Legal Writing CDI 4 MODULE 1 Funtila 2

Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University

ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited
LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course LEGAL WRITING 1(CDI 4)
Sem/AY Second Semester 2023-2024
Module No. 1
Lesson Title MODULE 1:
MODULE 1:
INVESTIGATIVE REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
Introduction: Legal Writing

1. Types of basic legal writing
2. Categories of basic legal writing
3. Elements of basic legal training
4. Legal principles in writing
English Language Fundamentals
1. Grammar Structure
2. Eight Principal Parts of Speech
3. Sentence and Paragraph Composition
4. Concrete and Abstract Words
5. Writing Clearly and Logically
6. Definition of Terms
7. Police Terminology
8. Common Use Terms in Police Report
Week
1–5
Duration
Date January 29 – February 29. 2024
This lesson will explain, train, and greatly help criminology students to become better
Description and confident in writing their reports and fill up various forms.
of the
Lesson
Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning  Demonstrate understanding on the importance of studying legal writing
Outcomes  Distinguish different interpretations of and approaches to report writing.
 Analyze the various ethical report writing and legal forms in an organization.
 Understand the different classifications of report and documents.
 Learn the different formats being used by the police when writing a police
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Province of Laguna
report.
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives b. Distinguish different interpretations of and approaches to legal writing standards.
c. Analyze the various report writing and legal forms.
d. Understand and explain the elements, stages, and processes of basic legal writing.
e. Distinguish the rules of the English language and the basic building blocks of sentence
structure when writing reports.
f. State and explain the methods of grammar structure and the eight principal parts of
speech.
g. Familiarize definition of terms, police terminology, and common use terms in police
report.
Student Learning Strategies
Onsite/Campus MODULE 1:
Activities MODULE 1:
INVESTIGATIVE REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION
Introduction: Legal Writing

I. LEGAL WRITING1
The act of a legal professional in convincing others of his
legal stands, position or opinion presented in a form of
writing.
Forms:
as a lawyer/Counsel: (Mnemonics: PRROMM [like JS Prom])
 Pleadings- an answer to complaints or denying client’s liabilities

 Rejoinders- the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication
 Replies- an answer to petitioners claims against defendant
 Oppositions- a statement denying the other party’s claim
 Memoranda- a brief helping parties to remember points of future
reference
 Motions- an application to obtain an action in favor of the applicant
As a judge: (aid: DRaG)
Decisions- to be put in writing

Results of the case- to be announced in writing, and grounds for the decision-
in writing.
A. Aims of Legal Writing (Aid: For Love I Put

Province of Laguna
Eternal Will)
Facts- legal writing will help you identify and put together the facts on which
the issue of the case will be decided.
Law- Help you find the law or rule that applies to your case given the nature of
the legal dispute involved.
Issue- Help you correctly Identify issues in a case.
Power- help you pack power in your arguments, allowing you to establish your
position and destroy the opposing counsel’s.
Edit- help you edit your work, tighten your sentence and make your writing
come through to your reader clearly.
Write better- help you prepare adequate, clear and convincing PRROMMs
II. LEGAL DISPUTE

-Occurs when defendant denies the claim against
him.
Petitioner (You did) DISPUTE (No I didn’t) Defendant
Example instance:
Legal dispute lies between an apartment owner claiming that tenant fails to pay
monthly rents and therefore should leave and the tenant’s denial of the claim
and invokes to stay.
Legal dispute is the HEART of every case because it involves a violation of a

right protected by law. Such case can only be resolve if there will be a
proper resolution to end the dispute.
Legal Dispute2 is that which is recast in a form of an issue:

(like the “whether or not”)
In the above instance, the legal dispute can be recast in a form of an issue,
stated thus: “whether or not the tenant who fails to pay the monthly rents
must leave the unit”.
Importance of knowing the issue:

Since the case will be decided based on the issue involved, it is a must that a
lawyer knows what he is fighting for. If he argues on the wrong issue, the case
will surely fall against him and his client.
III. STAGES IN LEGAL WRITING (Aid: Please Wait)

1. Pre-work- the step when the legal professional must gather
the data or details of the case (ex. Dates, testimonies from
witnesses)

Province of Laguna
A. Process of Pre-work (Aid: Down From Loving In
Arellano)
Dispute- establish where the legal dispute lied in the case.
Facts- discovering the relevant facts.
Law- know the law or rules applying to it.
Issue- Identify the issue that you would address.
Argument- roughing out the arguments that you would see.
2. Write-up- writing the legal aspects in an organized and

convincing manner as a draft or paper. What completes this
stage is the editing and rewriting
1. Types of basic legal writing

Different types of legal writing include:
 judicial opinions,
 briefs,
 contracts,
 pleadings, and
 memorandums.
Legal writing can be used in various areas of law such as criminal, civil,
corporate, and public law.
2. Categories of basic legal writing

Legal writing is of two, broad categories: (i) legal analysis and (ii) legal
drafting. Legal analysis is two-fold: (1) predictive analysis, and (2)
persuasive analysis.
In most law schools’ students must learn legal writing; the courses focus on:
(1) predictive analysis, i.e., an outcome-predicting memorandum (positive
or negative) of a given action for the attorney's client; and
(2) persuasive analysis, e.g., motions and briefs. Although not as widely
taught in law schools, legal drafting courses exist, other types of legal
writing concentrate upon writing appeals or on interdisciplinary aspects of
persuasion.
3. Elements of Basic Legal Writing
Legal writing is the process of writing documents used in the legal field
such as contracts, briefs, memorandums, and opinions. It is a specialized
form of writing that requires a thorough understanding of the law and legal
principles, as well as the ability to communicate complex legal concepts in a
clear and concise manner. Legal writing also requires proper citation of
sources and attention to detail. The purpose of legal writing is to persuade a
reader, whether it be a judge, lawyer, or lay person, to adopt a certain point
of view or take a specific action.
The main elements of legal writing include:

Province of Laguna
 Clarity and conciseness:

Clarity and conciseness are two essential elements of legal writing. Clarity
refers to the ability to communicate complex legal concepts in a clear and
straightforward manner. This means that legal writing should be easy to
understand, even for those who are not familiar with the legal field.
Conciseness, on the other hand, refers to the ability to express ideas in as
few words as possible without sacrificing meaning or clarity. This means
that legal writing should be succinct, avoiding unnecessary words or
phrases and getting straight to the point. Together, clarity and conciseness
make legal writing more readable, and increase the chances of the writing
to be understood and acted upon.
It is important to note that, while conciseness is important, it should not

come at the expense of completeness or accuracy. Legal writing should be
clear and concise but also comprehensive enough to cover all relevant
points and provide all necessary information to the intended audience.
 Persuasive argumentation:
Persuasive argumentation is another key element of legal writing. The
purpose of legal writing is often to persuade a reader, whether it be a judge,
lawyer, or lay person, to adopt a certain point of view or take a specific
action. To be effective, legal writing must present a clear and convincing
argument that is supported by evidence and relevant legal authority.
There are several key components to persuasive argumentation in legal

writing:
a. A clear and specific thesis statement: The thesis statement sets out the
main point or argument of the legal writing and provides a roadmap for the
rest of the document.
b. Evidence and legal authority: Legal writing should provide evidence

and cite relevant legal authority to support the thesis statement and
arguments.
c. Logical organization: Legal writing should be organized in a logical and

coherent manner, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
d. Strong rhetoric: Legal writing should use strong rhetoric, such as

persuasive language and persuasive sentence structure, to make the
argument as convincing as possible.
e. Anticipating counterarguments: Legal writing should anticipate and

Province of Laguna
address counterarguments, which are the arguments that are opposite to
the ones you are making.
f. Conclusion: The conclusion should wrap up the argument by

summarizing the main points and providing a call to action.
Overall, persuasive argumentation is an essential element of legal writing as

it helps to make the legal writing more convincing and effective in achieving
its intended goal.
4. Legal Principles in Writing
 Difference between Legal English & General English

Forcommunication.to begin with legal English, we need to understand the
difference between Legal English and plain English. Plain or general English
writing is used for communicating thoughts, observation, stories,
description etc. but legal writing is slightly different. Legal writing
defines the rights and liabilities. It is defining the statutory position, legal
obligation, legal provisions, statue, factual description etc. Legal writing
is intended for interpretation. Interpretation by
the court will affect overall result. That’s why legal writing should be in
such
manner that no other interpretation can be taken out of a sentence other
than the intended by the writer.
 Understand the objective of writing
Objective of writing set the language of the document. When you are
writing a formal letter, response to a letter, business mail then your
language could be a common English. But when you know that writing a
letter could hamper your legal rights then the wordings should be carefully
chosen.
 To whom you are addressing?
‘Addressing’ indicates the person for whom the document is written for.
It is ‘know your audience’ rule. Legal document is used before judges,
judicial staff, other lawyers, clients, parties to the agreement, common
public information and so on. If a document is written for a judge, then
certainly legalese would be easily understood. It is written for lawyer or
some other authority then even the legal jargon can be understood. But if it

Province of Laguna
is written for a common public or client then the tough legal language
would annoy the reader.
 Use of reference Material & Document Design
Every Legal documents have a unique design. These designs are evolved in
the past 200 year of the legal history. A design of an agreement would be
different from a plaint or design of legal notice to an individual would be
different from public notice. One should refer the prevailing practice of
design a document.
 Introduction of Context
The introduction of a document is very important in legal writing. In the
introduction, the writer should mention what is coming up. Introduction
gives a clear understanding what is the whole is matter is all about. Keep
following basic rules in mind for introduction. Put the significant facts
upfront: Ask yourself, whether a reader would understand the matter by
the introductory material. The facts should be presented in a way that even
an average person can understand by bare reading. Use short, simple and
easily understandable language so that reader go thorough it quickly and
ask you- ‘Okey …what is particular about the event that happened
after this.?
 Description of Facts
in Chronological order Ideally, the facts should be presented in
chronological order. The first incident should come first to be followed by
second incident and so on. It is given clarity to reader about the sequence of
the event.
 Understanding with Legal terminology
Have basic understanding with the legal terminology and its meaning.
Understand the impact of the legal terms so used in document. Check what
any other legal professional would interpret the term. The legal terms
should be used very carefully with an understanding the interpretation
before court.
 Use of Legal Jargons and Latin Legal Jargons and Latin
Legal jargons are the word which only a legal professional can understand.
Itis often seen that legal professional feel pride using legal jargons and
Latin. Words like ‘thereon’ ‘therewith’ ‘whereas’ ‘hereinafter’ are not
commonly used in general English but these words are heavily used by legal
professionals. We have described these words in separate chapter in this
book. It is commonly known as legalese. It can be
acceptable when you are writing for consideration of court of legal
fraternity who are accustomed to read and understand. But it may scare a
lay man. Specially, Latin is very difficult to pronounce and even more

Province of Laguna
difficult to understand.
 Short Sentence, Paragraphs, And Heading
Short sentences give space to the reader to have pause and understand
what is written. A paragraph contains 3 to5 short sentence in a sequence
then it is enough. The new paragraph should be in line with the last
paragraph. It should have some linkage with the previously told facts.
Continuity is important.
 Grammatical Corrections Like general English
A legal document should be grammatically correct. Legal document once
written shall ever remain as piece of evidence and shall be examined by
several people. Specially by judges, lawyers, and well knowledgeable client.
There should not be any mistake in grammar.
 Mare sure by re-reading and edit five times
Edit the document five time at least. Don’t hesitate to edit once more.
Rule out every possibility of mistakes in grammar, spellings, commas,
parenthesis, chronology etc. Every time you will find scope of improvement
in the sentence construction, paragraph length and even sequence.
 Beginning of the sentences
Beginning of the sentence can be by ‘But’ and ‘And’. However, the general
English don’t allow to use ‘But’ and ‘And’ at the beginning but in legal
English it is almost universally accepted in legal fraternity. Beginning of
facts can also be state by ‘That’ or ‘Whereas’ whichever suits the
most. There is not any hard and fast rule, but the beginning should directly
jump to the core message that writer wish to communicate.
 Check suitable substitute words or one word expression
Legal English is all about the expression by the parties. The expression
largely depends on choice of word. Be careful in choice of word.
5. English Language Fundamentals
a. Grammar Structure
Sentence structure is how all the parts of a sentence fit together. If you
want to make more advanced and interesting sentences, you first have
to understand how sentence structure works.
Below, we explain the rules for all types of sentence structure so that
you can communicate clearly, correctly, and confidently. But before we
dive into the details, let’s start by reexamining the basics.
b. Eight Principal Parts of Speech

Every word in English can be classified as one of eight parts of speech. The
term part of speech refers to the role a word plays in a sentence. And like in
any workplace or on any TV show with an ensemble cast, these roles were
designed to work together.
Read on to learn about the different parts of speech that the words we use

Province of Laguna
every day fall into, and how we use them together to communicate ideas
clearly.
 Nouns
A noun is a word that names a person, place, concept, or object. Basically,
anything that names a “thing” is a noun, whether you’re talking about
a basketball court, San Francisco, Cleopatra, or self-preservation.
Nouns fall into two categories: common nouns and proper nouns. Common
nouns are general names for things, like planet and game show. Proper
nouns are names or titles for specific things, like Jupiter and Jeopardy!
 Pronouns
Pronouns are words you substitute for specific nouns when the reader or
listener already knows which specific noun you’re referring to.
You might say, “Jennifer was supposed to be here at eight,” then follow it
with “She’s always late; next time I’ll tell her to be here a half hour earlier.”
Instead of saying Jennifer’s name three times in a row, you
substituted she and her, and your sentences remained grammatically
correct. Pronouns are divided into a number of categories, and we cover
them all in our guide to pronouns.
 Adjectives
Adjectives are the words that describe nouns. Think about your favorite
movie. How would you describe it to a friend who’s never seen it?
You might say the movie was funny, engaging, well-written,
or suspenseful. When you’re describing the movie with these words, you’re
using adjectives. An adjective can go right before the noun it’s describing (“I
have a black dog”), but it doesn’t have to. Sometimes, adjectives are at the
end of a sentence (“My dog is black”).
 Verbs
Go! Be amazing! Run as fast as you can! Win the race! Congratulate every
participant who put in the work and competed!
Those bolded words are verbs. Verbs are words that describe specific
actions, like running, winning, and being amazing.
Not all verbs refer to literal actions, though. Verbs that refer to feelings or
states of being, like to love and to be, are known as nonaction verbs.
Conversely, the verbs that do refer to literal actions are known as action
verbs.
 Adverbs
An adverb is a word that describes an adjective, a verb, or another adverb.
I entered the room quietly.
Quietly is describing how you entered (verb) the room.

Province of Laguna
A cheetah is always faster than a lion.
Always is describing how frequently a cheetah is faster (adjective) than a
lion.
 Prepositions
Prepositions tell you the relationships between other words in a sentence.
You might say, “I left my bike leaning against the garage.” In this
sentence, against is the preposition because it tells us where you left your
bike.
Here’s another example: “She put the pizza in the oven.” Without the
preposition in, we don’t know where the pizza is.
 Conjunctions
Conjunctions make it possible to build complex sentences that express
multiple ideas.
“I like marinara sauce. I like alfredo sauce. I don’t like puttanesca sauce.”
Each of these three sentences expresses a clear idea. There’s nothing wrong
with listing your preferences like this, but it’s not the most efficient way to
do it.
Consider instead: “I like marinara sauce and alfredo sauce, but I don’t like
puttanesca sauce.
In this sentence, and and but are the two conjunctions that link your ideas
together.
 Articles
A pear. The brick houses. An exciting experience. These bolded words are
known as articles.
Articles come in two flavors: definite articles and indefinite articles. And
similarly, to the two types of nouns, the type of article you use depends on
how specific you need to be about the thing you’re discussing.
A definite article, like the or this, describes one specific noun.
Did you buy the car?
From the above sentence, we understand that the speaker is referring to a
specific previously discussed car.
Now swap in an indefinite article:
Did you buy a car?
See how the implication that you’re referring back to something specific is
gone, and you’re asking a more general question?
c. Writing Clearly and Logically
Sentence and Paragraph Composition
 What is sentence structure?

Province of Laguna
Sentence structure is the order of all the parts in a sentence: subject,
predicate, objects, phrases, punctuation, etc. It deals a lot with independent
and dependent clauses and how they combine (explained below), the
placement of words and phrases next to what they modify, as well as the
use of proper grammar.
 Basic parts of a sentence
Every sentence requires at least a verb and a subject; a verb is an action,
and a subject is the noun that does the action.
I am waiting.
In this example, am waiting is the verb. The main verb is wait, but when we
conjugate it in the present continuous, we use the –ing form and add the
auxiliary verb am. The subject is I, the person who waits.
The exception to this rule is imperative sentences (commands), which only
need a verb. We can assume the subject is the person the speaker is talking
to.
Stop!
This single word is a complete sentence. The verb is stop, and no subject is
necessary because it’s a command.
Some sentences can add objects, which are nouns that also participate in
the action. Let’s say you forgot your calculator and you ask your friend to
borrow theirs.
My buddy lends me their calculator.

In this example, lends is the verb and my buddy is the subject because
they’re the one lending. The word calculator is what’s called a direct object,
the noun that receives the action. In this case, the direct object is the thing
being lent—a calculator.
The indirect object is the noun that receives the direct object. In the
example above, the indirect object is me, because that’s who receives the
calculator. Indirect objects come between the verb and direct object.
Did you notice that the subject uses the pronoun I but the objects use the
pronoun me? Subject and object pronouns are different, so make sure
you’re using the right one.
Only a certain type of verb called transitive verbs can use direct and
indirect objects. However, transitive verbs are quite common, so you’ll be
using them a lot.
Let’s look at another example.
Herrera passes Mbappé the ball.
Can you identify the verb, subject, direct object, and indirect object?
a. The verb is passes because that’s the action in the sentence.
b. The subject is Herrera because Herrera is the person who passes.
c. The direct object is the ball because the ball is the thing being passed.
d. The indirect object is Mbappé because Mbappé receives the ball.

Province of Laguna
 4 sentence structure grammar rules

Aside from knowing the parts of a sentence, you also have to follow
the grammar rules. In case you forget, here’s a quick list:
1. Capitalize the first letter of the first word in a sentence.
2. End a sentence with a period, question mark, exclamation point, or
quotation marks.
3. Most of the time, the subject of the sentence comes first, the verb comes
second, and the objects come last. (Subject -> Verb -> Object)
4. If the subject is singular, the verb must also be singular. If the subject is
plural, the verb must be plural. This is known as subject-verb
agreement.
 How to Write Strong Paragraphs

a. What is a paragraph?
A paragraph is a collection of sentences that relate to a single topic.
b. What are the keys to a strong paragraph?

A strong paragraph explores a single topic with details following in a
logical order. Paragraphs often use transitions to connect otherwise
disjointed sentences, helping every piece of information to work
together.
d. How is a paragraph structured?

 Good paragraphs begin with a topic sentence that briefly explains
what the paragraph is about.
 Next come a few sentences for development and support,
elaborating on the topic with more detail.
 Paragraphs end with a conclusion sentence that summarizes the
topic or presents one final piece of support to wrap up.
e. How many sentences are in a paragraph?

Most paragraphs contain between three and five sentences, but there
are plenty of exceptions. Different types of paragraphs have different
numbers of sentences, like those in narrative writing, in particular,
where single-sentence paragraphs are common.
Likewise, the number of sentences in a paragraph can change based on

the style of the writer. Some authors prefer longer, more descriptive
paragraphs, while other authors prefer shorter, faster-paced
paragraphs.
When it comes to nonfiction writing, like research papers or reports,

most paragraphs have at least three sentences: a topic sentence, a
development/support sentence, and a conclusion sentence.

Province of Laguna
f. How to start a paragraph
Unless you’re doing narrative writing, your paragraph introduction

should always be the topic sentence. The trick is to avoid overexplaining
—say only what’s necessary. The goal of the topic sentence is to inform
the reader what the paragraph is about; everything extra should be
saved for the following sentences.
For example, in the Twelve Years a Slave paragraph sample, the topic
sentence is only four words long. Northup saves the details for the
following sentences. As an added effect, the brevity of his first sentence
adds both mystery and potency, piquing the reader’s interest and
enticing them to continue.
On a technical note, when beginning a new paragraph, follow the rules
of paragraph indentation for whatever style guide you’re using. There is
a paragraph indentation debate about when to indent the first line and
when not to; really, it depends on the assignment or audience.
 Police Terminology
 Common Use Terms in Police Report
NOTE: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATRIX IS THE SAME AS IN SYNCHRONOUS/

ASYNCHRONOUS MODE OF LEARNING.
• E-LEARNING OFFLINE
OPTION: MODULES, ACTIVITY SHEET, LEARNING MATERIALS STORED IN A HARD DRIVE, A

CD OR DVD
• REMOTE OFFLINE
Offline Activities OPTION 1. MODULE-BASED PRINTED MATERIALS

(e-Learning/Self- OPTION 2. SPECIFIC COPY OF SCANNED/DIGITIZED MATERIALS ATTACHED TO THE MODULE
Paced)
I. ENGAGING ACTIVITIES

Province of Laguna
Performance Tasks

Province of Laguna
II. REASONING TEST
MAKE YOUR ANSWER BRIEF, DIRECT, AND CONCISE.
a) Case study 1
b) Case study 2
Understanding Directed Assess

Rubric for Concept Map
Criteria Excellent Good Adequate Marginal No Credit; is

unacceptable to
review
(0)
(4) (3) (2) (1)
Structure non-linear non-linear non-linear non-linear inappropriate

structure that structure that structure that structure that structure
provides a very provides a provides a shows some

Province of Laguna
complete picture complete picture picture of your relationships
of your ideas of your ideas ideas between ideas
Relationships relative relative relative importance is no differentiation

importance of importance of importance of evident but not between ideas;
ideas is indicated ideas is indicated ideas is indicated; very distinctive; no evidence of
and both simple and relationships relationships are relations are meaningful
and complex are very mapped somewhat clear relationships
relationships are effectively but lacking
very effectively mapped
mapped
Exploratory map shows map shows map shows map shows some thinking process
complex thinking effective thinking definite thinking thinking about is not clear
about the about the about relationships
meaningful meaningful relationships between ideas,
relationship relationships between ideas, themes, and the
between ideas, between ideas, themes, and the framework
themes, and the themes, and the framework
framework framework
Communication information is information is information is information is information is

presented clearly presented clearly presented clearly presented and not clear, very
and allows for a and allows for a and allows for a some difficult to
high level of good level of basic level of understanding understand
understanding understanding understanding can be gained
University of Minnesota digital media center. (2004). Concept map [assessment rubric]. Retrieved on December 20, 2007, from
http://dmc.umn.edu/activities/mindmap/assessment.pdf
Learning Resources

Province of Laguna
The main references of this course are the following:
 Ismail Quli, S. (2023). Elements of Legal Writing.

 Fetalvo-Balares et al. (2023). Technical English 1 & 2 (Legal Forms)
For Criminology Students.
 Akshat (2023). Fundamentals of Legal Writing.
 Ellis, M (2022). How to Write Strong Paragraphs. www.grammarly.com

Province of Laguna
Prepared and created by:

BERNARDITO B. FUNTILA
CAS FACULTY

Legal Writing CDI 4 MODULE 1 Funtila 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Legal Writing CDI 4 MODULE 1 Funtila 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Legal Writing CDI 4 MODULE 1 Funtila 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Introduction: Legal Writing

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Student Learning Strategies

Introduction: Legal Writing

 Pleadings- an answer to complaints or denying client’s liabilities

As a judge: (aid: DRaG)

Decisions- to be put in writing

A. Aims of Legal Writing (Aid: For Love I Put

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

II. LEGAL DISPUTE

Petitioner (You did) DISPUTE (No I didn’t) Defendant

Legal dispute is the HEART of every case because it involves a violation of a

Legal Dispute2 is that which is recast in a form of an issue:

Importance of knowing the issue:

III. STAGES IN LEGAL WRITING (Aid: Please Wait)

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

2. Write-up- writing the legal aspects in an organized and

1. Types of basic legal writing

2. Categories of basic legal writing

The main elements of legal writing include:

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Clarity and conciseness:

It is important to note that, while conciseness is important, it should not

There are several key components to persuasive argumentation in legal

b. Evidence and legal authority: Legal writing should provide evidence

c. Logical organization: Legal writing should be organized in a logical and

d. Strong rhetoric: Legal writing should use strong rhetoric, such as

e. Anticipating counterarguments: Legal writing should anticipate and

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

f. Conclusion: The conclusion should wrap up the argument by

Overall, persuasive argumentation is an essential element of legal writing as

4. Legal Principles in Writing

 Difference between Legal English & General English

description etc. but legal writing is slightly different. Legal writing

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

b. Eight Principal Parts of Speech

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

c. Writing Clearly and Logically

Sentence and Paragraph Composition

 What is sentence structure?

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

My buddy lends me their calculator.

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

 4 sentence structure grammar rules

 How to Write Strong Paragraphs

b. What are the keys to a strong paragraph?

d. How is a paragraph structured?

e. How many sentences are in a paragraph?

Likewise, the number of sentences in a paragraph can change based on

When it comes to nonfiction writing, like research papers or reports,

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

f. How to start a paragraph

Unless you’re doing narrative writing, your paragraph introduction

NOTE: TEACHING AND LEARNING MATRIX IS THE SAME AS IN SYNCHRONOUS/