Determine the tension in various points of hanging

rods loaded at different points by experimental,

analytical and graphical method

➢ Purpose:
• This method is used to find out the forces in hanging ropes.
• To understand the equilibrium of concurrent force system.
• To compare the experimental and theoretical results.

➢ Apparatus:

• Flexible hanging ropes.

• Weights and hangers.
• Measuring Tapes.

➢ Related Theory:

• Force:
Force is an action which tends to cause acceleration of a body. It is a vector quantity.
The expression of force is: “F=ma”

• Concurrent Forces:
Two or more forces are said to be concurrent at a point if their point if their lines of
intersection at that point. The two applied forces have a common point of application and are
concurrent.

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 • Equilibrium:
When all the forces that act upon an object are balanced, then the object is said to be in a state
of equilibrium. The forces are considered to be balanced if the rightward forces are balanced
by the leftward forces and the upward forces are balanced by the downward forces. There are
two conditions of equilibrium:
1. The sum of the external forces on the rigid object must be equal to zero.
ΣF=0
2. The sum of the external torques on the rigid object must be equal to zero.
ΣFx=0
ΣFy=0
ΣFz=0

• Trigonometric Rules:
Sine Law:

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Cosine Law:

• Behavior of Flexible cable:

1. Under the action of self-load:

2. Under the action of concentrated load:

3. Under distributed load:

4. Under the action of VDL (Virtually distributed load):

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➢ Procedure:
• Check the apparatus is in working condition or not.
• Note down the zero error from the spring balance attached with the apparatus. Apply
weights on both sides of the hanger.
• Observe the readings on spring balance and also measure the geometrical dimensions
of the apparatus.
• Repeat the above steps by changing the weights and also by changing the position of
loads.
• Calculate the forces in the cables by the observed geometrical dimensions when the
load was applied.

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➢ Observations & Calculations

➢ Comments:
In this experiment, we learned about finding forces.

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