Feasibility Report of Dangari (1400MW)

Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro Electric
Project (4 X 350 MW),

Chhattisgarh
FEASIBILITY REPORT
Consultant:
September, 2023
Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER-1 : INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER-2 : JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT FROM POWER ANGLE
CHAPTER-3 : ECONOMIC SCENERIO OF CHHATTISGARH
CHAPTER-4 : HYDROLOGY
CHAPTER-5 : GEOLOGICAL STUDIES
CHAPTER-6 : PROJECT PLANNING & INSTALLED CAPACITY
CHAPTER-7 : DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES
CHAPTER-8 : DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
CHAPTER-9 : CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
CHAPTER-10 : TRANSMISSION OF POWER & COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
CHAPTER-11 : ENVIRONMENTAL & ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS
CHAPTER-12 : COST ESTIMATES
CHAPTER-13 : ECONOMIC EVALUATION
CHAPTER-14 : CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
Table of Contents
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
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Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
1.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Project Background .............................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Project Location .................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Access to the Project ........................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Topography & Climate ......................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Geology .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.7 Seismicity of the Project Area ............................................................................................ 6
1.8 Installed Capacity and Power Generation ........................................................................ 6
1.9 Land Requirement ................................................................................................................ 7
1.10 Power Evacuation Arrangement: ....................................................................................... 7
1.11 Estimates of the Cost........................................................................................................... 8
1.12 Financial Aspects ................................................................................................................. 8
1.13 Conclusion & Recommendation ......................................................................................... 9
1.14 Salient Features ................................................................................................................. 10
List of Figures
Figure 1. 1: Project Location on Google Earth....................................................................... 4
Chapter – 1: Introduction Page i

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Feasibility Report
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
India is a rapid-growing economy experiencing fast industrialization, irrigation development,

urbanization, improved village infrastructure etc. With a population of 1.3 billion, India has a
massive demand for energy to fuel its rapidly growing economy. From a power deficit nation
at the time of Independence, the efforts to make India energy-independent have continued
for over seven decades.
Keeping in mind the sustainable development goals, India's power generation mix is rapidly
shifting towards a more significant share of renewable energy. Today, India is the world's
third largest producer of renewable energy, with 40% of its installed electricity
capacity coming from non-fossil fuel sources.
The demand for power which is one of the basic inputs for the economic growth of a country is
therefore, on the rise in India. The chief sources of energy which are utilized for generation of
electricity are: Fuel in all forms i.e., solid, liquid and gaseous, water energy and nuclear
energy. The other sources of energy are sun (solar photo-voltaic etc.), wind and tides.
The global power sector is undergoing an accelerated transformation due to technological

innovations and response to climate change protocols. At COP-21 in Paris in 2015, India
committed to a 40% share of power generation from non-fossil fuel sources. We have
achieved this target a decade ahead of the 2030 timeline.
India has always shown its willingness in leadership to fight climate change. The country’s
vision is to achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2070, in addition to attaining the short-term
targets which include:
 Increasing renewables capacity to 500 GW by 2030,
 Meeting 50% of energy requirements from renewables,
 Reducing cumulative emissions by one billion tonnes by 2030, and
 Reducing emissions intensity of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) by 45% by

2030.
India's experience shall be valuable to other developing nations as they translate their
climate pledges into actions and undertake energy transitions towards a more sustainable
energy future. After Integration of huge renewable energy into the grid, stable
Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 1 of 12

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operation of Indian Grid duly ensuring 24x7 power for all shall be more challenging. In order
to meet such challenges, energy storage system can be an important tool which can be used
for Load and Generation balancing. Curtailment of RE Generation during low demand
periods can also be minimized with such Energy Storage Systems.
Grid balancing by generation of power or drawl is very much effective with Pump Storage
Project Projects. There is a big scope to keep up this ratio with the installation of a Pump
Storage Project as well as to add generation according to need of the grid which will ensure
the active participation in expansion of power generation of the country in coming years.
From economic point of view, the pumped storage project is viable as the rate of energy is
different at different time of the day though it draws more power during pumping rather than
generation.
If a big Solar project is connected with grid, frequency of the grid may change due to its
sudden variation of generation due to its natural variation like, cloud, rain, storm etc. It is a
hard task for Thermal power station to cope up the grid balance due to sudden change in solar
generation, but pumped storage project has the scope to cope up this variation within
millisecond.
Pumped Storage Project (PSP) is a type of hydroelectric generation plant that stores energy in
the form of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to upper elevation reservoir during
off-peak period and generates electricity during peak period. This is currently one of the most
effective means of storing large amount of electric energy. It helps in grid stability, reliable
supply and providing quality power (in terms of voltage and frequency). In any typical PSP the
water from Upper Reservoir passes through the waterways to the turbines installed at the
power house to generate power during peak hours. The tail water is diverted through the
tunnel to store water in the lower reservoir. The excess water from upper/lower reservoir (if
any) gets discharged through spill way. During off peak hours the excess power from thermal
stations and other sources will be fed back to pump the water from Lower Reservoir to Upper
Reservoir through power house where generators and turbines then acts as motors and
pumps respectively. The same cycle of operation gets repeated during peak and lean period.
CSPGCL has identified 5 locations in Chhattisgarh for preparation of Pre-feasibility Report

(PFR) & Detailed Project Report (DPR) for development PSPs and has appointed the
WAPCOS for consultancy services for Pre-feasibility Report (PFR) & Detailed Project Report
(DPR) for 5 nos. proposed Pumped Storage Hydro-electric project sites at Chhattisgarh
including all requisite clearances vide order no. 03-14/PSP/2022/411 Dt. 16.11.2022. In

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
line with the objective of the assignment a Pre-feasibility Report (PFR) for Dangari Pumped
Storage Hydro-electric Project (1400 MW) has been prepared.
1.2 Project Background
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project (1400 MW) envisages
utilization of available head between proposed upper dam and proposed lower dam near
Navapara village in Dangari. An Underground Power House (UGPH) will be located in
between two reservoirs. Both the reservoirs will be interconnected through water conductor
system and the generator and turbines installed at the power house.
Preliminary studies will help for preparation of DPR of Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-
electric project in Chhattisgarh, which aims to strengthen the power position and flexibility to
control the frequency of the power grid and power requirement of the state and utilisation of
generated power during peak hours of power demand and utilization of excess power during
lean hours for pumping of water to upper reservoir.
The topography indicates that the Upper and Lower Reservoirs have effective storage
capacity sufficient for maximum hours of generation daily at full rated output, and is possible to
operate the project on daily basis.
1.3 Project Location
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Project is located in Navapara village of Jashpur
district of Chhattisgarh, India (Figure 1.1: Location Map). The upper reservoir falls in Lat
23°10'56.40"N and 83°36'53.46"E and Lower Reservoir falls in Lat 23°11'10"N and 83°35'
0.89" E respectively. It is located 115 KM towards North West direction from District
headquarters Jashpur Nagar. The proposed Upper and Lower reservoir are accessible
through kachcha road at 23 km and 16 km from SH-12 respectively. Both the Dams falls
under revenue/ cultivated land and as per preliminary information no habitation is
observed.

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Figure 1. 1: Project Location on Google Earth
1.4 Access to the Project
The Project is located in Navapara village in Jashpur district in the state of Chhattisgarh in
India. The nearest rail head is Ambikapur Railway Station which is about 74 km from
proposed Dangari lower dam with loading & unloading facility. The nearest airport is Ranchi
which is 250 km (approx.) from project site. The nearest sea port is Gopalpur Port & is about
607 km from the project site.
1.5 Topography & Climate
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Project is located in Navapara village of Jashpur
district of Chhattisgarh, India.
Jashpur District lies in the north-eastern corner of the state of Chhattisgarh in India adjoining
the border of Jharkhand and Odisha. Jashpur Nagar is the administrative headquarters of
the district. The northsouth length of this district is about 150 km, and its east-west breadth
is about 85 km. Its total area is 6,205 km². It is between 22° 17′ and 23° 15′ North latitude
and 83° 30′ and 84° 24′ East longitude. Geographical area was 6701 km². It is bordered by
Balrampur district to the north, Gumla district of Jharkhand to the east, Simdega district of

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Jharkhand and Sundergarh district of Odisha to the southeast, Raigarh district to the
southwest and Surguja district to the west. It is divided geographically into two parts. The
northern hilly belt is called the Upper Ghat. The remaining, southern part, is called Nichghat.
The upper ghat runs from Loroghat Kastura, Narayanpur, Bagicha up to Surguja and
Balrampur districts. This belt is a forest area and contains a reserve forest. It covers Sanna,
Bagicha, and Narayanpur. The upper ghat is an extension plateau covering 1384 km² which
is about 1200 meters above sea level and is covered by a dense forest. The elevated
plateau is called "Pat". The Upper Ghat is climbed through Loroghat. Loroghat is about 4 km
in length and there are three turnings that are very dangerous.
Nichghat is flat in general but also has many big mountains. In Jashpur Raigarh road there
are two more ghats, Jhanda ghat before Kansabel and Belaghat after Kansabel.
The district of Jashpur has a tropical climate. It is hot and humid in the summer because of
its proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its dependence on the monsoons for rains. Summer
temperatures can reach up to 49 °C (113 °F). The summer season here starts from the
month of April to the mid of June month. Rainy season in this region is due to the South-
West Monsoon starts from late June to October and is a welcome respite from the heat.
Chhattisgarh receives an average of 1,300 millimetres of rain. Winter is from November to
January. Winters are pleasant with low temperatures and less humidity.
1.6 Geology
The project area lies in the Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh. Different types of landforms like
structural hills, pediment-pediplain, plateau etc. are found in and around the project area.
Basalt capped by laterite belonging to Deccan Trap of Cretaceous to Cainozoic age,
Polymictic conglomerate, gritty sandstone belonging to Lameta Group of Cretaceous age
and Granite gneiss (porphyroblastic, Auguen, banded, grey granitic& migmatite) with
enclaves of meta-sediments and metabasics belonging to Chhota Nagpur Gneissic Complex
of Archaen to Proterozoic (undiff.) age in and around the project site. The dip and strike is
assumed as N83W-S83E dip 07° towards NE.
The proposed project envisages construction of an artificial reservoir in the upper reaches
and construction of Dam in lower reaches. The water from upper reservoir is passing
through a HRT-Pressure shaft- penstock to an Underground powerhouse- TRT to the
proposed lower reservoir located at the lower reaches. Both water conductor systems feed a
common underground powerhouse with an envisaged installed capacity as 1400 MW. The

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Feasibility Report
main components of the projects are:
 Upper dam (Bund type) is 3590m long rock-fill dam with clay core with
maximum height of 19m.
 Lower concrete dam 737m long with maximum height of 36m is to be

constructed to impound the water in Geor Nadi
 1 no. main intakes are proposed for two water conductor system.
 2 nos. pressure shaft connecting intake to power house
 Pressure shaft bifurcates after drop into 2 nos. smaller diameter penstock.
 Underground power house cavern housing 4 no. unit of 350 MW reversible

Francis pump turbine.
 Transformer cavern is located d/s of power house cavern.
 2 no. TRT (Concrete lined) connecting Power house to proposed Lower

reservoir.
 To facilitate the construction and operation of the project components, suitable

adits and access roads have been proposed.
Various alternate proposals have been studied by WAPCOS. Alternative-2 is selected on the
basis of Feasibility study. However, detailed study & investigation of the alternative is
required to be carried out at DPR stage.
1.7 Seismicity of the Project Area
As per Seismic Zonation Map of India (IS 1893 – 1984) the district Jashpur falls in Zone II
(moderate seismic zone). The project area falls under seismic zone-II.
1.8 Installed Capacity and Power Generation
The factors that influence the installed capacity of pumped storage scheme at a site are the
requirement of daily peaking hours of operation, operating head, live pondage in the
reservoirs and their area capacity characteristics: Based on the study on above parameters
the key details of the scheme are summarized below:

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Feasibility Report
Installed Capacity (MW) 1400 MW
No of units 4 nos.
Unit Size (MW) 350
Type of Turbine Vertical reversible Francis Turbine
Net Design Head (m) 374.00 m

Hours of Peaking Operation 5 Hrs 40 Min
2895.67 GWh for 1 cycle operation
Annual Energy Generation (GWh) 4343.5 GWh for 1.5 cycle operation
3697.68 GWh for 1 cycle operation
Annual Pumping Energy (GWh) 5546.52 GWh for 1.5 cycle operation
Cycle Efficiency (%) 78.31%
Head Loss (m) 17 m
1.9 Land Requirement
The total land to be acquired for the project is approximately 499 hectares. Based on the site
visit and preliminary secondary data available, most of the land required is coming under
revenue or private land. The clearance and acquisition of land will be as per the land
guidelines. Suitable site will be selected for muck disposal at DPR stage. The various
components of the land required is shown in Table below:
S. No. Appurtenance Area (Ha.)

1. Project Component 449
2. Roads 20
3. Muck Disposal/ Quarry Site 15
4. Contractor’s facility 15
Total Area (Ha.) 499
1.10 Power Evacuation Arrangement:
It is proposed to evacuate the power from 2 nos. D/C 400 kV transmission line which would
be connected to nearest grid.
However, a comprehensive load flow and Electromagnetic Transient study is necessary

during DPR stage under peak demand load scenario and pumping power requirement during
lean hours encompassing the above substations and different Pumped storage

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schemes of Chhattisgarh and thereby setting up Substation & Transmission system

effectively. The power evacuation scheme shall be finalized at the DPR Stage.
1.11 Estimates of the Cost
The estimated project cost is ₹ 5110.07 Crores at Feb, 2023 price level. The preliminary
cost estimate of the project has been prepared as per guidelines of CEA / CWC. The
Abstract Summary of the cost estimates is given below
Item Estimated Cost (₹ Crores)

Civil Works 2942.20
Electro-mechanical Works 2167.87
Total 5110.07
1.12 Financial Aspects
The estimated cost of the project is ₹ 5110.07 Crores at Feb 2023 price level and will
provide annual energy generation of 2895.67 GWh. The project is proposed to be completed
in a period 5 years including 1-year pre construction period. The tariff has been worked out
considering a debt-equity ratio of 80:20, and interest rate of 9.26% on the loan component
for the financial analysis of the project. Based upon the parameters given above, the first
year and levelized tariff is indicated below.
1-Cycle Operation 1.5 Cycle Operation

Conversion Conversion
Off
cost of the cost of the
Peak
Sl. First Levelized project First Levelized project
Energy
No. Tariff Tariff (excluding Tariff Tariff (excluding
Rate
(₹/kWh) (₹/kWh) pumping (₹/kWh) (₹/kWh) pumping
(₹/kWh)
cost) cost)
(₹/kWh) (₹/kWh)
1. 1 5.57 5.17 3.91 4.18
2. 1.5 6.26 5.86 4.60 4.86
2.53
3. 2 6.95 6.55 3.80 5.29 5.55
4. 2.5 7.64 7.24 5.98 6.24
5. 3 8.33 7.93 6.67 6.93

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Feasibility Report
1.13 Conclusion & Recommendation
Feasibility Report (FR) is prepared based on the limited available data which was collected
and subsequently analysis and studies were carried out by WAPCOS. Dangari Pumped
Storage Hydro-electric Project involves minimum and simple civil works and could be
completed in 5 years including 1 years pre construction period. The project would afford an
annual design energy generation of 2895.67 GWh in 1 cycle operation and 4343.5GWh per
in 1.5 cycle operation. The cost per MW installed works out as approx. ₹ 3.65 crore / MW.
It may be pertinent to mention here that it is likely that the availability of more off peak power
will be available in the grid due to projected injection of solar, wind etc. In such scenario
more cycle operation in a day is possible, which will further reduce the tariff and enhance the
viability of the project.
 This report indicates that Dangari PSP scheme has merits from technical and financial
aspects. In view of above, Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project is
recommended for taking up detailed Investigation and preparation of Detailed Project
Report (DPR).

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Feasibility Report
1.14 Salient Features
1. LOCATION
Country India
State Chhattisgarh
District Jashpur
River Geor Nadi
Upper Reservoir N-23°10’56.40", E - 83°36’53.46”

Lower Reservoir N- 23˚11’10.12”, E- 83˚35’0.89”
Access to the Project
Road Upper Reservoir is 23 Km from SH-12 and Lower

Reservoir is 16 Km from SH-12
Airport Birsa Munda Airport, Ranchi: 250 km
Railhead (with unloading facilities) Ambikapur Railway Station: 74 km
Port Gopalpur Port: 650 Km
2. PROJECT
Type Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project
Installed Capacity 1400 MW
Peak Operating duration 5 Hrs 40 Min
Average Annual Rainfall 1300 mm
3.0 CIVIL STRUCTURE
3.1 UPPER RESERVOIR (Proposed)
Height of Bund 19 m
Length of Bund 3590 m
FRL EL. 1134.0 m
MDDL EL. 1121.0 m
Live storage (LSC) 8.77 MCM
Dead Storage (DSC) 0.82 MCM
3.2 LOWER RESERVOIR (Proposed)
Height of Bund 36 m
Length of Bund 737 m
FRL EL. 749.0 m
MDDL EL. 739.0 m
Live storage (LSC) 8.77 MCM
Dead Storage (DSC) 2.37 MCM

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Feasibility Report
3.3 HRT / Penstock(Steel Lined)
Diameter 11.4 m
Length 80 m
No. of Tunnel 2
3.4 Pressure Shaft (Steel Lined)
D x L x line 6.7 m x 772 m x 2 lines
After Bifurcation 4.8 m x 110m x 4 lines
3.5 Tailrace Tunnel (Concrete Lined)
Diameter 8.10 m
Length 1958
No. of Tunnel 2
3.6 Powerhouse
Type Underground,
Size 220m (L) x 23m (W) x 51.5m (H)
3.7 Main Access Tunnel (MAT)
Type D-shape
WXH 8.00 m x 8.00 m
4.0 Electromechanical Equipment
4.1 Pump Turbine
Type Vertical reversible Francis Turbine
Number of units 4
Max. Head as Turbine 385.00 m
Rated Turbine Head 374.00 m
Min. Head as Turbine 362.00 m
Turbine Output at Rated Head 355.33 MW
Turbine Output at 10% overhead
385.00 MW
operation
Max. Head as Pump 402.00 m
Rated Pump Head 391.00 m
Min. Head as Pump 379.00 m
Max. discharge of unit Turbine at
106.66 Cumec
rated Turbine head
Rated Speed 300 rpm
4.2 Generator-Motor

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Feasibility Report
Type 3 Phase AC Synchronous Generator motor of rotating
field, vertical shaft type.
Number of units 4
Rated Capacity 350 MW
Rated terminal voltage between
21 kV ± 10%
phases
Range of Frequency 50 Hz ± 3%
Rated Speed 300 rpm
Over Load Capacity (10%) 385 MW
5.0 Project Cost
Item Estimated Cost (₹. crores)
Civil Works ₹ 2942.20
Electro-mechanical Works ₹ 2167.87
IDC ₹ 908.56
Total (incl. IDC) ₹ 6018.63
6.0 Project Benefit’s

Off conversio conversio
Peak n cost of n cost of
Sl. First
Energy Levelized the project Levelized the project
No First Tariff Tariff
Rate Tariff (excluding Tariff (excluding
(₹/kWh) (₹/kW
(₹/kWh (₹/kWh) pumping (₹/kWh) pumping
h)
cost) cost)
(₹/kWh) (₹/kWh)
3.91
1. 1 5.57 5.17 4.18
4.60
2. 1.5 6.26 5.86 4.86
5.29 2.53
3. 2 6.95 6.55 3.80 5.55
5.98
4. 2.5 7.64 7.24 6.24
6.67
5. 3 8.33 7.93 6.93

CHAPTER-2
JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
FROM POWER ANGLE
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Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1

2.2 Power Sector in All India/ Western Region/ Chhattisgarh ........................................... 1
2.2.1 Pump Storage contribution in stabilizing the Transmission Grid ................................. 7
2.2.2 Generation Addition up to 2021-22 ............................................................................. 8
2.3 Available Generation Capacity in Chhattisgarh ......................................................... 16
2.3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 16
2.3.2 Generation System ................................................................................................... 17
2.4 Likely addition to Generation Capacity in Future....................................................... 17
2.5 Pumped Storage Plants............................................................................................ 20
2.5.1 General .................................................................................................................... 20
2.5.2 Status of Development of Pumped Storage Plants in India ....................................... 21
2.5.3 Economics of Pumped Storage Projects................................................................... 23
2.5.4 Importance of Pumped Storage Hydro Projects in Present Scenario ........................ 25
2.5.5 Issues and Way Forward for Pumped Storage Hydro Projects ................................. 26
2.5.6 Regulatory Issues and Challenges ........................................................................... 26
2.5.7 Variability & Uncertainty of RES ............................................................................... 27
2.6 Necessity and Justification of the Project.................................................................. 27
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List of Tables
Table 2.2. 1 The total installed capacity of India is 412212.14 MW as on 28.02.2023 in which
contribution of Renewable is 168963.23 MW. ....................................................................... 3
Table 2.2. 2 Installed Capacity of Power Utilities in the States/UTs of Western Region......... 4
Table 2.2. 3 Capacity addition from Renewable Energy Sources during 2017-22 as on
31.03.2022 ............................................................................................................................ 4
Table 2.2. 4 Region wise Electricity Energy requirement & Peak Electricity Demand ............ 6
Table 2.2. 5 State wise electrical energy consumption (in MU) in Western Region ............... 6
Table 2.2. 6 State wise electrical Peak electricity demand (in MW) in Western Region ......... 6
Table 2.3.2. 1 Installed capacity of Chhattisgarh as on 30.06.2022 ..................................... 17
Table 2.4. 1 Proposed Thermal Project Proposed Installed Capacity (in MW) ..................... 17
Table 2.4. 2 Proposed Hydropower Project Proposed Installed Capacity (in MW)............... 18
Table 2.4. 3 All India Peak Demand & Energy Requirement ............................................... 18
Table 2.4. 4 Region wise details of Additional Capacity addition required during 2022-27 .. 19
Table 2.4. 5 Summary of the status of Hydro Electric Potential (as on 31.03.2022) ............ 22
List of Figures
Figure 2.2. 1 Installed Capacity and Electricity Generation in India ....................................... 2

Figure 2.2. 2 The growth of Installed Capacity and Electricity Generation in India from
various sources. .................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 2.2. 3 All India Re- Installed Capacity as on 31.03.2022 ............................................ 3
Figure 2.2. 4 Capacity Addition from RE Sources during 2017-22 ......................................... 5
Figure 2.2.1. 1 Voltage Profile of 400 KV S/S in June 2022 in Khedamara & Raita .............. 7
Figure 2.2.1. 2 Voltage profile of 400kV S/S in June 2022 in Korba West & Marwa .............. 7
Figure 2.2.1. 3 Voltage profile of 400kV S/S in June 2022 in Jagdalpur & Kurud................... 8
Figure 2.4. 1 Mapping of daily hours to LT blocks (50 blocks/year theme) .......................... 19
Figure 2.4. 2 Technology wise Likely Generation Dispatch on Peak Demand Day (2026-27)
........................................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter – 2: Justification of the Project from Power Angle Page ii

Dangari Pumped Hydro Electric Storage Project,
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Feasibility Report
CHAPTER – 2
JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT FROM POWER ANGLE
2.1 Introduction
Power infrastructure is one of the most critical components for prosperity and economic
growth of country & Electricity is an essential component of infrastructure development of
the country as it affects a country’s economic growth and welfare. The development of
requisite power infrastructure is key for sustained growth of Indian economy. With the
increase in economic activity, the demand for power is also increasing. India’s Electricity
sector is one of the most diversified in the world. The sources of power generation in India
range from conventional sources such as coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, hydro and nuclear
power to renewable sources such as wind, solar, and bio-mass, Municipal solid waste
(MSW), etc. India has witnessed electricity demand increase of around 4.1 % during the last
decade and it is projected that the increase in electricity demand is likely to be 6 % per year
for next decade. To meet the ever-increasing electricity demand, power sector in India has
grown considerably. The enactment of Electricity Act, 2003, has brought in revolutionary
changes in almost all the areas of the sector. Through this Act a conducive environment has
been created to promote private sector participation and competition in the sector by
providing a level playing field. This has led to significant investment in generation,
transmission and distribution areas.
The peak power deficit during 2021-22 has been 1.2 % and Energy Deficit has been 0.4 %
only. This marginal shortage seen is on account of reasons other than unavailability of
Generation Capacity.
The contribution of RE sources (including Large Hydro) to the installed capacity has
increased from 5.8% in 2006–07 to 39 % in 2021-22 till 31.03.2022 and its energy
contribution in the total generation has increased to 21.54 % in 2021-22 from 1.5 % in 2006-
07.
2.2 Power Sector in All India/ Western Region/ Chhattisgarh
The Installed Capacity of the country as on 31.03.2022 was 399496.61 MW comprising of

236108.72 MW thermal, 6,780 MW Nuclear and 156607.90 MW renewables.
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Figure 2.2. 1 Installed Capacity and Electricity Generation in India
Figure 2.2. 2 The growth of Installed Capacity and Electricity Generation in

India from various sources.
The country has significant potential of generation from renewable energy sources. All
efforts are being made by Government of India to harness this potential. The Installed
capacity as on 31st March, 2022 from renewable energy sources is 156607.90 MW. The
total renewable installed capacity comprises of 46722.52 MW of Large Hydro, 40357.58MW

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of wind, 53996.54 MW of solar, 10682.36 MW of bio-Power & waste power and 4848.9MW
of small hydro plants.
Figure 2.2. 3 All India Re- Installed Capacity as on 31.03.2022
Table 2.2. 1 The total installed capacity of India is 412212.14 MW as on 28.02.2023 in

which contribution of Renewable is 168963.23 MW.

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Feasibility Report
In western region, the total installed capacity is of 134278.82 MW consisting of 86779.58

MW of thermal, 1840 MW of nuclear and 45659.24 MW of renewable as on 28.02.2023.
Table 2.2. 2 Installed Capacity of Power Utilities in the States/UTs of Western Region
As on 31.03.2022, a capacity addition of 54,779.15 MW from renewable energy sources

including large hydro has been achieved during the period 2017-2022.The details of
capacity added source wise during 2017-22 is given in Table 2.2.3
Table 2.2. 3 Capacity addition from Renewable Energy Sources during 2017-22 as on
31.03.2022
Source Capacity
Large Hydro (including PSP) 2138
Solar 41707.72

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Wind 8077.81
Biomass & Waste to Energy 2386.58
Small Hydro 469.04
Total 54779.15
Figure 2.2. 4 Capacity Addition from RE Sources during 2017-22
Source: Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
During period, 2017-22 capacity totaling to 2138 MW from Large Hydro sources has been
achieved as on 31.03.2022 comprising of 1100MW of Central Sector, 341 MW of State
Sector and 697 MW of Private Sector. This also includes projects totaling to 100 MW which
were at various stages of construction and originally not scheduled for the period 2017-22
but have also been commissioned.
The projected region wise electrical energy and peak demand figures have been arrived at
based on the present ratios of actual region wise demand over all India demand.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table 2.2. 4 Region wise Electricity Energy requirement & Peak Electricity Demand
The electrical energy requirement and peak electricity demand on all-India basis has been
projected at 1874 BU and 272 GW in 2026-27 & 2538 BU and 363 GW in 2031-32
respectively.
Table 2.2. 5 State wise electrical energy consumption (in MU) in Western Region
Source: CEA
Table 2.2. 6 State wise electrical Peak electricity demand (in MW) in Western Region
Source: CEA

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
2.2.1 Pump Storage contribution in stabilizing the Transmission Grid
As of the data taken from the Chhattisgarh State Load Dispatch Centre, the voltage profile
as per last provided report for the month of June 2022. The voltage profile for main 400kV
substations are provided.
Figure 2.2.1. 1 Voltage Profile of 400 KV S/S in June 2022 in Khedamara & Raita
Figure 2.2.1. 2 Voltage profile of 400kV S/S in June 2022 in Korba West & Marwa

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Figure 2.2.1. 3 Voltage profile of 400kV S/S in June 2022 in Jagdalpur & Kurud
As per the voltage profile, there are violation of voltage regulation of +/-5% in all substation.
In this regards, pumped storage Resource are availability of spinning reserve at almost no
cost to the system and regulating grid frequency to meet sudden load changes in the
network. With advancement of technology, pump storage plant now have variable speed
pumped turbine which can quickly shift from motor, to generator, to synchronous condenser
modes, for easier and more flexible operation of the Grid.
2.2.2 Generation Addition up to 2021-22
In the absence of the generation addition program for 13th Plan period, an estimate was
made considering the ongoing and likely capacity addition for the conventional generation
projects. For the renewable generation projects, we do not have data corresponding to the
175 GW RES target, as such the modeling and analysis was carried out with only the known
RE generation projects. Accordingly, following Exiting, Under-construction/Planned and
Total generation capacity (Conventional) was assumed for these studies.
 During the period 2017-22, the capacity addition achieved from conventional sources is
30,667.91 MW.

Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro Electric Project,
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table 2.2.2.1: All India State/UT Wise Electrical Energy Requirement –Ex Bus in MU
(2021-22 to 2031-32)
State/ UT 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32
Chandigarh 1606 1737 1783 1827 1869 1911 1953 1997 2047 2107 2157
Delhi 31527 35715 37346 39000 40771 42566 44448 46425 48641 50702 52792
Haryana 55535 62706 66926 71821 77217 82981 89050 95486 103176 108782 114636
Himachal Pradesh 12115 12614 13172 13829 14522 15238 15979 16730 17628 18222 18807
J&K 19324 19568 20811 21382 21800 22507 23700 24912 26132 27239 28294
Ladakh 190 210 233 259 288 321 357 398 443 494 551
Punjab 62851 66464 69686 73493 77571 81959 86536 91359 97237 101061 104928
Rajasthan 89918 101757 112368 119167 126118 133550 141260 149303 158836 165398 171883
Uttar Pradesh 129580 151152 159775 169529 179967 191138 202920 215392 229712 241780 253974
Uttarakhand 15541 16301 17138 18087 19093 20142 21238 22374 23702 24622 25524
Northern Region 418188 468224 499239 528394 559218 592312 627443 664377 707554 740406 773545
Chhattisgarh 31948 36260 38528 41223 44130 47208 50475 53900 57983 60649 63436
Dadar Nagar Haveli 6848 7794 8165 8605 9072 9559 10070 10594 11225 11575 11919
Daman & Diu 2615 2840 2970 3121 3277 3437 3622 3815 4042 4198 4355
Goa 4456 4630 4820 5038 5270 5512 5765 6032 6350 6597 6847
Gujarat 123788 139566 148082 158654 170323 182507 195467 209008 226141 234597 242993
Madhya Pradesh 86521 98863 104600 111424 118751 128844 137111 145662 155770 162540 168854
Maharashtra 172818 183777 191499 200087 209593 219726 229362 239207 251578 258529 264793
Western Region 428994 473729 498665 528152 560416 596793 631873 668218 713089 738686 763198
Andhra Pradesh 68438 72961 78134 84245 90889 98162 105792 113859 123361 130196 137022
Karnataka 72799 75202 77876 80922 84132 88232 91852 95486 99758 102973 105970

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Kerala 26626 27892 29244 30729 32281 33903 35597 37384 39464 41220 42885
Lakshadweep 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 71 73 75 77
Puducherry 2907 3048 3136 3234 3332 3436 3539 3647 3776 3870 3947
Tamil Nadu 109914 115788 122102 129079 136399 144086 152074 160430 170006 178103 186106
Telangana 70871 73229 77503 82316 87414 92967 98578 104383 110971 115862 120549
Southern Region 351611 368179 388055 410587 434511 460853 487501 515259 547409 572299 596557
A&N 338 345 350 357 363 368 373 378 383 389 394
Bihar 36239 41814 45560 49438 53920 58256 62871 67715 73241 78155 82876
DVC 16630 17624 18757 20100 21550 23087 24721 26437 28482 29825 31211
Jharkhand 18355 19334 20677 22112 23846 25463 27140 28873 31096 32484 33799
Odisha 38344 43060 43582 44985 46689 48627 50810 53180 56316 57891 59286
Sikkim 616 651 689 730 773 819 867 919 974 1032 1093
West Bengal 54020 60163 63564 67518 71820 76352 81182 86018 91771 95599 99443
Eastern Region 164542 182992 193179 205240 218961 232971 247963 263519 282264 295375 308103
AP 875 916 964 1012 1064 1117 1170 1227 1289 1347 1397
Assam 10869 11972 12679 13454 14279 15151 16079 17069 18183 19230 20285
Manipur 1029 1089 1152 1218 1289 1363 1441 1522 1610 1703 1794
Meghalaya 2264 2350 2437 2527 2618 2711 2805 2898 2993 3067 3134
Mizoram 823 897 978 1063 1156 1252 1357 1464 1577 1691 1816
Nagaland 867 909 953 997 1041 1088 1134 1182 1228 1272 1299
Tripura 1585 1663 1913 1991 2073 2222 2306 2391 2481 2570 2648
North Eastern 18312 19796 21076 22261 23521 24904 26292 27752 29359 30880 32373
Region
All India 1381646 1512918 1600214 1694634 1796627 1907835 2021072 2139125 2279676 2377646 2473776
Source: 20th EPS, CEA

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table 2.2.2.2: All India State/UT Wise Peak Electricity Demand – Ex Bus in MW
(2021-22 to 2031-32)
State/UT 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32
Chandigarh 428 435 449 464 478 492 505 519 533 549 563
Delhi 7329 7770 8164 8571 9003 9460 9948 10469 11046 11615 12222
Haryana 12137 12788 13546 14411 15335 16337 17380 18478 19744 20648 21644
J&K 3000 3075 3273 3369 3443 3566 3772 3993 4211 4427 4633
Ladakh 61 65 70 74 79 85 91 97 104 112 120
Punjab 13558 14327 14859 15502 16189 16925 17684 18478 19466 20028 20587
Rajasthan 15803 16291 17906 18959 20030 21175 22358 23590 25048 26048 27032
Uttar Pradesh 24991 26028 27531 29235 31061 33017 35082 37270 39781 41910 44066
Uttarakhand 2474 2603 2742 2905 3072 3249 3433 3623 3847 4004 4159
Northern Region 73367 77767 82688 87457 92476 97898 103650 109714 116745 122134 127553
Chhattisgarh 5029 5358 5708 6132 6592 7081 7602 8152 8805 9248 9713
Daman & Diu 373 405 424 447 470 493 521 549 583 607 631
Goa 703 740 778 818 859 901 945 989 1043 1086 1128
Gujarat 19457 21550 22762 24291 25953 27710 29573 31515 33964 35137 36287
Madhya Pradesh 15941 17009 17874 18914 20024 21592 22826 24091 25596 26534 27386
Maharashtra 28083 30203 31495 32999 34567 36376 38105 39891 42042 43373 44622
Western Region 65437 70963 74704 79137 83986 89457 94748 100246 107050 110981 114766
Andhra Pradesh 12563 13363 14269 15337 16495 17758 19076 20461 22091 23243 24387

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Karnataka 14841 15075 15636 16277 16947 17810 18578 19352 20254 20954 21613
Kerala 4390 4592 4808 5044 5291 5549 5818 6101 6431 6707 6967
Lakshadweep 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 15
Puducherry 473 502 517 533 549 567 584 602 624 639 652
Tamil Nadu 16899 17361 18336 19413 20545 21736 22976 24276 25764 27033 28291
Telangana 14176 14663 15704 16877 18138 19529 20968 22488 24215 25639 27059
Southern Region 61165 63424 67143 71362 75861 80864 85953 91285 97440 102379 107259
A&N 60 61 63 64 66 67 69 70 72 73 75
Bihar 6923 7495 8184 8908 9743 10553 11416 12326 13360 14276 15159
DVC 3081 3248 3450 3689 3947 4220 4510 4814 5176 5409 5649
Jharkhand 2835 2994 3163 3362 3576 3808 4048 4297 4597 4800 4997
Odisha 5645 6490 6635 6918 7252 7630 8053 8514 9107 9456 9782
Sikkim 134 141 150 159 169 179 190 201 214 227 241
West Bengal 9090 10150 10726 11395 12123 12891 13708 14530 15507 16164 16824
Eastern Region 26043 28737 30479 32544 34857 37265 39847 42546 45752 48106 50420
AP 170 180 190 201 211 223 234 246 259 271 282
Assam 2138 2376 2526 2689 2861 3045 3240 3449 3683 3905 4128
Manipur 260 276 291 308 325 344 363 383 404 426 448
Meghalaya 408 424 441 457 474 492 510 528 546 561 575
Mizoram 157 170 184 199 215 231 249 268 289 309 331
Nagaland 155 163 171 179 187 195 204 213 221 230 235
Tripura 329 356 421 452 484 531 567 605 645 687 731
North Eastern Region 3437 3755 4029 4284 4556 4855 5159 5481 5835 6176 6519
All India 203115 216966 230144 244565 260118 277201 294716 313098 334811 350670 366393

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table 2.2.2.3: All India State/UT Wise Electrical Energy Consumption in MU (2021-22 to 2031-32)
State/ UT 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26 2026-27 2027-28 2028-29 2029-30 2030-31 2031-32
Chandigarh 1415 1532 1575 1616 1657 1697 1737 1780 1828 1885 1934
Delhi 28472 32263 33758 35277 36910 38563 40302 42129 44181 46095 48040
Haryana 45210 51248 54945 59223 63971 69052 74438 80183 87047 92203 97617
J&K 10018 10669 12954 14505 16183 17585 18710 19860 21020 22096 23110
Ladakh 158 178 200 225 254 286 321 361 406 456 513
Punjab 52080 55190 58000 61323 64901 68770 72833 77138 82376 85912 89520
Rajasthan 71097 81114 90258 96437 102809 109652 116806 124318 133164 139590 146012
Uttar Pradesh 100511 118447 126365 135299 144909 155239 166202 177867 191210 202792 214598
Uttarakhand 13228 13903 14648 15495 16395 17339 18330 19361 20567 21424 22273
Northern Region 332563 375354 404003 431277 460476 491306 523460 557450 597054 628255 659956
Chhattisgarh 26281 29964 31985 34383 36982 39750 42705 45822 49531 52058 54712
Daman & Diu 2423 2631 2752 2891 3036 3184 3355 3534 3745 3889 4034
Goa 3733 3886 4053 4244 4449 4664 4889 5128 5412 5637 5867

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Gujarat 106030 119759 127240 136487 146730 157432 168851 180823 195946 203702 211454
Madhya Pradesh 65659 75617 80690 86686 93168 101952 109387 117151 126284 132807 139026
Maharashtra 144417 153903 160888 168594 177214 186319 195081 204087 215376 222080 228230
Western Region 354923 393021 415215 441303 470031 502208 533651 566416 606752 630958 654429
Andhra Pradesh 60495 64523 69133 74583 80515 87016 93847 101081 109604 115785 121978
Karnataka 62575 64772 67224 70017 72975 76726 80085 83482 87467 90548 93460
Kerala 23061 24255 25534 26940 28418 29968 31596 33317 35314 37034 38683
Lakshadweep 51 52 54 56 58 60 62 65 67 69 71
Puducherry 2530 2658 2740 2832 2924 3022 3120 3224 3345 3438 3514
Tamil Nadu 92625 97905 103612 109939 116621 123683 131072 138850 147762 155466 163156
Telangana 62680 64806 68640 72966 77561 82578 87665 92946 98949 103459 107809
Southern Region 304017 318971 336938 357333 379071 403054 427448 452965 482509 505798 528672
A&N 267 276 284 292 300 308 315 322 330 338 345
Bihar 27026 31440 34658 37982 41892 45659 49703 53983 58917 63368 67699
DVC 16132 17096 18196 19498 20904 22395 23981 25646 27629 28932 30277
Jharkhand 14361 15259 16512 17842 19472 20984 22571 24224 26346 27732 29068
Odisha 31619 35745 36453 37668 39171 40907 42888 45065 47928 49504 50952
Sikkim 441 476 512 552 594 639 687 738 792 850 911
West Bengal 43061 48235 51299 54844 58723 62838 67251 71697 76960 80657 84410

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Eastern Region 132907 148527 157913 168678 181057 193731 207397 221674 238902 251380 263662
AP 470 508 550 595 644 694 746 802 863 923 978
Assam 8777 9699 10316 10994 11721 12493 13320 14206 15204 16157 17127
Manipur 732 784 839 897 961 1027 1098 1172 1253 1339 1425
Meghalaya 1654 1732 1813 1897 1984 2074 2166 2259 2355 2437 2514
Mizoram 661 726 798 875 958 1046 1142 1241 1347 1455 1573
Nagaland 655 689 725 761 799 839 878 920 961 1001 1027
Tripura 1051 1118 1305 1377 1455 1581 1665 1750 1841 1933 2018
North Eastern 13999 15256 16346 17397 18521 19754 21015 22351 23823 25244 26662
Region
All India 1138408 1251129 1330415 1415987 1509157 1610053 1712971 1820855 1949040 2041635 2133380

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
2.3 Available Generation Capacity in Chhattisgarh
2.3.1 Introduction
Power sector is a critical infrastructure element for growth of an economy. The availability of
reliable, quality and affordable power is vital for rapid growth in agriculture, industry and for
overall economic development of a State. An efficient, resilient and financially healthy power
sector is an essential requirement for growth of a State and economic empowerment of the
common man.
The Chhattisgarh State was formed as per the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act 2000.
The President of India gave his consent to this Act on the 25th August 2000. The
Government of India subsequently set the first day of November 2000 as the day on which
the State of Madhya Pradesh would be bifurcated into State of Chhattisgarh and State of
Madhya Pradesh. Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board was formed in accordance with the
Section 5 of the Electricity Supply Act 1948 as per the Notification published in the gazette
of the Government of Chhattisgarh dated 15th November 2000. Chhattisgarh State
Electricity Board (CSEB) became functional w.e.f. 01.12.2000.
Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board has been reorganized into following five companies in
accordance with the provisions contained in the Section 131-134 of Electricity Act 2003 by
the Govt. of Chhattisgarh vide Notification dated 19.12.2008.
1. Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited.

2. Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Limited.
3. Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Limited.
4. Chhattisgarh State Power Holding Company Limited
5. Chhattisgarh State Power Trading Company Limited
In pursuance to the notification No. 1686/F-21/13/2009/13/2 dtd. 08.06.2022 issued by the

Energy Department Government of Chhattisgarh and Subsequent filing did 06.07.2022 with
Registrar of Companies, as per the provisions of the Companies Act. 2013. Chhattisgarh
State Power Holding Company Limited and Chhattisgarh State Power Trading Company
Limited has been dissolved and merged into Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission
Company Limited and Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Limited respectively.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board has been now reorganized into following three
companies as per Govt. of Chhattisgarh:
1. Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited.

2. Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Limited.
3. Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Limited.
The Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited became functional w.e.f.
01.01.2009.
The mission CSPGCL to generate adequate and reliable power through most economical,
most efficient & eco-friendly manner and to make Chhattisgarh State 'Power Hub of India'.
2.3.2 Generation System
To satisfy the energy needs of the State, Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company
Limited (CSPGCL) has a total installed capacity of 2978.7 MW from Thermal & Hydel power.
Table 2.3.2.1 Installed capacity in MW of CSPGCL as on 30.06.2022
Ownership Thermal Hydel Solar Biomass/other Total
State 2840 138.70 - - 2978.7

Central Allocation 2006.29 100 - - 2106.29
(WR+ER+NR)
Total 4846.29 238.70 - - 5084.99
Source: CSPGCL
2.4 Likely addition to Generation Capacity in Future
To meet the ever-increasing energy demand in the coming years, CSPGCL has proposed
new generation for the upcoming years. CSPGCL has exploited the hydroelectric potential
available in the state. However, to balance the excess power available during off peak hours
and to tide over the peak hour shortage, Bodhghat HPP (500 MW) scheme in Dantewada
has been proposed.
Table 2.4.1 Proposed Thermal Project Proposed Installed Capacity (in MW)
Proposed Installed
S.N. Proposed Thermal Project District
Capacity (in MW)
1 HTPS Korba West (2x660 = 1320 MW) Korba

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table 2.4.2 Proposed Hydropower Project Proposed Installed Capacity (in MW)
S.N. Proposed Hydropower Proposed Installed District

Project Capacity (in MW)
1 Bodhghat HPP (4X125 = 500 MW) Dantewada
2 Kotri HPP (3x50=150 MW) Bastar
3 Nugur-1 HPP (5x34=170 MW) Dantewada
4 Nugur-II HPP (5x42=210 MW) Dantewada
5 Rehar-1 HPP (3x57=171 MW) Surguja
6 Rehar-II HPP (3x49=147 MW) Surguja
The estimated peak demand (MW) and Energy requirement (BU) in the years 2026-27 and
2031-32 for all the five regions and All India.
Table 2.4. 3 All India Peak Demand & Energy Requirement
To meet the projected peak demand, the integrated renewable sources are more preferable
(Such as Pump storage project with solar/ wind project). Hourly chart will best enstrate the
requirement meet.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Figure 2.4. 1 Mapping of daily hours to LT blocks (50 blocks/year theme)
As per 20th National Electricity Plan, regional-wise additional capacity required during -2022-
2027 and 2027-2032, The total additional capacity is of 21218 MW for the western region
out of this 960 MW is from Pump storage project.
Table 2.4. 4 Region wise details of Additional Capacity addition required during 2022-27
To ensure the peak demand of the projected load in a day, it is required to have adequate
supply to meet the hourly peak demand and to meet this requirement renewable will play a
critical role as illustrated by data.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Figure 2.4. 2 Technology wise Likely Generation Dispatch on Peak Demand Day
(2026-27)
By the above figure, it has been clear in day time, the requirement of peak load will be
fulfilled by solar/wind and in non-solar period, the peak demand requirement will be fulfilled
by PSP. It has been observed that on this day when the peak demand occurs, the electricity
peak and energy demand is likely to be fully met with the generation capacity mix obtained
from the long-term studies. Further, it is seen that online coal capacity is running at 55%
minimum technical load (MTL) during the hours when full solar generation is available. The
Storage is getting charged during the period when excess solar generation is available and
dispatched during non-solar hours.
Demand and Supply Scenario in All India/ Western Region/ Chhattisgarh
The energy requirement of Chhattisgarh during FY 2021-22 was 428994 MU and in the FY
2031-32 it would be 763198 MU as per projection made in the 20th EPS of India due to
rapid increase in power demand for all types of present and future customers (Domestic,
Commercial, Irrigation, Industries, Railway traction and others).
2.5 Pumped Storage Plants
2.5.1 General
While many forms of energy storage systems have been installed globally, Pumped Storage
Plants (PSP) are playing an increasingly important role in providing peaking power and

(4 x 350 MW)
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maintaining system stability in the power system of many countries. Pumped storage
technology is the long term technically proven, cost effective, highly efficient and
operationally flexible way of energy storage on a large scale to store intermittent and variant
energy generated by solar and wind.
PSPs improve overall economy of power system operation and reduce operational problems
of thermal stations during low load period. The other advantages of pumped storage
technology are availability of spinning reserve at almost no cost to the system and regulating
frequency to meet sudden load changes in the network. Also, PSPs provide environmentally
friendly large storage capacity compared to other storage options. It also has the ability to
provide ancillary benefits such as flexible capacity, voltage support and Black start facility
etc. The life of pumped storage projects is same as hydro projects i.e., 40 years. The
Efficiency of PSP is in the range of 70 % to 80 %, due to the losses in the process of
pumping water up into the reservoirs. Pumped storage technology has advanced
significantly since its original introduction and now includes adjustable speed pumped
turbines which can quickly shift from motor, to generator, to synchronous condenser modes,
for easier and more flexible operation of the Grid.
PSPs have the ability to provide ancillary benefits such as flexible capacity, voltage support
and Black-start facility etc. Pumped storage technology has advanced significantly since its
original introduction and now includes adjustable speed pumped turbines which can pump
water at different speed with different load.
A relatively new approach for developing pumped storage projects is to locate the
reservoirs in areas that are physically separated from the existing river systems. These
projects are termed as “closed-loop” pumped storage because they have minimal to no
impact on the existing river systems. After the initial filling of the reservoirs, the only
additional water requirement is the make-up water required to offset evaporation or seepage
losses. By avoiding the existing complex aquatic systems entirely, these types of projects
can greatly reduce the most significant aquatic impacts associated with project
development.
2.5.2 Status of Development of Pumped Storage Plants in India
The power system operation stability requires the system to minimize fluctuations between
demand and supply. This encompasses, for example, short term reserves (generation,
storage, demand response) to cover potential incidents which decrease power supply to the
system, or to respond to short-term variations in demand and generation.

(4 x 350 MW)
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As on 31th March 2022, Hydro Electric Schemes (above 25 MW capacity) have a total
installed capacity of 46,722.52 MW including Pumped storage schemes (PSS) capacity of
4,745.6 MW.
Table 2.4. 5 Summary of the status of Hydro Electric Potential (as on 31.03.2022)
In India, the state of West Bengal has been a frontrunner in the promotion of pure pumped
storage technology. Purulia project in West Bengal with a capacity of 900 MW, set up in
2007, is running successfully. As on 31.03.2022 there are 8 number of PSP projects in the
country totaling to 4746 MW, out of which projects with a capacity of 3306 MW are working
in the pumped mode currently. Balance capacity is currently not operating in pumped mode
due to delay in construction of the tail reservoir or due to vibration related issues in the
system.
Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has identified a PSP potential of 96,529.6 MW in

different parts of the country. Region-wise, the western region has the highest PSP
potential at 37,845 MW due to the topographical features.
The following PSP projects are under construction (as on 31.03.2022):
 Tehri Stage II - 1,000 MW located in Uttarakhand implemented by THDC limited.
 Koyna Left Bank - 80 MW in Maharashtra being implemented by the Water Resources

Department of Maharashtra; and

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 Kundah Pumped Storage Project Stages I, II, III and IV (500 MW) in Tamil Nadu being
implemented by TANGEDCO.
2.5.3 Economics of Pumped Storage Projects
Out of 96,529.6 MW of pumped storage potential identified in India by CEA at 63 sites and
at present 8 nos. pumped storage schemes with aggregate installed capacity of 4745.6 MW
are in operation. A PSP operation of a typical day is shown in Fig. 2.5.3.1 & 2.5.3.2.
Table 2.5.3. 1 Plot of Kadamparai Generation/Pumping with Frequency for 17th

May’2016
Source: CEA
Table 2.5.3. 2 Plot of Purulia PSP Generation/Pumping with Frequency for 3rd
October’2015
Source: CEA

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
In view of infusion of high RES, Pump Storage Development has to be treated as a separate
category. Separate Policy instrument is required to incentivize PSPs. The pumped storage
capacity was assessed by CEA in 1987, since then there have been many changes in
environment laws & technology which calls for re-assessment of the potential.
In India, with increased penetration of RES in the grid, present practice of real time
unbalance management may not be sufficient for handling large scale uncertainty in RES
and limit the integration of renewable energy generation. The transmission corridors for
evacuation of renewable power is being firmed up or the plan of having 175 GW of RE
power in next 5 years, it is imperative to develop more PSPs and the benefits being given to
RE projects may also be extended to the PSPs.
The development of pumped storage particularly in the areas with concentrated wind and
solar generation would significantly improve the grid reliability and it would act as the best
partner for the Renewable Energy integration.
While benefits of having pumped storage hydro power are known but current market
structures and regulatory frameworks do not present an effective means of achieving this
goal. There is need for regulatory mechanism/market incentives for effective integration of
new generation, energy storage and transmission or that makes the PSP a commercially
viable proposition. Regulatory Commissions may incentivize tariff for PSPs and financial
institutions should consider providing attractive terms for financing of PSPs.
In Order to promote commissioning and optimum utilization of Storage projects, Central

Government in compliance with the para 6.4(6) of tariff policy has issued Inter State
Transmission system (ISTS) waiver charges for PSP and BESS projects. As per MoP order
no. 23/12/2016-R&R (Annexure – III) issued on 23.11.2021, Inter State transmission system
charges (excluding losses) were waived for transmission of electricity supplied by Hydro
PSP and BESS projects commissioned till 30.06.2025, if the following conditions are met:
 At least 51% of the annual electricity generation requirement of pumping of water of

the PSP plant is met by use of solar and wind-based generation.
 At least 51% of the annual electricity generation requirement of charging of the

BESS system is met by use of solar and wind-based generation.

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2.5.4 Importance of Pumped Storage Hydro Projects in Present Scenario
The current development profile and trends in generation capacity addition in India have
resulted in the following aspects:
 Black start capability - the ability to start generation without any external source of
power. This service allows system operators to provide auxiliary power to more
complex generation sources that could take long time to restart. Systems with
hydroelectric generation are able to restore service more rapidly than those
dependent solely on thermal generation.
 Regulation and frequency response - the ability to meet small fluctuations in

power system. When a system is unable to respond properly to load changes its
frequency changes, resulting not just in a loss of power, but potential damage to
electrical equipment connected to the system. Hydropower's fast response
characteristic makes it especially valuable in load-frequency control.
 Spinning reserve - the ability to run at zero load while synchronized to the electric
system. When loads increase, additional power can be loaded rapidly into the
system to meet demand. Hydropower can provide this service while not consuming
additional fuel, thereby assuring minimal emissions.
 Non-spinning reserve - the ability to enter generation into an electrical system from
a source not on line. While other energy sources can also provide non-spinning
reserve, hydropower's quick start capability is unparalleled, taking just a few minutes,
compared with other sources.
 Voltage support - the ability to control reactive power to maintain stable voltage
profiles in transmission network, thereby assuring that power flows from generation
to load.
 Sustainable low carbon development: While India is considering a low carbon

strategy and actively considering focusing on Energy Efficient Renovation &
Modernization to utilize existing assets, the low carbon strategy can be fostered
further with a higher thrust on green capacity additions via hydropower development.
These factors necessitate renewed emphasis on ‘responsible hydropower
development’ to promote economic growth. Hydro’s critical role in sustainable
development and energy security for the country is based on the elements of
sustainability, availability and affordability.

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2.5.5 Issues and Way Forward for Pumped Storage Hydro Projects
 Since Pumped storage schemes use energy for pumping operation, commercial
justification of peak energy produced from these plants pose problem. It is therefore
desirable that separate regulation for peak energy may be envisaged.
 Regulatory treatment to Pump Storage schemes and market design is very critical for
commercial viability of these plants as pricing rules should fully capture benefits of PSP
and reward such assets for the full range of services provided by them to the Power
system.
 Water and Water Power is state subject. State Governments should be encouraged to
allocate the identified pumped storage schemes to prospective developers for
implementation.
 Some of the identified schemes, particularly, in Western Region are located in areas
which have been declared as Wild Life Sanctuaries. The State/Central Governments are
required to take necessary action to de-notify the areas required for development of
pumped storage schemes involving Wild Life Sanctuaries.
 In case, it is possible to locate a pumped storage scheme where upper/lower reservoir is

already existing/under construction, it would be more cost effective and easily
implementable.
(Ref: - CERC)
2.5.6 Regulatory Issues and Challenges
 Grid Stabilization and security - Large Capacity addition Renewable Generation and
dealing with its variability
 Technical Mechanism - Backing down of renewable and need for flexible operation of
conventional generation
 Difficult sites and long gestation period
 High Capital cost of storage based Pumped Storage Plants and resultant high tariffs
 Poor Financial health of State Discoms
 Lack of Market Mechanism
 Lack of Ancillary Services
 Competition from other conventional sources
(Ref: - CERC)

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2.5.7 Variability & Uncertainty of RES
 Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as wind and solar power are variable and
uncertain in nature.
 They are not able to generate electricity on demand and their power output fluctuate
with weather conditions (such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, rain, cloud
cover and humidity)
2.6 Necessity and Justification of the Project
It is observed that expansion of estimated power requirement during the period of 13th five
years plan (1st April 2017 to 31stMarch 2022) and estimated power requirement in 2030,
CSPGCL can take part in this integration of power generation of the country.
As per the 20th Electric Power Survey of India (CEA), Electrical Energy Requirement of
Western Zone for the period 2021-22 is estimated to be 428994 MU and for the period
2031-32 is estimated to be 763198 MU, Peak Electricity Demand at power station Bus bars
65437 MW for the period 2021-22 and 114766 MW and for the period 2031-32.
Chhattisgarh has an installed capacity of 13798.07 MW consisting of 12221.85 MW thermal,

48 MW nuclear, 233 MW hydro and 1295.22 MW from renewable energy sources as on
31.12.2022.
The hydro installation of 233 MW in overall installation of 13798.07 MW in Chhattisgarh is

only 1.68% which is much below the optimum hydro thermal mix of 40:60. Thus there is an
urgent need to take up more storage based hydro projects with an aim to achieve optimum
hydro thermal mix in the state. Moreover, CSPGCL’S KTPS-II (4X50 = 200 MW) & KTPS-III
(2x120 =240 MW) has been retired due to new environmental norms.
Increase of generation of CSPGCL is needed to cope up with the forecast of demand as

stated above. Installation of Pumped Storage Project is suitable according to the present
trend of world power scenario to meet up peak demand as well as to avoid use of fossil fuel
and to avail the opportunity of God gifted geological condition.
Proposal for installation of 1400 MW Dangari Pumped Storage Scheme is very much
essential to fulfil peak power demand and justified in consideration with the requirement of
excess 49329 MW peak electricity demand at Western Zone in 2031-32 in comparison to
2021-22. Dangari Pumped Storage Project is expected to generate 1400 MW of power for 5

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hours 40 minutes in a day considering 355 days (considered 10 days for maintenance
work) in a year in one cycle operation. Dangari PSP can generate 2895.67 MU of energy in
a year from the proposed 1400 MW PSP. Pumping time is required about 6 hours 34.7
min in a day in one cycle operation.
There is a big scope to keep up this ratio with the installation of a Pump Storage Project as
well as to add generation according to need of the grid which will ensure the active
participation in expansion of power generation of the country in coming years.
Pump Storage project helps the grid (frequency balance) by adding power by generation in
peak demand and draw power during off peak for pumping. It helps the thermal power
stations to generate more power in off peak by drawl of power for pumping of pumped
storage project which helps to relieve the back down of thermal power stations, reduce
costly oil support, minimize the breakdown, and ultimately improve the PLF of Thermal
Power Stations.
From economic point of view the pumped storage project is viable as the rate of energy is
different at different time of the day though it draws more power during pumping rather than
generation and efficiency is more than 75%. Energy charges also varies depending on
frequency, during off peak demand when frequency has the tendency to be higher, rate of
energy becomes lower which reduces the cost of pumping power.
If a big Solar project is connected with grid, frequency of the grid may change due to its
sudden variation of generation due to its natural variation like, cloud, rain, storm etc. It is a
hard task for Thermal power station to cope up the grid balance due to sudden change in
solar generation, but costlier variable speed machine instead of fixed speed machine in the
pumped storage project has the scope to cope up this variation within millisecond.

CHAPTER-3
ECONOMIC SCENARIO OF
CHHATTISGARH
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER- 3 ........................................................................................................................ 1
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
3.2 Chhattisgarh Population Data ..................................................................................... 2
3.3 Economic Parameters ................................................................................................ 3
3.3.1 GSDP/NSDP .............................................................................................................. 3
3.3.2 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow & Investments ................................................ 4
3.4 Agriculture .................................................................................................................. 4
3.5 Horticulture ................................................................................................................. 5
3.6 Forest Resources ....................................................................................................... 6
3.7 Fisheries..................................................................................................................... 6
3.8 Industry ...................................................................................................................... 6
3.9 Service Sector ............................................................................................................ 7
3.10 Resources & Power .................................................................................................... 8
3.11 Transportation ............................................................................................................ 9
Chapter – 3: Economic Scenario of Chhattisgarh Page i

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CHAPTER- 3
ECONOMIC SCENNARIO OF CHHATTISGARH

3.1 Introduction
Chhattisgarh is one of the progressive landlocked state in Central India. It is the ninth largest
state by area, and with a present population of near about 30 millions, the seventeenth most
populous. It borders seven states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the
northwest, Maharashtra to the southwest, Jharkhand to the northeast, Odisha to the
east, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh to the south. The state was formed by the partition of
ten Chhattisgarhi and six Gondi-speaking districts in the southeast of Madhya
Pradesh. Formerly a part of Madhya Pradesh, it was granted statehood on 1 November
2000 with Raipur as the designated state capital. Currently, it comprises 33 administrative
districts.
The history of the Chhattisgarh region dates back to about the 4th century CE, when it was
known as Southern (or South) Kosala. The name Chhattisgarh, meaning “thirty-six forts,”
was formerly applied to the territory of the Haihaya dynasty of Ratanpur, founded about 750.
Under British rule the present region of Chhattisgarh consisted of a division comprising 14
feudatory princely kingdoms under the Eastern States Agency. Raipur was the headquarters
of that division.
Within the Republic of India, Chhattisgarh was part of Madhya Pradesh until November 1,
2000. Although the campaign for Chhattisgarh statehood began in earnest only in the 1970s,
its roots go back to the early 20th century, when local leaders began to claim a distinct
cultural identity for the region. In the early 1990s the push for statehood was manifested in
the election platforms of various political parties, and promises of a separate state were
again prominent during the elections of 1996 and 1998. In August 2000 the Indian legislature
passed the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Bill to create Chhattisgarh. The formation of
Chhattisgarh was especially noteworthy in that it was peaceful; it was not associated with
any of the agitation and violence that marred the establishment of two other new states—
Uttaranchal (now Uttarakhand) and Jharkhand—about the same time.
Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest economically developing states in India. Its Gross State
Domestic Product (GSDP) is ₹3.63 lakh crore (US$48 billion), with a per capita GSDP of
₹102,762 (US$1,300). A resource-rich state, Chhattisgarh provides electricity, coal, and
steel to the rest of the nation. The economy of Chhattisgarh recorded a growth rate of 6.7%
in 2017–18. Chhattisgarh's success factors in achieving high growth rate are growth in
agriculture and industrial production.
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It is the 9th-largest state in India, with an area of 137900 sq km. As of 2021, it has a
population of roughly 30 million (3 crores), making it the 17th most populated state in the
country. The northern and southern parts of the state are hilly, while the central part is a
fertile plain. The highest point in the state is the Gaurlata near Samri, Balrampur-
Ramanujganj district. Deciduous forests of the Eastern Highlands Forests cover 63.04 lakh
hectares roughly 45% of the state.
In terms of population, Chhattisgarh is the seventeenth largest state in the Country

accounting for 2.14% of the total population of the country. The density of population for
Chhattisgarh is 220 persons per square kilometer. The literacy rate of the erstwhile state is
77.3% percent in 2017 as compared to 71.04 percent in 2011. The literacy rate of the State
is slightly higher than the all-India literacy rate of 74.04 percent in 2011.
Most of the soils are made up of a combination of sand, silt, and clay. The formation of soil is
primarily inﬂuenced by major factors such as climate, altitude and composition of bedrock
etc. The land utilization classification reveals that 46.79 lakh hectares of the state
geographical areas is under net area sown, 63.04 lakh hectares under forest, 2.66 lakh
hectares under current fallow lands, and 10.27 lakh hectares under barren and uncultivable
land.
Chhattisgarh is rich in minerals. It produces 50% of the country's total cement production. It
has the highest output of coal in the country with second-highest reserves. It is third in iron
ore production and first in tin production. Limestone, dolomite and bauxite are abundant. It is
the only tin ore-producing state in India. Other commercially extracted minerals include
corundum, garnet, quartz, marble, alexandrite and diamonds.
3.2 Chhattisgarh Population Data
In accordance Census 2011, Chhattisgarh has population of 2.56 Crores, an increase from
figure of 2.08 Crore in 2001 census. Total population of Chhattisgarh as per latest census
data is 25,545,198 of which male and female are 12,832,895 and 12,712,303 respectively. In
2001, total population was 20,833,803 in which males were 10,474,218 while females were
10,359,585. The total population growth in this decade was 22.61 percent while in previous
decade it was 18.06 percent. The population of Chhattisgarh forms 2.11 percent of India in
2011. In 2001, the figure was 2.03 percent.

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Description Year 2011 Year 2001

Approximate Population 2.56 Crores 2.08 Crore
Actual Population 25,545,198 20,833,803
Male 12,832,895 10,474,218
Female 12,712,303 10,359,585
Population Growth 22.61% 18.06%
Percentage of total Population 2.11% 2.03%
Sex Ratio 991 989
Child Sex Ratio 969 975
Density/km2 189 154
Area(Km 2) 135,192 135,191
Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 3,661,689 3,554,916
Literacy 70.28 % 64.66 %
Male Literacy 80.27 % 77.38 %
Female Literacy 60.24 % 51.85%
3.3 Economic Parameters
The economy of Chhattisgarh is founded primarily on mining, agriculture, energy production,

and manufacturing. The state has major deposits of coal, iron ore, dolomite, and other
minerals. The central lowland is known especially for its abundant rice production, and the
state as a whole provides the bulk of the country’s tendu leaves for bidis. Chhattisgarh also
is a significant regional supplier of electricity, from both thermal and hydroelectric
generators. The state’s manufacturing activities focus largely on metals production.
3.3.1 GSDP/NSDP
The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Chhattisgarh for 2022-23 (at current prices) is
projected to be Rs 4, 38,478 crores. This is a growth of 9.6% over the revised estimate of
GSDP for 2021-22 (Rs 4, 00,061 crore). In 2021-22, GSDP is estimated to grow at 13.6%
over the previous year (at current prices). The sectorial growth rates of GVA of Chhattisgarh
for 2020-21 at constant prices are Agriculture: 28%, Industry: 34% and Services sector:
38%. The Per Capita Income (NSDP) of Chhattisgarh data was reported at 104,943.309 INR
in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 105,089.105 INR for 2020.

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3.3.2 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow & Investments
Chhattisgarh has been one of the foremost states to have developed sector-specific policies.
Forming industrial clusters and developing infrastructure, has been the state's key strategy
to attract investments in various industries. According to the Department for Promotion of
Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), cumulative FDI equity inflows during April 2000 to March
2020, totaled to US$ 1.43 billion.
Mineral resources are Chhattisgarh's biggest strength. Chhattisgarh is a leading producer of

minerals such as coal, iron ore and dolomite. Moreover, considerable reserves of bauxite,
limestone and quartzite are available in the state. Chhattisgarh is the only state in India that
produced tin concentrates. The state accounts for 35.4 per cent of tin ore reserves of India.
3.4 Agriculture
Chhattisgarh is predominantly an agricultural economy as agriculture is the most vital and

sensitive sector of the state as agriculture is the main source of livelihood for nearly 80
percent of the population. Agriculture has been the chief source of income and main
occupation for the state with 80% of population engaged in agriculture and related activities.
The main crops are rice, maize, kodo-kutki and other small millets and pulses, oilseeds,
such as groundnuts (peanuts), soybeans and sunflowers, are also grown. Recently, crops
used for vegetable oil production such as sunflower and peanuts have gained favour.
About half of Chhattisgarh’s land is farmland, while most of the remainder is either
under forest cover or is otherwise unsuitable for cultivation. Roughly three-fourths of the
farmland is under cultivation. Often called the country’s rice bowl, the central
lowland plain supplies grain to hundreds of rice mills. Maize and millet dominate the
highlands. Cotton and oilseeds are the important commercial crops of the region. Agriculture
continues to be characterized in many areas by the use of manual methods of cultivation;
farmers in the basin have been particularly slow to adopt mechanized agricultural
techniques.
Livestock and poultry farming also are prominent. The state’s livestock includes cows,
buffalo, goats, sheep, and pigs. There are several centres for improving the quality of these
animals, such as those for the artificial insemination and crossbreeding of goats
in Bilaspur and Dhar.

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In Chhattisgarh, rice, the main crop, is grown on about 77% of the net sown area. Only about
20% of the area is under irrigation; the rest depends on rain. Of the three agroclimatic zones,
about 73% of the Chhattisgarh plains, 97% of the Bastar plateau and 95% of the northern
hills are rainfed. The irrigated area available for double cropping is only 87,000 ha in
Chhattisgarh plains and 2300 ha in Bastar plateau and northern hills. Due to this, the
productivity of rice and other crops is low, hence the farmers are unable to obtain economic
benefits from agriculture and it has remained as subsistence agriculture till now, though
agriculture is the main occupation of more than 80% of the population.
3.5 Horticulture
Chhattisgarh has often been dubbed “Rice Bowl” of Central India, with the main crop being
Paddy. Apart from paddy, cereals like maize, kodo-kutki and other small millets, pulses like
tur and kulthi and oilseeds like Groundnut, Soybean, Niger and Sunflower are also grown.
Yet productivity is not very high. This brought a new thrust on the sector of Horticulture, as
the region is also suitable for growing Mango, Banana, Guava and other fruits and a variety
of vegetables.
Horticulture is growing popularity owing to the high value of horticulture produces than
agriculture crops. However, there needs to be a greater impetus in boosting the irrigation
resources of the state and in promoting horticulture in intensive mode in the state.
The major fruit crops grown in Chhattisgarh state are Mango, Guava, Lime, Litchi, Cashew-
nut, Cheku etc., apart from these major fruit crops minor fruits like Sitafal, Bael, Ber, Amla
etc., are also grown both as cultivated and wild crop. The total area of the fruit crops in the
state is 2, 54,754 Ha. along with the production of 34,58,745 MT in the year 2020-21. All
vegetable crops like Solaneious crops, Cucurbits, Beans, Cabbage, Cauliflower etc., are
grown very well in the state. The total area of vegetable crops in the state was recorded
4,89,271 Ha in the year 2020-21with the production of 68,68,126 MT. Chili, Ginger, Garlic,
Turmeric, Coriander & Methi are the major spices grown in the state. The total area of spices
recorded in year 2020-21was 67,756 Ha with the production of 4,49,353 MT. The medicinal
crops grown in the state are Ashwagandha, Serpagandha, Satawar, Butch, Aonla, Tikhur
etc. Some aromatic crops like Lemongrass, Pamarosa, Jamarosa, Patchauli, E.citridora are
promoted by the department for commercial cultivation among farmers. The present area of
aromatic and medicinal crops in the state is 3520 Ha. with the production of 22,195MT in the
year 2020-21.

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3.6 Forest Resources
Chhattisgarh is gifted with the most pristine and abundant set of natural resources in the
country. The recorded forest area in the state is 59,772 km sq, which is 44.21 percent of its
geographical area. Reserved, Protected and Unclassed Forests constitute 43.13 percent,
40.21 percent, and 16.65 percent of the total forest area respectively. The state has three
National Parks and eleven Wildlife Sanctuaries covering an area of 0.29 million ha and 0.36
million ha respectively. A total of 0.65 million ha area constituting 4.79 percent of the
geographical area of the state is under protected area network. The forest cover in the state
is 55,674 Km Sq, which is 41.18 percent of the state's geographical area. In terms of forest
canopy density classes, the state has 4,163 Km Sq of very dense forests, 34,811 Km Sq of
moderately dense forests und 16,600 km Sq of open forests.
3.7 Fisheries
Chhattisgarh is the 6th largest fish seed producer and 6th largest fish producer of inland
fisheries in the country. Its annual fish seed production has reached 14,915 lakh standard fry
and 3.422 lakh tonnes fish. Fisheries sector contributed ₹3,422 crore to the GDP of state
during 2015-16. State overall GDP contribution in fisheries sector is 1.57% as reported by
Department of Fisheries. The state has 33 districts with Raipur as its capital. In the state,
around 32% of the population belongs to scheduled tribes and 12% belongs to the
scheduled caste. Available water in the state is 1.57 lakh ha out of which 1.47 lakh ha water
area has been developed under fish farming i.e., 94% of the total water area.
3.8 Industry
Chhattisgarh is a source of electricity and steel for India, accounting for 15% of the total steel
produced in the country. It is one of the fastest developing states in India. Agriculture is
counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. Chhattisgarh is one of the few states
of India where the power sector is effectively developed.
The steel industry is one of the biggest heavy industries of the state. Chhattisgarh is rich in
minerals. It produces 20% of the country’s total cement produced. A wide range of fiscal and
policy incentives for businesses have been announced under its Industrial Policy, 2019-24.
Here in this article, we have accumulated the top 10 small business ideas in Chhattisgarh for
new entrepreneurs. There now are dozens of large- and medium-scale steel industries
producing hot metal, pig iron, sponge iron, rails, ingots, and plates; Bhilai Nagar is the site of

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an especially large iron-and-steel plant. Many of the metal industries, as well as other
emergent enterprises such as the production of microelectronics and high-tech optical fibres,
receive government support.
In the private sector there are cement works, as well as assorted mills producing paper,
sugar, textiles (cotton, wool, silk, and jute), lumber, flour, and oil (from oilseeds). A number
of factories manufacture fertilizer, synthetic fibres, and chemicals. Most small-scale
industries of Chhattisgarh are centred on the production of traditional handiworks, including
textiles (such as saris), carpets, pottery, and gold- and silver-thread embroidery.
Chhattisgarh has promising opportunities and the state-of-the-art infrastructure for

entrepreneurs to establish and run their businesses smoothly. The tax incentives provided
by the state government make Chhattisgarh a lucrative business destination. It can become
an entrepreneurial hub in the next few years if substantial investment flows in. It has huge
investment potential and is on the fast track of development.
Today, almost 80 per cent of the population is dependent on agriculture and small-scale
industry in the state. Chhattisgarh is committed to a strong industrial growth that is focused
on some of the most raw and basic industrial sectors. It seems that entrepreneurship can be
build up in this area drastically. Similar to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s concept of “Make
in India,” the state government has started focusing on “Make in Chhattisgarh.”
The need of the hour is to create a favourable investment climate in the state to enhance
industrial production and create additional employment opportunities. The government is
planning to come up with new industrial parks to set up business units. It already has Metal
Park, Apparel Park, Engineering Park and Aluminium Park at Rawabhata, Raipur, Bhilai and
Korba respectively.
3.9 Service Sector
Service Sector is one of the seven missions constituted by the Government of Chhattisgarh.
The area under Service Sector mission is creating job opportunities by promoting tourism
and information technology sectors thereby giving a thrust to tourism, hotel, real estate,
banking, IT Services, transport and logistics. Service Sector mission departments and sub-
departments interact with other departments within the state and also with various
departments of Government of India, external agencies such as Banks, other departments of
state governments, private agencies and institutions for discharging various functions and

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delivery services. Services sector provides an opportunity for shifting excessive and less
productive work force out of the primary sector. Services has a share of 38% in State GVA.
3.10 Resources & Power
Chhattisgarh is mineral-rich. Although many of the state’s resources remain to be exploited

fully, its major reserves of coal, iron ore, limestone, bauxite, and dolomite, as well as its
significant deposits of tin, manganese ore, gold, and copper, make the mining industry a
major source of income. In fact, Chhattisgarh is one of the country’s largest suppliers of
dolomite. Its iron ore, which is of top quality, is found primarily in the south-central and
southern parts of the state. Deposits of diamonds have been discovered near Raipur.
Chhattisgarh produces more power than it consumes. The bulk of the state’s power comes
from thermal power plants, several of which are near Korba. However, the state also is well
endowed with potential sources of hydroelectric energy. Main hydroelectric projects (jointly
developed with other states) are the Ban Sagar dam, with Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and the
Hirakud dam over the Mahanadi River. The Hasdeo Bango hydroelectric power project is
near Korba.
Power sector is a critical infrastructure element for growth of an economy. The availability of
reliable, quality and affordable power is vital for rapid growth in agriculture, industry and for
overall economic development of a state. For this an efficient, resilient and financially healthy
power sector is an essential requirement for growth of a state and economic empowerment
of the common man.
Under the Indian Constitution, electricity is a concurrent subject. As per Electricity Act 2003,
it is the duty of a distribution licensee to develop and maintain an efficient, coordinated and
economical distribution system in the mandated area of supply as well as to supply electricity
in accordance with the provisions contained in the Act. The State Electricity Regulatory
Commission (SERC), as per the provisions of the act, specifies and enforces the standards
with respect to quality and reliability of supply by licensees and also monitors the
performance of distribution companies (Licensees) on the basis of notified Performance of
Standards.
Power sector can be divided into three verticals having Generation, Transmission and
Distribution business. In Chhattisgarh, state electricity board which was undertaking the

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above functions, after the restructuring process undertook in Jul 2022, was unbundled into
three independent Companies, i.e.
1. Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited (CSPGCL),
2. Chhattisgarh State Power Transmission Company Limited (CSPTCL),
3. Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Limited (CSPDCL).
The function of power generation to meet the demand of the state was given to CSPGCL.
The function of intra state transmission of power was given to CSPTCL and distribution of
power to end consumers was given to CSPDCL.
The Power scenario of the State has been explained in the subsequent chapters.
3.11 Transportation
Chhattisgarh is well connected to the rest of the country by road, rail, and air. The state
is traversed by several national and state highways, as well as by some of the major rail
routes. Most of Chhattisgarh’s larger cities are the sites of important railway junctions.
Airports at Raipur and Bilaspur serve commercial flights, and the development of airports
at Raigarh, Jagdalpur, and Ambikapur began in the Year 2010.

CHAPTER-4
HYDROLOGY
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER- 4 ........................................................................................................................ 1
Hydrology.............................................................................................................................. 1
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1
4.2 Objective of the Study ................................................................................................ 1
4.3 Project Proposal ......................................................................................................... 2
4.4 Location and Basin Characteristics............................................................................. 3
4.5 Climate ....................................................................................................................... 3
4.6 Water Availability ........................................................................................................ 4
4.7 Time frame for filling ................................................................................................... 5
4.8 Design Flood Assessment .......................................................................................... 5
4.9 Sedimentation studies ................................................................................................ 5
4.10 Recommendation ....................................................................................................... 5
List of Figures
Figure 4. 1: Location Map on Google Earth with catchment area of lower reservoir ..............2
Figure 4. 2: Catchment area map of Dangari proposed Lower dam & Upper dam.................3
Chapter – 4: Hydrology Page i

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Feasibility Report
CHAPTER- 4
Hydrology
4.1 Introduction
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Project is located in Jashpur District. The project
falls in Survey of India degree sheet nos. 64M, 64N, 73A & 73B and between latitudes 22˚
17’ to 23˚ 15’ N and longitudes 83˚ 23’ to 84˚ 24’ E. Jashpur district is situated in the north
eastern part of the Chhattisgarh state. The district is bounded by Suguja District in the north
and west, Raigarh district in the southwest, Gumla district of Jharkhand state in the east and
Sundergarh District of Orissa State in the southeast, Jashpurnagar, the district headquarters
is situated in the northeastern part of the district.
The Lower reservoir has been identified on Geor nadi (Tributary of Mahan-river) at location
of 23° 11' 10.12" N & 83° 35' 0.89" E. This reservoir would intercept an area of 86.67 sq.km
of Geor nadi. The Gross storage shall be 11.14 MCM.
4.2 Objective of the Study
The overall objective of the present hydrological study is to assess the hydrological
parameters for locating Pump storage Project (PSP) in Chhattisgarh state in a river basin
where water is available for re-circulation between upper and lower reservoir for power
generation thus, a project has been dentified in Sone sub basin in Ganga basin as Dangari
Pumped Storage Project. The Google image of project location is at Fig.4.1 below. While
identifying the Pump Storage Project (PSP), emphasis has been laid on easy availability of
water and land topography for locating such project.
In the present scenario, no major water resource project is existing in the area identified
which could have been considered as a source of water to meet the one-time water
requirement for the proposed PSP. As such, water needed for re-circulation together with
evaporation demand etc. have to be met from rains/monsoon only. During this process, thus
the data as available readily could be utilised to assess the feasibility of proposed Pump
storage project. The location of Upper and Lower Dam on Sone Sub Basin Map of CWC is
presented at Annexure 4.1.
Chapter – 4: Hydrology Page 1 of 5

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Figure 4. 1: Location Map on Google Earth with catchment area of lower reservoir
4.3 Project Proposal
The present study therefore aims to identify both Upper and Lower reservoir and their
locations which could serve as reservoirs for re-circulation of water among themselves
during PSP operation. While identifying the location, emphasis has been made for
availability of enough head, water and suitable land (free from environmental and R&R
issues). Considering these aspects, Dangari Pump Storage Project has been identified in
Jashpur district under Sone River system.
The Lower reservoir has been identified on Geor nadi (Tributary of Mahan river) at location
of 23° 11' 10.12" N & 83° 35' 0.89" E. This reservoir would intercept an area of 86.67 sq. km
of Geor nadi. The Gross storage shall be 11.14 MCM and located between elevations of El.
739 m to El. 749 m.
However, the location of Upper reservoir/dam site could not be found on any nala/tributary in
the region. As such efforts were made to identify a depression/pit available in natural
surroundings which could help in storing enough water during re-cycling operation.
Accordingly, Upper reservoir/dam would be constructed by utilizing the natural depression
and excavating a pit, constructing bund to meet the additional storage requirement between

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Feasibility Report
elevations El. 1120 m to El. 1137 m. The proposed dam is located at 23° 10' 56.40" N &
83°36' 53.46" E. This reservoir would not intercept any catchment area as it is to be
constructed by constructing a bund. The water spread area/submergence/catchment area
shall be only 80 Ha. The Gross capacity shall be 9.59 MCM at FRL.
The total Catchment Area of proposed Dangari Lower dam is 86.7 Sq. km and a GIS map is
presented in Fig. 4.2 below.
Figure 4. 2: Catchment Area Map of Dangari Proposed Lower and Upper Reservoir
4.4 Location and Basin Characteristics
The project is located in the state of Chhattisgarh on Geor nadi (Tributary of Mahan-river)
The topography of the river basin comprises of hilly terrain. The details of the project area
are as under:
Location: (a) Upper dam : 23° 10' 56.40" N & 83°36' 53.46" E
(b) Lower dam : 23° 11' 10.12" N, 83° 35' 0.89" E
4.5 Climate
The Central Water Commission in association with National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)

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Hyderabad studied the Ganga basin in detail during the year 2008 for development of an
effective management system of water resources and also to generate the database for
India – WRIS Web 615. During this process the Ganga basin report (March 2014) was
published and the same is available in public domain. The report indicates in nutshell the
climatological parameters of Ganga Basin and its sub basins. Sone river basin falls under
Middle Ganga sub basin in the CWC report. The report indicates that the region experiences
four distinct season i.e cold weather, hot weather, south-west monsoon and post monsoon.
The mean annual rainfall being 1300 mm and 90% of rainfall occurs in monsoon season.
The upper/Middle sub basin of Ganga including Sone sub basin is predominantly hilly terrain
with elevations range El. 650m – El. 1200m.
4.6 Water Availability
The newly proposed Dangari Reservoir as a lower reservoir on Geor nadi (Tributary of
Mahan-river) at location of 23° 11' 10.12" N & 83° 35' 0.89" E. This reservoir would intercept
an area of 86.67 sq.km of Geor nadi. The Gross storage shall be 11.14 MCM and live
storage is 8.77 MCM located between elevations of 739 m to El. 749 m. At present, readily
no rainfall, inflow, and climatological data are available readily. As such, for estimating the
water available, recourse has been made by using the runoff factor method to assess the
water availability for the Lower dam including evaporative/operational demands of the
proposed Pump Storage
Project amounting to approximately 8.77MCM. The Central Water Commission (CWC) is

regularly collecting runoff data in the Mahanadi basin. The Central Water Commission
(CWC) is regularly collecting runoff data in Mahanadi basin. The nearest CWC site is at
Mahendergarh (CA = 1100 Km2) where discharge data is observed regularly and is readily
available from 2008-18. The mean annual runoff at this site is 179 mm while the mean
annual rainfall of Mahanadi sub basin is 1299.9 mm. Thus, it yielded a runoff factor 13.8%.
This would ensure an average availability of 15.7 MCM of Water at Lower dam site.
Similarly, an effort has been made to estimate the runoff using Stranges’ coefficient table for
bad catchment at the project site. The Stranges’ coefficient being 23.1% Thus it would yield
a mean annual runoff of 26.1 MCM at Lower dam site.
The above estimate has been tentatively made in absence of site-specific observed runoff
data. However, during DPR stage observed data if available will be collected for the studies.

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Feasibility Report
4.7 Time frame for filling
As indicated in above para, the quantity of water available from one monsoon season is
enough to fill the reservoir up to FRL. As such efforts would be made during construction
stage to continue filling this reservoir during construction stage itself.
4.8 Design Flood Assessment
Proposed Dangari PSP Lower Dam:

The proposed reservoir intercepts an area of 86.7 Km2 with storage of 11.14 MCM As per
BIS Code No. 12223-1985, it falls under the category of Medium dams and as such, it has to
be designed for SPF. The SPS 24 hour rainfall depth as available in PMP Atlas of CWC for
the region is 520.0 mm. The conversion factor for one hour rainfall from 24 hour rainfall is
0.31 as available in CWC Flood Estimation Report. By using Rational formula a peak flood of
3885.5 cumecs may be considered as design flood tentatively.
Proposed Dangari PSP Upper Dam:

The proposed reservoir intercepts an area of 80 ha with storage of 9.59 MCM as per BIS
Code No. 12223-1985, it falls under the category of small dams and as such, it has to be
designed for 100 year flood. The 100 year 24 hour rainfall depth as available in PMP Atlas of
CWC for the region is 268.0 mm. The conversion factor for one hour rainfall from 24 hour
rainfall is 0.31 as available in CWC Flood Estimation Report. By using Rational formula a
peak flood of 18.4 cumecs may be considered as design flood tentatively.
4.9 Sedimentation studies
None of the reservoirs are existing. No site-specific silt data is existing. A silt rate of 680 cu-
m/km2 /year is tentatively considered for estimation of silt during 100 years of operation. The
dead storage needed would be 5.89 MCM (tentatively). However detailed studies shall be
carried out at DPR stage, if needed.
4.10 Recommendation
No site-specific observed data is available tentatively. In absence of the same, preliminary

secondary data as available in CWC and IMD were utilized to estimate the present runoff. It
is suggested that the data should be collected by project authorities for utilization in carrying
out the hydrological studies during DPR stage for realistic assessment of hydrological
parameters. The proposed reservoir would get filled in only one monsoon seasons. However
detailed simulation studies shall be carried out at DPR stage.

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Annexure – 4.1
Chapter-4: Hydrology
Ganga Basin Report
Dangiri Upper Reservoir Location
Dangiri Lower Reservoir Location

Dangiri Upper Reservoir
Location
Map 13n. Sone Sub-basin and watersheds

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in
CHAPTER-5
GEOLOGICAL STUDIES
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
5.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1
5.2 Regional Geomorphology, Geology & Seismicity ........................................................... 2
5.2.1 Geomorphology, ................................................................................................................... 2
5.2.2 Regional Geology ................................................................................................................. 5
5.2.3 Seismicity............................................................................................................................... 7
5.3 Geomorphology And Geology Of The Project Area........................................................ 8
5.4 Construction Material ........................................................................................................... 9
5.4.1 Coarse Aggregate ................................................................................................................ 9
5.4.2 Fine Aggregate ..................................................................................................................... 9
5.5 Conclusions and Recommendations................................................................................. 9
List of Figures
Figure.5.1. Google Earth image showing the project area of Dangari PSP ........................ 1
Figure 5.2 Physiography of Chhattisgarh State.................................................................. 4
Figure.5.3 Seismic Zonation Map of India showing project area ........................................ 7
Figure.5.4 Seismotechtonic Map showing project area ...................................................... 8
Chapter – 5: Geological Studies Page i

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Feasibility Report
CHAPTER – 5
GEOLOGICAL STUDIES
5.1 Introduction
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Project is located in Jashpur District. The project
falls in Survey of India degree sheet nos. 64M, 64N, 73A & 73B and between latitudes 22˚
17’ to 23˚ 15’ N and longitudes 83˚ 23’ to 84˚ 24’ E. Jashpur district is situated in the north
eastern part of the Chhattisgarh state. The district is bounded by Suguja District in the north
and west, Raigarh district in the southwest, Gumla district of Jharkhand state in the east and
Sundergarh District of Orissa State in the southeast, Jashpurnagar, the district headquarters
is situated in the northeastern part of the district
The proposed project envisages utilization of water from an artificial bund type reservoir
proposed as upper reservoir, which will be created by excavating a Pit to divert the water
through an Intake-HRT-Pressure shaft to an underground powerhouse to generate 1400 MW
of power by utilizing net head of 374.00 m.
Figure.5.1. Google Earth image showing the project area of Dangari PSP
Chapter – 5: Geological Studies Page 1 of 9

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The water from Power House will be diverted through a TRT and will be stored in proposed
lower reservoir. The water will be pumped back to the proposed upper reservoir through
TRT-Reversible Turbines-pressure shaft-HRT to upper reservoir in off peak hours.
The main aim of this report is geological feasibility study of the project components using
District Resource Map of GSI for preparation of FR and to formulate DPR stage investigation
in future.
The project layout superimposed on the survey of India toposheet no. 64N/9 and 64M/12 is
presented at Annexure-5.1.
5.2 Regional Geomorphology, Geology & Seismicity
5.2.1 Geomorphology,
Geomorphologically, the area in the southern part is formed of pediment/pediplain and in the
northern part, it forms denudation hills and valleys, denudation and high level plateau. The
area forms a part of Sone sub-basin (part of Gangas basin) and Mahanadi basin. The
mahan river and its tributaries and Geor Nadi drain most of area. The general slope of the
area is towards south. The maximum and minimum elevations are El. 1123 m and around El.
300m above the mean sea level and are seen in the northern most and southern part of the
district respectively.
Rock formations of Archaean to Proterozoic are occupy a major part of the area. Lameta
Group of rocks and Deccan Traps occur in the northern parts. Chhota Nagpur Gneissic
Complex of Archaean to proterozoic (undifferentiated) age comprises of biotite gneiss/biotite
granite, granodiorite, tonalite, muscovite granite/gneiss, gneissic granite and granite gneiss
with enclaves of meta-sediments, metabasic and ultrabasic rocks. the above rock
assemblage is indicative of large scale remobilization and wide spread granitisation.
Younger granitic plutons, basic dykes,pegmatite and quartz veins are found as intrusives
within the metamorphites.
Lameta group of rocks of Cretaceous age (136-65m.y.) are exposed in the northern parts of
the district, just below the Deccan Trap basalt. They comprise polymictic conglomerate and
gritty sandstone with clasts of chert and calcareous mundstone.

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Non-porphyritic to porphyritic basalt of tholeitic composition represents the Deccan Traps of

Cretaceous to Palaeogene age (68-60 m.y.) During the Caonozoic ara, the area had
undergone prolonged laterisation resulting in the formation of extensive laterite capping over
the basalt flows has partially transformed them into bauxite bearing laterite capping in the
highland plateau area in the northwestern part of the district.
Bauxite beryl, gold, mica and tungsten are the economic mineral deposits/occurrences
reported in the district. Small pockets of bauxite deposits within laterite have been explored
from kadampat, Jatripat, Dhanapat-Datunpani, Kharipat, Khuria, marol and Pandrapat in the
pandrampat, plateau area. Gold mineralisation is reported from quartzite, chertz quartzite
and quartz veins from Pharsabahar, bantoli, Dharsasand, Turi Alga, Bangaon, Kansabel-
Pandripani-Tappkara. Occurrences of resideual gold are reported from the Ib River.
Lepidolite mica is reported in the area between latitude 22 30: 22 37 N longitude 83 30:
8345E. Occurrences of beryl are reported from Kunkuri Ginabahar, Belghurti and
kainkacchar, Scheelite (Tungsten) occurring in the form of disseminations, minor stringers
and patches with quartz-tourmaline veins and leuco-granite is reported from Sikrima,
Sajbahar, Golidih, Samdama, Junwani, Bansajhat , Manjharpara and Pegalmunda are also
present in the area as reflected on District Resource Map of GSI on 1:2, 50000 scale
(Annexure-5.2).
The State of Chhattisgarh lies between North Latitude 17°47’ to 24°06’ and East Longitude
80°14’ to 84°24’. The State covers a geographical area of 1,37,360 sq. km. Chhattisgarh can
be divided into three distinct physiographic (Refer Figure – 5.1) units namely:
i) Bastar plateau region on the southern part,
ii) Chhattisgarh Plain region on the central part and
iii) Northern hilly region on the northern parts of the State.

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Feasibility Report
Figure 5.2 Physiography of Chhattisgarh State

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Feasibility Report
The Bastar Plateau Region
It covers Bastar, Kondagaon, Narayanpur, Kanker, Bijapur, Sukma and Dantewada districts
lying on the southern parts of the State. Except Indravati River plains, most of the area is
covered by evergreen dense reserve forests and hilly tracts. The major landforms are high
level plateaus, structural hills and valleys and pediments and pediplains.
The Chhattisgarh Plain
It is spread over the central part of the State and covers parts of Bilaspur, Mungeli, Janjgir-
Champa, Mahasamund, Dhamtari, Raipur, Balodabazar, Gariyaband Durg, Balod,
Bemetara, Rajnandgaon and Kawardha districts. It forms the structural plains on Proterozoic
rocks and matures Pediplain with remnants of few isolated hills and ridges in between flood
plains of numerous tributaries of Mahanadi River system. It is characterized by a gently
undulating and flat terrain.
Northern Hilly Region
It covers from north to the north central part of the area and occupies parts of Sarguja,
Balrampur, Surajpur Koriya, Korba, Bilaspur, Jashpur and Raigarh districts. It is a part of
Maikal and Hazaribagh hill ranges of central India. It represents structural plains of
Gondwana rocks, pediment/pediplains, structural and denudational plateaus, structural and
denudational hills and valleys. It supports north flowing tributaries of Son River and south
flowing Hasdeo and other tributaries of Mahanadi River. The Narmada, an important west-
flowing River of central India, originates from Amarkantak in the central part of this
physiographic unit.
5.2.2 Regional Geology
Rock formations ranging age from Archaean to Cainozoic are exposed in the region. The
oldest rock belonging to Gneissic Complex of Archean-Proterozoic age comprises granite
gneiss consisting intrusive of quartz veins, granite porphyry, aplite and dolerite dykes of
lower Proterozoic age followed by compact hornstone, felsite, slate, schist and compact
conglomerate of middle Proterozoic age. These form the basement complex. The basement
complex is overlain by a sequence of Chhattisgarh Supergroup.

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Feasibility Report
Table – 5.1 Stratigraphic Status
AGE STRATIGRAPHIC STATUS LITHOLOGY

Ferruginous
Tarjhar Formation sandstone,
orthoquatzite
Chhatisgarh Super Group
Shale, siltstone,
Mesoproterozoic to
Neoproterozoic
Galighat Formation sandstone,
Pairi Group
orthoquartzite
Shale with siltstone
Neor Formation
intercalations
Black shale, chert,
Kulharighat Formation
limestone, dolomite
Sandstone
Devdhara Formation
conglomerate
Intrusive
Younger
Nephline,
Proterozoic
Hornblende synite
Granitoid
Bundeli
Granite
Peninnsular Gneiss Granites

(Older Phase), Baya &
Gneissic Complex Gneisses
Bengpal
Ganodiorites,
Group
gneisses migmatites
Archaean
Super Group
Eastern
Gneisses, Khondalite
Ghat
Granulites

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Feasibility Report
5.2.3 Seismicity
Dangari Pumped Storage Project is located within Deccan Trap of Cainozoic age, Laterite,
bauxite, laterite on basalt belonging to Deccan Trap of Cretaceous to Palaeogene age and
Biotite gneiss belonging to Chhota Nagpur Gneissic Complex of Archaen to Proterozoic
(undiff.) age in and around the project site. The area falls under seismic zone-II (Fig.5.2) as
per Seismic Zonation Map of India (IS: 1893-2002, Part1).
Figure.5. 3 Seismic Zonation Map of India showing project area
Both deterministic and probabilistic approaches for evaluation of design ground motion for a
project site require a comprehensive database on past earthquakes in the region of the
project. The analysis of seismicity of Dangari PSP is to be carried out to determine the detail
seismic design parameter to be undertaken in the DPR stage. These studies are to be carried
out following the guidelines of NCSDP. The project area lies in seismic Zone-II as per the
Seismic Zonation Map of India (IS: 1893-2002, Part-1). The Seismotechtonic Map showing
project area (SEISAT-34) from Seismotechtonic atlas of india and its Environ, 2000, GSI is
presented at Fig. 5.3 below.

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Feasibility Report
Figure.5. 4 Seismotechtonic Map showing project area
5.3 Geomorphology And Geology Of The Project Area
structural hills, pediment-pediplain, plateau etc. are found in and around the project area.
Basalt capped by laterite belonging to Deccan Trap of Cretaceous to Cainozoic age,
Polymictic conglomerate, gritty sandstone belonging to Lameta Group of Cretaceous age and
Granite gneiss (porphyroblastic, Auguen, banded, grey granitic& migmatite) with enclaves of
meta-sediments and metabasics belonging to Chhota Nagpur Gneissic Complex of Archaen to
Proterozoic (undiff.) age in and around the project site. The dip and strike is assumed as N83
W-S83 E dip 07° towards NE.

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The proposed project envisages construction of an artificial upper reservoir where the water is
passing through a HRT-Pressure shaft- Penstock to an Underground powerhouse- TRT to the
proposed lower reservoir located at the lower reaches.
5.4 Construction Material
5.4.1 Coarse Aggregate
A Granite gneiss (porphyroblastic, Auguen, banded, grey granitic& migmatite) with enclaves of
metasediments and metabasics are present in and around the project area. Hard competent
granite gneiss rocks can be used as coarse aggregate of concrete. Determination of
engineering properties and quantity assessment will be undertaken during DPR stage to know
their suitability for wearing and non-wearing surfaces as well as availability of sufficient
quantities.
5.4.2 Fine Aggregate
The riverine material/crushed granite gneiss may be utilized as fine aggregates. However,
suitable quarry sites will be selected in DPR stage. The required tests will be done to know
their suitability. In addition, the material from crushing of fresh rock (granite greiss) may also
be used as fine aggregate, if found suitable
5.5 Conclusions and Recommendations
The proposed Dangiri Pumped Storage Project envisages re-circulation of water between
artificial reservoir proposed as upper reservoir, constructed by excavating a Pit with Bund type
reservoir and proposed Lower Reservoir constructed by constructing concrete gravity dam.
The project envisages utilization of water through an Intake-HRT/inclined pressure shaft &
Horizontal Pressure shaft to an underground powerhouse to generate 1400MW of power by
utilizing net head of 374.00m. Detailed investigations will be required during preparation of
DPR. Prima facie, on the basis of the preliminary geological studies it can be concluded that
no geological surprise is envisaged. Geological setup is conducive for underground works.
Overall geology of the project area is good and the project has merits for taking up for DPR
stage investigations.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 5.1
Chapter-5: Geological Studies

DANGARI PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT
E764112
UPPER RESERVOIR
N2566176
UPPER INTAKE
PROPOSED
LOWER INTAKE
N2565176
N2564176
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 5.2

E764112
UPPER RESERVOIR
N2566176
UPPER INTAKE
PROPOSED
LOWER INTAKE
N2565176
N2564176
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 5.3

PLATE-II
UPPER GATE SHAFT

RESERVOIR UPPER
INTAKE
1150.00 FRL EL. 1139.00m BUND
BUND
MDDL EL. 1120.00m NSL NSL
1100.00 ? ?
RITE
? ?
?
? ?
?
?
ED BY LATE
BASALT CAPP
?
? ?
? (CONCRETE LINED) (L - 80m)
1050.00 (S0/J1) 25
? NSL
?
?
1000.00 TY SA NDSTONE
ERATE, GRIT
?
?
C CONGLOM
?
POLYMICTI ?
?
950.00 ?
?
(S0/J1) 25 ?
PRESSURE SHAFT (L- 772.0m)

900.00 J) 25 (S0/J1) 25
(S 0/ 1 POWER HOUSE GATE SHAFT
(S0/J1) 25 220m(L) X 23m(W) X 51.5m(H)
850.00 ?
TRANSFORMER HALL
800.00 LOWER LOWER FRL EL. 748m
190m(L) X 18m(W) X 24m(H) ?
NDED,GREY PRESSURE SHAFT (L- 110m) INTAKE

IC ,AUGUEN,BA RESERVOIR MDDL EL. 740m
EISS (PORPH
Y RO BL A ST -SEDIMENTS
750.00 ES OF META SURGE CHAMBER
GRANITE GN MATITE) WITH ENCLAV ?
?
MIG SICS
700.00 GRANITIC& AND METABA EL. 692.50m
CENTER LINE OF TURBINE
(CONCRETE LINED) (L - 1958m)
650.00 (L - 110.00m)
600.00
550.00 (S0/J1) 25
5 (S0/J1) 25
500.00 J1) 2
(S 0/
Y (S0/J1) 25
450.00 ,BANDED,GRE
(S0/J1) 25
H Y RO BLA STIC,AUGUEN A-SEDIMENTS
EISS (PORP ES OF MET
400.00 GRANITE GN MATITE) WITH ENCLAV Y
IT IC & M IG A B A SI C S ,BANDED,GRE
GRA N AND MET
H Y RO BL A STIC,AUGUEN A-SEDIMENTS
350.00 (S0/J1) 25 EISS (PORP ES OF MET
(S0/J1) 25 GRANITE GN MATITE) WITH ENCLAV
N IT IC & M IG A B A SI C S
300.00 5 GRA AND MET
J)2
(S 0/ 1 (S0/J1) 25
250.00
200.00
(S0/J1) 25
150.00
(S0/J1) 25
100.00
(S0/J1) 25
50.00
0.00
0.00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
1600.00
1800.00
2000.00
2200.00
2400.00
2600.00
2800.00
3000.00
3200.00
3400.00
3600.00
3800.00
4000.00
800.00
400.00
600.00
200.00
L-SECTION
SCALE
0 50 100 150 m
LEGENDS:- NOTES:-
1. For section line refer Survey Map of the Project area
LATERITE ROCK 2. The geological sections are based on the District
Resources & may vary spatially.
3. The bedding (S0) / joints and their spacing depicted in
GRITTY SANDSTONE the section are schematic.
4. The depth of overburden are tentative and may vary.
5. The levels of project components are tentative and may
GRANITE GNEISS change .
6. Thickness and continuity of granite gneiss, sandstone
and shale may vary at depth
CHAPTER-6
PROJECT PLANNING AND
INSTALLED CAPACITY
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Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
CHAPTER- 6 ............................................................................................................................................... 1
6.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 1
6.2 Dangari Pumped Storage Project - Present Proposal .......................................................... 1
6.3 Dangari PSP - Upper Reservoir ............................................................................................... 1
6.4 Dangari PSP – Lower Reservoir .............................................................................................. 2
6.5 Operation Simulation ................................................................................................................. 2
6.5.1 Generator Turbine Efficiency .................................................................................................. 2
6.5.2 Losses in the Water Conductor System ................................................................................ 2
6.6 Operation Simulation Studies .................................................................................................. 2
6.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 4
List of Tables
Table 6. 1 The upper reservoir of pumped storage operation has a live storage capacity ....... 1
Table 6. 2 The lower reservoir of pumped storage operation has a live storage capacity ....... 2
Table 6. 3 Upper Reservoir at FRL and Lower Reservoir at MDDL......................................... 3
Table 6. 4 Upper Reservoir at MDDL and Lower Reservoir at FRL......................................... 3
Chapter – 6: Project Planning and Installed Capacity Page i

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Feasibility Report
CHAPTER- 6
PROJECT PLANNING AND INSTALLED CAPACITY

6.1 Introduction
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Project is located near Navapara village of Jashpur
district of Chhattisgarh, India. The project falls in the Lat 23°10'56.40"N 83°36'53.46"E It is
located 115 KM towards North west direction from District headquarters Jashpur Nagar.
It is proposed to construct both the upper and lower reservoir at suitable location to utilise the
head available due to topography of the location
6.2 Dangari Pumped Storage Project - Present Proposal

15
Accordingly, the lower reservoir is to be constructed with a dam to impound the water in Geor
nadi. The FRL and MDDL of the proposed lower reservoir is El. 749.0 m and El. 739.0 m
respectively with a gross and live storage of 11.14 MCM and 8.77 MCM respectively.
The proposed artificial upper reservoir is envisaged to be constructed as bund to impound the
water for generation and pumping operation. The proposed upper reservoir has FRL and MDDL
level of El. 1134.0 m and El. 1121.0 m respectively with a gross and live storage of 9.59 MCM
and 8.77 MCM respectively.
The proposed project will generate 1400 MW of power by utilizing net design head of 374.00 m.
The water from the upper reservoir will be diverted through Power House and TRT to the
lower reservoir. The water will be pumped back to the upper reservoir through TRT-Reversible
Turbines-pressure shaft HRT to upper reservoir.
6.3 Dangari PSP - Upper Reservoir

The upper reservoir of pumped storage operation has a live storage capacity of 8.77 MCM. The
details are as under.
Table 6. 1 The upper reservoir of pumped storage operation has a live storage capacity
Particulars Elevation (m) Storage (million m3)

FRL El. 1134 9.59
Chapter – 6: Project Planning and Installed Capacity Page 1 of 4

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
MDDL El. 1121 0.82

Live Storage 8.77
The area capacity table of proposed upper reservoir is presented at Annexure-6.1.
6.4 Dangari PSP – Lower Reservoir

The lower reservoir of pumped storage operation has a live storage capacity of 8.77 MCM.
Table 6. 2 The lower reservoir of pumped storage operation has a live storage capacity
Particulars Elevation (m) Storage (million m3)

FRL El. 749 11.14
MDDL El. 739 2.37
Live Storage 8.77
The area capacity table of proposed lower reservoir is given at Annexure-6.2.
6.5 Operation Simulation

The operation simulation of the two reservoirs for pumped storage operation has been carried
out considering the storage characteristics. The simulation has been carried out considering a
shorter time interval of 10 minutes to take into account the level variations in the two reservoirs.
6.5.1 Generator Turbine Efficiency
The efficiency of the pump-turbine unit during generating mode is adopted as 89% and during
the pumping mode is adopted as 92%.
6.5.2 Losses in the Water Conductor System
The losses in the water conductor system have been considered as 10 m in generating mode
and 7 m in pumping mode.
6.6 Operation Simulation Studies

For Generation -
The simulation studies have been carried out for the initial reservoir levels as under.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table 6. 3 Upper Reservoir at FRL and Lower Reservoir at MDDL
Reservoir Initial Reservoir Level

Upper reservoir FRL El. 1134 m
Lower reservoir MDDL El. 739 m
The results of the simulation studies for generating mode are given in Annexure- 6.3 and
summarized below.
 At the beginning of the generation, the Upper reservoir is at FRL El. 1134 m. The
reservoir draws down to El. 1121 m in 5 hours and 40 minutes of full load operation
representing a drawdown of 13 m.
 The storage utilized for operation is 8.77 million m3.
 At the start of generation, the Lower reservoir is at its MDDL 739 m.
 The energy generation during the period is 7933.33 MWh.
 The average net head in 10-minute interval varies during the operation from 362.35 m
to 384.58 m.
For Pumping –
The simulation studies have been carried out for the initial reservoir levels as under.
Table 6. 4 Upper Reservoir at MDDL and Lower Reservoir at FRL
Reservoir Initial Reservoir Level

Upper reservoir MDDL El. 1121 m
Lower reservoir FRL El. 749 m
The results of the simulation studies for pumping mode are given in Annexure- 6.4 and
summarized below.
 At the beginning of the pumping operation, the Upper reservoir is at MDDL El. 1121 m.
The reservoir fills up to El. 1134 m in 6 hours and 34.7 minutes of full load operation
representing a filling of 13 M.
 The storage utilized for operation is 8.77 million m3.
 At the start of pumping, the Lower reservoir is at FRL of Dangari main reservoir 749 m.
 The energy consumed during the period is 10130.63 MWh.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
6.7 Conclusion
In view of the above, the project would provide peaking capacity of 1400 MW for 5 hours 40
minutes block in one cycle of operation with annual energy of 2895.67 GWh.
Moreover, the project would consume power during pumping operation in the tune of 3697.68
GWh annually and shall lift required water in 6 hours 34.7 min.
The cycle efficiency of the project is the ratio of energy generation and energy consumed in
pumping. The same has been worked out as is 78.31 %.
GENERATION PUMPING
Operation Annual
Annual Design Energy
Cycle in a Peaking Energy
Energy with 95% Pumping Hours
day Hours required
(GWh) availability (GWh)
(GWh)
5 Hrs 40
1-Cycle 2895.67 2750.88 3697.68 6 hours 34.7 min
Min
8 Hrs 30
1.5-Cycle 4343.5 4126.325 5546.52 9 Hrs 52.05 min
Min
In view of the above, it is recommended to develop the proposed PSP considering the one and
half cycle per day with daily regulation of upper & lower reservoir.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 6.1
Chapter-6: Project Planning and Installed Capacity

Annexure-6.1
Area Capacity Table Upper Dam
Contour Value Area Com. Capacity

S. No.
(m) (ha) (MCM)
1 1119 0.00 0.00

2 1120 61.20 0.204
3 1121 62.01 0.820
4 1122 62.83 1.444
5 1123 63.65 2.077
6 1124 64.48 2.717
7 1125 65.31 3.366
8 1126 66.15 4.024
9 1127 66.99 4.689
10 1128 67.83 5.363
11 1129 68.68 6.046
12 1130 69.53 6.737
13 1131 70.38 7.436
14 1132 71.24 8.145
15 1133 72.10 8.861
16 1134 72.97 9.587
17 1135 73.84 10.321
18 1136 74.72 11.064
19 1137 75.60 11.815
20 1138 76.48 12.575
21 1139 77.36 13.345
22 1140 78.26 14.123
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 6.2

Annexure-6.2
Area Capacity Table Lower Dam

S. No.
(m) (ha) (MCM)
1 725 0.00 0.00

2 726 0.33 0.001
3 727 0.74 0.006
4 728 1.97 0.019
5 729 3.28 0.045
6 730 5.94 0.091
7 731 9.10 0.165
8 732 12.37 0.272
9 733 16.07 0.414
10 734 20.57 0.597
11 735 26.68 0.832
12 736 32.51 1.128
13 737 38.40 1.482
14 738 44.28 1.895
15 739 51.22 2.372
16 740 58.23 2.919
17 741 64.80 3.534
18 742 72.47 4.220
19 743 79.53 4.980
20 744 87.16 5.813
21 745 94.75 6.722
22 746 101.74 7.704
23 747 109.51 8.760
24 748 117.22 9.894
25 749 125.96 11.109
26 750 134.53 12.412
27 751 142.01 13.794
28 752 149.10 15.250
29 753 156.34 16.777
30 754 166.16 18.389
31 755 173.54 20.087
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 6.3

Annexure-6.3
Dangari Pumped Storage Project (1400 MW)
Generation Operation Simulation Studies

Operating Levels and Storage available at Reservoirs Scenario: Operating Levels after Operation Simulation
Initial Levels of Reservoirs
Upper reservoir Lower reservoir Upper reservoir Lower reservoir
Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage Level Level Storage
m MCM m MCM m MCM m m (MCM)
Upper Reservoir at FRL - PS

FRL 1134 9.587 FRL 749 11.14 1134 9.587 Operation
1134.00 9.59 FRL - PS Operation 749.00 11.14
FRL
Lower Reservoir at MDDL- PS
MDDL 1121 0.820 MDDL 739 2.37 739 2.37 Operation
1121.0 0.817 MDDL- PS Operation 739.00 2.37
MDDL
Pondage for PS Pondage for PS
Live Storage 8.77 Live Storage 8.77 8.77 8.77
Operation Operation
Upper Pond Lower Pond

Energy
Interval Time Interval Station Discharge
Average Average Net Head (m) Generation
No (Minutes) Output (MW) (cumecs) Initial Pond Outflow from Final Storage Average Pond Level Inflow into Pond Storage after Final Pond
Final Pond Level (m) Initial Pond Level (m) Pond Level (MWh)
Level (m) Pond (MCum) (MCM) (m) (MCum) operation Level (m)
(m)
1 10 1400 416.95 1134.00 0.25 9.34 1133.66 1133.89 739.00 0.25 2.62 739.46 739.30 384.58 233.33
2 10 1400 417.82 1133.66 0.25 9.09 1133.31 1133.54 739.46 0.25 2.87 739.92 739.76 383.78 233.33
3 10 1400 418.67 1133.31 0.25 8.83 1132.96 1133.19 739.92 0.25 3.12 740.33 740.19 383.00 233.33
4 10 1400 419.50 1132.96 0.25 8.58 1132.61 1132.85 740.33 0.25 3.38 740.74 740.61 382.24 233.33
5 10 1400 420.33 1132.61 0.25 8.33 1132.26 1132.49 740.74 0.25 3.63 741.14 741.01 381.49 233.33
6 10 1400 421.13 1132.26 0.25 8.08 1131.91 1132.14 741.14 0.25 3.88 741.51 741.38 380.76 233.33
7 10 1400 421.93 1131.91 0.25 7.83 1131.55 1131.79 741.51 0.25 4.13 741.87 741.75 380.04 233.33
8 10 1400 422.72 1131.55 0.25 7.57 1131.19 1131.43 741.87 0.25 4.39 742.22 742.10 379.32 233.33
9 10 1400 423.50 1131.19 0.25 7.32 1130.83 1131.07 742.22 0.25 4.64 742.55 742.44 378.63 233.33
10 10 1400 424.28 1130.83 0.25 7.06 1130.47 1130.71 742.55 0.25 4.90 742.89 742.78 377.93 233.33
11 10 1400 425.06 1130.47 0.26 6.81 1130.10 1130.34 742.89 0.26 5.15 743.21 743.10 377.24 233.33
12 10 1400 425.82 1130.10 0.26 6.55 1129.73 1129.98 743.21 0.26 5.41 743.51 743.41 376.57 233.33
13 10 1400 426.58 1129.73 0.26 6.30 1129.36 1129.61 743.51 0.26 5.66 743.82 743.72 375.89 233.33
14 10 1400 427.35 1129.36 0.26 6.04 1128.99 1129.24 743.82 0.26 5.92 744.12 744.02 375.22 233.33
15 10 1400 428.10 1128.99 0.26 5.78 1128.62 1128.87 744.12 0.26 6.18 744.40 744.30 374.56 233.33
16 10 1400 428.86 1128.62 0.26 5.53 1128.24 1128.49 744.40 0.26 6.43 744.68 744.59 373.90 233.33
17 10 1400 429.62 1128.24 0.26 5.27 1127.86 1128.11 744.68 0.26 6.69 744.97 744.87 373.24 233.33
18 10 1400 430.37 1127.86 0.26 5.01 1127.48 1127.73 744.97 0.26 6.95 745.23 745.14 372.59 233.33
19 10 1400 431.12 1127.48 0.26 4.75 1127.09 1127.35 745.23 0.26 7.21 745.49 745.41 371.94 233.33
20 10 1400 431.87 1127.09 0.26 4.49 1126.70 1126.96 745.49 0.26 7.47 745.76 745.67 371.29 233.33
21 10 1400 432.63 1126.70 0.26 4.23 1126.31 1126.57 745.76 0.26 7.73 746.02 745.93 370.64 233.33
22 10 1400 433.38 1126.31 0.26 3.97 1125.92 1126.18 746.02 0.26 7.99 746.27 746.19 370.00 233.33
23 10 1400 434.13 1125.92 0.26 3.71 1125.53 1125.79 746.27 0.26 8.25 746.51 746.43 369.36 233.33
24 10 1400 434.89 1125.53 0.26 3.45 1125.13 1125.39 746.51 0.26 8.51 746.76 746.68 368.71 233.33
25 10 1400 435.65 1125.13 0.26 3.19 1124.73 1125.00 746.76 0.26 8.77 747.01 746.93 368.07 233.33
26 10 1400 436.41 1124.73 0.26 2.93 1124.32 1124.59 747.01 0.26 9.03 747.24 747.16 367.43 233.33
27 10 1400 437.16 1124.32 0.26 2.67 1123.92 1124.19 747.24 0.26 9.29 747.47 747.39 366.80 233.33
28 10 1400 437.93 1123.92 0.26 2.40 1123.51 1123.78 747.47 0.26 9.56 747.70 747.62 366.16 233.33
29 10 1400 438.70 1123.51 0.26 2.14 1123.10 1123.37 747.70 0.26 9.82 747.93 747.86 365.51 233.33
30 10 1400 439.46 1123.10 0.26 1.88 1122.68 1122.96 747.93 0.26 10.08 748.15 748.08 364.88 233.33
31 10 1400 440.22 1122.68 0.26 1.61 1122.26 1122.54 748.15 0.26 10.35 748.36 748.29 364.25 233.33
32 10 1400 440.98 1122.26 0.26 1.35 1121.84 1122.12 748.36 0.26 10.61 748.58 748.51 363.62 233.33
33 10 1400 441.75 1121.84 0.27 1.08 1121.42 1121.70 748.58 0.27 10.88 748.79 748.72 362.98 233.33
34 10 1400 442.53 1121.42 0.27 0.82 1120.99 1121.28 748.79 0.27 11.14 749.00 748.93 362.35 233.33
340.00 8.77 8.77 7933.33
Operation Time 5.67 Or 5 Hours 40 minutes

Head Loss 10 M
Generation mode efficiency 0.89
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 6.4

Annexure-6.4
Dangari Pumped Storage Project (1400 MW)
Pumping Operation Simulation Studies

Operating Levels and Storage available at Reservoirs Scenario: Operating Levels after Operation Simulation
Initial Levels
Upper reservoir Lower reservoir Upper reservoir Lower reservoir
Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage Level Storage
m MCM m MCM m MCM m (MCM) m (MCM)
Upper Reservoir at FRL - PS
FRL 1134 9.587 FRL 749 11.14 1121 0.820 1134.00 9.59 FRL - PS Operation 749.00 11.14
MDDL Operation
Lower Reservoir at MDDL- PS
MDDL 1121 0.820 MDDL 739 2.37 749 11.14 1121.00 0.82 MDDL- PS Operation 738.99 2.37
FRL Operation
Pondage for PS Pondage for PS
Live Storage 8.77 Live Storage 8.77 8.77 8.77
Operation Operation
Upper Pond Lower Pond

Energy
Interval Time Interval Station Discharge
Average Average Net Head (m) Consumed
No (Minutes) Output (MW) (cumecs) Initial Pond Outflow from Final Storage Average Pond Level Inflow into Pond Storage after Final Pond
Final Pond Level (m) Initial Pond Level (m) Pond Level (MWh)
Level (m) Pond (MCum) (MCM) (m) (MCum) operation Level (m)
(m)
1 10 1540 380.76 1121.00 0.23 1.05 1121.37 1121.24 749.00 0.23 10.91 748.82 748.94 379.31 256.67
2 10 1540 380.21 1121.37 0.23 1.28 1121.73 1121.61 748.82 0.23 10.68 748.63 748.76 379.85 256.67
3 10 1540 379.66 1121.73 0.23 1.50 1122.10 1121.97 748.63 0.23 10.45 748.45 748.57 380.40 256.67
4 10 1540 379.12 1122.10 0.23 1.73 1122.45 1122.33 748.45 0.23 10.23 748.27 748.39 380.95 256.67
5 10 1540 378.58 1122.45 0.23 1.96 1122.81 1122.69 748.27 0.23 10.00 748.09 748.21 381.49 256.67
6 10 1540 378.04 1122.81 0.23 2.19 1123.17 1123.05 748.09 0.23 9.77 747.89 748.02 382.03 256.67
7 10 1540 377.50 1123.17 0.23 2.41 1123.52 1123.40 747.89 0.23 9.55 747.69 747.83 382.58 256.67
8 10 1540 376.96 1123.52 0.23 2.64 1123.87 1123.75 747.69 0.23 9.32 747.49 747.63 383.13 256.67
9 10 1540 376.42 1123.87 0.23 2.86 1124.22 1124.10 747.49 0.23 9.09 747.30 747.43 383.68 256.67
10 10 1540 375.88 1124.22 0.23 3.09 1124.57 1124.45 747.30 0.23 8.87 747.10 747.23 384.23 256.67
11 10 1540 375.34 1124.57 0.23 3.32 1124.92 1124.80 747.10 0.23 8.64 746.89 747.03 384.78 256.67
12 10 1540 374.81 1124.92 0.22 3.54 1125.26 1125.15 746.89 0.22 8.42 746.68 746.82 385.33 256.67
13 10 1540 374.27 1125.26 0.22 3.76 1125.61 1125.49 746.68 0.22 8.19 746.46 746.61 385.89 256.67
14 10 1540 373.73 1125.61 0.22 3.99 1125.95 1125.83 746.46 0.22 7.97 746.25 746.39 386.44 256.67
15 10 1540 373.20 1125.95 0.22 4.21 1126.28 1126.17 746.25 0.22 7.75 746.04 746.18 386.99 256.67
16 10 1540 372.67 1126.28 0.22 4.44 1126.62 1126.51 746.04 0.22 7.52 745.82 745.97 387.54 256.67
17 10 1540 372.13 1126.62 0.22 4.66 1126.96 1126.84 745.82 0.22 7.30 745.59 745.74 388.10 256.67
18 10 1540 371.59 1126.96 0.22 4.88 1127.29 1127.18 745.59 0.22 7.08 745.36 745.51 388.66 256.67
19 10 1540 371.06 1127.29 0.22 5.11 1127.62 1127.51 745.36 0.22 6.85 745.13 745.29 389.22 256.67
20 10 1540 370.53 1127.62 0.22 5.33 1127.95 1127.84 745.13 0.22 6.63 744.90 745.06 389.78 256.67
21 10 1540 369.99 1127.95 0.22 5.55 1128.27 1128.16 744.90 0.22 6.41 744.66 744.82 390.35 256.67
22 10 1540 369.45 1128.27 0.22 5.77 1128.60 1128.49 744.66 0.22 6.19 744.41 744.57 390.91 256.67
23 10 1540 368.92 1128.60 0.22 5.99 1128.92 1128.81 744.41 0.22 5.97 744.17 744.33 391.48 256.67
24 10 1540 368.38 1128.92 0.22 6.21 1129.24 1129.14 744.17 0.22 5.75 743.92 744.09 392.05 256.67
25 10 1540 367.84 1129.24 0.22 6.43 1129.56 1129.46 743.92 0.22 5.52 743.65 743.83 392.62 256.67
26 10 1540 367.30 1129.56 0.22 6.65 1129.88 1129.77 743.65 0.22 5.30 743.39 743.57 393.21 256.67
27 10 1540 366.75 1129.88 0.22 6.87 1130.20 1130.09 743.39 0.22 5.08 743.13 743.30 393.79 256.67
28 10 1540 366.21 1130.20 0.22 7.09 1130.51 1130.41 743.13 0.22 4.86 742.85 743.03 394.37 256.67
29 10 1540 365.66 1130.51 0.22 7.31 1130.83 1130.72 742.85 0.22 4.65 742.56 742.75 394.97 256.67
30 10 1540 365.10 1130.83 0.22 7.53 1131.14 1131.03 742.56 0.22 4.43 742.27 742.46 395.57 256.67
31 10 1540 364.55 1131.14 0.22 7.75 1131.45 1131.34 742.27 0.22 4.21 741.98 742.17 396.17 256.67
32 10 1540 363.99 1131.45 0.22 7.97 1131.75 1131.65 741.98 0.22 3.99 741.66 741.88 396.77 256.67
33 10 1540 363.42 1131.75 0.22 8.19 1132.06 1131.96 741.66 0.22 3.77 741.35 741.56 397.40 256.67
34 10 1540 362.85 1132.06 0.22 8.41 1132.36 1132.26 741.35 0.22 3.55 741.03 741.24 398.02 256.67
35 10 1540 362.28 1132.36 0.22 8.62 1132.67 1132.57 741.03 0.22 3.34 740.68 740.91 398.66 256.67
36 10 1540 361.68 1132.67 0.22 8.84 1132.97 1132.87 740.68 0.22 3.12 740.33 740.56 399.31 256.67
37 10 1540 361.09 1132.97 0.22 9.06 1133.27 1133.17 740.33 0.22 2.90 739.97 740.21 399.96 256.67
38 10 1540 360.49 1133.27 0.22 9.27 1133.568 1133.47 739.97 0.22 2.69 739.57 739.84 400.63 256.67
39 10 1540 359.87 1133.57 0.22 9.49 1133.86 1133.77 739.57 0.22 2.47 739.18 739.44 401.32 256.67
40 4.7 1540 359.41 1133.86 0.10 9.59 1134.00 1133.96 739.18 0.10 2.37 738.99 739.12 401.84 120.63
394.7 8.77 8.77 10130.63
Operation Time 6.58 Or 6 Hours 34.7 minutes

Head Loss 7 M
Pumping mode efficiency 0.92
CHAPTER-7
DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
`
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER – 7....................................................................................................................... 1
DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES ...................................................................................... 1
7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1
7.2 RESERVOIR .......................................................................................................... 1
7.2.1 ELEVATION-STORAGE/ AREA CAPACITY CURVE ............................................2
7.3 TYPE OF DAM ...................................................................................................... 3
7.3.1 INITIAL SCREENING ............................................................................................. 4
7.3.2 EARTH CORE ROCK-FILL DAM (ECRD) ...............................................................4
7.3.3 CONCRETE GRAVITY DAM .................................................................................. 5
7.3.4 COMPOSITE DAM (ROCK-FILL DAM WITH CONCRETE SPILLWAY) ................. 5
7.4 SELECTION OF LAYOUT - GENERAL .................................................................. 7
7.5 ALTERNATIVE LAYOUT STUDIES ...................................................................... 8
7.6 DESIGN OF PROJECT COMPONENTS: ............................................................. 13
7.6.1 DAM AND SPILLWAY: ......................................................................................... 13
7.6.1.1 UPPER DAM ........................................................................................................ 13
7.6.1.2 LOWER DAM ....................................................................................................... 13
7.6.2 WATERWAYS & POWERHOUSE ........................................................................ 13
7.6.2.1 POWER INTAKE ................................................................................................. 14
7.6.2.1.1 DESIGN CRITERIA ............................................................................................. 14
7.6.2.1.2 HYDRAULIC DESIGN CRITERIA ....................................................................... 15
7.6.2.2 HEAD RACE TUNNEL (HRT) & PRESSURE SHAFT .......................................... 15
7.6.2.3 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 15
7.6.2.4 TAIL RACE TUNNEL (TRT) ................................................................................. 17
7.6.2.5 POWERHOUSE COMPLEX ................................................................................ 17
Chapter – 7: Design of Civil Structures Page i

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 7. 1: MAIN FEATURES OF THE RESERVOIRS .......................................................2
TABLE 7. 2: AREA CAPACITY CURVE UPPER DAM ..........................................................2
TABLE 7. 3: AREA CAPACITY CURVE LOWER DAM ......................................................... 3
TABLE 7. 4: SALIENT FEATURES FOR UPPER & LOWER DAM ....................................... 4
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 7. 1: GENERAL OUTLINE MAP- ALTERNATE-1..................................................09
FIGURE 7. 2: GENERAL OUTLINE MAP- ALTERNATE-2.................................................. 10
FIGURE 7. 3: GENERAL OUTLINE MAP- ALTERNATE-3.................................................. 11
FIGURE 7. 5: GENERAL LAYOUT PLAN ........................................................................... 12
Chapter – 7: Design of Civil Structures Page ii

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
CHAPTER – 7
DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES
7.1 Introduction
The project is being developed as a pumped storage project has been proposed with two
water conductor systems connecting Upper reservoir to lower reservoir. Both conductor
systems feed a common underground powerhouse. Installed capacity of the project is
envisaged as 1400 MW. The present chapter describes the various alternatives and design
features of various civil engineering structures proposed as part of the scheme. The main
components of the projects are:
 Upper dam (Bund type) is 3590m long rock-fill dam with clay core with maximum
height of 19m.
 Lower concrete dam 737m long with maximum height of 36m is to be

constructed to impound the water in Geor Nadi
 1 no. main intakes are proposed for two water conductor system.
 2 nos. pressure shaft connecting intake to power house
 Pressure shaft bifurcates after drop into 2 nos. smaller diameter penstock.
 Underground power house cavern housing 4 no. unit of 350 MW reversible Francis
pump turbine.
 Transformer cavern is located d/s of power house cavern.
 2 no. TRT (Concrete lined) connecting Power house to proposed Lower reservoir.
 To facilitate the construction and operation of the project components, suitable adits
and access roads have been proposed.
This chapter describes the alternatives considered and the arrangement selected considered
the available information on project location, topography, geology & hydrology.
The main project layouts and structure types considered which include dam type, location of
intake structure, and orientation of powerhouse complex.
7.2 Reservoir
The Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project envisages to be utilizing the newly
proposed upper dam for upper reservoir and lower concrete dam for lower reservoir. The
location of upper reservoir has been proposed on the basis of topographical features. The
levels of reservoirs have been proposed on basis of storage requirement for energy
Chapter – 7: Design of Civil Structures Page 1 of 18

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
generation and this requirement can be understood by the area capacity curves of both
reservoirs. It is estimated that about 9.59 MCM could be used for power generation. The
main features of the both the reservoirs are proposed in Table 7.1 below.
Table 7. 1: Main features of the reservoirs
Description Upper Reservoir Lower Reservoir

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 1134m 749m
Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) 1121m 739m
Gross Storage 9.59 Mm3 11.14 Mm3
Live Storage 8.77 Mm3 8.77 Mm3
Dead Storage 0.82 Mm3 2.37 Mm3
7.2.1 Elevation-Storage/ Area capacity curve
The area capacity curve of Upper and Lower Reservoir is given in Table no. 7.2 & 7.3.
Table 7. 2: Area Capacity Curve Upper Dam

S. No.
(m) (ha) (MCM)
1 1119 0.00 0.00

2 1120 61.20 0.204
3 1121 62.01 0.820
4 1122 62.83 1.444
5 1123 63.65 2.077
6 1124 64.48 2.717
7 1125 65.31 3.366
8 1126 66.15 4.024
9 1127 66.99 4.689
10 1128 67.83 5.363
11 1129 68.68 6.046
12 1130 69.53 6.737
13 1131 70.38 7.436
14 1132 71.24 8.145
15 1133 72.10 8.861
16 1134 72.97 9.587
17 1135 73.84 10.321
18 1136 74.72 11.064
19 1137 75.60 11.815
20 1138 76.48 12.575
21 1139 77.36 13.345
22 1140 78.26 14.123

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table 7. 3: Area Capacity Curve Lower Dam

S. No.
(m) (ha) (MCM)
1 725 0.00 0.00

2 726 0.33 0.001
3 727 0.74 0.006
4 728 1.97 0.019
5 729 3.28 0.045
6 730 5.94 0.091
7 731 9.10 0.165
8 732 12.37 0.272
9 733 16.07 0.414
10 734 20.57 0.597
11 735 26.68 0.832
12 736 32.51 1.128
13 737 38.40 1.482
14 738 44.28 1.895
15 739 51.22 2.372
16 740 58.23 2.919
17 741 64.80 3.534
18 742 72.47 4.220
19 743 79.53 4.980
20 744 87.16 5.813
21 745 94.75 6.722
22 746 101.74 7.704
23 747 109.51 8.760
24 748 117.22 9.894
25 749 125.96 11.109
26 750 134.53 12.412
27 751 142.01 13.794
28 752 149.10 15.250
29 753 156.34 16.777
30 754 166.16 18.389
31 755 173.54 20.087
7.3 Type of Dam
The selection of type of dam has been considerations mainly on the basis of topographical
features and its regional geology. It is also depends on the construction cost, availability of
construction materials nearby the project site, R&R issues etc. However, as the field
investigations progressed some of the dam types could be narrowed down without in-depth
cost analysis. The following dam types are adopted on the limited information available.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
The following dam types are considered for upper dams
 Earth Core Rock-fill Dam

 Concrete Gravity Dam
 Composite Dam (Rock-fill Dam with Concrete spillway)
7.3.1 Initial Screening
The preliminary selection of a particular type of dam will be dependent upon the following
key parameters:
 Geology of foundation and abutments

 Availability of Construction material
 Spillway Arrangement
 Suitable Sediment management
 Dam and appurtenant Structures
7.3.2 Earth Core Rock-fill Dam (ECRD)
The rock-fill dam with a central impervious core of glacial top upto top of dam at EL 1137.0m
is proposed for Upper dam. To construct the dam at upper dam location, material which is
excavated to form the upper reservoir shall be used. For rock-fill dam, the construction
design flood would have to be at least to be 1 in 25 year return period to ensure a
reasonable protection against overtopping. The cofferdam could be incorporated into the
main dam. For diversion of design flood, diversion tunnel/ bottom outlet is proposed to be
used to pass the flood, as the value is very less.
Dam slope of 2.50 H to 1.0 V on the downstream as well as upstream face is envisaged. It is
observed that suitable Rock-fill material can be generated from the upper dam & clay
material is available nearby the project site.
The advantage of rock-fill dam is that the sufficient construction material i.e., Rock-fill as well
as clay material is available near the project area which further helps in reducing the overall
cost of project. Another advantage is design flood, as the value is minimal which can easily
be taken care during construction by constructing the Bottom outlet/ box culvert also reduces
the cost of construction. A rock-fill dam has also advantageous in seismic behavior because
of his flexible nature.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
7.3.3 Concrete Gravity Dam
Another option of dam is concrete gravity dam and it is designed to hold back water by using
only the weight of the material and its resistance against the foundation to oppose the
horizontal pressure of water pushing against it. Gravity dams are designed so that each
section of the dam is stable and independent of any other dam section.
Concrete Dam of 737 m long for the Lower Reservoir is proposed having the FRL is El.
749.0 m and MDDL is El. 739.0 m has been proposed. The height of the concrete dam is
36m with gross storage of 11.14 MCM and Live Storage of 8.77 MCM.
The construction material for concrete dam is available near the project site. However,
material suitability will have to be confirmed by geotechnical investigation (i.e. material
testing) at later stage. A concrete dam would have the advantage of a compact layout as
compared to the ECRD, shorter length of diversion tunnel for river diversion, incorporation of
spillway eliminating the need to construct separate spillways and intake structures on the
abutments. The cost of construction is high for Concrete dam as compared to ECRD which
is main disadvantage.
7.3.4 Composite Dam (Rock-fill dam with Concrete Spillway)
The Composite dams are combination of one or more dam types. These type of dams are
generally proposed where river valley is considerable flat & length of diversion structure is
more. This type of dam is proposed mostly with large section of embankment dam i.e. rock-
fill with concrete dam portion for spillway or power intake. The main advantage of composite
dam is that it can handle high flood & sediment with help of concrete portion viz-a-viz
embankment portion reduces the construction cost. In addition, diversion flood during
construction can also be managed by diverting the half portion of the river therefore no need
to provide the additional structure for this aspect.
In our case, this type of dam is also not required as there is no such requirement of spillway
and no issue of sedimentation. Therefore, composite dam is not advantageous as compared
to ECRD.
On the basis of above studies, Earth Core Rock-fill Dam (ECRD) is proposed for upper dam
due to type, location of dam as well as less cost of construction due to availability of
construction material. Concrete Dam is proposed for the Lower Reservoir.
The brief Salient features for Upper dam & Lower dam are as under:

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table 7. 4: Salient features for Upper & lower dam
UPPER DAM
Earth Core Rock-fill Dam (ECRD)
Dam Type -
Bund type
Design Flood (PMF) m3/s 18.4
Top of Dam m EL. 1137.0
Foundation Level m EL. 1120.0
Full Reservoir Level (FRL) m EL. 1134.0
Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) m EL. 1121.0
Length of Dam m 3590

Max. Height of dam from foundation
m 17.0
level
Accepted Foundation Level m 1120.0
Area of Submergence Sq Km.
Gross Storage at FRL MCM 9.59
Live Storage Capacity at FRL MCM 8.77
Dead Storage Capacity MCM 0.82
LOWER DAM
Dam Type - Concrete Dam
Design Flood (PMF) m3/s 3885.5
Top of Dam m EL. 752.0
Foundation Level m EL. 716.0
Full Reservoir Level (FRL) m EL. 749.0
Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) m EL. 739.0
Length of Dam m 737
Max. Height of dam from foundation
m 36
level
Accepted Foundation Level m 716.0
Area of Submergence Sq Km.
Gross Storage at FRL MCM 11.14
Live Storage Capacity at FRL MCM 8.77
Dead Storage Capacity MCM 2.37

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
7.4 Selection of Layout - General
The concept of pumped storage projects are broadly categorized in two types as under: -
 Closed-loop pumped storage projects are not continuously connected to a naturally-

flowing water feature.
 Open-loop pumped storage projects are continuously connected to a naturally-flowing

water feature.
In Closed loop systems, the upper reservoir or Lower reservoir or both reservoirs have little
or no natural drainage catchment basin. The upper basin is generally filled using water
pumped from the lower reservoir. Closed loop systems are often preferred because of the
fewer environmental impacts associated with these types of developments.
A water source nearby helps in providing the initial water required as well as replenishes any
water losses. Potential off-stream water sources can include groundwater, sea water, and
treated wastewater. The upper basin may also fill using water pumped from the lower
reservoir, if natural flow is not available.
The Proposed scheme is categorized as open-loop pump Storage type. The Upper
reservoir is proposed as an artificial reservoir at higher elevation to utilize the available
head between the reservoirs. Based on the preliminary study of the topography of the area,
there are three locations for upper reservoirs which have been identified at this stage.
However, it is proposed that a detailed study will be required during DPR stage to
further examine with extensive investigation and data with regard to topography and geology
etc.
Generally following key aspects make any PSP attractive from techno economic standpoint:
1. Topographical features: - If the topography offers high head makes scheme more
viable with less cost.
2. Installed Capacity: It is a generally considered that higher installed capacity

enhances overall economy of pumped storage project. PSP with installed capacity
less than 200 MW is generally not considered very economical.
3. Design Head: it is one of the most important criteria for selection of PSP for the
following reasons:
 Higher head results in lesser civil works like smaller height of dams, smaller size of
water conductor system and smaller power house complex.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
 Higher head results in smaller electro-mechanical components like smaller size of

turbine, smaller size of stator and other associated E&M components.
 Higher head require lesser pondage thus results in smaller reservoirs.
 It reduces overall requirement of land for various components of project like size of
HRT, TRT etc. together with reduction in quarry/borrow and dumping land
requirements.
 However, very little technical know-how is available in the world for handling a
project having head more than 800m. Therefore, range of head between 150m to
700m is preferable.
4. L/H Ratio: This aspect is very important in the evaluation of any PSP. Lesser L/H
ration has inherent multiple advantages. It generally results in low initial capital cost,
less head losses in WCS, reduction or absence of costly surge requirements and
better performance of E&M components.
Generally, for heads in the range of 150m to 250m the L/H ratio may be of the order of
4 to 6. For higher heads more than 250m to 450m it can be 6 to 10. For heads more
than 450m to 700m it can be up to 10 to 14.
5. Geological/geotechnical Setup: A good geological setup enables construction of

underground structures as well as for surface structures safely with less cost.
6. Transmission Networks: Easy access to electrical transmission networks and low-

cost power for pumping also supports the PSP schemes significantly.
7. Existing Reservoirs: Use of an existing reservoir one or both greatly supports in

reduction of the project cost with associated mitigation of adverse impact on
environment.
7.5 Alternative Layout studies
The proposed new lower reservoir is on Geor Nadi which drains water from catchment area
of 86.7 sq. km at dam location. The valley at location is narrow and suitable for impounding
the water by constructing a dam. Various alternatives have been examined to locate the
upper reservoir in order to keep the shortest water conductor system. Three possible
alternatives have been identified at the nearby hilltop in the vicinity of the lower reservoir.
Upper reservoir pondage can be created by constructing a dam and impounding water up to
a desired level behind the dam in the valley if topography permits or can be created
artificially using a bund of certain height if adequate plane surface area is available.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Technically there are two possible methods to create an artificial upper reservoir bund either
by constructing a bund of requisite height around the flat area available to create pondage
for the required generation or excavating a pit to certain depth to create pondage.
The Topography of the project reveals that, three peaks are available in the vicinity having
highest elevation is El. 1130 m and El. 1150 m. Two possible locations of the Upper
Reservoir namely Alternate-1 and Alternate-2 have been considered for optimizing the
project layout keeping upper reservoir as bund and selecting the best one.
Pondage through constructing a dam is wholly dependent upon topography of the area in
the vicinity of the lower reservoir; one such location has been studied in Alternate-3. The
detailed comparison between all the alternates are stated as under:
Alternate – 1
In this alternate, the upper reservoir is proposed at geographical co-ordinate 23°10'19.55"N

and 83°32'53.94"E near Rawai village on the left bank of the proposed lower reservoir. The
highest possible elevation is at EL.-1150.0 m on the hilltop. At this location the flat surface
area is inadequate to create required capacity in reservoir. Therefore, it is proposed to
create pondage through composite bund and pit type by excavating up to El. 1110 m and
constructing bund up to desired height for optimum live storage. The length of water
conductor is 3362 m starting from upper Intake to lower intake. The General outline Map for
Alternate-I is presented below:
377.67
Figure 7. 1: General Outline Map- Alternate-1
The gross head available in this alternate is 377.67m.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Alternate – 2
In this alternate, the upper reservoir is proposed at geographical co-ordinate 23°10' 56.40"N
and 83°36' 53.46"E at Dangari Pat. The highest possible elevation is at EL-1130m on the
hilltop. At this location the flat surface area is inadequate to create required capacity in
reservoir. Therefore, it is proposed to create pondage through composite bund and pit type
by excavating upto El. 1120m and constructing bund up to desired height for optimum live
storage. The length of water conductor is 3110 m starting from upper Intake to lower intake.
The General outline Map for Alternate-2 is presented below:
384.00
The gross head available in this alternate is 384 m and live storage is only 8.77 MCM.
Alternate –3
In this alternate, the upper reservoir is proposed at geographical co-ordinate 23°10'30.51"N

and 83°37'47.75" near Sulesha village beside Dangari Pat. The topography at this location is
valley shaped; hence dam is proposed to create pondage at elevation of El. 1065 m. Highest
elevation on one side of the valley is El. 1080m. Full reservoir level full reservoir is proposed
at EL.1076.4 m and MDDL at El. 1068.0 m with gross storage of 12.12 MCM and live
storage of 9.68 MCM. The length of water conductor is 5090 m starting from upper Intake to

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
lower intake. The gross head available in this alternate is 327.53 m. The General outline
Map for Alternate-3 is presented below:
327.53
The gross head available in this alternate is 327.53 m and live storage is 9.68 MCM.
A comparative preliminary analysis is presented below:
Dangari PSP
Lower Reservoir (New Proposed-Concrete Dam)
FRL (m) El. 749.0
MDDL (m) El. 739.0
Gross Storage (MCM) 11.14
Live Storage (MCM) 8.77
Upper Reservoir (New Proposed)
Alternate-1 Alternate-2 Alternate-3
Reservoir Type – Reservoir Type –
Reservoir
Bund & Pit Bund & Pit
Type – Dam
Combined Combined
Excavation Depth from top (m) 40 10 -
Proposed FRL El. 1129 El. 1134 El. 1075.8

Proposed MDDL El. 1112 El. 1121 El. 1068.0
Proposed Live Storage (MCM) 9.15 8.77 9.69
Gross Head (m) 377.67 384.00 327.53

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Dangari PSP
Tentative WCS Length (m) 3362 3110 5090
L/H Ratio 8.8 8 15.3
Proposed Installed Capacity (MW) 1500 1400 1400
Tentative Cost (incl. E&M) (in Cr.) 5697.36 5110.07 5722.7
Per MW Cost (in Cr) 3.8 3.65 4.09
Tentative Lev. Conversion Tariff
4.22 3.80 4.64
(Rs./kwh)
Conclusion:
Most prominent factors that govern from the techno-commercial and economic standpoint
are L/H ratio, Per MW cost and Levelised tariff. Keeping these factors in mind, from table
given above, most optimised alternate is coming out to be the Alternate-2 wrt. to L/H ratio as
well as per MW Cost. Therefore, Alternate-2 is more economical and is most optimum layout
for the project from topography, geology, hydrology, Land requirement & R&R issues.
However, detailed study of all identified alternative options may be taken up at DPR stage.
The actual excavation quantity and nature of slope stabilization measures will depend upon
the depth of bed rock and can be firmly assessed after carrying out sub surface explorations
through drill holes and other associated investigations. The General Layout plan of the
selected alternate i.e. Alternate -2 is shown below:
Figure 7. 4: General Layout Plan

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
7.6 Design of Project Components:
7.6.1 Dam and Spillway:
The upper dam structure is proposed Earthen Core Rock-fill Dam (ECRD) to create the
Upper reservoirs. For Upper Reservoir- Earthen Core Rock-fill Dam of 3590 m length with
the height of 17m is proposed with gross storage of 9.59 MCM.
7.6.1.1 Upper Dam
The Upper Dam has been considered bund type (Oval shape) with 3590m length at top.
From power potential study it was observed that to meet up the 5 hours and 40 minutes
peak generation of 1400 MW, 8.77 MCM Live storage is required. However, to create the
reservoir, excavation of the area upto EL 1120.0 is required along with a low height dam
(about 17m) is proposed to meet the storage requirement.
The top of dam has been fixed as 1137.00 m by taking suitable provision of free board for
rock fill dam. The length of dam is 3590m (Top of dam) & height of 17m, slopes of 2.50 H to
1 V on the downstream face and 2.50 H to 1 V on the upstream face are envisaged.
7.6.1.2 Lower Dam
The proposed new lower reservoir is on Geor Nadi which drains water from catchment area
of 86.7 sq. km at dam location. A Concrete Dam of 737 m long at Dam top and having the
FRL is El.-749.0 m and MDDL is El. 739.0 m has been proposed. The height of the concrete
dam is 36 m with gross storage of 11.14 MCM and Live Storage of 8.77 MCM. The top of
dam has been fixed as 752.00 m by taking suitable provision of free board for concrete dam.
7.6.2 Waterways & Powerhouse
 As for the intake and outlet, hydraulic design for both an intake and an outlet of a
pumped storage power plant isn’t stipulated in Indian Standards Code even though
hydraulic characteristic is different between a pumped storage power plant and a
conventional hydraulic power plant, so that they are proposed to be designed in a
similar manner as for Purulia Pumped Storage Project (PPSP) which is running
successfully, by means of a kind of guideline originated in research by Central
Research Institute of Electric Power Industry in Japan.
 The straight alignment of the water conductor system is fixed to reduce the length of
HRT & TRT. Moreover, no. of bends in HRT & TRT is also eliminated which in turns
helps in improving the overall efficiency of the project, as it is design to work not only
in generation mode, water is also required to pump back to upper reservoir from
lower reservoir in the pumping mode.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
 The location & orientation of Powerhouse is fixed on the basis of topography &
geology. The orientation of cavern is disposed in accordance with the foliation of the
powerhouse site & same will be confirmed by in situ testing i.e. Hydro fracture at later
stage. On the other hand, as for the vertical arrangement, Powerhouse is arranged in
such a way that rock cover on the powerhouse cavern is over twice of the height of
the cavern plus some allowance.
 As for the Tailrace, it is lined all along by reinforced concrete even though the Draft
Tunnel from the end of the Draft Tube Liner to the junction of the branches is steel-
lined.
 Both intake and tailrace outlet don’t affect upper and lower dams moreover it will not
infringe with the site topography.
Alignment and profile of the waterway is also one of major elements to be optimized in the
selection of optimum general layout, because it governs other layouts of structures such as
switchyard, access tunnel etc.
Following aspects are considered while finalizing the alignment of the waterway from the
intake to the tailrace outlet;
 Shortest possible Length of waterway.

 Bends are to be avoided as far as possible.
 Both intake and tailrace outlet are to be aligned in such a way that pumping and
generation mode have favorable flow characteristics.
 The rock cover on the powerhouse cavern has been kept more than twice of height of
the cavern for proper stability of the cavern.
7.6.2.1 Power Intake
The Intake Structure is designed to ensure smooth entry from the upper reservoir into the
Water Conductor System.
7.6.2.1.1 Design Criteria
The basic criteria adopted for design of the intake structure are:
i) Submergence: Adequate submergence of the intake centerline below the minimum

reservoir level (MDDL) is essential to prevent the vortices entering into the water
conductor system.
ii) Flow Velocity through trash racks: Flow velocity through trash racks is limited to
1.5m/s for mechanical cleaning of racks.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
7.6.2.1.2 Hydraulic Design Criteria
The hydraulic design criteria of a Pumped Storage Power Station aren’t specified in the
Indian Standard even though “Criteria for hydraulic Design of Hydropower Intakes (IS 9761)”
specifies criteria for a conventional hydraulic power station. As mentioned below, an intake
of a pumped storage power station has the following characteristics in difference from a
conventional hydraulic power station;
 An intake is to function as an intake as well as an outlet since directions in generating

and pumping modes are exact reverse even though hydraulic feature is quite different
between intake and discharge.
 There is a possibility of formation of vortex at intake, reason being that the water depth
is less between intake top & water surface when project operates at MDDL.
 It is difficult that water flow discharged from an inlet or outlet evenly diffuses into a
reservoir because flow velocity of a pumped storage power station is generally greater
than that of a conventional hydraulic power station.
The water conductor system of the PSP is worked in pressure condition. Therefore, inlet of
the PSP also comes to pressure type. Concerning vertical arrangement of an inlet for a
pressure conduit, it is generally said that water depth from sill of an inlet to the minimum
water level should be 1.5 to 2.0 times as high as internal diameter of the connecting
pressure conduit in order to prevent air from flowing into the pressure conduit.
7.6.2.2 Head Race Tunnel (HRT) & Pressure Shaft
One nos. of 80 m long and 11.4 m dia Head Race Tunnel (HRT) has been proposed. Actual
support system will be decided after geological investigations and analysis at DPR stage. Off
taking from concrete lined intake tunnel, 2 nos. steel lined pressure shaft of 6.7 m dia and
772 m long is also provided.
Four horizontal pressure tunnels have been proposed at the bottom. The length of horizontal
pressure tunnel will be about 110 m and 4.8m Dia. In general, rock-bolts and lining will be
required as support system. Actual support system will be decided after geological
investigations and analysis at DPR stage.
7.6.2.3 Transient Analysis
A surge tank serves two main functions in a hydropower system:
 To absorb the pressure rise occurring during the load rejection condition.
 To immediate fulfil the requirement of supply of water to the system during the
load acceptance condition.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
The need of surge tank is preliminary determined using following criteria:
 According to a thumb rule, surge tank is usually necessary for following

condition.
>5
Where,
L – Length of water conductor (HRT/TRT) (m)
H – Net head (m)
 Another criterion pertains to the acceleration time of the hydraulic system. The
acceleration time of a hydraulic system is given by the equation.
×
=
×
Where,
L – Length of water conductor (HRT/TRT) (m)
V – Velocity of flow in water conductor (m/s)
H – Net head (m)
g – Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
If the acceleration of a hydraulic system is less than 2 seconds, no surge tank is required in
the hydraulic system. For acceleration time between 2 and 5 seconds. Surge tank may be
provided for a stable operation of the system. For acceleration time greater than 5 sec, a
surge tank is almost always required.
In the present scenario, the necessity of the surge tank is assessed using the empirical
formulae given above.
HRT Branch
It is inferred that acceleration of a hydraulic system is less than 2 sec for the proposed
scheme, so no surge tank is required in the hydraulic system. The same may be confirmed
once the turbine pump parameters obtained from the manufacturer and after transient
analysis at the time of DPR Stage.

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
TRT Branch
In case of TRT, the acceleration of a hydraulic system is between 2 to 5 sec for the
proposed scheme, so no surge tank is proposed at this stage in the hydraulic system. The
same may be confirmed once the turbine pump parameters obtained from the manufacturer
and after transient analysis using WHAMO at the time of DPR Stage.
7.6.2.4 Tail Race Tunnel (TRT)
Two tunnels have been proposed as Tail Race Tunnel of 8.10 m diameter with 1958 m
length each. Both TRTs are connected with separate Outlet in lower reservoir area and other
side it is connected with draft tube after conversion.
Geometrical Parameters
 Finished shape : Circular, Concrete Lined
 Finished diameter : 8.10 m
 Length of TRTs : 1958 m
7.6.2.5 Powerhouse Complex
In this project, the powerhouse complex is comprising of powerhouse & transformer hall with
various construction adits and permanent access tunnels. The powerhouse for a pumped
storage power plant is placed underground in order to obtain enough suction head in
pumping up. A cavern for a powerhouse is larger than a tunnel, so that a cavern is to be
placed deeply under the ground with good geological condition.
On the other hand, regarding vertical arrangement, it goes without saying that the
powerhouse cavern is to be positioned with enough rock cover on the powerhouse cavern
for stability of the cavern. In this regard, the rock cover on the powerhouse cavern should be
more than twice of height of the cavern. As described later, height and crown elevation of the
powerhouse cavern are designed to be 50.0 m. The rock cover is more than 125 m, which is
almost 2.5 times as high as the height of the powerhouse cavern, so that the powerhouse
cavern is deemed to have enough rock cover.
An underground Power House (UGPH) of size 220m (L) x 23m (W) x 51.5m (H) for selected
alternate have been proposed for this project. The entrance to the underground Power
house cavern shall be through Main Access Tunnel (MAT) of D-Shaped having size 8m x
8m. The penstock for each generating unit would enter the power house horizontally making
an angle with the power house longitudinal direction and accommodate the main inlet valve
in the machine hall. The penstock for each unit will terminate into a distributor feeding the

(4 X 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
turbine nozzles. The center line of the horizontal penstocks entering the power house cavity
would be El. 692.50m in line with nozzles of the turbines. RCC columns are proposed for
supporting the EOT crane beam. A clearance of about 500mm has been provided between
the column edge and excavated rock surface to take care of the convergence of power
house walls.
The power house will have 4 Francis type vertical shaft reversible units of 350 MW each.
The design rated net head for turbine mode as 374.00 m and pumping mode as 391.00 m
has been assessed.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 7.1
Chapter-7: Design of Civil Structures

NOTES:-
1. ALL DIMENSIONS AND ELEVATIONS ARE IN
METER UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
2. NO DIMENSION SHALL BE MEASURED FROM

THE DRAWING AND ONLY WRITTEN
BUND, L-3590m, H-20m DIMENSION SHALL BE FOLLOW.
3. THIS IS PFR STAGE DRAWING. THE SAME

DAM TYPE-CONCRETE DAM WILL BE UPDATED DURING DPR.
MAIN
ACCE
SS TU
NNEL
(L-1450m
DAM AXIS ) D-SH
APED
8mx8m
PROPOSED
UPPER RESERVOIR
POWER HOUSE
GATE SHAFT
(L-220m x W-23m x H-51.5m)
PROPOSED UPPER INTAKE
LOWER RESERVOIR TRANSFORMER HALL
(L-190m x W-18m x H-24m)
6.70m Ø PRESSURE SHAFT

SURGE CHAMBER STEEL LINED L-772m.
2 NOs 8.10m Ø TAIL RACE TUNNEL 4 NOs 4.80m Ø HORIZONTAL

PENSTOCK (L-110m)
LOWER INTAKE GATE SHAFT
m
x7
7m
P ED
HA
S
D-
m)
49
-16
(L
T
CA
PO
YA THE
RD A D
DEGN. CHKD. SUBM.

DRAWN. REV. NO. APPRD.
DATED. AUGUST 2023 DRAWING NO. WAP/PFR/DANGARI/001
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 7.2
Chapter-7: Design of Civil Structures

NOTES:-
1. ALL DIMENSIONS AND ELEVATIONS ARE IN
METER UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
2. NO DIMENSION SHALL BE MEASURED FROM

THE DRAWING AND ONLY WRITTEN
DIMENSION SHALL BE FOLLOW.
3. THIS IS PFR STAGE DRAWING. THE SAME

WILL BE UPDATED DURING DPR.
UPPER GATE SHAFT

RESERVOIR UPPER
INTAKE
1150.00 BUND
FRL EL. 1136.00m NSL BUND
MDDL EL. 1121.00m NSL
1100.00
11.40mØ INTAKE TUNNEL
1050.00
NSL
1000.00
950.00
900.00 POWER HOUSE

2 NOs 6.70m Ø INCLINED
PRESSURE SHAFT (L- 772.0m) 220m(L) X 23m(W) X 51.5m(H) GATE SHAFT
850.00
4 NOs 4.80mØ HORIZONTAL TRANSFORMER HALL FRL EL. 750m
800.00 LOWER LOWER
PRESSURE SHAFT (L- 110m) 190m(L) X 18m(W) X 24m(H)
INTAKE RESERVOIR MDDL EL. 739m
750.00 SURGE CHAMBER NSL
700.00 EL. 692.50m

CENTER LINE OF TURBINE
2 NOs. 8.10m Ø TAIL RACE TUNNEL
650.00 6.70mØ DRAFT TUBE
(L - 110.00m)
600.00
550.00
500.00
450.00
400.00
350.00
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
1000.00
1200.00
1400.00
1600.00
1800.00
2000.00
2200.00
2400.00
2600.00
2800.00
3000.00
3200.00
3400.00
3600.00
3800.00
4000.00
0.00
800.00
400.00
600.00
200.00
L-SECTION
DEGN. CHKD. SUBM.

DRAWN. REV. NO. APPRD.
DATED. AUGUST 2023 DRAWING NO. WAP/PFR/DANGARI/002
CHAPTER-8
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL &
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
8.1 General ................................................................................................................... 1
8.2 Power House .......................................................................................................... 1
8.3 Brief Particulars of Pump-Turbine Equipment ......................................................... 3
8.3.1 Pump-Turbine ......................................................................................................... 3
8.3.2 Speed Governor ..................................................................................................... 4
8.3.3 Draft Tube Gates .................................................................................................... 5
8.4 Brief Particulars of Generator-Motor Equipment ...................................................... 5
8.4.1 Generator-Motor ..................................................................................................... 5
8.4.2 Excitation System and AVR .................................................................................... 6
8.4.3 Neutral Grounding Device for Generator-Motor....................................................... 7
8.4.4 LAVT System .......................................................................................................... 7
8.4.5 Motor Starting Method ............................................................................................ 7
8.5 Main Inlet Valve ...................................................................................................... 8
8.6 Oil Treatment and Storage Equipment .................................................................... 8
8.7 Compressed Air Supply System.............................................................................. 9
8.8 Cooling Water System ............................................................................................ 9
8.9 Dewatering and Water Drainage System ................................................................ 9
8.10 Generator-Motor Main Circuit .................................................................................. 9
8.11 Transformer Main Step-Up.................................................................................... 10
8.11.1 Type and Rating ................................................................................................... 10
8.11.2 Surge Arrester for main Step-Up Transformer....................................................... 11
8.11.3 Neutral Earthing of Main Step-Up Transformer ..................................................... 11
8.12 Cables and Accessories........................................................................................ 11
8.13 420 kV GIS/Outdoor Switch Yard .......................................................................... 11
8.14 Control and Protection System.............................................................................. 11
8.14.1 Control System ..................................................................................................... 12
8.14.2 Protection System ................................................................................................. 12
8.15 D.C. Supply System .............................................................................................. 13
8.16 AC Electrical Auxiliaries Supply System................................................................ 13
8.16.1 Station Service Power........................................................................................... 13
8.16.2 Motor Control Centre (MCC) ................................................................................. 13
8.17 Grounding System ................................................................................................ 13
Chapter – 8: Design of Electro-Mechanical Equipments Page i

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
8.18 EOT Crane ........................................................................................................... 14

8.19 Fire Protection System .......................................................................................... 14
8.20 Air Conditioning & Ventilation System ................................................................... 14
8.21 Illumination System ............................................................................................... 15
8.22 PLCC Equipment .................................................................................................. 15
8.23 Communication System & Surveillance System .................................................... 15
8.24 Electrical Equipment Testing Laboratory ............................................................... 15
8.25 Mechanical Workshop........................................................................................... 15
8.26 Lift......................................................................................................................... 16
8.27 Power Evacuation Arrangement............................................................................ 16
Chapter – 8: Design of Electro-Mechanical Equipments Page ii

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
CHAPTER-8
DESIGN OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT’S
8.1 General
The pumped storage scheme consists of an upper and lower reservoir connected with a
water conductor system through an underground power house complex equipped with
desired numbers of Generator-Motor and Pump-Turbine units. The Underground power
house of Dangari Pumped Storage scheme will have Four (4) nos. Pump-Turbine units of
350 MW each along with all the auxiliary system such as cooling water system, compressed
air system, potable water supply system, fire protection system, ventilation and air
conditioning system, illumination system, HT&LT AC and DC systems etc.
8.2 Power House
The entrance to the Machine Hall cavern will be through Main Access Tunnel (MAT). The
Main Transformer Hall cavern will be placed on the downstream of main power house
cavern.
The approximate size of the machine hall cavern will be 220 m length (including service bay
and control block), 23 m width and 51.5 m height.
The auxiliary rooms shall be located at different floors with the main control room / block
placed on the Unit – 1 side of the machine hall cavern. Control room, Model / Conference
room, Engineers room, room for 220 V DC system, HVAC equipment, mechanical workshop
etc. shall be located in these auxiliary rooms.
Approximate size of Transformer Hall Cavern will be 190 m length, 18.00 m width and 24 m
height (Including GIS).
The floor wise equipment layout plan is as stated below:
Machine Hall Floor at EL 706.00 m

 Phase Reversal Switches along with Generator Circuit Breakers (GCB) which will be
installed and connected through Isolated Phase Bus Duct (IPBD)
 Main Transformers will be installed at the Transformer cavern
Generator-Motor Floor at EL 701.00 m
Chapter – 8: Design of Electro-Mechanical Equipments Page 1 of 16

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
 Unit Control Boards (UCBs), Unit Auxiliary Boards (UABs)
 LT Distribution board with Dry Type Transformers
 Neutral Grounding Cubicles, Excitation Transformers and Panels
 Lubrication system etc.
Pump-Turbine Floor at EL 696.00 m

 Compressed Air System
 Oil Pressure Units for Governors
 Other Pump-Turbine Auxiliaries
Main Inlet Valve (MIV) Floor at EL 689.00 m

 Cooling Water Pumps
 Dewatering & Drainage Pumps
 Flood Water Pumps.
 Dewatering, Drainage and Flood Water Control Blocks
Drainage & Dewatering Gallery Floor at EL 679.50 m

 Dewatering Sump – Draft tubes will be connected with this sump through a network
of valves & pipes.
 Drainage Sump – Seepage and drainage from various floors of power house will be
collected to this sump.
24 kV Isolated Phase Bus Ducts (IPBD) interconnecting machine hall Floor with the
Transformer cavern will be laid in individual bus duct tunnel of respective units. LAVT
cubicles, Station Service (Auxiliary) connections with IPB shall also be installed in these
tunnels. Beside these four Bus Duct Tunnels, two (02) additional tunnels (One at the
extended part of MAT on Service Bay side and other on Unit–4 side) will be provided for
inter-connecting Machine Hall cavern with Transformer Hall.
One cable tunnel of adequate size will be provided to accommodate 400 kV XLPE cables for
transmitting power between Pothead Yard and 420 kV GIS / 400 kV Switchyard.
The access to turbine pit will be from pump-turbine Floor. Necessary hatches for erection
and removal of MIV will be provided at various floors in the machine hall cavern.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
The Main Access Tunnel (MAT) and Construction Adit Tunnel for the power house cavern
shall be utilized as ventilation tunnel afterward
Two nos. of 340/50/10 Tonnes EOT Crane shall be installed in the power house cavern for
tandem operation. One no. of 10T EOT Crane shall be installed in the GIS hall for handling
the GIS equipment. One no. 50T EOT crane shall be installed in Transformer cavern for
handling of Draft tube gates.
8.3 Brief Particulars of Pump-Turbine Equipment
8.3.1 Pump-Turbine
The Pump-turbine shall be of vertical shaft reversible Francis type coupled to Generator-
Motor. 4 nos. of the Francis pump-turbine set each of 350 MW output rating while operating
under rated head shall be installed.
The details of the hydraulic system of the generating units are as given below:
i) Upper Reservoir Levels

a) Full Reservoir Level (FRL) : El. 1134.00 m
b) Minimum Drawdown Level (MDDL) : El. 1121.00 m
ii) Lower Reservoir Levels

a) Full Reservoir Level (FRL) : El. 749.00 m
b) Minimum Drawdown Level (MDDL) : El. 739.00 m
(iii) Head Loss

a) Turbine mode : 10.00 m
b) Pump mode : 7.00 m
iii) Head range as Turbine

a) Maximum Head : 385.00 m
b) Minimum head : 362.00 m
c) Net design Head : 374.00 m

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
iv) Operating Head range as Pump

a) Maximum Head : 402.00 m
b) Minimum head : 379.00 m
c) Net design Head : 391.00 m
v) Turbine Basic Data

a) Rated Output at rated head of 374.00 m : 355.33 MW
b) Turbine Output at 10% overload operation : 385.00 MW
c) Specific Speed : 126.71 rpm
d) Rated Speed : 300 rpm
e) Rated Discharge at rated head : 106.66 m3/sec
f) Turbine center Line : 692.50 m
vi) Pump Basic Data

a) Specific speed at net pump head : 27 m- m3/sec
b) Rated speed : 300 rpm
The Pump-Turbine shall be designed to have output of 0 to 100% rated output at the head
ranges as specified above. And a stable pumping mode shall be obtainable within the design
pump head specified above without pressure fluctuation and/or other faults. A design of
highest efficiency for both turbine and pump shall be made.
The unit shall also be capable of operating in Spinning Reserve or Synchronous Condenser
mode. To facilitate the same, necessary water supply system for runner gaps shall be
provided. The machine shall be capable of Line Charging operation including charging of
one Transmission line during total grid failure, towards restoration of grid power.
8.3.2 Speed Governor
Quantity: Four (4) sets
In pumping operation, the pump speed is governed by the motor, as the speed regulator
circuit is not used. The speed governor shall continuously actuate and adjust the opening of
guide vanes, initiated by the gate opening control device and water level measuring devices
installed in the sequence control equipment, to obtain the best pumping efficiency

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
corresponded with the pump head.
In generating operation, the speed governor shall be capable of automatic frequency control
devices, deflective line control and guide vanes setting operation.
The electro-hydraulic governor shall have stable and accurate operation characteristics with
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) function. It shall be designed to have high sensitivity
and high response characteristics.
Necessary protective devices including relays and contacts for control and alarm to lock the
actuator and for quick stop of pump-turbine shall be provided in case of drop of hydraulic oil
pressure for actuator, speed signal generator failure, DC power source failure or governor
trouble. Whenever detecting the speed rise, the governor shall immediately send a closing
signal of guide vane to make the speed stable regardless of the position of generator / motor
circuit breaker and other control signals to the governor.
The oil pressure supply system shall be used for operation of the pump-turbine controlled by
the speed governor.
8.3.3 Draft Tube Gates
Individual hoisting mechanism shall be provided for draft tube gate of each unit for quick
closing, under the unbalanced condition of water pressure.
8.4 Brief Particulars of Generator-Motor Equipment
8.4.1 Generator-Motor
The Generator-Motor will be three phase alternating current synchronous generator motor of
rotating field, vertical shaft type. Each of the four Generator-Motors shall have the following
characteristics:
(a) Generator
i) Rated capacity 350.00 MW

ii) Power factor 0.85 lagging
iii) Rated terminal voltage between phases 21 kV ± 10%
iv) Frequency 50 Hz
v) Phase 3

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
vi) Synchronous Speed 300 rpm

vii) Range of frequency 50 Hz ± 3%
viii) Type of Generator-Motor Suspended Type
ix) Over load capacity (10%) 385.0 MW
(b) Motor
i) Motor Capacity 385.0 MW

ii) Power factor 0.95 leading
iii) Rated terminal voltage between phases 21 kV
iv) Frequency 50 Hz
v) Phase 3
vi) Speed 300 rpm
The voltage rating shall be optimized during preparation of bidding document/ detailed
project report stage.
Class F insulation will be provided for the armature winding and the field winding of the
generator-motor.
The generator-motor will be provided with a conventional type of cooling system, i.e., air
coolers. The air coolers shall have sufficient cooling capacity to maintain the air temperature.
8.4.2 Excitation System and AVR
The excitation equipment shall be static type potential-source, rectifier-type excitation

system completes with digital type Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). Static excitation
system shall be used for generating, motoring and synchronous condenser operation in the
generating and motoring direction, back-to-back synchronous starting operation and static
frequency converter (SFC) starting for pumping.
The AVR will be capable of covering 80% to 110% of the rated voltage of the generator at
no-load operation. It will also be suitable for synchronous condenser operation.
When full load rejection occurs at generating mode due to external fault, the excitation
system will be capable of depressing the terminal voltage rise of the generator-motor within
30% of the rated voltage under the conditions that the field breaker is in closed position and

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
the speed rise of the generator-motor is within 45% of the rated revolving speed.
8.4.3 Neutral Grounding Device for Generator-Motor
Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) system and Neutral Grounding Transformer (NGT)
system are available for the neutral point grounding of the generator-motor.
Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) system would be suitable from the view point of cost and
varying resistance characteristics with frequency during starting operation by back-to-back
system. Hence, Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR) system shall be used for grounding the
neutral point of the generator-motor windings.
The Neutral Grounding Device shall consist of:
 Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR)

 Disconnecting Switch
 Current Transformer
8.4.4 LAVT System
LAVT Cubicles shall include Surge Capacitors, Lightning Arrestors, Voltage Transformers
and associated accessories.
8.4.5 Motor Starting Method
A. Static Frequency Converter (SFC)
One (01) set of Static Frequency Converter (SFC) with digital control type shall be used in
common for two units of the generator / motor simultaneously and shall be connected to
each generator / motor through the selective Disconnecting Switch, Circuit Breakers etc. to
accelerate the machine in reverse direction for “pumping operation” up to rated speed by
grid power. After synchronizing the machine with the grid SFC gets cut off.
B. Back-to-Back Starting Method
Beside SFC as main starting method of the motor (pumping mode), back-to-back (BTB)
starting method as back-up option is recommended for the project.
In this case one unit will be started as generator and other will be in motor mode (by phase
reversal switch operation) and ultimately synchronize with the grid to run the motor for

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
pumping operation and generator will return to shut down. In this method, the generating unit
and the pumping unit shall be selected in such a combination/ manner that the units are
connected to different penstocks/ HRTs/ TRTs.
8.5 Main Inlet Valve
Quantity: Four (04) Sets
The Main Inlet Valve is located between the Spiral Casing and the Penstock. Spherical type
valve is generally recommended for a pumped storage plant because of its low loss. The
flow capacity of the inlet valve will have sufficient to allow maximum flow of the pump-turbine
discharge.
The inlet valve will be designed to safely withstand the stress due to the maximum hydraulic
pressure obtainable including water thrust in the penstock and will be free from vibration and
any abnormalities under the whole operating range of the pump-turbine including any
transient conditions of operation.
The inlet valve will be designed to be capable of closing from fully opened position under the
condition of maximum flow at every head.
A bypass valve of needle valve type will be furnished to the main inlet valve in order to
balance the water pressure of both the penstock side and the pump-turbine side when the
inlet valve is opened.
Both the main inlet valve and the bypass valve will be operated by pressure oil and the
operating mechanism will consist of pressure-oil supply system, servomotor, rod and lever.
The pressure oil supply system shall be used for operation of the inlet valve and the bypass
valve.
8.6 Oil Treatment and Storage Equipment
The Oil Treatment and Storage Equipment of adequate capacity shall be used for storage
and purifying the lubrication oil of the pump / turbine, generator / motor and pressure oil of
the pressure oil supply system. The oil treatment and storage equipment shall consist of oil
filter presses, oil purifiers, oil storage tank and other required accessories.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Oil handling system
Oil handling system for transformer oil and lubricating oil for generating units will be provided
with suitable piping, valves, tanks, purifiers etc. and shall be located such as to confirm the
requirements of underground power house.
8.7 Compressed Air Supply System
A low pressure compressed air plant would be installed to meet the requirements for brake
of generator and for shaft sealing system of turbine. A low pressure compressed air plant
would also be installed to meet the requirement of the station pneumatic tools and other
general purpose in the power house.
8.8 Cooling Water System
It is proposed to provide individual cooling water system for each unit to remove heat from
generators and bearing oils through heat exchangers.
The water supply system shall be provided for replenishing the leakage water from the spiral
case at depressing water level in draft tube at pump starting.
The cooling water for each main unit is supplied from the corresponding draft tube by an
individual motor driven pump set. There is one regular use pump set for each main unit and
one stand-by use pump set is provided for two main units. The stand-by use pump and
regular use pumps are isolated by automatic operated valves.
The cooling water for each main unit is supplied from the corresponding draft tube by an
individual motor driven pump set. There is one regular use pump set for each main unit and
one stand-by use pump set is provided for two main units. The stand-by use pump and
regular use pumps are isolated by automatic operated valves.
8.9 Dewatering and Water Drainage System
Dewatering system shall be provided in the power house for dewatering of unit for access to
underwater parts.
8.10 Generator-Motor Main Circuit
Generator-Motor main circuit will consist of:

 Generator Circuit Breaker

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
24 kV, Indoor type, metal-enclosed, SF6 circuit breaker will be installed between each
Generator and respective Main Step-up Transformer for protection and synchronization (for
remote closing and remote tripping or automatic tripping due to fault)
 Phase Reversal Disconnecting Switch
Rotational directions of pumping mode and generating mode of the unit are opposite.
Therefore, a 24 kV Phase Reverse Disconnecting Switch Set of required current rating will
be installed to change any 2 phases of 3 phases of main circuit in order to change the phase
rotational direction at the generator-motor terminal to assure the desired direction of rotation
for both generation mode and pumping mode.
 Pump Starting Disconnecting Switch
For each unit, 24 kV Disconnecting Switch for pump-starting by SFC will be provided
between the generator-motor circuit breaker and the generator-motor.
 Insulating phase Bus (IPB)
Metal Enclosed Isolated Phase Bus (IPB) will be provided as the main bus (24 kV) between
the terminals of generator-motor and the primary terminals of main step-up transformer.
 Braking System of the units
Both Electrical and Mechanical Braking System will be provided with each unit in order to
reduce the time of stop operation. The electrical brake will begin to work at around 40% of
the rated revolving speed. Below 10% of the rated revolving speed, the electrical brake will
be released and the mechanical brake will begin to operate.
 Instrument Transformer
For protection and measuring of the main units, necessary current transformers and
potential transformers will be installed.
8.11 Transformer Main Step-Up
8.11.1 Type and Rating
Single Phase; Rated Capacity: 151 MVA Quantity: 13 nos. (including one spare) Rated
Voltage: Primary 21 kV, Secondary 420 kV ± 5%, Indoor type, oil-immersed, single phase,

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
forced oil forced water (OFWF) cooled, with on-load tap-changer (OLTC).
Each transformer cooling system shall consist of oil pump and cooler (heat exchanger) to
form a unit cooling facility. The cooling water shall be supplied from the main water supply
system when the generator-motor is in operation. The water fire extinguisher equipment
shall be provided for each main transformer.
8.11.2 Surge Arrester for main Step-Up Transformer
GIS type Surge Arresters will be installed at the HV side of the step-up transformer.
8.11.3 Neutral Earthing of Main Step-Up Transformer
The neutral point of the secondary winding (HV Side) of each main step-up transformer will
be solidly grounded.
8.12 Cables and Accessories
Single core 420 kV high voltage XLPE cables will be installed and connected from the
underground secondary GIS to the outside switchyard through the cable tunnel for power
evacuation between the main step-up transformers and the GIS / outdoor switchyard.
11 kV XLPE cables shall be used for connection from and to the 11 kV switchboards to be
installed at different load centers in power house and switchyard.
1.1 kV Grade PVC insulated Copper / Aluminium power cables shall be used in the power
house, transformer cavern, switchyard, Lower Dam, Upper Dam areas for supplying power
to various auxiliaries, while for control cables 1.1 kV Grade PVC insulated copper cables will
be employed.
The instrumentation cables used to include Optical Fiber Cables (OFC) will be immune to
electromagnetic interference. The number of pairs / cores required will be as per the
requirement of the system.
8.13 420 kV GIS/Outdoor Switch Yard
Due to space and reliability constraints, 420 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear has been
proposed and shall be housed on a floor located just above the transformers in the
transformer cavern. Double bus bar arrangement is proposed for this project after giving due
consideration to its reliability, stability, easy maintenance and accessibility. The GIS has total

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
10 bays comprises of 04 Nos. generator transformer bays, 1 no. bus coupler bay, 1 no.
shunt reactor bay and 4 Nos. outgoing feeder bays. Requirement of the shunt reactor shall
only be finalised after detailed system studies during DPR. The outgoing feeders are directly
going to the grid.
8.14 Control and Protection System
The system shall be applied for automatic control such as start, stop and protection of the
pump-turbine combined with the control and protection system during all modes of operation
such as turbine and pumping. All necessary components required for performing the
automatic sequential control of the pump-turbine, and their main parts shall be
accommodated inside the pump-turbine control board.
Beside the Local automatic control, remote control system which will be done through the
Supervisory Control Monitoring and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) will also be employed
in this project.
8.14.1 Control System
A supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system will be provided for an efficient
and economic plant operation. The power house will be designed to be operated with three
levels of control:
 From the control room

 From the Unit control board located on the machine hall floor.
 From local control cubicles of each element located adjacent to the unit.
A main supervisory computer system supporting necessary man-machine interface will be

located at the Main Control Room and separate local plant controllers will be provided for
each main unit, station service circuit and 400 kV switchyard. The computer system and
controllers will be linked by high-speed data transmission system.
8.14.2 Protection System
The protective relays will be provided for each units including its excitation transformer,
station auxiliary system, main transformers, 400 kV XLPE cables, 400 kV switchgear etc.
The design of the protection scheme will be based on the general philosophy that all the
protection equipment has a primary and back-up protection supplementing each other.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
8.15 D.C. Supply System
A 220-volt DC System, with two sets (for redundancy) of battery banks of appropriate AH
capacity would provide power for the control of switchgear, for the protection and control
equipment, and for emergency lighting of the power house. The batteries would be provided
with two battery chargers, each equipped with float and boost charging facility with all
protective devices necessary to protect the system from damage. Distribution boards would
be provided for feeding various DC loads of the units. A 48 V DC system with appropriate
AH capacity battery bank will be installed for signaling and the PLCC system
8.16 AC Electrical Auxiliaries Supply System
8.16.1 Station Service Power
The station service supply is proposed to be taken through 11kV Local Distribution System.
In addition, 3 nos. 0.415kV DG set of appropriate capacity shall also be provided for black
start capability. The Station auxiliaries shall be fed through 2 nos. 21/11 kV, 5000 kVA
transformers connected to Unit-1 & 4. The unit auxiliaries shall be fed through 21/0.415 kV,
1000 kVA transformers connected to each generator. The Station services shall be taken
from 2 nos. 11/0.415, 1250 kVA transformers.
2 Nos. of 11/0.415 kV, 200 kVA Station Service Transformers (SST) for Upper Dam and
Lower Dam shall be provided for meeting the power demand at dam area from 11 kV feeder
from Local Distribution System
8.16.2 Motor Control Centre (MCC)
From 11 kV Bus, 3 nos. of 11 / 0.415 kV (each of 1 MVA) Dry type Distribution transformers
will supply auxiliary power to Power House Motor Control Centre (MCC), Unit auxiliary
equipment control center, Air compressor control center, drainage and dewatering pump
control center, Oil supply system control system.
Each pump of various systems shall have the provision to be started and stopped manually
by the respective switch mounted on the Motor Control Centre (MCC).
8.17 Grounding System
The power station will be provided with a complete earthing system. All exposed conductive
parts and equipment in the power house, transformer hall & pothead yard will be connected
to the grounding system. The grounding system shall be designed to minimize the

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
“Step” and “Touch” potentials within acceptable limits. And separate grounding grid has to be
provided for Electronics Equipment’s Earthing.
8.18 EOT Crane
The Electrical Overhead Traveling Cranes are installed in the underground powerhouse for
unloading, assembly, erection and future maintenance of the turbines, generators, and other
mechanical and electrical equipment.
The heaviest equipment part to be handled by the main hoist will be the generator rotor. It is
proposed to provide Two (02) nos. EOT cranes of 340/50/10-ton capacity EOT Crane with
tandem operation. The capacity of crane however would need to be further examined in
consultation with manufacturer of generating equipment. One (01) no. EOT Crane of 10 Ton
capacity shall be installed at GIS hall and one (01) no. EOT Crane of 50 Ton capacity shall
be installed in Transformer Hall for Draft Tube Gate.
8.19 Fire Protection System
The Fire Protection System in the underground power house, main access tunnel, isolated
phase bus duct tunnels, GIS / switchyard etc. shall be designed to timely detect the
occurrence & quick extinguishing of fire break outs and prevention of spread of fire so as to
minimize the extent of damage.
Water spray type Fire Extinguishing System shall be provided for all the generator-motor
sets, main transformer, Station service system & SFC transformer. The fire extinguisher
system shall detect fire inside the generator-motor barrel and transformer rooms
instantaneously and accurately, and shall discharge water automatically by actuation both of
the fire detector and protection relay, and also, by manual operation at the extinguisher
panel.
8.20 Air Conditioning & Ventilation System
Power house would be provided with ventilation system as required for the underground
power house, work areas and offices. An air conditioning system would be provided to
maintain the control room at the required level of temperature, humidity and comfort. The
temperature and humidity level would be selected to suit the requirements of equipment and
staff

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
8.21 Illumination System
Illumination system design shall be based on the principle of achievement of the desired
illumination levels with minimum glare. The design shall result in the most energy-efficient
and presentable illumination as per the latest international trends in underground power
plants. While the majority of the luminaries will be AC powered, emergency lighting will be
DC supplied from station battery system. The emergency lighting will be provided only for
essential locations.
8.22 PLCC Equipment
PLCC system shall provide efficient sources and reliable information links to meet the
communication need of protection, voice and data including SCADA system. It shall provide
for distance protection and direct tripping for remote end breaker, signal transmission &
speech communication between the power house/GIS /sub-station and data communication
to remote places through various frequency channels etc.
8.23 Communication System & Surveillance System
A suitable communication and surveillance system shall be installed in the power house
complex to facilitate the communication and desired security in the power house area.
Communication system comprises of the public address system and EPBAX equipment. The
surveillance system would comprise of access control system and CCTV system equipment
including all spaces of power house.
8.24 Electrical Equipment Testing Laboratory
Portable Electrical Testing Equipment will be provided to carry out normal testing of power
house equipment. Separate room is proposed in the power house for Electrical Testing
Laboratory for storage of portable equipment and to serve as a base for testing personnel.
All the testing equipment should be PC compatible and of latest design.
8.25 Mechanical Workshop
A Mechanical Workshop will be provided in control block in machine hall cavern for routine
maintenance as required for all works & will be equipped with drilling, welding, milling & lathe
machines & other required machine tools.

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Feasibility Report
8.26 Lift
Two numbers electrically operated lifts shall be in the control block for easy movement. The
lift shall be designed for approximately a load of 10 persons.
8.27 Power Evacuation Arrangement
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Plant is of the installed capacity of 1400 MW which
consists of 4 units of 350 MW each.
Considering the n-1 contingency criteria, it is proposed to evacuate the power from 2 nos.
D/C 400 kV transmission line which would be connected to nearest grid.

lean hours encompassing the above substations and different Pumped storage schemes of
Chhattisgarh and thereby setting up Substation & Transmission system effectively. The
power evacuation scheme shall be finalized at the DPR Stage.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 8.1
Chapter-8: Design of Electrical & Mechanical Components

CROSS SECTION OF POWER HOUSE
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 8.2
Chapter-8: Design of Electrical & Mechanical Components

CHAPTER-9
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
CHAPTER – 9 ........................................................................................................................ 1
9.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 1
9.2 Main Components of the Project .................................................................................. 1
9.2.1 Main Structure/ Components ....................................................................................... 1
9.2.2 Target Schedule .......................................................................................................... 2
9.3 Infrastructure Facilities ................................................................................................. 2
9.4 Upper Reservoir/Bund Type ......................................................................................... 3
9.5 Upper Dam & Spill way ................................................................................................ 3
9.6 Lower Dam & Spill way ................................................................................................ 4
9.7 Power Intake ................................................................................................................ 4
9.8 Head Race Tunnel (HRT) & Pressure Shaft ................................................................. 4
9.9 Tailrace Tunnel/Lower Intake/ TRT Outlet .................................................................... 5
9.10 Underground Powerhouse/ Transformer Caverns ........................................................ 5
9.11 Electro-Mechanical Works ........................................................................................... 5
9.12 Impounding Schedule .................................................................................................. 5
Chapter – 9: Construction Programme Page i

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
CHAPTER – 9
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
9.1 General
Construction of proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project (4X350 MW)

including erection of the four generating units is planned to be completed in a period of five
years including Pre-construction works of one year for creation of infrastructure facilities viz.
additional Investigations, improvement of Road network and colonies.
For surface works, two shift working is considered economical and is proposed throughout the
year. For underground works, which do not follow normal pattern of shift working because of
cyclic operations, three shift working with minimum 15 hrs. Or upto completion of cycle
operations/day has been adopted. Keeping in view, the location, accessibility in all seasons and
considering 25 working days in a month, shift wise scheduled working hours annually are
adopted as follows:
Single Shift Work = 25 x 10 x 6 hrs. = 1500 hrs
Two Shift Work = 25 x 10 x 11 hrs = 2750 hrs for Surface Works
Three Shift Works = 25 x 10 x 15 hrs = 3750 hrs
Three Shift Works = 25 x 10 x 18 hrs = 4500 hrs - for Underground Works
9.2 Main Components of the Project
9.2.1 Main Structure/ Components
The construction schedule has been detailed for major items of the following main structures/
components.
i. Civil Works
 Upper Dam and spillway
 Lower Dam and Spillway
 Power Intake Structure
 Headrace tunnel cum pressure shaft
 Tailrace outlet structures
Chapter – 9: Construction Programme Page 1 of 6

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 MAT and construction Adits
 Draft Tube and Tailrace tunnel.
 Switch yard and Cable Tunnel
 Underground powerhouse, transformer cavern and Downstream Surge Chamber
ii. Electrical Works
 E.O.T. cranes
 Supply and erection of T.G./Pumps sets 4 nos. 350 MW each
 400 kV G.I.S. and bays equipment
 Main power transformers
 Other auxiliary electro-mechanical equipment
iii. Hydraulic equipment
 Intake gates
 Tailrace Outlet gates
 Draft Tube gates
9.2.2 Target Schedule
The total construction period is scheduled as follows.
Pre-construction Period : 1 Year
Construction Period (Main Works) : 4 Years
Total construction period : 5 Years
The Programme is also exhibited in the form of a bar chart and is enclosed as Annexure- 9.1.
9.3 Infrastructure Facilities
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Project is located in Jashpur District. The project falls in
Survey of India degree sheet nos. 64M, 64N, 73A & 73B and between latitudes 22˚ 17’ to 23˚
15’ N and longitudes 83˚ 23’ to 84˚ 24’ E. Jashpur district is situated in the north eastern part of
the Chhattisgarh state.

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Feasibility Report
The nearest rail head is Ambikapur Railway Station which is about 74 km with loading &
unloading facility. The nearest airport is Birsa Munda which is 250 km (approx.) from project
site. The nearest sea port is Gopalpur port which is located at a distance of about 650 Km.
Construction of infrastructure works will be taken up in first years. Construction power may be
obtained from the existing grid, but a new sub-station needs to be developed. Construction/
improvement of project road and upgrading of existing road will be taken up immediately. The
construction of office and residential buildings will be started in first year and be completed by
second year. Construction of office building and Project Road shall be taken up first priority to
complete within a year by utilizing more resources so that the delay can be minimized.
Following provision is being kept for construction of offices and residential building at various
sites:
 Permanent Office Buildings
 Temporary Office Buildings
 Temporary Site Offices
 Permanent Residential Buildings
 Temporary Residential Buildings
The construction of project colony, residential and other Non-residential building will be taken up
from first year and completed all within second year.
9.4 Upper Reservoir/Bund Type
The excavation for the Upper dam is proposed to be started in the 1st month of second year and
will be spread over eight months i.e., 8th month of second year. Construction of Reservoir
embankment will be started in the 9th month of second year and completes in the 8th month of
fourth year. Reservoir lining require 12 months duration, starting from 1st month of 4th year and
ending at 12th month of 4th year.
9.5 Upper Dam & Spill way
The excavation for the Upper dam is proposed to be started in the 1st month of Second year and
will be spread over 8 months up to 8th month of 2nd year. The construction of dam embankment

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Feasibility Report
requires 24months. The construction starts in 9th month of 2nd year and completes in the 8th
month of 4th year. Reservoir lining require 12 months duration, starting from 1st month of 4th year
and ending at 12th month of 4th year.
9.6 Lower Dam & Spill way
As the lower dam is proposed across a seasonal Nala to accommodate the required storage.
The excavation for the Lower dam is proposed to be started in the 1st month of Second year and
will be spread over seven months up to 7th month of 2nd Year. Construction of Lower concrete
dam is to be started in the 4th month of 2nd year and in continuation up to 2nd month of 5th year.
Construction of spillway i.e., excavation and construction require 10 months. Excavation starts
in the 8th month of 2nd year and ends at 11th month of 2nd year. Construction of spillway starts in
the 6th month of 4th year and ends at the 11th month of 4th year
9.7 Power Intake
Duration of excavation of intake is 5 months. It starts from 1st month of 2nd year and ends in the
5th month of 2nd year. Duration of concreting of intake structure is 4 months. It starts in 1st month
of 4th year and completes at 4th month of 4th year.
Open Excavation for Intake will start from 1st month of Second year and spread over five
months. The concreting of Intake may spread over four months from 1st month of Fourth year to
5th month of Fourth year respectively.
9.8 Head Race Tunnel (HRT) & Pressure Shaft
Excavation of HRT from intake face will be taken up in the 6th month of second year after
completing the open excavation of intake. The same will be completed in the 5th month of Third
year. The concreting/backfilling/ grouting will be taken up after excavation and start from 7th
month of Third year & completed in the 12th month of Third year for the duration of 6 months.
The excavation of Adit/MAT will start in 12th month of 2nd year and completes in 1st month of 4th
year. The steel liners will be erected from 4th month of third year and completed in the 2nd month
of Fifth year for the duration of 24 months.

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Feasibility Report
9.9 Tailrace Tunnel/Lower Intake/ TRT Outlet
Open Excavation of tailrace outlet will start from 7th month of 2nd year, spread over 18-month
duration. The tail race Tunnel will start after completion of open excavation of outlet and
construction of portal in 7th month of 2nd year which will be completed 9th month of Third year.
The construction of Tailrace tunnel/concrete lining/grouting etc. will be started in the 2nd month
of Third year which will be completed in 8th month of 4th year.
9.10 Underground Powerhouse/ Transformer Caverns
Main Access tunnel to power house will be done by 10th month of second year and then the
excavation of the power house cavern will be taken up. Excavation with concreting of
powerhouse and transformer cavern will be completed in 18 month and complete in 4th month of
4th year with commissioning of Mechanical machine and most of Electric instrument and
Auxiliary Apparatus.
9.11 Electro-Mechanical Works
Pre-manufactured activities such as preparation of specifications, inviting and evaluation of

tender etc. can be completed within the first year so that the supply orders are placed by the
end of the 1st year.
Action for procurement of EOT cranes is proposed to be initiated in the 1st year itself. The entire
process of inviting the tender, placing orders, manufacture, supply, erection and testing is
planned to be carried out and completed upto 4th year.
All the EM equipment’s installation period for each pump/ turbine and generator/ motor has
been considered as twenty-four months. Four units are installed in the 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th
month of 5th year.
9.12 Impounding Schedule
Filling of reservoirs will be based on the following considerations:
i) Filling would be started during the pre-construction activities or construction of dam after
completion of intake with gates.
ii) Filling schedule would follow the embankment schedule of dam.

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iii) Filling elevation would not be permitted to exceed the height of embankment anytime.
iv) Filling would be restricted to keep the elevation more than 5 m below the embankment
during the construction period.
v) In case of exceeding the above clearance, extra water (including flood) would be flown
to downstream by pumping or other ways, temporary channel over excavated spillway
portion.

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 9.1
Chapter-9: Construction Programme

Dangari Pumped Storage Project ( 4 x 350 MW), Chhattisgarh
Proposed Construction Schedule'
Time Ist Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year
Sl. No. Activities
(in months)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Pre- Construction planning & Infrastructural Development
i) Preliminary 4
ii) Land Acquisition 9
iii) Procurement 9
iv) Project Roads 12
v) Project Colony/Office Buildings/ Construction Facilities 12
2 Construction Phase
i) Upper reservoir (Excavated Pit Type) and spillway
Excavation 8
Construction of dam embankment 24
Reservoir linning 12
ii) Lower reservoir and spillway
Foundation Excavation with treatment 7
Construction of Concrete dam 35
Construction of Spillway (Excavation + Construction) 10
iii) Intake Structures
Excavation 5
Concreting 4
iv) HRT
Exacavation of HRT/Support system/Back filling 12
Concrete lining 12
Grouting/Bottom finishing 6
v) Pressure Shaft
Adit to Pressure shaft (upper) 6
Adit to Pressure shaft (lower) 6
Excavation 14
Erection of Steel Liners/Contact Grouting/Consolidation groting with Backfilling 24
vi) Tailrace Tunnel & Outlet
Excavation of TRT 18
Concrete Lining 18
Grouting/Bottom Finishing 14
TRT Outlet - Excavation 6
Outlet Gate Shaft - Concreting 4
vi) Power House Complex & Transformer Cavern
Main Access Tunnel to Powerhouse 10
Cavern Excavation 18
UNIT-1
UNIT-2
UNIT-3
UNIT-4
Cavern Concreting 24
vii) Electro-mechanical Equip.
E&M installation including commissioning 24
viii) Hydro-mechanical Equip.
HM Work including testing etc. 18

CHAPTER-10
TRANSMISSION OF POWER &
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
CHAPTER – 10 ..................................................................................................................... 1
10.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1
10.2 Power Evacuation Arrangement .......................................................................... 1
List of Figures
Figure 10. 1 Power Map of Chhattisgarh ........................................................................... 2
Figure 10. 2 Power Map of Western Region ...................................................................... 3
Chapter – 10: Transmission of Power & Communication Facilities Page i

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Feasibility Report
CHAPTER – 10
TRANSMISSION OF POWER & COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
10.1 Introduction
The power generated at Dangari Pumped Storage Plant will be integrated with National grid
and mostly be utilized in the peaking hour. The associated transmission system has been
planned in accordance with guidelines and tentative planning of Central electricity Authority
on transmission system for the region
10.2 Power Evacuation Arrangement
The proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Plant is of the installed capacity of 1400 MW which
consists of 4 units of 350 MW each.
Therefore, considering the n-1 contingency criteria, it is proposed to evacuate the power
from 2 nos. D/C 400 kV transmission line which would be connected to nearest grid.

lean hours encompassing the above substations and different Pumped storage schemes of
Chhattisgarh and thereby setting up Substation & Transmission system effectively. The
power evacuation scheme shall be finalized at the DPR Stage.
Chapter – 10: Transmission of Power & Communication Facilities Page 1 of 3

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Feasibility Report
Figure 10. 1 Power Map of Chhattisgarh
Source: CPSC

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Figure 10. 2 Power Map of Western Region
Source: CEA

CHAPTER-11
ENVIRONMENTAL &
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Dangri Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
11.1 Need for the Study............................................................................................ 1

11.2 Study Area........................................................................................................ 1
11.3 Environmental Baseline Status ......................................................................... 1
11.3.1 Meteorology...................................................................................................... 1
11.3.2 Water Quality.................................................................................................... 1
11.3.3 Geology ............................................................................................................ 2
11.3.4 Terrestrial Flora ................................................................................................ 2
11.3.5 Terrestrial Fauna .............................................................................................. 4
11.3.6 Fisheries ........................................................................................................... 7
11.4 Prediction of Impacts ........................................................................................ 8
11.4.1 Impacts on Land Environment .......................................................................... 8
11.4.2 Impacts on Water Resources.......................................................................... 11
11.4.3 Impacts on Water Quality ............................................................................... 11
11.4.4 Impacts on Terrestrial Flora ............................................................................ 12
11.4.5 Impacts on Terrestrial Fauna .......................................................................... 13
11.4.6 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology ........................................................................... 14
11.4.7 Impacts on Noise Environment ....................................................................... 15
11.4.8 Air Pollution .................................................................................................... 16
11.4.9 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment ...................................................... 17
11.4.10 Increased Incidence of Water-Related Diseases ............................................ 18
11.5 Environmental Management Plan ................................................................... 19
11.5.1 Environmental Measures during Construction Phase ..................................... 19
11.5.2 Environmental Management in Road Construction ......................................... 20
11.5.3 Compensation for Acquisition of Forest Land ................................................. 20
11.5.4 Wildlife Conservation ...................................................................................... 21
11.5.5 Workers Health and Safety Plan ..................................................................... 22
11.5.6 Control of Air Pollution .................................................................................... 23
11.5.7 Noise Control Measures ................................................................................. 24
11.5.8 Landscaping and Restoration Plan ................................................................. 25
11.5.9 Greenbelt Development Plan .......................................................................... 26
Chapter – 11: Environmental and Ecological Aspects Page i

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11.5.10 Fisheries Management Plan ........................................................................... 26

11.6 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan ............................................................. 26
11.7 Catchment Area Treatment ............................................................................ 27
11.8 Energy Conservation Measures...................................................................... 28
11.8.1 Energy Conservation during Construction Phase............................................ 28
11.8.2 Energy Conservation during Operation Phase ................................................ 29
11.9 Local Area Development Plan (LADP) ............................................................ 29
11.10 Greenbelt Development .................................................................................. 29
11.11 Disaster Management Plan ............................................................................ 30
11.12 Environmental Monitoring Programme............................................................ 31
11.13 Cost Estimates ............................................................................................... 32
11.14 Conclusions .................................................................................................... 33
List of Figures
Table 11. 1: Details of Floral Species Reported in the Study Area ........................................ 2
Table 11. 2: Details of mammals recorded in Study Area ...................................................... 4
Table 11. 3: Details of Avi-Fauna recorded in Study Area ..................................................... 5
Table 11. 4: Details of Herpetofauna recorded in Study Area ................................................ 6
Table 11. 5: Details of Fish species recorded in Study Area.................................................. 7
Table 11. 6: Land requirement for proposed project ............................................................ 10
Table 11. 7: Noise transmission loss values for various construction materials ................... 15
Table 11. 8: Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA ............................................. 25
Table 11. 9: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project Construction Phase ...... 31
Table 11. 10: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project Operation Phase ........ 31
Table 11. 11: Cost for Implementing Mitigation Measures ................................................... 32
Chapter – 11: Environmental and Ecological Aspects Page ii

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CHAPTER-11
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS

11.1 Need for the Study
Like many other developmental activities, the proposed project, while providing planned power
generation could also lead to a variety of adverse environmental impacts. However, by proper
planning at the inception and design stages and by adopting appropriate mitigatory measures in
the planning, design, construction and operation phases, the adverse impacts can be minimized
to a large extent, whereas the beneficial impacts could be maximized.
11.2 Study Area
The Study Area considered for the Environmental Assessment study shall comprise of the
following:
 Area to be acquired for various project appurtenances
 Submergence area for upper and lower reservoirs
 Area within 10 km periphery of upper and lower reservoir site on either side of river
11.3 Environmental Baseline Status
11.3.1 Meteorology
Meteorologically, the year can be divided into three distinct seasons. Winter season sets in from
the month of November and continues upto February, followed by summer season from March
to June. The area receives rainfall under the influence of south-west monsoons from mid-June
to September.
The district experiences Sub-tropical climate characterized by extreme cold in winter and
extreme hot in summer. The normal annual rainfall for the district is 1506.7 mm with 50-65rainy
days. The annual temperature varies from 10oC in winter to 46oC in summer. The relative
humidity varies from 82% in rainy season to 35-40% during winter
11.3.2 Water Quality
The proposed project is located in an area with low population density with no major sources of
pollution. There are no industries in the area. The area under agriculture is quite less, which
coupled with negligible use of agro-chemicals, means that apart from domestic sources,
Chapter – 11: Environmental and Ecological Aspects Page 1 of 33

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pollution loading from other sources is virtually negligible. As a result, water quality is expected
to be quite good in the project area.
11.3.3 Geology
structural hills, pediment-pediplain, plateau etc. are found in and around the project area. Basalt
capped by laterite belonging to Deccan Trap of Cretaceous to Cainozoic age, Polymictic
conglomerate, gritty sandstone belonging to Lameta Group of Cretaceous age and Granite
gneiss (porphyroblastic, Auguen, banded, grey granitic& migmatite) with enclaves of meta-
sediments and metabasics belonging to Chhota Nagpur Gneissic Complex of Archaen to
Proterozoic (undiff.) age in and around the project site. The dip and strike is assumed as N83W-
S83E dip 07° towards NE.
11.3.4 Terrestrial Flora
Forest types and vegetation composition
Chhattisgarh has the third largest area under forest cover. Forests types of Chhattisgarh are
mainly divided into two main group’s viz. Tropical dry deciduous forest, Tropical moist
deciduous forest and tropical thorn forests, according to the revised classification of forests
types of India by Champion and Seth 1968.
The common tree species are- Acacia catechu, Azadirachta indica, Aegle marmelos, Ficus
species, Tamarindus indica, Bombax ceiba, Delonix regia, Syzygium cumini, and Zizyphus spp.
The commonly observed shrubs are Calotropis procera, Ricinus communis, Euphorbia species,
Clerodendron species, Lantana camara, and Woodfordia fruticosa. The list of floral species
reported in the study area are given in Table-11.1.
Table 11. 1: Details of Floral Species Reported in the Study Area
Plant Species Local name Family Habit Division

Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Khair Mimosaceae Tree Dicot
Achyranthes aspera L. Chirchiri Amaranthaceae Herb Dicot
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Bel Rutaceae Tree Dicot
Ageratum conyzoides L. Kha-jju Asteraceae Herb Dicot
Albizzia lebbek Benth. Kala Siris Mimosaceae Tree Dicot
Argemone mexicana L. Kateli Papaveraceae Herb Dicot
Azadirachta indica A. Juss Neem Meliaceae Tree Dicot

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Bauhinia variegata L. kachnar Caesalpiniaceae Tree Dicot
Boerhavia diffusa L. Santan Nyctaginaceae Herb Dicot
Bombax ceiba Burm.f. Semal Bombacaceae Tree Dicot
Boswellia serrata Roxb. Salai Burseraceae Tree Dicot
Calotropis procera (Aiton) R.Br. Madar Asclepiadaceae Shrub Monocot
Cassia fistula L. Amaltash Caesalpiniaceae Tree Dicot
Cassia tora L. Puwar Caesalpiniaceae Herb Dicot
Cissampelos pareira L. Padh Menispermaceae Climber Dicot
Clerodendron serratum Spreng Duma Verbenaceae Shrub Dicot
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Kundru Cucurbitaceae Climber Dicot
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Amarbel Cuscutaceae Parasite Dicot
Cynodon dactylon Pers. Dhoob Poaceae Grass Monocot
Cyperus cyperoides Britton. - Cyperaceae Sedge Monocot
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Sheesham Fabaceae Tree Dicot
Datura stramonium L. - Solanaceae Herb Dicot
Delonix regia (Boj) Ref. Gulmohar Caesalpiniaceae Tree Dicot
Digitaria ciliaris L. - Poaceae Grass Monocot
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link - Poaceae Grass Monocot
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. - Asteraceae Herb Dicot
Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. - Myrtaceae Tree Dicot
Euphorbia neriifolia L. - Euphorbiaceae Shrub Dicot
Ficus bengalensis L. Bad Moraceae Tree Dicot
Ficus racemosa Roxb. Umar Moraceae Tree Dicot
Ficus religiosa L. Pipal Moraceae Tree Dicot
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Beshram Convolvulaceae Shrub Dicot
Lantana camara (L.) Moldenke. Raimunia Verbenaceae Shrub Dicot
Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Mahua Sapotaceae Tree Dicot
Mangifera indica L. Aam Anacardiaceae Tree Dicot
Mimosa pudica L. Chhui-mui Mimosaceae Herb Dicot
Moringa oleifera Lam. Sehjan Moringaceae Tree Dicot
Parthenium histerophorus L. Gajarghas Asteraceae Herb Dicot
Phoenix acaulis Roxb. Chhind Arecaceae Shrub Monocot
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Kranji Fabaceae Tree Dicot
Prosopis juliflora DC. - Mimosaceae Shrub Dicot
Ricinus communis L. Rendi Euphorbiaceae Tree Dicot
Solanum nigrum L. - Solanaceae Herb Dicot
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jamun Myrtaceae Tree Dicot
Tamarindus indica L. Emli Caesalpiniaceae Tree Dicot
Tectona grandis L.f. Saguan Verbenaceae Tree Dicot
Tinospora cordifolia Meirs Giloh Menispermacaea Climber Dicot
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Dhabai Lythraceae Shrub Dicot

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Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Ber Rhamnaceae Tree Dicot
11.3.5 Terrestrial Fauna
Mammals
Wildlife has been observed in the study area are based on direct sighting and secondary data
from the District Forest Office working plan and published literature. The commonly occurring
monkey Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque), Sus scrofa (Wild Bore), Canis auresus, Vulpus
bengalensis (Indian fox), Lepus nigricollis (Indian Hare). The details are listed in Table-11.2.
Table 11. 2: Details of mammals recorded in Study Area
Species Name Common Name Family

Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Cercopithecidae
Presbytia entellus Common Langur Colobidae
Melursus ursinus Bhalu* Ursidae
Axis axis Chital*Spotted deer Cervidae
Ghazella bennettii Chinkara* Bovidae
Muntjac muntjac Barking deer Cervidae
Sus scrofa Wild Bore Suidae
Suncus murinus Musk-Shrew Tupaiidae
Felis chaus Jungli Cat Felidae
Hyaena hyaena lakkarbhaga* Hyaenadae
Canis auresus Gidar Canidae
Vulpus bengalensis Indian fox Canidae
Canis lumpus Pallipes Wolf Canidae
Funambulus palmarum Three Striped Palm Squirrel Sciuridae
Bandicota bengalensis Field Rat Muridae
Golunda ellioti Indian Bush Rat Muridae
Mus booduga Indian Field Rat Muridae
Rattus rattus-refescena Indian house rat Muridae
Herpestes edwardsii Common Mongoose Herpestidae
Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare Leporidae
Avi-fauna
Korba districts in Chhatisgarh state supports rich avi-fauna, due to abundance of feeding,
breeding and roosting places. The survey considered the suitable time of the day and time of

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Feasibility Report
the study period. Interviews and group discussions with local people were used as a main
source of information. Birds recorded in large number were- Myna (Acridotheres ginginianus),
House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Common crane (Grus grus), Koel (Eudynamys
scolopaceus), House crow (Corvus splendens), Turdoides caudatus (Common Babbler),
Phalacrocorax niger (Little Cormorant). The details are listed in Table-11.3.
Table 11. 3: Details of Avi-Fauna recorded in Study Area
Family/Scientific Name Common Name

Accipitridae
Milvus migrans Black Kite
Accipiter badius Shikra
Anatidae
Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed Duck
Apodidae
Apus affinis House swift
Ardeidae
Egretta garzetta Little Egrets
Ardeola grayii Pond Heron
Nycticorax nycticorax Black crowned Night Heron
Ixobrrychus cinnamomeus Chestnut Bittern
Columbidae
Streptopelia capicola Ring dove
Corvidae
Corvus splendens Vieillot House Crow
Cuculidae
Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel
Dicruridae
Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot Black Drongo
Hirundinidae
Hirundo rustica Common Swallow
Laniidae
Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler
Meropidae
Merops orientalis Latham Small green Bee-eater
Muscicapidae
Saxicoloides/ Motacilla fulicata Indian Robin
Muscicapa latirostris Asian brown flycatcher
Passeridae
Passer domesticus House Sparrow
Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant

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Family/Scientific Name Common Name

Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens Indian Shag
Phasianidae
Francolinus colinus Black Francolin
Pycnonotidae
Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul
Psittaculidae
Psittacula krameri (Scopoli) Rose-ringed Parakeet
Laniidae
Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike
Rallidae
Gallinula chloropus* Common Moorhen
Sturnidae
Acridotheres tristis Common Myna
Strigidae
Athene brama Spotted Owlet
Bubo bubo Eurasian Eagle-Owl
Threskiornithidae
Threskiornis melanocephalus Oriental White Ibis
Tytonidae
Tyto alba (Scopoli) Barn Owl
Upupidae
Upupa epops Linnaeus Common Hoopoe
Herpetofauna
The agriculture fields in the study area provide an ideal habitat for many amphibians and
reptiles. Reptiles such as cobra, and python were found occasionally in the dense vegetation
areas as per-narrated by local people. Moniter Lizard was observed along the roadside during
the survey. Amphibian such as Common indian toad, burrowing frog and Skipping frog. The list
of Herpetofauna reported in the study area are given in Table-11.4
Table 11. 4: Details of Herpetofauna recorded in Study Area
Scientific Name Common Name Family

Bufo melanostictus Common indian toad Bufonidae
Bufo viridis Common toad Bufonidae
Bungarus caeruleus* Common Krait Elapidae
Bungarus species* Banded Krait Elapidae
Calotes versicolor Common Garden Lizard Agamidae
Euphlyctis hexadactylus Skipping frog Ranidae

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Scientific Name Common Name Family

Gekko gecko Common lizard Gekkonidae
Hemidactylis flaviviridis House lizard Gekkonidae
Mabuya carinata Common skink Scincidae
Naja naja* Indian cobra Elapidae
Ptyas mucosus Rat Snake Colubridae
Python molurus* Indian Python Pythonidae
Rana spp Common Frog Ranidae
Tomopterna breviceps Burrowing frog Ranidae
Varanus bengalensis Moniter Lizard Varanidae
11.3.6 Fisheries
About 24 species reported from Geor River including Puntius chola, Puntius manipurensis and
Puntius sophore. The reported fish species in the study area is given in Table-11.5.
Table 11. 5: Details of Fish species recorded in Study Area
Scientific Name Common Name

Mystus cavasius Tengna
Mystus vittatus Tengna
Mystus oar Singi
Rita rita Kotia
Clarius batrachus Mongri
Catla catla Catla
Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal
Labeo bata Bata
Labeo rohita Rohu
Puntius sarana Kotra
Puntius sophore Kotri
Puntius ticto Kotri
Oxygaster bacila Sirangi
Hypophthamicthys molitrix Silver carp
Heteropneustes fossilis Singhi
Mastacembelus pancalus Bami
Channa punctatus Khoksi
Channa straitus Bhunda
Channa marulius Sanwal
Channa gachua Bijru
Oreochromis mossambicus Tilapia

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11.4 Prediction of Impacts
Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential impacts as a result
of the construction and operation of the proposed Danagari Pumped Storage Scheme have
been identified. The Environmental Impact Assessment for quite a few disciplines are subjective
in nature and cannot be quantified. Wherever possible, the impacts have been quantified and
otherwise, qualitative assessment has been undertaken. This section deals with the anticipated
positive as well as negative impacts due to construction and operation of the proposed Pumped
Storage Scheme.
11.4.1 Impacts on Land Environment
i. Construction Phase
Very few impacts of construction phase are permanent. Majority of the environmental impacts
attributed to construction works are temporary in nature, lasting mainly during the construction
phase and often little beyond the construction period. However, if these issues are not properly
addressed, the impacts can continue even after the construction phase for longer duration. The
time required for construction of the project shall be of the order of 5 years which includes 1
(one) year of pre-construction activities. Though, impacts due to construction, are temporary in
nature, but may attach significance due to the nature and intensity of the impacts. The major
anticipated impacts during the construction phase are as follows:
 Environmental degradation due to immigration of labour population.
 Quarrying operations.
 Operation of construction equipment.
 Disposal of construction waste
 Impacts due to construction of roads.
Environmental degradation due to immigration of labour population
About 800 workers and 200 technical staff are likely to work during the peak construction phase
in the project area. Thus a total of 1000 persons along with their families will reside in the
project area during peak construction phase considering family size as 4, the total population to

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immigrate in the project area during construction phase shall be of the order of 4000.Separate
accommodation and related facilities for workers, service providers and technical staff are to be
provided as a part of the project. The congregation of labour force is likely to create problems of
sewage disposal, solid waste management and felling of trees for meeting fuel requirements,
etc.
Quarrying Operations
The proposed project would require significant amount of construction material. The project
proponent would identify the quarry sites for extraction of sand and coarse aggregates and the
same shall be done as a part of DPR.
The quarrying operations are semi-mechanized in nature. Quarrying is normally done by cutting
the hill face. A permanent scar is likely to be left, once quarrying activities are over. With the
passage of time, rock from the exposed face of the quarry under the action of wind and other
erosional forces, get slowly weathered and after some time, they become a potential source of
landslide. Thus, it is necessary to implement appropriate slope stabilization measures to prevent
the possibility of soil erosion and landslides at the quarry sites.
Operation of Construction Equipment
During construction phase, various types of equipment will be brought to the site. These include
crushers, batching plant, drillers, earth movers, rock bolters, etc. The siting of these construction
equipment would require significant amount of space. In addition, land will also be temporarily
acquired, i.e., for the duration of project construction for storage of the quarried material before
crushing, crushed material, cement, rubble, etc. Efforts must be made for proper siting of these
facilities. Various criteria for selection of these sites would be:
 Proximity to the site of use.
 Sensitivity of forests in the nearby areas.
 Wildlife, if any, in the nearby area
 Proximity from habitations.

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Efforts shall be made to select the site for locating the construction equipment in such a way
that the adverse impacts on environment are minimal. Efforts must be made to site the
construction equipment, so that the residents of nearby villages are not adversely affected.
During construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement for transportation of
various construction materials to the project site. Large quantity of dust is likely to be entrained
due to the movement of trucks and other heavy vehicles on unpaved road. However, such
ground level emissions do not travel for long distances. In addition, there are no major
habitations in the project area. Thus, no significant impacts are anticipated on this account.
Disposal of Construction Waste
The construction phase would generate significant quantity of waste. As a part of the waste
could be utilized as a construction material and levelling of the construction sites. The balance is
proposed to be disposed-off at designated area. Normally, land is cleared before disposal of
waste. During clearing operation trees are cut, but undergrowth perishes as a result of disposal
of waste. It is necessary to develop a proper muck disposal plan for amelioration of above
referred impacts.
Construction of roads
The project construction would entail significant vehicular movement for transportation of large
construction material, heavy construction equipment. Most of the roads in the project area would
require widening apart from the new roads proposed to be constructed for this project.
ii. Requirement of Land for Project Implementation
The total land required for the project is 499 ha. The details are given in Table-11.6.
Table 11. 6: Land requirement for proposed project
S. No. Component Area (ha)

1. Project components 449
2. Roads 20
3. Muck disposal/Quarry sites 15
4. Contractor’s Facilities 15
Total 499

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At the present level of investigation, the ownership status of land to be acquired is not available.
However, as part of DPR, and CEIA Study, the ownership status of land to be acquired for the
project shall be assessed, appropriate compensatory measures shall be formulated.
11.4.2 Impacts on Water Resources
The construction of the project will lead to formation of Upper Reservoir and Lower reservoir.
The water of river Geor will be used to fill up the Upper reservoir, which will have total storage
capacity of 9.59 MCM, with a live storage of 8.77 MCM. The live storage capacity of Lower
Reservoir is 8.77 MCM. To fill up the Upper reservoir upto FRL, water required for filling is 9.59
MCM. Once the Upper reservoir is filled up, to FRL and Lower reservoir upto MDDL the
same can be used to generate hydropower, which will be stored in the Lower Reservoir
and pumped back to Upper Reservoirs. This cycle will be repeated on a daily basis.
11.4.3 Impacts on Water Quality
i. Construction phase
The major sources of water pollution during project construction phase are as follows:
 Sewage from labour camps/colonies
 Effluent from crushers
Sewage from labour camps
The project construction is likely to last for a period of 4 years. About 800 workers and 200
technical staff are likely to work during project construction phase. However, most of the
employees/workers during construction phase are likely to be employed from outside the project
area. But, the construction phase, also leads to mushrooming of various allied activities to meet
the demand of immigrant labour population in the project area. Therefore, the maximum
increase in the population during construction phase is expected to be of the order of 4,000. The
domestic water requirements of the immigrant population are expected to be of the order of 0.54
mld @ 135 lpcd. It is assumed that about 80% of the water supplied will be generated as
sewage. Thus, the total quantum of sewage generated is expected to be of the order of 0.43
mld. The BOD load contributed by domestic will be about 180 kg/day. The sewage is proposed
to be treated before disposal to avoid deterioration of water quality of river Geor.

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Effluent from crushers
During construction phase, at least crusher will be commissioned at the project site. Water is
required to wash the boulders and to lower the temperature of the crushing edge. About 0.1 m3
of water is required per tonne of material crushed. The effluent from the crusher would contain
high suspended solids. The natural slope in the area is such that, the effluent from the crushers
will ultimately find its way in river Geor through natural drains. Turbidity levels especially, in lean
season may increase on account of disposal of effluents from crushers. To minimise the impact,
it is proposed to treat the effluent before disposal to ameliorate even the marginal impacts likely
to accrue on this account.
ii. Operation phase
Effluent from project colony
During the operation phase, due to absence of any large scale construction activity, the cause
and source of water pollution will be much different. Since, only a small number of O&M staff will
reside in the area in a well-designed colony with sewage treatment plant and other
infrastructural facilities, the problems of water pollution due to disposal of sewage are not
anticipated. In the operation phase, about 50 families (total population of 250) will be residing in
the area. About 0.04 mld of sewage will be generated. The total BOD loading will be of the order
of 12 kg/day. It is proposed to provide biological treatment facilities including secondary
treatment for the sewage so generated. Thus, no impacts are anticipated as a result of disposal
of effluents from the project colony.
11.4.4 Impacts on Terrestrial Flora
Increased human interferences
The direct impact of construction activity for any water resource project in a mountainous terrain
similar to that of proposed project is generally limited in the vicinity of the construction sites only.
As mentioned earlier, a large population (4000) including technical staff, workers, and their
family members are likely to congregate in the area during peak project construction phase. It
can be assumed that the technical staff will be of higher economic status and will live in a more
urbanized habitat, and will not use wood as fuel, if adequate alternate sources of fuel are
provided. However, workers and other population groups residing in the area will use fuel wood,
if no alternate fuel is provided.

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Hence, to minimize impacts, community kitchens have been recommended. These community
kitchens shall use LPG or diesel as fuel. The details shall be outlined in the CEIA Report.
Impacts due to Vehicular movement and blasting
Dust is expected to be generated during blasting, vehicle movement for transportation of

construction material or construction waste. The dust particles shall settle on the foliage of trees
and plants, thereby reduction in amount of sunlight falling on tree foliage. This will reduce the
photosynthetic activity. Based on experience in similar settings, the impact is expected to be
localized upto a maximum of 50 to 100 m from the source. In addition, the area experiences
rainfall for almost 8 to 9 months in a year. Thus, minimal deposition of dust is expected on flora.
Thus, no significant impact is expected on this account.
iii. Operation phase
Acquisition of forest land
The total land required for the project is 499 ha, a part of which would be of forest land.
Compensatory afforestation shall been recommended as a part of CEIA Report. The presence
of rare/endangered species, if any, in the project area, shall be confirmed based on detailed
field studies to be conducted as a part of the CEIA study.
11.4.5 Impacts on Terrestrial Fauna
Disturbance to wildlife
The total land required for the project is 499 ha including land required for Upper Reservoir,
including river bed), and other project appurtenances and project infrastructural &
Constructional facilities.
Based on the review of secondary data, no major wildlife is reported in the proposed
submergence area. The project area and its surroundings are not reported to serve as habitat
for wildlife nor do they lie on any known migratory route. Thus, no impacts are anticipated on
this account.

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Impacts on avi-fauna
Upper reservoir will be created, with quiescent/tranquil conditions. The reservoir banks will have
wet environment throughout the year which can lead to proliferation of vegetation e.g. grass,
etc. along the reservoir banks. Such conditions are generally ideal for various kinds of birds,
especially, water birds. This is expected to increase the avi-faunal population of the area.
ii. Operation phase
During project operation phase, the accessibility to the area will improve due to construction of
roads, which in turn may increase human interferences leading to marginal adverse impacts on
the terrestrial ecosystem. Since significant wildlife population is not found in the region, no major
adverse impacts are anticipated on this account.
11.4.6 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology
Impacts due to discharge of sewage from labour camp/colony
The proposed pumped storage project would envisage the construction of temporary and
permanent residential colonies to accommodate labour and staff engaged in the project. This
would result in emergence of domestic waste water which is usually discharged into the river.
However, it is proposed to commission sewage treatment plant for treatment of domestic
sewage before its disposal in to the river. Thus, as mentioned earlier, no adverse impacts on
water quality are anticipated due to discharge of sewage from labour camp/colony.
ii. Operation Phase
Impacts due to damming of river
The damming of Geor river for construction of upper reservoir and increase in dam height of
lower reservoir will result in creation of upper reservoirs with a total submergence area. The
dam will change the fast flowing river to a quiscent lacustrine environment. The creation of a
pond will bring about a number of alterations in physical, abiotic and biotic parameters both in
upstream and downstream directions of the proposed dam site. The micro and macro benthic
biota is likely to be most severely affected as a result of the proposed project.

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The reduction in flow rate of Geor river especially during lean period is likely to increase turbidity
levels downstream of the dam. Further reduction in rate of flow may even create condition of
semi-dessication in certain stretches of the river. This would result in loss of fish life by
poaching. Hence, it is essential to maintain minimum flow required for well-being of fish life till
the disposal point of the tail race discharge.
11.4.7 Impacts on Noise Environment
Noise due to Construction Equipment
In a water resource project, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected only during the
project construction phase, due to operation of various construction equipment. Likewise, noise
due to quarrying, blasting, vehicular movement will have some adverse impact on the ambient
noise levels in the area. It is a known fact that there is a reduction in noise level as the sound
wave passes through a barrier. The noise transmission loss values for common construction
materials is given in Table-11.7.
Table 11. 7: Noise transmission loss values for various construction materials
Material Thickness (inches) Decrease in noise level

(dB(A))
Light concrete 4 38
6 39
Dense concrete 4 40
Concrete block 4 32
6 36
Brick 4 33
Granite 4 40
Wood Bamboo 15
The walls of various houses will attenuate at least 15 to 30 dBA of noise. In addition, there is
attenuation due to the following factors.
 Air absorption
 Rain
 Atmospheric in homogeneities and atmospheric turbulence.
 Vegetal foliage.

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Thus, no increase in noise levels is anticipated as a result of various activities, during the project
construction phase. The noise is also generated due to blasting during tunneling operations.
However, it is not likely to have any effect on habitations. No major wildlife is observed in and
around the project site. Hence, no significant impacts on wildlife are anticipated as a result of
blasting activities in the proposed project.
11.4.8 Air Pollution
In a water resources project, air pollution occurs mainly during project construction phase. The
major sources of air pollution during construction phase are:
 Pollution Due to Fuel Combustion in Various Equipment
 Emission from Various Crushers
 Fugitive Emissions from various sources.
Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
The operation of various construction equipment requires combustion of fuel. Normally, diesel is
used in such equipment. The major pollutant which gets emitted as a result of combustion of
diesel is SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash content in diesel. The short-term
increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are operating at a common point, is quite
low, i.e. of the order of less than 1g/m3. Hence, no major impact is anticipated on this account
on ambient air quality.
Emissions from crushers
The operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to generate fugitive
emissions, which can move even up to 1 km in predominant wind direction. During construction
phase, one crusher is likely to be commissioned near dam site. During crushing operations,
fugitive emissions comprising mainly the suspended particulate will be generated. Since, there
are no major settlements close to the dam and power house, hence, no major adverse impacts
on this account are anticipated. However, during the layout design, care should be taken to
ensure that the labour camps, colonies, etc. are located on the leeward side and outside the
impact zone (say about 2 km on the wind direction) of the crushers.

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Fugitive Emissions from various sources
During construction phase, there will be increased vehicular movement. Lot of construction
material like sand, fine aggregate are stored at various sites, during the project construction
phase. Normally, due to blowing of winds, especially when the environment is dry, some of the
stored material can get entrained in the atmosphere. However, such impacts are visible only in
and around the storage sites. The impacts on this account are generally, insignificant in nature.
11.4.9 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment
Project construction phase
The construction phase will last for about 4 years. The peak labour force and technical staff
required is estimated at about 1000. The total number of persons inhabiting the area including
the service population will be about 4000. The adverse impacts on ecosystem due to
congregation of such a large population during the construction phase has been detailed in the
respective sections dealing with various disciplines of the environment.
The construction phase of any project is rather an unsettled stage characterized by

uncertainties and often disorders. The basic problem relates to management of large population
which migrate to the construction area in search of jobs.
Those who would migrate to this area are likely to come from various parts of the country having
different cultural, ethnic and social backgrounds. Such a mixture of population has its own
advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include exchange of ideas and cultures
between various groups of people which would not have been possible otherwise. Due to longer
stay of this population in one place, a new culture, having a distinct socio-economic similarity
would develop which will have its own entity.
The benefits however, are always not a certainty and depend on several factors. Often, they are
directly related to the way construction phase is handled by the project authorities and their
sensitivity to various socio-economic problems that could develop during this phase. Job
opportunities will significantly improve in this area.

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Project operation phase
The proposed project involves acquisition of 499 ha of land for various project appurtenances. A
part of the land to be acquired for the project could be private land. A detailed R&R Plan for
Project Affected Families shall be suggested.
11.4.10 Increased Incidence of Water-Related Diseases
The following factors too would lead to the increased incidence of malaria in and around the
project area:
 Aggregation of labour
 Excavation
 Inadequate facilities in labour camp
Aggregation of labour
About 1000 labourers and technical staff will congregate in the project area during peak
construction phase. The total increase in population is expected to be of the order of 4000. Most
of the labour would come from various parts of the country. The labourer would live in
dormitories provided by the Contractor. Proper sanitary facilities are generally provided. Hence,
a proper surveillance and immunization schedule needs to be developed for the labour
population migrating into the project area.
Excavations
The excavation of earth from borrow pits etc. is one of the major factor for the increase in
prevalence of malaria. After excavation of construction material, the depressions are generally
left without treatment where water gets collected. These pools of water, then serves as breeding
grounds for mosquitoes. However, in the present case, the borrow areas are within the river
bed, which in any case remain under water. Thus, no additional habitat for mosquito breeding is
created due to excavation.
The flight of mosquito is generally limited up to 1 to 2 km from the breeding sites. Since, no
residential areas are located within 1 km from the reservoir, periphery, increased incidences of
malaria are not anticipated. However, labour camps, etc. could be vulnerable to increased
incidence of malaria, if proper control measures are not undertaken.

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11.5 Environmental Management Plan
Based on the environmental baseline conditions and project inputs, the adverse impacts will be
identified and a set of measures will be suggested as a part of Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) for their amelioration. An outline of various measures suggested as a part of
Environmental Management Plan is briefly described in the following sections.
11.5.1 Environmental Measures during Construction Phase
Facilities in labour Camps

The aggregation of large number of workers and their families (about 4000) in the project area
during the construction phase, is likely to put considerable stress on the ecosystem of the area.
A community kitchen shall be provided where workers have their meals. The fuel used in the
kitchen shall be LPG. The water for drinking purpose shall be collected from the streams flowing
upstream of the labour camps. The water shall be stored in tanks, treated and supplied for use.
The water quality in general is good and does not require any elaborate treatment. However, if
some problems are anticipated as a result of bacteriological contamination, then suitable
treatment units can be installed.
One community toilet shall be provided per 20 persons. The sewage from community latrines
can be treated in a sewage treatment plant (STP). The effluent from STP shall be disposed off
in nearby water body. The drinking water facilities and waste disposal sites will be located away
from each other.
Solid waste management
The labour colonies will generate substantial amount of municipal wastes. In view of the
condition that might exist in the labour camps most likely the solid wastes will contain majority of
vegetable matter followed by paper and glasses. About 4,000 persons are likely to congregate
during the construction phases resulting in generation of about 0.84 tonnes of solid waste/day.
The solid waste shall be segregated. The bio-degradable shall be treated through vermin-
composting and the non-biodegradable portion shall be disposed by landfill.

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11.5.2 Environmental Management in Road Construction
Approach roads will have to be constructed as a part of the access to the construction site. The
various aspects to be considered while making the project roads are briefly described in the
following paragraphs.
Construction
 Area for clearing shall be kept minimum subject to the technical requirements of the
road.
 The method of balanced cut and fill formation shall be adopted to avoid large difference
in cut and fill quantities.
 The cut slopes shall be suitably protected by breast walls, provision of flat stable slopes,
construction of catch water and intercepting drains, treatment of slopes and unstable
areas above and underneath the road, etc.
 Where rock blasting is involved, controlled blasting techniques shall be adopted to avoid
over-shattering of hill faces.
 Excavated material should not be thrown haphazardly but dumped duly dressed up in a
suitable form at appropriate places where it cannot get easily washed away by rain, and
such spoil deposits may be duly trapped or provided with some vegetative cover.
Drainage
 Drainage of the water from hill slopes and road surface is very important. All artificial
drains shall be linked with the existing natural drainage system.
 Surface drains shall have gentle slopes. Where falls in levels are to be negotiated, check
dams with silting basins shall be constructed and that soil is not eroded and carried
away by high velocity flows.
 Location and alignment of culverts should also be so chosen as to avoid severe erosion
at outlets and siltation at inlets.
11.5.3 Compensation for Acquisition of Forest Land
The Indian Forest Conservation Act (1980) stipulates:

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 If non-forest land is not available, compensatory plantations are to be established on

degraded forest lands, which must be twice the forest area affected or lost, and
 If non-forest land is available, compensatory forest are to be raised over an area

equivalent to the forest area affected or lost.
The total land required for the project is 499 ha, a part of which could be forest land. It is
proposed to afforest the double area of forest land being acquired for the project. The
indigenous species shall be used for afforestation.
11.5.4 Wildlife Conservation
It is recommended that check posts are installed along the following sites to prevent anti-
poaching activities. In view of this it is recommended that 3 check posts be developed. The
location of these check posts could be:
 Near dam sites
 Near Labour camps
Each check posts will have 4 guards to ensure that poaching does not take place in the area.
One range officer will supervise the guards of various check posts. The check post shall have
appropriate transportation and communication facilities. Other infrastructure, like areas and
communities, etc. too shall be provided.
The other measures are listed as below:
 Joint checking and inspection by Project staff with staff of Forest Department.
 There will be strict monitoring of laborers and associated workers for any activity related
to endangering the life or habitat of wild animals and birds.
 Strict restrictions will be imposed on the workers at project sites to ensure that they do
not harvest any produce from the natural forests and cause any danger or harm to the
animals and birds in wild.
 Minimum levels of noise during construction activities will be maintained and no activity
will be carried out at night since where the project site is in the close vicinity of natural
animal/bird habitats.
 The interference of human population would be kept to the minimum and it would be

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ensured that the contractors do not set up labourer colonies in the vicinity of forests and
wilderness areas.
11.5.5 Workers Health and Safety Plan
i. Control of Water-Related Diseases
The increase in water fringe area provides suitable habitats for the growth of vectors of various
diseases and they are likely to increase the incidence of water-related diseases. Malaria could
be the major vector-borne disease in the area. The main breeding seasons of the anopheline
mosquito (malaria vector) are the months of September and March. The preferred habitat is
stagnant or slow-moving fresh water open to sunshine or moderate shade. Malaria can be
controlled by mosquito control and mosquito proofing measures. Mosquito control measures
aim at destroying the habitat and interrupting the life cycle by mechanical or biological or
chemical means. The water resources project consists of various components and each
requires a set of specific management measures. The anti-malarial operations can be
coordinated by various hospitals and Primary Health Centres in the nearby villages in
association with the project authorities.
The site selected for habitation of workers should not be in the path of natural drainage.
Adequate drainage system to dispose storm water drainage from the labour colonies should be
provided. As far as possible opening or degraded forest will be used as camping sites.
Adequate vaccination and immunization facilities shall be provided for workers at the
construction site. The labour camps and resettlement sites should be atleast 2 to 3 km away
from a main water body or quarry areas. Workers would be persuaded not to sleep outside their
houses especially during the mosquito breeding months of March and September.
Proposed Health Facilities at Construction sites and labour camp
A first aid post is to be provided at each of major construction sites, so that workers are
immediately attended to in case of an injury or accident to refer to Dispensary. This first-aid post
will have at least the following facilities:
- First aid box with essential medicines including ORS packets
- First aid appliances-splints and dressing materials

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- Stretcher, wheel chair, etc.
11.5.6 Control of Air Pollution
Minor air quality impacts will be caused by emissions from construction vehicles, equipment and
DG sets, and emissions from transportation traffic. Frequent truck trips will be required during
the construction period for removal of excavated material and delivery of select concrete and
other equipment and materials. The following measures are recommended to control air
pollution:
 DG sets are to be used as back up services.
 The contractor will be responsible for maintaining properly functioning construction

equipment to minimize exhaust.
 Construction equipment and vehicles will be turned off when not used for extended periods
of time.
 Unnecessary idling of construction vehicles to be prohibited.
 Effective traffic management to be undertaken to avoid significant delays in and around the
project area.
Dust Control
To minimize issues related to the generation of dust during the construction phase of the
project, the following measures have been identified:
 Identification of construction limits (minimal area required for construction activities).
 When necessary, stockpiling of excavated material will be covered or staged offsite

location with muck being delivered as needed during the course of construction.
 Excessive soil on paved areas will be sprayed (wet) and/or swept and unpaved areas will
be sprayed and/or mulched. The use of petroleum products or similar products for such
activities will be strictly prohibited.
 Contractors will be required to cover stockpiled soils and trucks hauling soil, sand, and
other loose materials (or require trucks to maintain at least two feet of freeboard).
 Contractor shall ensure that there is effective traffic management at site. The number of
trucks/vehicles to move at various construction sites to be fixed.

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 Unpaved roads will be sprinkled with water on regular basis to suppress the dust,
contractors should have two sets of water tanker for their approach roads while within the
project area outside the purview of contractor.
 Dust sweeping - The construction area and vicinity (access roads, and working areas)
shall be swept with water sweepers on a daily basis or as necessary to ensure there is no
visible dust.
11.5.7 Noise Control Measures
The contractors will be required to maintain properly functioning equipment and comply with
occupational safety and health standards. The construction equipment will be required to use
available noise suppression devices and properly maintained mufflers.
 vehicles to be equipped with mufflers recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
 staging of construction equipment and unnecessary idling of equipment within noise

sensitive areas to be avoided whenever possible.
 monitoring of noise levels will be conducted during the construction phase of the project.
In case of exceeding of pre-determined acceptable noise levels by the machinery will
require the contractor(s) to stop work and remedy the situation prior to continuing
construction.
 Idling of vehicles will be discouraged to prevent noise and air pollution.
The following Noise Standards for DG sets are recommended for the running of DG sets during
the construction:
 The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator sets with rated
capacity upto 1000 KVA shall be 75 dB(A) at distance of 1 m from the enclosure surface.
 Noise from the DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by

treating the enclosure acoustically.
 The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for minimum
25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the
higher side.
 The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler to attenuate noise level
by atleast 25 dB(A).

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 A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set
and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent
noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.
 It is known that continuous exposure to noise levels above 90 dB(A) affects the hearing
of the workers/operators and hence has to be avoided. Other physiological and
psychological effects have also been reported in literature, but the effect on hearing
acuity has been specially stressed.
To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by international specialist organizations that
the exposure period of affected persons be limited as specified by Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) in Table-11.8.
Table 11. 8: Maximum Exposure Periods specified by OSHA
Maximum equivalent continuous noise Unprotected exposure period per day for 8
level dB(A) hrs/day and 5 days/week
90 8
95 4
100 2
105 1
110 ½
¼
115
No exposure permitted at or above this level
11.5.8 Landscaping and Restoration Plan
The working area of dam site, power house complex colony area have been selected for
beautification of the project area after construction is over. The reservoir created due to the
construction of dam may be a local point of tourist attraction. This could be used for sport
fishing, so there is a need to construct benches for sitting, development of resting sheds and
footpath. The beautification would be carried out by developing flowering beds for plantation
ornamental plant and flower garden.
There would be sufficient open space in power house complex and colony area. Forested area
in the power house complex would provide aesthetic view and add to natural seismic beauty.
The beautification in the colony area would be carried out by development of flowering beds for
plantation of ornamental plant, creepers, flower garden and a small park, construction of
benches for sitting, resting sheds, walk way and fountain.

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11.5.9 Greenbelt Development Plan
The green belt on periphery of the low reservoirs will reduce the sedimentation and ensure
protection of the reservoir area from any other human activity that could result in the reservoir
catchment damage. On moderately steep slopes tree species will be planted for the creation of
green belt which are indigenous, economically important, soil binding in nature and an thrive
well under high humidity and flood conditions.
11.5.10 Fisheries Management Plan
Stocking of reservoirs
The commissioning of the proposed Dangari Pumped Storage Project will increase the water
spread area by increasing the submergence area by creation of Upper Reservoir. This reservoir
can be used for fish culture. A detailed programme shall be suggested as part of the CEIA
study.
Release of Environmental Flows
A detailed study shall be conducted as a part of the CEIA study to assess the minimum flow
requirements for the period in which Upper Reservoir is being filled up.
11.6 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan
About 499 ha of land is to be acquired for various project appurtenances and project activities.
Based on the present level of investigations, the number of project affected families is not
available. The number of families likely to lose land will be finalized as a part of DPR
preparation. In addition, information of any family losing homestead or other private properties
shall also be ascertained.
The compensation for acquisition of private land would be paid to the respective land owners/
land titleholders as per the provisions of “Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”.

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11.7 Catchment Area Treatment
The following aspects are proposed as a part of the Catchment Area Treatment Plan to be
prepared as a part of the CEIA study:
 Delineation of micro-watersheds in the river catchment and mapping of critically

degraded areas requiring various biological and engineering treatment measures.
 Identification of area for treatment based upon Remote Sensing & GIS methodology and
Silt Yield Index (SYI) method of AISLUS coupled with ground survey.
 Prioritization of watershed for treatment based upon SYI.
 Spatial Information in each micro watershed to be earmarked on maps.
 CAT plan would be prepared with year-wise Physical and financial details.
The CAT Plan shall be prepared for catchment of both Upper and Lower Reservoirs. The
proposed project has two dams, upper dam and lower dam. Following Engineering and
Biological measures shall be suggested as a part of the Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan
depending upon the requirement and suitability:
a. Afforestation
 Normal Afforestation
 Enrichment Plantation
 Development of nurseries
 Pasture Development
 Vegetative Fencing
 Social Forestry
b. Soil & Water Conservation
 Check Dam
 Drainage line treatment
c. Research Training and Capacity Building
 Training and Capacity Building of Staff and communities
 Site Specific research

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d. Infrastructure Development
 Holistic Support to Staff
 Operational Support to Staff
 Maintenance of Departmental Buildings and inspection paths
11.8 Energy Conservation Measures
Various construction and other activities of the proposed Dangari Pumped Storage project
would lead to increased demand for fuel wood in the project area and its vicinity and would
therefore exert pressure on forest areas located around the project. It is estimated that during
the construction of the project, around 6,200 labourers, technical staff and their families will be
working. Majority of the labour force will be outsiders and it will be very important to meet their
energy requirement in an ecologically sustainable manner.
To provide an alternate for the energy requirement of the workers, contractor/s will be made
responsible to provide subsidized kerosene/LPG to their workers which will in turn discourage
them from illegal tree felling and removal of fuel wood and timber from the adjoining forests.
11.8.1 Energy Conservation during Construction Phase
The following energy conservation measures would be undertaken during construction works:
 Efficient work scheduling and methods that minimize equipment idle time and double
handling of material
 Throttling down and switching off construction equipment when not in use
 Switching off truck engines while they are waiting to access the site and while they
are waiting to be loaded and unloaded
 Switching off site office equipment and lights and using optimum lighting intensity for
security and safety purposes
 Careful design of temporary roads to reduce transportation distance
 Regular maintenance of equipment to ensure optimum operations and fuel efficiency
 The specification of energy efficient construction equipment.

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11.8.2 Energy Conservation during Operation Phase
The following energy conservation measures would be implemented during operation phase:
 Development of heating, cooling and lighting use in buildings through climate-

responsive design and conservation practices.
 Employing renewable energy sources such as day lighting and passive solar heating.
 Optimizing building performance and system control strategies, such as controlling

lights with occupancy sensors and controlling comfort.
 Maximizing the use of solar power for signage and pedestrian lighting.
 Designing roads on site to reduce transportation distances.
11.9 Local Area Development Plan (LADP)
The key objective of the plan is to empower, upgrade and also to provide basic facilities within
the vicinity to the families of the study area villages as well as partially affected villages. Villages
which are going to be fully affected, relocated, shall be provided R&R benefits.
The following aspects have been proposed to be covered as a part of Local Area Development
plan.
 Up gradation of Educational Facilities
 Improvement of Health Care and Medical Facilities
 Infrastructure Development
 Economic Development
 Social and Cultural Development.
11.10 Greenbelt Development
The details of Greenbelt development are given as below:
 Plantation will be done along the boundaries of project colony
 Inter-connecting/approach roads of various project components, within the colonies,

working sites, etc. shall be covered with avenue plantation.

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 Available space within the colonies will be brought under Greenbelt for plantation of fruit,
ornamental and shade trees along with shrubs, climbers etc. Fruit trees can be protected
with angle iron guards.
 During the initial phase of plantation and summer seasons, watering of plants can be
done. In addition, if required farm yard manure and agro-chemicals can also be applied.
 Along the road sides, 2 to 3 rows of ornamental trees can be planted.
 At the construction site and colony sites, the width of Greenbelt development can be
increased depending on the quantum of land available.
 Thickness of greenbelt along reservoir periphery can be about 4 – 6 m.
 The saplings for Greenbelt can be processed from nearby nurseries of the Forest
Department.
11.11 Disaster Management Plan
A Dam Break Analysis using HECRAS Model shall be conducted as a part of the study Based
on the findings of the study, an inundation map will be prepared. The dam break shall be
studied for the worst-case scenario, i.e., simultaneous failure of Upper and Lower dams.
A Disaster Management Plan comprising of the following measures too shall be proposed. The
following measures shall be suggested as a part of the Disaster Management Plan:
 Dam Safety and Maintenance Manual

 Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
 Administration and Procedural Aspects
 Preventive Action
 Communication System
 Notifications
 Evacuations Plans and Evacuation Team
 Public Awareness for Disaster Mitigation
 Management after receding of Flood Water

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11.12 Environmental Monitoring Programme
The Environmental monitoring programme for implementation during construction and operation
phases is given in Tables-11.9 and 11.10 respectively.
Table 11. 9: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project Construction Phase
S. No. Item Parameters Frequency Location

1. Effluent from pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Once every Before and after
sewage TDS month treatment from
treatment sewage treatment
plants plant
2. Water- Identification of water Three times a Labour camps and
related related diseases, year colonies
diseases adequacy of local
vector control and
curative measure, etc.
3. Noise Equivalent noise level Once in three At major
(Leq) months construction sites.
4. Air quality PM10, SO2 and NO2 Once every At major
season construction sites
Table 11. 10: Environmental Monitoring Programme during Project Operation Phase
S. No. Items Parameters Frequency Location
1. Water pH, Temperature, EC, Thrice a year  Upper Reservoir
Turbidity, Total  Lower Reservoir
Dissolved Solids,  1 km and 5 km
Calcium, Magnesium, downstream of
Total Hardness, upper and lower
Chlorides, Sulphates, reservoir
Nitrates, DO. COD,
BOD, Iron, Zinc,
Manganese
2. Effluent from pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Once every Before and after
Sewage TDS week treatment from
Treatment Sewage Treatment
Plant (STP) Plant (STP)
3. Ecology Status of afforestation Once in 2 years -
programmes of green
belt development
4. Water- Identification of water- Three times a Villages adjacent to
related related diseases, year project sites
diseases sites, adequacy of
local vector control
measures, etc.

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S. No. Items Parameters Frequency Location

5. Aquatic Phytoplanktons, Once a year  Upper Reservoir
ecology zooplanktons, benthic  Lower Reservoir
life, fish composition  1 km and 5 km
downstream of
upper and lower
reservoir
6. Landuse Landuse pattern using Once in a year Catchment area of
satellite data upper and lower
reservoir
7. Soils pH, EC, texture, Once in a year Catchment area of
organic matter upper and lower
reservoir
11.13 Cost Estimates
The cost for implementation of mitigation measures is Rs. 3280 lakh. The details are given in
Table-11.11. The above cost is exclusive of R&R Plan, Compensatory Afforestation, Bio-
diversity Conservation Plan, Wildlife Conservation Plan, Local Area Development Plan and
Catchment Area Treatment Plan.
Table 11. 11: Cost for Implementing Mitigation Measures
S. No. Item Cost (Rs. lakh)

1. Landscaping and Restoration of Construction Areas 100.00
2. Stabilization of Muck Disposal Sites 300.00
3. Environmental Management in Road Construction 300.00
4. Solid waste Management 100.00
5. Sanitary facilities in labour camps 200.00
6. Treatment of Effluents from Crushers 10.00
7. Treatment of effluents from batching plants 10.00
8. Treatment of effluent from fabrication units and workshops 10.00
9. Provision of Free Fuel 300.00
10. Habitat Improvement for Avi-Fauna 100.00
11. Public Health Delivery System 400.00
12. Disaster Management Plan 100.00
13. Greenbelt Development Plan 20.00
14. Restoration of Quarries 200.00
15. Fisheries Management Plan 130.00
16. Environmental Monitoring Programme during construction 200.00
phase
17. Miscellaneous Expenses including compensatory afforestation 800.00
Total 3280.00

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Feasibility Report
11.14 Conclusions
Based on the preliminary assessment of environmental issues considered in the present

Chapter, it can be concluded that the project is likely to entail certain adverse environmental
impacts. However, these can be ameliorated to a large extent by implementing appropriate
mitigatory measures. It is proposed to conduct, a detailed Comprehensive EIA study is being
conducted with an objective to assess various impacts likely to accrue as a result of
construction and operation of the proposed project. Appropriate management measures too
shall be delineated as a part of Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which will be covered
as a part of the Comprehensive EIA Study.

CHAPTER-12
COST ESTIMATE
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER – 12 ..................................................................................................................... 1
12. COST ESTIMATES................................................................................................. 1
12.1 Project Cost ............................................................................................................ 1
12.2 Basis of Estimate .................................................................................................... 1
12.3 Classification of Civil Works into Minor Head/Sub Heads ........................................ 2
12.3.1 Direct Charges ........................................................................................................ 2
12.3.2 Indirect Charges ..................................................................................................... 5
12.4 Electro-Mechanical Works ...................................................................................... 5
Chapter – 12: Cost Estimates Page i

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CHAPTER – 12
COST ESTIMATES
12.1 Project Cost
A summary of the cost estimate, including direct and indirect charges for the Civil & Electro-
mechanical works at Feb, 2023 Price Level has been worked out as given below:
Item Estimated Cost (₹ Crores)
Civil Works 2942.20
Electro-mechanical Works 2167.87
Total 5110.07
The estimate has been prepared to arrive at the capital cost of Pumped Storage Project,
Chhattisgarh. The estimate is of feasibility level and has been prepared based on “Guidelines
for preparation of cost estimates for River Valley Projects” published by Central Water
Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi. The Abstract of Cost is enclosed at in the relevant
chapter of this report. The detailed estimate is presented at Annexure – 12.
12.2 Basis of Estimate
The estimates for Civil & Hydro-Mechanical works have been prepared based on:
1. The basis of rates of principal items viz, Cement, Steel, P.O.L. etc. received from the
WRD Schedule of Rates (2010), Chhattisgarh. The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) for
various construction materials for the month of Feb 2023 have been applied.
2. The rates which were not available through WPI have been adopted by updating to
current price level from the recently approved H.E. Projects having similar parameters
and working conditions.
3. The rates of materials are inclusive of GST.
4. Escalation during construction period not considered.
Quantity estimate have been carried out by calculating the quantities of different work items
involved. Unit rate corresponding to major item of works have been worked out by analysis of
rate based on SoR and prevailing market rates. Some rates of major item of works, lump sum
provision have been made based on the other similar projects. The following guidelines have
been referred for the preparation of this cost estimate:
Chapter – 12: Cost Estimates Page 1 of 7

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 “Guidelines for Formulation of Detailed Project Reports for Pumped Storage Project”
dated Jun 2023 by Central Electricity Authority, Govt. of India.
 “Guidelines for preparation of Detailed Project Report of Irrigation and Multipurpose

projects” 2010 by Central Water Commission, Govt. of India.
12.3 Classification of Civil Works into Minor Head/Sub Heads
The cost has been classified into direct and indirect charges and covered under the following
minor heads:
Direct Charges
I. Works
II. Establishment
III. Tools and Plants
IV. Receipts and Recoveries on Capital Account
Indirect Charges
I. Capitalized Value of Abatement of Land Revenue
II. Audit and Account Charges
12.3.1 Direct Charges
I –Works
Current Cost = ₹ 2814.00 Crores
The minor head I-Works has been subdivided into the following detailed subheads:
A-Preliminary
Current Cost: ₹ 47.48 Crores
Under this head provision has been made for surveys and investigations to be conducted at
DPR stage and later to arrive at the optimum of the project components. Provision for in-house
Design & Engineering and consultancy charges has been kept under this head as 2% of cost
of C & J Works.
B-Land
This covers the provision for acquisition of land/lease charges for construction of the project,
structures, colonies, offices etc. and the provision for Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R)
of Project Affected Persons.

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C- Works
This sub-head covers the cost of Upper Dam and associated Hydro-mechanical equipment.
J- Power Plant Civil Works
Current Cost ₹ 1423.03 Crores
This covers the cost of Civil Works of Power Tunnel Intake structures, Pressure Shaft, Access
Tunnels & Adits, Power-House, Transformer Cavern, Bus Duct, Draft Tube, Tail Race Tunnel
& Outfall Intake structure etc. along with associated Hydro-mechanical equipment.
K- Buildings
A provision @ 4% of C-J Works has been made towards temporary and permanent buildings
(both residential and non-residential) proposed to be built in colonies for various locations of
the project area. The buildings included under the permanent category are all those buildings,
which will be subsequently utilized during the state of running and maintenance of the project.
M- Plantation
The provision under this head includes cost of plantation in colonies, along approach roads,
landscaping and improvements of area around powerhouse.
O- Miscellaneous
Under this head provision is generally made to cover the cost of the following miscellaneous
works:
a) Capital cost of electrification, water supply, sewage disposal, firefighting equipment etc.
b) Repair and maintenance of electrification water supply, sewage disposal, medical

assistance, recreation, post office telephone office security arrangements, firefighting,
inspection vehicles, schools, transport of labour etc.
c) Other services such as laboratory testing, R&M of Guest House and transit camps,
Community center and photographic instruments as well as R&M charges etc.
As the estimate is of feasibility level, percentage provision @ 4% of C-J works has been
considered towards head O- Miscellaneous.

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Feasibility Report
P- Maintenance
For maintenance of buildings, roads and other structures during construction period, provision
@ 1% of C-works, J-Power Plant civil works, K- buildings have been kept.
Q- Special T&P
It is assumed that the work will be carried through Contracts and accordingly nominal provision
for procurement of necessary equipment for taking up the work at the earliest by the contractor
have been made. The total expenditure towards this will be recovered from the contractors
and the same is credited under receipt and recoveries.
Adequate provision is made for inspection vehicles and cost for resale of vehicles is accounted
for under receipt and recoveries.
R-Communication
Provision under this head covers the cost of construction of roads and bridges for project
works. The provision is Lump sum only at this stage based on preliminary assessments as
detailing shall be done later on.
X-Environment and Ecology
Provision under this head covers Bio-diversity Conservation, Creation of green belt,
Restoration of Construction Area, Catchment Area Treatment and Compensatory
Afforestation etc.
Y-Losses on Stock
The provision under this head has been made @ 0.25% of the cost of C, J & K.
II-Establishment
 Provision for establishment including establishment of cost control cell at the project and
Head Quarter Level has been made as per ““Guidelines for Formulation of Detailed

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Feasibility Report
Project Reports for Pumped Storage Project” dated Jun 2023 by Central Electricity
Authority, Govt. of India @ 4 % of I- Works except B- Land.
III- Tools & Plants
The provision is distinct from that under Q-Special T&P and is meant to cover cost of survey
instruments, camp equipment and other small tools & plants. A provision of 1% of I-works has
been kept under this head.
IV- Receipt & Recoveries
Current Cost’s. (-) ₹ 15 Crores
The provision under this head covers the estimated recoveries by way of resale of temporary
buildings, transfer of construction equipment, inspection vehicles, generators etc. Provision @
75% of Q- Special T&P has been considered towards IV=Receipt & Recoveries.
12.3.2 Indirect Charges
Current Cost: 5.30 Crores
Provisions under this head have been made for capitalized value of abatement of land
revenue. Besides, provision for Audit & Account Charges has been made at 0.25% of the cost
of I-Works.
12.4 Electro-Mechanical Works
The total cost of Electro-Mechanical works at Feb, 2023 level works out to be: ₹ 2167.87
Crores, which includes, the cost of main Electro-Mechanical equipment such as turbines,
generators, transformers etc. based on the prevailing market prices in India and abroad.
Suitable provision for transportation, erection and commissioning charges, freight and
insurance etc. have been adequately made as per general guidelines issued by CEA.
Provision for establishment and Audit and Account charges for the electro-mechanical works
have also been made under this cost separately.

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DANGARI PUMPED STOARGE PROJECT (4X350 MW)

ABSTRACT COST ESTIMATE - CIVIL WORKS
S. Total Amount
DESCRIPTION
No. (₹ Crores)
A DIRECT CHARGES
I WORKS
1 A – Preliminary 47.48
2 B – Land 70.00
3 C – Works 950.92
4 J - Power Plant Civil works 1423.03
5 K – Buildings 94.96
6 M – Plantation 5.00
7 O – Miscellaneous 94.96
8 P – Maintenance 24.69
9 Q - Special T&P 20.00
10 R – Communication 35.00
11 X - Environment & Ecology 41.80
12 Y- Losses on stock @ 0.25% of C, J, K 6.17
Total of I - Works 2814.00
II ESTABLISHMENT @ 4% of (I Works except B- Land) 109.76
III TOOLS & PLANTS (LS) @1% of I Works 28.14
IV SUSPENSE 0.00
V RECEIPTS & RECOVERIES -15.00
Total Direct Charges (Including taxes) 2936.90
B INDIRECT CHARGES

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Feasibility Report
Capitalisation of abatement of land revenue at 5% of cost of

I 0.30
Cultivated Land
Audit & Account Charges @ 0.25% of I-Works not exceeding

II 5.00
₹ 5 Crores
Total Indirect Charges 5.30
Total Cost of Civil Works (Direct Charges + Indirect Charges) 2942.20
Total Cost of Electro- Mechanical Works 2167.87
Total Project Cost excluding IDC 5110.07

CHAPTER-13
ECONOMIC EVALUATION
(4 x 350 MW)
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER – 13 ...................................................................................................................... 1
13. Economic Evaluation ................................................................................................... 1
13.1. General ........................................................................................................................ 1
13.2. Project Benefits............................................................................................................ 1
13.3. Capital Cost ................................................................................................................. 1
13.4. Mode of Financing ....................................................................................................... 1
13.5. Phasing of Expenditure ................................................................................................ 1
13.6. Financial Analysis ........................................................................................................ 2
13.6.1 Basic and Normative Parameters.............................................................................. 2
13.6.2 Assessment of Tariff ................................................................................................. 3
Chapter – 13: Economic Evaluation Page i

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CHAPTER – 13
ECONOMIC EVALUATION
13. Economic Evaluation
13.1. General
The economic and financial evaluation of the Dangari Pumped Storage Project, Chhattisgarh
has been considered as per the standard guidelines issued by Central Electricity Authority
and the norms laid down by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for Hydro
projects have been kept in view in this regard.
13.2. Project Benefits
The scheme would afford on annual peaking period energy generation of 2895.67 GWh
annually considering the project operation for one cycle for 5 Hrs 40 minutes peaking per
day with design energy generation of 2750.88 GWh, calculated with 95% capacity
availability. However, project can also generate 4343.5 GWh annually considering the
project operation for one and half cycle for 8 hours 30 minutes peaking per day with design
energy generation of 4126.325 GWh, calculated with 95% capacity availability.
13.3. Capital Cost
The project cost has been estimated at ₹ 5110.07 Crores at PL Feb 2023 without IDC as
given below:
1. Cost of civil works = ₹ 2942.20 Crores

2. Cost of Electrical/Mechanical works = ₹ 2167.87 Crores
Total = ₹ 5110.07 Crores
13.4. Mode of Financing
The project is proposed to be financed with a debt equity ratio of 80:20. An interest rate of
9.26% on the loan component has been considered for the financial analysis of the project.
The interest on the working capital is taken as 10.5%.
13.5. Phasing of Expenditure
The project is scheduled to be completed in 5 years including 1 year as pre construction

from the financial closure in all respects. The phasing of the expenditure worked out on the
Chapter – 13: Economic Evaluation Page 1 of 4

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basis of proposed construction programme is summarized in Table 13.1.
Table – 13.1
Phasing of Expenditure
Half Year Capital Expenditure

(₹. Crores)
st
Up-to 1 Half Year 78.07
nd
2 Half Year 80.96
rd
3 Half Year 266.13
th
4 Half Year 796.45
th
5 Half Year 825.95
th
6 Half Year 1116.78
th
7 Half Year 1158.15
8th Half Year 680.58
th
9 Half Year 549.64
10th Half Year 465.91
Total 6018.63
13.6. Financial Analysis
13.6.1 Basic and Normative Parameters

The following normative parameters have been adopted for working out the financial
analysis of the project.
i. The estimated capital cost of ₹ 6018.63 Cr. including the Interest during Construction
as ₹ 908.56 Crores
ii. Considering 365 days generation, Annual gross energy generation of 2895.67 GWh
annually with project operation for one cycle for 5 Hrs 40 minutes peaking per day
and 4343.5 GWh annually with project operation for one and half cycle for 8 hours 30
minutes peaking per day
iii. Operation & maintenance expenses (including insurance) @ 3.5% of the project cost
in the first year with 4.77% escalation every year.
iv. Depreciation allowed @ 5.28 % of the project cost for first 16 years and remaining
depreciation is spread over the balance life i.e., 24 years on an average basis
keeping 10% salvage value of the assets.
v. Auxiliary consumption i.e., quantum of energy consumed by auxiliary equipment of

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
the generating station and transformer loss @ 1.25 % of the energy generated.
vi. Interest on working capital @ 10.5%.
vii. Interest during construction has been worked out based upon the interest rates @
9.26 %. The computations are given in Annexure-13.1 for present day capital cost.
viii. Return on equity @ 16.5%
ix. Pump-Generation Cycle efficiency @ 78.31%
x. Pumping Energy Required 3697.68 GWh in One cycle and 5546.52 GWh in One and
half cycle
xi. MAT @ 17.01 %
xii. Corporate Tax – 25.17%
xiii. Tax Holiday – 10 Years
xiv. Project Life - 40 Years
13.6.2 Assessment of Tariff

Based upon the parameters given above, the sale rate of energy at bus bar has been
computed in Annexure-13.
The sale rate applicable in the first year and levelized tariff is indicated below in Table 13.2.
Table 13.2
Conversion Conversion
Off
cost of the cost of the
Peak
Sl. First Levelized project First Levelized project
Energy
No. Tariff Tariff (excluding Refer Tariff Tariff (excluding Refer
Rate
(₹/kWh) (₹/kWh) pumping (₹/kWh) (₹/kWh) pumping
(₹/kWh)
cost) cost)
(₹/kWh) (₹/kWh)
Annex-
Annex- 3.91 4.18
1. 1 5.57 5.17 13.8
13.3
Annex-
Annex- 4.60 4.86
2. 1.5 6.26 5.86 13.9
13.4
Annex- Annex-
5.29 5.55 2.53
3. 2 6.95 6.55 3.80 13.5 13.10
Annex- Annex-
4. 2.5 7.64 7.24 13.6 5.98 6.24 13.11
Annex- Annex-
5. 3 8.33 7.93 13.7 6.67 6.93 13.12

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Further, as per office memorandum dated 08.03.2022, Measures to promote hydro power
sector by Ministry of Power, a budgetary support to cost of enabling infrastructure for hydro
power projects in the form of grant can be availed, the conversion cost shall be as follows in
Table 13.3:
Table 13.3
Sl. No. Grant Conversion cost of the project (excluding pumping cost)
(₹/kWh)
1-Cycle Operation 1.5-Cycle Operation

1 100% (equivalent
to Rs 1 Cr /MW= 2.76 1.84
Rs 1400 Cr.)
2 50% (equivalent to
3.28 2.18
= Rs 700 Cr.)

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Annexure – 13
Chapter-13: Economic Evaluation

Annexure-13.1
Dangiri PSP (4x350=1400 MW)
INTEREST DURING CONSTRUCTION (IDC)
1 Total Cost of the Project INR 5110.07 Cr.

2 Interst Rate on Loan 9.26 % per annum
3 Equity 20.0 %
4 Loan 80.0 %
5 CERC Gudelines followed 2019-24
Phasing of
Period Hard Cost Equity Loan IDC Loan for Equity for Outstanding
expendtiure
IDC IDC Loan
Half year % INR Cr. INR Cr. INR Cr. INR Cr. INR Cr. INR Cr. INR Cr.
1 1.5 76.65 15.33 61.32 1.42 1.14 0.28 62.46
2 1.5 76.65 15.33 61.32 4.31 3.45 0.86 127.23
3 5 255.50 51.10 204.40 10.62 8.50 2.12 340.13
4 15 766.51 153.30 613.21 29.94 23.95 5.99 977.29
5 15 766.51 153.30 613.21 59.44 47.56 11.89 1638.05
6 20 1022.01 204.40 817.61 94.77 75.82 18.95 2531.48
7 20 1022.01 204.40 817.61 136.14 108.91 27.23 3458.00
8 10 511.01 102.20 408.81 169.57 135.66 33.91 4002.46
9 7 357.70 71.54 286.16 191.94 153.55 38.39 4442.18
10 5 255.50 51.10 204.40 210.40 168.32 42.08 4814.90
100 5110.07 1022.01 4088.06 908.56 726.85 181.71
Hard Cost INR 5110.07 Cr. Equity INR 1203.73 Cr.

IDC INR 908.56 Cr. Loan INR 4814.90 Cr.
Total Capital Cost INR 6018.63 Cr. Total Capital Cost INR 6018.63 Cr.
Annexure-13.2
S.No Parameters Unit Value S.No Parameters Unit Value S.No Parameters Unit Value S.No Parameters Unit Value
1 Installed Capacity MW 1400.00 11 ROE % 16.50 14 Interest rate on W.C % 10.50 22 Equity INR in Crs 1203.73
2 Normative availability % 95.00 12 Working capital 15 O&M Expenses % 3.50 23 Loan INR in Crs 4814.90
3 Annual Energy Generation GWh 2895.67 Total cost INR in Crs 6018.63
Annual Energy Generation

4 GWh 2750.89 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability
16 O&M Escalation rate % 4.77 24 Interest on Loan % 9.26
5 Secondary Energy GWh 0.00 ii) O&M expenses Months 1.00 17 Discount Rate % 11.70 25 Repay Period Yrs 16.00
6 Transformation losses % 0.50 iii) Receivables days 45.00 18 Depreciation Rate % 5.28 26 Hard Cost INR in Crs 5110.07
7 Auxiliary Consumption % 0.70 13 i) MAT 17.01% 19 Max Dep Allowed INR Cr. 4599.06 27 Project Life Years 40
8 Transmission losses % 0.00 II) Tax 25.17% 20 Energy Required for pumping GWh 3697.68
9 Free Power % 0.00 III) Tax holiday years 10.00 21 Rate for off peak energy INR 0.00
10 Net Saleble energy GWh 2717.97 per unit
Loan W.C Intt on Annual Energy Discount Discounted

Outstanding Intt on Charges for
Year ROE O&M Depreciation Principle Tarrif
Principal Loan Loan Pumping
Paid Installment O&M Spares Recievables Total W.C Expenses Free Sold Factor Tariff
INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. INR in Cr. GWh GWh INR/KWh INR/KWh
1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 140.61 182.34 19.15 0.00 1140.50 0.00 2717.97 4.20 1.00 4.20
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 138.58 182.30 19.14 0.00 1124.04 0.00 2717.97 4.14 0.90 3.70
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 136.60 182.41 19.15 0.00 1108.01 0.00 2717.97 4.08 0.80 3.27
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 134.68 182.68 19.18 0.00 1092.42 0.00 2717.97 4.02 0.72 2.88
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 132.82 183.10 19.23 0.00 1077.29 0.00 2717.97 3.96 0.64 2.55
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 131.01 183.69 19.29 0.00 1062.65 0.00 2717.97 3.91 0.58 2.25
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 129.27 184.46 19.37 0.00 1048.51 0.00 2717.97 3.86 0.51 1.99
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 127.59 185.42 19.47 0.00 1034.91 0.00 2717.97 3.81 0.46 1.76
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 125.98 186.57 19.59 0.00 1021.87 0.00 2717.97 3.76 0.41 1.55
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 124.45 187.92 19.73 0.00 1009.41 0.00 2717.97 3.71 0.37 1.37
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 126.25 192.75 20.24 0.00 1024.01 0.00 2717.97 3.77 0.33 1.25
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 124.87 194.54 20.43 0.00 1012.81 0.00 2717.97 3.73 0.30 1.10
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 123.57 196.57 20.64 0.00 1002.28 0.00 2717.97 3.69 0.27 0.98
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 122.36 198.84 20.88 0.00 992.45 0.00 2717.97 3.65 0.24 0.87
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 121.24 201.37 21.14 0.00 983.37 0.00 2717.97 3.62 0.21 0.77
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 117.33 201.28 21.13 0.00 951.70 0.00 2717.97 3.50 0.19 0.67
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 82.86 170.81 17.94 0.00 672.06 0.00 2717.97 2.47 0.17 0.42
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 85.16 177.31 18.62 0.00 690.72 0.00 2717.97 2.54 0.15 0.39
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 87.57 184.11 19.33 0.00 710.28 0.00 2717.97 2.61 0.14 0.36
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 90.09 191.25 20.08 0.00 730.76 0.00 2717.97 2.69 0.12 0.33
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 92.74 198.72 20.87 0.00 752.23 0.00 2717.97 2.77 0.11 0.30
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 95.51 206.54 21.69 0.00 774.71 0.00 2717.97 2.85 0.10 0.28
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 98.42 214.75 22.55 0.00 798.27 0.00 2717.97 2.94 0.09 0.26
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 101.46 223.34 23.45 0.00 822.95 0.00 2717.97 3.03 0.08 0.24
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 104.65 232.34 24.40 0.00 848.81 0.00 2717.97 3.12 0.07 0.22
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 107.99 241.77 25.39 0.00 875.91 0.00 2717.97 3.22 0.06 0.20
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 111.49 251.65 26.42 0.00 904.29 0.00 2717.97 3.33 0.06 0.19
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 115.16 262.00 27.51 0.00 934.04 0.00 2717.97 3.44 0.05 0.17
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 119.00 272.85 28.65 0.00 965.19 0.00 2717.97 3.55 0.05 0.16
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 123.02 284.21 29.84 0.00 997.84 0.00 2717.97 3.67 0.04 0.15
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 127.24 296.12 31.09 0.00 1032.04 0.00 2717.97 3.80 0.04 0.14
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 131.66 308.59 32.40 0.00 1067.88 0.00 2717.97 3.93 0.03 0.13
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 136.28 321.66 33.77 0.00 1105.42 0.00 2717.97 4.07 0.03 0.12
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 141.13 335.35 35.21 0.00 1144.75 0.00 2717.97 4.21 0.03 0.11
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 146.21 349.70 36.72 0.00 1185.96 0.00 2717.97 4.36 0.02 0.10
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 151.54 364.73 38.30 0.00 1229.14 0.00 2717.97 4.52 0.02 0.09
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 157.11 380.47 39.95 0.00 1274.37 0.00 2717.97 4.69 0.02 0.09
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 162.96 396.97 41.68 0.00 1321.77 0.00 2717.97 4.86 0.02 0.08
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 169.08 414.25 43.50 0.00 1371.42 0.00 2717.97 5.05 0.01 0.08
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 175.49 432.36 45.40 0.00 1423.44 0.00 2717.97 5.24 0.01 0.07
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 35.80
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 3.80
Annexure-13.3

4 GWh 2750.89 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 186.80 228.53 24.00 369.77 1515.12 0.00 2717.97 5.57 1.00 5.57
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 184.77 228.49 23.99 369.77 1498.66 0.00 2717.97 5.51 0.90 4.94
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 182.79 228.60 24.00 369.77 1482.63 0.00 2717.97 5.45 0.80 4.37
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 180.87 228.86 24.03 369.77 1467.03 0.00 2717.97 5.40 0.72 3.87
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 179.00 229.28 24.07 369.77 1451.91 0.00 2717.97 5.34 0.64 3.43
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 177.20 229.88 24.14 369.77 1437.26 0.00 2717.97 5.29 0.58 3.04
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 175.45 230.65 24.22 369.77 1423.13 0.00 2717.97 5.24 0.51 2.70
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 173.78 231.60 24.32 369.77 1409.53 0.00 2717.97 5.19 0.46 2.39
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 172.17 232.75 24.44 369.77 1396.49 0.00 2717.97 5.14 0.41 2.12
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 170.63 234.11 24.58 369.77 1384.03 0.00 2717.97 5.09 0.37 1.88
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 172.43 238.94 25.09 369.77 1398.62 0.00 2717.97 5.15 0.33 1.70
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 171.05 240.73 25.28 369.77 1387.42 0.00 2717.97 5.10 0.30 1.51
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 169.75 242.75 25.49 369.77 1376.89 0.00 2717.97 5.07 0.27 1.34
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 168.54 245.02 25.73 369.77 1367.07 0.00 2717.97 5.03 0.24 1.19
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 167.42 247.55 25.99 369.77 1357.99 0.00 2717.97 5.00 0.21 1.06
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 163.52 247.47 25.98 369.77 1326.32 0.00 2717.97 4.88 0.19 0.93
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 129.04 217.00 22.78 369.77 1046.68 0.00 2717.97 3.85 0.17 0.66
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 131.34 223.49 23.47 369.77 1065.34 0.00 2717.97 3.92 0.15 0.60
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 133.75 230.30 24.18 369.77 1084.89 0.00 2717.97 3.99 0.14 0.54
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 136.28 237.43 24.93 369.77 1105.38 0.00 2717.97 4.07 0.12 0.50
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 138.93 244.90 25.71 369.77 1126.84 0.00 2717.97 4.15 0.11 0.45
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 141.70 252.73 26.54 369.77 1149.33 0.00 2717.97 4.23 0.10 0.41
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 144.60 260.93 27.40 369.77 1172.89 0.00 2717.97 4.32 0.09 0.38
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 147.65 269.52 28.30 369.77 1197.57 0.00 2717.97 4.41 0.08 0.35
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 150.83 278.52 29.25 369.77 1223.43 0.00 2717.97 4.50 0.07 0.32
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 154.17 287.96 30.24 369.77 1250.53 0.00 2717.97 4.60 0.06 0.29
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 157.67 297.84 31.27 369.77 1278.91 0.00 2717.97 4.71 0.06 0.26
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 161.34 308.19 32.36 369.77 1308.65 0.00 2717.97 4.81 0.05 0.24
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 165.18 319.04 33.50 369.77 1339.81 0.00 2717.97 4.93 0.05 0.22
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 169.21 330.40 34.69 369.77 1372.46 0.00 2717.97 5.05 0.04 0.20
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 173.42 342.30 35.94 369.77 1406.66 0.00 2717.97 5.18 0.04 0.19
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 177.84 354.78 37.25 369.77 1442.49 0.00 2717.97 5.31 0.03 0.17
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 182.47 367.85 38.62 369.77 1480.04 0.00 2717.97 5.45 0.03 0.16
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 187.32 381.54 40.06 369.77 1519.37 0.00 2717.97 5.59 0.03 0.15
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 192.40 395.88 41.57 369.77 1560.58 0.00 2717.97 5.74 0.02 0.13
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 197.72 410.91 43.15 369.77 1603.76 0.00 2717.97 5.90 0.02 0.12
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 203.30 426.66 44.80 369.77 1648.99 0.00 2717.97 6.07 0.02 0.11
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 209.14 443.16 46.53 369.77 1696.38 0.00 2717.97 6.24 0.02 0.10
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 215.26 460.44 48.35 369.77 1746.04 0.00 2717.97 6.42 0.01 0.10
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 221.68 478.55 50.25 369.77 1798.06 0.00 2717.97 6.62 0.01 0.09
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 48.80
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 5.17
Annexure-13.4

4 GWh 2750.89 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 209.89 251.62 26.42 554.65 1702.43 0.00 2717.97 6.26 1.00 6.26
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 207.86 251.58 26.42 554.65 1685.97 0.00 2717.97 6.20 0.90 5.55
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 205.88 251.69 26.43 554.65 1669.94 0.00 2717.97 6.14 0.80 4.92
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 203.96 251.95 26.46 554.65 1654.34 0.00 2717.97 6.09 0.72 4.37
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 202.09 252.38 26.50 554.65 1639.21 0.00 2717.97 6.03 0.64 3.87
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 200.29 252.97 26.56 554.65 1624.57 0.00 2717.97 5.98 0.58 3.44
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 198.55 253.74 26.64 554.65 1610.44 0.00 2717.97 5.93 0.51 3.05
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 196.87 254.70 26.74 554.65 1596.84 0.00 2717.97 5.88 0.46 2.71
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 195.26 255.85 26.86 554.65 1583.79 0.00 2717.97 5.83 0.41 2.40
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 193.73 257.20 27.01 554.65 1571.34 0.00 2717.97 5.78 0.37 2.14
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 195.53 262.03 27.51 554.65 1585.93 0.00 2717.97 5.83 0.33 1.93
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 194.14 263.82 27.70 554.65 1574.73 0.00 2717.97 5.79 0.30 1.72
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 192.85 265.85 27.91 554.65 1564.20 0.00 2717.97 5.76 0.27 1.53
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 191.64 268.12 28.15 554.65 1554.38 0.00 2717.97 5.72 0.24 1.36
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 190.52 270.64 28.42 554.65 1545.30 0.00 2717.97 5.69 0.21 1.21
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 186.61 270.56 28.41 554.65 1513.63 0.00 2717.97 5.57 0.19 1.06
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 152.14 240.09 25.21 554.65 1233.99 0.00 2717.97 4.54 0.17 0.77
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 154.44 246.59 25.89 554.65 1252.65 0.00 2717.97 4.61 0.15 0.70
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 156.85 253.39 26.61 554.65 1272.20 0.00 2717.97 4.68 0.14 0.64
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 159.37 260.52 27.36 554.65 1292.69 0.00 2717.97 4.76 0.12 0.58
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 162.02 268.00 28.14 554.65 1314.15 0.00 2717.97 4.84 0.11 0.53
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 164.79 275.82 28.96 554.65 1336.64 0.00 2717.97 4.92 0.10 0.48
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 167.70 284.02 29.82 554.65 1360.20 0.00 2717.97 5.00 0.09 0.44
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 170.74 292.62 30.72 554.65 1384.88 0.00 2717.97 5.10 0.08 0.40
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 173.93 301.62 31.67 554.65 1410.74 0.00 2717.97 5.19 0.07 0.36
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 177.27 311.05 32.66 554.65 1437.83 0.00 2717.97 5.29 0.06 0.33
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 180.77 320.93 33.70 554.65 1466.22 0.00 2717.97 5.39 0.06 0.30
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 184.43 331.28 34.78 554.65 1495.96 0.00 2717.97 5.50 0.05 0.28
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 188.28 342.13 35.92 554.65 1527.12 0.00 2717.97 5.62 0.05 0.25
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 192.30 353.49 37.12 554.65 1559.77 0.00 2717.97 5.74 0.04 0.23
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 196.52 365.40 38.37 554.65 1593.97 0.00 2717.97 5.86 0.04 0.21
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 200.93 377.87 39.68 554.65 1629.80 0.00 2717.97 6.00 0.03 0.19
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 205.56 390.94 41.05 554.65 1667.34 0.00 2717.97 6.13 0.03 0.18
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 210.41 404.63 42.49 554.65 1706.68 0.00 2717.97 6.28 0.03 0.16
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 215.49 418.98 43.99 554.65 1747.89 0.00 2717.97 6.43 0.02 0.15
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 220.82 434.01 45.57 554.65 1791.06 0.00 2717.97 6.59 0.02 0.14
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 226.39 449.75 47.22 554.65 1836.30 0.00 2717.97 6.76 0.02 0.13
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 232.24 466.25 48.96 554.65 1883.69 0.00 2717.97 6.93 0.02 0.12
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 238.36 483.53 50.77 554.65 1933.35 0.00 2717.97 7.11 0.01 0.11
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 244.77 501.64 52.67 554.65 1985.37 0.00 2717.97 7.30 0.01 0.10
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 55.30
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 5.86
Annexure-13.5

4 GWh 2750.89 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 232.98 274.71 28.84 739.54 1889.74 0.00 2717.97 6.95 1.00 6.95
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 230.95 274.68 28.84 739.54 1873.28 0.00 2717.97 6.89 0.90 6.17
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 228.98 274.78 28.85 739.54 1857.24 0.00 2717.97 6.83 0.80 5.48
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 227.05 275.05 28.88 739.54 1841.65 0.00 2717.97 6.78 0.72 4.86
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 225.19 275.47 28.92 739.54 1826.52 0.00 2717.97 6.72 0.64 4.32
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 223.38 276.06 28.99 739.54 1811.88 0.00 2717.97 6.67 0.58 3.83
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 221.64 276.83 29.07 739.54 1797.75 0.00 2717.97 6.61 0.51 3.41
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 219.96 277.79 29.17 739.54 1784.14 0.00 2717.97 6.56 0.46 3.03
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 218.36 278.94 29.29 739.54 1771.10 0.00 2717.97 6.52 0.41 2.69
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 216.82 280.29 29.43 739.54 1758.65 0.00 2717.97 6.47 0.37 2.39
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 218.62 285.12 29.94 739.54 1773.24 0.00 2717.97 6.52 0.33 2.16
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 217.24 286.91 30.13 739.54 1762.04 0.00 2717.97 6.48 0.30 1.92
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 215.94 288.94 30.34 739.54 1751.51 0.00 2717.97 6.44 0.27 1.71
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 214.73 291.21 30.58 739.54 1741.69 0.00 2717.97 6.41 0.24 1.52
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 213.61 293.74 30.84 739.54 1732.60 0.00 2717.97 6.37 0.21 1.35
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 209.70 293.66 30.83 739.54 1700.94 0.00 2717.97 6.26 0.19 1.19
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 175.23 263.18 27.63 739.54 1421.30 0.00 2717.97 5.23 0.17 0.89
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 177.53 269.68 28.32 739.54 1439.96 0.00 2717.97 5.30 0.15 0.81
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 179.94 276.49 29.03 739.54 1459.51 0.00 2717.97 5.37 0.14 0.73
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 182.47 283.62 29.78 739.54 1480.00 0.00 2717.97 5.45 0.12 0.67
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 185.11 291.09 30.56 739.54 1501.46 0.00 2717.97 5.52 0.11 0.60
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 187.88 298.92 31.39 739.54 1523.95 0.00 2717.97 5.61 0.10 0.55
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 190.79 307.12 32.25 739.54 1547.51 0.00 2717.97 5.69 0.09 0.50
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 193.83 315.71 33.15 739.54 1572.19 0.00 2717.97 5.78 0.08 0.45
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 197.02 324.71 34.09 739.54 1598.05 0.00 2717.97 5.88 0.07 0.41
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 200.36 334.14 35.08 739.54 1625.14 0.00 2717.97 5.98 0.06 0.38
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 203.86 344.02 36.12 739.54 1653.53 0.00 2717.97 6.08 0.06 0.34
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 207.53 354.37 37.21 739.54 1683.27 0.00 2717.97 6.19 0.05 0.31
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 211.37 365.22 38.35 739.54 1714.43 0.00 2717.97 6.31 0.05 0.28
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 215.39 376.58 39.54 739.54 1747.07 0.00 2717.97 6.43 0.04 0.26
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 219.61 388.49 40.79 739.54 1781.28 0.00 2717.97 6.55 0.04 0.24
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 224.03 400.96 42.10 739.54 1817.11 0.00 2717.97 6.69 0.03 0.22
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 228.66 414.03 43.47 739.54 1854.65 0.00 2717.97 6.82 0.03 0.20
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 233.51 427.72 44.91 739.54 1893.99 0.00 2717.97 6.97 0.03 0.18
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 238.59 442.07 46.42 739.54 1935.20 0.00 2717.97 7.12 0.02 0.17
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 243.91 457.10 48.00 739.54 1978.37 0.00 2717.97 7.28 0.02 0.15
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 249.49 472.84 49.65 739.54 2023.61 0.00 2717.97 7.45 0.02 0.14
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 255.33 489.34 51.38 739.54 2071.00 0.00 2717.97 7.62 0.02 0.13
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 261.45 506.63 53.20 739.54 2120.65 0.00 2717.97 7.80 0.01 0.12
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 267.86 524.73 55.10 739.54 2172.68 0.00 2717.97 7.99 0.01 0.11
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 61.80
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 6.55
Annexure-13.6

4 GWh 2750.89 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 256.07 297.81 31.27 924.42 2077.05 0.00 2717.97 7.64 1.00 7.64
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 254.05 297.77 31.27 924.42 2060.59 0.00 2717.97 7.58 0.90 6.79
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 252.07 297.88 31.28 924.42 2044.55 0.00 2717.97 7.52 0.80 6.03
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 250.15 298.14 31.30 924.42 2028.96 0.00 2717.97 7.46 0.72 5.36
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 248.28 298.56 31.35 924.42 2013.83 0.00 2717.97 7.41 0.64 4.76
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 246.48 299.16 31.41 924.42 1999.19 0.00 2717.97 7.36 0.58 4.23
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 244.73 299.93 31.49 924.42 1985.05 0.00 2717.97 7.30 0.51 3.76
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 243.06 300.88 31.59 924.42 1971.45 0.00 2717.97 7.25 0.46 3.34
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 241.45 302.03 31.71 924.42 1958.41 0.00 2717.97 7.21 0.41 2.97
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 239.91 303.39 31.86 924.42 1945.95 0.00 2717.97 7.16 0.37 2.64
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 241.71 308.21 32.36 924.42 1960.55 0.00 2717.97 7.21 0.33 2.39
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 240.33 310.01 32.55 924.42 1949.35 0.00 2717.97 7.17 0.30 2.12
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 239.03 312.03 32.76 924.42 1938.82 0.00 2717.97 7.13 0.27 1.89
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 237.82 314.30 33.00 924.42 1929.00 0.00 2717.97 7.10 0.24 1.68
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 236.70 316.83 33.27 924.42 1919.91 0.00 2717.97 7.06 0.21 1.50
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 232.80 316.75 33.26 924.42 1888.25 0.00 2717.97 6.95 0.19 1.32
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 198.32 286.28 30.06 924.42 1608.61 0.00 2717.97 5.92 0.17 1.01
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 200.62 292.77 30.74 924.42 1627.27 0.00 2717.97 5.99 0.15 0.91
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 203.03 299.58 31.46 924.42 1646.82 0.00 2717.97 6.06 0.14 0.83
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 205.56 306.71 32.20 924.42 1667.31 0.00 2717.97 6.13 0.12 0.75
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 208.20 314.18 32.99 924.42 1688.77 0.00 2717.97 6.21 0.11 0.68
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 210.98 322.01 33.81 924.42 1711.26 0.00 2717.97 6.30 0.10 0.62
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 213.88 330.21 34.67 924.42 1734.82 0.00 2717.97 6.38 0.09 0.56
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 216.92 338.80 35.57 924.42 1759.50 0.00 2717.97 6.47 0.08 0.51
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 220.11 347.80 36.52 924.42 1785.36 0.00 2717.97 6.57 0.07 0.46
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 223.45 357.23 37.51 924.42 1812.45 0.00 2717.97 6.67 0.06 0.42
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 226.95 367.12 38.55 924.42 1840.84 0.00 2717.97 6.77 0.06 0.38
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 230.62 377.47 39.63 924.42 1870.58 0.00 2717.97 6.88 0.05 0.35
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 234.46 388.31 40.77 924.42 1901.74 0.00 2717.97 7.00 0.05 0.32
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 238.49 399.68 41.97 924.42 1934.38 0.00 2717.97 7.12 0.04 0.29
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 242.70 411.58 43.22 924.42 1968.59 0.00 2717.97 7.24 0.04 0.26
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 247.12 424.06 44.53 924.42 2004.42 0.00 2717.97 7.37 0.03 0.24
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 251.75 437.12 45.90 924.42 2041.96 0.00 2717.97 7.51 0.03 0.22
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 256.60 450.82 47.34 924.42 2081.30 0.00 2717.97 7.66 0.03 0.20
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 261.68 465.16 48.84 924.42 2122.51 0.00 2717.97 7.81 0.02 0.18
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 267.00 480.19 50.42 924.42 2165.68 0.00 2717.97 7.97 0.02 0.17
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 272.58 495.94 52.07 924.42 2210.92 0.00 2717.97 8.13 0.02 0.15
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 278.42 512.43 53.81 924.42 2258.31 0.00 2717.97 8.31 0.02 0.14
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 284.54 529.72 55.62 924.42 2307.96 0.00 2717.97 8.49 0.01 0.13
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 290.96 547.83 57.52 924.42 2359.99 0.00 2717.97 8.68 0.01 0.12
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 68.30
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 7.24
Annexure-13.7

4 GWh 2750.89 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 279.17 320.90 33.69 1109.30 2264.35 0.00 2717.97 8.33 1.00 8.33
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 277.14 320.86 33.69 1109.30 2247.90 0.00 2717.97 8.27 0.90 7.40
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 275.16 320.97 33.70 1109.30 2231.86 0.00 2717.97 8.21 0.80 6.58
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 273.24 321.23 33.73 1109.30 2216.27 0.00 2717.97 8.15 0.72 5.85
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 271.37 321.66 33.77 1109.30 2201.14 0.00 2717.97 8.10 0.64 5.20
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 269.57 322.25 33.84 1109.30 2186.50 0.00 2717.97 8.04 0.58 4.63
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 267.83 323.02 33.92 1109.30 2172.36 0.00 2717.97 7.99 0.51 4.11
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 266.15 323.98 34.02 1109.30 2158.76 0.00 2717.97 7.94 0.46 3.66
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 264.54 325.13 34.14 1109.30 2145.72 0.00 2717.97 7.89 0.41 3.26
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 263.01 326.48 34.28 1109.30 2133.26 0.00 2717.97 7.85 0.37 2.90
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 264.80 331.31 34.79 1109.30 2147.86 0.00 2717.97 7.90 0.33 2.61
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 263.42 333.10 34.98 1109.30 2136.66 0.00 2717.97 7.86 0.30 2.33
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 262.13 335.12 35.19 1109.30 2126.13 0.00 2717.97 7.82 0.27 2.07
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 260.91 337.40 35.43 1109.30 2116.31 0.00 2717.97 7.79 0.24 1.85
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 259.79 339.92 35.69 1109.30 2107.22 0.00 2717.97 7.75 0.21 1.65
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 255.89 339.84 35.68 1109.30 2075.56 0.00 2717.97 7.64 0.19 1.45
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 221.41 309.37 32.48 1109.30 1795.91 0.00 2717.97 6.61 0.17 1.13
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 223.71 315.87 33.17 1109.30 1814.58 0.00 2717.97 6.68 0.15 1.02
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 226.13 322.67 33.88 1109.30 1834.13 0.00 2717.97 6.75 0.14 0.92
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 228.65 329.80 34.63 1109.30 1854.62 0.00 2717.97 6.82 0.12 0.83
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 231.30 337.27 35.41 1109.30 1876.08 0.00 2717.97 6.90 0.11 0.75
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 234.07 345.10 36.24 1109.30 1898.56 0.00 2717.97 6.99 0.10 0.68
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 236.97 353.30 37.10 1109.30 1922.12 0.00 2717.97 7.07 0.09 0.62
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 240.02 361.89 38.00 1109.30 1946.81 0.00 2717.97 7.16 0.08 0.56
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 243.21 370.90 38.94 1109.30 1972.67 0.00 2717.97 7.26 0.07 0.51
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 246.55 380.33 39.93 1109.30 1999.76 0.00 2717.97 7.36 0.06 0.46
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 250.05 390.21 40.97 1109.30 2028.15 0.00 2717.97 7.46 0.06 0.42
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 253.71 400.56 42.06 1109.30 2057.89 0.00 2717.97 7.57 0.05 0.38
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 257.55 411.41 43.20 1109.30 2089.05 0.00 2717.97 7.69 0.05 0.35
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 261.58 422.77 44.39 1109.30 2121.69 0.00 2717.97 7.81 0.04 0.32
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 265.80 434.68 45.64 1109.30 2155.89 0.00 2717.97 7.93 0.04 0.29
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 270.21 447.15 46.95 1109.30 2191.73 0.00 2717.97 8.06 0.03 0.26
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 274.84 460.22 48.32 1109.30 2229.27 0.00 2717.97 8.20 0.03 0.24
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 279.69 473.91 49.76 1109.30 2268.60 0.00 2717.97 8.35 0.03 0.22
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 284.77 488.25 51.27 1109.30 2309.81 0.00 2717.97 8.50 0.02 0.20
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 290.09 503.28 52.84 1109.30 2352.99 0.00 2717.97 8.66 0.02 0.18
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 295.67 519.03 54.50 1109.30 2398.23 0.00 2717.97 8.82 0.02 0.16
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 301.51 535.53 56.23 1109.30 2445.62 0.00 2717.97 9.00 0.02 0.15
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 307.64 552.81 58.05 1109.30 2495.27 0.00 2717.97 9.18 0.01 0.14
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 314.05 570.92 59.95 1109.30 2547.29 0.00 2717.97 9.37 0.01 0.13
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 74.80
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 7.93
Annexure-13.8

4 GWh 4126.33 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 140.61 182.34 19.15 0.00 1140.50 0.00 4076.96 2.80 1.00 2.80
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 138.58 182.30 19.14 0.00 1124.04 0.00 4076.96 2.76 0.90 2.47
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 136.60 182.41 19.15 0.00 1108.01 0.00 4076.96 2.72 0.80 2.18
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 134.68 182.68 19.18 0.00 1092.42 0.00 4076.96 2.68 0.72 1.92
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 132.82 183.10 19.23 0.00 1077.29 0.00 4076.96 2.64 0.64 1.70
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 131.01 183.69 19.29 0.00 1062.65 0.00 4076.96 2.61 0.58 1.50
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 129.27 184.46 19.37 0.00 1048.51 0.00 4076.96 2.57 0.51 1.32
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 127.59 185.42 19.47 0.00 1034.91 0.00 4076.96 2.54 0.46 1.17
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 125.98 186.57 19.59 0.00 1021.87 0.00 4076.96 2.51 0.41 1.03
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 124.45 187.92 19.73 0.00 1009.41 0.00 4076.96 2.48 0.37 0.91
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 126.25 192.75 20.24 0.00 1024.01 0.00 4076.96 2.51 0.33 0.83
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 124.87 194.54 20.43 0.00 1012.81 0.00 4076.96 2.48 0.30 0.74
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 123.57 196.57 20.64 0.00 1002.28 0.00 4076.96 2.46 0.27 0.65
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 122.36 198.84 20.88 0.00 992.45 0.00 4076.96 2.43 0.24 0.58
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 121.24 201.37 21.14 0.00 983.37 0.00 4076.96 2.41 0.21 0.51
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 117.33 201.28 21.13 0.00 951.70 0.00 4076.96 2.33 0.19 0.44
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 82.86 170.81 17.94 0.00 672.06 0.00 4076.96 1.65 0.17 0.28
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 85.16 177.31 18.62 0.00 690.72 0.00 4076.96 1.69 0.15 0.26
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 87.57 184.11 19.33 0.00 710.28 0.00 4076.96 1.74 0.14 0.24
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 90.09 191.25 20.08 0.00 730.76 0.00 4076.96 1.79 0.12 0.22
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 92.74 198.72 20.87 0.00 752.23 0.00 4076.96 1.85 0.11 0.20
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 95.51 206.54 21.69 0.00 774.71 0.00 4076.96 1.90 0.10 0.19
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 98.42 214.75 22.55 0.00 798.27 0.00 4076.96 1.96 0.09 0.17
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 101.46 223.34 23.45 0.00 822.95 0.00 4076.96 2.02 0.08 0.16
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 104.65 232.34 24.40 0.00 848.81 0.00 4076.96 2.08 0.07 0.15
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 107.99 241.77 25.39 0.00 875.91 0.00 4076.96 2.15 0.06 0.14
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 111.49 251.65 26.42 0.00 904.29 0.00 4076.96 2.22 0.06 0.12
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 115.16 262.00 27.51 0.00 934.04 0.00 4076.96 2.29 0.05 0.12
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 119.00 272.85 28.65 0.00 965.19 0.00 4076.96 2.37 0.05 0.11
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 123.02 284.21 29.84 0.00 997.84 0.00 4076.96 2.45 0.04 0.10
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 127.24 296.12 31.09 0.00 1032.04 0.00 4076.96 2.53 0.04 0.09
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 131.66 308.59 32.40 0.00 1067.88 0.00 4076.96 2.62 0.03 0.08
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 136.28 321.66 33.77 0.00 1105.42 0.00 4076.96 2.71 0.03 0.08
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 141.13 335.35 35.21 0.00 1144.75 0.00 4076.96 2.81 0.03 0.07
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 146.21 349.70 36.72 0.00 1185.96 0.00 4076.96 2.91 0.02 0.07
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 151.54 364.73 38.30 0.00 1229.14 0.00 4076.96 3.01 0.02 0.06
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 157.11 380.47 39.95 0.00 1274.37 0.00 4076.96 3.13 0.02 0.06
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 162.96 396.97 41.68 0.00 1321.77 0.00 4076.96 3.24 0.02 0.05
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 169.08 414.25 43.50 0.00 1371.42 0.00 4076.96 3.36 0.01 0.05
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 175.49 432.36 45.40 0.00 1423.44 0.00 4076.96 3.49 0.01 0.05
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 23.87
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 2.53
Annexure-13.9

4 GWh 4126.33 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 209.89 251.62 26.42 554.65 1702.43 0.00 4076.96 4.18 1.00 4.18
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 207.86 251.58 26.42 554.65 1685.97 0.00 4076.96 4.14 0.90 3.70
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 205.88 251.69 26.43 554.65 1669.94 0.00 4076.96 4.10 0.80 3.28
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 203.96 251.95 26.46 554.65 1654.34 0.00 4076.96 4.06 0.72 2.91
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 202.09 252.38 26.50 554.65 1639.21 0.00 4076.96 4.02 0.64 2.58
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 200.29 252.97 26.56 554.65 1624.57 0.00 4076.96 3.98 0.58 2.29
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 198.55 253.74 26.64 554.65 1610.44 0.00 4076.96 3.95 0.51 2.03
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 196.87 254.70 26.74 554.65 1596.84 0.00 4076.96 3.92 0.46 1.81
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 195.26 255.85 26.86 554.65 1583.79 0.00 4076.96 3.88 0.41 1.60
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 193.73 257.20 27.01 554.65 1571.34 0.00 4076.96 3.85 0.37 1.42
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 195.53 262.03 27.51 554.65 1585.93 0.00 4076.96 3.89 0.33 1.29
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 194.14 263.82 27.70 554.65 1574.73 0.00 4076.96 3.86 0.30 1.14
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 192.85 265.85 27.91 554.65 1564.20 0.00 4076.96 3.84 0.27 1.02
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 191.64 268.12 28.15 554.65 1554.38 0.00 4076.96 3.81 0.24 0.90
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 190.52 270.64 28.42 554.65 1545.30 0.00 4076.96 3.79 0.21 0.81
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 186.61 270.56 28.41 554.65 1513.63 0.00 4076.96 3.71 0.19 0.71
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 152.14 240.09 25.21 554.65 1233.99 0.00 4076.96 3.03 0.17 0.52
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 154.44 246.59 25.89 554.65 1252.65 0.00 4076.96 3.07 0.15 0.47
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 156.85 253.39 26.61 554.65 1272.20 0.00 4076.96 3.12 0.14 0.43
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 159.37 260.52 27.36 554.65 1292.69 0.00 4076.96 3.17 0.12 0.39
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 162.02 268.00 28.14 554.65 1314.15 0.00 4076.96 3.22 0.11 0.35
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 164.79 275.82 28.96 554.65 1336.64 0.00 4076.96 3.28 0.10 0.32
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 167.70 284.02 29.82 554.65 1360.20 0.00 4076.96 3.34 0.09 0.29
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 170.74 292.62 30.72 554.65 1384.88 0.00 4076.96 3.40 0.08 0.27
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 173.93 301.62 31.67 554.65 1410.74 0.00 4076.96 3.46 0.07 0.24
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 177.27 311.05 32.66 554.65 1437.83 0.00 4076.96 3.53 0.06 0.22
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 180.77 320.93 33.70 554.65 1466.22 0.00 4076.96 3.60 0.06 0.20
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 184.43 331.28 34.78 554.65 1495.96 0.00 4076.96 3.67 0.05 0.18
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 188.28 342.13 35.92 554.65 1527.12 0.00 4076.96 3.75 0.05 0.17
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 192.30 353.49 37.12 554.65 1559.77 0.00 4076.96 3.83 0.04 0.15
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 196.52 365.40 38.37 554.65 1593.97 0.00 4076.96 3.91 0.04 0.14
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 200.93 377.87 39.68 554.65 1629.80 0.00 4076.96 4.00 0.03 0.13
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 205.56 390.94 41.05 554.65 1667.34 0.00 4076.96 4.09 0.03 0.12
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 210.41 404.63 42.49 554.65 1706.68 0.00 4076.96 4.19 0.03 0.11
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 215.49 418.98 43.99 554.65 1747.89 0.00 4076.96 4.29 0.02 0.10
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 220.82 434.01 45.57 554.65 1791.06 0.00 4076.96 4.39 0.02 0.09
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 226.39 449.75 47.22 554.65 1836.30 0.00 4076.96 4.50 0.02 0.08
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 232.24 466.25 48.96 554.65 1883.69 0.00 4076.96 4.62 0.02 0.08
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 238.36 483.53 50.77 554.65 1933.35 0.00 4076.96 4.74 0.01 0.07
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 244.77 501.64 52.67 554.65 1985.37 0.00 4076.96 4.87 0.01 0.07
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 36.87
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 3.91
Annexure-13.10

4 GWh 4126.33 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 244.53 286.26 30.06 831.98 1983.39 0.00 4076.96 4.86 1.00 4.86
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 242.50 286.22 30.05 831.98 1966.93 0.00 4076.96 4.82 0.90 4.32
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 240.52 286.33 30.06 831.98 1950.90 0.00 4076.96 4.79 0.80 3.84
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 238.60 286.59 30.09 831.98 1935.31 0.00 4076.96 4.75 0.72 3.41
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 236.73 287.02 30.14 831.98 1920.18 0.00 4076.96 4.71 0.64 3.03
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 234.93 287.61 30.20 831.98 1905.53 0.00 4076.96 4.67 0.58 2.69
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 233.19 288.38 30.28 831.98 1891.40 0.00 4076.96 4.64 0.51 2.39
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 231.51 289.34 30.38 831.98 1877.80 0.00 4076.96 4.61 0.46 2.12
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 229.90 290.49 30.50 831.98 1864.76 0.00 4076.96 4.57 0.41 1.89
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 228.37 291.84 30.64 831.98 1852.30 0.00 4076.96 4.54 0.37 1.68
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 230.17 296.67 31.15 831.98 1866.90 0.00 4076.96 4.58 0.33 1.51
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 228.78 298.46 31.34 831.98 1855.69 0.00 4076.96 4.55 0.30 1.35
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 227.49 300.48 31.55 831.98 1845.17 0.00 4076.96 4.53 0.27 1.20
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 226.28 302.76 31.79 831.98 1835.34 0.00 4076.96 4.50 0.24 1.07
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 225.16 305.28 32.05 831.98 1826.26 0.00 4076.96 4.48 0.21 0.95
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 221.25 305.20 32.05 831.98 1794.59 0.00 4076.96 4.40 0.19 0.84
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 186.77 274.73 28.85 831.98 1514.95 0.00 4076.96 3.72 0.17 0.63
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 189.08 281.23 29.53 831.98 1533.61 0.00 4076.96 3.76 0.15 0.57
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 191.49 288.03 30.24 831.98 1553.17 0.00 4076.96 3.81 0.14 0.52
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 194.01 295.16 30.99 831.98 1573.65 0.00 4076.96 3.86 0.12 0.47
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 196.66 302.63 31.78 831.98 1595.12 0.00 4076.96 3.91 0.11 0.43
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 199.43 310.46 32.60 831.98 1617.60 0.00 4076.96 3.97 0.10 0.39
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 202.33 318.66 33.46 831.98 1641.16 0.00 4076.96 4.03 0.09 0.35
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 205.38 327.25 34.36 831.98 1665.84 0.00 4076.96 4.09 0.08 0.32
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 208.57 336.26 35.31 831.98 1691.70 0.00 4076.96 4.15 0.07 0.29
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 211.91 345.69 36.30 831.98 1718.80 0.00 4076.96 4.22 0.06 0.27
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 215.41 355.57 37.33 831.98 1747.18 0.00 4076.96 4.29 0.06 0.24
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 219.07 365.92 38.42 831.98 1776.92 0.00 4076.96 4.36 0.05 0.22
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 222.91 376.77 39.56 831.98 1808.08 0.00 4076.96 4.43 0.05 0.20
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 226.94 388.13 40.75 831.98 1840.73 0.00 4076.96 4.51 0.04 0.18
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 231.16 400.04 42.00 831.98 1874.93 0.00 4076.96 4.60 0.04 0.17
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 235.57 412.51 43.31 831.98 1910.76 0.00 4076.96 4.69 0.03 0.15
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 240.20 425.58 44.69 831.98 1948.31 0.00 4076.96 4.78 0.03 0.14
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 245.05 439.27 46.12 831.98 1987.64 0.00 4076.96 4.88 0.03 0.13
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 250.13 453.62 47.63 831.98 2028.85 0.00 4076.96 4.98 0.02 0.12
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 255.46 468.64 49.21 831.98 2072.03 0.00 4076.96 5.08 0.02 0.11
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 261.03 484.39 50.86 831.98 2117.26 0.00 4076.96 5.19 0.02 0.10
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 266.88 500.89 52.59 831.98 2164.66 0.00 4076.96 5.31 0.02 0.09
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 273.00 518.17 54.41 831.98 2214.31 0.00 4076.96 5.43 0.01 0.08
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 279.41 536.28 56.31 831.98 2266.33 0.00 4076.96 5.56 0.01 0.07
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 43.37
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 4.60
Annexure-13.11

4 GWh 4126.33 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 279.17 320.90 33.69 1109.30 2264.35 0.00 4076.96 5.55 1.00 5.55
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 277.14 320.86 33.69 1109.30 2247.90 0.00 4076.96 5.51 0.90 4.94
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 275.16 320.97 33.70 1109.30 2231.86 0.00 4076.96 5.47 0.80 4.39
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 273.24 321.23 33.73 1109.30 2216.27 0.00 4076.96 5.44 0.72 3.90
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 271.37 321.66 33.77 1109.30 2201.14 0.00 4076.96 5.40 0.64 3.47
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 269.57 322.25 33.84 1109.30 2186.50 0.00 4076.96 5.36 0.58 3.08
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 267.83 323.02 33.92 1109.30 2172.36 0.00 4076.96 5.33 0.51 2.74
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 266.15 323.98 34.02 1109.30 2158.76 0.00 4076.96 5.30 0.46 2.44
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 264.54 325.13 34.14 1109.30 2145.72 0.00 4076.96 5.26 0.41 2.17
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 263.01 326.48 34.28 1109.30 2133.26 0.00 4076.96 5.23 0.37 1.93
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 264.80 331.31 34.79 1109.30 2147.86 0.00 4076.96 5.27 0.33 1.74
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 263.42 333.10 34.98 1109.30 2136.66 0.00 4076.96 5.24 0.30 1.55
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 262.13 335.12 35.19 1109.30 2126.13 0.00 4076.96 5.21 0.27 1.38
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 260.91 337.40 35.43 1109.30 2116.31 0.00 4076.96 5.19 0.24 1.23
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 259.79 339.92 35.69 1109.30 2107.22 0.00 4076.96 5.17 0.21 1.10
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 255.89 339.84 35.68 1109.30 2075.56 0.00 4076.96 5.09 0.19 0.97
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 221.41 309.37 32.48 1109.30 1795.91 0.00 4076.96 4.41 0.17 0.75
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 223.71 315.87 33.17 1109.30 1814.58 0.00 4076.96 4.45 0.15 0.68
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 226.13 322.67 33.88 1109.30 1834.13 0.00 4076.96 4.50 0.14 0.61
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 228.65 329.80 34.63 1109.30 1854.62 0.00 4076.96 4.55 0.12 0.56
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 231.30 337.27 35.41 1109.30 1876.08 0.00 4076.96 4.60 0.11 0.50
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 234.07 345.10 36.24 1109.30 1898.56 0.00 4076.96 4.66 0.10 0.46
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 236.97 353.30 37.10 1109.30 1922.12 0.00 4076.96 4.71 0.09 0.41
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 240.02 361.89 38.00 1109.30 1946.81 0.00 4076.96 4.78 0.08 0.37
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 243.21 370.90 38.94 1109.30 1972.67 0.00 4076.96 4.84 0.07 0.34
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 246.55 380.33 39.93 1109.30 1999.76 0.00 4076.96 4.91 0.06 0.31
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 250.05 390.21 40.97 1109.30 2028.15 0.00 4076.96 4.97 0.06 0.28
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 253.71 400.56 42.06 1109.30 2057.89 0.00 4076.96 5.05 0.05 0.25
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 257.55 411.41 43.20 1109.30 2089.05 0.00 4076.96 5.12 0.05 0.23
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 261.58 422.77 44.39 1109.30 2121.69 0.00 4076.96 5.20 0.04 0.21
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 265.80 434.68 45.64 1109.30 2155.89 0.00 4076.96 5.29 0.04 0.19
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 270.21 447.15 46.95 1109.30 2191.73 0.00 4076.96 5.38 0.03 0.17
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 274.84 460.22 48.32 1109.30 2229.27 0.00 4076.96 5.47 0.03 0.16
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 279.69 473.91 49.76 1109.30 2268.60 0.00 4076.96 5.56 0.03 0.14
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 284.77 488.25 51.27 1109.30 2309.81 0.00 4076.96 5.67 0.02 0.13
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 290.09 503.28 52.84 1109.30 2352.99 0.00 4076.96 5.77 0.02 0.12
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 295.67 519.03 54.50 1109.30 2398.23 0.00 4076.96 5.88 0.02 0.11
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 301.51 535.53 56.23 1109.30 2445.62 0.00 4076.96 6.00 0.02 0.10
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 307.64 552.81 58.05 1109.30 2495.27 0.00 4076.96 6.12 0.01 0.09
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 314.05 570.92 59.95 1109.30 2547.29 0.00 4076.96 6.25 0.01 0.08
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 49.87
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 5.29
Annexure-13.12

4 GWh 4126.33 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 313.81 355.54 37.33 1386.63 2545.32 0.00 4076.96 6.24 1.00 6.24
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 311.78 355.50 37.33 1386.63 2528.86 0.00 4076.96 6.20 0.90 5.55
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 309.80 355.61 37.34 1386.63 2512.82 0.00 4076.96 6.16 0.80 4.94
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 307.88 355.87 37.37 1386.63 2497.23 0.00 4076.96 6.13 0.72 4.40
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 306.01 356.30 37.41 1386.63 2482.10 0.00 4076.96 6.09 0.64 3.91
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 304.21 356.89 37.47 1386.63 2467.46 0.00 4076.96 6.05 0.58 3.48
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 302.46 357.66 37.55 1386.63 2453.33 0.00 4076.96 6.02 0.51 3.10
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 300.79 358.62 37.65 1386.63 2439.73 0.00 4076.96 5.98 0.46 2.76
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 299.18 359.77 37.78 1386.63 2426.68 0.00 4076.96 5.95 0.41 2.46
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 297.64 361.12 37.92 1386.63 2414.23 0.00 4076.96 5.92 0.37 2.19
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 299.44 365.95 38.42 1386.63 2428.82 0.00 4076.96 5.96 0.33 1.97
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 298.06 367.74 38.61 1386.63 2417.62 0.00 4076.96 5.93 0.30 1.76
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 296.76 369.76 38.83 1386.63 2407.09 0.00 4076.96 5.90 0.27 1.57
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 295.55 372.03 39.06 1386.63 2397.27 0.00 4076.96 5.88 0.24 1.40
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 294.43 374.56 39.33 1386.63 2388.19 0.00 4076.96 5.86 0.21 1.24
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 290.53 374.48 39.32 1386.63 2356.52 0.00 4076.96 5.78 0.19 1.10
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 256.05 344.01 36.12 1386.63 2076.88 0.00 4076.96 5.09 0.17 0.87
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 258.35 350.51 36.80 1386.63 2095.54 0.00 4076.96 5.14 0.15 0.78
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 260.76 357.31 37.52 1386.63 2115.09 0.00 4076.96 5.19 0.14 0.71
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 263.29 364.44 38.27 1386.63 2135.58 0.00 4076.96 5.24 0.12 0.64
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 265.94 371.91 39.05 1386.63 2157.04 0.00 4076.96 5.29 0.11 0.58
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 268.71 379.74 39.87 1386.63 2179.53 0.00 4076.96 5.35 0.10 0.52
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 271.61 387.94 40.73 1386.63 2203.09 0.00 4076.96 5.40 0.09 0.47
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 274.66 396.53 41.64 1386.63 2227.77 0.00 4076.96 5.46 0.08 0.43
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 277.84 405.54 42.58 1386.63 2253.63 0.00 4076.96 5.53 0.07 0.39
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 281.19 414.97 43.57 1386.63 2280.72 0.00 4076.96 5.59 0.06 0.35
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 284.68 424.85 44.61 1386.63 2309.11 0.00 4076.96 5.66 0.06 0.32
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 288.35 435.20 45.70 1386.63 2338.85 0.00 4076.96 5.74 0.05 0.29
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 292.19 446.05 46.83 1386.63 2370.01 0.00 4076.96 5.81 0.05 0.26
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 296.22 457.41 48.03 1386.63 2402.65 0.00 4076.96 5.89 0.04 0.24
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 300.43 469.32 49.28 1386.63 2436.86 0.00 4076.96 5.98 0.04 0.22
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 304.85 481.79 50.59 1386.63 2472.69 0.00 4076.96 6.07 0.03 0.20
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 309.48 494.86 51.96 1386.63 2510.23 0.00 4076.96 6.16 0.03 0.18
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 314.33 508.55 53.40 1386.63 2549.57 0.00 4076.96 6.25 0.03 0.16
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 319.41 522.89 54.90 1386.63 2590.78 0.00 4076.96 6.35 0.02 0.15
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 324.73 537.92 56.48 1386.63 2633.95 0.00 4076.96 6.46 0.02 0.13
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 330.31 553.67 58.14 1386.63 2679.19 0.00 4076.96 6.57 0.02 0.12
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 336.15 570.17 59.87 1386.63 2726.58 0.00 4076.96 6.69 0.02 0.11
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 342.28 587.45 61.68 1386.63 2776.24 0.00 4076.96 6.81 0.01 0.10
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 348.69 605.56 63.58 1386.63 2828.26 0.00 4076.96 6.94 0.01 0.09
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 56.37
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 5.98
Annexure-13.13

4 GWh 4126.33 i) Spares(% of O&M) % 15.00
@ 95% availability

1 239.32 178.85 269.81 4814.90 433.37 269.81 703.18 14.90 26.83 348.45 390.18 40.97 1663.96 2826.28 0.00 4076.96 6.93 1.00 6.93
2 239.32 187.38 269.81 4545.09 408.38 269.81 678.19 15.62 28.11 346.42 390.14 40.96 1663.96 2809.82 0.00 4076.96 6.89 0.90 6.17
3 239.32 196.32 269.81 4275.28 383.40 269.81 653.21 16.36 29.45 344.44 390.25 40.98 1663.96 2793.79 0.00 4076.96 6.85 0.80 5.49
4 239.32 205.69 269.81 4005.47 358.41 269.81 628.23 17.14 30.85 342.52 390.51 41.00 1663.96 2778.20 0.00 4076.96 6.81 0.72 4.89
5 239.32 215.50 269.81 3735.66 333.43 269.81 603.24 17.96 32.32 340.65 390.93 41.05 1663.96 2763.07 0.00 4076.96 6.78 0.64 4.35
6 239.32 225.78 269.81 3465.84 308.44 269.81 578.26 18.81 33.87 338.85 391.53 41.11 1663.96 2748.42 0.00 4076.96 6.74 0.58 3.88
7 239.32 236.55 269.81 3196.03 283.46 269.81 553.27 19.71 35.48 337.10 392.30 41.19 1663.96 2734.29 0.00 4076.96 6.71 0.51 3.45
8 239.32 247.83 269.81 2926.22 258.48 269.81 528.29 20.65 37.17 335.43 393.25 41.29 1663.96 2720.69 0.00 4076.96 6.67 0.46 3.08
9 239.32 259.65 269.81 2656.41 233.49 269.81 503.30 21.64 38.95 333.82 394.40 41.41 1663.96 2707.65 0.00 4076.96 6.64 0.41 2.74
10 239.32 272.04 269.81 2386.60 208.51 269.81 478.32 22.67 40.81 332.28 395.76 41.55 1663.96 2695.19 0.00 4076.96 6.61 0.37 2.44
11 265.42 285.01 269.81 2116.79 183.52 269.81 453.33 23.75 42.75 334.08 400.59 42.06 1663.96 2709.79 0.00 4076.96 6.65 0.33 2.20
12 265.42 298.61 269.81 1846.97 158.54 269.81 428.35 24.88 44.79 332.70 402.38 42.25 1663.96 2698.58 0.00 4076.96 6.62 0.30 1.96
13 265.42 312.85 269.81 1577.16 133.55 269.81 403.36 26.07 46.93 331.40 404.40 42.46 1663.96 2688.06 0.00 4076.96 6.59 0.27 1.75
14 265.42 327.77 269.81 1307.35 108.57 269.81 378.38 27.31 49.17 330.19 406.67 42.70 1663.96 2678.23 0.00 4076.96 6.57 0.24 1.56
15 265.42 343.41 269.81 1037.54 83.58 269.81 353.40 28.62 51.51 329.07 409.20 42.97 1663.96 2669.15 0.00 4076.96 6.55 0.21 1.39
16 265.42 359.79 269.81 767.73 35.55 767.73 803.27 29.98 53.97 325.17 409.12 42.96 1663.96 2637.48 0.00 4076.96 6.47 0.19 1.23
17 265.42 376.95 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.41 56.54 290.69 378.65 39.76 1663.96 2357.84 0.00 4076.96 5.78 0.17 0.98
18 265.42 394.93 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.91 59.24 292.99 385.14 40.44 1663.96 2376.50 0.00 4076.96 5.83 0.15 0.89
19 265.42 413.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.48 62.07 295.40 391.95 41.15 1663.96 2396.06 0.00 4076.96 5.88 0.14 0.80
20 265.42 433.51 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.13 65.03 297.93 399.08 41.90 1663.96 2416.54 0.00 4076.96 5.93 0.12 0.72
21 265.42 454.19 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.85 68.13 300.58 406.55 42.69 1663.96 2438.00 0.00 4076.96 5.98 0.11 0.65
22 265.42 475.85 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.65 71.38 303.35 414.38 43.51 1663.96 2460.49 0.00 4076.96 6.04 0.10 0.59
23 265.42 498.55 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41.55 74.78 306.25 422.58 44.37 1663.96 2484.05 0.00 4076.96 6.09 0.09 0.53
24 265.42 522.33 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 43.53 78.35 309.30 431.17 45.27 1663.96 2508.73 0.00 4076.96 6.15 0.08 0.48
25 265.42 547.24 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.60 82.09 312.48 440.17 46.22 1663.96 2534.59 0.00 4076.96 6.22 0.07 0.44
26 265.42 573.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 47.78 86.00 315.82 449.61 47.21 1663.96 2561.69 0.00 4076.96 6.28 0.06 0.40
27 265.42 600.70 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.06 90.10 319.32 459.49 48.25 1663.96 2590.07 0.00 4076.96 6.35 0.06 0.36
28 265.42 629.35 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.45 94.40 322.99 469.84 49.33 1663.96 2619.81 0.00 4076.96 6.43 0.05 0.32
29 265.42 659.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.95 98.91 326.83 480.69 50.47 1663.96 2650.97 0.00 4076.96 6.50 0.05 0.29
30 265.42 690.82 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.57 103.62 330.86 492.05 51.67 1663.96 2683.62 0.00 4076.96 6.58 0.04 0.27
31 265.42 723.77 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.31 108.57 335.07 503.95 52.92 1663.96 2717.82 0.00 4076.96 6.67 0.04 0.24
32 265.42 758.30 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 63.19 113.74 339.49 516.43 54.22 1663.96 2753.65 0.00 4076.96 6.75 0.03 0.22
33 265.42 794.47 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.21 119.17 344.12 529.50 55.60 1663.96 2791.20 0.00 4076.96 6.85 0.03 0.20
34 265.42 832.37 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69.36 124.85 348.97 543.19 57.03 1663.96 2830.53 0.00 4076.96 6.94 0.03 0.18
35 265.42 872.07 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.67 130.81 354.05 557.53 58.54 1663.96 2871.74 0.00 4076.96 7.04 0.02 0.16
36 265.42 913.67 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.14 137.05 359.37 572.56 60.12 1663.96 2914.92 0.00 4076.96 7.15 0.02 0.15
37 265.42 957.25 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.77 143.59 364.95 588.31 61.77 1663.96 2960.15 0.00 4076.96 7.26 0.02 0.14
38 265.42 1002.91 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 83.58 150.44 370.79 604.81 63.50 1663.96 3007.54 0.00 4076.96 7.38 0.02 0.12
39 265.42 1050.75 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.56 157.61 376.91 622.09 65.32 1663.96 3057.20 0.00 4076.96 7.50 0.01 0.11
40 265.42 1100.87 11.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.74 165.13 383.33 640.20 67.22 1663.96 3109.22 0.00 4076.96 7.63 0.01 0.10
4599.06 4814.90 9.43 62.87
L. T(INR/Kwh)= 6.67
CHAPTER-14
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATIONS
(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
Table of Contents
CHAPTER- 14 ............................................................................................................ 1
14.1 Technical Merits of the Project ................................................................... 1
14.2 Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-Electric Project (4x350 MW) .................. 1
Chapter – 14: Conclusion & Recommendations Page i

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
CHAPTER- 14
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Present Feasibility Study (FR) is prepared based on the Techno-commercial feasibility

report, available data collected and subsequently analysis and studies were carried out by
WAPCOS, following conclusions are drawn and recommended for further consideration by
the competent authority:
14.1 Technical Merits of the Project
 Based on the preliminary geological studies it can be concluded that no major

geological surprise is envisaged. Geological setup is conducive for underground works.
 Hydrological studies suggest that the water requirement for filling upper reservoir of 9.59
MCM & lower reservoir of 11.14 MCM will not be much of a problem.
 Land requirement of 499 Ha is on lower side considering the size of the project of
1400 MW.
 Based on FR stage studies it is envisaged that the majority of land is private land.
 Based on the present level of studies less R&R issues seem to be involved.
 Per MW cost is around 3.65 Cr. only which also makes this scheme very attractive.
 Conversion cost for this project is Rs 3.80/kWh and 2.53/kWh for 1 cycle and 1.5 cycle
of operation respectively.
 It may be pertinent to mention here that the availability of pumping power in the form of
renewable power form Solar, Wind etc. is likely to increase. In such scenario,
recharge of pump storage battery shall also not be an issue.
 Based on the analysis, Dangari pumped storage project can also be operated for one
and half cycle operation.
14.2 Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-Electric Project (4x350 MW)
 Chhattisgarh and CSPGCL do not have much Hydro Potential of this Scale. Hence,
Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric project (1400 MW) is the one of the feasible
alternative available with CSPGCL.
 In view of mandatory large injection of Renewables in to the grid in near future,
Chapter – 14: Conclusion & Recommendations Page 1 of 2

(4 x 350 MW)
Feasibility Report
CSPGCL needs advance planning to integrate it and Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-
electric Project can be very useful in this regard.
 Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project is the natural Battery with longer useful life and
environmental friendly proposition of Energy Storage.
 It is learnt that in view of large envisaged injection of renewables various support

measures have already been considered by Government in the form of budgetary
support for infrastructure, flood modernization benefits and several relaxation in
environment clearance case to case basis. Many other supports are under consideration
by government to enhance the viability of the pumped storage projects.
 There is a precedence and current trend in favor of Pumped Storage Hydro-electric

Projects. West Bengal has already constructed Purulia Pumped Storage Project (900
MW) which is purely Pumped Storage Scheme. Other states are also going for Pumped
Storage Hydro-electric Projects in an accelerated manner.
 Based on the available data it can be said that in view of overall trend of generation
planning and demand, CSPGCL would be needing source to generate peak power to
improve Hydro: Thermal Mix and provide much needed balance to renewable before
Year 2030.
 FR clearly establishes that Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project (1400 MW)
scheme has merits from technical and financial aspects.
 In view of the positive policy framework in active consideration of the Government to

support and incentivize the Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Projects as Grid element
and treat them as must run case in near future, this is the most opportune time for
CSPGCL to take up that Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project.
 In view of above, Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro-electric Project is recommended for

taking up detailed Investigation and preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR).
Chapter – 14: Conclusion & Recommendations Page 2 of 2

Consultant:
September, 2023

Feasibility Report of Dangari (1400MW)

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Dangari Pumped Storage Hydro Electric

Project (4 X 350 MW),

CHAPTER-2 : JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT FROM POWER ANGLE

CHAPTER-3 : ECONOMIC SCENERIO OF CHHATTISGARH

CHAPTER-5 : GEOLOGICAL STUDIES

CHAPTER-6 : PROJECT PLANNING & INSTALLED CAPACITY

CHAPTER-7 : DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES

CHAPTER-8 : DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL COMPONENTS

CHAPTER-9 : CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

CHAPTER-10 : TRANSMISSION OF POWER & COMMUNICATION FACILITIES

CHAPTER-11 : ENVIRONMENTAL & ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS

CHAPTER-12 : COST ESTIMATES

CHAPTER-13 : ECONOMIC EVALUATION

CHAPTER-14 : CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

1.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 1

Figure 1. 1: Project Location on Google Earth....................................................................... 4

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page i

India is a rapid-growing economy experiencing fast industrialization, irrigation development,

The global power sector is undergoing an accelerated transformation due to technological

 Increasing renewables capacity to 500 GW by 2030,

 Meeting 50% of energy requirements from renewables,

 Reducing cumulative emissions by one billion tonnes by 2030, and

 Reducing emissions intensity of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) by 45% by

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 1 of 12

CSPGCL has identified 5 locations in Chhattisgarh for preparation of Pre-feasibility Report

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 2 of 12

1.2 Project Background

1.3 Project Location

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 3 of 12

Figure 1. 1: Project Location on Google Earth

1.4 Access to the Project

1.5 Topography & Climate

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 4 of 12

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 5 of 12

main components of the projects are:

 Lower concrete dam 737m long with maximum height of 36m is to be

 2 nos. pressure shaft connecting intake to power house

 Underground power house cavern housing 4 no. unit of 350 MW reversible

 Transformer cavern is located d/s of power house cavern.

 2 no. TRT (Concrete lined) connecting Power house to proposed Lower

 To facilitate the construction and operation of the project components, suitable

1.7 Seismicity of the Project Area

1.8 Installed Capacity and Power Generation

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 6 of 12

Installed Capacity (MW) 1400 MW

Unit Size (MW) 350

Type of Turbine Vertical reversible Francis Turbine

Net Design Head (m) 374.00 m

Head Loss (m) 17 m

1.9 Land Requirement

S. No. Appurtenance Area (Ha.)

1.10 Power Evacuation Arrangement:

However, a comprehensive load flow and Electromagnetic Transient study is necessary

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 7 of 12

schemes of Chhattisgarh and thereby setting up Substation & Transmission system

1.11 Estimates of the Cost

Item Estimated Cost (₹ Crores)

1.12 Financial Aspects

1-Cycle Operation 1.5 Cycle Operation

2. 1.5 6.26 5.86 4.60 4.86

4. 2.5 7.64 7.24 5.98 6.24

5. 3 8.33 7.93 6.67 6.93

Chapter – 1: Introduction Page 8 of 12