, it will support interregional
Road, creating an alternate parallel road
collaboration to open more transport
linking Ilocos Sur and La Union and
networks to enhance the interaction of the
eventually between the region and the
region’s growth and production centers with
Cordillera. Moreover, the DPWH-1 will
other areas in Luzon. The construction of a
improve the Bacnotan-Luna-Balaoan Road
limited access, high-standard expressway
linking Dagupan City with the TPLEX will be to ease the traffic flow along its parallel MNR
studied in line with the RSS as this will hasten and support the existing heavy industry along
development in Metropolitan Dagupan and the said road. As part of redundancy, the
of Pangasinan as a whole. Subject to region will facilitate interregional travel
comprehensive studies, this expressway shall through an Agno River Causeway linking
be extended to link Dagupan City with San Lingayen with Camiling in Tarlac via San
Jose City (Nueva Ecija). Since this road Carlos City and Bayambang. It will be built
connects major urban centers, the private upon the existing Lingayen-Urbiztondo-
sector shall be tapped to build and operate it Wawa Road by widening the carriageway,
via PPP (See Chapter 2). adding slope protection, and increasing
Through the DPWH-1, the region will safety features like crash barriers and
construct bypass and diversion roads, streetlights. Through the DPWH-1, the
bridges, and missing links and repair and region will establish a road link between
maintain roads and bridges along major Pozorrubio and Laoac (Pangasinan) with a
thoroughfares to improve intra- and inter- new bridge over the Aloragat River to boost
provincial connectivity. These comprise new local economies (See Chapter 2).
and continuing projects such as the Laoag-
San Nicolas Bypass Road in Ilocos Norte, Region 1 will actively pursue convergence
Vigan-Cabugao Coastal/Diversion Road in programs towards last-mile connectivity by
Ilocos Sur, Bauang-San Fernando-San Juan facilitating access to transit stations or
terminals, enhancing the movement of goods

290
from production to market areas to reduce Air and Sea Transport
logistics costs, and improving linkages
among settlements, production areas, and For air and water transportation to be
growth centers. Relatedly, the region will efficient and effective as redundant modes of
support the DPWH’s Integrated and transport, the region, through the
Seamless Transport System Program to Department of Transportation (DOTr), will
connect gaps in the national roads and the modernize the LIA, known as the
Rural Roads Convergence Programs to international gateway to the North, to align it
construct and upgrade access roads leading with local and international standards. It will
to tourism destinations, industry and trade also improve existing community airports
corridors, seaports, airports, and other since these provide access to air transport
transport stations. It will also implement the services for business, tourism, training,
Agri-Infrastructure Support Program of DA- emergency medical transportation, and
1 to construct and rehabilitate farm-to- emergency response. Further, they shall serve
market and farm-to-mill roads. as feeder airports to Clark International
Airport in Region 3.
The region recognizes that seamless
connectivity will necessitate the expansion of Likewise, it will develop strategic port
road capacities to address traffic issues and development projects via PPP, such as the
challenges due to the usual two-lane roads. Tri-City Ferry System as a red, redundant
With this, the ongoing widening of the means of transport. Through the Philippine
national roads encircling Pangasinan by Ports Authority PMO-Northern Luzon and
DPWH-1 and the LGUs will be sustained to DOTr, the region will support the
establish the Pangasinan Ring Road Network development and upgrading of seaports in
as provided in the RSS. This covers roads Sual, Pangasinan, Currimao, Ilocos Norte,
linking Rosario (La Union) to Bolinao, going Cabugao, Ilocos Sur, San Fernando City, La
south to Infanta, and heading eastwards to Union, and near the proposed Suyo
Umingan through Bayambang and north to Economic Zone to cater to specific logistics,
Sison through Tayug, Asingan, and tourism, and transport requirements. It will
Binalonan (Pangasinan). This will also cover develop missionary maritime routes carrying
portions of National Roads 55 and 306, passengers and vehicles (RoRo vessels) to
Regional Highway 5, Alcala-Umingan Road utilize the existing infrastructure in
via Carmen, Rosales, Tayug-San Quintin partnership with local investors. With this,
Road, and Binalonan-Asingan Road (See the Currimao port can be linked to Sanchez
Chapter 2). Mira (Cagayan) and Batanes, benefiting
Region 2 (See Chapter 2).

291
Digital Connectivity underground fiber optic link between Laoag
City and Cagayan shall be made. Through
The region will bridge the digital divide by
these investments, the internet speed of the
implementing the Free Public Internet
NBN is increased, making it more resilient to
Access in Public Places Program that has
possible natural and man-made risks. These
been institutionalized under Republic Act
two proposed links will also cater to some
No. 10929 or the Free Internet Access in
GIDAS in the region. The DICT-1 shall
Public Places Act. It will continue to identify
more viable locations, including public further scrutinize this strategy's technical
schools and protected areas with ecotourism feasibility and operationalization (See
activities to complement the 148 active sites Chapter 2). Moreover, the LGUs will tap
connected through the program. available and emerging technologies,
Additionally, it will promote digital including satellite-based internet, to improve
transformation by expanding the Regional connectivity within their areas.
GovNet to facilitate easier public access to
government transactions. As the region Address universal mobility
requires 5,900 cell sites in the next five years and connectivity needs.
to attain a one-cell site-is-to-1,000
population ratio to be at par with other The region will improve roads and related
Southeast Asian countries (See Chapter 2), structures through regular maintenance to
the LGUs shall update their respective LIICs comply with international quality and safety
to attract more players in the digital industry standards. Following the regional TMS, it
and streamline their processes for the shall advocate for periodic safety audits and
application, processing, and issuance of carry out interventions for roads that lead to
permits for the construction of cellular schools and other public areas. It shall also
network towers in compliance with the RA support the proposed
11032 or the Ease of Doing Business Act of rehabilitation/reconstruction/improvement,
2018, and the Anti-Red Tape Authority Joint operation, and maintenance of Kennon Road
Memorandum Circular No. 1, Series of 20215. to provide a better and safer experience for
However, these should not sacrifice the need travelers. Further, it will advocate for the
for regulating environmental, social, and continued implementation of focused road
safety issues. users’ education programs to foster road
safety culture among new and experienced
The private sector shall build additional drivers.
landing sites to link the National Broadband
In addition, the region shall promote
Network (NBN) with the international Bani
initiatives to modernize public
or Bolinao (Pangasinan) networks. Another

292
transportation to provide flexible, low-cost, While the region promotes investments in
comfortable, efficient, and sustainable road infrastructure, it will also encourage
transport systems. This also includes active mobility as an integral transportation
developing and utilizing ICT infrastructure system component and make sure that
similar to the proposed intelligent traffic significant thoroughfares are friendly and
signalization system for Metro Vigan to safe for pedestrians and cyclists, that
improve traffic flow. It will also support settlement and production areas are
initiatives toward transitioning to a low- accessible by non-motorized transport, and
carbon transport system by instituting that protected lanes and walkways are
facilitative policies and adopting mixed land- provided, at least in the central business
use planning. districts. In conformance with the TMS, the
region will continue to improve road safety
While the region strives to modernize the by installing road infra support, adequate
public transportation sector, LGUs, with the geometric markings and road signs for speed
assistance of LTFRB-1, will have to prepare, limits and danger areas, and implementing
update or harmonize their local policies to remove road obstructions. The
transportation and traffic management plans national and local governments shall work
and align them with gender equality, together so that the entire stretch of the MNR
disability, and social inclusion (GEDSI) and the other national roads in the region are
strategies. Moreover, the region shall lighted by solar streetlights and are supplied
establish multi-layered transport networks with additional safety features, especially for
through interconnected public transport the Villa Verde Road and Daang Kalikasan in
systems enabled by solid infrastructure (See Pangasinan (See Chapter 2). Improving Villa
Chapter 4.3). The LGUs, at least in major Verde Road will benefit Region 2 and link
urban areas, shall start planning and Pangasinan with Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya.
programming for the construction of
integrated transport terminals, like the Furthermore, the region will work towards
intermodal Ilocos Norte Central Terminal improving the quality of public
Hub in Laoag City and the proposed transportation, as this is critical to ensuring
Transport Terminal in San Juan, La Union, efficient and accessible mobility, especially in
and ensure that these are complete with locations where traffic demand is projected to
GEDSI-responsive facilities. Other priority increase. It will monitor the formulation of
locations for intermodal terminals are Bantay Local Public Transport Route Plans
and Candon City (Ilocos Sur), San Fernando (LPTRPs) of LGUs to ensure efficient
City and Rosario (La Union), Urdaneta City, internal mobility and establish external
Rosales, and Dagupan City (Pangasinan) (See connections with other areas. With this, the
Chapter 2). LGUs shall integrate the LPTRPs into their

293
CLUPs, and the Provincial Development and On the other hand, the region will support
Physical Framework Plans to create a holistic the establishment of more incubation centers
approach to public transportation or innovation studios necessary for
development. The integration ensures that developing startup initiatives as jump-off
the transportation system is integrated with points for creating digital cities. Likewise, it
other aspects of urban planning, such as land will advocate the value of innovative assistive
use and economic development, to support technologies and influence the public and
inclusive and sustainable growth. Meanwhile, more businesses to take advantage of digital
the region will also involve stakeholders, such services and e-Commerce platforms (See
as transport operators and commuters, in Chapter 9)
planning and implementing public transport
services to address their issues, needs, and
concerns.
Water Resources
Outcome 3: Water security and ecological integrity of

water systems and resiliency to water hazards attained
(Pangasinan). It will also implement local
Upgrade and expand water
and small-scale irrigation systems like the
infrastructure.
Cabacanan Small River Irrigation Project
As part of the implementation of the National (Ilocos Norte), San Felipe Small Reservoir
Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP) 2020-2030 Irrigation Project in La Union, and Bayaoas
and with the identification of a potential Small River Irrigation Project (Pangasinan)
irrigable area of 318,892 hectares, the region to meet irrigation and flood control
will continue to develop, implement and requirements. However, it will ensure that a
maintain irrigation systems and increase cooperation or coordination mechanism will
cropping intensities and maintain food be in place to harmonize the efforts of
security in the region. This will necessitate implementing agencies such as the LGUs,
the implementation of strategic and flagship DA-1, and NIA-1. The region will also
irrigation projects such as the Ilocos Norte- prioritize repairing and rehabilitating
Ilocos Sur-Abra Irrigation Project, Ilocos Sur existing national and community irrigation
Transbasin Project and Upper Banaoang systems such as the Suyo-Tagudin-Sta. Cruz
Irrigation System (Ilocos Sur), and Mabini NIS in Ilocos Sur and the damaged portions
Agricultural Development Project of the community irrigation systems in

294
Pangasinan. Considering cost and system existing intake weir for another bulk water
inefficiencies, the region will shift its focus to plant to benefit La Union and portions of
other irrigation schemes and discourage Ilocos Sur. The LGU of Sarrat, Ilocos Norte,
irrigation provided by deep wells, also known shall also build a similar structure along the
as pump irrigation (See Chapter 2). Laoag River to collect water for human
consumption in the said area. The LGUs and
Recognizing that one of the challenges in their respective water districts will take
water security is guaranteeing that enough charge of the mentioned bulk water diversion
supply is available and safe, the region will schemes in coordination with the Local
improve water service delivery through the Water Utilities Administration, DENR-1,
establishment of bulk water supply facilities DPWH-1, and the RDC-1 (See Chapter 2).
and small water impounding projects,
encouraging local water districts to expand Moreover, a larger septage plant in San
their service coverage and increase the daily Fernando City shall be built to serve the
average number of hours of water service entire city, Bauang, and portions of San Juan.
availability through PPP, and the installation Another septage plant in Malasiqui,
of rainwater harvesting facilities and Pangasinan, is needed for the sewage and
technologies in public schools, barangay water of Urdaneta, San Carlos, and Dagupan
halls, and even government offices. Since the cities. With the high fecal coliform level in the
Philippine Green Building Code of 2015 Sinocalan-Dagupan River System, a
specifies that the collected water from the Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System
rainwater harvesting systems shall only be (DEWATS) facilitated by DENR-1 will be
used for non-potable purposes, this will constructed in Binalonan, Laoac, and
reduce water requirements for potable use Mapandan in Pangasinan. Likewise, the
and minimize wastage. existing structure along the Naguilian River
System in La Union will be expanded,
As the region faces water stress, the region especially in San Fernando City, Bauang, and
will tap existing major river systems as Naguilian. Finally, a DEWATS in Sudipen
primary sources of freshwater that will be and Bangar, La Union, and Tagudin, Ilocos
disinfected for human consumption and Sur will be built to protect the Lower
minimize extraction through the deep wells. Amburayan River System from further
Tapping these rivers involves weirs sufficient degradation. The LGUs will tap PPPs for the
enough to divert water to bulk water plants. construction and operation of septage plants
The Municipalities of Lingayen or Aguilar (See Chapter 2).
can host a bulk water plant to source water
from the Agno River in Pangasinan. The The LGUs, especially in Ilocos Sur, shall
town of Sudipen, La Union, can employ its facilitate the provision of sanitary toilets per

295
household. They will work with barangays to and the NIMP, to enhance water security,
develop springs and construct community sanitation, and disaster resilience. Likewise,
water systems, preferably with a tap the region will strengthen the cooperation
connection per household. In areas with and convergence of national government
functioning local water districts, municipal agencies, LGUs, and the private sector in
LGUs will work with the water districts to effectively implementing projects tagged in
link all families to the water network and the existing watershed and river basin
ensure that the fees and services are fair. The management plans and the action plans of
LWUA shall assist the water districts, LGUs within water quality management
especially in the areas identified to have water areas. Additionally, it will pursue and support
quality problems in the Region 1 Water the preparation of integrated watershed
Supply and Sanitation Roadmap, including management plans for all critical watersheds
Batac City and San Nicolas in Ilocos Norte, to improve resiliency against hazards and
Balaoan in La Union, and Pozorrubio, achieve water security and availability,
Mangaldan, Manaoag, Binmaley, Lingayen, especially for those essential to irrigation
and Umingan in Pangasinan. Overall, the systems (See Chapter 2).
region will support, as part of its
commitment to attaining the SDGs, the Moreover, LGUs shall integrate water
implementation of the Region 1 Water resources management with land use
Supply and Sanitation Roadmap as contained planning and coastal and hazard
in the PWSSMP. management in updating their local
development plans (such as mainstreaming
climate change adaptation and disaster risk
Strengthen the
reduction in comprehensive land use plans)
implementation of integrated
water resources management to enhance aquifer recharge, storage, and
(IWRM) recovery. The LGUs will continue to adopt
the Ridge-to-Reef framework in formulating
While waiting for the passage and their CLUPs as it encourages an integrated
implementation of policies to restructure approach to water resources and
water governance with the enactment of the management. Nature-based solutions shall
National Land Use Act, review of the Water be incorporated into the PPAs to manage
Code, and creation of an office responsible water resources (see Chapter 16).
for Water Resources Management, the region Furthermore, the region will advocate and
will work towards the preparation, institutionalize policy and guidelines for
localization, and implementation of water water conservation, allocation, recycling, and
resources management master plans and reuse. Finally, through the RRDIC-1, the
related studies, most notably the PWSSMP region will conduct research and studies,

296
through public and private HEIs, as impetus water resources sector (See Chapters 10 and
for policy actions for resiliency and the 16).
development and advancement of the local
Energy
Outcome 4: Affordable, accessible, reliable, and

sustainable energy provided
increase its contribution to the Luzon grid
Scale up the energy mix to
and be entitled to receive increased financial
increase the share of
renewable energy (RE) in the benefits from Energy Regulations No. 1-94
overall energy production of (ER1-94) under the DOE Act and the Electric
the region by promoting Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA).
investments.
Likewise, the region will pursue assessments
Renewable Energy (RE) has the potential to on the region's suitability and acceptability
address the country’s reliance on fossil fuels, for other RE projects, including nuclear
modernize the power sector, and empower energy and waste-to-energy technologies,
local communities. The region’s domestic RE and peripheral implications. To incentivize
resources are promising as it hosts projects areas hosting power plants, especially for RE
contributing to the Luzon grid. Currently, it projects, the region will consider plausible
has a wind farm and several hydropower mechanisms or propose policy
plants. A solar farm in Pangasinan is recommendations for lowering electricity
expected to be operational soon. Hence, the costs within these communities.
region will bank on its geographic location to
Further, the region will monitor electric
increase investments in indigenous energy
cooperatives adapting RE sources to lower
sources. To continue attracting investors,
operating costs over time. In addition, it will
however, the LGUs shall have to update their
enjoin the implementation of retail
LIICs, following existing laws, to address
competition and open access under EPIRA.
barriers or provide incentives to interested
Overall, the region will support actions and
industry players in the RE sector. The region
recommendations for policy and
will enjoin all provinces to identify investable
institutional changes that stimulate
areas as sites for RE projects and facilities in
investments and interventions to promote
line with the implementation of the
RE and lessen the country's exposure to the
Philippine Energy Plan 2016-2030 (See
volatility of fuel prices. The entry of more
Chapter 16). As a result, Region 1 can

297
industry players will generally result in their capital requirements for
increased generation capacity and rehabilitation/upgrading, expansion, and
affordability. construction of their electric distribution
systems. On the other hand, the LGUs will
Upgrade transmission and have to provide them with a conducive
distribution lines business, cultural, and social climate for
business operations so they can effectively
Sustaining regionwide electrification shall be
implement their plans and programs to
carried out by encouraging electric
improve delivery.
distribution utilities to improve and expand
service delivery, resiliency, and efficiency,
Enhance the promotion of
especially to off-grid or missionary areas and
energy efficiency.
public schools, through innovation, such as
the underground cabling of wires, at least in Acknowledging that energy remains an
central business districts, and the regular essential resource for development, the
maintenance and periodic upgrading of region will advocate energy efficiency not
facilities and equipment to relieve only as a means of reducing electricity costs
transmission constraints and minimize but also as contributing to local climate
distribution losses and interruptions. As the action. To implement the Philippine Energy
transmission lines also host the backbone of Plan 2016-2030, it will comply with the
the NBN of DICT, these shall be upgraded by Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act or
the concessionaire in coordination with RA 11285, which mandates all government
TransCo, DICT-1, and DOE. Upgrading offices and the private sector to adopt and
transmission lines results in a higher capacity implement energy efficiency and
to transmit power from the source. Higher conservation measures in their daily
capacity transmission lines can deliver more operations, both in electric and fuel use. It
power from the source to the end-users shall monitor the establishment of local
without significant power loss, reducing the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Offices,
need for new power generation capacity and which will oversee the development and
providing a more reliable and efficient power implementation of energy efficiency and
supply to avert potential interruptions that conservation plans to reduce energy
disrupt business operations. consumption in public buildings and
facilities and promote energy efficiency and
Additionally, the electric cooperatives (ECs) conservation among the public. The offices
shall improve their operational efficiencies will be tapped as program front liners in the
and avail of loans or credit accommodations, reasonable and more efficient use of
especially those provided by NEA, to finance electricity through the conduct of energy

298
audits, installation of energy-efficient charge for missionary electrification, and the
lighting and appliances, development of guiding policies of NEA on IEC campaign
public awareness campaigns, adoption of among end-users on energy saving practices
green building standards, and encouraging and measures. The region shall also support
PPPs for energy efficiency and conservation the passage of local legislation as virtual
initiatives. counterparts of Republic Act No. 9513 or the
RE Act to advocate its use and reduction of
It shall further monitor the implementation consumption at the LGU level. It shall also
of energy efficiency programs among electric step up its advocacy on the Net-Metering
cooperatives, specifically on the adherence to Program for RE to boost the number of users
the Green Energy Option Program as part of among households and public and private
the RE Act of 2008, the prescribed universal offices.
Social Infrastructure
Outcome 5: Enhanced support to social development

provided
It will focus on investment programs for
Ensure equitable access to
better access to quality healthcare services for
adequate health, education,
and solid waste management GIDAs, marginalized populations, and
(SWM) infrastructure indigenous communities to help people to
seek regular preventive healthcare in the
The region will improve access to social form of checkups even if they are not yet ill
services. Generally, this involves the and not only when the diseases are already in
upgrading of primary healthcare facilities their advanced stages to mitigate further
and infrastructure to respond to the growing mortalities. It will construct new BHCs with
population and the occurrence of other the support of DOH's Health Facilities
public health emergencies, the construction Enhancement Program (HFEP), especially in
and repair of additional school buildings to the GIDAs of Ilocos Norte. Under HFEP, the
maintain the ideal classroom-to-student ratio region will also construct SHCs in towns
and comply with safety and health protocols, belonging to the 3rd Income Class or lower
and the adoption of sustainable and and are not directly served by at least one
acceptable technologies. public Level 1 hospital (See Chapter 2 for the
list of the 15 priority towns for new SHCs).

299
The Provincial Governments, with the other agencies for project preparation studies
support of HFEP, will upgrade Level 1 on the construction of sanitary landfills and
Hospitals in Bangui (Ilocos Norte), Tagudin related facilities. With spatial constraints, it
(Ilocos Sur), Naguilian (La Union), and will also encourage LGUs to forge
Alaminos City, Dasol, and Pozorrubio agreements with other LGUs or entities with
(Pangasinan) to Level 2 standards. The Ilocos existing facilities for their respective SWM
Sur Medical Center, Conrado Estrella needs, especially in areas with certificates of
Regional Medical and Trauma Center ancestral domain titles or certificates of
(Pangasinan), and the region's existing ancestral land titles that limit the use of lands
provincial hospitals shall also be expanded (See Chapter 4.3).
(See Chapter 4.1).
Support and expand facilities
Similarly, the region shall prioritize GIDAS
and infrastructure related to
for schools, especially on the Last Mile DRR-CCA
Schools and School Building programs of
DepEd-1. The priority towns are listed in Being disaster-prone, Region 1 will invest
Chapter 4.2. Likewise, DPWH-1 will further in infrastructure and ancillary
prioritize opening access roads to education facilities to enhance resilience and response
facilities for better mobility. The region will capacity. This entails the construction of
also ensure that all schools will be energized gender-responsive evacuation centers and
and connected to the internet through the flood control projects in the form of coastal
efforts of DepEd-1 and the LGUs. or riverine protection structures. Through
Furthermore, the region will increase the the DPWH-1, the region will continue
coverage of energized households, especially constructing and maintaining flood
in La Union and Pangasinan, through the mitigation structures and drainage systems
Sitio Electrification Program of NEA (See (see Chapter 16). The priorities are the
Chapter 4.2). Laoag/Padsan River (especially in Laoag City,
San Nicolas, Dingras and Solsona, Ilocos
The region will promote the construction of Norte), Abra River (especially the San
Solid Waste Management (SWM) facilities to Ildefonso-Cauayan Seawall component of
cater to the increasing volume of waste Metro Vigan Sustainable Urban
generated at the household, industrial, and Infrastructure Development Plan, and the
commercial levels (see Chapter 4.3). dikes in the Abra River estuary in Ilocos Sur),
Recognizing their fiscal limitations in and Amburayan River (specifically the
implementing their integrated SWM riverbanks in Sugpon, Ilocos Sur and
programs, the region's PDAC can link them Sudipen, La Union) and the dikes in river
to financial and multilateral institutions and delta barangays of Mindoro (Bangar, La

300
Union) and Pudoc (Tagudin, Ilocos Sur) as warning systems in the Laoag River Basin and
mentioned in Lower Amburayan other major water bodies threatening low-
Development Corridor Strategic Plan. lying communities. Further, it will endorse
Through the DPWH-1, it will complete the the preparation and implementation of
flood control systems in major rivers such as proposals, like the Integrated Water
Aringay (La Union), Agno River (especially Engineering Project in Laoag River Basin and
in the confluence of Agno and Ambayaoan the Integrated Flood Resilience and
Rivers, and the riverbanks along Asingan, Adaptation Project, to mitigate damages
San Manuel, Rosales, Santo Tomas, caused by floods and sediment deposition
Bayambang, Bautista and Lingayen), and the through appropriate structural works (See
diking and dredging of Sinocalan, Pantal, Chapter 16).
Dagupan and Ingalera rivers in Dagupan
City. Gabion or bio-engineered dikes shall be The region shall also support the operation of
built along farmlands where human the Coastal Engineering Research Center or
settlements are not concentrated to minimize CoastER Center, located at MMSU in Ilocos
costs whenever appropriate (See Chapter 2). Norte, to spur capacity-building and
innovations that address coastal erosion and
The region shall support recommendations develop construction materials for coastal
for installing early warning systems, such as protection, policies, and guidelines to
establishing AI-based flood forecasting and promote coastal resiliency (See Chapter 10).
Legislative Agenda
Table 13.1. Legislative Agenda to Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Passage of the National Land This will institutionalize a just, holistic, and ethical planning for NEDA
Use Act using and protecting the country’s land and water resources. It
lays out land use parameters, long-term planning, and reviews of
sustainable land use at all levels of government.
Creation of the Department of This will create a national water management authority to DENR, NEDA, NWRB
Water Resources coordinate and integrate the development and management of
Management water resources. It can also include the provision of financial
benefits to communities contributing to and hosting water
resources infrastructure projects like ER1-94 of the energy sector
by amending PD No. 1067 or the Water Code of the Philippines.
Passage of the Public-Private This will polish the current BOT Law to boost PPP projects PPP Center
Partnership Act nationwide and clarify how LGUs implement PPP projects.

301
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Passage of the National This aims to achieve a safe, secure, efficient, competitive, NEDA, DoTr, DPWH
Transport Policy Act dependable, integrated, environmentally sustainable, and people-
oriented Philippine transportation system by setting policies to
guide all entities involved in the transportation sector, including
the roles and responsibilities of national and local governments.
It also lays down the rights of commuters by adopting a Magna
Carta for Commuters. The Act should include the governance
aspect of managing the use of the transport facilities, transport
support facilities for users, and traffic and route management as
contained in the Traffic Management Strategy of Region 1.
Passage of the Better Internet Requires all public telecommunications entities and internet DICT, NTC
Act service providers to increase service coverage and deliver a
minimum standard for internet connection speed. This is crucial
in supporting the MSMEs in the region, particularly the Micro
enterprises, as they comprise about 98 percent of the business
establishments in the region. Likewise, many settlements in
Region 1 are in the upland areas, and many of these communities
are in the GIDAs. Providing better internet for the business
sectors and the communities in the GIDAs will allow them to be
more productive and engaged in the region’s development.
Lifeline Rate for Internet It establishes a lifeline rate for internet access, similar to other DICT, NTC
Services Bill utilities such as electricity and potable water. The rate recognizes
internet access as a primary right and provides much-needed
assistance to low-income and connectivity-dependent internet
consumers.
Institutionalizing the use of The proposed policy will shift the role of bicycles and other non- DoTr, DPWH, RDC-1
active and sustainable modes motorized and active transportation from an “alternative mode”
of transportation, including towards an institutionalized mode integrated into the country’s
standards for accessible transportation network.
and safe pathways, and green
open spaces
Adoption of LGUs of Local PPP This empowers LGUs and gives them the authority to enter into RDC-1, LGUs
Codes contracts with the private sector to implement development
projects.
Ordinance to Adopt Green This allows LGUs to improve building performance efficiency by RDC-1, LGUs
Building Code as Construction instituting a framework for sound and environment-friendly
Standard resource management practices.
Energy Efficiency Ordinance This will enable LGUs to create their Energy Efficiency and RDC-1, LGUs
Conservation Offices to advocate energy efficiency and even
promote RE (net-metering program).

302
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Ordinance to Create This will facilitate LGU compliance and implementation of RDC-1, LGUs
Environmental and Natural environmental laws such as the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act,
Resources Offices and the the Ecological SWM Act, and other local ordinances.
Position of Environment and
Natural Resources Officer
Results Matrix
Table 13.2. Result Matrix: Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure

INDICATORS
Chapter Outcome: Sustainable, resilient, integrated, and modernized infrastructure facilities and services delivered
Outcome 1: Planning, programming, and asset management in infrastructure enhanced
Road Traffic Accidents Ratio per 100,000 population decreased
4.9 Annual
Region 1 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.6 PNP
(2021) Report
Annual
Ilocos Norte 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 PNP
Report
Annual
Ilocos Sur 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 PNP
Report
Annual
La Union 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 PNP
Report
Annual
Pangasinan 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.3 PNP
Report
Number of Passengers
46,016 Annual
transported via air 50,618 55,679 61,247 67,372 74,109 85,226 CAAP
(2021) Report
increased
Number of Passengers
transported via sea 9,242 Annual
2,010 2,010 2,010 2,010 2,010 2,010 PPA
(foreign ship calls) (2020) Report
increased
Cargo transported via air 211,627 Annual
232,790 256,069 281,676 309,843 340,827 391,952 CAAP
(MT) increased (2021) Report
Cargo transported via sea 4,843,405 Annual
6,079,953 6,383,951 6,703,148 7,038,306 7,390,221 7,759,732 PPA
(MT) increased (2021) Report
Number of international
65,689 Annual
and domestic flights 72,258 79,484 87,432 96,175 105,793 121,662 CAAP
(2021) Report
increased
Number of bypasses and diversion roads constructed increased
30 Annual
Region 1 42 31 23 11 10 5 DPWH
(2021) Report
Annual
Ilocos Norte 8 7 7 2 1 0 0 DPWH
Report
Annual
Ilocos Sur 5 7 4 5 3 3 3 DPWH
Report

303
INDICATORS
Annual
La Union 5 3 3 0 0 0 0 DPWH
Report
Annual
Pangasinan 18 25 17 16 7 7 2 DPWH
Report
Total length of bypasses
and diversion roads 21.47098 Annual
76.9932 61.7645 50.9814 18.1927 6.0200 5.1360 DPWH
constructed (km) (2022) Report
increased
Number of access roads constructed increased
53 Annual
Region 1 22 20 7 1 1 0 DPWH
(2022) Report
Annual
Ilocos Norte 20 8 8 4 0 0 0 DPWH
Report
Annual
Ilocos Sur 8 3 2 0 0 0 0 DPWH
Report
Annual
La Union 9 3 3 0 0 0 0 DPWH
Report
Annual
Pangasinan 16 8 7 3 1 1 0 DPWH
Report
Total length of
37.6515 Annual
access roads constructed 24.99725 51.77379 15.8592 0.9932 0.4966 0 DPWH
(2022) Report
(km) increased
Outcome 2: Seamless and inclusive connectivity achieved
Percentage of To be
Annual
households with internet collected 100% DICT
Report
access increased
Proportion of the population (10 to 64 years old) using the internet increased
60.6
Email/Research Increasing FLEMMS PSA
(2019)
73.2
Social Media Increasing FLEMMS PSA
(2019)
Number of businesses using the Internet (e-Commerce) increased
13,142 Annual
Region 1 15,862 18,847 21,932 25,125 28,436 31,879 DTI
(2021) Report
Cell site-to-
population ratio per To be Increasing Annual
NTC
10,000 population collected Report
improved
Proportion of Public
Schools with Internet 88.84
Annual
Access to Total Number (2020- 92.02 93.61 94.97 96.33 97.70 100.00 DepEd
Report
of Public Schools 2021)
increased
Outcome 3: Water security and ecological integrity of water systems and resiliency to water hazards attained
Percentage of households with access to potable/safe water supply increased
96.36 Annual
Region 1 97.00 98.00 99.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 DOH
(2021) Report
Annual
Ilocos Norte 93.35 ≥94 ≥94 ≥94 ≥94 ≥94 ≥94 DOH
report

304
INDICATORS
Annual
Ilocos Sur 86.88 ≥88 ≥89 ≥91 ≥92 ≥93 ≥94 DOH
report
Annual
La Union 98.90 ≥98 ≥98 ≥98 ≥99 ≥99 ≥99 DOH
report
Annual
Pangasinan 98.04 ≥98 ≥98 ≥98 ≥94 ≥99 ≥94 DOH
report
Proportion of households
93.85 Annual
with access to a sanitary 97.00 98.00 99.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 DOH
(2021) Report
toilet facility increased
Percentage of households with access to Level III water supply systems increased
39.05 Annual
Region 1 43.74 48.43 53.13 57.82 62.51 67.20 DOH
(2021) Report
Annual
Ilocos Norte 45.92 49.10 52.28 55.46 58.64 61.82 65.00 DOH
Report
Annual
Ilocos Sur 37.64 41.53 45.43 49.32 53.21 57.11 61.00 DOH
Report
Annual
La Union 22.83 24.03 25.22 26.42 27.61 28.81 30.00 DOH
Report
Annual
Pangasinan 38.86 45.72 52.57 59.43 66.29 73.14 80.00 DOH
Report
Cropping Intensity 156.09

156.13 157.25 158.02 156.47 158.11 161.21 Annual NIA
increased (2021)
Report
Actual irrigated area
52.63
to potential irrigable 53.01 53.85 54.73 54.98 56.31 60.40 Annual NIA
(2021)
area ratio increased Report
Outcome 4: Affordable, accessible, reliable, and sustainable energy provided
Percentage of
116.39 Annual
households with access Increasing NEA
(2021) Report
to electricity increased
Percentage of public schools with access to electricity (on-grid and off-grid) increased:
99.97%
Annual
Elementary (2021- 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% 99% DepEd
Report
2022)
Annual
Junior HS 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% DepEd
Report
Annual
Senior HS 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% DepEd
Report
Average electricity rates (Php/KWh) decreased
13.99 Annual
Region 1 Decreasing DOE
(2022) Report
Decreasing Annual DOE
Ilocos Norte 14.55
Report

305
INDICATORS
Ilocos Sur 13.9
Report
La Union 14.09
Report
Pangasinan 13.81
Report
Number of new RE plants
12 Annual
operating in Region 1 Increasing >12 DOE
(2022) Report
increased
Annual
Ilocos Norte 9 Increasing >9 DOE
Report
Annual
Ilocos Sur 1 Increasing >1 DOE
Report
Annual
La Union 0 Increasing 1 DOE
Report
Annual
Pangasinan 2 Increasing >2 DOE
Report
Share of Region 1 energy
15.43 Annual
production to Luzon Grid 15.86 16.29 16.72 17.14 17.57 18 DOE
(2022) Report
increased
Share of renewable
34.93 Annual
energy in the energy mix 36.94 38.95 40.97 42.98 44.99 47 DOE
(2022) Report
in Region 1 increased
Percentage of
watersheds developed To be Annual
Increasing DOE
for hydro-energy collected Report
increased
Outcome 5: Enhanced support to social development provided
Barangay Health Station to Barangay Ratio improved
1:2 Annual
Region 1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 DOH
(2021) Report
Annual
Ilocos Norte 1:5 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 DOH
Report
Annual
Ilocos Sur 1:2 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 DOH
Report
Annual
La Union 1:2 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 DOH
Report
Annual
Pangasinan 1:2 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 DOH
Report
Classroom-to-population ratio improved for:
1:24
Annual
Elementary (SY 2021- 1:24 1:24 1:23 1:23 1:23 1:23 DepEd
Report
2022)
Annual
Junior HS 1:36 1:35 1:35 1:34 1:32 1:31 1:29 DepEd
Report
Annual
Senior HS 1:37 1:37 1:37 1:37 1:37 1:37 1:36 DepEd
Report

306
1
https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/sites/default/files/issuances/do_263_s2022.pdf
2
Data from https://www.foi.gov.ph/requests/aglzfmVmb2ktcGhyHQsSB0NvbnRlbnQiEE5UQy0xMTQ5OTA0OTcwOTgM
3
NEDA RO-1. (2021). Region 1 Spatial Strategy. https://ilocos.neda.gov.ph/region-1-spatial-strategy/.
4
Data on irrigation is from https://region1.nia.gov.ph/sites/r1/files/Status%20of%20Operation.pdf.
5
https://arta.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Revised-Telco-JMC-.pdf

307
1
4
Ensur
ePeaceand
Secur
ityandEnhance
Administ
rat
ionofJust
ice
CHAPTER 14
Ensure Peace and Security and

Enhance Administration of
Justice
The realization of the Filipino people’s long-term vision of a matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay
para sa lahat rests upon an environment that is safe, secure, and orderly. Moreover, peaceful
communities can harness the fruits of economic growth without fear or threat on their lives and
livelihood. Peace and order, and security ensure the mobility of people and free flow of goods and
services. Thus, continuity of economic activities and a business-friendly environment are facilitated.
Therefore, crimes that disturb peace and order need to be prevented, and crimes committed need
speedy resolution. The region focuses on ensuring the security, safety, and public order, and promoting
a swift, fair and humane administration of justice for its people.
Subchapter 14.1: Ensure Peace and Security

Ensuring peace and security is essential in the provinces of the region were declared
attainment of a cohesive, secure, and insurgency-free in 2021. In addition, Region
progressive nation. Amidst the COVID-19 1 has been declared to be in a state of stable
pandemic, peace and security in Region 1 internal peace and security through Joint
were sustained due to the relentless efforts of RDC-Regional Peace and Order Council
law enforcement agencies in conducting anti- (RPOC) RTF-ELCAC-1 Resolution No. 1, s.
criminality and anti-insurgency campaigns, 2022. Sustaining the insurgency-free status of
crime reduction programs, and efficient the region is vital in ensuring peace and
solving of reported crimes. Campaigns security, and it entails the need to continue
against gender-based violence and abuses and intensify the conduct of anti-insurgency
towards women and children were likewise campaigns along with information
intensified. dissemination activities focused on the
livelihood services offered by government
Region 1 was declared insurgency-free. agencies. Moreover, increasing police
Through the whole-of-nation approach and visibility helped deter the re-emergence of
various significant efforts of the Regional communist rebels who tend to target the
Task Force to End Local Communist Armed critical information infrastructure (CII) as
Conflict Region 1 (RTF-ELCAC-1), all
Chapter 14: Ensure Peace and Security, and Enhance Administration of Justice
311
these do not usually have permanent police However, anti-criminality drives should be
protection (See Chapter 2). strengthened, and advanced training to be
provided among police personnel and crime
Criminal incidents reported significantly investigators to achieve a 100 percent CSER.
reduced. Though the COVID-19 pandemic
posed another challenge in assuring peace The number of reported gender-based
and security in the region, the average violence cases declined. The number of
monthly index crime rate continued to reported gender-based violence cases,
decline annually. It can be noted, however, including electronic violence against women
that Pangasinan, where 59.67 percent of the (e-VAW), dropped from 2,075 in 2017 to
region’s population is found, registered the 1,572 in 2021. Most of the reported cases
highest volume of recorded crime in 2021 at from 2017 to 2021 were from Pangasinan, the
6,017 cases. Meanwhile, the region’s five biggest province in the region. Contributory
percent average monthly index crime rate in to the decline was the continuous conduct of
2017 significantly decreased to two percent in campaigns, programs, and activities to end
2021. This can be attributed to the increased gender-based violence in Region 1.
police presence in the region by hiring more Meanwhile, the significant decrease
personnel and establishing police patrols in documented in 2020 was due to the onset of
strategic areas. Additionally, the region’s the COVID-19 pandemic, wherein
increased police presence is reflected in the community quarantines and lockdowns were
expansion of the uniformed Philippine imposed (See Chapter 6.2).
National Police (PNP) personnel from 9,070
in 2020 to 9,307 in 2021. Further expansion Lower number of abuse cases towards
of the police force is needed to compensate women and children was recorded. From
for the increasing population and to sustain the 1,032 reported abuse cases towards
the reduction of criminal incidents in the women in 2017, the figures dipped to 703 in
region. 2021. Similarly, there was a major decrease in
the number of abuse cases for children from
Crime Solution Efficiency Rate improved. 2017 to 2021, resulting in a difference of 160
The number of resolved cases over the total children. Of the 868 cases in 2021, 744 of
crimes committed increased, as reflected in which involved female children. Ilocos Norte
the region's improved Crime Solution has the least number of cases, while
Efficiency Rate (CSER) from 77 percent in Pangasinan was the province with the most
2017 to 78 percent in 2021. The increase in reported abuse cases towards women and
the CSER was due to anti-criminality drives, children. Nonetheless, the decline in
capability enhancement programs, and recorded abuse cases from 2017 to 2021 was
training among crime investigators. attributed to the enhanced information and
312
empowerment activities and programs clearance and solution efficiency rates in the
conducted in the region, specifically the 18- region. The 93 percent cybercrime clearance
Day Campaign to End Violence Against efficiency rate (CCER) in 2021 decreased to
Women and Children (VAWC) (See Chapter 71 percent in 2022. Meanwhile, the
6.2). cybercrime solution efficiency rate (CySER)
decreased from 51 percent in 2021 to 47
Cybercrime Clearance and Solution percent in 2022. The decline in the CCER
Efficiency Rates need to increase. In 2022, signifies difficulty in identifying the suspects
there were 34 recorded cybercrime incidents for some incidents; thus, cases were not yet
in the region, which was lower than the 45 filed. On the other hand, the decline in the
incidents recorded in 2021. The majority of CySER indicates a challenge in identifying
incidents in 2021 were in Pangasinan, but in and arresting suspects. Increasing the CCER
2022, Ilocos Sur had the most incidents. and CySER will ensure peace and security;
However, the decline in cybercrime incidents thus, conducting anti-cybercrime initiatives
was accompanied by decreased cybercrime in the region is vital.
Strategy Framework
Economic and social transformation heavily protection and safety from natural hazards
rest on having public order, safety, and and other threats ensured. In so doing, the
security. Therefore, the peace and security rule of law shall be applied in curbing
sector in Region 1 will implement criminalities and the rights of both the
interventions that will ensure the attainment victims and the offenders are upheld. Gender
of the following outcomes: (a) protection and mainstreaming and protection of vulnerable
development of conflict-affected groups will also be strengthened. These are
communities sustained, (b) quality of life of contributory to a culture of sinnaranay where
people safeguarded from criminality, and (c) people are considerate of one another.
313
Figure 14.1.1. Strategy Framework to Ensure Peace and Security
Strategies
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Ensure Peace and Security
Peace and security can ensure the continuity and do business in. Hence, there is a need to
of socio-economic development activities. maintain safety, security, and order to sustain
Aside from the occurrence of minor and the development trajectory of the region
sporadic crime incidents, Region 1 has while protecting the rights of all people,
become apparent as a peaceful place to live especially vulnerable groups.
Outcome 1: Protection and development of conflict-affected

communities sustained
strengthening of the role of LGUs in carrying
Continue the reintegration of
out peace dialogues, and the
former combatants and their
families, and normalization of complementation and convergence of
conflict-affected communities socioeconomic packages to communities and
former rebels and their families. Concerned
The DILG-1 in coordination with AFP LGUs will implement psycho-socio and
Northern Luzon (NOLCOM), and PNP-1 educational programs for children of former
will prioritize the enhancement of the rebels and livelihood for women rebels
capacities of local chief executives and the returning to the folds of the law. The DILG-1
314
will continue implementing and monitoring such as the Lupon Tagapamayapa, POCs,
projects under the Barangay Development local development councils, and council of
Program (BDP) across the region. The region elders will be strengthened. The Barangay
through DILG-1 will continue to support the Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPAT) will be
enhanced-Comprehensive Local Integration capacitated through capability-enhancing
Program (eCLIP) and the Payapa at interventions so that they can efficiently and
Masaganang Pamayanan (PAMANA) effectively maintain peace and counter
program that funds development programs threats occurring at the barangay level. The
and interventions to conflict-affected and region will continue to support peace-
isolated areas in the region. The program will education programs and activities and
facilitate the establishment of infrastructure promote a culture of peace and non-violence
such as roads, bridges, schools, and in both formal and non-formal settings. The
healthcare facilities. Livelihood programs peace situation in the provinces of
and basic social services will be provided for Pangasinan and Ilocos Sur, which were
the communities. recently declared to be insurgency free, shall
be monitored by the AFP Northern
Sustain the established Command to maintain its current status.
mechanisms to counter threats
from terrorism, radicalization, Ensure plans are peace-
and violent extremism promoting, and implemented
synchronously
The region through the RDC-1 and RPOC-1
shall continue interventions to sustain the Conflict sensitivity and peace promotion
region’s state of stable internal peace and programs and activities will be integrated not
security. The Councils will continue to tap only into the plan of peace-promoting
partners and agencies to ensure that the entities such as local peace and order councils
resurgence of CTGs is prevented. Structures (LPOCs) but also into the various plans
and mechanisms that promote and support promulgated by regional and local
peace and development will be supported to development councils (R/LDCs) and disaster
prevent or mitigate the negative impact of risk reduction and management councils. A
conflict. The LGUs’ peace and order councils cluster to focus on the issues and challenges
(POCs) will continue to formulate policies, of women and children may be established
implement interventions, and provide within the local peace-promoting bodies. All
guidance to all peace and security programs and initiatives will also be
stakeholders on matters of peace and harmonized to ensure coherence, cost-
security. Mechanisms of conflict resolution efficiency, and high impact.
315
Outcome 2: Quality of life of people safeguarded from
criminality
form of abuse, discrimination, and
Strengthen and expand police
exploitation are properly implemented and
engagements with communities
observed in their respective organizations,
While the volume of crimes in the region has agencies, and barangays. KABALIKAT Patrol
been declining for the past three years, there also supports the attainment of SDG 5 where
is still a need to strengthen the partnership women and girls must have equal rights and
between PNP-1 and local peace and order opportunities, and be able to live free of
institutions to effectively address criminality violence and discrimination. PNP-1 will also
within communities. Capacity-building partner with DepEd-1 to address violence
interventions will include developing among the youth in the public school
protocols for checkpoints and enforcement premises and help instill values among the
of community peace and order guidelines. pupils and students in the region.
The region continues to support the
revitalized PNP KASIMBAYANAN Continue anti-criminality
(Kapulisan, Simbahan at Pamayanan) campaigns including holistic
Program which is a community mobilization approach in addressing illegal
program highlighting the synergized and and dangerous drugs
collaborative partnership of the PNP-1 with
The PNP-1 will sustain its efforts in reducing
the general public and the religious sector to
all forms of criminality and intensified crime
attain sustainable peace and lasting
prevention measures. The region will also
development. The province of Pangasinan
continue the conduct of enhanced
with the highest reported crime in 2021 shall
information and empowerment activities and
intensify its crime prevention program by
programs such as the 18-Day Campaign to
engaging the community. Also, the LGUs in
End VAWC, and Women’s Month
the region are enjoined to establish the
Celebration. Police presence in public places
Kababaihan at KaBataan sa isang Ligtas na
including schools will also be sustained. For
Pamayanan Itaguyod Kanilang Karapatan,
the next six years, the region will endeavor to
Tungkulin ng Bawat Mamamayan
lessen the cases of violence against vulnerable
(KABALIKAT) in their localities. The overall
groups such as women and children.
objective of the KABALIKAT Patrol is to
create an empowered women’s organization The PNP-1 will continue to strengthen the
that will monitor and ensure that laws conduct of its intensive and unrelenting
protecting women and children against any campaign against all forms of criminalities
316
including trafficking and use of dangerous Rehabilitation Center (DATRC) in every
drugs and other similar substances through province and continuous support of the
an integrated system of planning, activities of Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse
implementation, and enforcement of anti- Council (BADAC). The PNP-1 shall work
drug abuse policies, programs, and projects, with DepEd-1 to implement Project READY
especially in Pangasinan which has high (Resistance Education Against Drugs for the
number of population. This also includes the Youth) to help fight drug use in public
establishment of Drug Abuse Treatment and schools.
Outcome 3: Protection and safety from hazards and other

threats ensured
protected workforce and volunteers. Risk
Continue enhancing the
awareness, risk-informed decisions and
capacity and capability of
security forces and LGUs on actions of governments and appropriate early
humanitarian assistance and actions will be provided to communities for
disaster response (HADR), and their protection and safety. The region
protection services acknowledges the vulnerability of women in
emergency situations, thus it will strengthen
To enable security sector agencies (PNP-1, the coordination and harmonization of
BFP-1, BJMP-1, and AFP NOLCOM) to protection and rehabilitation initiatives for
effectively respond to natural and human- women and girls in various emergencies
induced disasters, the Regional Disaster Risk through the development of comprehensive
Reduction and Management Council-1 gender- and culturally-sensitive disaster risk
(RDRRMC-1) through the Office of Civil reduction and management programs that
Defense-1 (OCD-1), will continue to provide specifically highlight the context and
capacity-building programs for disaster vulnerabilities of women during
responders such as the National Urban emergencies, including women in frontline
Search and Rescue (USAR) Capacity agencies that includes the uniformed
Building. The OCD-1 will continue to personnel.
conduct Training Needs Assessment (TNA)
as well as assessment and evaluation of Local Continue to protect critical
DRRM Offices (LDRRMO) to increase the infrastructure, strategic assets
institutional capacities of regional and local and natural resources
DRRM councils and offices. The region will
adhere to well-established disaster response The LGUs POC will further be strengthened
operations with a well-equipped and as a primary mechanism for the protection of
317
critical infrastructure, strategic assets, and Strengthen cybersecurity and
natural resources. LGUs will be capacitated cyber resilience
to further improve their coordination and
The DICT-1 along with line agencies and
preparedness as well as their skills in critical
LGUs’ ICT and Management Information
infrastructure mapping, and threat
Systems (MIS) units will ensure the
assessment. The modernization program of
successful implementation and regular
security forces (AFP NOLCOM, PNP-1,
updating of their Cybersecurity Plans. Also,
BFP-1) will cover the capability upgrade and
the PNP-1, DICT-1 and LGUs in the region
procurement of appropriate equipment for
will protect the CII, government networks,
better implementation of operations.
supply chains, and individuals through the
Specifically, each town will have a police
establishment of programs and platforms for
station built in accordance with PNP-1
local and international cooperation in
standards and that areas with mining sites,
cybersecurity and cyber resilience. The
heavy industries, fuel depots and warehouses
region supports regular conduct of risk
including Bangar, Bacnotan, San Fernando
analysis on government entities’
City, Bauang, and Agoo (La Union), Sison,
administrative processes to enhance the
Urdaneta City, Dagupan City, and Sual
procedures involved in making the
(Pangasinan) will have Type A Fire Stations
government information environment
in accordance to BFP standards together with
secure and resilient. Strengthening
the cities of the region (See Chapter 2). The
cybersecurity and cyber resilience is vital as
region through the RDRRMC-1 shall
the region shifts to e-Governance (See
continue to protect and substantially reduce
Chapter 15).
the damages to critical infrastructures in line
with Sendai Framework as incorporated in
the updated Region 1 DRRM Plan 2022-2027
(See Chapter 16).
318
Cross-cutting Strategies
encourages local planners to proceed with
Uphold human rights and the planning to promote gender equality,
rule of law and strengthen women’s empowerment, improving
gender mainstreaming and the capabilities, and broaden options for all. The
protection of vulnerable groups region enjoins all LGUs in Region 1 to
The region will sustain current reforms being mainstream GAD in local development
undertaken, and strengthen existing planning through the use of the HGDG for
structures and systems while upholding Development Planning. Moreover, the
human rights and the rule of law, and region will continuously provide technical
strengthening gender mainstreaming and the assistance on GAD mainstreaming and
protection of vulnerable groups. Gender and ensure the quality of technical assistance
Development (GAD) Planning and provided to various stakeholders in the
Budgeting of agencies serves as an essential region in collaboration with the Region 1
mechanism in the implementation of these GAD Resource Pool (R1GRP).
cross-cutting strategies. The region also
Legislative Agenda
Table 14.1.1. Legislative Agenda to Ensure Peace and Security
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Protection of Critical This aims to protect critical information infrastructure CIIs by prescribing DICT
Information minimum standards for compliance by government agencies. This will
Infrastructure Bill strengthen the region's initiatives on fortifying the security resilience of
cyberspace as we shift towards Digitization. This will also encourage the
private sector to invest in critical telecommunications infrastructures in the
upland areas that will help address the digital divide and support
digitalization in the region.
Cybersecurity and This aims to strengthen the capabilities of the DICT by providing it with DICT
Cyber Resilience Bill regulatory authority over CIIs and the cybersecurity industry. This will
strengthen the cybersecurity and cyber resiliency in the region.
319
Results Matrix
Table 14.1.2. Results Matrix: Ensure Peace and Security

INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Peace and Security ensured
Outcome 1: Protection and development of conflict-affected communities sustained
Percentage of 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 RTF- AFP/ DILG
Provinces Declared as (2021) ELCAC Reports
Insurgency-Free
maintained at 100%
Percentage of 1.01 Increasing RTF- DILG

Barangay Development ELCAC and
Program beneficiary- RPMES Reports
barangays provided
with socioeconomic
interventions increased
Number of conflict- To be Decreasing RTF- DND/ AFP

related deaths per collected ELCAC Reports
100,000 population
decreased
Ilocos Norte To be Decreasing

collected
Ilocos Sur To be Decreasing

collected
La Union To be Decreasing
collected
Pangasinan To be Decreasing
collected
Outcome 2: Quality of life of people safeguarded from criminality
Average monthly index 2 1.38 1.31 1.24 0.93 0.70 0.52 PNP PNP
crime rate decreased (2021) Database
Ilocos Norte 2.00 0.15 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.06
Ilocos Sur 2.00 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.15 0.11 0.08
La Union 1.00 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.11 0.08
320
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Pangasinan 2.00 0.80 0.76 0.70 0.54 0.41 0.30
Average monthly non- 5.68 5.06 4.8 4.56 3.42 2.57 1.93 PNP PNP
index crime rate (2021) Database
decreased
Ilocos Norte To be 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.35 0.27 0.20

collected
Ilocos Sur To be 0.64 0.60 0.57 0.43 0.32 0.24

collected
La Union To be 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.36 0.27 0.20

collected
Pangasinan To be 3.36 3.19 3.03 2.28 1.71 1.28

collected
Crime Solution 78.00 79.18 79.89 80.16 81.32 82.03 82.74 PNP PNP
Efficiency Rate (2021) Database
increased
Ilocos Norte 78.00 Ongoing data validation by PNP
Ilocos Sur 76.00 Ongoing data validation by PNP
La Union 87.00 Ongoing data validation by PNP
Pangasinan 77.00 Ongoing data validation by PNP
Number of reported 1,572 Decreasing PNP PNP

gender-based violence (2021) Database
cases (includes e-VAW)
decreased
Percent decrease in (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5)

the number of
reported GBV cases
Male to be Decreasing
collected
Female to be Decreasing
collected
Ilocos Norte 120 Decreasing
Ilocos Sur 236 Decreasing
La Union 158 Decreasing
Pangasinan 1,058 Decreasing
Number of reported 703 Decreasing PNP PNP

abuse cases of women (2021) Database
decreased
321
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

the number of abuse
cases of women
decreased
Pangasinan 487 Decreasing
Number of reported 868 Decreasing PNP PNP

abuse cases of children (2021) Database
decreased

the number of abuse
cases of children
decreased
Male 124 Decreasing
Female 744 Decreasing
Male 8 Decreasing
Male 23 Decreasing
Male 9 Decreasing
Pangasinan 570 Decreasing
Male 84 Decreasing
322
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Outcome 3: Protection and safety from hazards and other threats ensured
Percentage of cyber 70.59% Increasing PNP PNP

incident reports (2022) Database
processed and/or
closed and remediated
increased
Ilocos Norte 100% 100%
Ilocos Sur 95% 100%
La Union 100% 100%
Pangasinan 50% Increasing
323
Sub-Chapter 14.2: Enhance Administration of
Justice
Humane and fair administration of justice is registered an accomplishment of 101 percent,
one of the foundations in building a high- which means that courts handled all
trust society. From 2017 to 2021, Region 1 incoming caseloads while still working on
continued to implement programs focused their backlogs. Having accomplished a court
on the protection of fundamental human clearance rate of more than 100 percent
rights and the enforcement of laws on the represents that the 1st Judicial Region is fast
rights to life and security of people. However, and efficient in handling caseloads. However,
despite the continuous efforts, there is still the 1st Judicial Region does not only include
the need to further enhance the the provinces of Region 1 but also includes
administration of justice and effective several provinces from the Cordillera
conduct of programs promoting human Administrative Region (CAR), thus, there is
rights. a need for the Honorable Court to consider
the existing administrative regions in judicial
The case completion period in judicial groupings to get the exact situation in Region
dockets and the clearance rate of all courts 1.
need to improve. Efficient administration of
justice requires the need to unclog court The completion rate of cases handled needs
dockets, and to achieve this, the case to increase. In 2021, the completion rate of
completion period and clearance rate of all cases handled in the region was recorded at
courts in the region should be improved. 57.04 percent. Although there is an increased
Based on the Supreme Court report in 2021, number of courts in the region from 140 in
87 percent of the pending cases in the 1st 2018 to 152 in 2021, completion rate of cases
Judicial Region are less than five years old handled was still quite low. The completion
from filing. This suggests that 13 percent of rate of cases handled demonstrates efficiency
the pending cases are at least five years old and quality in administering justice in the
from filing. To help improve the condition of region, hence, appropriate measures must be
the 1st Judicial Region, the Department of taken to improve it.
Justice (DOJ) Region 1 should conduct
necessary activities to fast-track case Majority of the criminal complaints were
completion in the judicial dockets within resolved on a preliminary investigation.
their jurisdiction. Regarding the clearance Based on the 2021 report from DOJ-1, 99.01
rate of all courts, the 1st Judicial Region percent of the criminal complaints were
324
already resolved during the preliminary attorneys, it was insufficient to cover the
investigation. This high accomplishment increase in the number of courts; thus, there
represents the commendable efforts of the is a need to intensify the efforts in increasing
DOJ-1 in terms of receiving, processing, and the number of public attorneys to catch up
investigating criminal complaints from the with the increasing rate of new courts in the
citizens in the region. There is a need to region. It must be noted though that in 2021,
sustain or improve these best practices to the region had an increase of 8.57 percent in
guarantee that justice will prevail and all the number of courts in the region.
criminal complaints will be addressed and
resolved. Prosecution success rate improved. The
region’s prosecution success rate slightly
Higher favorable disposition rate of Public improved from 83.18 percent in 2020 to 84.10
Attorney’s Office (PAO) cases recorded. percent in 2021, which indicates that more
From 2017 to 2021, the overall rate of convictions were recorded than acquittals.
favorable disposition of the criminal, civil, Out of the four provinces in Region 1, La
and administrative cases handled by PAO in Union had the highest prosecution success
Region 1 increased from 70.07 percent to rate in 2020 and 2021, with 91.50 and 90.50,
82.96 percent. This accomplishment means respectively. Sustained improvement in the
that out of all the terminated cases handled by prosecution success rate is essential in
PAO, the majority turned out to be favorable addressing case docket congestion concerns.
to their respective clients - an indication of
the excellent service of the PAO lawyers in Settlement rate of alternative dispute
the region. Despite the hindrances brought resolution (ADR) cases needs to improve.
about by the COVID-19 pandemic, PAO Katarungang Pambarangay or the Lupon ng
Region 1 sustained its efforts in handling Tagapamayapa is mandated to administer
cases and was able to secure a high favorable ADR mechanisms to settle small and petty
disposition rate. disputes to prevent the clogging of such cases
in local courts. From 2017 to 2021, the
The public attorney-to-court ratio slightly settlement rate of ADR cases by the
improved. A slight increase in the public Katarungang Pambarangay decreased from
attorney-to-court ratio was registered from 91.30 percent to 83.10 percent. The 8.2
2018 to 2021. Region 1 had 101 public percentage point decline may be primarily
attorneys and 140 courts in 2018, resulting in due to the high volume of filed cases that
a ratio of 0.72. The figures increased to 112 cannot be settled at the barangay level.
public attorneys and 152 courts in 2021, Improving the settlement rate of ADR cases
having a ratio of 0.74. Although there has is vital in ensuring peace and order in
been an increase in the number of public barangays and preventing the influx of small
325
cases in local courts so they can focus on declined. In the reintegration of clients or
major and highly significant cases. PDL into the mainstream community, they
must undergo rehabilitation programs to
Jail facilities in the region remain help them become better citizens. During the
congested, male and female jail dorms still pre-pandemic period from 2017 to 2019,
overcrowded. A significant decrease in the there was a slight decrease in the percentage
jail congestion rate was recorded in Region 1 of clients’ participation in rehabilitation
from 2017 to 2019 with a 578 percentage programs. The figures further plunged to
points difference. The decrease was 88.28 percent in 2020, mainly due to the
attributed to the conduct of decongestion emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic,
programs and the timely construction of jail wherein travel restrictions were imposed,
and prison facilities in the region. Despite the making it challenging to conduct programs
onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and activities that will help PDL cope with the
the region sustained the decongestion efforts community outside jails. Notably in 2021, the
resulting in a regional jail congestion rate of participation of PDL in rehabilitation
50.00 percent, better than the 2019 programs increased to 97.74 percent, which
accomplishment. However, in 2021, jail may be attributed to the lifting of community
conditions worsened as reflected in the jail quarantines and the easing of travel
congestion rate which surged to 214.00 restrictions. To sustain this high
percent. The province of Pangasinan has the performance, the region should enhance the
highest congestion rate, with 365.00 percent. existing reintegration program through a
Meanwhile, the province of Ilocos Norte was whole of nation approach to encourage PDLs’
recorded to have the least congested jail participation with the private sector tapped
facilities in the region. Additionally, male and for values formation program.
female jail dorms in Dagupan City and
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan were still More PDL complied with their probation
overcrowded in 2021. This can be due to the and parole conditions. The clients’
slow disposition of cases, especially in local compliance rate with the terms of their
courts. Contributory to the slow disposition probation and parole conditions increased
of cases were the imposition of quarantines, from 98.91 percent in 2017 to 99.40 percent
community lockdowns, and travel in 2021. The increase may be due to the
restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 volunteer provision aides (VPAs) who ensure
pandemic and the low number of public the compliance of the PDL to the terms of
attorneys in the region. their respective probation and parole
conditions through close monitoring and
The participation of persons deprived of coordination. Likewise, the improvement in
liberty (PDL) in rehabilitation programs the compliance rate of PDL with their
326
probation and parole conditions signifies activities before they reintegrate into the
their willingness to undergo various society.
rehabilitation programs, training, and
Strategy Framework
In pursuit of swift and fair administration of outcomes: (a) Quality and efficiency in
justice, the plan outlines strategies aimed at disposition of cases improved, (b) Access to
improving the efficiency and accountability quality, free, or affordable legal services by
in the justice sector as sinnaranay speaks of Filipinos improved, and (c) Quality of life of
support to the victims of injustice. Therefore, PDL in improved, and Productive
Region 1 will implement various actions that reintegration of PDL in the community
will ensure the attainment of the following ensured.
Figure 14.2.1. Strategy Framework to Enhance the Administration of Justice
327
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Enhance Administration of Justice
The delivery of swift and fair justice is institutions or actors are essential approaches
imperative and critical to the realization of to provide quality and free legal services,
the Filipino dream of a stable, comfortable, timely delivery of justice, and continuous
and secure life. Enhancing the systems and protection of human rights.
mechanisms among justice sector
Outcome 1: Quality and efficiency in disposition of cases

improved
revise the judicial region’s composition by
Establish and strengthen
considering the existing administrative
coordination mechanisms to
improve sector efficiency and groupings to have an accurate situation in the
accountability region.
Coordination within the justice sector at the Support the creation of Central
local level will be strengthened through the Evidence Unit to store and
coordination with the Justice Sector handle evidence in criminal
Coordinating Council (JSCC) and the cases
creation of Justice Zones in the region.
Respective justice sector agencies will The region will support the creation of a
implement the Justice Sector Convergence Central Evidence Unit which will serve as the
Program, under the leadership of the JSCC main repository of all evidence in criminal
within the agreed strategy framework. The cases including storage of electronic
creation of a Justice Zone brings better evidence. An access link for electronic or soft
sector-wide coordination, efficient and copy evidence will be integrated into the DOJ
effective delivery of justice across Region 1. National Justice Information System (NJIS)
Dagupan City to host the first Justice Zone in to further facilitate inter-agency information
the region as it has various detention facilities exchange, specifically evidence coming from
and court branches serving a large various agencies, including from law
population center. Justice sector agencies will enforcement, prosecution, and the courts.
continue to review and improve their systems Law enforcement agencies (i.e PNP-1 and
and procedures in the context of the NBI-1) will be capacitated to handle evidence
government’s quality and performance ensuring the integrity of all items of evidence
management policies, and in compliance including clinical specimens. These
with RA 11032. The Supreme Court (SC) to procedures conform to the requirements of
328
their respective agencies, government Incentives Awards), while the DOJ Office for
regulations and standards. ADR will enhance and expand the scope of its
mediation capacity building for the Lupong
Improve human resource Tagapamayapa in coordination with the
allocation in the justice sector DILG-1. In addition to its regular functions
in the provision of legal aid services, the PAO
The region will support the improvement of
will sustain its services on mediation and
human resource allocation in the justice
conciliation of disputes. The Lupong
sector by adopting a sector-based approach
Tagapamayapa is an integral component of
and by matching the creation of courts with
Katarungang Pambarangay. The IPs are also
corresponding increase in the number of
encouraged to tap IP justice practices
prosecutors and public attorney positions.
including tongtongan to settle disputes
Efforts will be undertaken to improve the
amicably with the support of NCIP-1, DILG-
staffing structure and increase the number of
1 and DOJ. The NCMB-1 with DOLE-1 will
investigators, prosecutors, public attorneys,
strictly enforce labor laws while providing for
judges, jail and prison personnel, parole and
mediation solutions in labor disputes to
probation officers, support, and other
ensure industrial peace. Meanwhile, the
personnel, especially at the local levels.
private sector will be tapped to provide
Sectoral human resource planning will be
mediation services within their
strengthened to facilitate timely and
establishments. This will lessen the
coordinated creation of new positions
complaints and cases that will be filed
maintaining a steady stream of skilled
through government agencies with the
employees while avoiding employee
increased participation of private mediation
shortages or surpluses.
organizations.
Advance the use of Alternative

Maximize the use of digital
Dispute Resolution (ADR)
technology, and build a robust,
mechanisms at all levels
efficient, and disaster-resilient
The ADR will be strengthened at all levels. ICT architecture for the justice
Specifically, the Katarungang Pambarangay sector
will be promoted as the primary mechanism The use of ICT-enabled systems will be
of local governments for resolving expanded for investigation, prosecution, and
community-level disputes. This will help in adjudication, harmonization of procedures,
preventing the clogging of small cases in local and improvement of evidence management.
courts. The DILG-1 will expand its awards The justice sector in the region will sustain
program (i.e Lupong Tagapamayapa the implementation of the National Justice
329
Information System, with the support of the Local Social Welfare and Development
DICT-1 and in compliance with the Offices (LSWDOs), PNP-Women Children
requirements of the Data Privacy Act. The Protection Center (PNP-WCPC), Bahay Pag-
SC, PNP-1, Bureau of Jail Management and Asa (BPA) and Youth Care Facilities, and
Penology-1 (BJMP-1), Bureau of Corrections other concerned duty-bearers of Region 1 to
(BUCOR), and Bureau of Immigration and utilize the National Juvenile Justice and
Deportation (BID) will proceed with the Welfare Management Information System
development and implementation of systems (NJJWMIS). The data to be generated from
and procedures such as the e-Warrant the system is important for evidence-based
System for electronic transmittal and policy and program development for
documentation of warrants, hold departure children and in monitoring the region’s
orders, and commitment, mittimus, and/or performance in ensuring security, public
release orders. order and safety as among the priority thrusts
laid down in the RDP. The DICT-1 will
Moreover, the region enjoins all Barangay facilitate the provision of wifi sites in far-
Council for Protection of Children (BCPS), flung and GIDAs to support this initiative.
Outcome 2: Access to quality, free, or affordable legal

services by Filipinos improved
free legal services to the public, especially to
Continue to promote quality,
the marginalized and vulnerable sector. The
free or affordable access to
legal services DOJAC-1 performs legal advice, referral and
mediation services to walk-in, phone call,
Increasing access to legal aid, especially to the social media, and e-mail clients. The region
poor and the marginalized sector, ensures also supports the Expanded Justice on
speedy disposition of justice. Apart from the Wheels Program of SC especially in
regular services of the PAO, other legal aid congested jails and in GIDAs not served by a
programs will also be sustained and court branch. The NGOs engaged in legal
improved such as the implementation of the services such as the provincial chapters of the
Revised Law Student Practice Rule of the SC Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) in
by the SUCs in the region. The DOJ Action Region 1 shall be tapped to provide free legal
Center (DOJAC) in Region 1, which was the clinics as part of their corporate social
fourth DOJAC regional office launched in the responsibility.
country, will continue to provide accessible
330
Establish free legal aid public and human rights violations, including
directory and referral system gender-sensitive and child-friendly
procedures and facilities, will be improved
Referral procedures for legal assistance and
and strengthened. This includes support for
victim support will be integrated into the
updating the Victims Compensation
manuals of operations, Citizen’s Charter, and
Program by increasing the compensation of
public assistance or complaint desk
victims of unjust imprisonment and of
mechanism of the agencies concerned. CHR-
violent crimes through the amendment of
1 continues to provide free legal services to
Republic Act (RA) 7309. CHR-1 will
their clients across the region. CHR-1 and
continue providing services to improve
DICT-1 to collaborate in mapping and
access to justice and takes cognizance and
creating a database of free and available legal
investigates on its own or on complaint of
aid services per locality ensuring that all
any person, all forms of Human rights
specially among marginalized sectors such as
violations (HRVs) and abuses involving civil
women, children, PWDs, senior citizens, and
and political rights, economic, social and
indigenous peoples have immediate access to
cultural rights, and human rights concerns of
legal services. The LGUs, especially the
vulnerable sectors. Moreover, CHR-1 will
municipalities and provinces, together with
continue collaborating with concerned
PIA-1 will take the lead in this directory-
implementing agencies such as PNP-1 and
building initiative.
DSWD-1 in providing services on legal
protection and assistance including
Strengthen victim legal compensation for victims of unjust
protection and assistance imprisonment and violent crimes.
Assistance and support for victims of crimes
Outcome 3: Quality of life of PDL improved and productive

reintegration of PDL in the community ensured
of detention prisoners and convicted
Undertake construction and
offenders, and classes of vulnerable persons
repair of penal facilities to
provide humane living such as PWDs, IPs, and women. These
conditions for PDL include procedures in terms of admission,
classification, security, health, medical
More jails and prisons will be built to address treatment, visitation, transfer,
issues of facilities’ congestion in the region, transportation, and release. Authorities will
taking into account compliance with ensure that these standards are gender- and
international commitments on the treatment child-responsive for PDL and visitors. For
331
instance, a lactation or breastfeeding room crime offenders and inclusion of
must be provided to cater to the needs of the transparency and accountability
mother to feed her baby with privacy and mechanisms.
comfort, among others. The assistance of the
LGUs such as lot donations for the Maximize the use of digital
construction of jail facilities in their technology in jail management
respective areas, as stipulated in the DILG
Security facilities will be modernized to
Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 2017-40,
prevent escapes, violence, and illegal
will help in establishing humane safekeeping
activities. Acquisition and improvement of
and development of PDL. The congested jails
monitoring devices such as upgrading and
in Candon City (Ilocos Sur), Dagupan and
installation of additional closed-circuit
Urdaneta cities (Pangasinan) will be
television (CCTV) cameras for 24-hr
expanded to have a humane environment for
monitoring to end illegal drug trade and
PDL (See Chapter 2).
corruption in jails will be prioritized by
BJMP-1. The e-Dalaw facility will be
Identify classes of PDL who may
sustained and introduced in more jails and
be qualified for early release,
prisons to enable the off-site interface of PDL
and expand access to parole
and probation for certain with their families, subject to appropriate
classes of offenses security protocols. A single carpeta system
(SCS) is also supported to promote a
Non-custodial measures will be maximized, harmonized and full digitization of data for
including release on recognizance and better prison management.
community service for arrested and charged
persons, and probation, parole, and executive Institutionalize multi-
clemency for convicted persons. OPLAN disciplinary rehabilitation
Decongestion Program of BJMP-1 will be mechanisms for offenders
intensified to help inmates avail themselves
of the benefits of the applicable laws and Multi-disciplinary rehabilitation programs
other legally recognized means for their early must be established for PDL with BJMP-1
release from incarceration. The BJMP-1 will taking the lead. The BJMP-1 will also
be assisted by PAO and DOJ- Parole and maximize the sinnaranay spirit of LGUs and
Probation Administration -1 (DOJ-PPA-1). NGOs in the region by linkaging with them
With the revised IRR of RA 10592 or the to provide services to the PDL. For offenders
Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA) under probation and parole, these include
Law strict implementation will be ensured health-related activities, skills training, and
particularly on the exclusion of heinous interventions towards effective rehabilitation
332
and reformation of offenders under the Strengthen the unified referral
Correction and Rehabilitation of Penitent and monitoring system for
Offenders of the DOJ-PPA-1. Continuous former PDL
strengthening of offender rehabilitation
The DSWD-1 as a member of the community
programs such as the Therapeutic
pillar of the justice system is in close
Community Ladderized Program and
coordination with the Technical Committee
Restorative Justice of DOJ-PPA-1, and the
on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
establishment and maintenance of
regarding the implementation of the Unified
reformatory facilities such as Balay Silangan
Aftercare Monitoring/Referral System and
will encourage PDL to reintegrate and restore
Program for former PDL. One of the
their relationships with the community.
objectives of the said After Care System is to
Moreover, the private sector will be tapped
identify responsible agencies/ entities that
for the values formation program in
can provide continuous assistance and
partnership with LGUs and DILG-1.
guidance to released PDL and equip them
with life skills necessary for their survival and
Ensure livelihood and
existence. The DSWD-1 shall work with
entrepreneurial opportunities
BJMP-1 and DOJ-PPA-1 in monitoring the
for PDL and released PDL
former PDL.
Tax incentives and other non-monetary
The region supports the DSWD-1 in
incentives will be provided to employers that
providing technical guidance and assistance
will partner with correctional institutions to
based on its existing programs and services
provide livelihood capacity building, and/or
that are available for former PDL and their
accept PDL and released PDL as employees.
families in coordination with other
A MOA with agencies offering livelihood
implementing agencies. Also, the region
programs such as with the DTI-1, DOLE-1,
enjoins all LGUs in Region 1 to adopt and
DSWD-1 will be explored. The BJMP-1 will
implement the Yakap Bayan Program (YBP)
take the lead in this initiative in partnership
as an Aftercare and Social Reintegration
with the regional offices of DTI-1, DOLE-1,
Program for Recovering Persons Who Use
DSWD-1. The DOJ-PPA will continue to
Drugs (RPWUDs) that caters to victims of
promote the employment rights of parolees
drug abuse whether PDL. It will be
as well. Likewise, TESDA and SUCs in
implemented by the LGU Anti-Drug Abuse
Region 1 shall also be tapped to provide
Councils (ADACs) through a Multi-
assistance for the skilling and reskilling of the
Disciplinary Team with dedicated social
PDL and released PDL to afford them more
workers who will serve as case managers.
opportunities to be gainfully employed.
Moreover, the citizens through CSOs are also
333
enjoined to provide assistance in rehabilitation and social reintegration
coordination of BADAC, DSWD-1, BJMP-1 programs.
and DOJ-PPA-1 in the conducting
Cross-cutting Strategies
ending all forms of discrimination, violence,
Uphold human rights and the
and any harmful practices against women
rule of law and strengthen
gender mainstreaming and the and girls in the public and private spheres.
protection of vulnerable groups
The region thru RGADC-1 will continuously
Access to justice and the protection of human provide capacity-building activities and assist
rights are fundamental outcomes that need to various stakeholders in designing GAD
be guaranteed to protect and improve the training modules. The members of the
well-being of Filipinos. Thus, the region will R1GRP will be tapped to provide technical
sustain current reforms being undertaken by assistance on GAD along their lines of
the justice sector. These includes expertise. The role of CHR-1 as an
strengthening gender mainstreaming and independent constitutional body tasked to
other GAD initiatives among the justice ensure protection of human rights in the
sector agencies in support also of SDG 5 region will be respected and strengthened by
which aims to achieve gender equality by all government agencies.
Legislative Agenda
Table 14.2.1. Legislative Agenda to Enhance Administration of Justice
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Strengthening of Reassess exemptions of cases that may be brought before the Lupong DOJ, LGUs-
Katarungang Tagapamayapa, particularly with respect to residence and thresholds of Barangays and
Pambarangay criminal cases. This will help the region in preventing the influx of small cases DILG
in local courts given the relatively low case completion period in the region.
Unified Penology Unify all penal institutions under one agency, with close collaboration with Penal institutions
System courts for the disposition of detention prisoners and convicted offenders. (BuCor, BJMP,
The National Commission on Corrections and Jail Management shall be Provincial
established to carry out such a system, integrating the correctional and jail Governments, and
services currently provided by relevant agencies such as BuCor, BJMP, and DILG)
provincial governments. This will strengthen the region’s initiatives in
providing swift and fair justice for all.
334
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Unified Reintegration This creates a comprehensive and holistic program for the reintegration of DOJ, BJMP, DTI,
Strategy PDL post-incarceration, including employment opportunities in the public DOLE, DSWD, DOJ-
sector and providing incentives for the private sector that will accept PDL as PPA
employees. This will fast-track the region’s efforts in implementing
mechanisms for successful reintegration and substantially reduce the
recommitment of PDL.
Results Matrix
Table 14.2.2. Results Matrix: Enhance Administration of Justice
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS

INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Administration of Justice enhanced
Outcome 1: Quality and efficiency in the disposition of cases improved
Case completion period 87% 88% 89% 90% 91% 92% 93% SC Report SC
in judicial dockets (2021)
improved
(1st Judicial Region)
Percentage of successful 84.1 86 88 90 92 94 96 DOJ Annual DOJ

prosecution improved (2021) Report
Ilocos Norte 88.67 90 91 92 93 94 95
Ilocos Sur 81.00 83 85 87 89 91 93
La Union 90.50 91 92 93 94 95 96
Pangasinan 82.30 84 86 88 90 92 94
Completion rate of cases 57.04% 57.33% 58.01% 58.71% 59.65% 60.60% 61.57% PAO Annual PAO
handled improved (2021) Accomplishme
nt Report
Disposition rate of all 42% 44% 46% 48% 50% 52% 54% SC SC
court levels improved (2021) Annual Report
Percentage of criminal 99.01% 99.01% 99.02% 99.03% 99.04% 99.05% 99.06% DOJ Report DOJ
complaints resolved on (2021)
preliminary investigation
improved
Ilocos Norte To be Improving

collected
335
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Ilocos Sur -do- Improving
La Union -do- Improving
Pangasinan -do- Improving
Clearance rate of all courts 101% 103% 105% 107% 109% 111% 113% SC SC
improved (2021) Annual Report
Settlement rate of ADR 83.1 86 89 92 95 98 100 OADR Annual DILG/ OADR

cases by the Katarungang (2021) Reports
Pambarangay/
Lupon ng Tagapamayapa
improved
Ilocos Norte To be Improving

collected
Outcome 2: Access to quality, free, or affordable legal services by Filipinos improved
Public Attorney-to-Court To be Improving DOJ-PAO DOJ-PAO

Ratio improved collected Annual Report
Ilocos Norte -do- Improving
Prosecutor-to-court To be Improving DOJ Plantilla DOJ

percentage ratio improved collected report
Ilocos Norte -do- Improving
Number of justice zones To be - - - - - 1 JSCC JSCC

established increased collected
336
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Outcome 3: Quality of life of PDL improved and Productive re-integration of PDL in the community ensured
Congestion Rate in Jail 214.00 Ongoing data validation by BJMP BJMP Database BJMP
Facilities reduced (2021)
Ilocos Norte -36.00 0.00
Ilocos Sur 188.00 159.00 130.00 101.00 72.00 43.00 14.00
La Union 140.00 106.00 72.00 38.00 4.00 0.00 0.00
Pangasinan 365.00 317.00 269.00 221.00 173.00 125.00 77.00
Alaminos City 0.00 0.00
Batac City -24.00 0.00
Candon City 243.00 200.00 157.00 114.00 71.00 28.00 0.00
Dagupan City Jail Male 433.00 383.00 333.00 283.00 233.00 183.00 133.00
Dorm
Dagupan City Jail Female 256.00 217.00 178.00 139.00 100.00 61.00 22.00
Dorm
Laoag City Jail 8.00 0.00
San Carlos City Jail -39.00 0.00
San Fernando City Jail -72.00 0.00
Urdaneta City Jail Male 482.00 432.00 382.00 332.00 282.00 232.00 182.00
Dorm
Urdaneta City Jail Female 76.00 61.00 46.00 31.00 16.00 1.00 0.00
Dorm
Vigan City Jail 11.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 1.00 0.00
Percent of clients’ 97.74 100 DOJ-PPA DOJ-PPA

participating in the (2021) Database
rehabilitation program
improved
Ilocos Norte 97.84 100
Ilocos Sur 98.12 100
La Union 99.61 100
Pangasinan 96.78 100
337
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Percent of clients’ 99.40 100 DOJ-PPA DOJ-PPA

compliance to the terms of (2021) Database
their probation and/
or parole conditions
improved
Ilocos Norte 99.16 100
Ilocos Sur 99.43 100
La Union 99.00 100
Pangasinan 99.63 100
338
Practice Good Governanee
and Improve Bureaucratic
1
and Regulatory Efficien6�
CHAPTER 15
Practice Good Governance and

Improve Bureaucratic and
Regulatory Efficiency
Achieving a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society through economic transformation requires the
practice of open, efficient, and accountable governance. Transparent, responsible, and effective
institutions to enable excellent delivery of public services and generate high public trust are crucial in
achieving a responsive, clean, and efficient government. Good governance principles promote a culture
of informing, engaging, and empowering citizens. It also stimulates the strengthening of monitoring
and enforcement of mechanisms for public accountability through streamlining of policies, processes,
and procedures, while ensuring interoperability as we shift towards e-Governance.

Significant strides were made in improving efficiency and promoting good governance
efficiency, responsiveness, and transparency should be continuously pursued and
in the government over the years. These strengthened in the next six years.
include the implementation of the Seal of
Good Local Governance (SGLG) program CSOs are represented in the Local
including the Seal of Good Financial Development Councils (LDCs). The LGUs
Housekeeping (SGFH) spearheaded by required the participation of CSOs in their
DILG. Continuous efforts were also done to LDCs. Moreover, all LGUs in the region
ensure 100 percent compliance with the full accredited their CSOs and selected
disclosure policy (FDP) such as the representatives to their local special bodies in
development of the FDP Portal v.2. compliance with the DILG’s Memorandum
Moreover, the representation of CSOs and Circular 2022-083. This brings forth the
IPs to different development committees recognition of the national government
were supported thru issuance of through the DILG the importance of
memorandum circulars and provision of engaging civil society and non-government
additional funds. However, declines in the organizations in the development process.
accomplishment of some performance
Representation of IPs in Region 1 expanded
indicators were recorded during the
between 2017 and 2021 but suffered a
pandemic due to the imposition of
decline in 2019 and 2020 due to the
lockdowns which in turn minimized citizens’
pandemic. The number of LGUs in the
movement. Thus, efforts in improving
Chapter 15: Practice Good Governance & Improve Bureaucratic Efficiency

343
region with IP Mandatory Representative for dialogues in Region 1. The DILG-1
(IPMR) increased by 4.8 percentage points conducted barangay assemblies in all 3,267
from 65.20 percent in 2017 to 70.00 percent barangays in the region including the annual
in 2021. Among the provinces, La Union and Dagyaw town hall meeting. These venues
Pangasinan have the most number of IP provided the platform for the citizens to
representatives in 2021 with 95.45 percent participate in governance and facilitate
and 90.48 percent, respectively. The increase conversations with the government.
can be attributed to the additional funds
allotted for the salary of the IP The percentage of LGUs conferred with
representatives. Meanwhile, the percentage SGLG remained low over the years. The
of LGUs with IPMR in 2019 and 2020 region was far behind its target in terms of the
decreased. This can be due to the imposition percentage of LGUs conferred with the award
of minimum health protocols and lockdowns from 2017 (45.00 percent) to 2021 (41.86
in most of the LGUs limiting the movement percent). Some of the reasons provided by the
of people to travel and comply with the LGUs are the difficulty to comply with the
requirements to be an IP representative. With criteria compounded by the constant changes
the need to ensure that marginalized groups in the performance criteria and the numerous
are considered during the development activities undertaken by the LGUs. At the
planning, monitoring, and evaluation, and barangay level, DILG-1 completed the
with the continued easing of travel assessment of 125 barangays, representing all
restrictions, LGUs should ensure 100 percent LGUs in the region in preparation for the
participation of IP representatives in the SGLG for Barangays. With the continuing
LDCs and other advisory councils. improvements of the SGLG systems, the
LGUs must be given some moratorium to
All LGUs in Region 1 were compliant with prepare for the major changes in the
FDP. All LGUs, even the barangays were performance criteria before its
compliant with updating their portal and implementation.
displaying their FDP requirements in
conspicuous places. The DILG-1 facilitated The region recorded high accomplishment
the development of the FDP Portal v.2 as an in terms of percentage of LGUs conferred
online platform for the LGUs to post their with SGFH. With the continuous
FDP requirements while the public can view, information and dissemination campaign of
download, and print LGU financial DILG-1 and their relentless effort in
documents. reminding LGUs to liquidate their assets and
liabilities, the region sustained its high
Assemblies and town hall meetings were accomplishment on SGFH. The provinces of
conducted to provide a safe and open space Ilocos Norte, La Union, and Pangasinan

344
garnered 100 percent accomplishment with requirement of NCCA on the submission of
all its respective LGUs conferred with the seal LCIs increased by 71.48 percentage points,
in 2021, while in Ilocos Sur, 97 percent of the from 11.60 percent in 2018 to 83.08 percent
LGUs received the award. Hence, there is a in 2019. The significant increase was
need to maintain the full compliance of LGUs attributed to the inclusion of cultural
in conformance with the SGFH. property inventory as one of the criteria
Additionally, the DILG shall continue to under “Tourism, Heritage Development,
provide advocacy campaigns and IEC Culture, and Arts” which is part of the
materials regarding the Freedom of Republic Act (RA) No. 11092 otherwise
Information Bill and ensure the compliance known as “An Act Establishing and
of LGUs to the FDP in consonance with the Institutionalizing the SGLG Fund” or the
Commission on Audit’s (COA) accounting SGLG Law. However, the compliance rate
and auditing standards. decreased in 2020 because of the pandemic
but eventually bounced back in 2021. This
The number of government employees in was because of the opening of travel to
the region increased from 2017 to 2021. various LGUs and the intensified and
This can be attributed to the increase in strengthened implementation of DILG-
population-based personnel like teachers and NCCA Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC)
policemen and to the LGUs as a result of the 2021-001 or the “Amended Guidelines on the
devolution of certain functions and services Standardized Submission of Local Cultural
of national government agencies. Although Inventory under the Philippine Registry of
the trend in the number of government Cultural Property for the Issuance of
employees is increasing, this needs to be Certificate of Compliance to Local
sustained in support of the right-sizing of Government Units” as well as the close
government institutions as well as the coordination of NCCA to various LGUs to
planned rationalization of the bureaucracy. establish and maintain a Local Cultural
Registry. The challenge now for NCCA is to
The pandemic affected the local cultural
ensure the full implementation of DILG-
inventories (LCI) of the LGUs. The
NCCA JMC and its information
compliance rate of LGUs with the
dissemination.

345
Strategy Framework
The following strategies highlight the accountability and integrity bolstered, (c)
strategic pursuit of a more responsive, clean, Government functions, systems, and
and efficient governance that enables mechanism rationalized and strengthened,
sinnaranay with the following specific sub- (d) Burden of regulation reduced, and (e)
chapter outcomes: (a) Participatory Competent, motivated, agile, and resilient
governance deepened, (b) Public public servants supported.
Figure 15.1. Strategy Framework to Practice Good Governance and Improve Bureaucratic Efficiency
Strategies
Chapter Outcome: Practice Good Governance and Improve
Bureaucratic and Regulatory Efficiency
The plan espouses responsive, clean, and government intends to create a culture-
efficient governance as its major sensitive, gender-responsive, and conducive
developmental strategy to attain sustainable social, economic, and political environment
socio-economic development. To gain that enables the people to enjoy the benefits
people’s trust and confidence, the of development by engaging them in the

346
decision-making process, and transforming
the bureaucracy to further improve public
service delivery.
Outcome 1: Participatory governance deepened

of the RDC-1. The Regional Project
Ensure sufficient and functional
Monitoring Committee (RPMC)-1 also
participatory spaces
includes the PSRs as members of the
Adequate and genuine representation of Committee that monitor, evaluate and
women and civil society in local development formulate recommendations on the
councils and other advisory bodies will be implementation of development plans and
ensured. The DILG-1 will continue to programs in the region.
conduct barangay assemblies and the
Dagyaw to provide a platform for the citizens Broaden public access to
and a safe and open space for discussions and information
conversations. Advocacy efforts for IPRA
among the LGUs will be intensified in Comprehensive, timely, and relevant
coordination with NCIP-1 to further government information enables citizens to
understand the rights of IPs in local make informed decisions and then
legislative councils. Similarly, existing collaborate, and engage with public officials
participatory governance initiatives at the in enhancing public policies. The following
local levels must be maintained through initiatives will be pursued: (a) sustaining
genuine representation from the basic and existing transparency initiatives such as FOI,
marginalized sectors, women, rural or urban FDP, Transparency Seal, citizen’s charters;
poor organizations, and community-based and (b) providing information and
groups. Further advocacy will be conducted communications technology (ICT)
to encourage more CSO to apply for infrastructure for internet access to provide
accreditation. Meanwhile, the Regional timely and reliable information to the general
Development Budget Coordination public (See Chapter 13). The DILG-1 shall
Committee 1 (RDBCC-1) ensures the maintain its FDP Portal v.2 to help the LGUs
participation of the RDC-1 Private Sector to comply with the DILG’s MC No. 2010-83.
Representatives (PSR) and the RGADC-1 in The PIA-1 as the development
the review of the budget proposals of the communication arm of the government in
concerned RLAs, SUCs, and Government the region will lead in ensuring that
Owned and Controlled Corporations government priorities, programs, and
(GOCC) through the sectoral committees policies are communicated to the grassroots.

347
Improve the quality of special bodies. These organizations will voice
participation out their respective sector issues and work
together to address these concerns. The
In support of the DILG’s MC 2022-083, the
NCIP-1, in partnership with local IPs,
region enjoins the local chief executives,
commit to ensure implementation of the
DILG-1 local government operations
policy on the IP Mandated representation in
officers, and allied officials to help in the
local legislative and policy-making bodies by
establishment of Local CSO Networks and
providing guidelines and opening up more
capacitate their accredited CSOs. These local
platforms to receive feedback, and facilitate
CSO networks will provide an interface for
reporting of current IP sector situation and
the geographic PSRs of RDC-1 to gather the
government response to issues raised
concerns of other CSOs in their area and
concerning the IP sector.
bring them to the attention of the RDC-1, at
the same time the local CSO Network will be
Increase inclusivity and
an avenue for the geographic PSRs to
accessibility of elections
mobilize other local CSOs to contribute to
regional development efforts of the Council. Spearheaded by the Commission on
Along with the establishment of the local Elections (COMELEC)-1, the region will
CSO network is the need to capacitate support the political and electoral reforms to
accredited CSOs in order to empower them integrate new election protocols such as, but
to articulate their needs as they participate in not limited to, automation and online system
the decision-making process, program of voter registration, digitization of voters’
planning, implementation, and monitoring list, enhancement of voting measures for
at the local level. Moreover, the existing senior citizens and persons with disabilities,
guidelines of other agencies on CSO and establishment of additional polling
accreditation will also be harmonized. The places for indigenous groups. Rules and
selection process and criteria for CSO regulations on party-list development, anti-
members will be upgraded to ensure quality, political dynasty, and campaign financing
unbiased, and fair representation in local will also be pursued.

348
Outcome 2: Public accountability and integrity bolstered
Worth (SALN) will be continued and
Enhance public feedback loops
monitored. All the while, the COA-1 will
and intensify transparency in
public spending exercise its mandate in properly auditing the
public coffers.
The region will utilize other platforms to
reach a wider audience and engage citizens to Strengthen implementation and
generate more feedback on the quality of monitoring of anti-corruption
government services and to intensify laws and programs
transparency in public spending. These
platforms include social media, text Anti-corruption laws will be fully enforced,
messaging, call centers, and mobile apps, especially with the enactment of the Ease of
which will be institutionalized at the local Doing Business (EODB) and Efficient
level, as much as possible as public budget Government Service Delivery (EGSD) Act
documents will be publicly available and that penalizes civil servants found guilty of
uploaded in agency websites. The FDP Portal bribery. The RLAs and LGUs in the region
v.2 of the DILG shall continue to be the main will fully comply with ARTA Memorandum
online platform for transparent public Circular No. 2020-07 on the designation of a
spending of the LGUs in Region 1. Committee on Anti-Red Tape (CART)
Crowdsourcing will be explored as another within their respective offices. The region
form of public consultation, while continues to pursue strict enforcement and
collaboration with non-government sectors monitoring of anti-corruption laws and
will be facilitated. Mechanisms will be policies, such as the Anti-Graft and Corrupt
improved and simplified to ensure that the Practices Act, Government Procurement
feedback loop is closed which means citizens Reform Act, the Code of Conduct and Ethical
who submit complaints must be given real- Standards for Public Officials and Employees
time updates on their issues to show that their and the Anti-Money Laundering Act with the
concerns matter. The region through the CSC-1 taking the lead. It also includes
RPMC-1 continues to monitor and provide continuing implementation of the Bantay
progress reports including financial Korapsyon Program and Integrity
accomplishment of enrolled PPAs in the Management Program (IMP) as a preventive
Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation anti-corruption measure to build, improve,
System (RPMES).The Philippine reinforce and sustain a culture of integrity in
Government Electronic Procurement System the public sector that is rooted in standards of
(PhilGEPS) postings and submission of good governance. Existing transparency
Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net initiatives (FDP, Transparency Seal, Citizen’s

349
Charter) will also be supported and of Region 1 LGUs conferred with SGLG and
strengthened. SCFLG (See Subchapter 6.2), a convergence
program focusing on streamlining and
Improve governance merging criteria of SCFLG and SGFH in the
assessments SGLG will be explored. This will be
spearheaded by the DILG-1 through the
The ARTA Report Card Survey (RCS) 2.0 will
Governance Sector Committee of the RDC-1.
allow the identification of priority areas for
The region also supports the continuous
service improvement, comparison,
provision of technical assistance to LGUs by
benchmarking across agencies, and
DILG-1 and concerned national line agencies
recognizing best practices for replication.
for their identified weak areas. Meanwhile,
The CSC-1 will provide a regular
the region through the DTI will ensure the
presentation of the results of the RCS 2.0 in
effective implementation of the CMCI as one
the Governance Sector to identify agencies
of the governance assessment tools (See
and LGUs that need further capacitation and
Chapter 11). The successful implementation
also appreciate government entities that
of the survey is vital in terms of addressing
manifested good performances along with
the issues of governance as government
their Key Result Areas (KRAs). Furthermore,
efficiency, one of the pillars of the CMCI,
the region will intensify the advocacy of
refers to the quality and reliability of
SGLG as a progressive assessment system
government services and government
that gives distinction to remarkable local
support for effective and sustainable
government performance across several
productive expansion. This factor looks at the
areas, and highlights integrity and good
government as an institution that is generally
performance to institutionalize local
not corrupt, able to protect and enforce
governance reforms in the continuing
contracts, apply moderate and reasonable
pursuit of meaningful local autonomy and
taxation, and be able to regulate proactively1.
development. To address the low percentage

350
Outcome 3: Government functions, systems, and
mechanisms rationalized and strengthened
Support the rightsizing and Accelerate digital

whole-of-government transformation in government
approach in reengineering
systems and procedure Digitalization will entail electronic and
paperless systems, zero-contact policies,
Transform the bureaucracy to improve online transactions, and new channels for
public service delivery by focusing on the service delivery. The concerned agencies in
performance of vital and core functions of the region will invest in ICT to enable remote
agencies, and simplifying their systems and government operations and to strengthen
processes. In addition, the LGUs will utilize and harmonize existing online platforms.
CBMS data for seamless and targeted Aside from preparing the necessary ICT
distribution of social protection assistance infrastructure (See Chapter 13), the DICT-1
and other public services. All government will also fast-track the implementation of its
offices and LGUs will regularly undertake Digital Government Program to develop key
cost compliance analysis, undergo evaluation solutions for RLAs and the LGUs in the
and improvement of their transaction region that will enable them to remotely
systems and procedures and re-engineer the perform their mandates and implement their
same if deemed necessary to reduce programs, projects, and activities. The DICT-
processing time for the transacting public. 1 will continue to provide digital skills
The CSC-1 and DILG-1 will include in their capacity development of public servants to
list of capacity-building activities the session support the fast-tracking of digitization of
on whole-of-government reengineering government services and transactions.
guidelines and manual. The DILG-1 will DICT-1 to collaborate with ICT councils
further boost the LGUs’ capacity amid the across the regions as these serve as the venue
transition to full devolution. This includes for collaboration and sharing of best practices
further harmonization of activities among along ICT including e-Governance.
the concerned national, regional line Furthermore, the region through the RDC-1
agencies, DILG-1 and LGUs on the transition continues to address the increasing demand
of PPAs. for internet access of different stakeholders
through the identification and endorsement
of additional free wifi sites in Region 1
located strategically in GIDAS and the
protected areas. The coordination among
government agencies, the LGUs, private

351
sector, and civil society will be enhanced by performance incentives more explicit. The
automating systems and linking government criteria and conditions of the performance-
services. The PhilSys will also be integrated based bonus (PBB) will complement the
with the CBMS to harmonize LGU data and desired reforms such as digitization,
further streamline administrative processes contactless transactions, and productivity
as well as facilitate more efficient provision of increase, and the achievement of desired
key services (e.g., pension, conditional cash sectoral, and societal outcomes, and results
transfer, farmer assistance, health coverage, that are relevant to ordinary citizens. In
among others). particular, the possibility of delinking the
RBPMS from the PBB will be explored.
Raise the productivity Organizational rewards such as capital
performance of agencies investments will be granted rather than
individual incentives to encourage agency-
Strengthen results-based performance
wide collaboration. Further, information on
management. The Results-Based
the rationale of the PBB as a reform measure
Performance Management System (RBPMS)
to improve performance and productivity
will be intensified by refining performance
both at individual and organizational levels
measurements, strengthening monitoring
will be cascaded. The DBM-1 will shepherd
and evaluation (M&E) systems of
the linkaging of RBPMS of agencies to the
performance targets, and making the link to
PBB.
Outcome 4: Burden of regulation reduced

streamline and delineate their processes to
Expedite efforts to automate
increase the attractiveness of the region to
and streamline processes of
business registration, renewal, potential investors and further improve the
closure, and pivot business environment in the region. The
LGUs are encouraged to set up an electronic
Expedite implementation of the EODB and Business One-Stop Shop (eBOSS) to give
EGSD Act. Implementation of the law must convenience to business owners in
cover the: (a) issuance and extension of processing their permits and clearances, and
validity of permits and licenses; (b) reduction install Integrated Business Permits and
in the number of signatories and Licensing System (iBPLS), a software that
requirements; and (c) use of online filing and enables LGUs and the citizens to
payment platforms of government agencies. electronically apply and process building and
Agencies with mandates on issuing business occupancy permits. The DILG-1 shall
licenses, clearances, and other permits will continuously exercise its mandate of

352
monitoring the LGU compliance to the said employed by the government as a whole to
act while providing technical assistance and pursue and maintain good quality regulation
linkaging to LGUs migrating to the online across the country. The region will adopt the
systems. This will also support the PSA’s NPRMS to ensure that all proposed and
initiatives to institutionalize the Provincial existing regulations are rational, fit-for-
Product Accounts to gauge the economic purpose, and do not add undue regulatory
growth at the sub-national level. burden and cost to stakeholders. This
endeavor will provide the government
Eliminate redundant, duplicate, agencies and LGUs in the region sufficient
and overlapping regulations guidance to develop, implement and monitor
policies and procedures as well as values and
In support of the whole-of-government
service standards expected of government
approach in reengineering systems and
agencies on activities necessary to regulatory
procedures, interagency review and
rule-making and delivery. Through this
harmonization of permitting and licensing
management system, the proposed
regulations and issuances will be conducted
regulations of government agencies will
to eliminate redundant and undue regulatory
undergo regulatory impact assessment to
burdens to the transacting public2. The
establish if the proposed regulation does not
region also supports the implementation of
add undue regulatory burden and cost to
ARTA RCS 2.0 to measure the effectiveness
these agencies and the applicants or
of the agencies’ and LGUs’ Citizen’s Charter
requesting parties. When necessary, any
in reducing regulatory burdens and assessing
proposed regulation may undergo pilot
the impact of human resources systems and
implementation to assess regulatory impact.
programs in delivering public service.
These initiatives will also be subjected to the
review of the TWG of the concerned Sectoral
Implement the National Policy Committees of the RDC-1. The DILG-1 will
on Regulatory Management strengthen the capacity of the LGUs in
System (NPRMS) implementing the system and monitor the
The National Policy on Regulatory performance of the LGUs in providing public
Management System (NPRMS) is a set of service.
policies, institutions, processes, and tools

353
Outcome 5: Competent, motivated, agile, and resilient public
servants supported
Proficiency Program under the Career
Guarantee complete and
Executive Service Board (CESB). The CSC-1
capable human resources in
government will sustain the Service Values Program to
ensure values inculcation among public
Capacity-building interventions and infusion servants across different levels. In its effort to
of technology in human resource (HR) increase government efforts for the
management will enable smart and resilient promotion of values that fosters the common
public sector organizations as well as develop good, the RDC-1 enjoins the RLAs, GOCCs,
and sustain a corps of smart and future-ready LGUs and SUCs in Region 1 to intensify the
public servants. The region pursues implementation of the Values Reinforcement
strengthening competencies for innovation, Program. Occupational safety and
anticipatory planning, risk management, and emergency response standards in the
emergency response. Concerned regional government will be enforced to keep the
line agencies, DILG-1 and LGUs will ensure workforce intact, productive, and motivated.
timely implementation of the interventions The region will also strengthen the Equal
to cope with their new roles and challenges. Employment Opportunity Principle (EEOP)
This includes responding to the human in all areas of human resource, particularly its
resource capacity needs of the LGUs in the core systems on Recruitment, Selection, and
Devolution Transition Plans (DTPs), and Placement (RSP); Learning and
prioritizing capacity development areas Development (L&D); Performance
identified by RLAs affected by the full Management (PM); and Rewards and
devolution transition. Comprehensive and Recognition (R&R).
multimodal learning opportunities will be
provided for public managers, high-level Promote conducive working
officials, and local chief executives through environments
Career Executive Service Development
Program for government, such as the Public Alternative or flexible work arrangements
Management Development Program, the will be institutionalized, with appropriate
Leadership Certification for Middle control and performance management
Managers, and the Public Financial mechanisms. Adequate resources and other
Management Competency Programs. support mechanisms will also be provided to
ensure the viability of these work
Third-level officials will be encouraged to arrangements. This likewise applies to intra-
complete the Leadership and Management agency documentary requirements of offices.

354
Creating a conducive working environment with the DPWH-1. Processes to procure land
necessitates a culture of service for the and construction services to repair or replace
common good and sinnaranay spirit, an government buildings deemed unsafe must
Ilokano term that means prioritizing those be commenced immediately. Government
who are in need as enabled by one’s available agencies will continue to work with LGUs to
resources. establish a government center wherein these
Conducive working environment involves offices are in a single, walkable building
upgrading government offices for them to be complex and within. The location must be
safe for the government employees and the cleared from high flooding and landslide
public they serve. Also, additional offices of risks, and is served with a reliable public
frontline agencies shall be built near the transport network of buses and jeepneys.
clients they serve. The LGUs and key Hence, the government is expected to
government agencies will also conduct an in- continuously serve the people with
depth review of the structural integrity of all convenience even at times of major natural
existing government buildings in the region upheavals. (See Chapters 2 and 13).
Legislative Agenda
Table 15.1. Legislative Agenda to Practice Good Governance and Improve Bureaucratic Efficiency
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Recognition of This will ensure that IP Mandatory Representatives are recognized in local NCIP
Indigenous People (IP) legislative bodies and their capabilities for local legislation are harnessed for
Mandatory more effective representation and promotion of IP rights through
Representatives policymaking.
Creation of Human The bill seeks to establish HRM Offices and mandate regular (plantilla) HRM DILG
Resource and officers in LGUs to develop competent and credible employees at the local
Management (HRM) level. It amends the Local Government Code’s optional designation of such
Offices in local local officers. The bill is also vital as LGUs with their devolved functions and
government units numerous compliance activities will require staff capable of performing a
(LGUs) task or job effectively for excellent public service.
E-Governance Bill Promote the use of ICT in improving government service delivery such as the DICT, and all
establishment of an integrated, and interconnected information and government
resource-sharing and communications network spanning the entirety of the entities
national and local government.
This will fast-track the region's various initiatives on digitization of

government processes and reports including advocacy on digital financial
services. This permits the establishment of unified internal records and

355
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
interrelated management information and database systems, and digital

portals for seamless delivery of public services including digitization of
paper-based reports.
Results Matrix
Table 15.2. Results Matrix: Practice Good Governance and Improve Bureaucratic Efficiency
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS

INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Chapter Outcome: Good Governance Practiced and Bureaucratic and Regulatory Efficiency Improved
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Participatory governance deepened

Percentage of Provinces/ To be Increasing DILG Report DILG
Cities/Municipalities compliant collected
with Local Development Council
functionality standards
increased
Percentage of Local 70.00 75 81 87 92 100 100 NCIP NCIP
Government Units (LGUs) with (2021) Database
Indigenous Peoples Mandatory
Representative (IPMR)
increased
Ilocos Norte 48.65 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ilocos Sur 58.42 60 70 80 90 100 100
La Union 95.45 97 99 100 100 100 100
Pangasinan 90.48 92 94 96 98 100 100
Percentage of LGUs with 29.46 38 53 70 85 100 100 NCCA NCCA

submitted Local Cultural (2021) Database
Inventories (LCIs) increased
Ilocos Norte 8.33 10 28 46 64 82 100
Ilocos Sur 17.14 20 40 60 80 100 100
La Union 76.19 80 90 100 100 100 100
Pangasinan 28.59 30 40 60 80 100 100

Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Public accountability and integrity bolstered
Percentage of LGUs with SGLG 41.86 54.61 58.82 63.04 67.25 71.47 75.68 DILG DILG
increased (2021) Annual Reports

collected

collected
collected

356
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
collected
Percentage of LGUs with SGFH 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 DILG DILG
increased/sustained (2021) Annual Reports
Ilocos Norte 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Ilocos Sur 97 100 100 100 100 100 100
La Union 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Pangasinan 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Percentage of LGUs complying 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
to the Full Disclosure Policy (2021)
sustained
Ilocos Norte 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Ilocos Sur 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
La Union 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Pangasinan 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Sub-Chapter Outcome 3: Government functions, systems, and mechanisms rationalized and strengthened
Number of government To be Increasing DICT reports DICT

agencies/offices collected
onboarded and
contributing to the
Open Data Philippines
Portal increased

collected

collected
collected
collected
Sub-Chapter Outcome 4: Burden of regulation reduced

Number of LGUs with To be Increasing DILG DILG
established iBPLS or adopted collected Annual Reports
electronic Business One-Stop-
Shop (eBoss) increased
collected
collected
collected
collected

357
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Number of LGUs that have To be Increasing DILG DILG

adopted Building Permit and collected Annual Reports
Certificate of Occupancy
(BPCO) system for processing
construction-related permits
increased
collected
collected
collected
collected
Percentage of government Region 1 Increasing RSC Report ARTA/ CSC

entities by type (RLAs, LGUs, not
GOCCs) with Very Satisfactory yet
Rating in the ARTA Report Card covered in
Survey (RCS) 2.0 increased the
pilot
implemen
tation of
RCS 2.0 in
Septembe
r 2022
Ilocos Norte Increasing
Ilocos Sur Increasing
La Union Increasing
Pangasinan Increasing
Sub-Chapter Outcome 5: Competent, motivated, agile, and resilient public servants supported
Number of Government 91,010 Increasing CSC CSC

Employees increased (2021) Database
Ilocos Norte 10,761 Increasing
Ilocos Sur 10,959 Increasing
La Union 21,708 Increasing
Pangasinan 47,582 Increasing

358
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS
INDICATORS
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
by Tenure Classification and CSC CSC

Position Level Database
Number of Employed Males in

Public Institutions increased
Career (Exclusive of 3rd Level) 31,230 Increasing

(2021)
Non-Career 6,888 Increasing

(2021)
Number of Employed Females

in Public Institutions increased
Career (Exclusive of 3rd Level) 48,397 Increasing

(2021)
Non-Career 4,495 Increasing

(2021)
Number of Employed PWDs in

Public Institutions increased, by
sex
Male 198 Increasing

(2021)
Female 151 Increasing

(2021)
Number of Employed IPs in

Public Institutions increased, by
sex
Male 811 Increasing

(2021)

(2021)
Number of RLAs with Flexible To be Increasing CSC CSC

Working Arrangements collected Database
increased
1
Department of Trade and Industry. n.d. Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index Indicators. https://cmci.dti.gov.ph/about-
indicators.php
2
The Anti-Red Tape Authority (ARTA) Memorandum Circular No. 2021-09 released on 25 June 2021 details the issuance of the Whole-of-
Government Reengineering Manual. See the full Memorandum Circular here https://arta.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2021/11/Memorandum-Circular-No.-2021-09-Issuance-of-WOG-Reengineering-Manual.pdf

359
1
6
Accelerat
eClimat
eAct ion
andSt r
engthenDisast
er
Resi
li
ence
CHAPTER 16
Accelerate Climate Action and

Strengthen Disaster Resilience
Region 1 focuses on strengthening disaster resiliency which would require accelerating climate actions
at the local level. By 2028, Region 1 is more adaptive and resilient to natural hazards and climate
change. This will be done through risk-informed system-based approaches and decision-making. The
government will work with the private sector in the rehabilitation and protection of the environment
and in harnessing the natural endowments of the region to advance low-carbon development and
optimize their contribution to livelihood and employment generation. Over the years, Region 1 is not
spared by challenges brought by disasters and setbacks. Amidst the challenges, however, the region
will continue to be resilient and steadfast. Various stakeholders will continue to commit, collaborate
and work together towards a strong region in spite of shocks and disasters.

Majority of LGUs have formulated their Union Chapter utilized the LISTO guidelines
Local DRRM Plans; however, updating of DILG and established partnerships with
their plans is essential. To reduce damages the key DRR agencies for this
brought about by natural disasters at the local project. Although most LGUs have Local
level, there is a need to create and implement DRRM Plans, updating the plans is necessary,
Local DRRM Plans. In 2021, 80.62 percent of given the upward trend in the number of
LGUs in Region 1 formulated their Local people affected by natural disasters in the
DRRM Plans in compliance with Republic region. Region 1 through the RDRRMC has
Act (RA) 10121. This accomplishment was institutionalized the Sendai Framework in
14.73 percentage points higher than the 65.89 the updated Regional DRRM Plan 2022 –
percent accomplishment in 2017. All 2027 to enhance the resiliency of the
provinces had been recipients of the German region. The enhanced Local DRRM Plans of
Federation Ministry for Economic the LGUs shall address the causes
Cooperation and Development’s contributing to the increased rate of people
Empowering Philippine Institutions and impacted by natural disasters and shall also
Communities in DRRM Project through the be aligned to the updated Region 1 DRRM
local chapters of the Philippine Red Cross Plan formulated in 2022.
(PRC)1. One of the major accomplishments
of the project, particularly in La Union, is the Majority of the LGUs have yet to formulate
formulation of the Barangay DRRM Plan for their DRR-CCA enhanced CLUPs. An
the community beneficiaries. The PRC - La upward trend in the percentage of LGUs with
Chapter 16: Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience

Regional Development Plan 2023-2028
363
CLUP was recorded from 2017 to 2021, There is a need to improve disaster
resulting in the formulation of DRR-CCA preparedness in the region. From 2017 to
enhanced CLUPs of 48.80 percent of the 2021, the region recorded an increase in the
LGUs in Region 1. Contributory to the rate of missing persons attributed to natural
accomplishment were the provinces of La hazards. In 2017 however, there were no
Union and Pangasinan, wherein 65 percent reported missing persons. Nevertheless, the
and 56.25 percent of their LGUs already have figures rose to a rate of 0.19 in 2021 due to
DRR-CCA enhanced CLUP, respectively. Typhoon Maring. Likewise, the rate of
However, despite the increasing trend, the affected population by natural hazards took
majority of the LGUs have yet to improve an upward turn in 2018 with 86,435.91 which
their plans. In terms of the PDPFP, was attributed to Typhoon Ompong.
Pangasinan has updated its PDPFP while Regarding the rate of injuries attributed to
Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and La Union are in natural hazards, there were no reported cases
the various stages of updating. in 2017, 2020, and 2021. However, the rate of
injuries attributed to natural hazards in 2018
There is a need to subject the plans to was recorded to be 0.019 per one hundred
HGDG. Although the majority of the LGUs thousand population, and it rose to 0.037 in
in Region 1 have their Local DRRM Plans and 2019. Additionally, the death rate attributed
CLUPs, these plans were not yet subjected to to natural disasters increased from 0 in 2017
the HGDG. These plans should undergo the to 0.51 in 2021. Major effects of natural
HGDG evaluation to contribute to the disasters on human lives were evident in 2018
mainstreaming of gender and development and 2021, with the recorded death rate of 0.23
(GAD) in the region, incorporate significant and 0.51, respectively. In the 7.0 Magnitude
GAD-related information, and generally Abra Earthquake, the entire region was
make the plans GAD-responsive. affected with the province of Ilocos Sur
sustaining the highest damages. Despite this,
More provinces have early warning
there was only one recorded death of a male
systems. The presence of mechanisms such
senior citizen in Ilocos Sur. Also, there were
as early warning systems (EWS) is key to
four communities recommended to be
strengthening disaster resilience and the
relocated due to the high susceptibility of the
adaptive capacities of the community. Region
areas to landslides. In terms of the total value
1 has taken necessary measures to strengthen
of infrastructure damages attributable to
further disaster resilience, evident in the
natural hazards, an increasing trend was
increased percentage of LGUs with EWS
recorded from 2017 to 2019. The PhP 356.12
from 93.02 percent in 2017 to 98.45 percent
billion worth of infrastructural damages in
in 2019. Concerned entities shall sustain
2017 increased by 560.84 percent in 2019 due
information dissemination activities on the
to Typhoon Ineng, consistent with the
importance of EWS for the whole region to
increase in the region’s rate of injuries
have EWS.
attributed to natural hazards. Ilocos Norte

364
suffered the majority of damages in 2019. to be optimized. Having additional RE power
Moreover, the figures decreased by 99.77 plants will be key in increasing the region’s
percent in 2020 because less severe typhoons actual renewable energy production.
hit the region in that year. However, the total
value of infrastructural damages attributable Forest area as a proportion of total land
to natural hazards took an upward turn again area slightly increased. In 2021, a 1.87
in 2021 due to Typhoon Maring, which percentage points increase in the proportion
likewise increased the rate of the affected of forest area to the total land area
population in the region to 19,457.63. In corresponding to was recorded. From 2017 to
2021, Ilocos Sur experienced most of the 2020, the forest area to total land area
infrastructure damages attributable to proportion was 11.38 percent2, which is equal
natural hazards. To avoid further mishaps to 147,604 hectares. In 2021, the figures
involving natural hazards, there is a need to increased to 13.25 percent3, corresponding to
improve the region’s disaster preparedness, 171,786 hectares. The province of Ilocos
particularly in terms of building disaster- Norte had the biggest share of forest area in
resilient infrastructure, disseminating Region 1 with 81,825 hectares, followed by
adequate information about disaster Ilocos Sur with 50,825 hectares. Intensified
preparedness, and conducting disaster, plantation establishment activities under the
emergency, and evacuation drills. Enhanced National Greening Program
(eNGP) of the DENR, hiring of Forest
The energy mix in the region is relatively Protection Officers (FPOs), and regular
good with renewable energy having a share monitoring of Forest Extension Officers
of 34.52 percent of the region’s energy (FEO) were conducted as they are key in
production capacity. The region’s RE share managing biodiversity and strengthening
is 34.52 percent of the region’s total 2,355.80 ecosystem resilience. From 2017 to 2022, 26,
MW energy production capacity that goes to 112 hectares were reforested in the
the Luzon Grid. This makes the region's region. Moreover, DENR Region 1
energy mix relatively good, especially since established 16 Protected Area Management
the accomplishment is very close to the Boards (PAMBs) to manage and administer
national target of 35.00 percent in 2030. the 16 protected areas in the region (see
However, RE is not maximized to its Chapter 2). Ilocos Sur has seven protected
potential given that the actual production of areas followed by Ilocos Norte with four, La
RE in the region is only 20.35 percent of the Union with three, and Pangasinan with
region’s total energy production. Moreover, two. In all 16 PAMBs, the private sectors and
the region’s total share of the overall Luzon CSOs from the community are members of
production is only 15.33 percent due to the the Board. All development concerns of the
lack of operating power plants. No additional PAMBs are discussed in the ENR Committee
power plants have been operating in the of the RDC-1 for appropriate
region since 2016, which means that the action. Additionally, in the latest report of
region’s potential for energy production is yet the Forest Management Bureau (FMB) of

365
DENR Ilocos Region4, the region has a total of which is found in Pangasinan with a 68
of 1,028 hectares of mangrove forest, the bulk percent share.
Strategy Framework
The Strategy Framework to accelerate climate institutions increased; (b) ecosystem
action and disaster resilience puts forward resilience enhanced; (c) low carbon economy
the welfare of the communities, households, transition enabled; and (d) improve
and individuals in Region 1. The strategies in governance and climate change and natural
Figure 16.1 aim to achieve (a) climate and hazard resilience.
disaster risk resilience of communities and
Figure 16.1. Strategy Framework to Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience

366
Strategies
Chapter Outcome: Enhance Adaptive Capacity and
Resilience of Communities, Economy and Natural
Ecosystems to Climate Change and Natural Hazards
Commitment from all stakeholders to the to protect lives and properties in the region.
above strategies is needed to operationalize The resources of the private sector will be
the framework. The resources of both public taped to protect and manage the
and private will be harnessed to reduce environment for sustainable production.
disaster risks and be able to adapt to the The region’s potential for renewable energy
severity of natural hazards. Structural and will likewise be explored.
nature-based solutions shall be implemented
Outcome 1: Climate and natural hazard resilience actions

of communities and institutions increased
Fully mainstream the DRR and updated DRR-CCA enhanced CLUPs,
CCA in the updated CLUPs and especially for the Pangasinan, Ilocos Sur and
CDPs of the LGUs Ilocos Norte. As per the target, the province
of La Union is expected to achieve 100
Disasters affect built-up spaces where men
percent DRR-CCA-enhanced CLUPs by
and women work (production), children and
2028. Likewise, the DILG-1 shall work with
youth learn (schools), families live
the LGUs to comply with the requirements of
(settlements), institutions provide services,
the DILG MC No. 2015-77 to mainstream
and the natural environment that should be
CCA and DRR in local development
protected. These spaces can be managed
effectively by the LGUs through the CLUPs planning (see Chapter 4.3). Parallel efforts
and CDPs, but disasters usually happen in the at the provincial level are being done to
built-up areas. Hence, a deep understanding mainstream DRR-CCA in their PDPFPs. In
of the hazards and exposure of the built-up preparing these local plans, Forest Land Use
areas and the people occupying these spaces Plans (FLUPs) shall be integrated to optimize
is a must, and this can be done by the use of the forestlands, and the LGUs shall
mainstreaming DRR-CCA in the CLUP and use risk-informed approaches to identify and
CDP. The DHSUD-1 shall continue to work address issues and the needs of women and
with the LGUs for them to prepare their men, and the vulnerable groups.

367
Increase public investments in Improve mitigation and disaster
climate disaster risk preparedness of the LGUs
management, particularly in
vulnerable areas in the region The LGUs are at the forefront of any disaster
events, and as the country embraced the
Interventions to reduce climate disaster risks international frameworks for DRRM, LGUs
are capital-intensive that will require public will have to improve their mitigation and
investments. These interventions can be in disaster preparedness based on these
the form of road development, flood control, frameworks and concepts. The strict
slope protection, and even resettlement for implementation of the building code is also
those living in vulnerable areas. In Region 1, necessary to ensure that houses and buildings
flood control and roads and bridges are the being constructed can withstand strong
majority of the programs and projects in the winds and earthquakes (See Chapter
Regional Development Investment Program 4.3). The LGUs will upgrade their early
(RDIP) and RDC-1 shall continue to push for warning systems to cover other hazards and
the funding of these projects. For 2022, a make them multi-hazards systems. In
total of 13,478,216 PhP was released to fund addition, all LGUs in Region 1 shall update
the flood control projects of Region 1. This is their LCCAPs and Local DRRM Plans by
twice the amount of (General Appropriations 2023 and sustain this until the end of the plan
Act) GAA funds released in 2021 for these period. The LGUs shall update their Local
kinds of projects. The same trend is seen for DRRM Plans to ensure alignment with the
roads and bridges with a 43 percent increase recently updated RDRRMP which has
in the funds of DPWH and DA Regional mainstreamed the Sendai Framework. This
Offices from 2021 to 2022. Moreover, the will also enhance the preparedness of the
RRP of the region for the most recent communities and reduce the number of
disasters (STS Maring and Magnitude 7.0 injuries during disasters. The Regional
Abra Earthquake) have put forward the need Research and Training Center for Climate
for stronger flood controls, bridges, schools, Change Studies as well as the Coastal
and other public facilities to prevent the loss Engineering Research Center of MMSU shall
of lives, properties, and livelihood. The be tapped to assist the LGUs to improve their
funding requirement for the rehabilitation mitigation and disaster preparedness. The
and recovery of the Infrastructure Sector for technical assistance will be in the form of
STS Maring reached more than PhP 1.7 B information management, capacity
which is almost half of the total funding development, and raising awareness on
requirement of the RRP. natural hazards and risks.

368
Align private sector ESG the local development plans, the private
measures and investments with sector will be encouraged to support these
local adaptation and risk plans by aligning their ESG5 targets and
reduction needs and priorities investments (e.g., corporate social
With the formulation of the local DRR plans responsibilities). The private sector shall
and the mainstreaming of DRR and CCA in align their ESG with the local priorities to
help the LGUs achieve their targets.
Outcome 2: Ecosystem resilience improved

Boost private sector biodiversity enhancement, tree plantation,
involvement in ecosystem and other productive uses such as biomass
protection, conservation, power plants and ecotourism. These co-
management and sustainable management and lease agreements are
production effective tools to benefit from the economic
Aside from the proven effectiveness of the potential of the forests and foreshores while
private sector in education campaigns for the sustainably enhancing their pristine
protection and conservation of the condition.
environment, the private sector shall be
Private manufacturers can engage in the
tapped through its co-management or lease
production of goods and services in a manner
arrangements and other arrangements such
that is non-polluting and conserves energy
as Integrated Forest Management Agreement
and natural resources. As part of the value
(IFMA), Socialized Industrial Forest
chain, manufacturers are encouraged to
Management Agreement (SIFMA), and
repurpose their waste to reduce the harmful
Forest Land-use Agreement (FLAg) for the
effects of dumped waste (See Chapter 6.1 and
establishment of forest areas in the upland
8). Repurposing wastes will require Research
and the maintenance of the foreshore in the
and Development and commercialization of
coastal areas. The private sector shall be
sustainable and green technologies and
tapped to develop the marginal forestlands to
products (See Chapter 10). This can likewise
increase the proportion of forest area
generate new revenue streams and create
covered. They will be encouraged to go into
more green jobs.
protective and protective projects such as the
restoration of forest protection zones,

369
Scale-up implementation of Restore and rehabilitate
tree plantation development watersheds
through assisted natural
regeneration for forestland Watersheds are vital not only for the
protection while ensuring social ecosystem and biodiversity but also in the
and gender equity economic aspects of society as it provides
water to the settlement and production
Assisted natural reforestation is a cost-
areas. Watersheds provide water for
effective method of mitigating the severe
drinking, irrigation for food production, and
negative effects of deforestation and forest for industry or manufacturing uses. Hence,
degradation, especially in areas in Region 1 in watershed management should include
the forestland protected zones6. The trees to restoration and rehabilitation by enhancing
be planted in the new plantation areas should pollution control and prevention by making
be of various local species to develop it part of the comprehensive land use plan of
biodiversity in the area. The LGUs, DENR, the LGUs with corresponding zoning
and the private sector can work together ordinances. As of 2020, Region 1 has 24
in upland greening projects, watersheds and 12 sub-watersheds (see
the establishment of mangroves, and urban Chapter 2). Among these watersheds, 12 are
forestry. For the reforestation program, considered as a priority as they are critical in
DENR-1 shall focus on the maintenance and supporting the National Irrigation System of
the region. Of the 12 priority watersheds,
protection of the existing plantations in 2023,
four are expected to have completed their
and shall establish 2,565 hectares from 2024
Integrated Watershed Management Plan
to 2028. Likewise, the provinces in the region
(IWMP) in 2022, and three more in 2023.
had localized the NGP and shall sustain the
The rest of the watersheds will have their
implementation of their own version of
characterization report and vulnerability
projects such as Green Wall, Oplan Pakni, assessment within the plan period. Region 1
Oplan Bayog, Oplan Mula of Ilocos Norte. also targets to increase its forest cover to
The Province of La Union, on the other hand, more than its current level of 171,766
sustained its Search for the Cleanest and hectares in the next six years. The province
Greenest LGU to advocate climate actions. of Ilocos Sur through its Watershed
These programs should also aim for social Management Council (WMC) shall protect,
and gender equity rehabilitate, develop, and manage the
to ensure equitable development that will utilization of the natural resources in the
leave no one behind. Buaya River Watershed which covers 10
municipalities and one city.

370
Promote ecosystem-based improve their water quality through the
adaptation measures to WQMAs in Bolo River System, Lower
manage risks from disasters Amburayan River, Naguilian River, and
and climate change Sinocalan - Dagupan River.
Disaster mitigation is not always done
Promote natural resource-
through a disaster-resilient
based industries and
infrastructure. Nature-based mitigation enterprises
solutions are also viable and cost-effective
solutions for climate change and disaster To develop provisioning functions of the
risks. Some of the ecosystem-based green and blue ecosystems of Region 1, the
adaptation measures include the LGUs with the assistance of the Region 1
development of mangrove forests along tidal offices of the DOT, DTI, and DOST shall
estuaries, in salt marshes, and on muddy continue to promote eco-tourism and farm
coasts. In the coastal areas of Region 1, tourism in the region. Following the Ridge to
DENR-1 shall continue to maintain and Reef framework of the CLUPs of the LGUs,
develop new mangrove plantation areas as the region shall continue to develop the
these were proven to be effective in reducing coffee and cacao plantations in the upland
coastal erosion and in improving water areas of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur and La
quality. The existing 8 wetlands in the Union as well as the mango plantations in
region shall be protected as they serve as Pangasinan. Portions of the watershed areas
natural flood water absorbers. Much of these shall be developed for commercial tree
wetlands are lakes found in Ilocos Norte, a plantations to support the furniture industry
swamp in La Union, and water storage for the in Ilocos Sur and Pangasinan. Marine-based
San Roque Reservoir in Pangasinan. DENR- industries such as salt and fish production
1 shall likewise maintain the newly planted shall be pursued for the whole region through
areas in CY 2023, and shall resume the LGUs and BFAR RO 1; and a Salt
establishing new planting sites in 2024 mostly Innovation Center in PSU shall be
in Ilocos Norte and Pangasinan to sustain the established to revive the salt industry in the
forest area in the region. As applicable, local region. All of these will support the
species of trees and shrubs shall be used in the attainment of a green economy by generating
rehabilitation of the major river basins to green jobs.

371
Outcome 3: Low carbon economy transition accelerated
Strengthen private sector to host this type of RE projects. With the help
engagement in climate change of DOE, a detailed assessment shall be done
adaptation and mitigation, within the region to identify viable locations
especially at the local level of RE projects for the region to contribute to
The private sector shall play a critical role in the overall energy mix in Luzon as the
economic growth and job creation and in country moves towards the last eight years of
addressing climate change by providing implementation of the RE Roadmap. See
investments in green technology and Chapter 13. 8
adopting green practices in their production
Promote the inclusion of tax
and operations as well as facilitating more
incentives at the local level for
climate-conscious options or consumers. the adoption of green building
This is well within the sinnaranay principle approaches of business
that the region has adopted to attain the establishments
national and regional goals. The capital City
of San Fernando in Region 1 partnered with The local investment code and the zoning
World Wide Fund (WWF) to develop ordinances can be updated to consider the
climate action plans. Specifically, the City requirements of the Green Building Code of
would like to reduce pollution to enhance the the Philippines as well as the adoption of
implementation and development of the other green technologies such as rainwater
city’s plans. The region shall pursue soil- harvesting facilities, solar power, and provide
based carbon sequestration7 by including incentives accordingly. This can be done
bamboo and fruit trees such as santol, mango through the collaborative work of the LGUs,
and rambutan as priority plants for the DOE and DTI-1 to ensure that the local
greening programs of the LGUs and DENR- policies are aligned with the national
1. government’s policy.
Increase the share of renewable

energy in the region to scale up
the energy mix
The DOE is striving to attain a sustainable
low carbon future. The region is a viable
location for RE. For solar power, the
provinces of La Union and Ilocos Sur are yet

372
Outcome 4: Improve governance and intersectoral
climate change and natural hazard resilience
Strengthen linkages among The Region 1 offices of NCIP and DENR shall
government and stakeholders work together in documenting the
for DRR-CCA and ecosystem indigenous practices in the region preserving
resilience the environment.
Climate change and disasters affect all
Scale up natural capital
sectors, and addressing DRR and CC is a
accounting and valuation of
shared responsibility of the government, the ecosystem services
private sector, and the communities which
require sinnaranay. Strengthening the The region will support the conduct of
linkages between the government and the natural capital accounting and valuation of
private sector is, therefore, necessary to ecosystem services for decision-making to
effectively address these concerns. The help increase community resiliency and
RDRRMC in Region 1 shall continue to invite improve the ecosystem. With the PSA on top
private sectors including women groups to of monitoring the SDG attainment in the
the Council to strengthen their participation region, it shall also monitor the changes in
in its decision and policy-making. Similarly, the natural capital stock, and integrate the
the Rehabilitation and Recover Cluster in value of ecosystem services into
Region 1, with NEDA as lead shall macroeconomic indicators. Likewise, the
periodically review its membership.9 The DENR-1 as part of its commitment in the
LADC, a multi-stakeholder body in Ilocos Rehabilitation and Recovery Cluster shall
Sur was institutionalized by RDC-1 for the conduct accounting of ecosystem damages
nine municipalities in Region 1 traversed by and losses from natural hazards and
Amburayan River shall be tapped to estimation of corresponding monetary value.
sustainably manage the overall development The DENR-1 shall maintain its database for
of the LGUs and the river system. The natural resources with corresponding
Regional Geospatial Information Network geospatial database and will be shared in the
(RGIN) of RDC-1 shall be strengthened to RGIN Geoportal.
maintain a robust set of geospatial database
Institutionalize the collection of
and data management systems. The online
sex-disaggregated data and
geo portal shall be expanded to share maps
adopt the HGDG checklist for
and data as an aid for policy-makers and
development planning
researchers to increase hazard resilience and
improve environment and natural resources.

373
Accurate and up-to-date data are essential in the implementing and oversight agencies and
governance and resiliency to ensure that the the use of the HGDG checklist for the local
right interventions are provided to the right development plans to properly conduct
beneficiaries. Sex-disaggregated data allows gender analysis and address gender
the assessment of the differences between issues. Corollary to this, the RDC-1 has
men and women on the different social and recently issued Resolution No. 73, s.
economic dimensions of development10 2022 entitled "Enjoining all
including the effects of disasters. However, Local Government Units (LGUs) in Region 1
the lack of SDD in the disaster-related to Mainstream Gender and Development
indicators and the absence of a gender- (GAD) in local development planning
sensitivity review of the local development through the use of the Harmonized Gender
plans hamper the conduct of gender and Development Guidelines (HGDG)
analysis. It is therefore recommended to checklist for development planning."
institutionalize the collection of SDD among

374
Legislative Agenda
Table 16.1. Legislative Agenda to Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience
LEGISLATIVE RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE

AGENDA AGENCIES
Legislation for There following 8 protected areas in the initial stages shall be pushed for ENR SeCom, RDC-1
Declaration of the 8 legislation to provide clear delineation of the boundaries and provide for
Protected Areas in stronger protection against potentially destructive development projects:
Region 1 1. Tanap Watershed Forest Preserve
2. Metropolitan Ilocos Norte Watershed and Forest Reserve
3. Paoay Lake National Park
4. Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park
5. Naguilian Watershed Forest Reserve
6. Hundred Islands National Park
7. Marcos Highway Watershed Forest Reserve
8. Bangui Protected Landscape
Delineation of Clear and accurate forest boundaries are needed in the formulation of an DENR
Specific Forest Limits effective Forest Land Use Plans (FLUPs). However, Region 1 has encountered
Bill some discrepancies on the boundaries of forestlands. Having the Delineation of
Specific Forest Limits approved shall hopefully address this concern of the
region as this will facilitate the delineation of the productive uses of the
forestlands that can be considered in both the FLUPs and the CLUPs.
Sustainable Forest With Region 1 as a host to one of the major suppliers of fossil-fuel based energy DENR
Management in the Luzon Grid, improving the carbon sequestration capacity of the region is
(SFM) Bill necessary. Hence, Region 1 will support this bill to enhance the forest
ecosystem.
Integrated Region 1 has 708.165 kms of coastline with 55 coastal towns, and 29 river systems DENR
Coastal drain in the Ilocos coast. Also, most of the LGUs have adopted the “ridge-to-
Management reef” framework in their CLUP. The region is also frequented by typhoons making
(ICM) Bill the built-up areas along the coast to be vulnerable to hydrometeorological
hazards. Region 1 then supports the legislation of Integrated Coastal
Management to guide the LGUs to sustainably manage their resources and
enhance their resiliency.
Heritage Tree To promote urban greening and carbon sequestration in the urban centers of ENR SeCom, DENR
Bill Region 1.

375
LEGISLATIVE RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE
AGENDA AGENCIES
Enactment of The legislation aims to create a council that will oversee policy-making, DENR, DOT, LGU
the Sustainable planning, and standard-setting on sustainable coastal tourism harmonized
Coastal Tourism through a National Sustainable Coastal Recreational Area Quality Framework.
Furthermore, it initiates the creation of an inventory and trust fund for coastal
Act
tourism.
The region’s location allows it to enjoy pristine coasts, and therefore needs to
formulate strategic policies for its protection and preservation while taking into
account its tourism capacities. The enactment of this Act will allow the region
to maximize its comparative advantage in coastal tourism while ensuring that
the social and environmental components are integrated into the region’s
coastal tourism roadmap.
Local Investment and This will promote the adoption of sustainable approaches in green building to ED SeCom, RDC-1
Incentive Code help reduce the use of electricity from the grid by providing local incentives
Updating through the Local Investment and Incentive Code of the LGUs.
Results Matrix
Table 16.2. Results Matrix: Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience
TARGETS
INDICATOR MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
BASELINE 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION AGENCY
Chapter Outcome: Adaptive Capacity and Resilience of Communities, Economy and Natural Ecosystems to Climate Change and Natural Hazards Enhanced
Sub-Chapter Outcome 1: Climate and disaster risk resilience of communities and institutions increased
Percent of Provinces, Cities and 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 CCC Agency Report
Municipalities with Local (2022) CCC
Climate Change Action Plan
sustained
Ilocos Norte 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 CCC Agency Report CCC
Ilocos Sur 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 CCC Agency Report CCC
La Union 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 CCC Agency Report CCC
Pangasinan 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 CCC Agency Report CCC
Percent of Provinces, Cities and OCD Agency Report OCD

Municipalities with Local 80.62 100 100 100 100 100 100
Disaster Risk Reduction and (2021)
Management Plan increased
Ilocos Norte 79.17 100 100 100 100 100 100 OCD Agency Report OCD
Ilocos Sur 68.57 100 100 100 100 100 100 OCD Agency Report OCD
La Union 80.95 100 100 100 100 100 100 OCD Agency Report OCD
Pangasinan 89.80 100 100 100 100 100 100 OCD Agency Report OCD

376
TARGETS
INDICATOR BASELINE MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
Proportion of local 77.08 80 84 88 92 96 100 OCD Agency Report OCD

governments that adopt and
implement local disaster risk
reduction strategies in line with
national disaster risk reduction
strategies (LDRRMPs)
increased
Percent of Provinces, Cities and 48 50 57 65 72 79 83 DHSUD Agency DHSUD

Municipalities with DRR-CCA (2021) Report
Enhanced Comprehensive and
Land Use Plan increased
Ilocos Norte 26 30 38 47 56 65 73 DHSUD Agency DHSUD

Report
Ilocos Sur 44 46 52 58 64 70 76 DHSUD Agency DHSUD

Report
La Union 65 66 73 83 93 100 100 DHSUD Agency DHSUD

Report
Pangasinan 56 62 66 71 75 79 83 DHSUD Agency DHSUD

Report
Percentage of Provinces, Cities, 98.45 100 100 100 100 100 100 OCD Agency Report
and Municipalities with Early (2019) OCD
Warning Systems increased
Number of missing persons 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD Agency Report

attributed to disasters per (2021) OCD
100,000 population
decreased
Male 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD Agency Report OCD
Female 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD Agency Report OCD
Ilocos Norte 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD Agency Report OCD
Ilocos Sur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD Agency Report OCD
La Union 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD Agency Report OCD
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD Agency Report OCD
Number of injuries OCD Agency Report

attributed to disasters per 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD
100,000 population (2021)
decreased

377
TARGETS
Number of deaths attributed 1 OCD Agency Report

to disasters decreased (2022) 0 0 0 0 0 0 OCD

(2022)

(2022)
Number of directly affected OCD Agency Report

persons attributed to 19,457
disasters per 100, 000 (2021) decreasing OCD
population decreased
Ilocos Norte 617.96 decreasing OCD Agency Report OCD
Ilocos Sur 53,725.52 decreasing OCD Agency Report OCD
La Union 28,929.91 decreasing OCD Agency Report OCD
Pangasinan 10,377.69 decreasing OCD Agency Report OCD
Sub-Chapter Outcome 2: Ecosystem resilience enhanced
Area reforested/ planted (in 2,421 0 915 740 520 200 190 DENR Agency Report DENR
hectares) increased (2021)
Ilocos Norte 919 0 515 490 520 200 190 DENR Agency Report DENR
Ilocos Sur 614 0 150 0 0 0 0 DENR Agency Report DENR
La Union 208 0 0 0 0 0 0 DENR Agency Report DENR
Pangasinan 679 0 250 250 0 0 0 DENR Agency Report DENR
Forest area as a proportion of 36.80 >36.8 >36.8 >36.8 >36.8 >36.8 >36.8 DENR Agency Report DENR
total land area increased (2021)
Forest Cover (in hectares) 171,766 >171,766 >171,766 >171,766 >171,766 >171,766 >171,766 DENR Agency Report DENR
increased
Proportion of Forest Cover TBS increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing DENR Agency Report DENR
to total forestland
increased
Total values of damages to 5,142,95 decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing DPWH Agency Report DPWH
infrastructure by natural 7,932.00
hazards decreased
Ilocos Norte 454,316, decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing DPWH Agency Report DPWH
000.00
Ilocos Sur 3,869,05 decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing DPWH Agency Report DPWH
2,878.2

378
TARGETS
La Union 540,996, decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing DPWH Agency Report DPWH
554.00
Pangasinan 278,555, decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing decreasing DPWH Agency Report DPWH
000.00
Sub-Chapter Outcome 3: Low carbon economy transition enabled
Area of forestland registered TBS increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing DENR Agency Report DENR
under carbon trading or financing
increased
TBS – To be submitted
1 EPIC DRRM PROJECT – Philippine Red Cross (redcrosslaunion.org.ph)

2 NEDA RO 1 derived estimate from forest area divided by total land area
3 NEDA-RO 1 derived estimate from forest area divided by total land area
4 Forest Cover Region1 (denr.gov.ph)
5 Sovereign ESG Data Portal (worldbank.org)
6 Assisted natural regeneration of forests (fao.org)
7 Soil-Based Carbon Sequestration | MIT Climate Portal
8 PHILIPPINE ENERGY PLAN 2012-2030 Update (doe.gov.ph)
9 RRC Resolution No. _2, s. 2022 Ratification of the RRC-1 membership
10 Sex-disaggregated data | European Institute for Gender Equality (europa.eu)

379
PARTV
Plan
Implementati
on,
Monitori
ng,
andEvaluat
ion
1
7
Pl
anImplementat
ion,
Moni
tor
ing,andEvaluat
ion
CHAPTER 17
Plan Implementation,
Monitoring, and Evaluation
A whole -of-government approach with the involvement of the private sector will be employed to
implement the plan geared towards economic transformation for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient
society. Also, to help REACH the Ambisyon Natin 2040, the rich resources of the region shall be tapped.
Annual monitoring of the targets set in the plan shall be done through the Regional Development Report
to keep track of the region’s development performance. Like in the PDP 2023-2028, the Region 1 RDP
shall adopt the National Evaluation Policy Framework1 (Fig. 17.1) to support the government’s efforts
to strengthen results-based development anchored on good governance, transparency, accountability,
and evidence-based decision-making.
Figure 17.1. Evaluation and the Public Sector Management Cycle
Chapter 17: Plan Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation

Ilocos Regional Development Plan 2023-2028
385
Implementation
The Regional Development Council-1 (RDC- identified PPAs in the RDP through Budget
1) will be at the helm to oversee the Deliberations. The RDC-1 and its Sectoral
implementation of the plan not only for Committees discharge this function with
achievement of the headline indicators set in other members as the Region 1 Development
Chapters 1 and 3. Implementing the plan Budget Coordination Committee
involves crafting policies to be implemented (R1DBCC).
by identified parties. Consistent with the
The Regional Land Use Committee-1
Operations Manual of RDC-1, the RDC-1
(RLUC-1) implements the spatial dimension
Secretariat will follow the policy cycle set in
of the RDP contained specifically in Chapter
the Manual. Specifically, each Sectoral
2. Further, RLUC-1 shall make sure that the
Committee of RDC-1 shall prepare a Policy
spatial framework and strategies are
Objectives Matrix based on RDP 2023-2028.
considered in the Provincial Development
Using these policy matrices, the committees
and Physical Framework Plans of the
shall also formulate a Policy Agenda on an
provinces in Region 1. Following the review
annual basis. This Policy Agenda lists the
guidelines of the PDPFP, the RLUC shall
planned policy recommendations of the
convene its TWG to review the PDPFs of the
committees. Other policy items needing
provinces and ensure the alignment of these
actions arising from the discussions in the
local physical frameworks with the RSS.
committee, RDC Executive Committee, and
Full Council shall also be incorporated into The Regional Social Development
the annual policy agenda of the committees. Committee (RSDC) of the RDC-1 shall take
A TWG shall be created by the committee if the lead in ensuring that the measures in the
needed, to assist the sectoral committees in social chapters of the Plan are implemented
their policy recommendations. and that the targets are achieved. Specifically,
the RSDC will lead in promoting human
In addition to the Policy Agenda, the RDC-1
capital and social development. This
shall implement this RDP 2023-2028 through
committee shall also be responsible for
the budget proposals of regional line agencies
increasing income-earning ability and
in the region. The regional line agencies
strengthening social protection.
which are also members of the RDC-1 are to
incorporate in their regular budget proposals The Economic Development Sector
the identified key programs, projects, and Committee (EDSeCom) of the RDC-1 will be
activities (PPAs) in the RDP. On one hand, on top of ensuring that strategies to ensure
the RDC-1 and its Sectoral Committees shall food security are implemented. EDSeCom
ensure that the regional line agencies will also push for the modernization of agri-
incorporate in their budget proposals the fishery and agribusiness in the region. The

386
EDSeCom will be assisted by its TWGs on the region to contribute to transforming the
Investment Promotions and Economic Zone production sector. A research agenda shall
Development in promoting trade and also be formulated by the RDDIC to address
investments, and in revitalizing the industry the research needs of the Plan. RDC-1 shall
and services sectors in Region 1. also work with the region’s Peace and Order
Council (RPOC-1) to implement the
The Infrastructure and Utilities Sectoral
strategies to ensure peace and security.
Committee (Infra SeCom) shall pursue the
Moreover, GAD Agenda for the next 6 years
expansion and upgrading of infrastructure in
will be formulated by the Regional GAD
Region 1. The TWG on Information and
Committee to address the gender issues
Communication Technology shall assist the
identified in the Plan using the HGDG
Infra Secom in implementing the measures
checklist for development planning.
for expanding the digital infrastructure in the
region. The acceleration of climate action The programs, projects and activities (PPAs)
shall be spearheaded by the Environment and that support the outcomes set in the RDP are
Natural Resources Sectoral Committee (ENR listed in the Regional Development
SeCom), with disaster resilience will be Investment Program (RDIP) as a companion
pushed by the Region 1 DRRM Council. document of the Plan. The RDIP shall serve
Finally, the Governance Sectoral Committee as the major reference of the R1DBCC in
of the RDC-1 will oversee the enhancement reviewing the annual budget proposals of the
of the administration of justice as well as in agencies and SUCs in Region 1. The RDC-1
upholding good governance and Chairperson shall champion the major
enhancement of bureaucratic efficiency. priority PPAs of the region during the RDC -
Agency Central Office dialogue. The
The RDC-1 Support Committee of Regional
Chairperson shall likewise push with the
Research, Development, and Innovation
Advisory Committee for the passage of the
Committee-1 (RRDIC-1) will likewise
legislative agenda set in the RDP.
endeavor to advance research and
development, technology, and innovation in

387
Table 17.1. Coordination Mechanism of RDP Chapters and RDC-1 Committees
RDP Chapter RDC-1 Committees
Chapter 1: Overview of the Regional Economy, Development Context and Regional Development Council 1
Trends
Chapter 2. Regional Spatial Development Framework Regional Land Use Committee 1
Chapter 3. RDP 2023-2028 Strategy Framework Regional Development Council 1
Chapter 4. Promote Human Capital and Social Development Regional Social Development Committee 1*
Chapter 5. Increase Income-earning Ability Economic Development Sectoral Committee*
Chapter 6. Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power Economic Development Sectoral Committee*
Chapter 7. Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness Economic Development Sectoral Committee*
Chapter 8. Revitalize Industry Economic Development Sectoral Committee*
Chapter 9. Reinvigorate Services Economic Development Sectoral Committee*
Chapter 10. Advance Research and Development, Technology, and Regional Research, Development, and
Innovation Innovation Committee
Chapter 11. Promote Trade and Investments Economic Development Sectoral Committee*
Chapter 12. Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial Governance Sectoral Committee
Management
Chapter 13. Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure Infrastructure and Utilities Committee*
Chapter 14. Ensure Peace and Security and Enhance the Administration Governance Sectoral Committee*
of Justice
Chapter 15. Practice Good Governance and Improve Bureaucratic and Governance Sectoral Committee
Regulatory Efficiency
Chapter 16. Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience Environment and Natural Resources
Sectoral Committee
* with appropriate TWG of the concerned RDC-1 Committees and/or other regional bodies.

388
Monitoring and Evaluation
The progress in achieving the outcomes of In terms of monitoring the specific PPAs, the
this RDP will be monitored and assessed Regional Project Monitoring Committee
using the indicators and targets contained in (RPMC-1) of RDC-1 shall take the lead in
the Results Matrix. With this, the NEDA ensuring that the funded PPAs are
Regional Office 1 shall annually prepare the implemented on time. The RPMC-1 shall
Regional Development Report (RDR) to utilize the Regional Project Monitoring
present the annual accomplishments of the Evaluation System (RPMES) in monitoring
region on the Plan outcomes and targets. the projects in the region. PPAs with
Challenges and recommended strategies to slippages shall be addressed through the
address the challenges and hasten the conduct of Problem-Solving Sessions under
achievement of the targets shall be identified the RPMC. To monitor the outcome of the
in the RDR. Moreover, the PSA RO 1 will PPAs, the RPMC-1 will conduct a quarterly
annually monitor the pace of progress of the Project Benefit Monitoring of the completed
SDG indicators and make the necessary projects in Region 1. This is to assess whether
report to the sectoral committees of the RDC- the completed PPAs have achieved their
1 for appropriate action. desired outcomes.
Plan Advocacy
The Development Communication Support bearers for them to help achieve the targets
Committee of the RDC-1 shall spearhead the and outcomes set in the Plan. The Plan shall
formulation of a Communication Plan for likewise be communicated to all stakeholders
the RDP 2023-2028. The communication to generate wider public awareness and
plan shall advocate the RDP to all duty support.
1
Asian Development Bank. 2011. Framework for Results-Based Public Sector Management and Country Cases. Asia-Pacific Community of
Practice on Managing for Development Results. Manila. https://www.oecd.org/dac/peer-
reviews/Asia%20pacific%20cop%202011%20Framework%20for%20RBPSM%20and%20Country%20Cases.pdf

389
Acronyms
4IR Fourth Industrial Revolution
4K Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran ng Kababayang Katutubo
4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
ABC Agri-Business Corridors
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
AEZ Agro-industrial Economic Zone
AFF Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines
ALS Alternative Learning System
AMIA Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture
AO Administrative Order
ARTA Anti-Red Tape Authority
ASF African Swine Fever
BADAC Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Council
BCPS Barangay Council for Protection of Children
BDC Barangay Development Council
BDP Barangay Development Program
BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
BFP Bureau of Fire Protection
BHS Barangay Health Stations
BHW Barangay Health Workers
BI Bureau of Immigration
BJMP Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
BLCP Basic Learning Continuity Plan
BLGF Bureau of Local Government Finance
BnB Botika ng Barangay
BOT Build-Operate-Transfer
BPAT Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team
BPM Business Process Management
BPO Business Process Outsourcing
BSP Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
BUCOR Bureau of Corrections
C1-Z CommercIal-1 Zone
C2-Z Commercial-2 Zone
CAAP Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
CADT Certificates of Ancestral Domain Titles
CBMS Community-Based Monitoring System
Acronym
391
CC Climate Change
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
CCER Cybercrime Clearance Efficiency Rate
CCW Centers, Corridors, and Wedges
CDP Comprehensive Development Plan
CDR Climate and Disaster Risk
CESB Career Executive Service Board
CEST Community Empowerment through Science and Technology
CFLGA Child-Friendly Local Governance Audit
CHED Commission on Higher Education
CHO City Health Office
CICL Children in Conflict with the Law
CII Critical Information Infrastructure
CIS Communal Irrigation Systems
CLOA Certificate of Land Ownership Award
CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CMCI Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index
CMQ Construction and Mining and Quarrying
COA Commission on Audit
COMELEC Commission on Election
COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019
CRA Climate-Resilient Agriculture
CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child
CREATE Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises
CSC Civil Service Commission
CSER Crime Solution Efficiency Rate
CSO Civil Society Organizations
CTEC Community Training and Employment Coordinators
DA Department of Agriculture
DATRC Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Center
DBM Department of Budget and Management
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DepEd Department of Education
DEWATS Decentralized Water Treatment Systems
DHSUD Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development
DICT Department of Information Communication and Technology
DILEEP DOLE Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Employment Program
DILG Department of Interior and Local Government
DILP DOLE Integrated Livelihood Program
DMMMSU Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University
Acronym
392
DMW Department of Migrant Workers
DND Department of National Defense
DOE Department of Energy
DOH Department of Health
DOJ Department of Justice
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DOT Department of Tourism
DOTr Department of Transportation
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DSP Dietary Supplementation Program
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
e-VAW electronic Violence Against Women
eBOSS electronic Business One-Stop Shop
eBPLS electronic Business Permits and Licensing System
EBT Enterprise-Based Training
EC Electric Cooperatives
ECCD-IS Early Childhood Care and Development Information System
eCLIP enhanced-Comprehensive Local Integration Program
EDSECOM Economic Development Sectoral Committee
EEOP Equal Employment Opportunity Principle
EFLW Economic and Financial Literacy Week
EGSD Efficient Government Service Delivery
EJWP Expanded Justice on Wheels Program
ELCAC End Local Communist Armed Conflict
EMB Environmental Management Bureau
ENR Environment and Natural Resources
ENR SECOM Environment and Natural Resources Sector Committee
EO Executive Order
EODB Ease of Doing Business
ERC Energy Regulatory Commission
EWS Early Warning Systems
F1K First 1000
FabLab Fabrication Laboratories
FCC Fecal Coliform Counts
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FDP Full Disclosure Policy
Acronym
393
FIC Fully Immunized Children
FMR Farm-to-Market Road
FNRI Food and Nutrition Research Institute
FPIAPPP Free Public Internet Access in Public Places Program
FTE Full Time Equivalent
GAD Gender and Development
GBV Gender-based Violence
GCA General Corridor Areas
GCTA Good Conduct Time Allowance
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEDSI Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion
GFI Government Financial Institutions
GI-Z General Institutional Zone
GIA Grants-in-Aid
GIDA Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Area
GIP Government Internship Program
GOCC Government-owned and Controlled Corporation
GPPB Government Procurement Policy Board
GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product
GROCIAD Growth Center, Integrated Area Development
GSIS Government Service Insurance System
GVA Gross Value Added
HADR Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response
HAPAG Halina't Magtanim ng Prutas at Gulay
HCW Healthcare Worker
HEI Higher Education Institution
HFEP Health Facilities Enhancement Program
HGDG Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HMDF Home Development Mutual Fund
HNRDA Harmonized National Research and Development Agenda
HRH Human Resources for Health
HRRDIA Harmonized Region 1 Research, Development, and Innovation
Agenda
I2-Z Industrial-2 Zone
IA Interchange Area
IAD Integrated Area Development
IC Innovation Center
ICEP Industry Cluster Enhancement Program
ICM Integrated Coastal Management
Acronym
394
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IEC Information, Education, and Communication
IEET Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology
iFWDPH Innovations for Filipinos Working Distantly from the Philippines
IMP Integrity Management Program
INFRA Infrastructure
INFRA SECOM Infrastructure and Utilities Sectoral Committee
IP Indigenous People
IPMR Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representative
IPRA Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act
IRA Internal Revenue Allotment
IRICCE Ilocos Region Industry Cluster Capacity Enhancement
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
IS Informal Settlers
ISPSC Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College
IT Information Technology
IWMP Integrated Watershed Management Plan
JMC Joint Memorandum Circular
JSCC Justice Sector Coordinating Council
KASIMBAYANAN Kapulisan, Simbahan at Pamayanan
KAYA Kapital Access for Young Agripreneurs
LADC Lower Amburayan Development Corridor
LARS Lower Amburayan River System
LCCAP Local Climate Change Action Plan
LCI Local Cultural Inventories
LDIP Local Development Investment Programs
LDRRMF Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
LDRRMP Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
LETS EAT Logistics Efficiency and Transport Seamlessness to Enhance
Agribusiness Trade
LGU Local Government Unit
LIA Laoag International Airport
LIIC Local Investment and Incentive Code
LNAP Local Nutrition Action Plan
LSP Local Shelter Plan
LSWDO Local Social Welfare and Development Office
LTFRB Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
LTO Land Transportation Office
LTV Long-Term Vision
LUCs Local Universities and Colleges
Acronym
395
LUDIP Land Use Development and Infrastructure Plans
MIS Management Information Systems
MMSU Mariano Marcos State University
MNR Manila North Road
MOA Memorandum of Agreement
MOOC Massive Open Online Course
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
mPhilGEPS Modernized Philippine Government Electronic Procurement
System
MSME Micro Small and Medium Enterprises
MT Metric Tons
MW Megawatts
NAFMIP National Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization and
Industrialization Plan
NAP Nutrition Action Plans
NAT National Achievement Test
NBI National Bureau of Investigation
NBN National Broadband Network
NCCA National Commission for Culture and the Arts
NCCAG National Color-coded Agriculture Guide Map
NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
NCR National Capital Region
NEA National Electrification Administration
NEDA National Economic and Development Authority
NEET Not in Education Employment, and Training
NGO Non-Government Organization
NIA National Irrigation Administration
NIASD National Innovation Agenda and Strategy Document
NIC National Innovation Council
NICER Niche Centers in the Regions
NIMP National Irrigation Master Plan
NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System
NIS National Irrigation Systems
NJJWMIS National Juvenile Justice and Welfare Management Information
System
NLHIR North Long Haul Interregional Railway
NLPSC North Luzon Philippines State College
NLUA National Land Use Act
NNC National Nutrition Council
NPC National Privacy Commission
Acronym
396
NRS Naguilian River System
NSFI National Strategy for Financial Inclusion
NTA National Tax Allocation/National Tax Allotment
NTC National Telecommunications Commission
NUPAP National Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture Program
NWRB National Water Resources Board
OCD Office of Civil Defense
OFW Overseas Filipino Worker
OPLAN Operation Plans
OSH Occupational Safety and Health
OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
P2C Producer to Consumer
PAMANA Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan
PAMB Protected Area Management Boards
PAO Public Attorney's Office
PAP4SCP Philippine Action Plan for Sustainable Consumption and
Production
PBB Performance-Based Bonus
PCIC Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation
PCIP Provincial and City Commodity Investment Plans
PDAC Project Development Assistance Center
PDI Parallel Drug Importation
PDL Persons Deprived of Liberty
PDP Philippine Development Plan
PDPFP Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan
PESO Public Employment Service Office
PEZA Philippine Economic Zone Authority
PFCRP Philippine Fisheries and Coastal Resiliency Project
PhilHealth Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
PhilSys Philippine Identification System
PIA Philippine Information Agency
PMOC Pre-Marriage Orientation and Counselling
PNC Program and Negosyo Center
PNP Philippine National Police
PPA Philippine Ports Authority
PPAs Programs, Projects and Activities
PPP Public-Private Partnership
PRDP Philippine Rural Development Plan
PR-Z Parks and Recreation Zone
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority
Acronym
397
PSA Public Service Act
PSR Private Sector Representative
PSU Pangasinan State University
PUD Planned Unit Development
PUD-TOD Planned Unit Development and Transport-Oriented Development
PUV Public Utility Vehicle
PWD Persons with Disabilities
PWSSMP Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation Masterplan
QS Quacquarelli Symonds
R&D Research and Development
R&DTI Research and Development, Technology and Innovation
R&R Rewards and Recognition
R1-Z Residential-1 Zone
R1CR Region 1 Competitiveness Roadmap
R1GRP Region 1 Gender and Development Resource Pool
RA Republic Act
RBPMS Results-Based Performance Management System
RDBCC Regional Development Budget Coordination Committee
RDC Regional Development Council
RDIP Regional Development Investment Program
RDP Regional Development Plan
RDR Regional Development Report
RDRRMC Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
RDRRMP Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
RE Renewable Energy
REACH REsilient, All-inclusive, Competitive, and Healthy
RGADC Regional Gender and Development Committee
RGDRP Regional Gender and Development Resource Pool
RHU Rural Health Unit
RICs Rural Improvement Clubs
RIIC Region 1 Inclusive Innovation Center
RLA Regional Line Agency
RLSPR Revised Law Student Practice Rule
RLUC Regional Land Use Committee
RMIR Regional Mango Industry Roadmap
ROLL IT Roads Leveraging Linkages of Industry and Trade
RPAN Regional Plan of Action for Nutrition
RPMC Regional Project Monitoring Committee
Acronym
398
RPMES Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System
RPOC Regional Peace and Order Council
RPWUDs Aftercare and Social Reintegration Program for Recovering Persons
Who Use Drugs
RRDIC Regional Research, Development, and Innovation Committee
RSBSA Registry System for Basic Sectors in Agriculture
RSDC Regional Social Development Committee
RSE Researchers, Scientists, and Engineers
RSS Region 1 Spatial Strategy
RSTL Regional Science and Technology Laboratory
RTF-ELCAC Regional Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict
Region
RTWPB Regional Tripartite Wage and Productivity Board
RUSF Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food
S&T Science and Technology
S4CP Science for Change Program
SAE Small Area Estimates
SAFDZ Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones
SAVE Self-Administered Visioning Exercise
SBM School-based Management
SC Supreme Court
SCFG Seal of Child-Friendly Governance
SCFLG Seal of Child-friendly Local Governance
SDD Sex-Disaggregated Data
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SDRS Sinocalan-Dagupan River System
SECOM Sectoral Committee
SEF Special Education Fund
SEP Sitio Electrification Program
SETUP Small Enterprises Technology Upgrading Program
SFM Sustainable Forest Management
SGFH Seal of Good Financial Housekeeping
SGLG Seal of Good Local Governance
SGVW Small Group Visioning Worships
SHC Super Health Center
SK Sangguniang Kabataan
SLF Sanitary Landfills
SLP Sustainable Livelihood Program
SMaRT Securing Manufacturing Revitalization and Transformation
SME Small and Medium Enterprises
Acronym
399
SPFP Solar Powered Fertigation Project
SPSP Sangkap Pinoy Seal Program
SSF Shared Service Facilities
SSS Social Security System
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
STEAM Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics
STI Science, Technology, and Innovation
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
STS Severe Tropical Storm
SUC State Universities and Colleges
SWM Solid Waste Management
TBD To be Determined
TBI Technology Business Incubators
TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
TMS Traffic Management Strategy
TNA Training Needs Assessment
TPC Technical Planning Committees
TPLEX Tarlac-Pangasinan-La Union Expressway
TRAs Tourism Rest Areas
TSA Transport Station Area
TSD Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
TUPAD Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged Worker
TVET Technical-Vocational Education and Training
TVI Technical-Vocational Institution
TWG Technical Working Group
UAM Unified Aftercare Monitoring
UHC Universal Health Care
UN United Nations
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNP University of Northern Philippines
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USAR Urban Search and Rescue
UTS-Z Utilities Zone
VAWC Violence Against Women and Children
WCPC Women Children Protection Center
WHO World Health Organization
WoG Whole-of-Government
WoS Whole-of-Society
WQMAs Water Quality Management Areas
WURI World Universities with Real Impact
Acronym
400
WWF World Wide Fund
YBP Yakap Bayan Program
YCF Youth Care Facilities
Acronym
401
Glossary
Active Transportation Using human power to get from one place to another. This includes
walking, biking, sand, and skateboarding (DILG, 2020).
Adaptation The process of adjustment in natural or human systems in response
to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which
moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities (RA No. 9729,
2009).
Agribusiness The sum of all operations involved in the manufacture and
distribution of farm supplies; production activities on the farm; and
the storage, processing, and distribution of farm commodities and
items made from them (DAR, 2009 cited from NEDA, 2017).
Alternative dispute Any process or procedure used to resolve a dispute or controversy,
resolution (ADR)
other than by adjudication of a presiding judge of a court or an
officer of a government agency, in which a neutral third party
participates to assist in the resolution of issues, which includes
arbitration, mediation, conciliation, early neutral evaluation, mini-
trial, or any combination thereof (RA 9285).
Artificial intelligence The science and engineering of making intelligent machines that are
concerned with getting computers to do tasks that would normally
require human intelligence.
Assisted natural ANR is a simple, low-cost restoration method that can effectively
regeneration (ANR)
enhance the productivity and ecosystem functions of deforested or
degraded lands. The method aims to accelerate, rather than replace,
natural successional processes by removing or reducing barriers to
natural regeneration such as soil degradation, competition with
weedy species, and recurring disturbances (e.g., fire, grazing, and
wood harvesting).
Blue economy A practical ocean-based economic model using green infrastructure
and technologies, innovative financing mechanisms, and proactive
institutional arrangements for meeting the twin goals of protecting
oceans and coasts and enhancing its potential contribution to
sustainable development, including improving human well-being,
and reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities
(Changwon Declaration, 2012).
Buffer/greenbelt Yard, parks, or open spaces between conflicting land use zones. No
permanent structures are permitted in these areas.
Children Refers to persons below eighteen (18) years of age or those over but
are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves
from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because
of a physical or mental disability or condition (RA No. 7610).
Glossary
402
Circular Economy An economic model of creating value by extending product lifespan
through improved design and servicing and relocating ways from
the end of the supply chain to the beginning (RA No. 11898, 2022).
Cities and An annual ranking system was developed to measure and improve
Municipalities
Competitive Index the competitiveness among cities and municipalities to build a
(CMCI) business-friendly environment.
Clearance rate The total case output each year as compared to new cases filed in the
same year.
Climate Change A change in the state of the climate identified by changes in the
mean and/ or the variability of its properties and that persists for an
extended period, typically decades or longer, whether due to natural
variability or because of human activity (RA No. 9729, 2009).
Commercial-1 (C1-Z) Land intended for low-density, neighborhood-scale businesses.
Buildings can be up to 3 stories and a height of 10 meters.
Commercial-2 (C2-Z) Land where wholesale stores, public markets, malls, supermarkets,
call centers, broadcasting studios, car dealerships and automotive-
related services, scrap yards, hardware stores, construction-related
businesses, garden stores, sign makers, welders, furniture makers,
commercial condominiums, lechon shops, chicharon factories, and
motels are permitted in addition to all other uses permitted in R-1,
R-2, and C-1 zones. Buildings may have six floors and an 18-meter
height.
Community-Based An organized, technology-based system of collecting, processing,
Monitoring System
(CBMS) and validating necessary disaggregated data that may be used for
planning, program implementation, and impact monitoring at the
local level while empowering communities to participate in the
process (RA 11315).
Comprehensive The CDP is the action plan utilized by every local administration to
Development Plan
(CDP) develop and implement priority sectoral and cross-sectoral
programs and projects in the proper locations to put flesh on the
skeleton as it were, gradually and incrementally, until the desired
share or form of development is eventually attained over the long
term.
Comprehensive Land A document that serves as the primary and dominant bases for the
Use Plan (CLUP)
future use of land resources where the requirements for food
production, human settlements, and industrial expansion are taken
into consideration in its preparation (RA No. 7160).
Creative Industries Trades involving persons whether natural or juridical, that produce
cultural, artistic, and innovative goods and services originating in
human creativity, skill, and talent and having a potential to create
wealth and livelihood through the generation and utilization of
intellectual property (RA 11904).
Glossary
403
Crime Solution The percentage of solved cases out of the total number of crime
Efficiency Rate
incidents handled by law enforcement agencies for a given period
(NEDA, 2017).
Critical Information Computer systems, and/or networks, whether physical or virtual,
Infrastructure (CII)
and/or the computer programs, computer data, and/or traffic data
vital to the country that the incapacity or destruction of, or
interference with such systems and assets would have a debilitating
impact on security, national or economic security, national public
health, and safety, or any combination of those matters (National
Cybersecurity Plan, 2022).
Cybercrime A crime in which a computer is the object of the crime (hacking,
phishing, spamming) or is used as a tool to commit an offense (child
pornography, hate crimes) (National Cybersecurity Plan, 2022).
Cybersecurity The collection of tools, policies, security concepts, security
safeguards, guidelines, risk management approaches, actions,
training, best practices, assurance, and technologies that can be used
to protect the cyber environment and organization and user’s assets
(National Cybersecurity Plan, 2022).
Digital Divide The gap between individuals, households, businesses, and
geographic areas at different socio-economic levels regarding both
their opportunities to access information and communication
technologies (ICTs) and their use of the Internet for a wide variety
of activities.
Digital Economy The digital economy refers to a broad range of activities, which
include the use of knowledge and information as factors in
production, information networks as a platform for action, and how
the information and communication technology sector spurs
economic growth (Philippine Statistic Authority).
Digital Skills Digital skills refer to a range of skills, encompassing a combination
of behaviors, expertise, know-how, work habits, character traits,
dispositions, and critical understanding of the use of digital devices,
communication applications, and networks to access and manage
information (RA 11927, 2022).
Disaster risk The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through
reduction (DRR)
systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of
disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened
vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and
the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events
(RA 10121).
Early Childhood Care The full range of health, nutrition, early education, and social
and Development services is necessary to promote the optimum growth and
(ECCD) development of children aged zero to four years (NEDA, 2017).
Glossary
404
E-Commerce The sale or purchase of goods and services, whether between
businesses, households, individuals, governments, and other public
or private organizations, is conducted over computer-mediated
networks. The goods and services are ordered over those networks,
but the payment and the ultimate delivery of the good or service
may be conducted on or offline (Philippine Statistics Authority).
Ecosystem services The contributions of ecosystems to the benefits that are used in
economic and other human activity (UN System of Environmental-
Economic Accounting, n.d.).
Ecotourism A form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage
area where community participation, protection and management
of natural resources, culture, indigenous knowledge and practices,
environmental education, and ethics as well as economics (RA No.
10866).
Employed A consists of persons in the labor force who are reported either as at
work or with a job or business although not at work. Persons at
work are those who did some work, even for an hour during the
reference period (LFS Technical Notes, PSA).
Employment Rate The proportion of employed persons to the total labor force (LFS
Technical Notes, PSA).
Enterprise-based Enterprise-Based Programs are training programs being
Training implemented within companies/firms. These programs can be any
of the following: Apprenticeship program, Learner-ship Program,
and Dual Training System (TESDA).
Farm-to-Market Road Roads linking the agriculture and fisheries production sites, coastal
(FMR) landing points, and post-harvest facilities to the market and arterial
roads and highways (NEDA, 2017).
Fecal Coliform Group of organisms universally present in large numbers in the
faces of man and other warm-blooded animals. Used as a primary
bacterial indicator for excremental pollution (WHO, 1985).
Financial Literacy Financial literacy is the level of knowledge about financial concepts
and principles. It contributes to consumers’ capability in making
sound financial plans and decisions to be financially healthy (BSP
2021 Financial Inclusion Survey).
Food security A situation when all people, always, have physical and economic
access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary
needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (World
Food Summit, 1996).
Fortification The addition of nutrients to processed foods or food products at
levels above the natural state. As an approach to control
micronutrient deficiency, food fortification is the addition of a
micronutrient, deficient in the diet, to a portion of food, which is
Glossary
405
widely consumed by specific at-risk groups (RA 8976).
Fully immunized Infants who received one dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG),
children three doses each of oral polio vaccine, pertussis (whooping cough),
and tetanus (DPT), and Hepatitis B vaccines, and one dose of
measles vaccine before reaching one year of age.
Gender Refers to a set of socially ascribed characteristics, norms, roles,
attitudes, values, and expectations identifying the social behavior of
men and women, and the relations between them (RA 11313).
Gender and The development perspective and process that “seeks to achieve
Development (GAD) gender equality as a fundamental value that should be reflected in
development choices; seeks to transform society’s social, economic,
and political structures and questions the validity of the gender roles
they ascribed to women and men; contends that women are active
agents of development and not just passive recipients of
development assistance; and stresses the need of women to organize
themselves and participate in political processes to strengthen their
legal rights” (RA 9710).
Gender The strategy for making women's, as well as men's, concerns and
mainstreaming experiences the integral dimension of the design, implementation,
monitoring, and evaluation of policies and programs in all political,
economic, and societal spheres so that women and men benefit
equally, and inequality is not perpetuated (PCW, 2017).
General Institutional Land intended primarily for government or civic centers, police and
(GI-Z) fire stations, government buildings, higher education institutions,
learning facilities (libraries, training centers), cultural and
convention centers, hospitals and medical centers, and religious
centers Buildings can be up to a height of 15 meters.
Geographic A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage,
Information System and present all types of spatial or geographical data (United
(GIS) Nations).
Good Governance Maximum participation of people in decision-making is
mainstreamed across the sectors covered by this plan. Good
governance includes keeping peace, order, and safety.
Government Financial These refer to financial institutions or corporations in which the
Institutions (GFIs) government directly or indirectly owns most of the capital stock
(RA No. 10149).
Green Economy An economy that is low-carbon and resource-efficient, resulting in
the generation of green jobs and improved human well-being and
social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and
ecological scarcities (RA No. 10771).
Glossary
406
Green Jobs Jobs that help to protect ecosystems and biodiversity, reduce energy,
materials, and water consumption through high-efficiency
strategies, decarbonize the economy, and minimize or altogether
avoid the generation of all forms of waste and pollution. green jobs
are decent and productive jobs, that respect the rights of workers,
deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social
protection for families, and promote social dialogue (RA No.
10771).
Green Technology Green technology or environmental technology means using science
and technology to protect the world’s natural resources and mitigate
the negative environmental impact of human activity.
Gross Regional The aggregate gross value added of all resident producer units in the
Domestic Product region. This includes regional estimates on the three major sectors
(GRDP) including their sub-sectors namely: 1) Agriculture, Fishery, and
Forestry Sector; 2) Industry Sector (Mining and Quarrying,
Manufacturing, Construction, Electricity, Water); 3) Service Sector
(Transport, Communication, Storage, Trade, Finance, Ownership of
Dwellings and Real Estate, Private or Government Services) (PSA,
n.d., cited from NEDA, 2017).
Harmonized Gender A standard tool in gender mainstreaming that has checklists to
and Development assess the level of gender responsiveness of the design,
Guidelines (HGDG) implementation, management, monitoring, and evaluation of
programs and projects (PCW, 2022).
Harmonized Regional Serves as a guide for the prioritization of research programs and
Research and projects that will be pursued by the country to address societal
Development Agenda needs. It directs and ensures anew that the results of science,
(HRRDA) technology, and innovation endeavors are geared toward and
utilized in areas of maximum economic and social benefit for the
people.
Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition
that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.
Human Capital Consists of the knowledge, skills, and health that people invest in
and accumulate throughout their lives, enabling them to realize
their potential as productive members of society.
Indigenous Peoples A group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-
(IP/IPs) ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as
an organized community on communally bounded and defined
territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time
immemorial, occupied, possessed, and utilized such territories,
sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions, and other
distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to
Glossary
407
political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous
religions, and cultures, became historically differentiated from the
majority of Filipinos (RA No. 8371).
Industrial-2 (I2-Z) Land use intended for medium-intensity manufacturing. This
includes canning plants, rice, flour or corn mills, animal feed mills,
medicine and pharmaceutical manufacturers, metal and plastic
furniture manufacturers, garment and textile factories, cigar and
cigarette factories, vehicle manufacturers, shipyards, hangars,
warehouses for hazardous and polluting goods, and large
slaughterhouses. The maximum building height is 21 meters.
Infant mortality rate The probability of dying between birth and age one is expressed as
the number of infant deaths or deaths occurring before reaching 12
months of life in a period per 1,000 live births.
Inflation rate The annual rate of change or the year-on-year change in the
Consumer Price Index (NSCB Resolution No. 11 Series of 2003).
Informal Settler This referrers household living in a lot, whether private or public,
Families (ISF) without the consent of the property owner; those without legal claim
over the property they are occupying; or those living in dangerous
areas such as stereos, railroad tracks, garbage dumps, riverbanks,
shorelines, and waterways (RA No. 11201).
Information and An umbrella term that covers all technical means for processing and
Communication communicating information. It defines a broad range of
Technology (ICT) technologies, including methods for communication
(communication protocols, transmission techniques,
communications equipment, media communication), as well as
techniques for storing and processing information (computing, data
storage, etc.) (NEDA, 2017).
Integrity Management An anti-corruption program of the government aims to establish a
Program systematic approach to building, improving, reinforcing, and
sustaining a culture of integrity in public sector institutions that are
rooted in acceptable values, principles, and standards of good
governance (Office of the President and Office of the Ombudsman,
n.d.).
Intellectual Property Creations of the mind, such as scientific and technological
inventions (patent/utility model); literary and artistic works
(copyright); designs (industrial design); and symbols, names, and
images used in commerce (trademark).
Intermodal transport Intermodal, or multimodal, services include more than one mode of
transportation and often require connections, choices, and
coordination between various modes.
Justice Sector An inter-agency body composed of the Judiciary, the Department of
Coordinating Council Justice, the Department of the Interior and Local Government, and
Glossary
408
(JSCC) their relevant attached agencies, which serves as a joint forum for
dialogue on issues of common interest and mechanism for effective
coordination and sharing of information for planning and
implementation of joint initiatives.
Justice Zone An area or locality where a minimum number of inter-agency
coordinative reforms are present, rendering that area or locality
compliant based on the selection and rating criteria to be established
by the JSCC.
Katarungang A system of dispute resolution instituted in all barangays in the
Pambarangay Philippines that seeks to promote, among others, the speedy
administration of justice, by providing all avenues to an amicable
settlement of community-level disputes.
Labor Force Refers to the population 15 years old and over who contribute to the
production of goods and services in the country. It comprises the
employed and unemployed (LFS Technical Notes, PSA).
Labor Force The proportion of the total labor force to the total household
Participation Rate population 15 years and over (LFS Technical Notes, PSA).
(LFPR)
Listahanan The National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction or
Listahanan is an information management system that identifies
who and where the poor are nationwide (DSWD Listahanan info
kit, n.d.).
Local Climate Change An action plan formulated by the LGUs to address climate change
Action Plan (LCCAP) concerns. The LCCAP focuses on both climate change adaptation
and mitigation and describes how LGUs plan to respond to climate
change and mainstream such into local development plans (DILG-
LGA, 2017).
Local Shelter Plans A document that defines the present and projected needs, gaps, and
(LSP) issues on local housing vis-à-vis the projected population, resources
required, affordability analysis, goals and objectives, strategies,
interventions, and implementation plan of the local housing
program (NEDA, 2017).
Lupong A peace-making body organized in every barangay to administer
Tagapamayapa Katarungang Pambarangay and composed of the punong barangay
as chairman, with a minimum of ten and a maximum of 20
members.
Malnutrition Deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a person's intake of protein,
energy (carbohydrates and fats), and/or nutrients covering both
undernutrition which includes suboptimal breastfeeding, stunting,
wasting or thinness, underweight and micronutrient deficiencies, or
insufficiencies, as well as over-nutrition, which includes overweight
and obesity (RA 11148).
Glossary
409
Maternal health The health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the
postnatal period.
Micro, Small, and This refers to any business activity or enterprise engaged in
Medium Enterprises industry, agribusiness, and/or services that have: (a) an asset size
(MSME) (less land) of up to PHP100 million; and (b) an employment size
with less than 200 employees.
Micro-credentials Micro-credentials are typically focused on a specific set of learning
outcomes in a narrow field of learning and are achieved over a
shorter period.
Microfinance This refers to a broad range of financial services such as deposits,
loans, payment services, money transfers, and insurance to poor and
low-income households, generally for their microenterprises and
small businesses (BSP, 2013).
Microinsurance Operates the same as conventional insurance except that it is
targeted at low-income households, specifically the working poor
(NAIC, 2022).
Mitigation In the context of climate change, mitigation refers to human
intervention to address anthropogenic emissions by sources and
removals by sinks of all Greenhouse Gasses (GHG), including
ozone-depleting substances and their substitutes (RA No. 9729).
Mortality rate The age-standardized mortality rate is a weighted average of the age-
specific mortality rates per 100 000 persons, where the weights are
the proportions of persons in the corresponding age groups of the
WHO standard population.
National Tax Automatically appropriated and released share of LGUs, aggregately
Allotment (NTA) corresponding to 40 percent of all national taxes based on the
collection of the third fiscal year preceding the current fiscal year.
Formerly known as Internal Revenue Allotment.
National Transport Formulated to help achieve the Transport Vision of a “safe, secure,
Policy reliable, efficient, integrated, intermodal, affordable, cost-effective,
environmentally sustainable, and people-oriented national transport
system that ensures improved quality of life of the people.
Natural Capital Natural capital accounting (NCA) is an umbrella term covering
Accounting efforts to use an accounting framework to provide a systematic way
to measure and report on stocks and flows of natural capital (United
Nations Statistics Division Definition, n.d.).
Neonatal Mortality The number of deaths within the first month of life per 1,000 live
Rate births.
Patent An exclusive right granted for a new, inventive, and useful product.
It can take the form of a new product, process, or technical
improvement to an existing invention.
Glossary
410
Persons Deprived of Includes all persons who are arrested, detained, imprisoned, or
Liberty (PDL) otherwise under the custody of government authorities.
Persons with Persons who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or
Disability (PWD) sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may
hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal
basis with others (IRR of R.A. 10524).
Philippine A single national identification system for all citizens and resident
Identification System aliens of the Republic of the Philippines (RA 11055, 2018).
(PhilSys)
PM 10 Particulate Matter (PM) with diameters less than 10 micrometers
(RA No. 8749, 1991).
PM 2.5 PM with diameters less than 2.5 (RA No. 8749, 1991).
Preliminary An inquiry or proceeding to determine whether there is sufficient

investigation ground to engender a well-founded belief that a crime has been
committed and the respondent is probably guilty thereof and should
be held for trial.
Primary health care A whole-of-society approach that aims to ensure the highest
possible level of health and well-being through the equitable delivery
of quality health services.
Regional Inclusive A network of innovation agents that collaborate to commercialize
Innovation Centers market-oriented research toward the competitiveness of the region,
(RIIC) which aims to generate better employment opportunities, more
entrepreneurial activities, and sustainable economic prosperity in
the country's regions (Department of Trade and Industry).
Renewable Energy Renewable energy is energy derived from natural sources that are
(RE) replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed. Sunlight and
wind, for example, are such sources that are constantly being
replenished. Renewable energy sources are plentiful and all around
us.
Residential-1 (R1-Z) Land intended for low-rise, low-density single-family housing,
including subdivisions, duplexes, and single-detached dwellings.
Additionally, allowed are sari-sari shops, home-based cottage
industries, daycare centers, primary schools, tutoring services,
houses of worship, barangay halls, and neighborhood health clinics.
A building may have three floors and a maximum height of ten
meters.
Residential-2 (R2-Z) Land intended for multi-family, low-rise buildings with a medium
density. Up to five floors and 15 meters in height are allowed for
buildings. Apartments, boarding houses, dorms, high schools,
technical institutions, museums, and libraries are all legal uses in R-
1 zones.
Glossary
411
Residential-4 (R4-Z) Land intended for townhouses. Buildings can be up to three stories
and a height of 10 meters (33 ft) All uses in R-1 and R-2 zones are
permitted.
Resiliency or resilience The capacity of social, economic, and environmental systems to
cope with a hazardous event or trend disturbance, responding, or
reorganizing in ways that maintain their essential function, identity,
and structure, while also maintaining the capacity for adaptation,
learning, and transformation (IPCC, 2014).
Ridge-to-reef The Ridge to Reef (R2R) approach is a ‘‘whole-of-ecosystem’ or
framework integrated management approach for freshwater and coastal area
management emphasizing the inter-connections between the
natural and social systems from the mountain ‘ridges’, through
coastal watersheds and habitats, and across coastal lagoons to the
fringing ‘reef’ environments.
Rule of Law A principle of governance in which all persons, institutions, and
entities, public and private, including the state itself, are accountable
to laws.
Science and Encompasses any kind of high-technology cluster run by an
Technology Parks organization managed by specialized professionals whose main aim
is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting the culture
of innovation and the competitiveness of its associated businesses
and knowledge-based institution (Senate Bill No. 1944).
Sex-disaggregated The statistical information that differentiates between women and
data (SDD) women and allows one to see where the gaps are in their position or
condition (Gender dictionary) or statistical information that
differentiates between men and women to allow differential impacts
on men and women to be measured.
Shocks A disturbance causing instability, harm, or damage.
Social Insurance Social Insurance are contributory and non-contributory based

schemes protecting households from the lifecycle and health-related
risks. Examples include life and health insurance, crop insurance,
pensions, and retirement benefits.
Stunting Chronic undernutrition during the most critical periods of growth
and development in early life. It is defined as the percentage of
children aged zero to 59 months whose height for age is below
minus two Standard Deviation (SD) (moderate stunting) and minus
three SD (severe stunting) from the median of the WHO Child
Growth Standards (RA 11148).
Subsistence incidence The proportion of families/individuals with per capita
income/expenditure is less than the per capita food threshold to the
total number of families/individuals (NSCB Resolution No. 2 Series
Glossary
412
of 2007).
Sustainable Financing The process of taking due account of environmental, social, and
governance (ESG) considerations when making investment
decisions in the financial sector, leads to increased longer-term
investments into sustainable economic activities and projects
(World Bank, 2021).
Sustainable Tourism Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic,
social, and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors,
the industry, the environment, and host communities.
Underemployed Refers to the employed persons who express the desire to have
additional hours of work in their present job or an additional job or
have a new job with longer working hours (LFS Technical Notes,
PSA).
Under-five mortality The probability of dying between birth and age five expressed as the
rate number of deaths below age five per 1,000 live births during a given
period.
Unemployed Unemployed are persons in the labor force who are reported as (1)
without work, (2) currently available for work; and (3) seeking work
or not seeking work because of the belief that no work is available,
or awaiting results of previous job application, or because of
temporary illness or disability, bad weather or waiting for rehire or
job recall.
Unemployment Rate The proportion of unemployed persons to the total labor force (LFS
Technical Notes, PSA).
Universal Health Care The UHC refers to a conceptual framework based on the WHO's
(UHC) three dimensions of universal health coverage: population coverage,
service coverage, and financial coverage.
Utility Model An exclusive right is granted for an invention, but it does not
require the condition of the involvement of an inventive step to be
protected.
Utilities, Land area set aside for transportation, utilities, and other public
transportation, and services. Large complexes for various public services, ports, airports,
services (UTS-Z) power plants, landfills and waste management facilities, bus and
train terminals, and telecommunications facilities are examples of
permitted applications. The maximum height of a building is 15
meters.
Venture capital A form of private equity and a type of financing that investors
provide to startup companies and small businesses that are believed
to have long-term growth potential.
Violence against Any act or a series of acts committed by any person against a
women and their woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom
Glossary
413
children (VAWC) the person has had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he
has a common child, or against her child whether legitimate or
illegitimate, with or without the family abode, which result in or is
likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering,
or economic abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault,
coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty (RA 9262).
Wasting A reduction or loss of body weight about height (World Health
Organization, 2014).
Whole-of-Society An approach requires the private sector, and members of the society
to work together with the government agencies to comply with the
principles and values of the society.
Water Quality Designated areas with similar hydrological, hydrogeological,
Management Areas meteorological, or geographic conditions that affect the
(WQMA) physicochemical, biological, and bacteriological reactions and
diffusions of pollutants in the water bodies, or otherwise share a
common interest or face similar development programs, prospects,
or problems (RA No. 9275, 2004).
Glossary
414
RDP of Region 1
Organizational
Set-up
Regional Development Council-1 (RDC-1) Members
Chairperson
Governor Matthew J. Marcos Manotoc
Province of Ilocos Norte
Co-Chairperson
Ms. Mary Jane C. Ortega
Private Sector Representative
Vice-Chairperson
Regional Director Nestor G. Rillon
National Economic and Development Authority-1 (NEDA-1)
Secretary
Assistant Regional Director Irenea B. Ubungen
National Economic and Development Authority-1 (NEDA-1)
Members
Local Government Units
Governor Jeremias C. Singson Mayor Leopoldo N. Bataoil

Provincial Government of Ilocos Sur LMP – Pangasinan (Lingayen)
Governor Raphaelle Veronica A. Ortega- Mayor Art Bryan C. Celeste

David Alaminos City, Pangasinan
Provincial Government of La Union
Mayor Albert D. Chua
Governor Ramon V. Guico III Batac City, Ilocos Norte
Provincial Government of Pangasinan
Mayor Eric D. Singson
Mayor Joefrey P. Saguid Candon City, Ilocos Sur
LMP – Ilocos Norte (Dingras)
Mayor Belen T. Fernandez
Mayor Germelina S. Goulart Dagupan City, Pangasinan
LMP – Ilocos Sur (Caoayan)
Mayor Michael M. Keon
Mayor Aleli Concepcion Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
LMP – La Union (Balaoan)
Mayor Julier C. Resuello
RDP Organization Set-up

419
Mayor Hermenegildo A. Gualberto
San Fernando City, La Union Mayor Jose Bonito C. Singson Jr.
Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
Mayor Julio F. Parayno III
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Private Sector Representatives
Mr. Larry Cabatic Mr. Carl Martos

Governance Sector Governance Sector
Ms. Divina Quemi Ms. Evelina Tan

Economic Sector Basic Sector
Mr. Romulus Arcano Mr. Arnel Nicdao

Economic Sector Labor Sector
Mr. John Kambiak Chan Jr. Ms. Maria Ang

Social Sector Province of Ilocos Norte
Mr. Tommy Valdez Mr. Michael Mahor

Environment Sector Province of Ilocos Sur
Mr. Dwayne Gaius Japson Mr. Eduardo Regala

Infrastructure Sector Province of La Union
Mr. Racky Doctor

Province of Pangasinan
Regional Line Agencies
Regional Director Noel Q. Malimban Regional Executive Director Annie Q.

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Bares
Department of Agriculture – 1 (DA-1)
OIC - Regional Director Danilo Bose
Commission on Higher Education – 1 Regional Director Ma. Ana B. Francisco
(CHED-1) Department of Agrarian Reform – 1
(DAR-1)

420
Regional Director Ria Bansigan
Department of Budget and Management – 1 OIC – Regional Director Teresita A.
(DBM-1) Tabaog
Department of Science and Technology – 1
Regional Director Crizaldy M. Barcelo (DOST-1)
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources – 1 (DENR-1) Regional Director Joseph Francisco R.
Ortega
Regional Director Tolentino G. Aquino Department of Tourism – 1 (DOT-1)
Department of Education – 1 (DepEd-1)
Regional Director Ronnel M. Tan
Acting Head of the Consular Office John Department of Public Works and Highways
Dick B. Ayco -1 (DPWH-1)
Department of Foreign Affairs -1 (DFA-1)
Regional Director Marie Angela S.
OIC – Regional Director Rey M. Parnacio Gopalan
Department of Information and Department of Social Welfare and
Communications Technology – 1 (DICT-1) Development – 1 (DSWD-1)
OIC – Regional Director Agnes A. De Leon Regional Director Grace Falgui-Baluyan

Department of Interior and Local Department of Trade and Industry – 1
Government – 1 (DILG-1) (DTI-1)
Director Renante M. Sevilla Regional Director Richard Venancio F.

Department of Energy - Luzon Field Office Ziga
(DOE-LFO) Department of Human Settlements and
Urban Development (DHSUD)
Regional Director Peter Paul D. Baluyan
Department of Finance-Bureau of Local Ms. Julieta B. Castaňeras
Government Finance – 1 (DOF-BLGF) Presidential Management Staff (PMS)
Regional Director Paula Paz Sydiongco Engr. Marieta G. Odicta

Department of Health Center for Health and Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
Development – 1 (DOH CHD-1)
Regional Director Vincent Aljon A. Cifra
Regional Director Exequiel Ronie A. Technical Education and Skills Development
Guzman Authority – 1 (TESDA-1)
Department of Labor and Employment – 1
(DOLE-1)

421
Regional Director Frederick Joe Robles
Cooperative Development Authority – 1
(CDA-1)
Special Non-Voting Members
Regional Director Rosario Segundina Regional Director Mildred Abordo

Gaerlan National Intelligence Coordinating Agency
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources – – 1 (NICA-1)
1 (BFAR-1)
Director Eugene G. Cabrera
Regional Director Harold D. Office of Civil Defense (OCD-1)
Kub-aron
Commission on Human Rights – 1 (CHR-1) President Edwin F. Cadorna
Philippine Association of State Universities
Manager Maria Dolores Guevara and Colleges – 1 (PASUC-1)
Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP)
Zone Administrator Emmanuel D. Cortero
Regional Director George Aplas D. Daskeo Philippine Economic Zone Authority –
National Police Commission – 1 Baguio (PEZA-Baguio)
(NAPOLCOM-1)
PBGEN John C. Chua
Executive Director Oscar G. Casaysay Philippine National Police – 1 (PNP-1)
National Commission for Culture and the
Arts (NCCA) Regional Director Jennilyne C. Role
Philippine Information Authority – 1
Regional Director Harriet N. Abyadang (PIA-1)
National Commission on Indigenous
Peoples – 1 (NCIP-1) Atty. Felix S. Racadio
Poro Point Management Corporation
(PPMC)

422
Technical Planning Committees (TPCs)
TPC ON SOCIAL TPC ON GOVERNANCE
DEVELOPMENT (CHAPTERS 12, 14 AND 15)
(CHAPTERS 4, 5 AND 6.2) Chairperson: DILG-1
Chairperson: DepEd-1 Co-Chairperson: NEDA-1
Co-Chairperson: NEDA-1
Member Agencies:
Member Agencies: AFP-NOLCOM
CHED-1 BIR-1
DHSUD-1 BJMP-1
DOH-1 CHR-1
DOLE-1 CSC-1
DOST-1 DBM-1
DSWD-1 DOF-BLGF-1
NNC-1 DOJ-PPA-1
OWWA-1 DOST-1
POPCOM-1 NCIP-1
TESDA-1 PIA-1
PASUC PNP-PPRO-1
PSA-1
TPC ON ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT TPC ON INFRASTRUCTURE
(CHAPTERS 6.1, 7, 8, 9, 10 AND UTILITIES
AND 11) (CHAPTER 13)
Chairperson: DA-1
Chairperson: DPWH-1
Member Agencies:
Member Agencies:
BFAR-1
CAAP-1
BSP – North Luzon
DICT-1
CDA-1
DOTr
DOE-Luzon Field Office
DOST-1
DOT-1
LTFRB-1
DOST-1
NEA-1
DTI-1
NIA-1
FDA
PPA-1
SEC

423
TPC ON ENVIRONMENT AND LTO
NATURAL RESOURCES NNC
(CHAPTER 16) OCD
Chairperson: DENR-1 PNP
Co-Chairperson: NEDA-1 PSA
PG-IN
Member Agencies: PG-IS
BFAR-1 PG-LU
DOST-1 PG-Pang
PHILVOLCS PSU
PAGASA-North Luzon UNP
MMSU
TECHNICAL WORKING DMMMSU
GROUP ON GENDER AND
DEVELOPMENT (GAD),
GOOD GOVERNANCE, AND
HUMAN RIGHTS
TWG Chairperson: CHR-1
Member Agencies:
BLGF
CHED
DA
DBM
DepEd
DENR
DHSUD
DILG
DOH
DOLE
DOT
DPWH
DOST
DSWD

424
Overall Plan Secretariat
Nestor G. Rillon, Regional Director
Irenea B. Ubungen, Assistant Regional Director
Racquel T. Atawe, Chief Economic Development Specialist, Policy Formulation and Planning Division
(PFPD)
NEDA Chapter Focals

Chapter 1- Introduction Chapter 6.2- Strengthen Social
Lead- Richard Mel P. Caplis Protection
Racquel T. Atawe Lead- Charmaine G. Yusongco
Yehlen I. Yangat
Chapter 2- Regional Spatial
Development Framework Chapter 7- Modernize Agriculture
Lead- Richard Mel P. Caplis and Agribusiness
Myla D. Jucar Lead- Mayanne E. Flores
Blessmelord Emir C. Gacutan Mary Ann D. Virtudes
Alvi Diana P. Poliquit Legriv Vilee I. Marquez
John Chester E. Erestingcol
Chapter 8- Revitalize Industry
Chapter 3- RDP 2023-2028 Lead- Legriv Vilee I. Marquez
Strategy Framework Vida Karna D. Bacani
Lead- Richard Mel Caplis
Racquel T. Atawe Chapter 9- Reinvigorate Services
Lead- Legriv Vilee I. Marquez
Chapter 4- Promote Human Capital Vida Karna D. Bacani
and Social Development
Lead- Charmaine G. Yusongco Chapter 10- Advance Research and
Yehlen I. Yangat Development, Technology, and
Richard Mel P. Caplis Innovation
Lead- Ma. Cristina G. Cariño-Dysico
Chapter 5- Increase Income- Vida Karna D. Bacani
earning Ability Legriv Vilee I. Marquez
Lead- Legriv Vilee I. Marquez
Mary Ann D. Virtudes Chapter 11- Promote Trade and
Vida Karna D. Bacani Investments
Charmaine G. Yusongco Lead- Fatima Ross E. Perez
Vida Karna D. Bacani
Chapter 6.1- Reduce Vulnerabilities Mary Ann D. Virtudes
and Protect Purchasing Power
Lead- Legriv Vilee I. Marquez Chapter 12- Promote Financial
Vida Karna D. Bacani Inclusion and Improve Public
Mary Ann D. Virtudes Financial Management
Lead- Mariz Dafnae H. Mendoza

425
Chapter 13- Expand and Upgrade Lead- Racquel T. Atawe
Infrastructure Arleah Joice C. Bañaga
Lead- Richard M. Rivera
Jeremiah Chor D. Miranda Chapter 17- Plan Evaluation,
Richard Mel P. Caplis Monitoring, and Evaluation
Lead- Racquel T. Atawe
Chapter 14- Ensure Peace and
Security and Enhance Results Matrices
Administration of Justice Lead- Alvi Diana P. Poliquit
Lead- Mariz Dafnae H. Mendoza Racquel T. Atawe
Arleah Joice C. Bañaga Vida Karna D. Bacani
Mariz Dafnae H. Mendoza
Chapter 15- Practice Good Richard Mel P. Caplis
Governance and Improve Charmaine G. Yusongco
Bureaucratic and Regulatory
Legriv Vilee I. Marquez
Efficiency
Lead- Mariz Dafnae H. Mendoza
Glossary and Acronyms
Lead- May Ann D. Marquez
Maureen M. Baldoz
Chapter 16- Accelerate Climate
Action and Strengthen Disaster
Resilience
Editorial Team
John F. Gagucas, Supervising Economic Development Specialist, Development Research, Communication,
and Advocacy Division (DRCAD)
Mary Ann D. Virtudes, Senior Economic Development Specialist, Monitoring and Evaluation Division
(MED)
Layout Team
Rey B. Ferreria, Chief Economic Development Specialist, Development Research, Communication, and
Advocacy Division (DRCAD)
Gewel Kate E. Supsup
Mellen M. Borja
Charmaine G. Yusongco
Allan Ernest F. Oliva
Myla D. Jucar

426
Regional Development Plan 2023-2028 of
Region 1
Published by:
National Economic and Development Authority

Regional Office 1
Guerrero Road, San Fernando, La Union, Philippines 2500
Trunkline: (072) 888-5501, 888-2679 to 80

Email: nrol@neda.gov.ph
Website: ilocos.neda.gov.ph
f nedaregionl

Regional Development Plan 2023-2028

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Regional Development Plan 2023-2028

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Enhanced Ilocos

Regional Development Plan

Chapter 2 Regional Spatial Development Framework 23

Chapter 3 RDP 2023-2028 Strategic Framework 55

Part II DEVELOP AND PROTECT CAPABILITIES OF

Sub-Chapter 4.2: Improve Education and Lifelong Learning 89

Sub-Chapter 4.3: Establish Livable Communities 101

Chapter 5 Increase Income-earning Ability 119

Sub-Chapter 6.2: Strengthen Social Protection 155

Part III TRANSFORM PRODUCTION SECTORS TO GENERATE

Chapter 8 Revitalize Industry 193

Chapter 9 Reinvigorate Services 211

Chapter 10 Advance Research and Development, Technology

Part IV ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 14 Ensure Peace and Security and Enhance

Subchapter 14.2: Enhance Administration of Justice

Chapter 16 Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen

Part V TRANSFORM PRODUCTION SECTORS TO GENERATE

The second medium-term plan of Ambisyon

The RDP 2023-2028 of Region 1 seeks to

Region 1’s contribution to the economic and

Moving forward, the region’s vision tagline for

Through this Regional Development Plan (RDP)

Our measures will ensure that the country gets

By 2028, we envision the Ilocos Region to

To this end, RDC-1 will strengthen its

We urge the Local Government Units to develop

We express our deepest appreciation to all those

HON. MATTHEW J. MARCOS MANOTOC

The formulation of the PDP 2023-2028 took place

In the short term, these challenges include

In turn, the Regional Development Plans (RDPs)

President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. has

I thank the Regional Development Council

Finally, we call for the cooperation of our LGUs,

Overview of the Regional

The Region 1’s Contribution to the Economic

… that focuses on individuals and families…

…enabled by good governance, sound

…as anchored in the vision of the peoples in

COVID-19 Cases and Treatment Facilities

Source: DOH COVID-19 Tracker (https://www.doh.gov.ph/covid19tracker)

Regional Spatial Development

The Regional Spatial Strategy

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Table 2.1. Land Area by Province, Region 1

Region 1 12,964.62 100

Ilocos Norte 3,418.75 26

Ilocos Sur 2,596.00 20

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

The region’s land is predominantly Build-up areas are relatively limited.

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Figure 2.5. Protected Areas Map of Region 1

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Chapter 2: Regional Spatial Development Framework

Figure 2.6. Flood Susceptibility Map of Region 1