2017 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）

２０１７年１２月大学英语四级考试真题（第１套）
Ｐａｒｔ
Part IＩ Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ
Writing （３０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
(30minutes)
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）
（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒ
Directions: Forｔｈｉｓ
this ｐａｒｔ， ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ
part, you ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ３０
are allowed 30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
minutes ｔｏ
to ｗｒｉｔｅ
write aａ short
ｓｈｏｒｔ essay
ｅｓｓａｙonｏｎ how
ｈｏｗ ｔｏ
to ｂｅｓｔ ｈａｎｄｌｅ ｔｈｅ
best handle the ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ
relationship
ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ
betweenｐａｒｅｎｔｓ ａｎｄandｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．
parents children.Ｙｏｕ ｓｈｏｕｌｄ
You ｗｒｉｔｅ
should writeａｔat ｌｅａｓｔ１２０ ｗｏｒｄｓ ｂｕｔ
least120 words ｎｏ more
but no ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ 180
１８０ words.
ｗｏｒｄｓ．

Ｐａｒｔ
Part IIＩ Ｌｉｓｔｅｎｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Listening Comprehension （２５
(25 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section AＡ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:ＩｎInｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ
section, you ｈｅａｒ three
will hear ｔｈｒｅｅ news
ｎｅｗｓ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ． Ａｔ the
reports. At ｔｈｅ end
ｅｎｄ ofｏｆ each
ｅａｃｈ news
ｎｅｗｓ ｒｅｐｏｒｔ， ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ
report, you ｈｅａｒ two
will hear ｔｗｏ ｏｒ
or ｔｈｒｅｅ
three
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．
questions. Ｂｏｔｈ
Bothｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｗｓ
newsｒｅｐｏｒｔ
report ａｎｄ
and ｔｈｅ
the ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｌｌ beｂｅspoken
questions will ｓｐｏｋｅｎ only
ｏｎｌｙ once.
ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ ｈｅａｒ
After you hear aａ question,
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ，you
ｙｏｕ must
ｍｕｓｔ choose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ the
ｔｈｅ
ｂｅｓｔ
bestａｎｓｗｅｒ
answerｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｒ choices
the four ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓmarked
ｍａｒｋｅｄA),
Ａ），Ｂ）， Ｃ）and
B), C) ａｎｄD).
Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ ｍａｒｋ the
Then mark ｔｈｅ corresponding
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter on Answer
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ 1１ with
ｗｉｔｈ
ａ aｓｉｎｇｌｅ
singleｌｉｎｅ
line ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
through ｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１ 1ａｎｄ
and２ 2ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
basedｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｗｓ
news ｒｅｐｏｒｔ
report ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
1. A)Ｈｅｒ
１．Ａ） Herｇｒａｎｄｆａｔｈｅｒ．
grandfather. Ｃ）C)Ｈｅｒ
Herｆｒｉｅｎｄ
friend Ｅｒｉｋａ．
Erika.
Ｂ）B)Ｈｅｒ
Her ｇｒａｎｄｍｏｔｈｅｒ．
grandmother. Ｄ）D)ＨｅｒHerｌｉｔｔｌｅ
little brother.
ｂｒｏｔｈｅｒ．
2. A)ＢｙBy
２．Ａ） takingｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ
ｔａｋｉｎｇ picturesｆｏｒ
for ｐａｓｓｅｒｓ－ｂｙ．
passers-by. Ｃ）C)ＢｙByｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
working partｔｉｍｅ
ｐａｒｔ timeａｔatａaｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ．
hospital.
B) By
Ｂ）Ｂｙ sellingｌｅｍｏｎａｄｅ
ｓｅｌｌｉｎｇ lemonadeａｎｄ andｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ．
pictures. Ｄ）D)ＢｙByａｓｋｉｎｇ
askingｆｏｒ
forｈｅｌｐ
help ｏｎ
on ｓｏｃｉａｌ
social media.
ｍｅｄｉａ．
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions３ 3ａｎｄ
and４ 4ａｒｅ
areｂａｓｅｄ
basedｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｎｅｗｓ
newsｒｅｐｏｒｔ
report ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
3. A)Ｔｅｓｔｉｎｇ
３．Ａ） Testingｔｈｅ
theｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ
efficiency ｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ
the new solar panel.
ｎｅｗ ｓｏｌａｒ ｐａｎｅｌ．
Ｂ）B)Ｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇ
Providingｃｌｅａｎ
cleanｅｎｅｒｇｙ
energyｔｏtoｆｉｖｅ
five ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ
million people.
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ．
Ｃ）C)Ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇ
Generatingｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ
electric ｐｏｗｅｒ
powerｆｏｒ
for ｐａｓｓｉｎｇ
passing ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓ．
vehicles.
Ｄ）D)Ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ
Findingｃｈｅａｐｅｒ
cheaperｗａｙｓ
waysｏｆof ｈｉｇｈｗａｙ
highwayｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ．
construction.
４．Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅare
4. A) They ｏｎｌｙ ａｂｏｕｔ
only ｈａｌｆ
about halfａｎanｉｎｃｈ
inchｔｈｉｃｋ．
thick.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
are ｍａｄｅ
madeｆｒｏｍ
fromｃｈｅａｐ
cheapｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ．
materials.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｃａｎcanｂｅbeｌａｉｄ
laidｒｉｇｈｔ
right ｏｎ
on ｔｏｐ
top ｏｆ
of existing
ｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇhighways.
ｈｉｇｈｗａｙｓ．
D) They
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ ｃａｎcan stand
ｓｔａｎｄ ｔｈｅtheｗｅａｒ
wearａｎｄ
and tearｏｆofｎａｔｕｒａｌ
ｔｅａｒ natural elements.
ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ．
Questions５ 5ｔｏto ７7 ａｒｅ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ are based
ｂａｓｅｄ on
ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ news
ｎｅｗｓ report
ｒｅｐｏｒｔ you
ｙｏｕ have just heard.
ｈａｖｅｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
５．Ａ）
5. A)Ｔｈｅ ｌａｃｋ
The lackｏｆofｃｌｕｅｓ
cluesａｂｏｕｔ
about ｔｈｅ
the ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ．
species. Ｃ）C)Ｅｎｄｌｅｓｓ
Endlessｆｉｇｈｔｉｎｇ
fightingｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｇｉｏｎ．
region.
Ｂ）B)Ｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ
Inadequateｆｕｎｄｉｎｇ
fundingｆｏｒ
for ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ．
research. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅ
Theｈａｚａｒｄｓ
hazardsｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
theｄｅｓｅｒｔ．
desert.
6. A)ＴｏTo
６．Ａ） observe
ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅ ｔｈｅthe wildlifeｉｎinｔｈｅ
ｗｉｌｄｌｉｆｅ the ｔｗｏ
two ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ
national ｐａｒｋｓ．
parks.
B) To
Ｂ）Ｔｏ study
ｓｔｕｄｙ ｔｈｅtheｈａｂｉｔａｔ
habitatｏｆ
of ｌｉｏｎｓ
lions in
ｉｎ Sudan
Ｓｕｄａｎ and Ethiopia.
ａｎｄ Ｅｔｈｉｏｐｉａ．
Ｃ）C)ＴｏToｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ
identifyｔｈｅ
the ｒｅａｓｏｎｓ
reasons ｆｏｒ
for the
ｔｈｅ lions’ disappearance.
ｌｉｏｎｓ＇ｄｉｓａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅ．
Ｄ）Ｔｏ ｆｉｎｄ
D) To findｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ ｏｆofｔｈｅtheｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅ
evidence existenceｏｆ
of ｔｈｅ＂ｌｏｓｔ
the “lost ｌｉｏｎｓ＂．
lions”.
７．Ａ）
7. A)Ｌｉｏｎｓ＇
Lions’ｔｒａｃｋｓ．
tracks. Ｃ）C)Ｓｏｍｅ
Some camping
ｃａｍｐｉｎｇ facilities.
ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ．
B) Lions walking.
Ｂ） Ｌｉｏｎｓ ｗａｌｋｉｎｇ． D) Traps set by local hunters.
Ｄ） Ｔｒａｐｓ ｓｅｔ ｂｙ ｌｏｃａｌ ｈｕｎｔｅｒｓ．

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions ： ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，
In this section,ｙｏｕ
youｗｉｌｌ
willｈｅａｒ
hearｔｗｏ
twoｌｏｎｇ
longｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎｓ．
conversations. Ａｔ
Atｔｈｅ
the ｅｎｄ
endｏｆof ｅａｃｈ
eachｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ，
conversation, ｙｏｕ
you ｗｉｌｌ
will ｈｅａｒ ｆｏｕｒ
hear four
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ． Ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ ｓｐｏｋｅｎ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ ｙｏｕ ｈｅａｒ ａ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ ｍｕｓｔ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ the
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose ｔｈｅ
ｂｅｓｔ
best ａｎｓｗｅｒ
answer ｆｒｏｍ
from ｔｈｅ ｆｏｕｒ choices
the four ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓmarked
ｍａｒｋｅｄA),
Ａ），Ｂ）， Ｃ），and
B), C), ａｎｄD).Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ ｍａｒｋ the
Then mark ｔｈｅ corresponding
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter on Answer
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ 1１
ｗｉｔｈ
withａaｓｉｎｇｌｅ
single ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ
line through ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
the centre.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions８ 8ｔｏto１１
11 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ you
the conversation ｙｏｕ ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
8. A) A special gift from the man.
８．Ａ） Ａ ｓｐｅｃｉａｌ ｇｉｆｔ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｍａｎ． Ｃ） Ａ ｃａｌｌ ｆｒｏｍ ｈｅｒ dad.
C) A call from her ｄａｄ．
１ 1
 B)Ｈｅｒ
Ｂ） Herｗｅｄｄｉｎｇ
weddingａｎｎｉｖｅｒｓａｒｙ．
anniversary. Ｄ）D)Ｈｅｒ
Herｌｕｃｋｙ
‘luckyｂｉｒｔｈｄａｙ＇．
birthday’.
９．Ａ）Ｔｈｒｅｗ ｈｅｒher
9. A) Threw ａ ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｅ
a surpriseｐａｒｔｙ．
party. Ｃ）C)Ｂｏｕｇｈｔ
Boughtｈｅｒ
herａaｇｏｌｄ
gold ｎｅｃｋｌａｃｅ．
necklace.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｏｏｋ
Tookｈｅｒ
herｏｎonａ aｔｒｉｐ ｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓ．
trip overseas. Ｄ）D)Ｇａｖｅ
Gaveｈｅｒ
herａ aｂｉｇ
big ｍｏｄｅｌ
model ｐｌａｎｅ．
plane.
10. A)Ｗｈａｔ
１０．Ａ） Whatｈｅｒ
herｈｕｓｂａｎｄ
husbandａｎｄ
andｔｈｅ
theｍａｎ
manａｒｅ
are ｕｐ
up ｔｏ．
to.
Ｂ）B)Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｈａｓ
hasｂｅｅｎ
beenｔｒｏｕｂｌｉｎｇ ｈｅｒ husband.
troubling her ｈｕｓｂａｎｄ．
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
Theｔｒｉｐ
trip her
ｈｅｒ husband has planned.
ｈｕｓｂａｎｄ ｈａｓ ｐｌａｎｎｅｄ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅ
Theｇｉｆｔ
gift ｈｅｒ
her husband
ｈｕｓｂａｎｄ has
ｈａｓ bought.
ｂｏｕｇｈｔ．
11. A)ＨｅHe
１１．Ａ） wants
ｗａｎｔｓ ｔｏ toｆｉｎｄ
findｏｕｔ
outａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
theｃｏｕｐｌｅ＇ｓ
couple’s ｈｏｌｉｄａｙ
holiday ｐｌａｎ．
plan.
B) He
Ｂ）Ｈｅ ｉｓ isｅａｇｅｒ
eagerｔｏtoｌｅａｒｎ
learnｈｏｗ
howｔｈｅ
theｃｏｕｐｌｅ＇ｓ
couple’sｈｏｌｉｄａｙ
holidayｔｕｒｎｓ
turns ｏｕｔ．
out.
Ｃ）C)ＨｅHeｗｉｌｌ
willｔｅｌｌ
tell the
ｔｈｅ women theｓｅｃｒｅｔ
ｗｏｍｅｎ ｔｈｅ secret ｉｆ
if her
ｈｅｒ husband agrees.
ｈｕｓｂａｎｄ ａｇｒｅｅｓ．
Ｄ）Ｈｅ ｗｉｌｌwill
D) He ｂｅ be
ｇｌａｄgladｔｏ toｂｅbeａ aｇｕｉｄｅ
guideｆｏｒ
forｔｈｅ
theｃｏｕｐｌｅ＇ｓ
couple’sｈｏｌｉｄａｙ
holidayｔｒｉｐ．
trip.
Questions１２12ｔｏto１５
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 15ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎ
conversation ｙｏｕ
you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ
just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．
12. A)Ｔｈｅｙ
１２．Ａ） They take
ｔａｋｅ ｔｈｅtheｒｉｖａｌ＇ｓ
rival’sａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅ
attitude into
ｉｎｔｏ account.
ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ．
B) They
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ know
ｋｎｏｗ ｗｈｅｎwhen to adopt
ｔｏ ａｄｏｐｔ a toughａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅ．
ａ ｔｏｕｇｈ attitude.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｓｅｅ
seeｔｈｅ
the importance
ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ of ｏｆmaking
ｍａｋｉｎｇ compromises.
ｃｏｍｐｒｏｍｉｓｅｓ．
D) They
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅare sensitiveｔｏtoｔｈｅ
ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ the ｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ
dynamicsｏｆofａa ｎｅｇｏｔｉａｔｉｏｎ．
negotiation.
１３．Ａ）
13. A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｋｎｏｗ
knowｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｏtoｓｔｏｐ．
stop. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
They ｋｎｏｗ
knowｗｈｅｎ
whenｔｏ
to make compromises.
ｍａｋｅ ｃｏｍｐｒｏｍｉｓｅｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｋｎｏｗ
knowｈｏｗ
howｔｏtoａｄａｐｔ．
adapt. D) They
Ｄ）Ｔｈｅｙ know
ｋｎｏｗ ｈｏｗhow
ｔｏ to controlｔｈｅｉｒ
ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ their ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎ．
emotion.
１４．Ａ）
14. A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｐａｔｉｅｎｔ．
patient. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｇｏｏｄ
goodａｔat ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．
expression.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｌｅａｒｎ
learn ｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ．
quickly. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｕｐｈｏｌｄ
uphold theirｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ．
ｔｈｅｉｒ principles.
15. A)Ｃｌａｒｉｆｙ
１５．Ａ） Clarifyｉｔｅｍｓ
itemsｏｆof ｎｅｇｏｔｉａｔｉｏｎ．
negotiation. Ｃ）C)Ｇｅｔ
Getｔｏtoｋｎｏｗ
knowｔｈｅ
theｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｓｉｄｅ．
side.
Ｂ）B)Ｍａｋｅ ｃｌｅａｒ
Make clearｏｎｅ＇ｓ
one'sｉｎｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｓ．
intentions. Ｄ）D)Ｆｏｒｍｕｌａｔｅ
Formulateｏｎｅ＇ｓ
one'sｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ．
strategy.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:ＩｎInｔｈｉｓ
this ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ ｗｉｌｌ
section, you ｈｅａｒ three
will hear ｔｈｒｅｅ passages.
ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ．ＡｔAt ｔｈｅ
the ｅｎｄ
end ｏｆ
of ｅａｃｈ
eachｐａｓｓａｇｅ，
passage,ｙｏｕyouｗｉｌｌ
willｈｅａｒ
hearｔｈｒｅｅ
three ｏｒ
or ｆｏｕｒ
four ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．
questions.
Ｂｏｔｈ
Bothｔｈｅ
theｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageａｎｄ
andｔｈｅtheｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｗｉｌｌ ｂｅ spoken
will be ｓｐｏｋｅｎ ｏｎｌｙ ｏｎｃｅ．Ａｆｔｅｒ
only once. After ｙｏｕ
you ｈｅａｒ
hear ａa ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ， ｙｏｕ must
question, you ｍｕｓｔ choose
ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｓｔ answer
the best ａｎｓｗｅｒ
ｆｒｏｍ
fromｔｈｅ
theｆｏｕｒ
four ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｍａｒｋｅｄ Ａ），Ｂ），
choices marked A), B), Ｃ）， Ｄ）．Ｔｈｅｎ
C), D). Thenｍａｒｋ
markｔｈｅ
theｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ letter onｏｎAnswer
corresponding ｌｅｔｔｅｒ Sheet１ 1ｗｉｔｈ
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ withａ aｓｉｎｇｌｅ
single ｌｉｎｅ
line
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｔｈｅ
the ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions１６16ｔｏto１８
18 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ
the passage you ｈａｖｅ
have ｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
16. A)Ｈｏｗ
１６．Ａ） How space
ｓｐａｃｅ researchｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ benefitsｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ｏｎ
on Ｅａｒｔｈ．
Earth.
Ｂ）B)Ｗｈｅｎ
Whenｔｈｅthe InternationalＳｐａｃｅ
Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ SpaceＳｔａｔｉｏｎ
Stationｗａｓ
wasｂｕｉｌｔ．
built.
Ｃ）C)Ｈｏｗ
How many
ｍａｎｙ space
ｓｐａｃｅ shuttleｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ
ｓｈｕｔｔｌｅ missionsｔｈｅｒｅ
thereｗｉｌｌ
will ｂｅ．
be.
D) When America's earliest space program started.
Ｄ） Ｗｈｅｎ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ＇ｓ ｅａｒｌｉｅｓｔ ｓｐａｃｅ ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ ｓｔａｒｔｅｄ．
１７．Ａ）
17. A)Ｔｈｅｙ ｔｒｉｅｄ
They triedｔｏtoｍａｋｅ
makeｂｅｓｔ
bestｕｓｅ
useｏｆofｔｈｅ
theｌａｔｅｓｔ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．
latest technology.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｒｉｅｄ
triedｔｏ
to ｍｅｅｔ
meet ａｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｓ＇ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃ
astronauts' specific requirements.
ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ．
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ
developed objects
ｏｂｊｅｃｔｓ ｆｏｒforａｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｓ
astronautsｔｏtoｕｓｅ
use ｉｎ
in outer
ｏｕｔｅｒ space.
ｓｐａｃｅ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
They accurately
ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｌｙ calculatedｔｈｅ
ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄ theｓｐｅｅｄ
speedｏｆofｔｈｅ
theｏｒｂｉｔｉｎｇ
orbitingｓｈｕｔｔｌｅｓ．
shuttles.
18. A)Ｔｈｅｙ
１８．Ａ） Theyａｒｅ
areｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ
expensive to
ｔｏ make.
ｍａｋｅ． Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｅｒｅ
wereｆｉｒｓｔ
first ｍａｄｅ
madeｉｎ in ｓｐａｃｅ．
space.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙ
extremely ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅ．
accurate. Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｗｅｒｅ
wereｉｎｖｅｎｔｅｄ
inventedｉｎ in ｔｈｅ
the 1970s.
１９７０ｓ．
Questions１９19ｔｏto２１
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 21 ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the passage you ｈａｖｅ
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｙｏｕ have ｊｕｓｔ
just heard.
ｈｅａｒｄ．
19. A) Everything was natural and genuine
１９．Ａ）Ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ ｗａｓ ｎａｔｕｒａｌ ａｎｄ ｇｅｎｕｉｎｅ ｔｈｅｎ． then.
Ｂ）B)Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
Peopleｈａｄ
hadｐｌｅｎｔｙ
plentyｏｆofｌａｎｄ
landｔｏtoｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｅ
cultivate then.
ｔｈｅｎ．
Ｃ）C)ＩｔIt marked the beginning
ｍａｒｋｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ of
ｏｆ something
ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ new.
ｎｅｗ．
Ｄ）D)ＩｔIt ｗａｓ
was ｗｈｅｎ
whenｈｅｒ
her ａｎｃｅｓｔｏｒｓ
ancestors came
ｃａｍｅ toｔｏ America.
Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ．
20. A) They were known to be
２０．Ａ） Ｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｋｎｏｗｎ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ．creative. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｈａｄ
hadａｌｌ
allｋｉｎｄｓ
kinds ｏｆ
of ｅｎｔｅｒｔａｉｎｍｅｎｔ．
entertainment.
B) They
Ｂ）Ｔｈｅｙ enjoyed
ｅｎｊｏｙｅｄ living
ｌｉｖｉｎｇ a livingａ aｌｉｆｅ
ａ ｌｉｖｉｎｇ life of ｅａｓｅ． Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
ｏｆ ease. Theyｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ
believedｉｎinｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ
workingｆｏｒ
for ｇｏａｌｓ．
goals.
21. A) Chatting with her ancestors.
２１．Ａ） Ｃｈａｔｔｉｎｇ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｅｒ ａｎｃｅｓｔｏｒｓ． C) Furnishing her country house.
Ｃ） Ｆｕｒｎｉｓｈｉｎｇ ｈｅｒ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ ｈｏｕｓｅ．
乙2
 B) Doing
Ｂ）Ｄｏｉｎｇ needlework
ｎｅｅｄｌｅｗｏｒｋ ｂｙbyｔｈｅtheｆｉｒｅ．
fire. Ｄ）D)Ｐｏｌｉｓｈｉｎｇ
Polishingａｌｌ
all ｔｈｅ
the ｓｉｌｖｅｒ
silver work.
ｗｏｒｋ．
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions２２22ｔｏto ２５
25 ａｒｅ ｂａｓｅｄ on
are based ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ passage
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ you
ｙｏｕ have
ｈａｖｅｊｕｓｔ ｈｅａｒｄ．
just heard.
２２．Ａ）
22. A)Ｓｉｔ
Sitｄｏｗｎ
downａｎｄ
andｔｒｙ
tryｔｏto ｃａｌｍ
calm ｙｏｕｒｓｅｌｆ．
yourself. Ｃ）C)Ｕｓｅ
Useａ aｍａｐ
mapｔｏ toｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ
identifyｙｏｕｒ
your ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ．
location.
Ｂ）B)Ｃａｌｌ
Callｙｏｕｒ
yourｆａｍｉｌｙ
familyｏｒorｆｒｉｅｎｄｓ
friends ｆｏｒ
for help.
ｈｅｌｐ．．］ D) Try
Ｄ）Ｔｒｙ ｔｏ toｆｏｌｌｏｗ
followｙｏｕｒ
yourｆｏｏｔｐｒｉｎｔｓ
footprints back.
ｂａｃｋ．
２３．Ａ）Ｙｏｕ
23. A) Youｍａｙmay
ｅｎｄend
ｕｐupｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇ
entering ａa wonderland.
ｗｏｎｄｅｒｌａｎｄ．
B) You
Ｂ）Ｙｏｕ may
ｍａｙ ｇｅｔgetｄｒｏｗｎｅｄ
drowned
ｉｎinａ aｓｕｄｄｅｎ
suddenｆｌｏｏｄ．
flood.
Ｃ）C)Ｙｏｕ
Youｍａｙ
may exposeｙｏｕｒｓｅｌｆ
ｅｘｐｏｓｅ yourselfｔｏto ｕｎｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ
unexpected ｄａｎｇｅｒｓ．
dangers.
D) You
Ｄ）Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙmay find
ｆｉｎｄ ａ aｗａｙ
wayｏｕｔoutｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
withoutｙｏｕｒ
your ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ
knowingｉｔ．
it.
24. A)Ｗａｉｔ
２４．Ａ） Waitｐａｔｉｅｎｔｌｙ．
patiently. Ｃ）C)Ｓｔａｒｔ
Startａa ｆｉｒｅ．
fire.
Ｂ）B)Ｌｏｏｋ
Lookｆｏｒ
for ｆｏｏｄ．
food. Ｄ）D)Ｗａｌｋ
Walkｕｈｉｌｌ．
uphill.
25. A)Ｃｈｅｃｋ
２５．Ａ） Checkｔｈｅ
theｌｏｃａｌ
local ｗｅａｔｈｅｒ．
weather. Ｃ）C)Ｐｒｅｐａｒｅ
Prepareｅｎｏｕｇｈ
enoughｆｏｏｄ
foodａｎｄ
and ｄｒｉｎｋ．
drink.
Ｂ）B)Ｆｉｎｄ
Find ａa map and ａa compass.
ｍａｐ ａｎｄ ｃｏｍｐａｓｓ． Ｄ）D)Ｉｎｆｏｒｍ
Informｓｏｍｅｂｏｄｙ
somebodyｏｆofｙｏｕｒ
your ｐｌａｎ．
plan.

Ｐａｒｔ
PartⅡＩＩ
Ⅲ Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Reading Comprehension ( 40ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ
（４０ minutes ）)
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａ
Section A
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｅｎ ｂｌａｎｋｓ． Ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅ ｗｏｒｄ ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ ｂｌａｎｋ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｌｉｓｔ
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
ｏｆ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｉｎ ａ ｗｏｒｄ ｂａｎｋ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ． Ｒｅａｄ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｙｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ．
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Ｅａｃｈ
Eachｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceｉｎinｔｈｅ
theｂａｎｋ
bankｉｓis ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ ｂｙ aａ letter.
identified by ｌｅｔｔｅｒ．Please
Ｐｌｅａｓｅ ｍａｒｋtheｔｈｅcorresponding
mark ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇletter
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ
for each item ｉｔｅｍ ｏｎ ＡｎｓｗｅｒSheet
on Answer Ｓｈｅｅｔ 2２
ｗｉｔｈ
withａaｓｉｎｇｌｅ
single ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ the
line through ｔｈｅ centre.
ｃｅｎｔｒｅ．You
Ｙｏｕmay
ｍａｙ not
ｎｏｔ use
ｕｓｅ any
ａｎｙ ofｏｆ the
ｔｈｅwords
ｗｏｒｄｓ inｉｎthe
ｔｈｅbank
ｂａｎｋmore
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ once.
ｏｎｃｅ．

Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
Questions２６26ｔｏto３５
35ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．
following passage.
Ａｒａｔ
A ratｏｒorｐｉｇｅｏｎ
pigeonｍｉｇｈｔ
mightｎｏｔ
notｂｅbeｔｈｅ
theｏｂｖｉｏｕｓ
obviousｃｈｏｉｃｅ
choiceｔｏ
to ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ someone
tend to ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ ｗｈｏ
whoｉｓis ｓｉｃｋ，ｂｕｔ
sick, but ｔｈｅｓｅ ｃｒｅａｔｕｒｅｓhave
these creatures ｈａｖｅsome
ｓｏｍｅ 26２６ｓｋｉｌｌｓ
skills
ｔｈａｔ
thatｃｏｕｌｄ
could ｈｅｌｐ
help ｔｈｅ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ofｏｆhuman
the treatment ｈｕｍａｎ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ．
diseases.
Ｐｉｇｅｏｎｓ
Pigeonsａｒｅareｏｆｔｅｎ
oftenｓｅｅｎ
seenａｓasｄｉｒｔｙ
dirtyｂｉｒｄｓ
birds ａｎｄ
andａｎanｕｒｂａｎ
urban２７，
27ｂｕｔ ｔｈｅｙtheyａｒｅareｊｕｓｔ
, but justｔｈｅ
theｌａｔｅｓｔ
latest ｉｎ
in aａ long
ｌｏｎｇ line
ｌｉｎｅ ofｏｆ animals
ａｎｉｍａｌｓ that
ｔｈａｔ have
ｈａｖｅ
ｂｅｅｎ
beenｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｔｏtoｈａｖｅ
haveａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ ｔｏ help
abilities to ｈｅｌｐhumans.
ｈｕｍａｎｓ． Despite
Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ having
ｈａｖｉｎｇ aａ brain
ｂｒａｉｎ noｎｏ bigger
ｂｉｇｇｅｒ than
ｔｈａｎthe
ｔｈｅ28２８ｏｆ ｙｏｕｒ index
of your ｉｎｄｅｘ finger,
ｆｉｎｇｅｒ，ｐｉｇｅｏｎｓ ｈａｖｅ
pigeons have
ａ aｖｅｒｙ
veryｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ
impressive２９29ｍｅｍｏｒｙ．
memory. Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ｉｔitｗａｓ
Recently wasｓｈｏｗｎ ｔｈａｔthatｔｈｅｙ
shown theyｃｏｕｌｄ
couldｂｅbeｔｒａｉｎｅｄ
trainedｔｏto ｂｅ
be ａｓ
as ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅ ａｓ humans
accurate as ｈｕｍａｎｓ ａｔat ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｎｇ
detecting
ｂｒｅａｓｔ
breast ｃａｎｃｅｒ
cancer ｉｎ ｉｍａｇｅｓ．
in images.
Ｒａｔｓ
Ratsａｒｅ
areｏｆｔｅｎ
often３０30ｗｉｔｈ
withｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇ
spreadingｄｉｓｅａｓｅ
diseaseｒａｔｈｅｒ
ratherｔｈａｎ３１ ｉｔ，it,ｂｕｔ
than 31 butｔｈｉｓ
this ｌｏｎｇ－ｔａｉｌｅｄ
long-tailed ａｎｉｍａｌ
animal ｉｓis ｈｉｇｈｌｙ
highly ３２．
32 .Ｉｎｓｉｄｅ
Inside ａa ｒａｔ＇ｓ ｎｏｓｅ
rat's nose
ａｒｅ ｕｐ ｔｏ １，０００ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｔｙｐｅｓ ｏｆ ｏｌｆａｃｔｏｒｙ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｓ（嗅觉感受器），ｗｈｅｒｅａｓ ｈｕｍａｎｓ ｏｎｌｙ ｈａｖｅ １００ ｔｏ ２００ ｔｙｐｅｓ．Ｔｈｉｓ ｇｉｖｅｓ
are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives
ｒａｔｓ
ratsｔｈｅ
the ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏdetect
ability to ｄｅｔｅｃｔ33３３smells.
ｓｍｅｌｌｓ．Ａｓ
As aａ result,
ｒｅｓｕｌｔ，ｓｏｍｅ ｒａｔｓare
some rats ａｒｅbeing
ｂｅｉｎｇput
ｐｕｔtoｔｏwork
ｗｏｒｋtoｔｏdetect
ｄｅｔｅｃｔTB(肺结核).
ＴＢ（肺结核）．Ｗｈｅｎ Whenｔｈｅthe ｒａｔｓ ｄｅｔｅｃｔ
rats detect
ｔｈｅ
theｓｍｅｌｌ，
smell,ｔｈｅｙ
theyｓｔｏｐ
stopａｎｄ
andｒｕｂ
rubｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｌｅｇｓ
legs ｔｏ ３４ aａ sample
to 34 ｓａｍｐｌｅ ｉｓis infected.
ｉｎｆｅｃｔｅｄ．
Ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ， ａ ｈｕｎｄｒｅｄ ｓａｍｐｌｅｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｔａｋｅ ｌａｂ ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃｉａｎｓ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｔｗｏ ｄａｙｓ ｔｏ ３５，ｂｕｔ ｆｏｒ ａ ｒａｔ ｉｔ ｔａｋｅｓ ｌｅｓｓ ｔｈａｎ
Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than
２０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ． Ｔｈｉｓ ｒａｔ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｄｏｅｓｎ＇ｔ ｒｅｌｙ ｏｎ ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｓｔ ｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔ． Ｉｔ ｉｓ ａｌｓｏ ｍｏｒｅ ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅ — ｔｈｅ ｒａｔｓ ａｒｅ ａｂｌｅ ｔｏ
20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to
ｆｉｎｄ ｍｏｒｅ ＴＢ ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ， ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ， ｓａｖｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｌｉｖｅｓ．
find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.

Ａ）ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ
A) associated １Ｉ）I ) ｓｌｉｇｈｔ
slight
Ｂ）B) ｅｘａｍｉｎ
examine Ｊ）ｓｐｅｉｆｙ
J ) specify
Ｃ）ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅ
C) indicate Ｋ）K)ｓｕｐｒｉｏｒ
superior
Ｄ）ｎｕｉｓａｎｃｅ
D) nuisance Ｌ）L)ｓｕｓｐｉｃｉｏｕｓ
suspicious
Ｅ） ｐｅａｋ
E) peak Ｍ）M)ｔｉｐ
tip
Ｆ）F)ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｎｇ
preventing Ｎｔｒｅａｔｅｄ
N)treated
Ｇ）ｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔｉｎｇ
G) prohibiting Ｏ）ｙｖｉｓｕａｌ
O)visual
Ｈ）H)ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ
sensitive

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section BＢ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ
Directions: Inｔｈｉｓ
thisｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，
section, ｙｏｕ
you ａｒｅ
are ｇｏｉｎｇ
goingｔｏto ｒｅａｄ
read ａa ｐａｓｓａｇｅ
passageｗｉｔｈ
withｔｅｎ
tenｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ
statementsａｔｔａｃｈｅｄ
attached ｔｏ
to ｉｔ． Ｅａｃｈ statement
it. Each ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ contains
ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓ
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
informationｇｉｖｅｎ
givenｉｎ
in ｏｎｅ
one ｏｆ ｔｈｅ paragraphs.
of the ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｓ．Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙ ｔｈｅparagraph
Identify the ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈfrom
ｆｒｏｍwhich
ｗｈｉｃｈ the
ｔｈｅinformation
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎisｉｓderived.
ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ．Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ choose
You may ｃｈｏｏｓｅ aａ
３ 3
ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｍｏｒｅ
moreｔｈａｎ
thanｏｎｃｅ．
once.Ｅａｃｈ
Eachｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ
paragraphｉｓisｍａｒｋｅｄ
markedｗｉｔｈ
withａ aｌｅｔｔｅｒ． Ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｔｈｅ
letter. Answer ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ byｂｙ marking
the questions ｍａｒｋｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
the corresponding
ｌｅｔｔｅｒ
letter onｏｎAnswer
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Sheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２．
2.
ＤｏDoＩｎ－Ｃｌａｓｓ Ｅｘａｍｓ Ｍａｋｅ
In-Class Exams MakeＳｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ Ｓｔｕｄｙ Harder?
Students Study Ｈａｒｄｅｒ？
Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
Researchｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｓ
suggestsｔｈｅｙ
theyｍａｙ
mayｓｔｕｄｙ
studyｍｏｒｅ
moreｂｒｏａｄｌｙ ｆｏｒforｔｈｅtheｕｎｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ
broadly unexpectedｒａｔｈｅｒ
rather ｔｈａｎ
than ｓｅａｒｃｈ ｆｏｒ answers.
search for ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ．
［Ａ］[A]Ｉ Iｈａｖｅ
haveａｌｗａｙｓ
alwaysｂｅｅｎ ａ ｐｏｏｒ
been ｔｅｓｔ－ｔａｋｅｒ．Ｓｏ
a poor test-taker. Soｉｔitｍａｙ
mayｓｅｅｍ ｒａｔｈｅｒ
seem ｓｔｒａｎｇｅ
rather ｔｈａｔ
strange thatＩ Iｈａｖｅ
haveｒｅｔｕｒｎｅｄ
returnedｔｏtoｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
college ｔｏ
to ｆｉｎｉｓｈ ｔｈｅ
finish the
ｄｅｇｒｅｅ
degree ＩI ｌｅｆｔ ｕｎｄｏｎｅ some
left undone ｓｏｍｅ four
ｆｏｕｒ decades
ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ ago.
ａｇｏ．ＩI am
ａｍ making
ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｍｙ
myｗａｙ
wayｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughＣｏｌｕｍｂｉａ
ColumbiaＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，
University, ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｅｄ
surrounded ｂｙ
by ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students
ｗｈｏ
whoｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ
quicklyｓｕｐｐｌｙ ｔｈｅtheｖｅｒｂａｌ
supply verbalａｎｓｗｅｒ
answerｗｈｉｌｅ
whileＩ Iａｍam
ｓｔｉｌｌ
still ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ
processing ｔｈｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎ．
the question.
［Ｂ］
[B]Ｓｉｎｃｅ
Sinceｔｈｅｒｅ
there ｉｓ ｎｏ ｗａｙ
is no way ｆｏｒ
for ｍｅ
meｔｏto ａｖｏｉｄ
avoid ｅｘａｍｓ，
exams,ＩI ａｍ amｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙ
currently ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ ｗｈａｔ ｋｉｎｄ
questioning what kind ａｒｅ ｔｈｅ most
are the ｍｏｓｔ taxing
ｔａｘｉｎｇ and
ａｎｄ
ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙ
ultimately ｂｅｎｅｆｉｃｉａｌ．
beneficial. IＩhave
ｈａｖｅalready
ａｌｒｅａｄｙsweated
ｓｗｅａｔｅｄ through
ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ numerous
ｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓ ｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓ ｍｉｄｔｅｒｍｓ ａｎｄ
in-class midterms and ｆｉｎａｌｓ， ａｎｄ now
finals, and ｎｏｗ ＩI have
ｈａｖｅ ａa professor
ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ
ｗｈｏ
whoｉｓｓｕｅｓ
issuesｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅ
take-homeｏｎｅｓ． Ｉ ｗａｓ
ones. ｅｘｃｉｔｅｄ
I was ｗｈｅｎ
excited Ｉ ｌｅａｒｎｅｄ
when ｔｈｉｓ，
I learned this,ｆｉｇｕｒｉｎｇ
figuringＩ Iｈａｄ
hadａaｆｕｌｌ
full ｗｅｅｋ
weekｔｏto ｄｏ
doｔｈｅ
the ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ，ｒｅａｄ
research, readｔｈｅ
the ｔｅｘｔｓ，
texts,
ａｎｄandｗｒｉｔ ｉｔitａｌｌall ｕｐ．Ｉｎ
write up. In ｆａｃｔ，Ｉ ｗａｓ ｓｔｉｌｌ
fact, I was ｅｗｒｉｔｉｎｇmyｍｙ midterm
still rewriting ｍｉｄｔｅｒｍ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｍｉｎｇ ｉｔit ｗａｓ
the morning wasｄｕｅ．Ｔｏ
due. Toｓａｙ
sayＩ Iｈａｄ
hadｌｏｓｔ
lost ｔｈｅ ｔｈｒｅａｄ isｉｓputting
the thread ｐｔｔｉｇ ｉｔit
ｍｉｌｄｌｙ．
mildly.
［Ｃ］[C]ＡｓＩ
As ｗａｓ ｓｕｆｆｅｒｉｎｇ
I was sufferingｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
throughｍｙmyｗｅｅｋ ｏｆ ofａｎｘｉｅｔｙ，ｏｖｅｒｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇ
week anxiety, overthinkingｔｈｅ
theｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ
material ａｎｄ
and ｇｕｅｓｓｉｎｇ
guessing ｍｙ
myｇｒａｓｐ
grasp ｏｆ
of ｉｔ，Ｉ ｄｉｄsome
it, I did ｓｏｍｅ
ｏｆofｍｙmyｏｗｎownｐｏｌｌｉｎｇ
pollingａｍｏｎｇ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
among ａｎｄandｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ．
students professors.Ｄａｖｉｄ
DavidＥｉｓｅｎｂａｃｈ，
Eisenbach,ｗｈｏ
whoｔｅａｃｈｅｓ
teachesａ aｐｏｐｕｌａｒ
popularｃｌａｓｓ
classｏｎonＵ．Ｓ．
U.S.ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ
presidents ａｔ
at
Ｃｏｌｕｍｂｉａ，
Columbia, ｐｒｅｆｅｒｓ
prefersｔｈｅ
theｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓ
in-class ｖａｒｉｅｔｙ． Ｈｅ believes
variety. He ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓ students
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓultimately
ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙlearn
ｌｅａｒｎmore
ｍｏｒｅand
ａｎｄencourages
ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｓ them
ｔｈｅｍ toｔｏ form
ｆｏｒｍ study
ｓｔｕｄｙ groups.
ｇｒｏｕｐｓ．
＂Ｔｈａｔ
“Thatｗａｙ
wayｔｈｅｙtheyｓｏｃｉａｌｉｚｅ
socializeｏｖｅｒ
overｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ
history ｏｕｔｓｉｄｅ
outside ｔｈｅ ｃｌａｓｓ，which
the class, ｗｈｉｃｈ wouldn’t
ｗｏｕｌｄｎ＇ｔ happen
ｈａｐｐｅｎ ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
without ｔｈｅ
the ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ
pressure ｏｆ ａｎ in-class
of an ｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓexam,”
ｅｘａｍ，＂
ｈｅheｅｘｐｌａｉｎｅｄ，
explained,＂Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ，ｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓ
“Furthermore, in-classｅｘａｍｓ
examsｆｏｒｃｅ
forceｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
studentsｔｏ
to ｌｅａｍ
learn ｈｏｗ
howｔｏtoｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ
performｕｎｄｅｒ
underｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ，
pressure, ａｎｄ
and ｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌ ｗｏｒｋ skill.”
essential work ｓｋｉｌｌ．
［Ｄ］
[D]ＨｅHeａｌｓｏ
alsoｓａｙｓ
saysｔｈｅｒｅ
thereｉｓ ｌｅｓｓ chance
is less ｃｈａｎｃｅ of
ｏｆ cheating
ｃｈｅａｔｉｎｇ with
ｗｉｔｈ the
ｔｈｅin-class
ｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓvariety.
ｖａｒｉｅｔｙ．Ｉｎ ２０１２，１２５
In 2012, ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓatａｔHarvard
125 students Ｈａｒｖａｒｄwere
ｗｅｒｅ caught
ｃａｕｇｈｔ
ｕｐupｉｎinａaｓｃａｎｄａｌ
scandal ｗｈｅｎ
whenｉｔit ｗａｓ
wasｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ
discoveredｔｈｅｙ
they ｈａｄ
hadｃｈｅａｔｅｄ
cheatedｏｎonａ aｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅ
take-homeｅｘａｍ ｆｏｒforａ ｃｌａｓｓ
exam a classｅｎｔｉｔｌｅｄ
entitled ＂Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｔｏ
“Introduction To
Ｃｏｎｇｒｅｓｓ．＂Ｓｏｍｅ ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｓ
Congress.” Some ｈａｖｅ
colleges ｗｈａｔ
have ｔｈｅｙtheyｃａｌｌ
what callａｎ＂ｈｏｎｏｒ ｃｏｄｅ，＂ｔｈｏｕｇｈ
an “honor ｉｆ ｙｏｕ
code,” though ａｒｅareｓｍａｒｔ
if you ｅｎｏｕｇｈ
smart ｔｏ toｇｅｔgetｉｎｔｏ
enough intoｔｈｅｓｅ
these ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ，
schools,
ｙｏｕyouａｒｅareｅｉｔｈｅｒ
either ｓｍａｒｔ
smart ｅｎｏｕｇｈ
enoughｔｏtoｇｅｔ
get ａｒｏｕｎｄ
aroundａｎｙ
anyｃｏｄｅｓ
codesｏｒorｈｏｐｅｆｕｌｌｙ，
hopefully, ｔｏｏ
too ｅｔｈｉｃａｌ ｔｏconsider
ethical to ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒdoing
ｄｏｉｎｇso.ｓｏ．Ａｓ
As IＩ sat
ｓａｔblocked
ｂｌｏｃｋｅｄ and
ａｎｄ
ｃｌｕｅｌｅｓｓ
clueless ｆｏｒ
for ｔｗｏ
two ｓｏｌｉｄ
solid ｄａｙｓ，
days, IＩ momentarily
ｍｏｍｅｎｔａｒｉｌｙ ｗｏｎｄｅｒｅｄ
wonderedｉｆifＩ Iｃｏｕｌｄｎ＇ｔ
couldn’t ｊｕｓｔ ｃａｌｌ anａｎ expert
just call ｅｘｐｅｒｔ on
ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ subject
ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔmatter
ｍａｔｔｅｒwhich
ｗｈｉｃｈ IＩ was
ｗａｓ
ｔａｃｋｌｉｎｇ，
tackling, ｏｒ ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ ｗｈｏ
or someone whoｔｏｏｋ
tookｔｈｅ
theｃｌａｓｓ
classｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙ， ｔｏ get
previously, to ｇｅｔmeｍｅ going.
ｇｏｉｎｇ．
［Ｅ］ Ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ Ｈａｒｖａｒｄ ｓｃａｎｄａｌ， Ｍａｒｙ Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ，ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｍｅｒ ｄｅａｎ
[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former deanｏｆofｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
students ａｔ Ｙａｌｅ，made
at Yale, ｍａｄｅ an
ａｎ impassioned
ｉｍｐａｓｓｉｏｎｅｄ appeal
ａｐｐｅａｌ toｔｏ
ｈｅｒherｓｃｈｏｏｌ＇ｓ
school’s ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ
professors ｔｏ ｒｅｆｒａｉｎfrom
to refrain ｆｒｏｍ take-hone
ｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｎｅ exams.
ｅｘａｍｓ．＂Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
“Studentsｒｉｓｋ
risk ｈｅａｌｔｈ ａｎｄ ｗｅｌｌ
health and ｂｅｉｎｇ， asａｓ well
well being, ｗｅｌｌ asａｓ performance
ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ inｉｎ
ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｅｎｄ－ｏｆ－ｔｅｒｍ
end-of-term ｗｏｒｋ，
work, ｗｈｅｎ
whenｆａｃｕｌｔｙ
faculty ｏｆｆｅｒｓ
offers ｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅ
take-home ｅｘａｍｓ
examsｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ
withoutｃｌｅａｒ，
clear, ｔｉｍｅ－ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ ｂｏｕｎｄａｒｉｅｓ，＂ｓｈｅ
time-limited boundaries,” ｔｏｌｄ me.
she told ｍｅ．
＂Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ
“Researchｎｏｗ
nowｓｈｏｗｓ ｔｈａｔthatｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
shows regularｑｕｉｚｚｅｓ，
quizzes,ｓｈｏｒｔ
shortｅｓｓａｙｓ，
essays, ａｎｄ
and ｏｔｈｅｒ
other ａｓｓｉｇｎｍｅｎｔｓ
assignments ｏｖｅｒ
over ｔｈｅ
the ｃｏｕｒｓｅ
course ｏｆ
of aａ term
ｔｅｒｍ better
ｂｅｔｔｅｒ enhance
ｅｎｈａｎｃｅ
ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ
learningａｎｄ
andｒｅｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ．＂＂
retention.”
[F] Ｍｏｓｔ
［Ｆ］ Mostｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
collegeｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ
professors ａｇｒｅｅagree ｔｈｅ
the kind
ｋｉｎｄ ofｏｆ exam they ｃｈｏｏｓｅ
ｅｘａｍ ｔｈｅｙ choose ｌａｒｇｅｌｙ
largely depends
ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ ｏｎ on ｔｈｅ
the ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔ．Ａ
subject. A ｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅ－ｂａｓｅｄ
quantitative-based
ｏｎｅ，ｆｏｒ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ｉｓ ｕｎｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｓｅｎｔ ｈｏｍｅ， ｗｈｅｒｅ ｏｎｅ ｃｏｕｌｄ ａｓｋ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｏｌｄｅｒ ｂｒｏｔｈｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ｓｉｓｔｅｒｓ ｔｏ ｈｅｌｐ．Ｖｏｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ－ｔｙｐｅ
one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type
ｃｌａｓｓｅｓ，
classes, ｓｕｃｈ
such ａｓas ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ
computerｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ
scienceｏｒor ｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｍ，
journalism, ｏｎ on ｔｈｅ
the ｏｔｈｅｒ ｈａｎｄ， are
other hand, ａｒｅ often
ｏｆｔｅｎ more
ｍｏｒｅ research-oriented
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ－ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄ and ａｎｄ lend
ｌｅｎｄ themselves
ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ to ｔｏ
ｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅ
take-home ｔｅｓｔｉｎｇ． ＣｈｒｉｓKoch,
testing. Chris Ｋｏｃｈ，who ｗｈｏ teaches
ｔｅａｃｈｅｓ＂Ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ
“History ofｏｆBroadcast
ＢｒｏａｄｃａｓｔJournalism”
Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｍ＂ａｔ Ｍｏｎｔｇｏｍｅｒｙ Community
at Montgomery Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ
College ｉｎ in
Ｒｏｃｋｖｌｌｅ， Ｍａｒｙｌａｎｄ， ｐｏｉｎｔｓ ｏｕｔ ｔｈａｔ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ ｉｓ ａｂｏｕｔ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ｒａｔｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｍｏｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍｉｎｕｔｅ ｄｅｔａｉｌｓ． ＂Ｉｎ ｍｙ
Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my
ｆｉｅｌｄ， ｉｔ＇ｓnotｎｏｔwhat
field, it’s ｗｈａｔyouｙｏｕknow—it’s
ｋｎｏｗ—ｉｔ＇ｓwhat ｗｈａｔyouｙｏｕknow
ｋｎｏｗhowｈｏｗ toｔｏfind
ｆｉｎｄout,”
ｏｕｔ，＂ｓａｙｓ
says Koch.Ｋｏｃｈ．＂Ｔｈｅｒｅ
“There isｉｓway ｗａｙtoo
ｔｏｏmuchｍｕｃｈ information,
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄ and
ｍｏｒｅ ｃｏｍｉｎｇ ａｌｌ ｔｈｅ ｔｉｍｅ，ｆｏｒ ａｎｙｏｎｅ ｔｏ ｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒ． Ｉ ｗａｎｔ ｍｙ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｔｏ ｓｅａｒｃｈ ｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ ａｎｓｗｅｒｓ ｔｏ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ ｂｙ ｕｓｉｎｇ ａｌｌ
more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all
ｔｈｅ
theｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ
resourcesａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ
available ｔｏ ｔｈｅｍ．
to them.
［Ｇ］[G]Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ＇ｔｅｓｔ－ｆｏｒｍ
Students’ test-formｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ
preferencesｖａｒｙ，
vary,ｔｏｏ，
too,ｏｆｔｅｎ
often ｄｅｐｅｎｄｉｎｇ
dependingｏｎonｔｈｅ theｓｕｂｊｅｃｔ
subjectａｎｄandｃｏｕｒｓｅ
courseｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙ．
difficulty. “I ＂Ｉprefer
ｐｒｅｆｅｒtake-home
ｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅ
ｅｓｓａｙｓ
essaysｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
becauseｉｔitｉｓ is ｔｈｅｎ ｒｅａｌｌｙ about
then really ａｂｏｕｔ the
ｔｈｅ writing,
ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ，soｓｏyou ｙｏｕhave
ｈａｖｅ time
ｔｉｍｅ toｔｏedit
ｅｄｉｔand
ａｎｄdoｄｏmore
ｍｏｒｅ research,”
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ，＂ｓａｙｓ
says Ｅｌｉｚａｂｅｔｈ
Elizabeth Ｄｒｅｓｓｅｒ，
Dresser, aａ
ｊｕｎｉｏｒ
juniorａｔat Ｂａｒｎａｒｄ．Ｔｈｅｎ
Barnard. Then ｔｈｅｒｅ
there ｉｓisｔｈｅ
theｓｔｒｅｓｓ
stress ｆａｃｔｏｒ． Ｆｒａｎｃｅｓｃａ Haass,
factor. Francesca Ｈａａｓｓ， aａ senior
ｓｅｎｉｏｒ atａｔMiddlebury,
Ｍｉｄｄｌｅｂｕｒｙ，ｓａｙｓ，＂Ｉ
says, “Iｆｉｎｄ
find ｔｈｅ
the ｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓ ｏｎｅｓ are
in-class ones ａｒｅ
ｍｏｒｅ
moreｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｕｌ
stressful ｉｎin ｔｈｅ
the ｓｈｏｒｔ ｔｅｒｍ， but
short term, ｂｕｔ there
ｔｈｅｒｅ isｉｓimmediate
ｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅ relief
ｒｅｌｉｅｆasａｓyou ｙｏｕswallow
ｓｗａｌｌｏｗ information
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ likeｌｉｋｅmad,
ｍａｄ， and
ａｎｄ then
ｔｈｅｎ you
ｙｏｕ ｇｅｔ
get ｔｏ
to
ｆｏｒｇｅｔ
forget ｉｔ ａｌｌ．Take-homes
it all. Ｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅｓ require
ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅ thoughtful
ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｆｕｌengagement
ｅｎｇａｇｅｍｅｎｔ which
ｗｈｉｃｈ ｃａｎcan ｌｅａｄ
lead ｔｏto ｌｏｎｇｅｒ
longer ｔｅｒｍterm ｓｔｒｅｓｓ
stress asａｓ there
ｔｈｅｒｅisｉｓnever
ｎｅｖｅｒa ａmoment
ｍｏｍｅｎｔ
ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｉｍｅ ｉｓ ｕｐ．＂Ｍｅａｎｗｈｉｌｅ， Ｏｌｉｖｉａ Ｒｕｂｉｎ，ａ ｓｏｐｈｏｍｏｒｅ ａｔ Ｅｍｏｒｙ， ｓａｙｓ ｓｈｅ ｈａｒｄｌｙ ｅｖｅｎ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｓ ｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅｓ ｔｒｕｅ
when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true
exams.＂Ｉｆ“Ifｙｏｕ
ｅｘａｍｓ． youｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄ
understand ｔｈｅthe materialａｎｄand
ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ have
ｈａｖｅ ｔｈｅthe abilityｔｏtoａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅ（说出）ｙｏｕｒ
ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ articulate (说出) your ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｓ，thoughts, theyｔｈｅｙ should
ｓｈｏｕｌｄ beｂｅ aａ breeze.”
ｂｒｅｅｚｅ．＂
［Ｈ］ Ｈｏｗ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙ ｈａｎｄｌｅ ｓｔｒｅｓｓ ｍａｙ ｄｅｐｅｎｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ ｔｅｓｔ－ｔａｋｉｎｇ ａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ． Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅpeople
[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are ｐｅｏｐｌｅwhoｗｈｏ
ａｌｗａｙｓ
alwaysｗａｉｔ waitｕｎｔｉｌ ｔｈｅ last
until the ｌａｓｔminute,
ｍｉｎｕｔｅ，ａｎｄ ｍａｋｅ ｉｔ
and make ｍｕｃｈ ｈａｒｄｅｒ
it much ｔｈａｎ itｉｔneeds
harder than ｎｅｅｄｓtoｔｏbe.ｂｅ．AndＡｎｄthen
ｔｈｅｎthere
ｔｈｅｒｅthose
ｔｈｏｓｅwho,ｗｈｏ，ｎｏｔ ｋｎｏｗｉｎｇ what
not knowing ｗｈａｔ
ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questionsａｒｅ areｃｏｍｉｎｇ
comingａｔatｔｈｅｍ，them,ａｎｄ andｈａｖｉｎｇ
having ｎｏ no
ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ
resources ｔｏ toｒｅｆｅｒ
referｔｏ，
to, ｃａｎ
canｆｒｅｅｚｅ． Ａｎｄ ｔｈｅｎ
freeze. And thenｔｈｅｒｅ
there ａｒｅ ｗｅ ｒａｒｅ
are we rare ｆｏｌｋｓ
folks whoｗｈｏ ｆｉｔ ｂｏｔｈ
fit both

４
4
ｔｈｏｓｅ
thoseｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓ．
descriptions.
【】 Ｙｅｓ，myｍｙ advanced
[I] Yes, ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ ａｇｅ
age ｍｕｓｔ
mustｆａｃｔｏｒ
factorｉｎｔｏ
into ｔｈｅ
the ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ（等式），ｉｎ ｐａｒｔbecause
equation (等式), in part ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ofｏｆ my
ｍｙ ｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ
inability toｔｏaccess
ａｃｃｅｓｓthe
ｔｈｅinformation
ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
ａｓasｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ．Ａｓ
quickly. Asａｎｏｔｈｅｒ
anotherｒｅｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ
returningｓｔｕｄｅｎｔ
student ａｔ Ｃｏｌｕｍｂｉａ， Ｋａｔｅ
at Columbia, Kate Ｍａｒｂｅｒ，ｔｏｌｄ
Marber, toldｍｅ，＂Ｗｅ ａｒｅareｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ
me, “We ｎｏｔnotｏｎｌｙ
learning onlyａｌｌallｔｈｉｓ
this ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ，
information,
ｂｕｔbutｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙ ｈｏｗ ｔｏto ｌｅａｒｎ
essentially how ａｇａｉｎ． Our
learn again. Ｏｕｒ fellow
ｆｅｌｌｏｗ students
ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓhave
ｈａｖｅjust
ｊｕｓｔcome
ｃｏｍｅout
ｏｕｔofｏｆhigh
ｈｉｇｈschool.
ｓｃｈｏｏｌ．Ａ ｌｏｔhasｈａｓchanged
A lot ｃｈａｎｇｅｄsince
ｓｉｎｃｅweｗｅwere
ｗｅｒｅ
ｌａｓｔ
last ｉｎ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ．＂
in school.”
［Ｊ］[J] ＩｆIf nothing
ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇ else,
ｅｌｓｅ，ｔｈｅ ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎhasｈａｓgiven
the situation ｇｉｖｅｎmyｍｙcollege
ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅsonｓｏｎand
ａｎｄmeｍｅsomething
ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ toｔｏ share,
ｓｈａｒｅ，Ｗｈｅｎ
WhenＩI ａｓｋｅｄ
asked ｈｉｓ
his ｏｐｉｎｉｏｎ
opinion ｏｎ
on ｔｈｉｓ
this
ｍａｔｔｅｒ，
matter, ｈｅ
he ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｄ，＂Ｉ
responded, “Iｌｉｋｅ
like ｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓ ｅｘａｍｓ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ
in-class exams becauseｔｈｅ
the ｔｉｍｅ
time ｉｓ ａｌｒｅａｄｙ reserved,
is already ｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｄ，asａｓopposed
ｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ toｔｏusing
ｕｓｉｎｇmy
ｍｙ free
ｆｒｅｅtime
ｔｉｍｅatａｔhome
ｈｏｍｅ
ｔｏtoｗｏｒｋ
workｏｎonａ aｔｅｓｔ，＂ｈｅ
test,” he ｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｄ．Ｉｔ
responded. It ｓｅｅｍｓ
seemsｔｏ to ｍｅ
meｔｈａｔ
that aａ compromise
ｃｏｍｐｒｏｍｉｓｅ ｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｂｅbeｒｅｃｅｉｖｉｎｇ
receiving ｔｈｅ
the ｅｘａｍ
examｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ａa day
ｄａｙ or
ｏｒ two
ｔｗｏ inｉｎ
ａｄｖａｎｃｅ，
advance,ａｎｄ
andｔｈｅｎ
thenｄｏｉｎｇ
doingｔｈｅtheａｃｔｕａｌ
actualｔｅｓｔ
test ｉｎ
in ｃｌａｓｓ ｔｈｅ ticking
class the ｔｉｃｋｉｎｇclock
ｃｌｏｃｋoverhead.
ｏｖｅｒｈｅａｄ．
[K]Ｂｅｔｔｅｒ
［Ｋ］ Better ｙｅｔ，
yet, ｈｏｗ
how ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｗｈａｔ
whatｏｎｅ
oneＨｕｎｔｅｒ
HunterＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ
Collegeｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ
professorｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｌｙ
reportedly ｄｉｄ
did ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ
recently ｆｏｒ
for her
ｈｅｒ final
ｆｉｎａｌexam:
ｅｘａｍ： She
Ｓｈｅ
ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｄ
encouragedｔｈｅtheｃｌａｓｓ
classｎｏｔ
not ｔｏ
to ｓｔｒｅｓｓ ｏｒeven
stress or ｅｖｅｎ study,
ｓｔｕｄｙ，ｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇ ｔｈａｔ，＂Ｉｔ
promising that, “It isｉｓgoing
ｇｏｉｎｇtoｔｏbeｂｅapiece
ａｐｉｅｃｅof ｏｆcake.”
ｃａｋｅ．＂Ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ students
When the ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓcame
ｃａｍｅ
ｉｎ，in, ｓｈａｒｐｅｎｅｄ
sharpenedｐｅｎｃｉｌｓ
pencils ｉｎ
in ｈａｎｄ，
hand, ｔｈｅｒｅ ｗａｓ ｎｏｔ
there was not ａa bluebook
ｂｌｕｅｂｏｏｋ ｉｎin ｓｉｇｈｔ． Ｒａｔｈｅｒ，they
sight. Rather, ｔｈｅｙsaw
ｓａｗ aａlarge
ｌａｒｇｅchocolate
ｃｈｏｃｏｌａｔｅcake
ｃａｋｅand
ａｎｄthey
ｔｈｅｙeach
ｅａｃｈwere
ｗｅｒｅ
ｇｉｖｅｎ
givenａ aｓｌｉｃｅ．
slice.
３６．Ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ
36. Elderlyｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
studentsｆｉｎｄ
findｉｔit ｈａｒｄ
hard ｔｏ ｋｅｅｐ up
to keep ｕｐ ｗｉｔｈ
with ｔｈｅ ｒａｐｉｄ changes
the rapid ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ inｉｎ education.
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ．
３７．Ｓｏｍｅ ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ
37. Some believeｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅ
take-homeｅｘａｍｓ ｍａｙmay
exams ａｆｆｅｃｔ
affectｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ＇ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ
students' performanceｉｎinｏｔｈｅｒ
other ｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ．
courses.
３８．
38.Ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
Certain ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ
professors ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ
believe ｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓ ｅｘａｍｓ ａｒｅ
in-class exams are ｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙ ｍｏｒｅ ｈｅｌｐｆｕｌ
ultimately more helpful ｔｏ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ．
to students.
３９．Ｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓ
39. In-class ｅｘａｍｓ
examsａｒｅ
areｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ
believed ｔｏ ｄｉｓｃｏｕｒａｇｅ ｃｈｅａｔｉｎｇ
to discourage ｉｎ exams.
cheating in ｅｘａｍｓ．
４０．Ｔｈｅ
40. Theａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorｗａｓ
wasｈａｐｐｙ
happyｔｏtoｌｅａｒｎ ｓｈｅ could
learn she ｃｏｕｌｄ doｄｏsome
ｓｏｍｅ exams
ｅｘａｍｓ atａｔ home.
ｈｏｍｅ．
４１．Ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｗｈｏwho
41. Students ｐｕｔput
ｏｆｆoffｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｗｏｒｋ
workｕｎｔｉｌ
untilｔｈｅ
theｌａｓｔ ｍｏｍｅｎｔ ｏｆｔｅｎ
last moment oftenｆｉｎｄ
findｔｈｅ
theｅｘａｍｓ
examsｍｏｒｅ ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ
more difficultｔｈａｎ
thanｔｈｅｙ
theyａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ
actually ａｒｅ．
are.
４２．Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
42. Differentｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
studentsｍａｙ
mayｐｒｅｆｅｒ
preferｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｔｙｐｅｓ ofｏｆexams.
different types ｅｘａｍｓ．
４３．Ｍｏｓｔ ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｓ
43. Most professorsａｇｒｅｅ
agreeｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ
whetherｔｏtoｇｉｖｅ
giveａｎanｉｎ－ｃｌａｓｓ ｏｒ aａtake-home
in-class or ｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅ exam
ｅｘａｍ ｄｅｐｅｎｄｓ
dependsｏｎonｔｙｐｅ
typeｏｆ
of ｃｏｕｒｓｅ
course ｂｅｉｎｇ
being ｔａｕｇｈｔ．
taught.
４４．44.Ｔｈｅ
Theａｕｔｈｏｒ
authorｄｒｏｐｐｅｄ
droppedｏｕｔ
outｏｆ
of ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｓｏｍｅ ｆｏｒｔｙ
college some ｙｅａｒｓ ago.
forty years ａｇｏ．
４５．45.Ｓｏｍｅ
Someｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ
studentsｔｈｉｎｋ
thinkｔａｋｅ－ｈｏｍｅ
take-homeｅｘａｍｓ ｗｉｌｌwillｅａｔeatｕｐupｔｈｅｉｒ
exams their ｆｒｅｅ ｔｉｍｅ．
free time.

Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ
Section CＣ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：
Directions:Ｔｈｅｒｅ
Thereａｒｅ
are２ 2ｐａｓｓａｇｅｓ
passagesｉｎinｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ．Each
this section. Ｅａｃｈ passage
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ isｉｓ followed
ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ byｂｙ some
ｓｏｍｅ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ
questions ｏｒ ｕｎｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ statements.
or unfinished ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔｓ． For
Ｆｏｒ
eachｏｆof ｔｈｅｍ
ｅａｃｈ themｔｈｅｒｅ
there ａｒｅ
are ｆｏｕｒ
four choices
ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ marked
ｍａｒｋｅｄ A),
Ａ）， B),
Ｂ）， C) and Ｄ）．
Ｃ）ａｎｄ D). Ｙｏｕ
Youｓｈｏｕｌｄ
should ｄｅｃｉｄｅ
decide ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｂｅｓｔ
best choice
ｃｈｏｉｃｅ and
ａｎｄ mark the
ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ
ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ
correspondingｌｅｔｅｒ
letterｏｎ
onＡｎｓｗｅｒ
AnswerＳｈｅｅｔ ２ ｗｉｔｈ
Sheet ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ
2 with ｌｉｎｅlineｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ
a single throughｔｈｅ
theｃｅｎｔｒｅ．
centre.
Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｏｎｅ
Passage One
Questions４６46ａｎｄ
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ and５０50ａｒｅ
areｂａｓｅｄ
basedｏｎ
onｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following passage.
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．

Ｔｈａｔ
Thatｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｏｆｔｅｎ
oftenｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ
experienceｔｒｏｕｂｌｅ
trouble ｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇ ｉｎ aａ different
sleeping in ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔbedｂｅｄinｉｎunfamiliar
ｕｎｆａｍｉｌｉａｒsurroundings
ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇｓis aｉｓphenomenon
ａ ｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎknown
ｋｎｏｗｎ asａｓ
ｔｈｅ
the＂ｆｉｒｓｔ－ｎｉｇｈｔ＂ｅｆｆｅｃｔ．
“first-night” effect. IfＩｆa ａperson
ｐｅｒｓｏｎstays
ｓｔａｙｓinｉｎtheｔｈｅsame
ｓａｍｅroom
ｒｏｏｍ the
ｔｈｅfollowing
ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ night
ｎｉｇｈｔthey
ｔｈｅｙtend
ｔｅｎｄtoｔｏsleep
ｓｌｅｅｐmore
ｍｏｒｅsoundly.
ｓｏｕｎｄｌｙ．Yuka
Ｙｕｋａ Sasaki
Ｓａｓａｋｉ
ａｎｄ
andｈｅｒ
herｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ
colleaguesａｔatＢｒｏｗｎ
BrownＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｓｅｔ set
University ｏｕｔout
ｔｏ toｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ
investigateｔｈｅtheｏｒｉｇｉｎｓ
originsｏｆofｔｈｉｓ
this ｅｆｆｅｃｔ．
effect.
Ｄｒ．Dr.Ｓａｓａｋｉ
Sasaki ｋｎｅｗ
knewｔｈｅ
theｆｉｒｓｔ－ｎｉｇｈｔ ｅｆｆｅｃｔprobably
first-night effect ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙhasｈａｓsomething
ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇto ｔｏdoｄｏwithｗｉｔｈhowｈｏｗhumans
ｈｕｍａｎｓ evolved.
ｅｖｏｌｖｅｄ．The
Ｔｈｅ puzzle
ｐｕｚｚｌｅwas
ｗａｓ what
ｗｈａｔ
ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔ
benefit ｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｂｅ
beｇａｉｎｅｄ
gained ｆｒｏｍ
fromｉｔ ｗｈｅｎ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ
it when performanceｍｉｇｈｔ
mightｂｅbeａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄ
affected ｔｈｅ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ day.
the following ｄａｙ．She
Ｓｈｅalso
ａｌｓｏknew
ｋｎｅｗ from
ｆｒｏｍ previous
ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓwork
ｗｏｒｋ
ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ
conductedｏｎon
ｂｉｒｄｓ
birdsａｎｄand
ｄｏｌｐｈｉｎｓ ｔｈａｔthatｔｈｅｓｅ
dolphins theseａｎｉｍａｌｓ ｐｕｔputｈａｌｆhalfｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
animals theirｂｒａｉｎｓ
brainsｔｏto ｓｌｅｅｐ
sleep ａｔ
at ａa ｔｉｍｅ
time ｓｏ
so ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｙ can
that they ｃａｎ ｒｅｓｔ ｗｈｉｌｅ
rest while
remaining
ｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇ alertｅｎｏｕｇｈ
ａｌｅｒｔ enoughｔｏtoａｖｏｉｄ
avoidｐｒｅｄａｔｏｒｓ（捕食者）．Ｔｈｉｓ
predators (捕食者). Thisｌｅｄ
led ｈｅｒ
her ｔｏ
to wonder
ｗｏｎｄｅｒ ｉｆif people
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ might be ｄｏｉｎｇ
ｍｉｇｈｔ ｂｅ doing ｔｈｅ
the same thing. To
ｓａｍｅ ｔｈｉｎｇ． Ｔｏ take
ｔａｋｅ
ａ aｃｌｏｓｅｒ
closerｌｏｏｋ，
look, ｈｅｒ
her ｔｅａｍ
team ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ
studied ３５
35 ｈｅａｌｔｈｙ
healthy ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
people ａｓ
as ｔｈｅｙ
they ｓｌｅｐｔ ｉｎ the
slept in ｔｈｅunfamiliar
ｕｎｆａｍｉｌｉａｒenvironment
ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ ofｏｆ the
ｔｈｅ university’s
ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ＇ｓDepartment
Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ
ｏｆofＰｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ
PsychologicalＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．
Sciences.Ｔｈｅ
Theｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ
participants ｅａｃｈ
each ｓｌｅｐｔ ｉｎ the
slept in ｔｈｅdepartment
ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ for
ｆｏｒtwo
ｔｗｏ nights
ｎｉｇｈｔｓand
ａｎｄ were
ｗｅｒｅ carefully
ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙmonitored
ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｅｄ with
ｗｉｔｈ
ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ
techniquesｔｈａｔ
thatｌｏｏｋｅｄ
lookedａｔatｔｈｅtheａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ
activityｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
their ｂｒａｉｎｓ． Ｄｒ． Sasaki
brains. Dr. Ｓａｓａｋｉ ｆｏｕｎｄ，
found, ａｓ
as ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ，
expected,ｔｈｅ
theｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ
participants ｓｌｅｐｔ
slept ｌｅｓｓ ｗｅｌｌ on
less well ｏｎ ｔｈｅｉｒ
their
ｆｉｒｓｔ ｎｉｇｈｔ than
first night ｔｈａｎ they
ｔｈｅｙ did
ｄｉｄ on
ｏｎ their
ｔｈｅｉｒsecond,
ｓｅｃｏｎｄ， taking
ｔａｋｉｎｇmore
ｍｏｒｅ than
ｔｈａｎ twice
ｔｗｉｃｅ as
ａｓ long
ｌｏｎｇ toｔｏ fall
ｆａｌｌasleep
ａｓｌｅｅｐand
ａｎｄsleeping
ｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇless
ｌｅｓｓoverall.
ｏｖｅｒａｌｌ．Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｄｅｅｐ
During deep
ｓｌｅｅｐ，
sleep, ｔｈｅ
the ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ＇ｂｒａｉｎｓ ｂｅｈａｖｅｄ ｉｎin ａa ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ
participants’ brains behaved similar ｍａｎｎｅｒ
mannerｓｅｅｎ
seenｉｎinｂｉｒｄｓ
birdsａｎｄ
andｄｏｌｐｈｉｎｓ．
dolphins.ＯｎOn
ｔｈｅtheｆｉｒｓｔ
firstｎｉｇｈｔ
nightｏｎｌｙ，
only, ｔｈｅ
the ｌｅｆｔ
left
hemispheres (半球)ｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
ｈｅｍｉｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ（半球） theirｂｒａｉｎｓ
brainsｄｉｄ
did ｎｏｔ
not ｓｌｅｅｐ
sleep ｎｅａｒｌｙ
nearly ａｓ
as deeply as ｔｈｅｉｒ
ｄｅｅｐｌｙ ａｓ their right
ｒｉｇｈｔhemispheres
ｈｅｍｉｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ did.
ｄｉｄ．
Ｃｕｒｉｏｕｓ
Curiousｉｆif ｔｈｅ
the ｌｅｆｔ ｈｅｍｉｓｐｈｅｒｅｓ were
left hemispheres ｗｅｒｅ ｉｎｄｅｅｄ
indeed ｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇ
remaining ａｗａｋｅ
awakeｔｏtoｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ
process ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ
information ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ
detected ｉｎ ｔｈｅ surrounding
in the ｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇ
５5
ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ，
environment,Ｄｒ．
Dr.Ｓａｓａｋｉ
Sasakiｒｅ－ｒａｎ
re-ranｔｈｅ
the ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ
experimentｗｈｉｌｅ
whileｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｉｎｇ
presentingｔｈｅ
the ｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇ
sleeping ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ aａ mix
participants with ｍｉｘ ｏｆ ｒｅｇｕｌａｒｌｙ timed
of regularly ｔｉｍｅｄ
ｂｅｅｐｓ（蜂鸣声）ｏｆ
beeps (蜂鸣 声) ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅsame
of the ｔｏｎｅtone
ａｎｄ and
ｉｒｅｇｕｌａｒ ｂｅｅｐｓbeeps
irregular ｏｆ ａofｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｔｏｎｅ
a different ｄｕｒｉｎｇ
tone ｔｈｅtheｎｉｇｈｔ．
during night.Ｓｈｅ
Sheｗｏｒｋｅｄ ｏｕｔout
worked ｔｈａｔ，ｉｆ
that, ifｔｈｅ
the ｌｅｆｔ
left
ｈｅｍｉｓｐｈｅｒｅ
hemisphereｗａｓwas
ｓｔａｙｉｎｇ ａｌｅｒｔ
staying alertｔｏtoｋｅｅｐ
keepｇｕａｒｄ ｉｎ inａ aｓｔｒａｎｇｅ
guard strangeｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ， ｔｈｅｎthenｉｔ itｗｏｕｌｄ
environment, wouldｒｅａｃｔ
reactｔｏtoｔｈｅ
theｉｒｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
irregular ｂｅｅｐｓ
beeps ｂｙ
byｓｔｉｒｒｉｎｇ
stirring
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
peopleｆｒｏｍ
fromｓｌｅｅｐ
sleepａｎｄandｗｏｕｌｄ
wouldｉｇｎｏｒｅ
ignoreｔｈｅtheｒｅｇｕｌａｒｌｙ
regularlyｔｉｍｅｄ
timedｏｎｅｓ．
ones.Ｔｈｉｓ
This ｉｓ ｐｒｅｃｉｓｅｌｙwhat
is precisely ｗｈａｔ she
ｓｈｅ found.
ｆｏｕｎｄ．
４６．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｉｄdidｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ
46. What ｆｉｎｄfindｐｕｚｚｌｉｎｇ
researchers puzzlingａｂｏｕｔ ｔｈｅtheｆｉｒｓｔ－ｎｉｇｈｔ
about ｅｆｆｅｃｔ？
first-night effect?
A) Toｗｈａｔ
Ａ）Ｔｏ whatｅｘｔｅｎｔ
extent ｉｔ
it can
ｃａｎtrouble
ｔｒｏｕｂｌｅpeople. C) What
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ．Ｃ）Ｗｈａｔ circumstances
ｃｉｒｃｕｍｓｔａｎｃｅｓ ｍａｙmay triggerｉｔ．
ｔｒｉｇｇｅｒ it.
Ｂ）B)Ｗｈａｔ
Whatｒｏｌｅ
role ｉｔ ｈａｓplayed
it has ｐｌａｙｅｄinｉｎevolution.
ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ．Ｄ）Ｉｎ
D) ｗｈａｔ ｗａｙway
In what ｉｔ ｃａｎ
it canｂｅbeｂｅｎｅｆｉｃｉａｌ．
beneficial.
４７．Ｗｈａｔ
47. Whatｄｏdoｗｅwe
ｌｅａｒｎ
learnａｂｏｕｔ
aboutＤｒ．
Dr.Ｙｕｋａ
YukaＳａｓａｋｉ
Sasakiｄｏｉｎｇ
doing ｈｅｒ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ？
her research?
Ａ）A)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｂｉｒｄｓ
birdsａｎｄ
andｄｏｌｐｈｉｎｓ
dolphinsｒｅｍａｉｎ
remainａｌｅｒｔ
alert ｗｈｉｌｅ
while ａｓｌｅｅｐ．
asleep.
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｆｏｕｎｄ
foundｂｉｒｄｓ
birds ａｎｄ
and ｄｏｌｐｈｉｎｓ
dolphins ｓｌｅｅｐ
sleep in
ｉｎmuch
ｍｕｃｈ the
ｔｈｅ same
ｓａｍｅ way.
ｗａｙ．
Ｃ）C)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｇｏｔ
gotｓｏｍｅ
someｉｄｅａ
ideaｆｒｏｍ
fromｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓ
previousｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ
studies ｏｎ
on ｂｉｒｄｓ
birds and
ａｎｄ dolphins
ｄｏｌｐｈｉｎｓ
Ｄ）D)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ
conductedｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ
studies ｏｎ
on ｂｉｒｄｓ＇ａｎｄ
birds’ and ｄｏｌｐｈｉｎｓ＇ｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇ
dolphins’ sleeping patterns.
ｐａｔｔｅｒｓ．
４８．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｉｄdidＤｒ．Dr.Ｓａｓａｋｉ
48. What Sasakiｄｏdoｗｈｅｎ
whenｓｈｅ
sheｆｉｒｓｔ ｄｉｄ her
first did ｈｅｒexperiment?
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ？
Ａ）A)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｅｄ
monitored
ｔｈｅtheｂｒａｉｎ
brainａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ
activity ｏｆ
of ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ
participants sleeping
ｓｌｅｅｐｉｎｇinｉｎa new
ａ ｎｅｗenvironment.
ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｅｄ
recruited ３５
35 ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ
participants from
ｆｒｏｍ her
ｈｅｒ Department of Psychological
Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ Ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Sciences.
Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．
Ｃ）C)ＳｈｅSheｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ
studiedｔｈｅ
theｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ
differencesｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ
betweenｔｈｅ
theｔｗｏ
twoｓｉｄｅｓ
sidesｏｆof ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ＇ｂｒａｉｎｓ．
participants’ brains.
Ｄ）D)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｔｅｓｔｅｄ
tested ｈｅｒ
her ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓ ａｂｏｕｔ birds
findings about ｂｉｒｄｓ and
ａｎｄ dolphins
ｄｏｌｐｈｉｎｓ on
ｏｎ human
ｈｕｍａｎ ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ．
subjects.
４９．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｉｄdidＤｒ．Dr.Ｓａｓａｋｉ
49. What Sasaki ｄｏ
do ｗｈｅｎ
whenｒｅ－ｒｕｎｎｉｎｇ ｈｅｒ experiment?
re-running her ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ？
Ａ）A)Ｓｈｅ
Sheａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ
analyzed
ｔｈｅtheｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ
negativeｅｆｆｅｃｔ
effectｏｆofｉｒｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
irregular ｔｏｎｅｓ
tones on brains.
ｏｎ ｂｒａｉｎｓ．
Ｂ）B)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｒｅｃｏｒｄｅｄ
recordedｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ＇ａｄａｐｔａｔｉｏｎ
participants’ adaptation to ｔｏchanged
ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ environment.
ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ．
Ｃ）C)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｅｘｐｏｓｅｄ
exposed
ｈｅｒher participantsｔｏtoｔｗｏ
ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ twoｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ
different ｓｔｉｍｕｌｉ．
stimuli.
Ｄ）D)Ｓｈｅ
Sheｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ
comparedｔｈｅthe responses
ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓ ｏｆ of differentｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ．
ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ participants.
５０．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｉｄdidＤｒ．Dr.Ｓａｓａｋｉ
50. What Sasakiｆｉｎｄ
findａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
theｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｎｔｓ ｉｎher
participants in ｈｅｒexperiment?
ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ？
Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｅｎｄｅｄ
tended
ｔｏtoｅｎｊｏｙ
enjoyｃｅｒｔａｉｎ
certain ｔｏｎｅｓ
tones ｍｏｒｅ
moreｔｈａｎ
than ｏｔｈｅｒｓ．
others.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｅｎｄｅｄ
tended
ｔｏtoｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅ
perceiveｉｒｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
irregularｂｅｅｐｓ
beepsａｓasａa ｔｈｒｅａｔ．
threat.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｆｅｌｔ
felt ｓｌｅｅｐｙ
sleepy ｗｈｅｎ
whenｅｘｐｏｓｅｄ
exposedｔｏtoｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
regular beeps.
ｂｅｅｐｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
They differedｉｎinｔｈｅｉｒ
ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｄ theirｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ
tolerance ｏｆ
of ｉｒｒｅｇｕｌａｒ
irregular tones.
ｔｏｎｅｓ．

Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ Ｔｗｏ
Passage Two
Questions５１51ｔｏto５５
Ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ 55ａｒｅ
are ｂａｓｅｄ
based ｏｎ
on ｔｈｅ
the ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ
following passage.
ｐａｓｓａｇｅ．

Ｉｔ＇ｓ ｔｉｍｅ toｔｏ reevaluate

It’s time ｒｅｅｖａｌｕａｔｅhow
ｈｏｗwomen
ｗｏｍｅｎ ｈａｎｄｌｅ
handle ｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔ
conflict atａｔwork.
ｗｏｒｋ．Being
Ｂｅｉｎｇoverworked
ｏｖｅｒｗｏｒｋｅｄ orｏｒ over-committed
ｏｖｅｒ－ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｄ atａｔhome
ｈｏｍｅ and
ａｎｄ on
ｏｎ the
ｔｈｅ
ｊｏｂ
jobｗｉｌｌ
will ｎｏｔ
not ｇｅｔ ｙｏｕ ｗｈｅｒｅ
get you whereｙｏｕ
youｗａｎｔ
wantｔｏtoｂｅbeｉｎin ｌｉｆｅ．Ｉｔ ｗｉｌｌonly
life. It will ｏｎｌｙslow
ｓｌｏｗyou
ｙｏｕdown
ｄｏｗｎ ａｎｄ
and ｈｉｎｄｅｒ
hinder ｙｏｕｒ
your ｃａｒｅｅｒ ｇｏａｌｓ．
career goals.
Ｄｉｄ ｙｏｕ ｋｎｏｗ ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｒｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｈａｎ ｍｅｎ ｔｏ ｆｅｅｌ ｅｘｈａｕｓｔｅｄ？ Ｎｅａｒｌｙ ｔｗｉｃｅ ａｓ ｍａｎｙ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｔｈａｎ ｍｅｎ ａｇｅｓ １８－４４
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44
ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ ｆｅｅｌｉｎｇ ＂ｖｅｒｙ ｔｉｒｅｄ＂ｏｒ ＂ｅｘｈａｕｓｔｅｄ＂， ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ａ ｒｅｃｅｎｔ ｓｔｕｄｙ．
reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.
Ｔｈｉｓ ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ ｂｅ ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｉｎｇ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ａｇｅ ｒａｎｇｅ ｗｈｅｎ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｈａｖｅ ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．Ｉｔ＇ｓ ａｌｓｏ ｔｈｅ ａｇｅ ｒａｎｇｅ ｗｈｅｎ
This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when
ｍａｎｙ ｗｏｍｅｎ ａｒｅ ｔｒｙｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｂａｌａｎｃｅ ｃａｒｅｅｒｓ ａｎｄ ｈｏｍｅ． Ｏｎｅ ｒｅａｓｏｎ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｍａｙ ｆｅｅｌ ｅｘｈａｕｓｔｅｄ ｉｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅｙ ｈａｖｅ ａ ｈａｒｄ ｔｉｍｅ
many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time
ｓａｙｉｎｇ ＂ｎｏ．＂ Ｗｏｍｅｎ ｗａｎｔ ｔｏ ｂｅ ａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｄｏ ｉｔ ａｌｌ ｖｏｌｕｎｔｅｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｐａｒｔｉｅｓ ｏｒ ｃｏｏｋ ｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｕｓ ｍｅａｌｓ－ａｎｄ ｓｏ ｔｈｅｉｒ ａｎｓｗｅｒ ｔｏ
saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to
ａｎｙ ｒｅｑｕｅｓｔ ｉｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ＂Ｙｅｓ， Ｉ ｃａｎ．＂
any request is often “Yes, I can.”
Ｗｏｍｅｎ ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅ ｔｏ ｓａｙ＂ｎｏ＂ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｋｐｌａｃｅ ｆｏｒ ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ ｒｅａｓｏｎｓ， ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｓｉｒｅ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｌｉｋｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｃｏｌｌｅａｇｕｅｓ．
Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.
Ｕｎｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｅｌｙ，
Unfortunately,ｔｈｉｓthisｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ say
inability to ｓａｙ "no"
＂ｎｏ＂ may
ｍａｙ ｂｅbe ｈｕｒｔｉｎｇ
hurting ｗｏｍｅｎ＇ｓ
women'sｈｅａｔｈ
heathａｓasｗｅｌｌ
wellａｓasｔｈｅｉｒ ｃａｒｅｅｒ．
their career.
ＡｔAtｔｈｅ
theｗｏｒｋｐｌａｃｅ，
workplace,ｍｅｎ men ｕｓｅuseｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔ
conflictａｓasａa ｗａｙ
wayｔｏtoｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ
position ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ，
themselves, ｗｈｉｌｅ
while ｗｏｍｅｎ
women ｏｆｔｅｎ
oftenａｖｏｉｄ ｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔ
avoid conflictｏｒorｓｔｒｉｖｅ ｔｏ be
strive to ｂｅ
ｔｈｅ ｐｅａｃｅｍａｋｅｒ， ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｔｈｅｙ ｄｏｎ＇ｔ ｗａｎｔ ｔｏ ｂｅ ｖｉｅｗｅｄ ａｓ ａｇｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ ｏｒ ｄｉｓｒｕｐｔｉｖｅ ａｔ ｗｏｒｋ． Ｆｏｒ ｅｘａｍｐｌｅ， ｔｈｅｒｅ＇ｓ ａ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ
the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem
ｔｈａｔ
that ｎｅｅｄｓ
needsｔｏto ｂｅ
be ａｄｄｒｅｓｓｅｄ
addressedｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙ，ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇ
immediately, resultingｉｎinａ aｄｉｓｐｕｔｅ
disputeｏｖｅｒ
overｓｈｏｕｌｄ
shouldｂｅbeｔｈｅ
theｏｎｅ
oneｔｏtoｆｉｘ
fix ｉｔ． Ｍｅｎ ａｒｅ
it. Men are ｍｏｒｅ
moreｌｉｋｅｌｙ
likely ｔｏ ｆａｃｅ
to face
ｔｈａｔ ｄｉｓｐｕｔｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｏｆ ｗｈａｔ ｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ ｔｈｅｍ ｍｏｓｔ， ｗｈｅｒｅａｓ ｗｏｍｅｎ ｍａｙ ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｄｉｓｐｕｔｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ
that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the
ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｏｆ ｗｈａｔ＇ｓ ｔｈｅ ｅａｓｉｅｓｔ ａｎｄ ｑｕｉｃｋｅｓｔ ｗａｙ ｔｏ ｒｅｓｏｌｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ－ｅｖｅｎ ｉｆ ｔｈａｔ ｍｅａｎｓ ｄｏｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｂｏｒｉｎｇ ｗｏｒｋ
perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work
ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ．
themselves.

６6
 Ｔｈｉｓ
Thisｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ
difference ｉｎ
in ｈａｎｄｌｉｎｇ
handling ｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔ ｃｏｕｌｄ be
conflict could ｂｅ the
ｔｈｅ deciding
ｄｅｃｉｄｉｎｇ factor
ｆａｃｔｏｒonｏｎwho
ｗｈｏ gets
ｇｅｔｓ promoted
ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｄ ｔｏto ａa ｌｅａｄｅｒｓｈｉｐ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ and
leadership position ａｎｄ
ｗｈｏ
whoｄｏｅｓ
doesｎｏｔ．
not.Ｌｅａｄｅｒｓ
Leadersｈａｖｅ
haveｔｏtoｂｅbeａｂｌｅ
able ｔｏ
to ｄｅｌｅｇａｔｅ ａｎｄ ｍａｎａｇｅ
delegate and manageｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ
resources ｗｉｓｅｌｙ－ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ
wisely – includingｓｔａｆｆ
staffｅｘｐｅｒｔｉｓｅ． Ｓｈｏｕｌｄｅｒｉｎｇ
expertise. Shouldering
ｍｏｒｅ
moreｏｆofｔｈｅtheｗｏｒｋｌｏａｄ
workloadｍａｙmay
ｎｏｔnot
ｅａｒｎearnｙｏｕyou
ｔｈａｔthatｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎ．Ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ，ｉｔ
promotion. Instead,ｍａｙ ｈｉｇｈｌｉｇｈｔ
it may ｙｏｕｒyour
highlight ｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ
inabilityｔｏtoｄｅｌｅｇａｔｅ
delegateｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ．
effectively.
５１．Ｗｈａｔ ｄｏｅｓ
51. What doesｔｈｅ
theａｕｔｈｏｒ
author ｓａｙ ｉｓthe
say is ｔｈｅproblem
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍwith
ｗｉｔｈwomen?
ｗｏｍｅｎ？
Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅareｏｆｔｅｎ
oftenｕｎｃｌｅａｒ
unclearａｂｏｕｔ
aboutｔｈｅ
theｃａｒｅｅｒ
career ｇｏａｌｓ
goals ｔｏ ｒｅａｃｈ．
to reach.
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅ
areｕｓｕａｌｌｙ
usually ｍｏｒｅ
more ｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｄ
committedａｔat ｈｏｍｅ
homeｔｈａｎ
thanｏｎonｔｈｅ
the ｊｏｂ．
job.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｔｅｎｄ
tendｔｏtoｂｅbeｏｖｅｒ－ｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｔｉｃ
over-optimistic ａｂｏｕｔ
about ｈｏｗ
howｆａｒ far ｔｈｅｙ
they could
ｃｏｕｌｄ go.
ｇｏ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
They tend
ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏtoｐｕｓｈ
pushｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓ
themselves beyond
ｂｅｙｏｎｄ ｔｈｅ the limits
ｌｉｍｉｔｓ ｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
theirａｂｉｌｉｔｙ．
ability.
５２．52.Ｗｈｙ
Whyｄｏdoｗｏｒｋｉｎｇ ｗｏｍｅｎ
working ｏｆ ｃｈｉｌｄ－ｂｅａｒｉｎｇ
women ａｇｅageｔｅｎｄtendｔｏtoｆｅｅｌ
of child-bearing feel ｄｒａｉｎｅｄ ｏｆ energy?
drained of ｅｎｅｒｇｙ？
A) They
Ａ）Ｔｈｅｙ struggleｔｏtoｓａｔｉｓｆｙ
ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅ satisfy the
ｔｈｅdemands
ｄｅｍａｎｄｓ of
ｏｆboth
ｂｏｔｈwork
ｗｏｒｋ and
ａｎｄhome.
ｈｏｍｅ．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅareｔｏｏ
tooｄｅｖｏｔｅｄ
devotedｔｏtoｗｏｒｋ
workａｎｄandｕｎａｂｌｅ
unable
ｔｏ toｒｅｌａｘ
relaxａｓasａaｒｅｓｕｌｔ．
result.
Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyｄｏdoｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｂｅｓｔ
best ｔｏ
to cooperate
ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅ with
ｗｉｔｈ their
ｔｈｅｉｒworkmates.
ｗｏｒｋｍａｔｅｓ．
Ｄ）D)Ｔｈｅｙ
Theyａｒｅareｏｂｌｉｇｅｄ
obligedｔｏtoｔａｋｅ
takeｕｐ
upｔｏｏ
too ｍａｎｙ
manyｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ．
responsibilities.
５３．Ｗｈａｔ ｍａｙmay
53. What ｈｉｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅtheｆｕｔｕｒｅ
hinder future ｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｓ ｏｆcareer
prospects of ｃａｒｅｅｒwomen?
ｗｏｍｅｎ？
Ａ）A)Ｔｈｅｉｒ
Their ｕｎｗｉｌｌｉｎｇｎｅｓｓ
unwillingness to
ｔｏ say “no”.
ｓａｙ＂ｎｏ＂．
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅｉｒ
Theirｄｅｓｉｒｅ
desire ｔｏ
to be
ｂｅ considered
ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ powerful.
ｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌ．
Ｃ）C)ＡｎAnｕｎｄｅｒｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅ
underestimate
ｏｆofｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｏｗｎ
ownａｂｉｌｉｔｙ．
ability.
Ｄ）Ａ
D) ｌａｃｋ
A lackｏｆofｃｏｕｒａｇｅ
courageｔｏtoｆａｃｅface ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｓ．
challenges.
５４．Ｍｅｎ ａｎｄ ｗｏｍａｎ ｄｉｆｆｅｒ ｉｎ ｔｈｅｉｒ ａｐｐｒｏａｃｈ ｔｏ ｒｅｓｏｌｖｉｎｇ ｗｏｒｋｐｌａｃｅ ｃｏｎｆｌｉｃｔｓ ｉｎ ｔｈａｔ＿＿＿
54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.
Ａ）A)ｗｏｍｅｎ
women tend
ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ toｂｅbeｅａｓｉｌｙ
easilyｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｄ
satisfied
Ｂ）B)ｍｅｎ
menａｒｅ
areｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ
generally more
ｍｏｒｅ persuasive
ｐｅｒｓｕａｓｉｖｅ
Ｃ）C)ｍｅｎmen
ｔｅｎｄtend
ｔｏ to
ｐｕｔputｔｈｅｉｒ
theirｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ
personalｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｓ
interests ｆｉｒｓｔ
first
Ｄ）D)ｗｏｍｅｎ
womenａｒｅ areｍｕｃｈ
muchｍｏｒｅmoreｒｅａｄｙ
ready toｔｏ compromise
ｃｏｍｐｒｏｍｉｓｅ
５５． Ｗｈａｔ ｉｓ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｔｏ ａ ｇｏｏｄ ｌｅａｄｅｒ？
55. What is important to a good leader?
Ａ）A)ＡAｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔ
dominantｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙ．
personality. Ｃ）C)Ｔｈｅ
Theｃｏｕｒａｇｅ
courageｔｏtoａｄｍｉｔ
admit ｆａｉｌｕｒｅ
failure
Ｂ）B)Ｔｈｅ
Theａｂｉｌｉｔｙ
ability ｔｏto delegate.
ｄｅｌｅｇａｔｅ． Ｄ）D)Ａ Aｓｔｒｏｎｇ
strongｓｅｎｓｅ
senseｏｆofｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙ．
responsibility.

Ｐａｒｔ Ⅳ
Part Ⅳ Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
Translation （３０
(30 ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ）
minutes)
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ： Ｆｏｒ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｒｔ，ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ａｌｌｏｗｅｄ ３０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ ｔｏ ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｆｒｏｍ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｉｎｔｏ
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ． Ｙｏｕ should
English. You ｓｈｏｕｌｄ write
ｗｒｉｔｅyour
ｙｏｕｒanswer
ａｎｓｗｅｒonｏｎAnswer
Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Sheet
Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２．
2.
泰山位于山东省西部。海拔 1500 余米,方圆约 400 平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观,而且是一座历史文化名山,过去
泰山位于山东省西部。海拔１５００余米，方圆约４００平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观．而且是一座历史文化名山过去
３０００
3000 多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有
多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载,共有 ７２位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺
72 位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感,写诗作文,艺
术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。
术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。

７7