Alphabets:

A to Z in English are call Alphabets

In English there are 26 alphabets, where 5 are vowels ( a, e, i, o, u) and 21 are
consonants.
These 26 letters make 44 sounds out of which 20 are make vowels sound and
remaining consonant.

Capital letter
Rules regarding use of capital letter
 First letter of a sentence will always capital in letter.
 “I” always write in capital letter. E.g. He and I went to Delhi.
 Proper Noun stats with a capital letter e.g. Ram, Delhi, Yamuna etc.
 Acronyms are in capital letter. E.g. PM, MLA etc.
 The first word of the sentence with double inverted commas starts with
capital letter.

Sentences
The meaningful combination of words, arranged in a natural order is called
sentence.
A sentence can be forms with subject, object, helping verb and verbs
Syntax: Sub + H. V+ V+ Obj
I am feeling sleepy

Sub V obj.

H.V

Subject: - जो काम करता ही या िजसके बारे म बात की जाती है ! या िफर हम कह सकते

ही sentence म कौन का जवाब ही subject कहलाता है !

Helping verb: - जो श समय के बारे म बताते है या िफर जो main verb पर अिधक जोर
दे ते ए तीत ह वे श H v कहलाते है !

Verb: - A ward which indicate the Action and State is the sentence is called verb.
Object: - The answer of who, and Whom is the object.
Form of Sentences

Simple/ Affirmative sentence

Syntax: - Sub+ H.V+ Verb+ Obj

Negative Sentences

Syntax: - Sub+ H.V+ not+ V+ Obj

Interrogative sentences

Syntax: - H.V+ Sub+ V+ Obj

Negative Interrogative sentences

Syntax: - H.V + sub+ not+ v+ object.

Imperative sentences

It is used for order, request advice and instruction.

 Optative sentences

It used to express wishes, pray, Blessing’s curses desire for someone

or something.

Exclamatory sentences

It used to express state of mind of human being and also express the
feeling of happiness, fear pleasure etc.

Conditional sentences

Normally this type of sentences is use with “if” sentences

Parts of speech
1. Noun- Noun is the naming word of any person, place or things.
2. Pronoun- Any word which is use in place of noun is called pronoun.
3. Verb- A word which show action or state in sentence is known as verb
4. Adverb- Qualifies the nearest word.
5. Adjective- Qualifies the noun or pronoun.
6. Conjunction- joining word
7. Article- Precedes noun.
8. Preposition- Determines position.
9. Interjection- Expresses pain or surprise etc.
 Noun
A noun is the name of any person place, material, emotion or thing.

e.g. Name- Rohan, Tom, John, etc.

Place- Delhi, Mumbai, Uttar Pradesh, America, etc.

Qualities- Honesty, Beauty, etc.
Material- Water, Iron, Steel, etc.

Kinds of noun

Proper Common Material Collective Abstract

noun noun Noun Noun noun

A proper noun is A collective An abstract

A common A material
the name of noun is the noun is usually
noun is a name noun is a
some particular name of a the name of a
given in grammar term
person or place. number or quality, action
common to that refers to
E.g. – Vasu reads every person a material or collection of or state
in class 10th. or thing of the substance persons or considered
same class or form which things taken apart from the
Yamuna Nagar is together and object to which
kind. things are
a big city. spoken of as a is belongs
made such as
E.g. – Mr. das is
silver, gold, whole.
a teacher. e.g. Alan speaks
iron cotton, e.g. Mona saw the truth.
Mona is a good diamond and the herd of
girl. plastic. Do not tell a lie.
sheep.