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Routledge Revivals
Introduction to the
Science of language
Q Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group
�- http://taylo randfranci s.com
Introduction to the
Science of Language
by
A. H. Sayce
Vol. II
Fourth Edition
First published in 1900 by Kegan paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd.
Publisher’s Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but
points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes
correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.
A Library of Congress record exists under ISBN:
OF L A N G U A G E .
• B Y THE SAME AUTHOR
THE P R IN C IP L E S OF C O M P A R A T IV E
P H IL O L O G Y . Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged.
Crown 8vo. ios. 6d.
W ORKS B Y PROF. W. D. W H IT N E Y .
TH E L IF E A N D G R O W TH OF L A N G U A G E .
Sixth Edition. Crown 8vo. 5s. (I. S. S.)
E S S E N T IA L S OF E N G L IS H GRAM M AR.
Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.
SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE
BY
A. H. SAYCE
PROFESSOR OF ASSYRIOLOGY, O XFO R D ; HON. LL.D. DUBLIN.
IN T W O V O L U M E S
VOL. II
FOURTH E D ITIO N
LONDON
K E G A N P A U L , T R E N C H , T R U B N E R & CO. L™
P A T E R N O S T E R H O U S E , C H A R IN G CR O SS R O A D
1900
“ Ilia demum foret nobilissima grammaticae species, si quis in
V O L . II.
PAGE.
Chapter V I. R o o t s ........................................................... i
Genealogical Classification of Languages (with
list of grammatical authorities) . . 31
„ V II. The Inflectional Families of Speech (Aryan,
Semitic, Old Egyptian, Sub-Semitic and
Ethiopian, Hottentot, Alarodian) . . .65.
„ V III. The Agglutinative, Incorporating, Polysynthetic,
and Isolating Languages . . . . 188
„ IX. Comparative Mythology and the Science of
R eligion............................................................... 23a
„ X. The Origin of Language, and the relation of the
Science of Language to Ethnology, Logic,
and E d u c a t i o n .............................................. 30a
Selected List of Works for the Student . . . . 354
I n d e x .........................................................................................363
Q Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group
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PREFACE TO T H E THIRD EDITION.
(in (psfE-fsv = (pepELv), the final sibilant of -/*£•$, like that of the
second person singular, being identical with that which
plays so large a part in the declension of the noun and is
also the symbol of a neuter “ stem.” The case-ending - 9a
can be attached to -fxzg just as the case-ending -<ri is to
wod-w-cri, and -Bev which took the place of - 9a in ^Eolic is
well known to every student of the Homeric declension.
A suffix -a is used in the stead of -m to denote the first
person of the singular, not only in the perfect tense, but
also in most of the presents of Greek and Latin (;\sy<y, for
example, being teyo-a), and this suffix has no more resem
blance to a personal pronoun than the suffixes of the third
person of the verb. In short, the Aryan verb was origi
nally a noun, just as it still is in many languages of the
world, and how long it was in becoming a separate part
of speech may be seen from the wide-spread influence of
analogy or assimilation upon the verbal conjugation. So
far from supporting the agglutinative theory, the Aryan
verb, when closely questioned, most emphatically con
demns it. Ludwig’s theory of adaptation can alone
explain how its forms which on the phonetic side were
the same as those of the noun came syntactically to have
a new signification of their own. What, therefore, I have
said about the Aryan verb in the second volume of this
work (pp. 151, sq.) needs to be re-written. It represents
only the current theory of the last half-century, and must
now make way for one more in accordance with the
actual facts.
Fick’s discovery that the shortened form of the stem
in the so-called second aorist is later than that of the
present, which I had to relegate to a foot-note, should be
P R E F A C E TO TH E SECO N D ED ITIO N . XXIX
Q u e e n 's C o l l e g e , O x f o r d ,
N o vem b er , 1879.
CHAPTER VI.
ROOTS.
EUTERPE.
Antes de pasar Heródoto a referir la conquista de Egipto por Cambises, hijo de Ciro, que
reserva para el libro siguiente, traza en este segundo una descripción topográfica de
Egipto. — El Nilo, su origen, extensión y avenidas. — Costumbres civiles y religiosas de los
egipcios. — Heracles. — Animales sagrados. — Métodos de embalsamar los cadáveres. —
Reyes antiguos de Egipto: Menes, Nitocris, Meris. — Sesostris, sus conquistas, repartición
del Egipto. — Proteo hospeda en Menfis a Helena, robada por Alejandro, entretanto que los
griegos destruyen a Troya. — Rampsinito. — Queops obliga a los egipcios a construir las
pirámides. — Micerino manda abrir los templos. — Invasión de los etíopes. — Setón
sacerdote y rey. — Cronología de los egipcios. — División del Egipto en doce partes. — E
Laberinto. — Psamético se apodera de todo el Egipto: su descendencia: Neco, Psamis
Apríes. — Amasis vence a Apríes y con su buena administración hace prosperar al Egipto.