Answers to Bio Need To Knows 1-1: Molecules such as complex carbs, complex fats and lipids, proteins, DNA,

and RNA. 1-2: Observation, Identify a Problem, Form a Hypothesis, Experiment, Gather Data, Conclusion 1-5 KHDBDCM 1-9

2-1 Ionic bonds- close association of ions.ex) NaCl (Table Salt) Covalent bonds When atoms share one or more electrons Hydrogen bonds a covalently bound hydrogen atom attracts a negatively charged atom taking part in a different covalent bond. 2-3 Radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of an element. They can transform into other radioisotopes through radioactive decay, dealing w/ half-lives. Caused by too many or too few neutrons in the nucleus, making it unstable. 2-4 Mixture 2+ molecules mixing w/out bonding Solution when they mix evenly and bond 2-5 Polar molecules are hydrophilic (water-loving). Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic (water-dreading). 2-7 Waters life-giving properties: Polarity, temperature-stabilizing, its a solvent, and cohesion 2-8 ACID 0-6 NEUTRAL 7 BASE 8-14 3-1 Carbon can covalently bond with up to 4 other atoms (See back for all groupings) 3-11 Condensation reaction split an OH group and an H Hydrolysis is the opposite: groups OH and H

Answers to Bio Need To Knows 4-1 Galileo first to use microscope. Hooke first to see cell. Leeuwenhoek made the lenses better. Brown named the nucleus. Cell Theory: Every organism consists of one or more cells. Second, cell is smallest unit that has properties of life. Third, Continuity of life arises from the growth and division of single cells. 4-6 Prokaryotes are single celled with no nuclear envelope. Eukaryotes are multi-cellular w/ a nuclear envelope. 4-8 Membrane proteins: Adhesion proteins help similar cells stick together Communication proteins form a direct channel between 2 adjoining cells Receptor proteins docks for outside signals /directions for cell Recognition proteins identify cells as belonging or not belonging

5 Oxidation reduction Reactions . Electron transfers when 1 molecule gives up electrons (oxidized) and the other gains electrons (reduced) Hypotonic doesnt want water Hypertonic- Hyper, so it needs water Isotonic It is even

6 Chlorophyll a is best at absorbing violet & red light. Photosynthesis: Light dep. And light ind. 12 H20 + 6 CO2 ----LIGHT ENERGY-- 6 O2 + C6H12O6 + 6 H20 Transfer chains form ATP and NADPH. Rubisco + RuBP to start Calvin-Benson Cycle

7 Glycolysis starts aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In aerobic, oxygen is final electron acceptor.