2017 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）

２０１７年１２月大学英语四级考试真题（第２套）

Ｐａｒｔ
Part IＩ Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
Writing (30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
（３０ minutes)
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions: Ｆｏｒ
For ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｒｔ，you
this part, ｙｏｕ are
ａｒｅ allowed
ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ 30
３０ minutes
ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ toｔｏ write
ｗｒｉｔｅ aａ short
ｓｈｏｒｔessay
ｅｓｓａｙonｏｎhow
ｈｏｗ to
ｔｏ best
ｂｅｓｔ handle
ｈａｎｄｌｅ ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ
relationship
between
ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ teachers
ｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ ａｎｄand students.
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ． ＹｏｕYou
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ ｗｒｉｔｅ
should writeａｔatｌｅａｓｔ １２０ words
least 120 ｗｏｒｄｓ but
ｂｕｔ no
ｎｏ more
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ 180
１８０ words.
ｗｏｒｄｓ．

Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩ
Part II Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Listening Comprehension （２５
(25 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:ＩｎIn ｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ will
section, you ｗｉｌｌ hear
ｈｅａｒ three
ｔｈｒｅｅnews
ｎｅｗｓ reports.
ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ．Ａｔ ｔｈｅ end
At the ｅｎｄ of
ｏｆ each
ｅａｃｈ ｎｅｗｓ
news ｒｅｐｏｒｔ， ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ
report, you ｈｅａｒ two
will hear ｔｗｏ ｏｒor ｔｈｒｅｅ
three
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｂｏｔｈ
questions. Bothｔｈｅ
theｎｅｗｓ
newsｒｅｐｏｒｔ
reportａｎｄ
andｔｈｅ
theｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ spoken
will be ｓｐｏｋｅｎ only
ｏｎｌｙ once.
ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ
After ｙｏｕ
you ｈｅａｒ
hear ａa question,
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ， you
ｙｏｕ must
ｍｕｓｔ choose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ the
ｔｈｅ
ｂｅｓｔ
bestａｎｓｗｅｒ
answerｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓmarked
four choices ｍａｒｋｅｄ A),
Ａ），B),
Ｂ），C)Ｃ）ａｎｄ Ｄ）．Then
and D). Ｔｈｅｎ mark
ｍａｒｋ the
ｔｈｅcorresponding
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter on Answer
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ 1１ with
ｗｉｔｈ
ａ aｓｉｎｇｌｅ
singleｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１ 1ａｎｄand２ 2ａｒｅ
areｂａｓｅｄ
basedｏｎonｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｗｓ
newsｒｅｐｏｒｔ
report ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
１．Ａ）Ｉｔ
1. A) Itｔｒｉｅｓ
triesｔｏtoｅｎｔｅｒｔａｉｎ
entertain ｉｔｓ ａｕｄｉｅｎｃｅ．
its audience. Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｗａｎｔｓ
wantsｔｏto ｃａｔｃｈ
catch ｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
people’s ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ．
attention.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔItｔｒｉｅｓ ｔｏ look
tries to ｌｏｏｋ ｉｎｔｏ ｔｈｅ distance.
into the ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ． Ｄ）D)ＩｔItｈａｓ
hasｇｏｔ
gotｏｎｅ
oneｏｆofｉｔｓ
its limbs injured.
ｌｉｍｂｓ ｉｎｊｕｒｅｄ．
２．Ａ）
2. A)ＩｔIt ｗａｓ
wasｓｐｏｔｔｅｄ
spotted ｂｙ ａｎｉｍａｌ protection
by animal ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎofficials.
ｏｆｆｉａｌｓ． Ｃ）Ｉｔｓ
C) Itsｖｉｄｅｏｓ
videosｗｅｒｅ
wereｐｏｓｔｅｄ
posted ｏｎ
on ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｍｅｄｉａ．
social media.
B) Itｗａｓ
Ｂ）Ｉｔ wasｆｉｌｍｅｄ
filmedｂｙ
byａa ｌｏｃａｌ
local television
ｔｅｌｅｖｉｓｉｏｎreporter. D) Itsｐｉｃｔｕｒｅ
ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｒ．Ｄ）Ｉｔｓ picture ｗｏｎ
wonａa ｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙ
photography ｐｒｉｚｅ．
prize.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions３ 3ａｎｄ
and４ 4ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
basedｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｗｓ
news ｒｅｐｏｒｔ
report ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
３．Ａ）
3. A)Ｔｈｅ
Theｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ
distanceｔｒａｖｅｌｌｅｄ．
travelled. Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅ
Theｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅ
incidenceｏｆofｒｏａｄ
road ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔｓ．
accidents.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
Theｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇ
spending ｏｎ
on ｇａｓ．
gas. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅ
Theｎｕｍｂｅｒ
numberｏｆofｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｔｒａｖｅｌｌｉｎｇ．
travelling.
４．Ａ）
4. A)Ｆｅｗｅｒ
Fewerｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ａｒｅ ｃｏｍｍｕｔｉｎｇ．
are commuting. Ｂ）B)Ｇａｓ
Gasｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ
consumptionｉｓisｓｏａｒｉｎｇ．
soaring.
Ｃ）C)Ｊｏｂ
Jobｇｒｏｗｔｈ
growth ｉｓ
is slowing
ｓｌｏｗｉｎｇ down.
ｄｏｗｎ． Ｄ）D)Ｒｕｓｈ－ｈｏｕｒ
Rush-hourｔｒａｆｆｉｃ
traffic ｉｓ ｗｏｒｓｅｎｉｎｇ．
is worsening.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions５ 5ｔｏto ７7 ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ
are based on ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗｓ ｒｅｐｏｒｔ
the news ｙｏｕ have
report you ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
5. A)ＨｅHe
５．Ａ） toldａ aｓｔｒａｎｇｅｒ
ｔｏｌｄ strangerｔｈｅ
the ｓａｄ
sad ｓｔｏｒｙ
story about
ａｂｏｕｔ himself.
ｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ．
Ｂ）B)ＨｅHeｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helped a strangerｔｏtoｃａｒｒｙ
ａ ｓｔｒａｎｇｅｒ carryｇｒｏｃｅｒｉｅｓ
groceriesｔｏto ｈｉｓ
his ｃａｒ．
car.
Ｃ）C)ＨｅHe went
ｗｅｎｔ ｕｐ up
ｔｏ to
ａ aｓｔｒａｎｇｅｒ
strangerａｎｄ
andｐｕｌｌｅｄ
pulledａｔatｈｉｓ
his ｓｌｅｅｖｅｓ．
sleeves.
Ｄ）D)ＨｅHeｗａｓｈｅｄ
washed a stranger’sｃａｒ
ａ ｓｔｒａｎｇｅｒ＇ｓ carｉｎ
in ｒｅｔｕｒｎ
return for
ｆｏｒsome
ｓｏｍｅ food.
ｆｏｏｄ．
6. A)ＨｅHe
６．Ａ） ordered
ｏｒｄｅｒｅｄ a lotｏｆofｆｏｏｄ
ａ ｌｏｔ foodｆｏｒ
forｈｉｓ
his ｆａｍｉｌｙ．
family.
Ｂ）B)ＨｅHeｇａｖｅ
gaveｈｉｍ
himａ aｊｏｂ
job ａｔ ｈｉｓown
at his ｏｗｎ company.
ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ．
Ｃ）C)ＨｅHeｒａｉｓｅｄ
raisedａa ｌａｒｇｅ ｓｕｍ of
large sum ｏｆ money
ｍｏｎｅｙ ｆｏｒ ｈｉｍ．
for him.
Ｄ）D)ＨｅHeｏｆｆｅｒｅｄ
offeredｈｉｍhimａ aｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｈｉｐ
scholarshipｆｏｒ
for ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ．
college.
7. A)ＨｅHeｗｏｒｋｓ
７．Ａ） works hardｔｏtoｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ
ｈａｒｄ supportｈｉｓ
his ｆａｍｉｌｙ．
family. Ｃ）C)ＨｅHeｉｓisｖｅｒｙ
veryｇｏｏｄ
goodａｔat ｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｕｐupｓｔｏｒｉｅｓ．
stories.
Ｂ）B)ＨｅHeｉｓisａｎanｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔ
excellent ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
student ａｔ
at school.
ｓｃｈｏｏｌ． Ｄ）D)ＨｅHeｈａｓ
hasｂｅｅｎ
beenｄｉｓａｂｌｅｄ
disabled since
ｓｉｎｃｅ boyhood.
ｂｏｙｈｏｏｄ．
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｂ
Section B
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｔｗｏ ｌｏｎｇ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎｓ． Ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｆｏｕｒ
Directions ： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．
questions.Ｂｏｔｈ
Bothｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ
conversation ａｎｄ
and ｔｈｅ
the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｌｌ beｂｅspoken
questions will ｓｐｏｋｅｎ only
ｏｎｌｙ once.
ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ hear
After you ｈｅａｒ aａ question,
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，you
ｙｏｕmust
ｍｕｓｔ choose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ the
ｔｈｅ
best ａｎｓｗｅｒ
ｂｅｓｔ answer ｆｒｏｍ
from ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｕｒ
four choices
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ marked
ｍａｒｋｅｄ A),
Ａ）， B),
Ｂ），C),
Ｃ），and
ａｎｄD).
Ｄ）．Then
Ｔｈｅｎmark
ｍａｒｋthe
ｔｈｅcorresponding
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter on Answer
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ 1１
ｗｉｔｈ
withａ aｓｉｎｇｌｅ
single ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ
line through ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
the centre.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ８
Questions ｔｏ
8 to１１11ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ you
the conversation ｙｏｕ have
ｈａｖｅｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
8. A) Attendedａｎanｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓ
８．Ａ）Ａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄ economicsｌｅｃｔｕｒｅ．
lecture. Ｃ）C)Ｈａｄ
Hadａ aｄｒｉｎｋ
drinkａｔ
at Ｑｕｅｅｎ
QueenＶｉｃｔｏｒｉａ．
Victoria.
Ｂ）B)Ｔａｋｅｎ
Takenａ aｗａｌｋ
walkｏｎonＣｈａｒｌｅｓ
CharlesＳｔｒｅｅｔ．
Street. Ｄ）D)Ｈａｄ
Had dinnerａｔatａa ｎｅｗ
ｄｉｎｎｅｒ newｒｅｓｔａｕｒａｎｔ．
restaurant.
9. A) Treat
９．Ａ）Ｔｒｅａｔ a collegeｆｒｉｅｎｄ
ａ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ friendｔｏto ｄｉｎｎｅｒ．
dinner. Ｃ） Ａｔｔｅｎｄ ｈｉｓ ｂｒｏｔｈｅｒ＇ｓ ｂｉｒｔｈｄａｙ ｐａｒｔｙ．
C) Attend his brother’s birthday party.
Ｂ）B)Ｍａｋｅ
Make preparationsｆｏｒ
ｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｓ for ａa seminar.
ｓｅｍｉｎａｒ． D) Visitｓｏｍｅ
Ｄ）Ｖｉｓｉｔ someｏｆofｈｉｓ
hisｈｉｇｈ
highｓｃｈｏｏｌ
schoolｆｒｉｅｎｄｓ．
friends.

１1
 10. A)Gather
１０．Ａ）Ｇａｔｈｅｒ statisticsｆｏｒ
ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ forｈｉｓ
his ｌｅｃｔｕｒｅ．
lecture. Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｒｏｗ
Throw a surpriseｂｉｒｔｈｄａｙ
ａ ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｅ birthday ｐａｒｔｙ．
party.
Ｃ）C)Ｍｅｅｔ
Meetｗｉｔｈ
withＪｏｎａｔｈａｎ＇ｓ
Jonathan’sｆｒｉｅｎｄｓ
friends on
ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅweekend.
ｗｅｅｋｅｎｄ． Ｄ）D)Ｊｏｉｎ
Joinｈｉｍ
himｉｎinｈｉｓ
hisｂｒｏｔｈｅｒ＇ｓ
brother’s ｂｉｒｔｈｄａｙ
birthday ｃｅｌｅｂｒａｔｉｏｎ．
celebration.
１１．Ａ）Ｂｙ
11. A) Byｃａｒ．
car. Ｂ）B)ＢｙByｔｒａｉｎ．
train. Ｃ）C)ＢｙByｔａｘｉ．
taxi. Ｄ）Ｂｙ
D)Byｂｕｓ．
bus.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１２12ｔｏto１５
15ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ
conversation ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
１２．Ａ）
12. A)Ｔａｋｉｎｇ
Takingａ aｖａｃａｔｉｏｎ
vacation ａｂｒｏａｄ．
abroad. Ｂ）B)Ｒｅｖｉｅｗｉｎｇ
Reviewing ｆｏｒforｈｉｓ
his ｌａｓｔ
last exam.
ｅｘａｍ．
Ｃ）C)Ｓａｖｉｎｇ
Savingｅｎｏｕｇｈ
enoughｍｏｎｅｙ
moneyｆｏｒforａ aｒａｉｎｙ
rainy ｄａｙ．
day. D) Findingａ aｂｅｔｔｅｒ
Ｄ）Ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ better ｗａｙ
way ｔｏ
to earn
ｅａｒｎ money.
ｍｏｎｅｙ．
13. A)Ｐｒｅｐａｒｉｎｇ
１３．Ａ） Preparingｆｏｒ
forｈｉｓ
his final
ｆｉｎａｌexams.
ｅｘａｍｓ． Ｃ）C)Ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
Working partｔｉｍｅ
ｐａｒｔ timeａｓasａa ｗａｉｔｅｒ．
waiter.
Ｂ）B)Ｎｅｇｏｔｉａｔｉｎｇ
Negotiatingｗｉｔｈ
withｈｉｓ
hisｂｏｓｓ
bossｆｏｒ
forａa ｒａｉｓｅ．
raise. Ｄ）D)Ｈｅｌｐｉｎｇ
Helpingｔｈｅ the ｗｏｍａｎ
womanｗｉｔｈ withｈｅｒ
her ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ．
courses.
１４．Ａ）
14. A)Ｆｉｎｉｓｈ
Finishｈｅｒ
her ｔｅｒｍ
term ｐａｐｅｒ．
paper. Ｃ）C)Ｌｅａｒｎ
Learn a little ｂｉｔ
ａ ｌｉｔｔｌｅ bit of
ｏｆ Spanish.
Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓａｖｅ
Save ｅｎｏｕｇｈ ｍｏｎｅｙ．
enough money. Ｄ）D)Ａｓｋ
Askｈｅｒherｐａｒｅｎｔ＇ｓ
parent’s ｐｅｒｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ．
permission.
１５．Ａ）
15. A)ＨｅHe
ｈａｓhasｒｉｃｈ
richｓａｉｌｉｎｇ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ．
sailing experience. Ｃ）C)ＨｅHeｉｓisａｌｓｏ
alsoｅａｇｅｒ
eager ｔｏto ｇｏ
go ｔｏ
to Spain.
Ｓｐａｉｎ．
Ｂ）B)ＨｅHeｓｐｅａｋｓ
speaksＳｐａｎｉｓｈ
Spanishｆｌｕｅｎｔｌｙ．
fluently. Ｄ）D)ＨｅHeｉｓisｅａｓｙ
easyｔｏto ｇｅｔ
get along
ａｌｏｎｇ with.
ｗｉｔｈ．
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｃ
Section C
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ． Ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ， ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ ｈｅａｒ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｏｒ ｆｏｕｒ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.
Ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｓｐｏｋｅｎ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ ｈｅａｒ ａ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ ｍｕｓｔ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ ａｎｓｗｅｒ
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
ｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｕｒ
four ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ A),
choices marked Ａ），Ｂ），
B), Ｃ），Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
C), D). Thenｍａｒｋ
markｔｈｅ
theｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎAnswer
letter on Sheet１ 1ｗｉｔｈ
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ withａ aｓｉｎｇｌｅ
single ｌｉｎｅ
line
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１６16ｔｏto１８
18 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ
the passage you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
16. A)Ｓｈｅ
１６．Ａ） Sheｗｅｎｔ
wentｔｏtoｔｈｅ
theｓａｍｅ
sameｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
university ａｓas her
ｈｅｒ mother.
ｍｏｔｈｅｒ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｗｏｒｋｅｄ
worked ａｓasａ aｎｕｒｓｅ
nurseｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the Ｆｉｒｓｔ
First World
Ｗｏｒｌｄ War.
Ｗａｒ．
Ｃ）C)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｗｏｎ
wonｔｈｅtheＮｏｂｅｌ
NobelＰｒｉｚｅ
Prize ｔｗｏ
two ｔｉｍｅｓ．
times.
Ｄ）Ｓｈｅ
D) She ｗａｓwasａｌｓｏ
alsoａ aＮｏｂｅｌ
NobelＰｒｉｚｅ ｗｉｎｎｅｒ．
Prize winner.
１７．Ａ）Ｓｈｅ ｆｏｕｇｈｔ ｂｒａｖｅｌｙ ｉｎ ａ ｓｅｒｉｅｓ ｏｆofｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ
17. A) She fought bravely in a series military ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ．
operations.
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
developed X-ray
Ｘ－ｒａｙ facilitiesｆｏｒ
ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ forｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ
military ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ．
hospitals.
Ｃ）C)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helped ｔｏtoｓｅｔ
setｕｐupｓｅｖｅｒａｌ
severalｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ
military ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓ．
hospitals.
Ｄ）D)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｍａｄｅmadeｄｏｎａｔｉｏｎｓ
donationsｔｏto ｓａｖｅ save ｗｏｕｎｄｅｄ
woundedｓｏｌｄｉｅｒｓ．
soldiers.
18. A) Both
１８．Ａ）Ｂｏｔｈ diedｏｆofｂｌｏｏｄ
ｄｉｅｄ bloodｃａｎｃｅｒ．
cancer. Ｃ）Ｂｏｔｈ
C) Bothｗｏｎ
wonｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ
military ｍｅｄａｌｓ．
medals.
Ｂ）Ｂｏｔｈ
B) Both ｆｏｕｇｈｔ
foughtｉｎin Ｗｏｒｌｄ
World ＷａｒWarＩ． I. D) Both
Ｄ）Ｂｏｔｈ married
ｍａｒｒｉｅｄ theirａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔｓ．
ｔｈｅｉｒ assistants.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ １９ ｔｏ２１ ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
１９．Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ
19. A) They ｗｅｒｅwere
ｔｈｅ the
ｆｉｒｓｔfirstｓｅｔｔｌｅｒｓ
settlers in ｉｎ Europe.
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ．
B) They were the conquerors
Ｂ） Ｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｑｕｅｒｏｒｓ ｏｆ Ｎｏｒｗａｙ． of Norway.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ
discoveredＩｃｅｌａｎｄ
Icelandｉｎinｔｈｅ the ｎｉｎｔｈ
ninth ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ．
century.
D) They
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ settledｏｎonａ aｓｍａｌｌ
ｓｅｔｔｌｅｄ smallｉｓｌａｎｄ
island ｎｏｒｔｈ
north ofｏｆ England.
Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ．
20. A) Itｗａｓ
２０．Ａ）Ｉｔ wasｓｏｍｅ
someｆｉｖｅfiveｈｕｎｄｒｅｄ
hundredｍｉｌｅｓ miles ｗｅｓｔ
west of
ｏｆ Norway.
Ｎｏｒｗａｙ．
B) Itｗａｓ
Ｂ）Ｉｔ wasｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ
coveredｗｉｔｈ withｇｒｅｅｎ
greenｍｏｓｔmostｔｉｍｅtimeｏｆofｔｈｅ
the ｙｅａｒ．
year.
C) Itｗａｓ
Ｃ）Ｉｔ wasｔｈｅtheＶｉｋｉｎｇｓ＇ｍｏｓｔ
Vikings’ mostｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔimportant ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｙ．
discovery.
D) Itｗａｓ
Ｄ）Ｉｔ wasａ aｒｏｃｋｙ
rockyｍａｓｓmassｏｆofｌａｎｄlandｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ
coveredｗｉｔｈ
with ｉｃｅ．
ice.
21. A) The
２１．Ａ）Ｔｈｅ Vikings’ oceanｅｘｐｌｏｒａｔｉｏｎｓ．
Ｖｉｋｉｎｇｓ＇ｏｃｅａｎ explorations. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
TheＶｉｋｉｎｇｓ＇ｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙ
Vikings’ everydayｌｉｆｅ．
life.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅ
Theｍａｋｉｎｇ
makingｏｆofＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎ
Europeanｎａｔｉｏｎｓ．
nations. D) The
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅ Europeans’ Arcticｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｉｅｓ．
Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎｓ＇Ａｒｃｔｉｃ discoveries.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions２２22ｔｏto ２５ 25 ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ on
are based ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ passage
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ you ｙｏｕ have
ｈａｖｅｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
22. A) Work
２２．Ａ）Ｗｏｒｋ ｈａｒｄhard
ｆｏｒ for a betterｌｉｆｅ．
ａ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ life. C) Dream aboutｔｈｅ
Ｃ） Ｄｒｅａｍ ａｂｏｕｔ theｆｕｔｕｒｅ．
future.
Ｂ）B)Ｍａｋｅ
Makeｍｉｓｔａｋｅｓ
mistakes ｎｏｗ nowａｎｄ and ｔｈｅｎ．
then. Ｄ）D)Ｓａｖｅ
Saveａｇａｉｎｓｔ
againstａa ｒａｉｎｙ ｄａｙ．
rainy day.
23. A) Teach
２３．Ａ）Ｔｅａｃｈ foreign
ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ languages
ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ ｆｏｒfor ｔｈｅtheｒｅｓｔ
restｏｆｈｉｓ
of hisｌｉｆｅ．
life.
Ｂ）B)Ｃｈａｎｇｅ
Change what
ｗｈａｔ ｈｅheｈａｓhasｆｏｒ
forｈｉｓhis ｐａｓｔ
past imaginary
ｉｍａｇｉｎａｒｙ world.
ｗｏｒｌｄ．
C) Exchange his two-story house for
Ｃ）Ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ ｈｉｓ ｔｗｏ－ｓｔｏｒｙ ｈｏｕｓｅ ｆｏｒ ａ ｂｅａｃｈ ｃｏｔｔａｇｅ． a beach cottage.
D) Dwellｏｎonｔｈｅ
Ｄ）Ｄｗｅｌｌ the ｄｒｅａｍｓ
dreams ｈｅ he had
ｈａｄ dreamed
ｄｒｅａｍｅｄ whenｗｈｅｎ young.
ｙｏｕｎｇ．
24. A) Criminal
２４． Ａ） Ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ ｌａｗ． law. Ｃ）C)Ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌ
Orientalａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ．
architecture.

乙2
 Ｂ）B)Ｃｉｔｙ
Cityｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ．
planning. Ｄ）D)Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
International business.
ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ．
２５．Ａ）Ｄｒｅａｍ
25. A) Dream ａｎｄandｍａｋｅ
makeｐｌａｎｓ．
plans. Ｃ）C)ＢｅBeｃｏｎｔｅｎｔ
content ｗｉｔｈ
with what
ｗｈａｔ you
ｙｏｕ have.
ｈａｖｅ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔａｋｅ
Takeｔｈｉｎｇｓ
thingsｅａｓｙ
easyｉｎinｌｉｆｅ．
life. Ｄ）D)Ｅｎｊｏｙ
Enjoyｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒ
whateverｙｏｕ
youａｒｅ
are ｄｏｉｎｇ．
doing.

Ｐａｒｔ
PartⅡⅢ
Ⅲ Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Reading Comprehension （４０
( 40ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
minutes ）)
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:ＩｎInｔｈｉｓ
thisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，
section, ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ aａ passage
there is ｐａｓｓａｇｅ with
ｗｉｔｈ ten
ｔｅｎ blanks.
ｂｌａｎｋｓ． You
Ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ to
are required ｔｏ select
ｓｅｌｅｃｔone
ｏｎｅ word
ｗｏｒｄ ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ ｂｌａｎｋ
for each blank ｆｒｏｍ
fromａaｌｉｓｔ
list
ｏｆofｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ
choices ｇｉｖｅｎ
given ｉｎ
in ａa ｗｏｒｄ
wordｂａｎｋ
bankｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
followingｔｈｅ the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
passage. Ｒｅａｄ
Readｔｈｅ the ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ making
carefully before ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｙｏｕｒ
your ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ．
choices.
Ｅａｃｈ
Eachｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｂａｎｋ
bankｉｓis ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ
identified by ｂｙ aａ letter.
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ． Ｐｌｅａｓｅ
Please ｍａｒｋtheｔｈｅ
mark ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter
corresponding ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ
for each item ｉｔｅｍ ｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
on Answer Ｓｈｅｅｔ 2２
ｗｉｔｈ
withａa ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｌｉｎｅ through
single line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ the
ｔｈｅcentre.
ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．Ｙｏｕ
You may ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ ｕｓｅ any
not use ａｎｙ of
ｏｆ the
ｔｈｅ words
ｗｏｒｄｓ inｉｎ the
ｔｈｅbank
ｂａｎｋmore
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ once.
ｏｎｃｅ．

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions２６26ｔｏto３５
35ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
following passage.
Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ
Technologicalｃｈａｎｇｅｓ
changesｂｒｏｕｇｈｔ
broughtｄｒａｍａｔｉｃ
dramaticｎｅｗ
newｏｐｔｉｏｎｓ
optionsｔｏto Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ
Americansｌｉｖｉｎｇ
living ｉｎ ｔｈｅ 1990s.
in the １９９０ｓ． During
Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ this
ｔｈｉｓdecade
ｄｅｃａｄｅnew
ｎｅｗ forms
ｆｏｒｍｓ
ｏｆofｅｎｔｅｒｔａｉｎｍｅｎｔ， ｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｅ， ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ，
entertainment, commerce, ａｎｄ communication
research, and ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ became
ｂｅｃａｍｅ ｃｏｍｍｏｎｐｌａｃｅ
commonplaceｉｎinｔｈｅ
theＵ．U.Ｓ．S. Ｔｈｅ
Theｄｒｉｖｉｎｇ
driving ｆｏｒｃｅ ｂｅｈｉｎｄ
force behind
much
ｍｕｃｈ ｏｆofｔｈｉｓ
thisｃｈａｎｇｅ
changeｗａｓ
wasａ（ｎ）
a(n)２６26ｐｏｐｕｌａｒｌｙ
popularlyｋｎｏｗｎ
knownａｓasｔｈｅ
theＩｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ．
Internet.
Ｔｈｅ
TheＩｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ
Internetｗａｓwasｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
developedｄｕｒｉｎｇ
duringｔｈｅ
the１９７０ｓ
1970sｂｙbyｔｈｅ
theＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ
Department ｏｆ ofＤｅｆｅｎｓｅ．Ｉｎ
Defense. Inｔｈｅtheｃａｓｅcaseｏｆ ofａｎanａｔｔａｃｋ，
attack,ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ ａｄｖｉｓｅｒｓ
military advisers
ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ２７ ｏｆ ｂｅｉｎｇ ａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｏｐｅｒａｔｅ ｏｎｅ ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ ｆｒｏｍ ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ ｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌ．Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅａｒｌｙ ｄａｙｓ， ｔｈｅ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ ｗａｓ ｕｓｅｄ
suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used
ｍａｉｎｌｙ ｂｙ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ ｔｏ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ． Ｔｈｅ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ ２８ｕｎｄｅｒ ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｕｎｔｉｌ １９８４．
mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28 under government control until 1984.
Ｏｎｅ ｅａｒｌｙ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ ｆａｃｅｄ ｂｙ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ ｕｓｅｒｓ ｗａｓ ｓｐｅｅｄ． Ｐｈｏｎｅ ｌｉｎｅｓ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｏｎｌｙ ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｔ ａ ２９ ｒａｔｅ． Ｔｈｅ
One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The
development
ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ofｆｉｂｅｒ－ｏｐｔｉｃ（光纤）ｃａｂｌｅｓ
fiber-optic(光纤) cables ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ
allowedｆｏｒfor ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｓ
billions of
ｏｆbits
ｂｉｔｓofｏｆinformation
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎtoｔｏbeｂｅreceived
ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄevery ｅｖｅｒｙminute.
ｍｉｎｕｔｅ．Companies
Ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ
ｌｉｋｅ
like Ｉｎｔｅｌ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｆａｓｔｅｒ
Intel developed ｍｉｃｒｏｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｒｓ， ｓｏso ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ
faster microprocessors, personal ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓ
computersｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ
processｔｈｅ
the３０30ｓｉｇｎａｌｓ
signalsａｔat ａa more
ｍｏｒｅ ｒａｐｉｄ
rapid ｒａｔｅ．
rate.
ＩｎInｔｈｅ
the ｅａｒｌｙ １９９０ｓ， the
early 1990s, ｔｈｅ World
Ｗｏｒｌｄ Wide
Ｗｉｄｅ Ｗｅｂ
Webｗａｓ wasｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ，
developed,ｉｎinｌａｒｇｅ
large ｐａｒｔ， ｆｏｒ31３１ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓ．
part, for Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎｓ created
purposes. Corporations ｃｒｅａｔｅｄhomeｈｏｍｅ
ｐａｇｅｓ ｗｈｅｒｅ ｔｈｅｙ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｐｌａｃｅ ｔｅｘｔ ａｎｄ ｇｒａｐｈｉｃｓ ｔｏ ｓｅｌｌ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ． Ｓｏｏｎ ａｉｒｌｉｎｅ ｔｉｃｋｅｔｓ， ｈｏｔｅｌ３２，ａｎｄ ｅｖｅｎ ｃａｒｓ ａｎｄ ｈｏｍｅｓ
pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 ,and even cars and homes
ｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｂｅbeｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅｄ
purchasedｏｎｌｉｎｅ．
online.Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ
Universities ３３
33 ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
research ｄａｔａ
data ｏｎon ｔｈｅ
the Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ，ｓｏ
Internet, so ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｃｏｕｌｄ find
students could ｆｉｎｄ 34３４ information
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ without
ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
ｌｅａｖｉｎｇ
leavingｔｈｅｉｒ ｄｏｒｍｉｔｏｒｉｅｓ．Companies
their dormitories. Ｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ ｓｏｏｎ
soon ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ
discovered ｔｈａｔ ｗｏｒｋ ｃｏｕｌｄ
that work ｂｅ done
could be ｄｏｎｅ ａｔ ｈｏｍｅ ａｎｄ
at home and ３５ 35 ｏｎｌｉｎｅ，
online, soｓｏ aａ whole
ｗｈｏｌｅ new
ｎｅｗ ｃｌａｓｓ
class
ｏｆofｔｅｌｅｃｏｍｍｕｔｅｒｓ
telecommutersｂｅｇａｎ beganｔｏtoｅａｒｎ
earnａaｌｉｖｉｎｇ
living from
ｆｒｏｍ home offices unshaven
ｈｏｍｅ ｏｆｆｉｃｅｓ and ｗｅａｒｉｎｇ
ｕｎｓｈａｖｅｎ ａｎｄ wearingｐａｊａｍａｓ（睡衣）．
pajamas(睡衣).

Ａ）ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ
A）advantage Ｉ）ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄ
I）maintained
Ｂ）ｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌ
B）commercial Ｊ J）occupations
ｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎｓ
Ｃ）ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ
C）conservation Ｋ）ｐｏｓｔｅｄ
K）posted
Ｄ ｅｑｕｉｐｐｅｄ
D）equipped Ｌ）ｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄ
L）remained
Ｅ） ｉｎｃｏｍｉｎｇ
E）incoming Ｍ）ｒｅｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ
M）reservations
Ｆ） ｉｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎ
F）innovation Ｎ）N）submitted
ｓｕｂｍｉｔｔｅｄ
Ｇ ｌｉｍｔｅｄ
G）limited Ｏ）ｖａｌｕａｂｌｅ
O）valuable
Ｈ） ｌｏｃａｌ
H）local

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:ＩｎInｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ
section, you ｇｏｉｎｇ ｔｏto ｒｅａｄ
are going read ａa ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ｗｉｔｈ
with ｔｅｎ
ten ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ
statements ａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ
attached ｔｏ
to ｉｔ． Ｅａｃｈ statement
it. Each ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ contains
ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
informationｇｉｖｅｎ
givenｉｎin ｏｎｅ
oneｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ． Identify
the paragraphs. Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙthe
ｔｈｅparagraph
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈfrom
ｆｒｏｍ which
ｗｈｉｃｈ the
ｔｈｅ information
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ isｉｓderived.
ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．You
Ｙｏｕmay
ｍａｙ choose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ aａ
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｍｏｒｅ
moreｔｈａｎ
thanｏｎｃｅ．
once.Ｅａｃｈ
Eachｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｉｓisｍａｒｋｅｄ
markedｗｉｔｈ
withａ aｌｅｔｔｅｒ． Ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｔｈｅ
letter. Answer ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ byｂｙ marking
the questions ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
the corresponding
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter onｏｎAnswer
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet ２．
2.

Ｔｈｅ
TheＨｅａｌｔｈ
HealthＢｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ
Benefits ｏｆ Ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
of Knitting
A) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed
Ａ）Ａｂｏｕｔ １５ ｙｅａｒｓ ａｇｏ，Ｉ ｗａｓ ｉｎｖｉｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｊｏｉｎ ａ ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ ｇｒｏｕｐ．Ｉ ａｇｒｅｅｄ ｔｏ toｇｉｖｅ
giveｉｔitａa ｔｒｙ．
try.

B) My
Ｂ）Ｍｙ mother
ｍｏｔｈｅｒ ｈａｄ had taught
ｔａｕｇｈｔ ｍｅ ｔｏmeｋｎｉｔ
to knit at 15,
ａｔ １５， ａｎｄand I knitted
Ｉ ｋｎｉｔｔｅｄ ｉｎ inｃｌａｓｓ
classｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔ
throughoutｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
collegeａｎｄ
andｆｏｒ
for ａa ｆｅｗ
fewｙｅａｒｓ
years ｔｈｅｒｅａｆｔｅｒ．
thereafter. Then
Ｔｈｅｎ
ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ
decadesｐａｓｓｅｄ
passedｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
withoutｍｙmyｔｏｕｃｈｉｎｇ
touchingａ aｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
knitting ｎｅｅｄｌｅ． Ｂｕｔ within
needle. But ｗｉｔｈｉｎ two
ｔｗｏ Mondays
Ｍｏｎｄａｙｓ ｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｇｒｏｕｐ，
group, IＩ was
ｗａｓ hooked,
ｈｏｏｋｅｄ， not
ｎｏｔ only
ｏｎｌｙ on
ｏｎ
日3
ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
knittingｂｕｔ
but ａｌｓｏ
also ｏｎ
on ｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｉｎｇ（钩织）， ａｎｄI Ｉwas
crocheting(钩织)，and ｗａｓonｏｎmy
ｍｙ way
ｗａｙ ｔｏ ｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇ ａaｈｉｇｈｌｙ
to becoming highlyｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ
productiveｃｒａｆｔｅｒ．
crafter.

C) I’veｍａｄｅ
Ｃ）Ｉ＇ｖｅ made countless
ｃｏｕｎｔｌｅｓｓ baby
ｂａｂｙ blankets,
ｂｌａｎｋｅｔｓ， sweaters,ｓｃａｒｖｅｓ，
ｓｗｅａｔｅｒｓ， scarves,ｈａｔｓ，
hats, ｃａｐｓ
caps ｆｏｒ
for ｎｅｗｂｏｒｎｓ．
newborns. ＩI ｔａｋｅ
take ａa ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
knitting project
ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔwith
ｗｉｔｈ me
ｍｅ
ｅｖｅｒｙｗｈｅｒｅ，
everywhere,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙ
especially ｗｈｅｎ
whenＩ Iｈａｖｅ
haveｔｏtoｓｉｔ ｓｔｉｌｌandａｎｄlisten.
sit still ｌｉｓｔｅｎ．Ａｓ Ｉ ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄin ｉｎcollege,
As I discovered ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ， ｗｈｅｎmyｍｙhands
when ｈａｎｄｓareａｒｅbusy,
ｂｕｓｙ，myｍｙmind
ｍｉｎｄ
ｓｔａｙｓ
staysｆｏｃｕｓｅｄ
focused ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ ｈｅｒｅ and
the here ａｎｄ now.
ｎｏｗ．
Ｄ）Ｉｔ
D) Itｓｅｅｍｓ，ｔｏｏ，ｔｈａｔ
seems, too, that Ｉ＇ｍ
I’m ｐａｒｔ
part ｏｆ
of aａ national
ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ renewal
ｒｅｎｅｗａｌ of
ｏｆ interest
ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔinｉｎneedle
ｎｅｅｄｌｅand
ａｎｄother
ｏｔｈｅｒhandicrafts(
ｈａｎｄｉｃｒａｆｉｓ（手工艺）．Ｔｈｅ Ｃｒａｆｔ Yarn
手 工 艺 ). The Craft Ｙａｒｎ
Ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌ
Councilｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ
reportsｔｈａｔ
that ａa third
ｔｈｉｒｄofｏｆwomen
ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｇｅｓ
ages ２５－３５
25-35ｎｏｗ
nowｋｎｉｔ
knitｏｒor ｃｒｏｃｈｅｔ． Ｅｖｅｎ ｍｅｎ
crochet. Even menａｎｄ
andｓｃｈｏｏｌｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ
schoolchildrenａｒｅ
areｓｗｅｌｌｉｎｇ
swelling ｔｈｅ
the ｒａｎｋｓ，
ranks,
ａｍｏｎｇ
amongｔｈｅｍ ｍｙ my
them ｆｒｉｅｎｄ＇ｓ ｔｈｒｅｅ
friend’s threeｓｍａｌｌ
smallｇｒａｎｄｓｏｎｓ．
grandsons.Ｌａｓｔ
Last Ａｐｒｉｌ， ｔｈｅ council
April, the ｃｏｕｎｃｉｌcreated
ｃｒｅａｔｅｄa “Stitch
ａ＂ＳｔｉｔｃｈAway
ＡｗａｙStress”
Ｓｔｒｅｓｓ＂ｃａｍｐａｉｇｎ
campaign ｉｎ ｈｏｎｏｒ ofｏｆ
in honor
Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
National Ｓｔｒｅｓｓ Ａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ Ｍｏｎｔｈ．
Stress Awareness Month. Ｄｒ．
Dr. Ｈｅｒｂｅｒｔ
Herbert Ｂｅｎｓｏｎ，
Benson, ａa ｐｉｏｎｅｅｒ ｉｎ mind/body
pioneer in ｍｉｎｄ／ｂｏｄｙ medicine
ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ ａｎｄ
and ａｕｔｈｏｒ ｏｆ The
author of Ｔｈｅ Relaxation
Ｒｅｌａｘａｔｉｏｎ
Response,ｓａｙｓ
Ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ， saysｔｈａｔ
that ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｐｅｔｉｔｉｖｅ
repetitive action
ａｃｔｉｏｎ of
ｏｆ needlework canｉｎｄｕｃｅ
ｎｅｅｄｌｅｗｏｒｋ ｃａｎ induceａ aｒｅｌａｘｅｄ
relaxedｓｔａｔｓ
stats ｌｉｋｅ
like ｔｈａｔ
that associated
ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ with
ｗｉｔｈ meditation(
ｍｅｄｉｔａｔｉｏｎ（沉沉
思 )and ｙｏｇａ．
思）ａｎｄ yoga. Ｏｎｃｅ
Onceｙｏｕyou
ｇｅｔgetｂｅｙｏｎｄ
beyond
ｔｈｅ the initialｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ
ｉｎｉｔｉａｌ learningｃｕｒｖｅ，
curve, knitting
ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇand
ａｎｄ crocheting
ｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｉｎｇ can
ｃａｎ lower
ｌｏｗｅｒ heart
ｈｅａｒｔ rate
ｒａｔｅand
ａｎｄ blood
ｂｌｏｏｄ
ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ．
pressure.

Ｅ）Ｂｕｔ
E)Butｕｎｌｉｋｅ
unlikeｍｅｄｉｔａｔｉｏｎ，
meditation,ｃｒａｆｔ
craftａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ｒｅｓｕｌｔinｉｎtangible
activities result ｔａｎｇｉｂｌｅand
ａｎｄoften
ｏｆｔｅｎuseful
ｕｓｅｆｕｌproducts
ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓthat
ｔｈａｔcan
ｃａｎenhance
ｅｎｈａｎｃｅ self-esteem.
ｓｅｌｆ－ｅｓｔｅｅｍ． IＩkeep
ｋｅｅｐ
ｐｈｏｔｏｓ
photosｏｆofｍｙ
myｓｉｎｇｕｌａｒ
singular ａｃｃｏｍｐｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｓ
accomplishmentsｏｎonｍｙmyｃｅｌｌｐｈｏｎｅ
cellphoneｔｏto ｂｏｏｓｔ
boost ｍｙ
myｓｐｉｒｉｔｓ ｗｈｅｎ needed.
spirits when ｎｅｅｄｅｄ．
Ｆ）F)Ｓｉｎｃｅ
Sinceｔｈｅ
the１９９０ｓ，
1990s,ｔｈｅ
theｃｏｕｎｃｉｌ
councilｈａｓ
hasｓｕｒｖｅｙｅｄ
surveyedｈｕｎｄｒｅｄｓ ｏｆ ofｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓ
hundreds ｏｆ ofｋｎｉｔｔｅｒｓ
thousands knittersａｎｄ
andｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｅｒｓ，
crocheters,ｗｈｏ
whoｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｌｙ
routinelyｌｉｓｔ
list ｓｔｒｅｓｓ
stress
ｒｅｌｉｅｆ ａｎｄ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ
relief and ｆｕｌｆｉｌｌｍｅｎｔasａｓtheｔｈｅactivities’
creative fulfillment ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ＇ｍａｉｎ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ．Ａｍｏｎｇ
main benefits. ｔｈｅｍ isｉｓ the
Among them ｔｈｅfather
ｆａｔｈｅｒofｏｆa prematurely
ａ ｐｒｅｍａｔｕｒｅｌｙborn
ｂｏｒｎdaughter
ｄａｕｇｈｔｅｒwho
ｗｈｏ
ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ
reportedｔｈａｔ
that ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
during ｔｈｅ
the ｂａｂｙ＇ｓ
baby’s ｆｉｖｅ ｗｅｅｋｓ ｉｎin ｔｈｅ
five weeks the ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ ｃａｒｅ unit,
intensive care ｕｎｉｔ，＂ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ ｈｏｗ ｔｏto knit
“learning how ｋｎｉｔ infant
ｉｎｆａｎｔhats
ｈａｔｓgave
ｇａｖｅmeｍｅ aａ sense
ｓｅｎｓｅ ofｏｆ
ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ
purposeｄｕｒｉｎｇ ａ aｔｉｍｅtimeｔｈａｔＩ
during that ｆｅｌｔ
I feltｖｅｒｙ
veryｈｅｌｐｌｅｓｓ．Ｉｔ＇ｓ
helpless. It’s ａa ｈｏｂｂｙ
hobbyｔｈａｔ
that Ｉ＇ｖｅ
I’ve ｓｔｕｃｋ
stuck ｗｉｔｈ， ａｎｄ ｉｔit continues
with, and ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｓ toｔｏhelp
ｈｅｌｐmeｍｅ cope
ｃｏｐｅ ｗｉｔｈ
with ｓｔｒｅｓｓ
stress
ａｔatｗｏｒｋ，
work, ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ
provide ａa ｓｅｎｓｅ
sense ｏｆ ｏｒｄｅｒ inｉｎ hectic(忙乱的)
of order ｈｅｃｔｉｃ（忙乱的）ｄａｙｓ， ａｎｄallow
days, and ａｌｌｏｗmyｍｙbrain
ｂｒａｉｎtime
ｔｉｍｅtoｔｏsolve
ｓｏｌｖｅproblems.”
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ．＂

G) Aｒｅｃｅｎｔ
Ｇ）Ａ recentｅｍａｉｌ
email ｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
the ｙａｒｎ（纺纱）ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ
yarn(纺纱) companyＲｅｄ
RedＨｅａｒｔ
Heartｔｉｔｌｅｄ
titled “Health
＂Ｈｅａｌｔｈ Benefits
ＢｅｎｅｆｉｔｓofｏｆCrocheting
Ｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｉｎｇand
ａｎｄKnitting” prompted
Ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ＂ｐｒｏｍｐｔｅｄ
ｍｅmeｔｏtoｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ
exploreｗｈａｔ ｅｌｓｅelseｍｉｇｈｔ
what ｂｅ beｋｎｏｗｎ
might ａｂｏｕｔabout
known ｔｈｅ the
ｈｅａｌｔｈ ｖａｌｕｅvalueｏｆ ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ
health of activitiesｌｉｋｅ
like ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ． Ｍｙ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
knitting. My research ｒｅｖｅａｌｅｄ
revealed ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ
that the
ｒｅｗａｒｄｓ
rewardsｇｏgoｗｅｌｌ
wellｂｅｙｏｎｄ ｒｅｐｌａｃｉｎｇ
beyond ｓｔｒｅｓｓ
replacing stressａｎｄ ａｎｘｉｅｔｙ
and anxietyｗｉｔｈ
withｔｈｅtheｓａｔｉｓｆａｃｔｉｏｎ
satisfaction ｏｆ ｃｒｅａｔｉｏｎ．
of creation.

H)Forｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，
Ｈ）Ｆｏｒ example,Ｋａｒｅｎ
Karen Hayes,
Ｈａｙｅｓ， a lifeｃｏａｃｈ
ａ ｌｉｆｅ coachｉｎinＴｏｒｏｎｔｏ，
Toronto,ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｓ
conductsｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
knitting ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ
therapy ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ，
programs, ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ
including Ｋｎｉｔ
Knit ｔｏ
to Ｑｕｉｔ
Quit ｔｏ
to help
ｈｅｌｐ
ｓｍｏｋｅｒｓ
smokersｇｉｖｅgiveｕｐ upｔｈｅtheｈａｂｉｔ，
habit,ａｎｄ
andＫｎｉｔ ｔｏtoＨｅａｌ
Knit ｆｏｒforｐｅｏｐｌｅ
Heal ｃｏｐｉｎｇ
people ｗｉｔｈwithｈｅａｌｔｈ
coping ｃｒｉｓｅｓ，
health crises,ｌｉｋｅ
likeａa ｃａｎｃｅｒ
cancerｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ
diagnosisｏｒorｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ
serious ｉｌｌｎｅｓｓ ｏｆ
illness of
ａ aｆａｍｉｌｙ
familyｍｅｍｂｅｒ．
member. Ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ ａｎｄand
Schools ｐｒｉｓｏｎｓ ｗｉｔｈwith
prisons ｃｒａｆｔ
craftｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓ
programsｒｅｐｏｒｔ ｔｈａｔ
report thatｔｈｅｙ
theyｈａｖｅ
haveａ aｃａｌｍｉｎｇ
calmingｅｆｆｅｃｔ
effectａｎｄ
andｅｎｈａｎｃｅ
enhanceｓｏｃｉａｌ
socialｓｋｉｌｌｓ．
skills.
Ａｎｄ ｈａｖｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｆｏｌｌｏｗ ｉｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｎ ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ ｃｒａｆｔ ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓ ｃａｎ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ＇ｓ ｍａｔｈ ｓｋｉｌｌｓ．
And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children’s math skills.

Ｉ）Ｓｏｍｅ
I）Someｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｆｉｎｄfind
people ｔｈａｔthat
ｃｒａｆｔｗｏｒｋ ｈｅｌｐｓ
craftwork ｔｈｅｍ
helps ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ
them ｔｈｅｉｒ
control theirｗｅｉｇｈｔ．Ｊｕｓｔ
weight. Justａｓasｉｔ＇ｓ ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｉｎｇ toｔｏsmoke
it’s challenging ｓｍｏｋｅ while
ｗｈｉｌｅ knitting,
ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ，when
ｗｈｅｎ
ｈａｎｄｓ
handsａｒｅ
areｈｏｌｄｉｎｇ
holdingｎｅｅｄｌｅｓ
needlesａｎｄ
andｈｏｏｋｓ，
hooks,ｔｈｅｒｅ＇ｓ
there’s ｌｅｓｓ ｓｎａｃｋｉｎｇ and
less snacking ａｎｄ mindless
ｍｉｎｄｌｅｓｓ eating
ｅａｔｉｎｇ out
ｏｕｔofｏｆboredom.
ｂｏｒｅｄｏｍ．

ＪＩ＇ｖｅ
J) I’veｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｔｈａｔ
thatｍｙ
myｈａｎｄｉｗｏｒｋ
handiworkｗｉｔｈ ｙａｒｎ
with yarnｈａｓ
hasｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helpedｍｙmy
ａｒｔｈｒｉｔｉｃ（患关节炎的）ｆｉｎｇｅｒｓ ｒｅｍａｉｎ ｍｏｒｅ
arthritic(患关节炎的) fingers remain more ｄｅｘｔｅｒｏｕｓ（灵巧的）ａｓ
dexterous(灵巧的) as
Ｉ Iａｇｅ．Ａ
age. Aｗｏｍａｎ
womanｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｒｙ
encouraged ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
to try knittingａｎｄ
andｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｉｎｇ
crochetingａｆｔｅｒ
after ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ
developing ａｎ
an ａｕｔｏｉｍｍｕｎｅ
autoimmuneｄｉｓｅａｓｅ
diseaseｔｈａｔ
that ｃａｕｓｅｄ
causedａa ｌｏｔ ｏｆ hand
lot of ｈａｎｄ
ｐａｉｎ
painｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ
reportedｏｎonｔｈｅ
theＣｒａｆｔ
CraftＹａｒｎ
YarnＣｏｕｎｃｉｌ
Councilｓｉｔｅ
siteｔｈａｔ
that ｈｅｒ
her ｈａｎｄｓ
handsａｒｅ
areｎｏｗ
nowｌｅｓｓ
lessｓｔｉｆｆ ａｎｄ painful.
stiff and ｐａｉｎｆｕｌ．

Ｋ）Ａ
K) ２００９ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
A 2009 ｏｆ ofＢｒｉｔｉｓｈ
University BritishＣｏｌｕｍｂｉａ
Columbiaｓｔｕｄｙ
studyｏｆof３８38ｗｏｍｅｎ
womenｗｉｔｈwith
ａｎ an
ｅａｔｉｎｇ
eatingｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ
disorderｗｈｏ
whoｗｅｒｅ ｔａｕｇｈｔ
were taughtｔｏtoｋｎｉｔ
knit ｆｏｕｎｄ
found ｔｈａｔ
that
ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ
learningｔｈｅ
theｃｒａｆｔ ｌｅｄ toｔｏ significant
craft led ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔimprovements.
ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ． Seventy-four
Ｓｅｖｅｎｔｙ－ｆｏｕｒ ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ
percent ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｓａｉｄsaidｔｈｅtheａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ
the women activity ｌｅｓｓｅｎｅｄ
lessened ｔｈｅｉｒ ｆｅａｒｓ
their fears
ａｎｄandｋｅｐｔ
keptｔｈｅｍ
themｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇ
thinkingａｂｏｕｔ
about ｔｈｅｉｒ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ．
their problem.

L) BetsanＣｏｒｋｈｉｌｌ，
Ｌ）Ｂｅｔｓａｎ Corkhill,ａ aｗｅｌｌｎｅｓｓ
wellness ｃｏａｃｈ
coachｉｎin Ｂａｔｈ，
Bath, Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ，
England, ａｎｄ
and ａｕｔｈｏｒ
author ｏｆ
of the
ｔｈｅ book Knit for
ｂｏｏｋ Ｋｎｉｔ ｆｏｒ Health
Ｈｅａｌｔｈ &
＆ Wellness, established aａ
Ｗｅｌｌｎｅｓｓ，ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
ｗｅｂｓｉｔｅ，
website,Ｓｔｉｔｃｈｌｉｎｋｓ， ｔｏ explore
Stitchlinks, to ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ the
ｔｈｅ value
ｖａｌｕｅ ofｏｆwhat
ｗｈａｔ she
ｓｈｅ calls
ｃａｌｌｓtherapeutic
ｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃknitting.
ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ．Among
Ａｍｏｎｇ her
ｈｅｒ respondents,
ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｎｔｓ， 54
５４ percent
ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ of
ｏｆ those
ｔｈｏｓｅ
ｗｈｏ
whoｗｅｒｅ ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｌｙ
were clinicallyｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｅｄ
depressedｓａｉｄ
said ｔｈａｔ ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ made
that knitting ｍａｄｅ ｔｈｅｍ
them ｆｅｅｌ ｈａｐｐｙ ｏｒor ｖｅｒｙ
feel happy very ｈａｐｐｙ．Ｉｎ
happy. Inａ aｓｔｕｄｙ
studyｏｆof ６０
60ｓｅｌｆ－ｓｅｌｅｃｔｅｄ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
self-selected people
ｗｉｔｈ ｐｅｒｓｉｓｔｅｎｔ ｐａｉｎ， Ｍｓ． Ｃｏｒｋｈｉｌｌ ａｎｄ ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ ｅｎａｂｌｅｄ ｔｈｅｍ ｔｏ ｒｅｄｉｒｅｃｔ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｆｏｃｕｓ， ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｉｒ
with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their

４
4
 awarenessｏｆofｐａｉｎ．
ａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ pain.Ｓｈｅ
Sheｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄ
suggested thatｔｈｅ
ｔｈａｔ theｂｒａｉｎ
brainｃａｎ
canｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ
processｊｕｓｔ
justｓｏsoｍｕｃｈ
muchａｔ atｏｎｃｅ，
once,ａｎｄand thatａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ
ｔｈａｔ activities ｌｉｋｅ
like knitting
ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ and
ａｎｄ
ｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｉｎｇ
crochetingｍａｋｅ
makeｉｔ itｈａｒｄｅｒ ｆｏｒforｔｈｅtheｂｒａｉｎ
harder brainｔｏtoｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒ
register ｐａｉｎ
painｓｉｇｎａｌｓ．
signals. Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ
Perhapsｍｏｓｔ
mostｅｘｃｉｔｉｎｇ
excitingｉｓisｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
researchｔｈａｔ
that ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｓ
suggestsｔｈａｔ
that ｃｒａｆｔｓ
crafts
ｌｉｋｅ
like ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｉｎｇ
knitting and crocheting ｍａｙ
mayｈｅｌｐ
helpｔｏtoｋｅｅｐ
keepｏｆｆ
offａa ｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ
decline ｉｎ
in ｂｒａｉｎ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ with
brain function ｗｉｔｈ age.
ａｇｅ．ＩｎIn ａa ２０１ｌ
2011ｓｔｕｄｙ，
study, ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
researchers ｌｅｄ Ｄｒ．
led Dr.
YonasＧｅｄａ
Ｙｏｎａｓ Gedaａｔatｔｈｅ
theＭａｙｏ
MayoＣｌｉｎｉｃ
ClinicｉｎinＲｏｃｈｅｓｔｅｒ
Rochesterｉｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗｅｄ
interviewed ａa ｒａｎｄｏｍ（随机的）ｓａｍｐｌｅ
random(随机的) sampleｏｆof１，３２１
1,321 ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ages
ａｇｅｓ 70-89, most of
７０－８９，ｍｏｓｔ ｏｆ
whom
ｗｈｏｍ ｗｅｒｅwere cognitively(在认知方面) normal,
ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅｌｙ（在认知方面）ｎｏｒｍａｌ， about
ａｂｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ the cognitive
ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅ activitiesｔｈｅｙ
ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ theyｅｎｇａｇｅｄ
engaged
ｉｎ in lateｉｎinｌｉｆｅ．
ｌａｔｅ life. The
Ｔｈｅ study, published
ｓｔｕｄｙ，ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ
ｉｎ ｔｈｅ Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｎｅｕｒｏｐｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ ＆ Ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ Ｎｅｕｒｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ， ｆｏｕｎｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｏｓｅ ｗｈｏ ｅｎｇａｇｅｄ ｉｎ ｃｒａｆｔｓ ｌｉｋｅ ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ
in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and
ｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｉｎｇ
crochetingｈａｄ
hadａa ｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ
diminished ｃｈａｎｃｅ
chance ｏｆ
of ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ
developingｍｉｌｄ
mildｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅ
cognitive ｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ
disorder andａｎｄ memory
ｍｅｍｏｒｙ ｌｏｓｓ．
loss.

Ｍ）M Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ
） Although it is
ｉｔ ｉｓ possibleｔｈａｔ
ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ thatｏｎｌｙ
onlyｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｗｈｏ
whoａｒｅareｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅｌｙ
cognitively ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ
healthy ｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｐｕｒｓｕｅ
pursueｓｕｃｈ
suchａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ，
activities, those
ｔｈｏｓｅwho
ｗｈｏ read
ｒｅａｄ
ｎｅｗｓｐａｐｅｒｓ
newspapersｏｒorｍａｇａｚｉｎｅｓ ｏｒ orｐｌａｙｅｄ
magazines ｍｕｓｉｃ
played ｄｉｄ did
music ｎｏｔ not
ｓｈｏｗshow
ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ．
similar ＴｈｅThe
benefits. ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｓｐｅｃｕｌａｔｅ
researchers ｔｈａｔthatｃｒａｆｔ
speculate craftａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ
activities
ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅ
promoteｔｈｅtheｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ
developmentｏｆ ofｎｅｒｖｅ ｐａｔｈｗａｙｓ
nerve ｉｎ ｔｈｅ
pathways ｂｒａｉｎ
in the ｔｈａｔ
brain thatｈｅｌｐ
helpｔｏto ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎ
maintainｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅ
cognitive ｈｅａｌｔｈ．
health.

Ｎ）Ｉｎ ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ
N) In supportｏｆofｔｈａｔ
thatｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｏｎ，
suggestion, ａa ２０１４
2014ｓｔｕｄｙ
study ｂｙ
byＤｅｎｉｓｅ
DeniseＣ．C.Ｐａｒｋ
Parkｏｆofｔｈｅ
theＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ
University ｏｆ
of Ｔｅｘａｓ
Texas ａｔ
at Ｄａｌｌａｓ ａｎｄ ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ
Dallas and colleagues
ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｄ
demonstratedｔｈａｔthatｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ
learning ｔｏ ｋｎｉｔ orｏｒdoｄｏdigital
to knit ｄｉｇｉｔａｌphotography
ｐｈｏｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙenhanced
ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄmemory
ｍｅｍｏｒｙ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ older
function in ｏｌｄｅｒadults.
ａｄｕｌｔｓ．Those
Ｔｈｏｓｅwho
ｗｈｏengaged
ｅｎｇａｇｅｄ
ｉｎinａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓ ｔｈａｔwere
activities that ｗｅｒｅ not
ｎｏｔ intellectually
ｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｌｙchallenging
ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｉｎｇeither
ｅｉｔｈｅｒinｉｎa social
ａ ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐor ｏｒalone,
group ａｌｏｎｅ，
didｄｉｄ
not ｎｏｔ ｓｈｏｗsuchｓｕｃｈimprovements.
show ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ．
Ｏ）O)Ｇｉｖｅｎ
Givenｔｈａｔ
thatｓｕｓｔａｉｎｅｄ
sustained ｓｏｃｉａｌ
social contacts
ｃｏｎｔａｃｔｓ have
ｈａｖｅ been
ｂｅｅｎ shown to ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ
ｓｈｏｗｎ ｔｏ support ｈｅａｌｔｈ
health and
ａｎｄ aａ long
ｌｏｎｇ life, those wishing
ｌｉｆｅ，ｔｈｏｓｅ ｗｉｓｈｉｎｇ toｔｏmaximize
ｍａｘｉｍｉｚｅ the
ｔｈｅ
ｈｅａｌｔｈ
healthｖａｌｕｅ
valueｏｆof ｃｒａｆｔｓ ｍｉｇｈｔ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ
crafts might consider ｊｏｉｎｉｎｇ
joining aａ group
ｇｒｏｕｐ of
ｏｆ like-minded
ｌｉｋｅ－ｍｉｎｄｅｄ ｆｏｌｋｓ．Ｉ ｆｏｒ one
folks. I for ｏｎｅ try
ｔｒｙ not
ｎｏｔtoｔｏmiss
ｍｉｓｓaａsingle
ｓｉｎｇｌｅweekly
ｗｅｅｋｌｙmeeting
ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ
ｏｆofｍｙmyｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ ｇｒｏｕｐ．
knitting group.

３６．Ｗｈｅｎ
36.Whenｔｈｅtheａｕｔｈｏｒ ｗａｓwasａ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
author ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ，
a college student,ｓｈｅ
sheｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｔｈａｔ
thatｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
knitting ｈｅｌｐｅｄ
helped ｈｅｒ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅ．
her concentrate.
３７．Ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
37. Knittingｃａｎ
canｈｅｌｐ
help ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｓｔａｙ ａｗａｙ from
stay away ｆｒｏｍ ｔｏｂａｃｃｏ．
tobacco.
38. Ｅｖｅｎ
３８． Evenｍｅｎ
menａｎｄ
and childrenａｒｅ
ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ areｎｏｗ
now joiningｔｈｅ
ｊｏｉｎｉｎｇ theａｒｍｙ
armyｏｆofｋｎｉｔｔｅｒｓ．
knitters.
３９．Ｂｅｉｎｇ
39. Beingａ aｍｅｍｂｅｒ
memberｏｆ of
ａ ｃｒａｆｔｓ
a craftsｇｒｏｕｐ
groupｅｎｈａｎｃｅｓ ｏｎｅ＇ｓ
enhances one’sｈｅａｌｔｈ
healthａｎｄ
andｐｒｏｌｏｎｇｓ
prolongsｏｎｅ＇ｓ
one’sｌｉｆｅ．
life.
４０．Ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
40. Knittingｄｉｖｅｒｔｓ
divertsｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
people’sａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ
attention ｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｐａｉｎ．
pain.
４１．Ｔｈｅ
41.Theａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorｌｅａｒｎｔ
learntｔｏtoｋｎｉｔ
knit ａｓ
as aａ teenager,
ｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒ，ｂｕｔ ｉｔwas
but it ｗａｓ not
ｎｏｔ until
ｕｎｔｉｌsheｓｈｅwas
ｗａｓmuch
ｍｕｃｈ ｏｌｄｅｒ ｔｈａｔ she
older that ｓｈｅbecame
ｂｅｃａｍｅ ｋｅｅｎｌｙ
keenlyｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｅｄ．
interested.
４２．Ｗｈｅｎ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
42. When ａｒｅare
people ｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ，
knitting,ｔｈｅｙ
theyｔｅｎｄ
tendｔｏto ｅａｔ ｆｅｗｅｒ ｓｎａｃｋｓ．
eat fewer snacks.
４３．Ｓｕｒｖｅｙ ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ
43. Survey findings ｓｈｏｗ ｔｈａｔthatｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
show knittingｃａｎ
canｈｅｌｐ
helpｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｒｅｌｉｅｖｅ
relieve ｓｔｒｅｓｓ．
stress.
４４．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ toａ ｓｔｕｄｙ，
44. According a study,ｋｎｉｔｔｅｒｓ
knittersａｎｄ
andｃｒｏｃｈｅｔｅｒｓ
crochetersａｒｅ
areｌｅｓｓ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ toｔｏsuffer
less likely ｓｕｆｆｅｒmild
ｍｉｌｄcognitive
ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅdamage.
ｄａｍａｇｅ．
４５．45.ＴｈｅTheｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ
productsｏｆofｋｎｉｔｔｉｎｇ
knittingｃａｎ
canｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ
increaseｏｎｅ＇ｓ
one’sｓｅｎｓｅ
senseｏｆof ｓｅｌｆ－ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔ．
self-respect.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereａｒｅ
are２2ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ
passagesｉｎin ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｅａｃｈ
this section. Each ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passage ｉｓ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ by
is followed ｂｙ some
ｓｏｍｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｏｒ
or ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ． For
unfinished statements. Ｆｏｒ
eachｏｆof ｔｈｅｍ
ｅａｃｈ themｔｈｅｒｅ
there ａｒｅ
are ｆｏｕｒ
four choices
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ marked
ｍａｒｋｅｄ A),
Ａ）， B),
Ｂ），Ｃ）C) ａｎｄ
and Ｄ）．
D). Ｙｏｕ
Youｓｈｏｕｌｄ
should ｄｅｃｉｄｅ
decide ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｓｔ
best choice
ｃｈｏｉｃｅ and
ａｎｄ mark the
ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ Answer
letter on Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２ ｗｉｔｈ
Sheet ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
2 with a singleｌｉｎｅ
lineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ
Passage One
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions４６46ｔｏto５０
50ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
following passage.
Ｎｏｂｏｄｙ
Nobodyｒｅａｌｌｙ
reallyｋｎｏｗｓ
knowsｈｏｗhow
ｂｉｇbig
Ｌａｇｏｓ ｉｓ．is.Ｗｈａｔ＇ｓ
Lagos ｉｎｄｉｓｐｕｔａｂｌｅ
What’s indisputableｉｓis ｔｈａｔ ｉｔ＇ｓgrowing
that it’s ｇｒｏｗｉｎｇvery
ｖｅｒｙquickly.
ｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ．Between
Ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎnow
ｎｏｗ and
ａｎｄ 2050,
２０５０，
ｔｈｅtheｕｒｂａｎ
urbanｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ
populationｏｆofＡｆｒｉｃａ
Africaｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｔｒｉｐｌｅ．Ｙｅｔｃｉｔｉｅｓ
triple. Yet citiesｉｎinｓｕｂ－Ｓａｈａｒａｎ
sub-SaharanＡｆｒｉｃａ
Africaａｒｅ
areｎｏｔ
notｇｔｔｉｎｇ
gettingｒｉｃｈｅｒ
richerｔｈｅ
theｗａｙ
wayｃｉｔｉｅｓ
citiesｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｓｔ ｏｆ
rest of
theｗｏｒｌｄ
ｔｈｅ worldｈａｖｅ．Ｍｏｓｔ
have. Most urban
ｕｒｂａｎ Africans
Ａｆｒｉｃａｎｓ ｌｉｖｅliveｉｎ inｓｌｕｍｓ（贫民窟）； migrantsａｒｅ
slums(贫民窟);ｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓ areｏｆｔｅｎ
often ｎｏｔ
not ｍｕｃｈ
muchｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｏｆｆ
off ｔｈａｎ
than ｔｈｅｙ
they were in the
ｗｅｒｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ
ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｓｉｄｅ． Ｗｈｙ？
countryside. Why?
ＴｈｅTheｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ
immediate ｉｓ ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ．
problem is poverty.Ｍｏｓｔ ｏｆ ofＡｆｒｉｃａ
Most ｉｓisｕｒｂａｎｉｚｉｎｇ
Africa urbanizingａｔatａa ｌｏｗｅｒ
lowerｌｅｖｅｌ
level ｏｆ
of ｉｎｃｏｍｅ
incomeｔｈａｎ
than ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｒｅｇｉｏｎｓ
regions ｏｆ ｔｈｅ
of the
ｗｏｒｌｄ
worldｄｉｄ．
did. Ｔｈａｔ
That ｍｅａｎｓ
meansｔｈｅｒｅ＇ｓ
there’s ｌｉｔｌｅ ｍｏｎｅｙ ａｒｏｕｎｄ
little money aroundｆｏｒ
for ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ
investment ｔｈａｔ
that ｗｏｕｌｄ
would ｍａｋｅ
makeｃｉｔｉｅｓ
cities ｌｉｖｅａｂｌｅ ａｎｄ more
liveable and ｍｏｒｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ．
productive.
Ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
Withoutｕｐｇｒａｄｅｓ
upgradesａｎｄ
andｎｅｗ
newｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ，
capacity,ｂｒｉｄｇｅｓ，
bridges, ｒｏａｄｓ ａｎｄ power
roads and ｐｏｗｅｒ ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ
systems ａｒｅ
are ｕｎａｂｌｅ
unable ｔｏ ｃｏｐｅ with
to cope ｗｉｔｈ expanding
ｅｘｐａｎｄｉｎｇ populations.
ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ． With
Ｗｉｔｈ
５5
ｔｈｅtheｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｏｎ
exceptionｏｆofＳｏｕｔｈ
SouthＡｆｒｉｃａ，
Africa,ｔｈｅ
the ｏｎｌｙ
onlyｌｉｇｈｔ
light ｒａｉｌ ｍｅｔｒｏ system
rail metro ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｉｎin sub-Saharan
ｓｕｂ－Ｓａｈａｒａｎ Ａｆｒｉｃａ
Africa ｉｓ ｉｎ Addis
is in Ａｄｄｉｓ Ababa,
Ａｂａｂａ， Ｅｔｈｉｏｐｉａ． Ｔｒａｆｆｉｃ
Ethiopia. Traffic
ｊａｍjamｌｅａｄｓ
leadsｔｏtoｅｘｐｅｎｓｅ
expenseａｎｄ
andｕｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ，
unpredictability, ｔｈｉｎｇｓ ｔｈａｔ keep
things that ｋｅｅｐ investors
ｉｎｖｅｓｔｏｒｓaway.
ａｗａｙ．
ＩｎInｏｔｈｅｒ
otherｐａｒｔｓ
parts ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the ｗｏｒｌｄ，
world, ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ
increasing ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ and
agricultural productivity ａｎｄ industrialization
ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎwent
ｗｅｎｔtogether.
ｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒ．More
Ｍｏｒｅ productive
ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ
ｆａｒｍｅｒｓ
farmersｍｅａｎｔ
meantｔｈｅｒｅ ｗａｓwas
there ａ ｓｕｒｐｌｕｓ ｔｈａｔthatｃｏｕｌｄ
a surplus ｆｅｅｄ
could ｃｉｔｉｅｓ；
feed cities;ｉｎin ｔｕｒｎ，ｔｈａｔ
turn, that ｃｒｅａｔｅｄ
created ａa ｐｏｏｌ
pool ｏｆｌａｂｏｕｒ
of labourｆｏｒ
forｆａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓ． Ｂｕｔ Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ
factories. But African ｃｉｔｉｅｓ
cities
ａｒｅareｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ． Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅ
different. They are ｔｏｏ ｏｆｔｅｎ built
too often ｂｕｉｌｔaround
ａｒｏｕｎｄ consuming
ｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇ ｎａｔｕｒａｌ
natural ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ． Ｇｏｖｅｍｍｅｎｔ ｉｓ isｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄ
resources. Government ｉｎ inｃａｐｉｔａｌｓ，
concentrated capitals,ｓｏ
so ｉｓ ｔｈｅ
is the
money. Most
ｍｏｎｅｙ．Ｍｏｓｔ urban
ｕｒｂａｎ Africans
Ａｆｒｉｃａｎｓ ｗｏｒｋwork
ｆｏｒ for a small
ａ ｓｍａｌｌ minority
ｍｉｎｏｒｉｔｙ ｏｆ of
ｔｈｅtheｒｉｃｈ，
rich, who tend ｔｏ
ｗｈｏ ｔｅｎｄ to ｂｅ
be ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ
involved ｉｎ in either
ｅｉｔｈｅｒcronyish(有裙带关系
ｃｒｏｎｙｉｓｈ（有裙带关系
的)businessesｏｒorｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ．
的）ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓ politics. Since
Ｓｉｎｃｅ African agriculture ｉｓ
Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ is still
ｓｔｉｌｌbroadly
ｂｒｏａｄｌｙunproductive,
ｕｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅ，foodｆｏｏｄisｉｓimported,
ｉｍｐｏｒｔｅｄ，consuming
ｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇ aａ portion
ｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ ofｏｆ
ｒｅｖｅｎｕｌｅ．
revenue.
ＳｏSoｗｈａｔ ｃａｎcanｂｅbeｄｏｎｅ？
what Ｔｈｏｕｇｈ
done? Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ
Though ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ
African ａｒｅare
countries ｐｏｏｒ， ｎｏｔnotａｌｌallＡｆｒｉｃａｎ
poor, Africanｃｉｔｉｅｓ ａｒｅ．Ｉｎ
cities are. Ｌａｇｏｓ， ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ
In Lagos, ｏｉｌworkers
foreign oil ｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ can
ｃａｎ
ｐａｙpayａｓasｍｕｃｈ
muchａｓ as￥６５，０００ ｐｅｒ per
$ 65,000 ｙｅａｒyear
ｉｎ inｒｅｎｔrentｆｏｒforａ aｍｏｄｅｓｔ
modestａｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ inａ ｓａｆｅ
apartment a safeｐａｒｔ
partｏｆofｔｏｗｎ．Ｉｆ
town. Ifｔｈａｔ
that ｉｎｃｏｍｅ
incomeｗｅｒｅ
wereｂｅｔｔｅｒ
betterｔａｘｅｄ，
taxed, ｉｔ
it
ｍｉｇｈｔ
mightｐｒｏｖｉｄｅ
provideｔｈｅ
theｒｅｖｅｎｕｅ
revenueｆｏｒforｂｅｔｔｅｒ
betterｉｎｆｒａｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ．
infrastructure. IfＩｆ city
ｃｉｔｙleaders
ｌｅａｄｅｒｓwere
ｗｅｒｅmore
ｍｏｒｅ accountable
ａｃｃｏｕｎｔａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｅｉｒ residents,
to their ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ，ｔｈｅｙ ｍｉｇｈｔ
they might
ｆａｖｏｕｒ
favourｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓ
projects ｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄ
designed ｔｏ
to ｈｅｌｐ
help ｔｈｅｍ
them ｍｏｒｅ．
more.Ｙｅｔ
Yetｅｖｅｎ
evenａｓasｎｅｗ
newｒｏａｄｓ
roadsａｒｅ
areｂｕｉｌｔ， ｎｅｗ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
built, new people ａｒｒｉｖｅ． Ｗｈｅｎ ａaｃｉｔｙ＇ｓ
arrive. When ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ
city’s population
ｇｒｏｗｓ
growsｂｙby５ 5%ｙｅａｒ， ｉｔ ｉｓ
a year, it isｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ ｔｏ keep
difficult to ｋｅｅｐ up.
ｕｐ．

４６．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｏ doｗｅ weｌｅａｒｎ

46. What ｆｒｏｍ
learn ｔｈｅtheｐａｓｓａｇｅ
from passageａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｃｉｔｉｅｓ
cities ｉｎ ｓｕｂ－Ｓａｈａｒａｎ Africa?
in sub-Saharan Ａｆｒｉｃａ？
A) They
Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ have
ｈａｖｅ more
ｍｏｒｅ slums
ｓｌｕｍｓ ｔｈａｎthan other
ｏｔｈｅｒ citiesｉｎin ｔｈｅ
ｃｉｔｉｅｓ the world.
ｗｏｒｌｄ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｇｒｏｗｉｎｇ
growingｆａｓｔ
fast ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
without ｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇ
becomingｒｉｃｈｅｒ．
richer.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areａｓas ｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｚｅｄ
modernizedａｓasｍａｎｙ
manyｃｉｔｉｅｓ
cities elsewhere.
ｅｌｓｅｗｈｅｒｅ．
D) They
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ attractｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓ
ａｔｔｒａｃｔ migrantsｗｈｏ
who want
ｗａｎｔ ｔｏtoｂｅbeｂｅｔｔｅｒ
better ｏｆｆ．
off.
４７．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｏｅｓdoes
47. What ｔｈｅtheａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorｉｍｐｌｙ
implyａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｕｒｂａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ
urbanizationｉｎin ｏｔｈｅｒ ｐａｒｔｓofｏｆｔｈｅ
other parts ｗｏｒｌｄ？
the world?
Ａ）A)ＩｔIt ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｅｄ
benefited from the contribution
ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ of
ｏｆ immigrants.
ｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓ．
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｓｔａｒｔｅｄ ｗｈｅｎ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
started when ｉｎｃｏｍｅ ｗａｓ
people’s income wasｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｈｉｇｈ．
relatively high.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｅｄ
benefitedｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
theａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄ
acceleratedｒｉｓｅ
rise ｉｎ
in ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ．
productivity.
D) Itｓｔａｒｔｅｄ
Ｄ）Ｉｔ started ｗｉｔｈ
with ｔｈｅ
the improvement
ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ ｏｆofｐｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓ
people’s ｌｉｖｅｌｉｈｏｏｄ．
livelihood.
４８．Ｗｈｙ
48. Whyｉｓ isｓｕｂ－Ｓａｈａｒａｎ
sub-SaharanＡｆｒｉｃａ
Africaｕｎａｐｐｅａｌｉｎｇ
unappealingｔｏ to ｉｎｖｅｓｔｏｒｓ？
investors?
Ａ）A)ＩｔItｌａｃｋｓ
lacks ａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ
adequateｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ
transportｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ．
facilities.
B)The
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅ livingｅｘｐｅｎｓｅｓ
ｌｉｖｉｎｇ expensesｔｈｅｒｅ
thereａｒｅ
are ｔｏｏ
too ｈｉｇｈ．
high.
Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt ｉｓis on
ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ whole
ｗｈｏｌｅ too
ｔｏｏ densely
ｄｅｎｓｅｌｙ populated.
ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｅｄ．
D)The local governments are corrupted.
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅ ｌｏｃａｌ ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓ ａｒｅ ｃｏｒｒｕｐｔｅｄ．
４９．Ｉｎ
49. Inｗｈａｔ
whatｗａｙwayｄｏｅｓdoes
ｔｈｅtheａｕｔｈｏｒ ｓａｙsayＡｆｒｉｃａｎ
author Africanｃｉｔｉｅｓ
citiesａｒｅ
are ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ？
different?
A) They
Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ have
ｈａｖｅ attractedｈｕｇｅ
ａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄ hugeｎｕｍｂｅｒｓ
numbersｏｆofｆａｒｍ
farmｌａｂｏｕｒｅｒｓ．
labourers.
B) They
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ stillｒｅｌｙ
ｓｔｉｌｌ relyｈｅａｖｉｌｙ
heavilyｏｎonａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ
agricultural productivity.
ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ．
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｖｅ
haveｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
developed
ａｔatｔｈｅ
theｅｘｐｅｎｓｅ
expenseｏｆ
of ｎａｔｕｒｅ．
nature.
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｅｐｅｎｄ
dependｆａｒ
farｍｏｒｅ
moreｏｎonｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ
foreign ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ．
investment.
５０．Ｗｈａｔ ｍｉｇｈｔ ｂｅ ａ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ｆａｃｉｎｇ Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ ｃｉｔｉｅｓ？
50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?
A)Loweringｏｆofａｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ
Ａ）Ｌｏｗｅｒｉｎｇ apartmentｒｅｎｔ．
rent.
B)Betterｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
Ｂ）Ｂｅｔｔｅｒ educationｆｏｒ
forｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ．
residents.
Ｃ）C)Ｍｏｒｅ
More rationalｏｖｅｒａｌｌ
ｒａｔｉｏｎａｌ overall planning.
ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ．
Ｄ）D)ＡAｍｏｒｅ
moreｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ
responsible government.
ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ．

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ
Passage Two
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions５１51ｔｏto５５
55ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
following passage.
Forｔｈｅ
Ｆｏｒ theｐａｓｔ
past ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ
several decades,
ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ， itｉｔseems
ｓｅｅｍｓ there’s
ｔｈｅｒｅ＇ｓbeen
ｂｅｅｎa ａgeneral
ｇｅｎｅｒａｌconsensus
ｃｏｎｓｅｎｓｕｓonｏｎhow
ｈｏｗ to
ｔｏget
ｇｅｔahead
ａｈｅａｄinｉｎAmerica: Get ａa college
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ：Ｇｅｔ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
education,ｆｉｎｄ
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ， find ａa ｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅ
reliable job,
ｊｏｂ， and
ａｎｄ buy your ｏｗｎ
ｂｕｙ ｙｏｕｒ ownｈｏｍｅ．
home.ＢｕｔBut
ｄｏ do Americans
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ ｓｔｉｌｌstill believe
ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ ｉｎ inｔｈａｔ
thatｐａｔｈ，
path,ａｎｄ
andｉｆifｔｈｅｙ
theyｄｏ，
do,ｉｓis ｉｔ
it
ａｔｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ？
attainable?
Ｔｈｅ
Theｍｏｓｔ
mostｒｅｃｅｎｔ
recentＮａｔｉｏｎａｌ
NationalＪｏｕｒｎａｌ
Journalｐｏｌｌ
poll ａｓｋｅｄ
asked ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｎｔｓ
respondents ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｔｈｅ
the Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ
Americanｄｒｅａｍ，
dream,ｗｈａｔ
whatｉｔitｔａｋｅｓ
takesｔｏto ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ
achieve ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
ｇｏａｌｓ， ａｎｄ ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ ｏｒ ｎｏｔ ｔｈｅｙ ｆｅｌｔ ａ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ａｍｏｕｎｔ ｏｆ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｏｖｅｒ ｔｈｅｉｒ ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ． Ｏｖｅｒｗｈｅｌｍｉｎｇｌｙ， ｔｈｅ
goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the

６6
 results ｓｈｏｗ
ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ showｔｈａｔ
thatｔｏｄａｙ，
today, ｔｈｅ
the ｉｄｅａ
idea of
ｏｆ the
ｔｈｅ American dream—and
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｄｒｅａｍ—－ａｎｄ what
ｗｈａｔ ｉｔ itｔａｋｅｓ
takesｔｏtoａｃｈｉｅｖｅ
achieveｉｔ—ｌｏｏｋｓ
it—looksｑｕｉｔｅ
quiteｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
differentｔｈａｎ
thanｉｔit did
ｄｉｄ in
ｉｎ
ｔｈｅtheｌａｔｅ
late ２０ｔｈ
20th ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ．
century.
ＢｙByａｎｄandｌａｒｇｅ，
large,ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｆｅｌｔ
felt ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｉｒactions
that their ａｃｔｉｏｎｓandａｎｄhard
ｈａｒｄwork—not
ｗｏｒｋ—ｎｏｔ ｏｕｔｓｉｄｅ ｆｏｒｃｅｓ—ｗｅｒｅ ｔｈｅ
outside forces—were the ｄｅｃｉｄｉｎｇ
deciding ｆａｃｔｏｒ ｉｎ how
factor in ｈｏｗ ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
ｌｉｖｅｓ
livesｔｕｒｎｅｄ
turned ｏｕｔ． Ｂｕｔ respondents
out. But ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｎｔｓ ｈａｄ
had ｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｌｙ
decidedly ｍｉｘｅｄ
mixedｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｓ
feelings ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｗｈａｔ
whatａｃｔｉｏｎｓ
actions ｍａｋｅ
makeｆｏｒ
forａa ｂｅｔｔｅｒｌｉｆｅ
better life inｉｎcurrent
ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔeconomy.
ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ．
ＩｎInｔｈｅ
the ｌａｓｔ ｓｅｖｅｎ years,
last seven ｙｅａｒｓ，Americans
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ have
ｈａｖｅ grown
ｇｒｏｗｎ ｍｏｒｅ
moreｐｅｓｓｉｍｉｓｔｉｃ
pessimistic ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｔｈｅ
the ｐｏｗｅｒ
powerｏｆof ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
education ｔｏ
to ｌｅａｄ ｔｏ success.
lead to ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ．Even
Ｅｖｅｎ
ｔｈｏｕｇｈ
thoughｔｈｅｙ
theyｓｅｅ
seeｇｏｉｎｇ
goingｔｏtoｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
collegeａｓas ａa ｆａｉｒｌｙ ａｃｈｉｅｖａｂｌｅgoal,
fairly achievable ｇｏａｌ，a ａmajority—52
ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ—５２percent—think
ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ—ｔｈｉｎｋ that
ｔｈａｔyoung
ｙｏｕｎｇ people
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ doｄｏ not
ｎｏｔ need
ｎｅｅｄ aａ
ｆｏｕｒ－ｙｅａｒ
four-yearｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
collegeｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
educationｉｎin ｏｒｄｅｒ
order ｔｏ ｂｅ successful.
to be ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ．
Ｍｉｇｕｅｌ
MiguelＭａｅｄａ，４２， ｗｈｏ who
Maeda, 42, ｈａｓ ａhasｍａｓｔｅｒ＇ｓ ｄｅｇｒｅｅ
a master’s ａｎｄ and
degree ｗｏｒｋｓworks
ｉｎ ｐｕｂｌｉｃ ｈｅａｌｔｈ，
in public ｗａｓwas
health, ｔｈｅ the
ｆｉｒｓｔ
firstｉｎinｈｉｓ
hisｆａｍｉｌｙ
familyｔｏto ｇｏ
goｔｏ
to ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ，
college,
ｗｈｉｃｈ
whichｈａｓ
hasａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｈｉｍhim
allowed ｔｏ toａｃｈｉｅｖｅ ａ ｓｅｎｓｅ
achieve ｏｆ ofｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ
a sense financialｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｈｉｓ parents
stability his ｐａｒｅｎｔｓ and
ａｎｄ grandparents
ｇｒａｎｄｐａｒｅｎｔｓ never
ｎｅｖｅｒ ｄｉｄ．
did.
Ｗｈｉｌｅ
Whileｓｏｍｅ， ｌｉｋｅlikeＭａｅｄａ，
some, ｅｍｐｈａｓｉｚｅｄ
Maeda, ｔｈｅ ｖａｌｕｅ
emphasized ｏｆ ｔｈｅof the
the value ｄｅｇｒｅｅ ｒａｔｈｅｒ
degree ｔｈａｎthan
rather ｔｈｅ the
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｔｓｅｌｆ，
education itself,ｏｔｈｅｒｓ
othersｓｔｉｌｌ ｓｅｅ college
still see ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ asａｓ
ａ aｗａｙwayｔｏtoｇａｉｎ
gainｎｅｗ
newｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｓ
perspectivesａｎｄ
andｌｉｆｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｓ．
life experiences.
Ｓｉｘｔｙ－ｙｅａｒ－ｏｌｄ
Sixty-year-old Ｗｉｌｌ
Will Ｆｅｎｄｌｅｙ，
Fendley, ｗｈｏ
whoｈａｄ
hadａ aｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ
successfulｃａｒｅｅｒ
careerｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｍｉｌｉｔａｒｙ
military ａｎｄ
and ｎｅｖｅｒ
never ｅａｒｎｅｄ
earned ａa ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
college ｄｅｇｒｅｅ，
degree, ｔｈｉｎｋｓ
thinks
“personal ｄｒｉｖｅ＂ｉｓ
＂ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ drive” isｆａｒ
far ｍｏｒｅ
moreｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
importantｔｈａｎ
thanｊｕｓｔ
just ｇｏｉｎｇ
going ｔｏ
to ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ．
college. To
Ｔｏ Fendley,
Ｆｅｎｄｌｅｙ，ａa ｓｅｎｓｅ
sense ｏｆ
of ｄｒｉｖｅ
drive and purpose, ａｓ
ａｎｄ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ， as well
ｗｅｌｌ as
ａｓ an
ａｎ
ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ
effective ｈｉｇｈ－ｓｃｈｏｏｌ
high-school ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ，
education, ａｎｄ
and ｂａｓｉｃ
basic ｌｉｆｅ
life ｓｋｉｌｌｓ， ｌｉｋｅbalancing
skills, like ｂａｌａｎｃｉｎｇaａcheckbook,
ｃｈｅｃｋｂｏｏｋ， ａｒｅ
are ｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙ
necessary ｉｎｇｒｅｄｉｅｎｔｓ ｆｏｒ aａ
ingredients for
ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ
successfulｌｉｆｅ ｉｎAmerica.
life in Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ．
５１．Ｉｔ ｕｓｅｄ toｔｏbeｂｅcommonly
51. It used ｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙacknowledged
ａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｄthatｔｈａｔ ｔｏ ｓｕｃｃｅｅｄ
to succeed ｉｎ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ，
in America, one had ｏｎｅ ｈａｄ ｔｏ ｈａｖｅ＿＿.
to have
A)ａｎ
Ａ） an ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ
advanced ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃ
academic degree
ｄｅｇｒｅｅ
Ｂ）ａｎ
B)anａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎ
ambitionｔｏ
to ｇｅｔ ａｈｅａｄ
get ahead
Ｃ）C)ａ aｆｉｒｍ
firmｂｅｌｉｅｆ
belief ｉｎ
in their
ｔｈｅｉｒdream
ｄｒｅａｍ
Ｄ）D)ａ aｓｅｎｓｅ
sense ｏｆ
of drive
ｄｒｉｖｅ and
ａｎｄ purpose
ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅ
５２．Ｗｈａｔ ｉｓ isｔｈｅtheｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ
52. What findingｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ ｌａｔｅｓｔNational
the latest ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌJournal
Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌpollｐｏｌｌ ｃｏｎｃｅｍｉｎｇtheｔｈｅAmerican
concerning Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎdream?
ｄｒｅａｍ？
Ａ）A)Ｍｏｒｅ
Moreａｎｄand more
ｍｏｒｅ Americans
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ ａｒｅ are finding
ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ ｉｔ itｈａｒｄ
hardｔｏtoｒｅａｌｉｚｅ．
realize.
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｒｅｍａｉｎｓ
remains ａｌｉｖｅ
alive among the majority
ａｍｏｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ of
ｏｆAmerican
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ people.
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ．
Ｃ）C)Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ＇ｉｄｅａ
Americans’ idea ｏｆofｉｔit ｈａｓ
has ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ
changedｏｖｅｒ
over ｔｈｅ
the past
ｐａｓｔ few
ｆｅｗ decades.
ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ．
D)An
Ｄ）Ａｎ increasingｎｕｍｂｅｒ
ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ numberｏｆofｙｏｕｎｇ
youngＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ
Americansａｒｅareａｂａｎｄｏｎｉｎｇ
abandoningｉｔ．
it.
５３．Ｗｈａｔ
53.WhatｄｏdoＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ ｎｏｗnow
Americans ｔｈｉｎｋthink
ｏｆ ofｔｈｅtheｒｏｌｅ
roleｏｆofｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
college ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
education ｉｎ ａｃｈｉｅｖｉｎｇ success?
in achieving ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ？
A)Itｓｔｉｌｌ
Ａ）Ｉｔ still remains
ｒｅｍａｉｎｓ open
ｏｐｅｎ to
ｔｏ debate.
ｄｅｂａｔｅ．
Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｈａｓ
has proved to be
ｐｒｏｖｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ beyond
ｂｅｙｏｎｄ doubt.
ｄｏｕｂｔ．
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItｉｓ
is ｎｏ
no ｌｏｎｇｅｒ
longer ａｓ
as ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ
importantａｓasｉｔ
it used to be.
ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ．
Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｉｓ
is much better understood
ｍｕｃｈ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ now than ｅｖｅｒ．
ｎｏｗ ｔｈａｎ ever.
５４．Ｈｏｗ
54.Howｄｏdoｓｏｍｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
some peopleｖｉｅｗ
viewｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
collegeｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ
education ｔｈｅｓｅ ｄａｙｓ？
these days?
Ａ）A)ＩｔIt ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｓ
promotesｇｅｎｄｅｒ
genderｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙ．
equality. Ｂ）B)ＩｔIt ｎｅｅｄｓ
needs ｔｏ
to be
ｂｅ strengthened.
ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｅｄ．
Ｃ）C)ＩｔItａｄｄｓ
addsｔｏtoｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ
cultural ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ．
diversity. Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｈｅｌｐｓ
helps broaden their minds.
ｂｒｏａｄｅｎ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｍｉｎｄｓ．
５５．Ｗｈａｔ
55. Whatｉｓ isｏｎｅoneｆａｃｔｏｒ
factorｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ
essential ｔｏ ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓ inｉｎAmerica,
to success Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ， according
ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ to
ｔｏ Will
ＷｉｌｌFendley?
Ｆｅｎｄｌｅｙ？
Ａ）A)ＡAｄｅｓｉｒｅ
desireｔｏ to ｌｅａｒｎ
learn and
ａｎｄ to
ｔｏ adapt.
ａｄａｐｔ． Ｂ）B)ＡAｓｔｒｏｎｇ
strongｓｅｎｓｅ
senseｏｆofｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ．
responsibility.
Ｃ）C)ＡAｗｉｌｌｉｎｇｎｅｓｓ
willingness ｔｏ to commit oneself.
ｃｏｍｍｉｔ ｏｎｅｓｅｌｆ． Ｄ）D)ＡAｃｌｅａｒ
clear ａｉｍ
aim ａｎｄ
and ｈｉｇｈ
high ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎ．
motivation.

Ｐａｒｔ
Part ＩⅣ
Ⅳ Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translation (30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
（３０ minutes)
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ；
Directions:Ｆｏｒ
Forｔｈｉｓ
this ｐａｒｔ， ｙｏｕ are
part, you ａｒｅallowed
ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ 30３０ minutes
ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ toｔｏ translate
ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅa passage
ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅfrom
ｆｒｏｍChinese
Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅinto
ｉｎｔｏ English.
Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ． You
Ｙｏｕ should
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ write
ｗｒｉｔｅ
ｙｏｕｒ
your ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｏｎAnswer
answer on Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ
Sheet ２．
2.
华山位于华阴市，距西安１２０公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与
华山位于华阴市，距西安 120 公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与
从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上
从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上
山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪
山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪 ９０年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
90 年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。

７7