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Bridge Course Class Xii Geography 2024-25
Bridge Course Class Xii Geography 2024-25
SANGATHAN
(MUMBAI REGION)
BRIDGE COURSE
(21 Days)
For Classes 11th & 12th
(Commerce & Humanities)
The module will be prepared by taking into consideration the following parameters:
1) Identification of learning gaps – Student’s point of view
2) Identification of learning outcomes – Teacher’s point of view
3) Module will be prepared concept wise/skill wise/competency wise.
4) Core concepts from syllabus of previous class of each chapter will be taken and linked with the
present class.
5) The module will be prepared for 3 weeks duration.
6) After every week one test will be taken to analyses the progress of the students.
7) Day to day worksheets can be prepared by the subject teachers and to get it solved.
8) Example of day to day work to be done by the teacher is given below:
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
MUMBAI REGION
BRIDGE COURSE
FOR CLASS – XII
SUBJECT
Learning Outcomes:
• Co-relationship of Physical Geography and Natural sciences
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
• Students will learn how Geography is associated with other Social sciences.
• How has Geography changed the pattern of the living of the people in
different parts of the world?
• Students may ask how is Geography then study of earth’s science?
• The students may learn Geography is concerned with the description of the
areas differentiation of the earth’s surface.
Assessment:
1. What is Geography?
2. Who is known as the Father of Geography?
3. What do we study in Geography?
4. Name the major natural sciences.
5. Give an account of Regional Geography.
DAY – 2
Learning Outcomes:
• To learn different branches of Geography such as Physical geography, Human
geography, Climatology, Hydrology, Soil geography, Cultural geography,
Economic geography, Population, and Settlement geography.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
• With the help of different examples given by the teacher, students will try to
differentiate between different branches of Geography.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To understand new dimensions of Geographical study, Dualism in Geography
Determinism, Possibilism and Neo-determinism.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will place various examples of ancient times in which human
being was totally dependent on nature.
• The teacher will discuss that humans suffered from serious limitations
imposed by nature because nature was overpowering.
• How did human adjust themselves to natural environment as they did not try
to transgress the dictates of the nature?
Students’ Activities:
• Students will be divided in two groups to debate on the topic – “Is man victim
of circumstances?”
• The will place various examples of advancement proving that now man is not
a puppet in the hands of nature.
• They can place the example of air conditioning, flying of aeroplanes,
construction of skyscrapers buildings etc.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To know the various types of elements by which earth is made up of.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
• To collect various types of minerals for identification.
• On the outline map of India locate the important minerals deposits.
• Students will learn the characteristics of minerals.
• They will also learn why is the variations in the location of different types of
rocks at different places.
Assessment:
1. Draw a diagram of the rock cycle.
2. What is Petrology?
3. How many elements are there for most of the earth’s crust?
4. What is rock? What are the types of rocks?
5. What is mineral? What are the types of minerals?
DAY – 5
TOPIC: Climate
Learning Outcomes:
• Basic concept of atmospheric activities like Weather and Climate, Rainfall,
Humidity and Pressure of a place.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will discuss various aspects of Weather like why sometimes rainy,
hot, moist and dry situations occur at certain places. Why some of the places
are very cold?
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
1. On the outline map of India locate the place which receives highest amount of
rainfall in the world.
2. On the outline map of India locate the area of high, moderate and low rainfall.
3. What is Western cyclonic disturbance?
4. What do you mean by burst of monsoon?
5. What is inter tropical convergence?
6. Differentiate between Diurnal range of temperature and Annual range of
temperature.
DAY – 6
TOPIC: Climate
Learning Outcomes:
• Students will learn in detail about the causes and pccurance pf rainfall.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will discuss the factors which cause rainfall in India.
• The teacher will divide the rainfall regions of India into heavy, medium and
low
rainfall regions.
• The teacher will discuss the rainfall during the winter season also.
• The causes and consequences of winter rainfall.
Students’ Activities:
• The students will understand and difference between precipitation and
rainfall.
• They will learn inter tropical convergence.
• The division of south-west monsoon into two parts – Arabian sea branch of
monsoon and Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon.
• Why is the decreasing trend of rainfall fall from north-eastern [art pf the
country towards the north western part pf the country?
Assessment:
TOPIC: Climate
SUB TOPIC: Seasons in India.
Learning Outcomes:
• Basic concept of the revolution of the earth on its elliptical path, Summer
solstice, Winter solstice, Spring equinox and Autumn equinox.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will first discuss rotation and revolution.
• Discussion on Aphelion and Perihelion.
• The teacher has to clearly explain about Cold weather season, Hot weather
season, the season of Advancing monsoon and the season of Retreating
monsoon.
• Important terms like calamity of Baishakh, October heat, Loo, Western
disturbances must be discussed.
Students’ Activities:
• Student will collect data of temperature and rainfall of different places.
• They will draw the diagram of important positions of the earth on its elliptical
path.
• They will also learn the advancement of monsoon.
• The students will learn monsoon as an unifying bond.
• The students must learn that the word monsoon is enough to understand
Indian climate.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• Basic concept of the location of the country in global context. Its
advantages and disadvantages
Teacher’s Activities:
• With the help of the map of the world and India location will be understood.
Students’ Activities:
• On the map of the world students will locate India and in the map of India,
they will locate all the neighbouring countries.
Assessment:
1. To locate all the states of India with their capitals on the map of India.
2. How is India benefitted by its central location on the globe?
3. What is the commercial importance of location of a country?
4. The difference of time from the eastern part of the country to the western pf of
the country is two hours. Explain the reason.
DAY – 9
Learning Outcomes:
• To understand present physical divisions wit historical perspectives.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
• With different colours students will shade the map of India showing different
physical divisions.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To understand in detail about the formation of physical divisions of India.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
• Students will make a list of major Himalayan peaks from the west to the east
with the help of an atlas.
• They will identify the major landforms of the state of student from where he or
she belongs to.
Assessment:
1. Why are Himalayas called the young fold mountain of the world?
2. What do you mean by Delta?
3. What is Atoll?
4. Explain the physical divisions of India.
5. Give an account of Purvanchal Himalayas.
6. Differentiate between Indus basis and Ganga basin.
DAY – 11
Learning Outcomes:
• Rivers are the lifeline of the economy of a country, hence students must
learn in detail about the river system.
Teacher’s Activities:
• It will be very interesting for the students if the teacher shows the flowing of
the rivers through power point presentation.
• The origin of the rivers and their termination will be discussed.
• What is river basin will be discussed by the teacher?
• The teacher must discuss that why most of the rivers discharge their water
into Bay of Bengal?
Students’ Activities:
• Students will make a comparative bar diagram on a graph paper to show the
length of the course of the rivers.
• The students will learn the difference between Himalayan rivers and
peninsular rivers.
• They will learn that why ancient civilisations developed along river valleys.
• The students will locate the main rivers and their tributaries.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To understand the importance of flora and fauna.
• To know about ecological balance and ecosystem.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To know whether the present position of continents and oceans are from
the beginning of the origin of earth or attained in a later period.
Teacher’s Activities:
• With the help of world map, the teacher will explain how the fossils and
minerals in one part of South America and another part of Africa are similar
which proves that earlier both the continents were joined together.
Students’ Activities:
• Students will juxtapose the map of Africa and South America to each other by
making model with the help of thermo coal.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To make the students understand that the floor of the sea is still
spreading due to continuous flow of lava.
Teacher’s Activities:
• By burning a candle, the teacher can explain that how sea floor is spreading
due to uprising of lava from interior of the earth.
• To discuss spreading subduction, collision and transformation.
• To discuss mid oceanic ridges.
• To discuss about Placer deposits.
Students’ Activities:
• With geographical models of convergent and divergent plates students may
learn Plate tectonics.
• The will draw the diagram of convergent, divergent and transformed plates,
Assessment:
1. Bring about the basic differences between the drift theory and plate tectonics.
2. What is Fold mountain?
3. What do you mean by Panthalasa?
4. What do you mean by Jig-saw fit?
5. What is convectional current theory?
DAY – 15
Learning Outcomes:
• To know in detail about the weather system and blowing of wind and air
current.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will discuss the basic concept of weather, climate, temperature
and air pressure.
• The teacher has to discuss the rotation of the earth.
• To let the students learn about Coriolis Force.
• Relationship between temperature and pressure.
Students’ Activities:
• Collect weather information over media such as newspaper, tv and radio for
understanding the weather system.
• The students will learn about Isobar and Isotherm.
• In the map of world and India, they will study and draw Isobar and Isotherm.
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To understand Trade wind, Westerlies, Easterlies, Local wind like Land
breeze and Sea breeze, Seasonal wind like Monsoon.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher may explain planetary wind through power point presentation. To
explain the relationship between temperature and pressure Coriolis force and
deflection of wind.
• The teacher will draw the diagram of showing global pressure belt.
• Blowing of planetary wind will be explained.
• Different convection cell will also be discussed by the teacher.
• Different types of cyclones also should be discussed.
Students’ Activities:
• Students will draw the diagram of global pressure belt and show the blowing
of planetary wind.
• On black board they will draw the diagram of global pressure belt.
• They will learn why the blowing of wind in a particular direction.
• Relationship between temperature and pressure.
• They must know what is Doldrum?
Assessment:
Learning Outcomes:
• To understand various types of disturbances and turbulences in ocean
water.
Teacher’s Activities:
• The teacher will clearly differentiate between all the movements of ocean
water.
• With help of power point presentation tides can be easily understood.
• Factors causing ocean currents will be discussed.
• It will also be discussed that why ocean water always moving?
• Through different diagrams wave crest, wave length, wave amplitude, wave
frequently will be discussed.
Students’ Activities:
• Visit a lake or a pond and observe the movements of waves. Throw a stone
and notice how waves are generated.
• The students have to practise diagram on the black board to understand
different types of movements.
• Through different colours they can show warm and cold current on the globe.
• The students will make list of cold currents and warm currents.
Assessment:
1. Take a globe and a map showing the currents of the oceans. Discuss why
certain currents are warm or cold and why they deflect in certain places and
examine the reasons.
2. Distinguish between cold and warm current.
3. What are the types of tides?
4. Why is the moon more important in the formation of tides?
5. Explain the characteristics of ocean currents.
DAY – 18
TOPIC: Water in the Atmosphere.
SUB TOPIC: Hydrological Cycle.
Learning Outcomes:
• To make the students learn about different forms of water available in
the atmosphere.
• Importance of different forms of water.
Teacher’s Activities:
Students’ Activities:
• Student will place the example of evaporation, condensation and precipitation
from the proximity.
• They will draw the diagram of hydrological
• They will learn the difference between absolute humidity and relative humidity.
• They will learn how the level of ocean water is always maintained.
Assessment:
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