Hydrological and Hydraulic Calculations for Bridge at Km 170+186

Hydrology Report for Bridge at Km 170+186

Table of Contents
Sr.No. Description
1 Introduction
2 Codes & References
3 Design Concept / Approach
4 Hydrological Calculation
4.1 Design Discharge
4.2 Empirical Methods
5 Hydraulic Calculation
5.1 Longitudinal Section of River
5.2 Discharge Calculation by Slope-Area Method
5.3 HFL Calculation
5.4 Afflux and Velocity Calculation
5.5 Vertical clearance
6 Scour Calculation
7 Summary
Annexure-1 Catchment Area Map
1. Introduction
The hydrology and hydraulic calculations has been carried out for proposed bridge at
to justify the waterway required for the river crossing the road alignment.

Physical Characteristics of the Catchments and Design Details:

The particulars of the catchment under the study are-
Name of Road/Highway = Dhupdhara Sahar to Milmila R.F-NH-17
Bridge Design/CA CH = 170+186
Name of Nallah / Stream / River = Local Stream
Name and Number of Subzone = Sub-Zone 2(b)

Physiographic Parameters
Catchment Area = 14.60 sq.km.
Length of the Longest Stream = 8.35 km.
Eq. Stream Slope = NA m/km
Length of the Longest Stream from
a point opposite to C.G. = NA km

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 Hydrology Report for Bridge at Km 170+186
2. Codes & References
i. IRC: SP-13: 2004- Guidelines for the design of small bridges & culverts.
ii. IRC: 5:2015- Standard specifications and code of practice for road bridges.
Section - I General Features of Design.
iii. IRC: 89: 2019- Guidelines for design and construction of River training and control works for
road bridges.
iv. IRC: SP-84: 2014- Manual of specifications & standards for four laning of highways through public
private partnership.
v. CWC-Flood Estimation Report (FER) for Sub-Zone 2(b)

3. Design Concept / Approach

The detailed engineering survey has been conducted at proposed bridge location in both upstream and
downstream directions which is helpful to give exact river profile.
The L-section and cross sections of the river are generated at all required locations including at bridge
site upstream and downstream directions with the help of survey data.
30m, SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (from https://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/bhuvan_links.php of ISRO) -
to analyze the river catchment characteristics (Catchment area, River Length, Slope, Centroidal Length)
in GIS Ptaleform.
Catchment area attached in the Annexure-1.
Discharge has been calculated using :
(i) Empirical Formula
(ii) Rational method
(iii) Slope-Area method
The higher discharge out of these methods is used.

The hydrological and hydraulic calculation for proposed bridge has been done for 100 year return period.

Detailed hydrological and hydraulic calculations have been done on subsequent pages.
4 Hydrological Calculation

4.1 Design Discharge

A) Dicken's Formula = 120 cumecs
B) Rational Method = 63 cumecs
C) Ryve's Formula = 60 cumecs
D) 1.5 times of 2nd Highest = 179 cumecs

Adopted Design Discharge = 120 cumecs

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 Hydrology Report for Bridge at Km 170+186
4.2 Empirical Methods

Dicken's Formula Q = CA^(3/4)

A 14.60 Km2
C = 16 For 1800mm Annual Rainfall
Q 120 Cumecs

Ryve's Formula Q = CA^(2/3)

A 14.60 Km2
C = 10
Q 60 Cumecs

Rational method
Catchment Area, A = 14.60 Km2 = 1460 Hectares
Length of longest stream = 8.4 Km
Height, H = 8m
(0.87*L3/H)0.385
Time of Concentration by SP-13 formula =
tc = 4.94 Hours
=
100 years Return period rainfall for 24 hours = 320 mm

From code SP 13 Intensity of rainfall, Ic = 5.61 cm/hr

From code SP 13 ' f ' Curve, Spread factor ' f '

= 0.92

Permeability Co-efficient as per terrain condition, P

= 0.3

Design discharge, Q100 = 0.0278PfAIc Cumecs

= 63 Cumecs

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5. Hydraulic Calculation
5.1 Longitudinal Section of River
Dist., Level,
SN
(m) (m)
1 0.0 41.358
2 20.0 41.544
3 36.3 41.392
4 61.2 41.975
5 81.0 41.507
6 116.0 41.600
7 140.0 41.454
8 168.5 41.940
9 187.5 41.229
10 211.1 41.113
11 230.0 41.546

L- S O F RI VE R y = -0.0005x + 41.575
R² = 0.0264
43.000
LEVEL, M

42.000

41.000
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0 220.0 240.0
DISTANCE, M

River bed slope = 0.0005 m/m

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5.2 Discharge Calculation by Slope-Area Method
Manning's Formula
Velocity = (1/n) R2/3S0.5 m/s
where,
n = Rugosity co-efficient
R = Hydraulic mean depth in m, equal to ratio of c/s area (A) to wetted perimeter (P)
S = Bed slope ,measured over a reasonbly long distance
Discharge, Q AV= m3/s
CROSS SECTION AT BRIDGE C/L
LBL = 41.232 m
HFL = 46.550 m
Avg. Diff. in
Offset Bed Level Dist. Height A P n value
height height
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m2) (m)
0.0 45.611 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12.6 45.450 12.58 1.10 1.02 0.16 12.83 12.58
18.5 45.200 5.96 1.35 1.22 0.25 7.30 5.96
23.5 43.560 4.93 2.99 2.17 1.64 10.71 5.20
26.9 42.420 3.44 4.13 3.56 1.14 12.24 3.62
31.0 41.975 4.08 4.58 4.35 0.45 17.77 4.11
35.3 41.232 4.28 5.32 4.95 0.74 21.16 4.34
44.1 41.356 8.80 5.19 5.26 0.12 46.25 8.80
53.8 45.956 9.75 0.59 2.89 4.60 28.21 10.78
58.2 45.833 4.34 0.72 0.66 0.12 2.84 4.34
68.1 45.908 9.96 0.64 0.68 0.08 6.77 9.96
Sum 166.1 69.7
R, m 2.38 m (Hyd. Radius)
n 0.040 Weighted Avg.
K 7407.7
S 0.0005 Bed Slope
V 1.00 m/s, Flow Velocity

Q 165.6 cumecs, (Discharge)

Series3 Series5
47.0
46.0
45.0
Level, m

44.0
43.0
42.0
41.0
40.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Distance, m

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5.3 HFL Calculation
HFL for 100 years flood
Manning's Formula
Velocity = (1/n) R2/3S0.5 m/s
where,
n = Rugosity co-efficient
R = Hydraulic mean depth in m, equal to ratio of c/s area (A) to wetted perimeter (P)
S = Bed slope ,measured over a reasonbly long distance
Discharge, Q AV= m3/s
CROSS SECTION AT BRIDGE C/L
LBL = 41.232 m Q-100 Year = 166 cumecs
HFL = 46.550 m
Avg. Diff. in
Offset Bed Level Dist. Height A P n value
height height
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m2) (m)
0.0 45.611 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12.6 45.450 12.58 1.10 1.02 0.16 12.83 12.58
18.5 45.200 5.96 1.35 1.22 0.25 7.30 5.96
23.5 43.560 4.93 2.99 2.17 1.64 10.71 5.20
26.9 42.420 3.44 4.13 3.56 1.14 12.24 3.62
31.0 41.975 4.08 4.58 4.35 0.45 17.77 4.11
35.3 41.232 4.28 5.32 4.95 0.74 21.16 4.34
44.1 41.356 8.80 5.19 5.26 0.12 46.25 8.80
53.8 45.956 9.75 0.59 2.89 4.60 28.21 10.78
58.2 45.833 4.34 0.72 0.66 0.12 2.84 4.34
68.1 45.908 9.96 0.64 0.68 0.08 6.77 9.96
Sum 166.09 69.70
R, m 2.38 m (Hyd. Radius)
W= total width of flow = 68 m n 0.040 Weighted Avg.
K 7408
S 0.0005 Bed Slope
V 1.00 m/s, Flow Velocity

Q 165.6 cumecs, (Discharge)

GL HFL
47.0 HFL_100 Year Return Period
46.0
45.0
Level, m

44.0
43.0
42.0
41.0
40.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Distance, m

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5.4 Afflux and Velocity Calculation
Afflux by Molesworth Formulae
Afflux, h= ( ( v2 / 17.88 ) + 0.015) ( ( A / A1 )2 - 1 )
Where,
V1 Averge velocity of river prior to obstruction in m/s = 1.00
A Unobstructed sectional area of river in sq. m = 166.09
Bridge opening area, in sq. m. = 138.64
A1 Obstructed sectional area of river in sq. m = 134.64
h Afflux in m = 0.037
V1 Velocity after obstruction (Through bridge) = 1.23 m/sec

Afflux by Orifice Formula

C0 0.89
L 37.0 m
L/W 0.54
Q= 166.0 m3/s Dd 2.44 m
e 1.02
Dd/4 = 0.6106 m h 0.115 m
Afflux calculated with orifice formula is OK, Afflux by weir formula is not require.

Afflux by Weir Formula

As per IRC-SP-13; 15.4 (2)
The Weir Formula applies only when a standing wave is formed, i.e., when the afflux
(h = Du - Dd) is not less than 1/4 Dd .

Adopted afflux = 0.115 m

Affluxed HFL = 46.665 m
Adopted HFL for Bridge = 46.665 m
5.5 Vertical clearance As per IRC-SP-13-2004, 12.3, Table 12.1
Peak Design Discharge Q = 166 m3/s
Vertical clearance = 0.9 m
Minimum Soffit Level of Superstructure (HFL + Afflux + Vertical Clearance) = 47.565 m

6.0 Scour Calculation

Q100 = 166 Cumec
Q for Scour (1.30*Q100)= 215 Cumec
Silt Factor= 0.9 Refer Geo-Tech Report

Provided Clear Waterway (m) = 37.0

Lacey's Waterway (m) = 61.8
Unit Discharge (Db)= 5.82
Normal Scour (m, below HFL)=dsm 4.49
Maximum Scour under Pier (m, below HFL)= 8.980
Maximum Scour under Abutment (m, below HFL)= 5.702

RL (m) of HFL= 46.665

RL (m) of scoured Bed below Pier= 37.685
RL (m) of scoured Bed below Abutment= 40.962
Max Depth of scour under Pier below deepest bed (m)= 3.5
Max Depth of scour under Abutment below deepest bed
0.3
(m)=

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7.0 Summary

Summary

Cross Section followed for bridge Point = C/L m of Survey data

Deepest Bed Level = 41.232 m
Clear Waterway available between abutments = 37.0 m
Deck Top Level of Existing Bridge = 50.661 m
HFL information received from local enquiry = 46.550 m

Discharge Calculation
Catchment Area = 14.60 Sq. Km
Discharge -
Discharge by Rational Formula (Q100) = 63 m3/s
Discharge by Dicken's Formula = 120 m3/s
Discharge by Ryve's Formula = 60 m3/s
Discharge by Slope-Area Method = 166 m3/s

Adopted Discharge
For Clear Waterway = 166 m3/s
For Fixing HFL = 166 m3/s
For Estimation of Scour = 215 m3/s

Adopted Hydraulic Parameters for Proposed Bridge

Clear Waterway in square direction = 37.0 m
High Flood Level (HFL) = 46.665 m
Velocity at Bridge = 1.23 m/s
Vertical clearance = 0.90 m
Minimum Soffit Level of Superstructure = 47.565 m

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 Annexure - 1: Catchment Area Map at Bridge Location

Google Earth Image Showing Catchment Area at Bridge Location