CCST Level III Study Guide v4.1

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Certified Control Systems Technician® (CCST®)

Level III Study Guide
Certified Control Systems Technician® Study Guide - Level 3, Version 4.4
Revision Date: August 2022 © ISA – 2020
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by
any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without prior written permission of
the Publisher:
ISA
3252 South Miamil Blvd Ste 102
Durham, North Carolina 27703
U.S.A.
http://www.isa.org
The CCST® Study Guides are designed to provide a review of key content areas
(domains) covered on the CCST examination and to familiarize the applicant with the
type of questions that may be covered. Actual CCST examination questions are not
available in the public domain and are not included in this study guide. Satisfactory
completion of study guide questions in no way assures a passing score on the CCST
examination.
Compiled and edited by Mark Seliga with help from fellow CCSTs, ISA’s subject matter
experts, and staff.
References are made to relevant guidelines, regulations, and standards published by the
Occupational Health and Safety Administration,
National Fire Protection Agency,
International Electrotechnical Administration, and the
International Organization for Standardization.
Please submit inquiries regarding this guide to mweisner@isa.org
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CCST Level III Study Guide
Table of Contents
Introduction …………………………………………………..…….……3
Domain 1 – Calibration, Maintenance,

Repair, Troubleshooting …………………………………………….…...13
Domain 2 - Start-up, Commissioning, Loop Check,

Project Organization, Planning …………………………………….…….22
Domain 3 – Documentation………………………………………..............28
Domain 4 – Administration, Supervision, Management……………… 33
Answers…..………………………………………………………..…..…….52
CCST Resources ………………………………………………… …….....55
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Welcome
Thank you for your interest in the ISA Certified Control Systems Technician (CCST) Program.
Being a CCST instantly makes you more valuable to your employer and increases your potential for
higher-profile jobs. The CCST Program was developed by leaders in the industry, including ISA, so
your qualifications will be recognized industry wide.
This self-study guide was developed to help you prepare for the ISA CCST Level I test. You may
have some idea of the structure of the CCST Program. If not, the CCST Introduction below will
provide you with information about the Program.
This Level Three CCST Study Guide is divided into four domains to reflect the structure of the test
and the task relevant to a Level Three. Each domain consists of an introduction, sample questions,
and other sources for study. Although the questions in this guide reflect questions on the test,
completing this guide is no guarantee of achieving certification. The best way to prepare for the test is
to study as much information relative to the domains and tasks as possible.
CCST Introduction
During early 1995, ISA, the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), the Instrument
Contracting and Engineering Association (ICEA), and the United Association of Plumbers and Pipe
Fitters (UA) worked together to determine the needs for a control systems technician certification.
After an extensive analysis of the market, ISA developed the CCST program.
3
CCST Program Overview
Control Systems Technician Definition

A Control Systems Technician (CST) is skilled in and knowledgeable of pneumatic, mechanical,
and electronic instrumentation and understands process control loops and process control systems,
including those that are computer based. Typically, a CST has received training in such specialized
subjects as: theory of control, analog and/or digital electronics, microprocessors and/or computers,
and the operation and maintenance of particular lines of field instrumentation. The CST is acquainted
with both pipefitting and electrical fundamentals.
A CST performs calibration, documentation, loop checks, troubleshooting, and repair or
replacement of instrumentation. These tasks relate to systems that measure and control level,
temperature, pressure, flow, force, power, position, motion, physical properties, chemical
composition, and other process variables.
Program Definition
ISA’s CCST Program promotes the professional development of the CST, providing recognition
and documentation of the technician’s knowledge, experience, and education in measurement and
control.
CSTs play a vital role in industry, exercising direct control over many operations that result in
product quality, safety, and environmental protection. The CCST program ensures high levels of skill
and competency and is regarded as an important contribution by both industry management and
labor.
To be certified under the ISA program as a CST, applicants must demonstrate that they are skilled
practitioners, knowledgeable in pneumatic and electronic instrumentation. They must demonstrate an
understanding of process control loops and process control systems, including both analog and
micro-processor-based systems.
The CCST Program provides the mechanism to ascertain and document to management,
contractors and labor organizations, the qualifications of CSTs to work safely and effectively in
process industries worldwide.
As evidence of qualifying for certification, ISA will provide successful candidates with a certificate
stating the level at which the individual is certified, and will maintain a registry of CCSTs who hold
certificates.
Certification Classifications
CCST certifications are available at three levels, Level I, Level II (Specialist), and Level III
(Master). Each level requires that you pass the appropriate test. Applicants qualify for a specific level
based on combinations of experience and education.
4
CCST Program Requirements
Definitions
General criteria to qualify to take any of the following examinations is that you meet certain
education and work experience requirements, pass the exam, and commit to the ISA Code of Ethics.
You must also acknowledge that you may be randomly chosen for an audit and would need to provide
supporting documentation upon request.
Related experience always means work done in the instrumentation, measurement and control,
electronics, electrical and mechanical fields. One (1) year of work experience means 1500 hours of
active employment during a twelve (12) month period.
There is no academic requirement for any level. However, candidates may substitute post-
secondary education in related technologies for a maximum of four years’ work experience as defined
for each level of certification. Related technologies include instrumentation, measurement, and
control, electrical, electronic or mechanical technologies. An academic degree, or equivalent, means
an Associate of Science (AS) degree in these technologies or 40 semester hours in technology
courses.
Education and Experience Requirements

Meeting the required work experience and education are a MUST to qualify for each level of
testing. Work experience and educational periods may not overlap when compiling the total number
of years for a level.
Level I – Certified Control Systems Technician

A five-year total of education, training, and/or experience. The following elements may be used to
satisfy this requirement:
A registered apprenticeship in an instrumentation, measurement and control, electronics, electrical,
and/or mechanical program, if applicable.
a. Academic degree (or equivalent) in a related technology area, to a maximum of four years.
b. Successfully completing the CST Associate Recognition Program (equivalent to one year).
c. Related work experience.
Level II (Specialist) - Certified Control Systems Technician

A seven-year total of education, training, and/or experience. The following elements may be used to
satisfy this requirement:
b. Related work experience, including at least two years in instrumentation/measurement and
control.
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Level III (Master) - Certified Control Systems Technician
A thirteen-year total of education, training, and/or experience. The following elements may be used
to satisfy this requirement:
b. Related work experience, including at least five years in instrumentation/measurement and
control.
The CCST program is a two-fold certification: (1) all applicants must meet the requirements for the
level of testing for which he/she applies and (2) pass the test. You must provide supporting
documentation if you are randomly chosen for an audit.
Eligibility
Once the exam fee is received, candidates are assigned to one of three testing windows, with a
twelve (12) month time period. If you do not test during this time period, you must re-apply to the
program and submit a new application fee.
Examinations
A comprehensive job analysis was conducted in 2018 to account for the work performed by CSTs.
The job analysis identified performance domains that were subsequently validated in a nationwide
survey for each of the three levels.
Domains
The following table indicates the percentage of questions appearing on the tests as they relate to
each domain. The percentage of questions per domain is based on each domain’s relative
importance and criticality in terms of what CSTs are expected to know while performing their jobs.
Domain Level I Average % Level II Average % Level III Average %

I. Calibration, Maintenance, 75% 64% 20%
Repair, Troubleshooting
II. Project Start-up, 15% 19% 14%
Commissioning, Loop-check,
Project Organization, Planning
III. Documentation 10% 11% 17%
IV. Administration, 0% 6% 49%
Supervision, Management
Taking the Exam

For more information regarding the CCST program, visit ISA online at
https://www.isa.org/certification/ccst, email certifications@isa.org, or call ISA at (919) 549-8411.
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The exam is offered in an electronic format online or at a testing center, or in the paper/pencil
format for a private test. Candidates for Level I and Level III (Master) will have 4 hours to
complete the test. Candidates for the Level II (Specialist) will have 3 hours to take the test.
Tests are available during three testing windows. For details on applying for testing, go to
https://www.isa.org/certification/certification-tests-and-testing.
If the number of examinees for a private exam site falls below the minimum number pre-
established for the session, ISA reserves the right to cancel the session and reschedule the affected
examinees as quickly as possible. If a test site must be canceled because of a weather condition or
insurmountable problems in regard to test availability, test room availability, or proctor availability, ISA
will contact the examinees as quickly as possible and arrange a replacement test date. Although rare,
the potential exists for a cancelation to occur as late as the actual day of the test.
All CCST tests are closed book. No reference material of any kind may be brought into the
test room.
Recertifying
Recertifying is required every three years. Recertification requires no submission of forms or
supporting documentation. By paying your recertification fee, you self-certify that you 1) Have
accumulated the appropriate number of Professional Development Points (PDPs) over the last three
(3) years; and 2) Acknowledge that you may be subject to a random verification audit and will fully
agree to provide the supporting documents that prove your qualifications. CCST recertification
requires at least ninety (90) Professional Development Points (PDPs) over the last three (3) year. You
earn thirty (30) PDPs per year when you work more than 1,500 hours per year.
How Do I Recertify?
You may recertify on or four (4) months before your certification expiration date by going to ISA’s
Recertification web page (https://www.isa.org/certification/recertification) and selecting the
certification for which you wish to recertify. You then pay your recertification fee if you can self-certify
that you are eligible to recertify.
The recertification fee is $265 (non-members) or $210 (ISA members) There is a four-month
grace period.
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Disability
Applicants with disabilities as defined in Title III of the Americans With Disabilities Act who could be
placed at a disadvantage when taking the CCST test must advise ISA in writing of their needs by
including a letter and necessary documentation, as appropriate, with the application material by the
test deadline stated on the schedule. ISA will contact the applicant to make the necessary
arrangements before the test date if the request is approved
Fees
1. Go to https://www.isa.org/certification/certification-exams-and-testing. Select and pay for the
CCST Level for which you are applying. The CCST test fees are as follows:
Price for
Affiliate
Price for
Certification Members,
ISA Exam Format
Level Community
Members
Members,
and List
Levels I and
$ 331 $ 415 Electronic
III
Level II $ 315 $ 397 Electronic
2. Within the next three (3) business days, you will receive a Notice to Schedule examination email
from candidatesupport@scantron.com. The email contains information that you will use to
schedule and take your test with Scantron at a testing center or online.
3. Take your test online or at a testing center during the scheduled time with the required photo
identification.
4. You will receive your pass/fail results immediately after testing . You will not receive a score. If
you pass the test, you will receive an email containing a digital badge from isa_badges@isa.org
within 24 hours of completing the test. If you fail the test, you will receive a score report that lists
the domains and indicates the percentage of questions answered correctly within each domain.
Note that the percentages are not used to calculate a candidate’s passing score.
Make checks payable to ISA. ISA does not issue receipts for payment of test fees. Your receipt of an
eligibility is your proof of payment.
The application fees are subject to change. Examination fees may be tax deductible on your
individual federal income tax return if your certification is to maintain or improve your professional
skills. Payments for examination fees are not deductible as charitable contributions.
8
Due Process Procedures
If an applicant feels he/she was wrongly denied certification, original or renewal, from the CCST
program, then he/she has the right to appeal.
I. Appeals
A. All appeals shall be in writing.
1. The notice of appeal must be delivered to the Certification Board, addressed to the
attention of the ISA Executive Director, by the close of business on the 21st day after the
date of the notice of denied certification.
2. The appeal should include the date the notice of denied certification was received and must
state the reasons the applicant believes the denied certification was in error.
3. The appeal should indicate whether the applicant requests a hearing.
a. If a hearing is requested, the applicant must explain why a hearing is needed, identify
the issues to be resolved at a hearing, list names of prospective witnesses, and identify
documentation and other evidence to be introduced at the hearing before the Board.
4. The Chair of the Certification Board will select a three-member panel of the Board to
become the Review Panel, one of whom shall be appointed Chair and will be the final vote
in the event of a tie during the ruling.
II. Procedures
A. The Review Panel will review the appeal and any request for a hearing. The Review Panel will
grant a hearing in connection with the appeal, if requested.
1. Hearing
A. The Chair of the Review Panel will determine the time and location of the hearing within 90
days after determination that a hearing is warranted and will notify the applicant within the
first 21 days. The applicant will be notified of the hearing time and location at least 20 days
prior to the time determined for the hearing.
a) The applicant may be represented by counsel or represent him/herself at the hearing.

The applicant may offer witnesses and documents and may cross-examine any witness.
b) The Review Panel may consider any evidence it deems relevant without regard to strict
application of legal rules of evidence.
c) The applicant is urged to submit a written brief (four copies) 10 days prior to the hearing
to the Certification Board, addressed to the attention of the ISA Executive Director, for
distribution to the panel in support of his/her position. However, written briefs are not
required.
d) Deposition
i If the applicant or Review Panel desires to take a deposition prior to the hearing of
any voluntary witnesses who cannot attend the hearing, the deposition of a witness
may be applied for in writing to the Chair of the Review Panel together with a
written consent signed by the potential witness that he or she will give a deposition
for one party and a statement to the effect that the witness cannot attend the
hearing along with the reason for such unavailability.
ii The party seeking to take the deposition of a witness shall state in detail as to what
the witness is expected to testify.
iii If the Chair of the Review Panel is satisfied that such deposition from a possible
witness will be relevant to the issue in question before the Panel, then the Chair will
9
authorize the taking of the deposition. The Chair will also designate a member of
the Panel to be present at the deposition.
iv The deposition may be taken orally or by video. Any refusal of the taking of the
deposition by the Chair shall be reviewed by the Panel at the request of the
applicant.
v The party requesting the deposition will pay for the cost connected with taking the
deposition.
B. The applicant will be notified of the result of the Review Panel within 30 days of the meeting
III. Final Review

A. If the Review Panel decides adverse to the applicant, the applicant may appeal to the full
Certification Board for a final review by the close of business on the 21st day after the notice of
decision is issued. Such appeal shall follow the same procedures as the initial appeal to the
extent possible with the Chair of the Board serving as the Chair of the Final Review Panel. The
Chair will once again select a three-member panel, one of whom shall be himself, to become
the Review Panel, and the final vote in the event of a tie during the ruling shall be his.
B. If the applicant does not petition the Board for review or request a hearing before the Board
regarding the recommendation of rejection of the application within the time allowed by these
rules, the original decision by the Review Panel shall stand.
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The ISA Code of Ethics
Preamble
As engineers, scientists, educators, technicians, sales representatives, and executives in an
important and learned profession; and in order to safeguard public welfare; and to establish and
maintain a high standard of integrity and practice; and as members of ISA, we hold to these Articles:
Article I
Members shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of
their duties, and shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriate
where such obligations are abused.
Members shall hold in confidence facts, data and information obtained in a professional capacity,
unless the release thereof is authorized by their employer or client, and shall not engage in fraudulent
or dishonest business or professional practices.
Article II
Members shall perform services only in areas in which they are qualified by education or
experience, and shall endeavor to maintain their professional skills at the state of the art. Members
shall practice their profession in a manner which will uphold public appreciation of the services they
render.
Article III
Members shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner, and shall include
all pertinent and relevant information in professional reports, statements and testimony. Members
shall be honest and realistic in making estimates or in stating claims based on avail-able data.
Members shall offer honest criticism of work, and shall properly credit the contributions of others.
Article IV
Members shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or
trustees, and shall not participate in any business association, interest or circumstances which
influence, or appear to influence, their judgment or the quality of their services. Members shall accept
compensation, financial or otherwise, from only one party for services on or pertaining to the same
work, unless otherwise agreed to by all parties; and shall not give or accept, directly or indirectly, any
gift, payment or service of more than nominal value to or from those having business relationships
with their employers or clients.
Article V
Members shall use only proper solicitation of employments, and shall represent their abilities,
qualifications, education, technical associations and professional registrations without exaggeration
and in accordance with the laws of the locations in which they practice.
Article VI
Members shall pledge themselves to live and work according to the laws of man and to the
highest standards of professional conduct, using their knowledge and skills to the benefit of all
mankind.
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Resource Materials
The CCST program covers a broad area of domains in the field of automation and control. ISA
has reference publications and training services to assist those preparing for certification and
interested in skill enhancement. Study Guides are available for each level of certification. The Level I,
II and III guides contain sample questions and listings of training products and courses related to
each of the performance domains.
Information regarding the many benefits of becoming an ISA member are included in the resource
section at the end of this guide.
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DOMAIN 1
PERFORMANCE DOMAIN 1
CALIBRATION, MAINTENANCE,
REPAIR, TROUBLESHOOTING
Level Three Task
Task 101 2% of Exam
Calibrate a device using appropriate test standards, recommended procedures, and manufacturer's
specifications on instrument data sheets in order to record "as-found" readings, evaluate "as-found"
readings against specified tolerance, make calibration adjustments as required, and record "as-left"
data.
Task 102 2% of Exam
Assess the condition of a device through documentation review, inspection, and testing in order to
make adjustments to maintain device performance and accuracy to determine the need for any
repairs.
Task 113 2% of Exam
Evaluate control system tuning by observing system response to changes in controller parameters,
and adjust PID tuning parameters to provide proper system response.
Task 115 2% of Exam
Evaluate industrial network devices by using network diagnostic tools to ensure proper performance.
Task 116 3% of Exam
Review and coordinate a plan of corrective action for control systems that are causing observed
discrepancies
13
DOMAIN 1
Task 118 2% of Exam
Assign network device addresses by using network addressing tools to ensure proper
communications throughout the network.
Task 119 3% of Exam
Apply basic cybersecurity practices and principles to protect industrial control systems.
Task 121 4% of Exam
Wear appropriate PPE required for each hazard risk category, consistent with ARC flash ratings, to
avoid bodily harm or death.
14
DOMAIN 1
1. A viscous fluid that has a linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate is a?
A. A Bingham Fluid
B. A Newtonian Fluid
C. A Pseudoplastic Fluid
D. A Non-Newtonian Fluid
2. The normal wire size used for Type “B”, “R”, and “S” thermocouples is?
A. 24 AWG
B. 22 AWG
C. 24 AWG
D. 20 AWG
3. Carbon steel or _______ valve trim materials are usually selected for city water, air, and steam
services.
A. Monel
B. Copper
C. Hastelloy
D. Bronze
4. In the (SI) International System of Units, what is the standard unit for mass?
A. Gram
B. Kilogram
C. Pound
D. Milligram
5. What is the conversion accuracy for a 16 Bit A/D converter?
A. +/- 0.024414 % Full Scale

B. +/- 0.001526 % Full Scale
C. +/- 0.390625 % Full Scale
D. +/- 0.012207 % Full Scale
6. Some SMART transmitters have test point connections that allow current to be measured in
series using an ammeter without lifting a wire to break the loop. This is due the addition of
what electronic component to the loop?
A. Capacitor
B. Diode
C. Resistor
D. Optical Isolator
15
DOMAIN 1
7. What is the emittance of a Gray Body?
A. Greater than 1
B. Equal to one
C. Between 0 and 1
D. Greater than or equal to one
8. One advantage of the Gold-Film Hydrogen Sulfide sensor is that it is not sensitive to
interference by?
A. NO2, SO2, CO
B. SO2, NOX, CO2
C. SO2, CO2, CO
D. NOX, SO2, CO
9. The basic instrumentation used for pH measurement closely parallels that used for _______
measurement.
A. DO
B. Conductivity
C. Turbidity
D. ORP
10. OSHA regulations require that oxygen concentration in air not fall below _______ during an 8
hour workday?
A. 20.9 % O2
B. 18.5 % O2
C. 19.5 % O2
D. 20.5 % O2
11. What is the ISA standard for “Specification Forms for Process Measurement and Control
Instruments”?
A. ISA-RP42.00.01-2001
B. ISA-67.01-2002 (R2007)
C. ISA-20.00.03-2001
D. ISA-RP31.1-1977
12. Direct Digital Control (DDC) is represented on a P & ID (According to ISA-5.1-1984 (R1992) by
what symbol?
A. Circle inside a square

B. Hexagon
C. Pentagon
D. Diamond
16
DOMAIN 1
13. The most popular type of orifice plate is?
A. Eccentric
B. Square Edge
C. Integral
D. Concentric
14. To prevent diaphragm failure, d/p level transmitters used in vacuum applications, should
always be mounted?
A. At the bottom process connection

B. Below the bottom process connection
C. Above the bottom process connection
D. At or below the bottom process connection
15. Noble metal thermocouples are capable of measuring temperatures up to?
A. 2000 Degrees C
B. 1000 Degrees C
C. 3000 Degrees C
D. 1500 Degrees C
16. Which temperature measurement device is capable of responding to temperature changes up

to 50,000 times per second?
A. Thermistor
B. Pyrometer
C. Thermocouple
D. Optical Fiber
17. The (API) American Petroleum Institute’s Standard _______ outlines the strict requirements for
rotating equipment.
A. 570
B. 470
C. 670
D. 770
18. Hydraulic hand pumps can be used for pressure calibrations up to _______ psi.
A. 2000 psi
B. 1000 psi
C. 6000 psi
D. 5000 psi
17
DOMAIN 1
19. The smallest increment for a 3-1/2 digit display is?
A. 1/999
B. 1/1999
C. 1/9999
D. 1/2999
20. Replacing worn tires on your car is an example of which type of maintenance?
A. Corrective
B. Predictive
C. Preventive
D. Emergency
21. Direct current motors used in servo applications are designed for _______ torque and
_______ inertia.
A. High, Low
B. High, Medium
C. Medium, Low
D. Low, High
22. Determine the total head developed in feet by a centrifugal pump that has a 10 Inch impeller
and is rotating at 900 rpm.
A. 24.134 Feet
B. 281.25 Feet
C. 32.2 Feet
D. 140.6 Feet
23. According to ISA-5.1-1984 (R1992) standard, if an instrument tag has a first letter of _______
the device has a control or monitoring function that is event driven.
A. X
B. E
C. K
D. Y
24. An incompressible fluid is flowing through a process pipe with an inside diameter of 10.07
Inches under a pressure head of 14 Inches. Calculate the fluid velocity.
A. 9.23 Feet/Second
B. 7.25 Feet/Second
C. 8.64 Feet/Second
D. 32.2 Feet/Second
18
DOMAIN 1
25. A pneumatic valve actuator’s spring compression is linearly related to force according to?
A. Dalton’s Law
B. Boyle’s Law
C. Hooke’s Law
D. Newton’s Law
26. For flow measurement using a Doppler Ultrasonic flowmeter, the liquid flow stream should
have entrained gas greater than 30 microns or suspended solids typically greater than
_______ ppm.
A. 10
B. 30
C. 25
D. 35
27. A 100 dB aerodynamic noise reading from a control valve is how many times more intense
than an 80 dB reading?
A. 10 times
B. 100 times
C. 20 times
D. 80 Times
28. The tensile strength of a material, such as a valve diaphragm, is the stress required to cause
rupture, whereas the yield strength of a material is the stress required to cause a permanent
deformation of?
A. 0.1 %
B. 1%
C. 0.2 %
D. 0.5 %
29. If a noncontact Hall effect valve position sensor is used for position feedback, the positioner
electronics may be mounted up _______ feet away from the valve?
A. 100 Feet
B. 50 Feet
C. 75 Feet
D. 150 Feet
30. When using a networked valve on Modbus, what is the maximum cable distance?
A. 2000 Feet
B. 1000 Feet
C. 3000 Feet
D. 5000 Feet
19
DOMAIN 1
31. Which valve trim material in general has the best resistance to damage from the process?
A. 416 Stainless steel

B. Cobalt-Chromium alloys
C. Manganese Bronze
D. Monel 500
32. To calibrate a conductivity transmitter by disconnecting the conductivity probe and simulating a
signal into the conductivity transmitter, which type of device should be used to simulate the
signal?
A. Function generator
B. mV source
C. Decade Box
D. mA Source
33. A typical industrial type (Non - Adjustable) GFCI trips at an imbalance of about _______ mA?
A. 1
B. 20
C. 10
D. 5
34. When referring to enclosure types of protection, what is the letter designation for
encapsulation?
A. d
B. e
C. m
D. n
35. For proper pH control it is recommended that the residence time be?
A. Greater than 5 minutes

B. Less than 10 minutes
C. Greater than 3 Minutes
D. Less than 2 Minutes
36. A Venturi tube will measure approximately _______ more flow than a comparable orifice plate?
A. 50 to 75 %
B. 25 to 50 %
C. 30 to 70 %
D. 20 to 40 %
20
DOMAIN 1
37. Which type of pressure taps provide the best measurement for lines 10 Inch (250 mm) and
larger?
A. Flange
B. Radius
C. Pipe
D. Vena Contracta
38. _______ level sensors will not work in a vacuum?
A. d/p
B. Capacitive
C. Ultrasonic
D. Displacer
39. The beam divergence for a laser level transmitter is typically?
A. 1.0 Degrees
B. 3 to 5 Degrees
C. 1 to 2 Degrees
D. 0.3 Degrees
21
DOMAIN 2
PERFORMANCE DOMAIN 2
STARTUP, COMMISIONING, LOOP CHECK,
PROJECT ORGANIZATION, AND
PLANNING
LEVEL THREE TASK
Task 0204……….3% of Test
Manage site personnel during start-up to identify and correct problems that might arise during the
commissioning of control systems.
Task 0205………3% of Test
Verify final control element functionality by changing the values of the manipulated variables using the
controller mode and output functions.

Examine all pertinent documentation in order to identify the proper operation of a control system and
devices to provide a baseline against which to evaluate problems.
Inspect the control system components through visual observation to verify that the components are
correctly installed in accordance with applicable documentation to ensure safe and efficient device
operation.
Specify the optimal type of network required by an application.
22
DOMAIN 2
1. A temperature control loop has the following conditions:
Temperature Transmitter Range = 0 to 350 Degrees C

PV = 150 Degrees C and is steady
Controller Output = 25 %
The controller output decreases to 15 % and the loop comes to equilibrium at 180 Degrees
C. What is the process gain (Kp)?
A. 0.3
B. 0.857
C. 3
D. -0.857
2. When tuning a cascade control loop, which loop should be tuned first?
A. Primary Loop
B. Both loops simultaneously
C. Secondary Loop
D. Does not matter
3. The _______ function block in Foundation Fieldbus (FF) is intended for use in override control
strategies.
A. CS
B. AS
C. BS
D. DS
4. The flow rate of a clean, low-viscosity liquid is to be measured as the process input to a flow
control loop. The loop has a 4:1 turndown ration, and the accuracy requirement is 2%. The
flow rate is best measured using a(an):
A. Thermal
B. Positive Displacement Meter
C. Orifice Plate
D. Pitot Tube
5. What is the principal advantage of a Fieldbus installation over a traditional 4-20 mA with HART
protocol?
A. Device reaction time

B. Lower cost field devices
C. Lower cost field cabling
D. Device diagnostic coverage
23
DOMAIN 2
6. What physical network topology provides fault tolerance?
A. Star, Ring
B. Bus, Mesh
C. Star, Bus
D. Ring, Mesh
7. A rotary stem ball valve is being considered to replace a rising stem globe valve. Which of the
following statements is correct?
A. The ball valve Cv would likely be too large for the application
B. The piping would need to be changed because the ball valve will likely be longer than
the globe valve
C. Using the ball valve would not allow for the use of a diaphragm-type actuator
D. Ball valves are not used for modulating control
8. The applicable ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) code limits the maximum
superimposed constant backpressure on pressure relief devices to what value?
A. Set pressure including effect of static head and backpressure

B. Set pressure including effect of static head
C. Fluid critical pressure
D. 55 percent above set pressure
9. What is the most acceptable, cost-effective method for protecting a safety relief valve in
corrosive service?
A. Inert gas purge

B. Reverse-buckling rupture disc
C. Standard rupture disc
D. Wetted parts of non-corrosive materials
10. Safety integrity levels are selected for each:
A. Process unit or area

B. Piece of equipment
C. Safety Instrumented System
D. Safety Instrumented Function
24
DOMAIN 2
11. For measuring a flow stream with a large amount of suspended solids, in a 4-inch steel pipe, at
a flow rate of 150 gpm, which of the following sensing devices will provide the most reliable
and maintenance-free installation?
A. Coriolis flow meter

B. Magnetic flowmeter
C. Orifice plate
D. (TOF) Ultrasonic flow meter
12. According to IEEE standard 802.3, CSMA.CD Networks, a data transmission medium labeled
“10BASE5” can be used up to:
A. 10 thousand bits per second and 50 feet

B. 10 million bits per second and 500 feet
C. 10 million bits per second and 500 meters
D. 10 million bits per second and 5 kilometers
13. Compared to a control loop with no dead time (pure time delay), a control loop with an
appreciable dead time tends to require:
A. Less proportional gain and less integral action

B. More proportional gain and less integral action
C. More proportional gain and more integral action
D. Less proportional gain and more integral action
14. The set of standardized symbols “Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronic Diagrams” is
defined by:
A. IEEE 415-1975
B. IEEE 515-1985
C. IEEE 315-1975
D. IEEE 615-1980
15. Which scientist discovered in 1653 that whenever an external pressure is applied to any
confined liquid at rest, the pressure is increased at every point in the fluid by the amount of the
external pressure?
A. Newton
B. Bernoulli
C. Bourdon
D. Pascal
25
DOMAIN 2
16. What temperature is absolute Zero?
A. 0 Degrees C
B. 273.15 K
C. -459.69 Degrees C
D. -273.15 Degrees C
17. The standard temperature coefficient for Platinum RTDs in Europe is _______ and in North
America it is _______.
A. 0.00392 Ohms/Degree C, 0.00385 Ohms/Degree C

B. 0.00391 Ohms/Degree C, 0.00385 Ohms/Degree C
C. 0.00385 Ohms/Degree C, 0.00391 Ohms/Degree C
D. 0.00385 Ohms/Degree C, 0.00392 Ohms/Degree C
18. Calculate the Cv for a valve with the following service conditions:
Fluid: Motor Oil (SG = 0.88)

Flow Rate: 150 Gal/Min
P1 = 87 psi
P2 = 75 psi
A. 11
B. 553.91
C. 55
D. 40.62
19. Plants typically implement annunciators in accordance with the latest version of the _______
series of standards?
A. ISA-16
B. ISA-18
C. ISA-14
D. ISA-15
20. When liquid impulse lines are used to measure flow with a d/p transmitter, the impulse lines
should be sloped at approximately?
A. 2 Inches per Foot

B. 1 Inch per Foot
C. 4 Inches per Foot
D. 6 Inches per Foot
26
DOMAIN 2
21. For a segmental orifice, the aperture is a segment of a circle, the diameter of which is
practically _______ of the pipe’s nominal diameter.
A. 95 %
B. 100 %
C. 85 %
D. 98 %
22. Which flow element has a discharge coefficient (Cd) of 1.0?
A. Square edge orifice plate

B. Flow Nozzle
C. Segmental Orifice Plate
D. Venturi Tube
23. A type “W” thermocouple is to be installed in a thermowell to measure process temperatures

up to 1675 Degrees C. What thermowell material is rated for this temperature?
A. 446 Stainless Steel

B. Wrought Iron
C. Nickel
D. Aluminum Oxide
24. For the fastest temperature response which type of thermocouple should be used?
A. Ungrounded Junction
B. Exposed Junction
C. Insulated Junction
D. Grounded Junction
25. When commissioning a new pressure transmitter, tubing pressure tests for leaks should be
performed according to?
A. ISA-12.10-1988
B. ISA-7.0.01-1996
C. ISA-18.1-1979 (R2004)
D. ISA37.10-1982 (R1995)
27
DOMAIN 3
DOMAIN 3
DOCUMENTATION
Level Three Task
Task 0301 3% of Test
Provide data, reports, and technical support for regulatory agencies to satisfy regulatory compliance
requirements.
Document network device addresses and physical layout to ensure that there are no conflicts and
that information remains current.

Utilize system documentation and symbology to effectively troubleshoot instrumentation, control
loops, and systems.
Collect, organize, and maintain industrial network data and manage information to ensure system
integrity and optimize network performance.
Identify all pertinent documentation required for an addition/modification of a control system, and
update if necessary.
28
DOMAIN 3
Review project as-built drawings and verify redlined documentation to verify the accuracy of current
drawings for final approval.
29
DOMAIN 3
1. According to ISA-5.1-1984 (R1992), what letter is used to represent a “power” measured

variable?
A. W
B. P
C. J
D. I
2. Shields at frequencies above 10 MHz should be grounded in?
A. Two Points
B. Multiple Points
C. One Point
D. Three Points
3. For instrument air systems, the dewpoint at line pressure should be at least _______ below the
minimum temperature to which any part of the compressed air system will be exposed to
during any season of the year.
A. 15 Degrees F (8.33 Degrees C)

B. 30 Degrees F (11.11 Degrees C)
C. 18 Degrees F (10 Degrees C)
D. 25 Degrees F (13.89 Degrees C)
4. What standard allows for the use of electronic records for instrument calibrations?
A. 22 CFR Part 12
B. 21 CFR Part 12
C. 21 CFR Part 10
D. 21 CFR Part 11
5. _______ is overly conservative and will result in overstating uncertainties.
A. Square root of the sum of the squares (RSS)

B. Linear Summing
C. Total Probable Error (TPE)
D. Total Performance
30
DOMAIN 3
6. For a temperature transmitter with the following conditions:
Transmitter Range: 0 to 2000 Degrees F

Transmitter Accuracy: +/-0.7 % of Span
Application Requirement: +/-3.5 Degrees F Tolerance
What is the maximum transmitter span that can be used to meet the application
requirement?
A. 550 Degrees F
B. 400 Degrees F
C. 450 Degrees F
D. 500 Degrees F
7. Which standard recommends a 4:1 TAR for test equipment?
A. ANSI/NCSL 540-1-1994
B. ANSI/NCSL 640-1-1994
C. ANSI/NCSL 840-1-1994
D. ANSI/NCSL 440-1-1994
8. In nonincendive Class I, II, III, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, D, or G locations the following

precaution should be taken, even when using a qualified calibrator. Do not connect to any
circuit containing more than _______ in hazardous areas.
A. 50 Volts
B. 75 Volts
C. 24 Volts
D. 100 Volts
9. Deadweight testers can have pressure ranges as high as?
A. 10,000 Pounds
B. 5,000 Pounds
C. 20,000 Pounds
D. 15,000 Pounds
10. Which type of purged enclosure provides a reduction from Division 1 to Division 2?
A. W
B. Z
C. Y
D. X
31
DOMAIN 3
11. Explosionproof equipment used in Class I areas are constructed so that they will limit the
surface temperature of the equipment to less than _______ of the auto-ignition temperature
(AIT) in Degrees C of the material in the area classification with the lowest AIT.
A. 90 %
B. 80 %
C. 85 %
D. 95 %
12. According to ANSI/FCI 70-2 and IEC 60534-4 Standard, what is the maximum allowable
leakage for a Class III valve?
A. 0.5 % of rated capacity

B. 1.0 % of rated capacity
C. 0.1 % of rated capacity
D. 0.01 % of rated capacity
13. The principle of operation for Thermal Mass Flowmeters is based on?
A. Seebeck’s Law
B. Newton’s Law
C. King’s Law
D. Galileo’s Law
14. Vena Contracta taps should be located?
A. 1 ½ Diameters upstream and downstream at the Vena Contracta point

B. 2 Diameters upstream and downstream at the Vena Contracta point
C. 1 Diameter upstream and downstream at the Vena Contracta point
D. 2 ½ Diameters upstream and downstream at the Vena Contracta point
15. A vortex flowmeter configured for a pulse output has a K-Factor of 10 pulses/gal. When there
are 300 gal/min flowing through the meter, what would you expect to measure in Hz on the
output of the meter?
A. 3000 Hz
B. 30 Hz
C. 50 Hz
D. 500 Hz
32
DOMAIN 4
DOMAIN 4
ADMINISTRATION, SUPERVISION,
MANAGEMENT
Level Three Task
Task 401 4% of Exam
Identify electrical classification or other hazards in an area, and determine appropriate

procedures to be followed for safe and effective operation in that area.
Task 402 4% of Exam
Administer/coordinate work orders to facilitate proper calibration, repair, and maintenance.
Task 403 3% of Exam
Coordinate the removal and decontamination of a device from operational service by reviewing
the safety data sheets (SDS), appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and safety
procedures.
Task 404 4% of Exam
Coordinate with all affected personnel to isolate a process component from an operational
system in order to perform testing or maintenance.
Task 405 3% of Exam
Utilize an existing tracking system for the receipt, storage, and issuing of instruments on-site in
order to control resources.
33
DOMAIN 4
Task 406 3% of Exam
Develop preventive, predictive, and corrective maintenance procedures for instruments and
devices to minimize device failures and process downtime.
Task 407 3% of Exam
Develop procedures for the use of simulation and test equipment to verify proper loop
functionality, calibration, and maintenance.
Task 408 4% of Exam
Review and maintain calibration, maintenance, troubleshooting, and repair documents to

provide a permanent, accurate, and complete record of change and device history.
Task 409 4% of Exam
Ensure that all documents are complete and accurate and that they comply with recommended
procedures.
Task 410 5% of Exam
Ensure that applicable safety practices are followed and that personnel are informed of possible
hazards related to the tasks.
Task 411 3% of Exam
Monitor related project costs, schedules, and resources to identify deviations from a project
plan.
Task 412 3% of Exam
Participate in control project planning to coordinate project resources and personnel, and
ensure that all affected personnel are aware of their responsibilities.
34
DOMAIN 4
Task 413 3% of Exam
Update and maintain certified testing equipment, documentation, recommended procedures,

and out-of-tolerance reporting to facilitate the operation of instruments and devices necessary
for safety and quality assurance.
Task 414 3% of Exam
Use product quality and process data to evaluate control system performance and make
recommendations to optimize process efficiency, reliability, and safety.
Task 415 3% of Exam
Verify that training and certifications of relevant personnel are current and appropriately filed in
compliance with procedures.
35
DOMAIN 4
1. The Management of Change procedure ensures which factor is recorded and considered
before any change?
A. The technical basis for the proposed change

B. Modifications for operating procedures
C. The time period needed for the change
D. All of the above
2. Information on the ergonomic design of control centers is available from?
A. ISA-60 Standard
B. ISA-40 Standard
C. ISA-50 Standard
D. ISA-70 Standard
3. Which type of maintenance relies on testing such as: temperature, vibration, noise?
A. Preventive
B. Corrective
C. Predictive
D. Unscheduled
4. Diverse separation for a _______ application is generally required.
A. SIL 1
B. SIL 3
C. SIL 2
D. SIL 0
5. Most initial project budgetary cost estimates have an acceptable margin of error of plus or
minus?
A. 25 %
B. 30 %
C. 50 %
D. 40 %
6. Which of the following tools is commonly used to identify the causes of risks in an automation
project?
A. Design Experiments
B. Pareto Chart
C. Fishbone Diagram
D. Control Chart
36
DOMAIN 4
7. What is required to find the most efficient operating points that are highly dependent on
complex shifting process conditions, such as equipment fouling?
A. Smith Predictor using Lambda rules

B. Tactical Schedulers with business economics
C. Linear programs with detailed process economics
D. Real-Time Optimization with a detailed process model
8. Using Modbus, what is the maximum level of precision available in one data register?
A. 8 bits
B. 16 bits
C. 24 bits
D. 32 bits
9. The graphic display for a distillation column in a refining train would best fit in the HMI Display
hierarchy at which level?
A. Plant
B. Area
C. Group
D. Loop
10. According to the recommendations of the Engineering Equipment and Material Users
Association (EEMUA) Publication 191, what is the typical maximum number of alarms per
day?
A. 75 alarms per day

B. 300 alarms per day
C. 100 alarms per day
D. 250 alarms per day
11. For a 6-pole synchronous motor with a 60 Hz power source, at what speed will the motor run?
A. 3600 rpm
B. 900 rpm
C. 1800 rpm
D. 1200 rpm
37
DOMAIN 4
12. When a large automation project makes significant changes to plant operations, it is best to
perform operator training?
A. During the startup phase after water batching

B. After acceptance testing and prior to the startup phase
C. After the startup phase is complete and the process has stabilized
D. Six months prior to the startup phase, during control system development
13. For electronic instruments and electrical equipment, a rule of thumb is that for every _______
the temperature rises over the normal operating temperature for the equipment, the failure rate
doubles.
A. 5 Degrees C
B. 10 Degrees F
C. 5 Degrees F
D. 10 Degrees C
14. Purging can be used to place electrical equipment in?
A. Division 1 areas only

B. Division 2 areas only
C. Both Division 1 and 2 areas
D. None of the above
15. The human body coming in contact with temperatures over _______ can cause damage to
exposed skin?
A. 100 Degrees F
B. 115 Degrees F
C. 120 Degrees F
D. 105 Degrees F
16. Megohmmeter readings are usually taken over a period of?
A. 5 minutes
B. 2 minutes
C. 1 minute
D. 3 minutes
17. When measuring insulation resistance with a Megohmmeter, what is the normal break point, at
which cable or wiring usually needs to be investigated further?
A. 25 MOhms
B. 50 MOhms
C. 30 MOhms
D. 40 MOhms
38
DOMAIN 4
18. A null modem is used to connect?
A. A DCE to a DCE
B. A DTE to a DTE
C. A DTE to a DCE
19. The ISA standard “Temperature Measurement Thermocouples” is?
A. ISA-MC97.1-1982
B. ISA-MC95.1-1982
C. ISA-MC96.1-1982
D. ISA-MC98.1-1982
20. Control valve stick-slip is identified on reaction curves when the controller output paints a
_______ wave and the PV paints a corresponding _______ wave.
A. Saw Tooth, Saw Tooth

B. Saw Tooth, Square
C. Square, Saw Tooth
D. Square, Square
21. To obtain a (QAD) Quarter Amplitude Decay the loop gain is?
A. 1.0
B. 0.5
C. 2.0
D. 4.0
22. If the process gain (Kp) is greater than _______ , then the final element may be too large.
A. 2.5
B. 2.0
C. 3.0
D. 3.5
23. The formula to determine the controllability of a process is?
A. Lag Time/Dead Time

B. Time Constant/Lag Time
C. Dead Time/Time Constant
D. Dead Time/Lag Time
39
DOMAIN 4
24. _______ is a tuning method that is a variation of Ziegler Nichols that provides no overshoot
during normal operation and some overshoot at startup.
A. Lambda
B. Blevin’s
C. Cohen-Coon
D. Pessen
25. ANSI/ISA-7.0.01-1996 instrument air standard recommends that, under no circumstances shall
the maximum total oil or hydrocarbon content, exclusive of noncondensables exceed _______
under normal operating conditions.
A. 5 ppm by weight or volume

B. 1 ppm by weight or volume
C. 10 ppm by weight or volume
D. 25 ppm by weight or volume
26. Which flowmeter has no Reynolds number dependency?
A. Vortex
B. Rotameter
C. Ultrasonic
D. Magnetic
27. To get around emissivity problems, which pyrometer was developed?
A. Three-color pyrometer
B. Two-color pyrometer
C. Four-color pyrometer
D. Five-color pyrometer
28. For the following control valves: Eccentric plug, Globe, Butterfly, and Ball. List the valves in
order from the valve with the highest recovery Factor (FL) to the valve with lowest recovery
Factor (FL).
A. Eccentric Plug, Globe, Butterfly, Ball

B. Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Eccentric plug
C. Ball, Butterfly, Eccentric plug, Globe
D. Butterfly, Globe, Ball, Eccentric plug
40
DOMAIN 4
29. Which control mode responds to the duration of the error?
A. Proportional Band
B. On/Off
C. Integral
D. Derivative
30. For Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) control loops, if the number of inputs equals the
number of outputs the arrangement is called?
A. Balanced
B. Equal
C. Matched
D. Square
31. Which standard deals with Environmental management?
A. ISO 10000
B. ISO 9000
C. ISO 12000
D. ISO 14000
32. For intrinsic safety grounds, the ground conductor should be _______ or larger?
A. 12 AWG
B. 8 AWG
C. 14 AWG
D. 10 AWG
33. Which three types of contracts guarantee a profit to the seller?
A. Time and Material, Hybrid, Lump Sum

B. Lump Sum, Fixed Fee, Hybrid
C. Hybrid, Time and Material, Lump Sum
D. Time and Material, Time and Material-NTE, Cost Plus
34. The ISA CAP model defines how many phases for a project?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 5
D. 5
41
DOMAIN 4
35. According to NFPA 70E, for opening hinged door covers on a metal clad switchgear to expose
bare, energized parts at 1kV & above, what is the Hazard Category?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 1
D. 2
36. According to NFPA 70E, what is the minimum arc flash rating of PPE for a Hazard Risk
Category (HRC) 3?
A. 40 cal/cm2
B. 8 cal/cm2
C. 25 cal/cm2
D. 4 cal/cm2
37. According to NEC Article 500, which group deals with combustible metal dusts?
A. G
B. D
C. F
D. E
38. How many classifications for flammable liquids does the NFPA have?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 1
D. 2
39. An SCR is also known as a?
A. Tunnel diode
B. Thyristor
C. UJT
D. Triode
40. Distillation control is a challenging problem because of which factor?
A. Process nonlinearity
B. Multivariable coupling
C. Nonstationary behavior
D. All of the above
42
DOMAIN 4
41. What temperature is the triple point of water?
A. 0.02 Degrees C
B. 0.01 Degrees C
C. 0.00 Degrees C
D. 0.05 Degrees C
42. A torque tube is used for which type of process measurement?
A. Force
B. Pressure
C. Weight
D. Level
43. Which law implies that the pressure exerted by one gas does not interfere with the pressure
exerted by another gas?
A. Boyle’s Law
B. Dalton’s Law
C. Pascal’s Law
D. Charles’s Law
44. When a gas is compressed under high pressure, it no longer obeys _______ and the actual
density is generally greater than the theoretical density.
A. Boyle’s Law
B. Dalton’s Law
C. Pascal’s Law
D. Charles’s Law
45. If the ratio of pressure drop across the control valve for lowest flow rate to highest flow rate is
greater than five, which valve type is recommended?
A. Linear
B. Quick Opening
C. Hyperbolic
D. Equal Percentage
46. Which metal used for RTDs has excellent linearity of resistance versus temperature?
A. Nickel
B. Tungsten
C. Balcoa
D. Copper
43
DOMAIN 4
47. If the oxygen level in the atmosphere is reduced below _______ asphyxiation can occur,
causing death.
A. 10 %
B. 19%
C. 15%
D. 20%
48. A valve that has a deadband of 25 percent can provide flow rate precision of what percent
when a valve positioner is used?
A. Less than +/-0.25 %

B. Less than +/-1.0 %
C. Less than +/-0.75 %
D. Less than +/-0.50 %
49. IEEE-488 uses?
A. 8 parallel lines
B. 2 serial lines
C. 16 parallel lines
D. 24 parallel lines
50. RS-422 permits data rates up to 100 Kbaud and transmission distances up to?
A. 100 meters
B. 1.2 km
C. 5 km
D. 500 meters
51. Which type of thermocouple has the highest EMF output?
A. Type “K”
B. Type “S”
C. Type “R”
D. Type “E”
52. In the United States Laser eye safety is regulated by?
A. OSHA
B. IEC
C. FDA
D. ANSI
44
DOMAIN 4
53. If water is flowing through a 12” pipe at a velocity 8.486 Feet per second and the pipe is
reduced to a 10” pipe down the line, what will the velocity need to be through the 10” pipe to
maintain the same flow rate?
A. 9.073 Feet per second

B. 12.220 Feet per second
C. 10.256 Feet per second
D. 12.791 Feet per second
54. If a process is dominated by _______, the gain should act on the _______.
A. Lag, Error
B. Dead Time, Measurement
C. Lag, Measurement
D. Multiple Lags, Error
55. The secondary controller in a ratio control loop typically utilizes?
A. P only
B. PID
C. PI
D. PD
56. For the formula X = Process Gain with Load Step Change/Process Gain with Controller Output
Step Change. What does “X” represent?
A. Feedback Gain
B. Lambda Gain
C. Loop Gain
D. Feedforward Gain
57. On systems with an inverse response, what is required for good control?
A. Reverse acting controller

B. Feedback Control
C. Feedforward control
D. Reverse acting valve
58. Most of the applications where Model Predictive Control is used are in the?
A. Pulp and Paper Industry

B. Food Processing Industry
C. Chemical Industry
D. Refining Industry
45
DOMAIN 4
59. According to HMI Hierarchy Levels, what level is the Unit Detail?
A. Level 4
B. Level 1
C. Level 3
D. Level 2
60. _______ states the characteristics of a good alarm?
A. EEMUA 191
B. EEMUA 391
C. EEMUA 291
D. EEMUA 291
61. What type of curve usually represents an instruments failure rate?
A. Bell
B. Standard Deviation
C. Notch
D. Bath Tub
62. Which of the following statements is true regarding the HART communications protocol?
A. A “1” = 2400 Hz
B. A “1” = 1200 Hz
C. A “0” = 1200 Hz
D. A “0” = 2400 Hz
63. A device to connect two or more segments in a communications network is a ?
A. Bridge
B. Segment
C. Host
D. Repeater
64. An example of a Simplex communication system would be?
A. CB Radio
B. Ethernet
C. Profibus
D. 4 to 20mA Loop
46
DOMAIN 4
65. The HART protocol is an example of?
A. Frequency Modulation
B. Amplitude Modulation
C. Phase Lock Loop
D. Phase Modulation
66. At 100 Mbps how far can a parallel signal be transmitted successfully?
A. Several Feet
B. Several Meters
C. Several Inches
D. Several Centimeters
67. ASCII has how many possible symbols?
A. 32
B. 64
C. 16
D. 128
68. _______ signaling is a digital signaling technique over a shared cable where the signaling can
be done at the maximum rate allowed by the bandwidth of the cable?
A. Broadband
B. Carrierband
C. Bandwidth
D. Baseband
69. Wi-Fi operates within defined bands of frequencies, as dictated by the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC), specifically Part _______ of the FCC rules.
A. 11
B. 15
C. 12
D. 14
70. For ISA 100.11a “Wireless Systems for Industrial Automation: Process Control and Related
Applications” standard, what usage class is the safety category?
A. 5
B. 3
C. 0
D. 1
47
DOMAIN 4
71. The FCC assigns and governs frequencies within the _______, which covers the Americas,
Greenland, and some of the Eastern Pacific Islands.
A. ITU Region 1
B. ITU Region 2
C. ITU Region 3
D. ITU Region 4
72. What is maximum communication rate for a T-4 digital phone circuit?
A. 1.544 Mbps
B. 44.736 MBps
C. 274.176 Mbps
D. 6.312 Mbps
73. Which type of cable is not recognized in the EIA/TIA-568 standard?
A. UTP
B. ScTP
C. Coax
D. STP
74. What is the most widely used network diagnostic tool?
A. Time Domain Reflectometery (TDR)

B. CRC
C. Ping
D. Protocol Analyzers
75. Which PID algorithm uses independent gains?
A. Parallel
B. Real
C. Interactive
D. Serial
76. Which process control technique does not have as its objective the reduction of variability in a
control loop?
A. Cascade
B. Feedforward
C. Decoupling
D. Override
48
DOMAIN 4
77. There is no ISA standard that defines?
A. Logic Diagrams
B. Loop Diagrams
C. Installation Details
D. All of the above
78. The bandwidth of a servo loop is defined as the point where the output amplitude is what
percent of the input amplitude?
A. 50%
B. 70.71%
C. 100%
D. 75%
79. How many parts does the ANSI/ISA-88.01-1995 Batch Control standard have?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 2
D. 3
80. Which viscometer is the standard for testing petroleum products?
A. Capillary-Extrusion
B. Saybolt
C. Coriolis
D. Ford Cup
81. 1oo1D and 1oo2D redundancy and voting systems used for process control typically are wired
to a(n)?
A. Digital Input
B. Analog Output
C. Discrete Input
D. Analog Input
82. For measuring the level of coal in a silo, which is the best level measurement technique?
A. Guided Wave Radar

B. Radar
C. Laser
D. Ultrasonic
49
DOMAIN 4
83. What is the OSHA Limit for whole body radiation exposure per year?
A. 10 rem
B. 5 rem
C. 15 rem
D. 20 rem
84. Which weight scale test involves adding calibrated weights to the center of the four quadrants
of the weighing platform?
A. Forced Restoration Test

B. Combined Error Test
C. Heel Test
D. Eccentric Loading Test
85. What is the function of a homogenizer?
A. Sterilization
B. Dehydration
C. Particle Size Reduction
D. Fluid separation
86. To perform an audit, a typical medium-sized plant with an average amount of control systems,
as a rule, would need how many man-days of onsite auditing activities?
A. 10
B. 5
C. 15
D. 20
87. For thermocouple wire, as the thermocouple wire gets thinner, which statement is true?
A. The error increases

B. The recommended upper temperature limit is reduced
C. The response is slower
D. At high temperatures the accuracy is less sensitive to material quality
88. Minute cracks, not visible to the naked eye, in the glass membrane of a pH probe will cause a
constant reading of:
A. 7 pH
B. 4 pH
C. 14 pH
D. 0 pH
50
DOMAIN 4
89. What is the most common type of air dryer used in industrial plants?
A. Adsorbent
B. Refrigerated
C. Absorbent
90. According to ISA 5.1 standard, which variable modifier is technically not a direct-measured
variable but is used to identify the components of Safety Instrumented Systems?
A. S
B. Y
C. Z
D. X
51
ANSWERS
Study Guide Answers

Domain 1
Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer
1. B 14. D 27. B
2. A 15. A 28. C
3. D 16. D 29. B
4. B 17. C 30. C
5. B 18. D 31. B
6. B 19. B 32. C
7. C 20. C 33. C
8. C 21. A 34. C
9. D 22. A 35. C
10. C 23. D 36. B
11. C 24. C 37. D
12. B 25. C 38. C
13. D 26. C 39. D
Domain 2
1. B 9. C 17. D
2. C 10. D 18. D
3. A 11. B 19. B
4. C 12. C 20. B
5. C 13. A 21. D
6. D 14. C 22. D
7. A 15. D 23. D
8. A 16. D 24. B
25. B
52
ANSWERS
Domain 3
1. C 6. D 11. B
2. B 7. A 12. C
3. C 8. A 13. C
4. D 9. D 14. C
5. B 10. C 15. C
Domain 4
1. D 21. B 41. B
2. A 22. A 42. D
3. C 23. D 43. B
4. B 24. D 44. A
5. B 25. B 45. D
6. C 26. D 46. D
7. D 27. B 47. A
8. B 28. C 48. D
9. C 29. C 49. C
10. B 30. D 50. B
11. D 31. D 51. D
12. B 32. A 52. C
13. D 33. D 53. B
14. C 34. B 54. C
15. B 35. B 55. C
16. C 36. C 56. D
17. B 37. D 57. C
18. B 38. A 58. D
19. C 39. B 59. C
20. B 40. D 60. A
53
ANSWERS

61. D 72. C 83. B
62. B 73. C 84. D
63. D 74. C 85. C
64. D 75. A 86. A
65. B 76. D 87. B
66. C 77. C 88. A
67. D 78. B 89. A
68. D 79. A 90. C
69. B 80. B
70. C 81. D
71. B 82. C
54
CCST Resources
ISA Resources for the Certified Control Systems Technician® (CCST®)
Program
Formulas, Conversions, and Guidelines
APPLICATION OF OHM’S LAW
AMPS OHMS VOLTS WATTS

I Ω E P
P/E E/I P/I E2 / R
E/R E2 / P RXI I2 X R
√𝑷/𝑹 P / I2 √𝑷𝒙𝑹 EXI
I = CURRENT = AMPS
E = ENERGY = VOLTS
R = RESISTANCE = OHMS
P = POWER = WATTS
Multiples and Submultiples of SI Units

55
CCST Resources
Prefix Symbol Multiplying Factor
exa E 1018 1 000 000 000 000 000 000
peta P 1015 1 000 000 000 000 000
tera T 1012 1 000 000 000 000
giga G 109 1 000 000 000
mega M 106 1 000 000
kilo k 103 1 000
hecto* h 102 100
deca* da 10 10
deci* d 10-1 0.1
centi c 10-2 0.01
milli m 10-3 0.001
micro u 10-6 0.000 001
nano n 10-9 0.000 000 001
pico p 10-12 0.000 000 000 001
femto f 10-15 0.000 000 000 000 001
atto a 10-18 0.000 000 000 000 000 001
Common Conversions
1 foot of water equals .433 PSI
1 PSI equals 27.7 InH20
1 Atmosphere equals 14.7 PSI
1 cubic foot of water equals 7.481 pounds
1 gallon of water weighs 8.336 lbs.
Temperature Conversion:
º Celsius = (º Fahrenheit - 32) / 1.8
º Fahrenheit = (ºCelsius X 1.8) + 32
ELECTRICALLY CLASSIFIED AREAS
Note: In 1996, the NFPA incorporated the zone classification system similar to the IEC Zone system into the
NEC. The two tables below are just a summary of the complete code published by NFPA and IEC.
56
CCST Resources
IEC 60079 (International Electrotechnical Commission) Hazardous Areas
Gas and Vapors ( NEC Class One)
Zone 0 flammable atmosphere highly likely to be
present - may be present for long periods or
even continuously
Zone 1 flammable atmosphere possible but unlikely
to be present for long periods
Zone 2 flammable atmosphere unlikely to be
present except for short periods of time -
typically as a result of a process fault
condition
Dusts ( NEC Class Two)
Zone 20 dust cloud likely to be present continuously
or for long periods
Zone 21 dust cloud likely to be present occasionally
in normal operation
Zone 22 dust cloud unlikely to occur in normal
operation, but if it does, will only exist for a
short period
North American NFPA Summary of Class I, II, III Hazardous Locations

Classes Groups Divisions
1 2
I Gases, A: Acetylene Normally explosive Not normally present in
Vapors, B: Hydrogen, etc. and hazardous an explosive
Liquids C: Ether,etc. concentration (but may
Art.501 D: Hydrocarbons,fuels, actually exist)
solvents, etc.
II Dusts E: Metal Dust Ignitable quantities of Dust not normally
Art.502 (Conductive and dust normally are or suspended in an ignitable
explosive) may be in suspension, concentration (but may
F: Carbon Dust ( some or conductive dust accidentally exist). Dust
are conductive, and all may be present layers are present.
are explosive)
G: Flour, starch, grain,
combustible plastic or
chemical dust (explosive)
Textiles, wood-working, Handled or used in Stored or handled in

III
etc. (easily ignitable, but manufacturing storage (exclusive of
Fibers /
not likely to be explosive) manufacturing)
flyings
Art.503
57
CCST Resources
International Standards Organization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection
Reference Model (OSI)
Layer 7 is usually the communications program or the portion of program code that invokes communications between
programs, devices, and networks
Layer 6 ensures that the communication language is the same between communicating programs (below Layer 6) and
converts the communications system language into the one used by the host (think 16 bit machine communicating over a
network to a 64 bit machine) the communications language may very well be based on octets or groups of octets
Layer 5 is generally part of the operating system (in practice – but not in true OSI compliant systems) and is part of the
multitasking that is essential to communications
Layer 4 ensures (if you use TCP) a reliable (meaning packet control and accounting), or you may use a User Datagram
(UDP) for transmission by best effort only
Layer 3 an addressing scheme (dependent upon protocol) so traffic may be routed to different networks (or subnetworks)
Layer 2 performs bit error detection (and correction), frames the data into packet data units, and addresses all devices on
the same network
Layer 1 places data on, and removes data from the physical network
Basic layering of corporate through Instrument networks
58
CCST Resources
IEC/ISA 62443 (formerly ISA99)
Countermeasures and Architecture Practices from ISA 62443

Countermeasure and Architecture practices High-risk IACS Medium-risk IACS Low-risk IACS
59
CCST Resources
Two-factor authentication to control access to the Required Required Optional
device
Hardening of the operating system Required Recommended Optional
Employ network segmentation Required Required Optional
Employ antivirus application Required Required Required
Use of WLAN Not Allowed Not Allowed Allowed
Strong password authentication at the application Required Recommended Recommended

level
Other countermeasures, etc. Etc. Etc. Etc.
60
CCST Resources
ETHERNET Family Tree
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora, Berufsakademie Lörrach Steinbeis-Transfer Center for Embedded Design and Networking
Industrial (some) Communications Protocols
Features
Organization
Target Market
Publish Real Obj
Time
TCP/IP IETF    Internet
Modbus/TCP Schneider    Legacy PLCs
IDA IDA    Motion Control
HSE Fieldbus    Process Control
EtherNetIP ControlNet International    Discrete Manufacturing
ProfiNet PNO/PTO    Discrete Manufacturing
EPRI/IEEE/IEC  Substation Automation and

UCA.2  
SCADA applications
61
CCST Resources
Project Management Phases
Hierarchical Levels of Business Operations: MES usually at Level 3
Level 4
Business Planning & Logistics
Plant Production Scheduling,
Interface addressed
Level 3 in the ISA-95.01 and ISA-95.02

Manufacturing standards
Operations & Control
Area addressed
in the ISA-95.03
Level 2 standard
Batch Continuous Discrete Interface area addressed by
Level 1 Control Control Control OPC and Fieldbus
communications
62
CCST Resources
LOGIC TRUTH TABLES
LOGIC AND OR XOR NEGATE
Sourcing and Sinking PLC In/Outputs
63
CCST Resources
S
W
+ V+
1i
+
D Zi
D V
S
V DV
Z - I n
- I in
W
M
i 1
COM
CO
M
Sinking Input Sourcing Input
Sinking Output Sourcing Output

SWIT
CH
V
V
+
DO +
i
i
SWIT LOAD
DO LOA
V-
CH V- D
COM
COM
64
CCST Resources
Maintenance Management Model
a a a a a a a a
a
a a
a a a a
s a k
a a a a
s a a a ss
a a a a
aa
a a
Equipment specific
Maintenance Maintenance Equipment
maintenance procedures
a a 2 s
65
CCST Resources
Project Cost Curve
C s Va a = EV AC
S Va a = EV PV
C s P a I = EV / AC
S P a I =
EV / PV
100
90
80
70
$
60
50
40 SV
CV
30
20
10
Current time
66
CCST Resources
ISA Standards (from www.isa.org/standards) note: standard description summaries have been
truncated for the sake of brevity. Check the ISA web site for full description. These are just the standards listed
under Process and Electrical Safety
ANSI/ISA-12.00.02-2009 - Certificate Standard for AEx Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) Locations
This standard defines minimum elements and format for certificates for AEx equipment to align with those for
the IECEx Certificate of Conformity.
ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-2009 - Definitions and Information Pertaining to Electrical Equipment in Hazardous

(Classified) Locations
This document provides definitions and information pertaining to protection techniques, terminology, and the
installation of electrical equipment in hazardous locations.
ISA-TR12.2-1995 - Intrinsically Safe System Assessment Using the Entity Concept
Provides information and examples for assessing intrinsic safety of a wide variety of control loops using the
control drawings and the entity concept.
ISA-RP12.2.02-1996 - Recommendations for the Preparation, Content, and Organization of Intrinsic

Safety Control Drawings
Provides guidance in the preparation of control drawings for intrinsically safe apparatus, associated apparatus,
and intrinsically safe systems.
ANSI/ISA-12.04.04-2012 - Pressurized Enclosures
This standard applies to equipment made suitable for use in hazardous (classified) locations by pressurizing the
use of a pressurizing system.
ANSI/ISA-RP12.06.01-2003 - Recommended Practice for Wiring Methods for

Hazardous (Classified) Locations Instrumentation Part 1: Intrinsic Safety
This recommended practice is intended to promote the uniform installation of intrinsically safe systems
for hazardous (classified) locations.
ISA-12.10-1988 - Area Classification in Hazardous (Classified) Dust Locations
Scope: This standard refers only to combustible mixtures created by dusts —

such as agricultural, carbonaceous, plastic, chemical, and metal dusts.
67
CCST Resources
ANSI/ISA-12.12.01-2012 - Nonincendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class

I and II, Division 2 and Class III, Divisions 1 and 2 Hazardous (Classified)
Locations
This standard provides minimum requirements for the design, construction, and
marking of electrical equipment or parts of such equipment for use in Classified
locations.
ANSI/ISA-12.12.03-2011 - Standard for Portable Electronic Products Suitable

for Use in Class I and II, Division 2, Class I Zone 2 and Class III, Division 1
and 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations
This standard provides guidance for the use of selected general-purpose portable
electronic products in certain hazardous (classified) locations.
ANSI/ISA-TR12.12.04-2011 - Electrical Equipment in a Class I, Division

2/Zone 2 Hazardous Location
A location in which the fire or explosion hazard exists infrequently and for short
periods is designated as a Division 2 or Zone 2 location.
ANSI/ISA-TR12.13.01-1999 (R2010) - Flammability Characteristics of

Combustible Gases and Vapors
Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors is reprinted in

its entirety by permission of the publisher, the Bureau of Mines.
ANSI/ISA-12.13.01-2002 - Performance Requirements for Combustible Gas

Detectors
ANSI/ISA-TR12.13.02-1999 (R2010) - Investigation of Fire and Explosion

Accidents in the Chemical, Mining, and Fuel-Related Industries
Investigation of Fire and Explosion Accidents in the Chemical, Mining, and

Fuel-Related Industries - A Manual, by Kuchta, 1985, is hereby reprised.
68
CCST Resources
ANSI/ISA-TR12.13.03-2009 - Guide for Combustible Gas Detection as a
Method of Protection
Combustible gas detection used for process safety management may also be
used to provide protection from explosion or fires by minimizing the
possibilities
ANSI/ISA-12.13.04-2007 - Performance Requirements for Open Path

Combustible Gas Detectors
This standard provides minimum requirements for fixed and transportable open
path gas detection apparatus.
ANSI/ISA-12.20.01-2009 - General Requirements for Electrical Ignition

Systems for Internal Combustion Engines in Class I, Division 2 or Zone 2,
Hazardous (Classified) Locations
This standard is intended to enhance the safety of personnel by providing

minimum requirements for electrical ignition systems for spark-ignited
reciprocating engines.
ANSI/ISA-TR12.21.01-2004 - Use of Fiber Optic Systems in Class I Hazardous

(Classified) Locations
This Technical Report provides guidance on the safe use of fiber optic systems
and their constituent parts producing or guiding visible, near infrared energy.
ISA-TR12.24.01-1998 - (IEC 60079-10 Mod) - Recommended Practice for

Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations Classified as Class I,
Zone 0, Zone 1, or Zone 2
ANSI/ISA-12.27.01-2011 - Requirements for Process Sealing Between

Electrical Systems and Flammable or Combustible Process Fluids
This document provides specific requirements for process sealing between

electrical systems and flammable or combustible process fluids where a failure
could lead to hazardous conditions.
ISA-TR84.00.04-2011, Part 1 - Guideline for the Implementation of ANSI/ISA-

84.00.01-2004 (IEC 61511)
69
CCST Resources
ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996 has been retired and replaced with ANSI/ISA-84.00.01-2004 Parts 1-3 (IEC 61511
Mod).
ISA-TR84.00.04-2005 Part 2 - Part 2: Example Implementation of ANSI/ISA-

84.00.01-2004 (IEC 61511 Mod)
This technical report is intended to be used in conjunction with ISA-TR84.00.04-2005 Part 1 to provide an
example that illustrates how to apply ANSI/ISA-84,00.01.
ISA-TR84.00.05-2009 - Guidance on the Identification of Safety Instrumented

Functions (SIF) in Burner Management Systems (BMS)
ISA-TR84.00.05 is intended to: identify and classify SIFs within typical FMSs for typical operating
modes of fired equipment .
ISA-TR84.00.06 - Safety Fieldbus Design Considerations for Process Industry

Sector Applications
This technical report: provides guidance on implementing Safety Fieldbus protocols and devices in safety
instrumented systems.
ISA-TR84.00.07-2010 - Guidance on the Evaluation of Fire and Gas System

Effectiveness
This technical report is informative and does not contain any mandatory requirements.
ANSI/ISA-84.91.01-2012 - Identification and Mechanical Integrity of Safety

Controls, Alarms, and Interlocks in the Process Industry
This standard addresses the instruments that are classified as process safety safeguards by the authority
having jurisdiction (typically the owner/operators).
ANSI/ISA-88.00.01-2010 - Batch Control Part 1: Models and Terminology
This Part 1 standard on Batch Control defines reference models for batch and related procedure-oriented
manufacturing as used in the process industries.
70
CCST Resources
ISA-TR88.00.02-2008 - Machine and Unit States: An Implementation Example
$88.00 $99.00 $110.00
of ISA-88
The ISA88 committee has defined a batch standard series that provides terminology and a consistent set of
concepts and models for batch manufacturing.
ANSI/ISA-88.00.03-2003 - Batch Control Part 3: General and Site Recipe

Models and Representation
This Part 3 standard on Batch Control defines a model for general and site recipes; the activities that
describe the use of general and site recipes w... more
ANSI/ISA-88.00.04-2006 - Batch Control Part 4: Batch Production Records
This Part 4 standard defines a reference model for batch production records containing information about
production of batches or elements of batch processing.
ISA-TR91.00.02-2003 - Criticality Classification Guideline for Instrumentation
This guideline is developed to assist engineering, operations, and maintenance personnel with establishing
the classification of their instrumentation.
ISA-RP92.06.02-1999 - Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Chlorine

Detection Instruments (0.5-30 ppm - Full Scale)
This recommended practice establishes user criteria for the installation, operation, and maintenance of
chlorine gas-detection instruments.
ANSI/ISA-95.00.01-2010 (IEC 62264-1 Mod) - Enterprise-Control System

Integration - Part 1: Models and Terminology
ANSI/ISA-95.00.02-2010 (IEC 62264-2 Mod) - Enterprise-Control System

Integration - Part 2: Object Model Attributes
71
CCST Resources
ANSI/ISA-95.00.04-2012 - Enterprise-Control System Integration - Part 4:

Objects and attributes for manufacturing operations management integration
This ISA-95 Part 4 standard, in conjunction with ANSI/ISA-95.00.03-2005, Enterprise-Control System

Integration–Part 3: Activity Models of Manufacturing Operations/Integration
ANSI/ISA-62381-2011 (IEC 62381 Modified) - Automation Systems in the

Process Industry - Factory Acceptance Test (FAT), Site Acceptance Test (SAT),
and Site Integration Test (SIT
ANSI/ISA-62382-2012 (IEC 62382 Modified) - Automation Systems in the

Process Industry - Electrical and Instrumentation Loop Check
ANSI/ISA-18.2-2009 - Management of Alarm Systems for the Process Industries
This standard addresses the development, design, installation, and management of alarm systems in the process
industries.
ISA-TR75.04.01-1998 (R2006) - Control Valve Position Stability
This document discusses control valve stem position mechanical stability and establishes a measurement
criterion for position instability of the valve.
ISA-82.03-1988 - Safety Standard for Electrical and Electronic Test, Measuring, Controlling, and Related
Equipment
Scope: This standard applies to electrical, electronic (analog/digital) and electromechanical process
measurement and control equipment .
ANSI/ISA-92.00.01-2010 - Performance Requirements for Toxic Gas Detectors
This standard provides minimum requirements for the construction, performance, and testing of portable,
transportable, mobile, and stationary electrical toxic gas detectors.
72
CCST Resources
ISA-RP92.0.02, Part II-1998 (R2013) - Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Toxic Gas-Detection
Instruments: Hydrogen Sulfide
ISA-RP92.0.02, Part II, establishes user criteria for the installation, operation, and maintenance of toxic gas
detection instruments.
ISA-RP92.02.02, Part II-1998 (R2013) - Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Carbon Monoxide
Detection Instruments (50-1000 ppm Full Scale)
ISA-RP92.02.02, Part II establishes user criteria for the installation, operation, and maintenance of carbon
monoxide gas detection instruments.
ISA-RP92.03.02-1999 (R2013) - Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Ammonia Detection

Instruments (25-500 ppm Full Scale)
ISA-RP92.03.02 establishes user criteria for the installation, operation, and maintenance of ammonia gas-
detection instruments.
ANSI/ISA-92.04.01, Part I-2007 (R2013) - Performance Requirements for Instruments Used To Detect
Oxygen-Deficient/Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
This standard addresses the details of construction, performance, and testing of portable, mobile, and stationary
electrical instruments used to provide detection of oxygen-deficient and oxygen enriched atmospheres.
ISA-RP92.04.02, Part II-1996 (R2013) - Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Instruments Used to
Detect Oxygen-Deficient/Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
ISA-RP92.04.02 establishes user criteria for the installation, operation, and maintenance of instruments used to
detect oxygen-deficient/oxygen-enriched atmospheres.
ANSI/ISA-TR92.06.03-2008 (R2013) - Feasibility of Chlorine Detection Instrument Testing
This report has been written to provide support to the work of the ISA92.06 Subcommittee responsible for
drafting a performance standard for chlorine detection instruments.
ISA-TR98.00.02-2006 - Skill Standards for Control System Technicians
This document is intended to supply a general list of work-oriented functions, activities, tasks and duties that
an instrument, instrument/electrical, control system technicians perform.
73
CCST Resources
IEC 62443/ANSI/ISA-99.00.01 - Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems Part 1:
Terminology, Concepts, and Models
This is the first in a series of ISA standards that addresses the subject of security for industrial automation and
control systems.
IEC 62443/ANSI/ISA-99.02 - Security for Industrial Automation and Control Systems: Establishing an
Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security Program
This standard is part of a multipart series that addresses the issue of security for industrial automation and
control systems.
ANSI/ISA-60079-0 (12.00.01)-2009 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General Requirements
ANSI/ISA-60079-1 (12.22.01)-2009 - Explosive Atmospheres - Part 1: Equipment Protection by

Flameproof Enclosures "d"
ANSI/ISA-60079-11 (12.02.01)-2012 - Explosive Atmospheres - Part 11: Equipment protection by

intrinsic safety "i" (6th Edition)
ANSI/ISA-60079-15 (12.12.02)-2012 - Explosive Atmospheres - Part 15: Equipment protection by type of

protection "n" (Edition 4)
ANSI/ISA-60079-18 (12.23.01)-2012 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 18: Equipment protection by

encapsulation "m"
ANSI/ISA-60079-2 (12.04.01)-2010 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 2: Equipment protection by

pressurized enclosures "p"
74
CCST Resources
ANSI/ISA-60079-25 (12.02.05)-2011 - Explosive Atmospheres - Part 25: Intrinsically safe electrical
systems
ANSI/ISA-60079-26 (12.00.03)-2011 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 26: Equipment for Use in Class I,
Zone 0 Hazardous (Classified) Locations
ANSI/ISA-60079-28 (12.21.02)-2012 - Explosive Atmospheres - Part 28: Protection of equipment and

transmission systems using optical radiation
ANSI/ISA-60079-29-2 (12.13.02)-2012 - Explosive Atmospheres - Part 29-2: Gas detectors - Selection,

installation, use and maintenance of detectors for flammable gases and oxygen
ANSI/ISA-60079-31 (12.10.03)-2009 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 31: Equipment dust ignition

protection by enclosure "t"
ANSI/ISA-60079-5 (12.00.04)-2009 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 5: Equipment Protection by Powder

Filling "q"
ANSI/ISA-60079-6 (12.00.05)-2009 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 6: Equipment Protection by Oil

Immersion "o"
ANSI/ISA-60079-7 (12.16.01)-2008 - Explosive Atmospheres - Part 7: Equipment protection by increased

safety "e"
ANSI/ISA-60079-27 (12.02.04)-2006 - Fieldbus intrinsically safe concept (FISCO) and Fieldbus non-
incendive concept (FNICO)
75
CCST Resources
ANSI/ISA-61010-031 (82.02.02)-2007 - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use - Part 031: Safety requirements for hand-held probe assemblies for electrical
measurement and test.
ANSI/ISA-61010-1 (82.02.01)-2012 - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,

Control, and Laboratory Use - Part 1: General Requirements
ANSI/ISA-61010-2-030 (82.02.03)-2012 - Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for

Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use - Part 2-030: Particular Requirements for Testing and
Measuring Circuits
ANSI/ISA-61241-10 (12.10.05)-2004 - Electrical Apparatus for Use in Zone 20, Zone 21 and Zone 22
Hazardous (Classified) Locations - Classification of Zone 20, Zone 21 and Zone 22 Hazardous (Classified)
Locations
ANSI/ISA-61241-11 (12.10.04)-2006 (R2011) - Electrical Apparatus for Use in Zone 20, Zone 21 and
Zone 22 Hazardous (Classified) Locations - Protection by Intrinsic Safety "iD"
ANSI/ISA-61241-18 (12.10.07)-2006 (R2011) - Electrical Apparatus for Use in Zone 20, Zone 21 and
Zone 22 Hazardous (Classified) Locations - Protection by Intrinsic Safety "mD"
ANSI/ISA-61241-0 (12.10.02)-2006 (R2011) - Electrical Apparatus for Use in Zone 20, Zone 21, and
Zone 22 Hazardous (Classified) Locations - General Requirements
ANSI/ISA-61241-1 (12.10.03)-2006 (R2011) - Electrical Apparatus for Use in Zone 21 and Zone 22
Hazardous (Classified) Locations - Protection by Enclosures "tD"
76
CCST Resources
ANSI/ISA-61241-2 (12.10.06)-2006 (R2011) - Electrical Apparatus for Use in Zone 21 and Zone 22
Hazardous (Classified) Locations - Protection by Pressurization "pD"
OTHER APPROPRIATE STANDARDS:

IT
ISO/IEC 27002:2005- Information technology — Code of practice for information security
management
Electrical Sector
IEEE “Standard 1402-2000: IEEE Guide for Electric Power Substation Physical and Electronic
Security”, 2000
NERC CIP-002-009 Cyber Security Standards
http://www.nerc.com/%7Efilez/standards/Cyber-Security-Permanent.html
Oil and Gas Sector,
API Standard 1164 - SCADA Security, American Petroleum Institute, September 2004
Chemical Sector
Guidance for Addressing Cyber Security in the Chemical Sector, Chemical Sector Cyber
Security Program
Fire/Electrical/Process Safety
20 CFR 1910.119 Process Safety (OSHA)
NFPA-70 National Electric Code (NEC)
NFPA -70A National Electric Code for One and Two Family Dwellings
NFPA -70B Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance
NFPA -70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
Quality
ISO 9000 Fundamentals of quality management systems, including the eight management
principles
ISO 9001 Requirements for organizations to meet the ISO 9000 standard
77
CCST Resources
OSHA 1910.119 App A List of Hazardous Materials
• Part Number: 1910

• Part Title: Occupational Safety and Health Standards
• Subpart: H
• Subpart Title: Hazardous Materials
• Standard Number: 1910.119 App A
• Title: List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics and Reactives (Mandatory).
This Appendix contains a listing of toxic and reactive highly hazardous chemicals which present a potential for a
catastrophic event at or above the threshold quantity.
____________________________________________________________
| |
CHEMICAL NAME | CAS* | TQ**
________________________________|____________|______________
| |
Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 2500
Acrolein (2-Popenal) | 107-02-8 | 150
Acrylyl Chlorde | 814-68-6 | 250
Allyl Chlorid | 107-05-1 | 1000
Allylamine | 107-11-9 | 1000
Alkylaluminum | Varies | 5000
Ammonia, Anhydrous | 7664-41-7 | 10000
Ammonia solutions (greater | |
than 44% ammonia by weight) | 7664-41-7 | 15000
Ammonium Perchlorate | 7790-98-9 | 7500
Ammonium Permanganate | 7787-36-2 | 7500
Arsine (also called | |
Arsenic Hydride) | 7784-42-1 | 100
Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether | 542-88-1 | 100
Boron Trichloride | 10294-34-5 | 2500
Boron Trifluoride | 7637-07-2 | 250
Bromine | 7726-95-6 | 1500
Bromine Chloride | 13863-41-7 | 1500
Bromine Pentafluoride | 7789-30-2 | 2500
Bromine Trifluoride | 7787-71-5 | 15000
3-Bromopropyne (also | |
called Propargyl Bromide) | 106-96-7 | 100
Butyl Hydroperoxide | |
(Tertiary) | 75-91-2 | 5000
Butyl Perbenzoate | |
(Tertiary) | 614-45-9 | 7500
Carbonyl Chloride | |
(see Phosgene) | 75-44-5 | 100
Carbonyl Fluoride | 353-50-4 | 2500
Cellulose Nitrate (concentration| |
greater than 12.6% nitrogen | 9004-70-0 | 2500
Chlorine | 7782-50-5 | 1500
Chlorine Dioxide | 10049-04-4 | 1000
Chlorine Pentrafluoride | 13637-63-3 | 1000
Chlorine Trifluoride | 7790-91-2 | 1000
Chlorodiethylaluminum | |
78
CCST Resources
(also called | |
Diethylaluminum Chloride) | 96-10-6 | 5000
1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene | 97-00-7 | 5000
Chloromethyl Methyl Ether | 107-30-2 | 500
Chloropicrin | 76-06-2 | 500
Chloropicrin and Methyl | |
Bromide mixture | None | 1500
Chloropicrin and Methyl | |
Chloride mixture | None | 1500
Cumene Hydroperoxide | 80-15-9 | 5000
Cyanogen | 460-19-5 | 2500
Cyanogen Chloride | 506-77-4 | 500
Cyanuric Fluoride | 675-14-9 | 100
Diacetyl Peroxide | |
(concentration greater | |
than 70%) | 110-22-5 | 5000
Diazomethane | 334-88-3 | 500
Dibenzoyl Peroxide | 94-36-0 | 7500
Diborane | 19287-45-7 | 100
Dibutyl Peroxide | |
(Tertiary) | 110-05-4 | 5000
Dichloro Acetylene | 7572-29-4 | 250
Dichlorosilane | 4109-96-0 | 2500
Diethylzinc | 557-20-0 | 10000
Diisopropyl Peroxydicarbonate | 105-64-6 | 7500
Dilauroyl Peroxide | 105-74-8 | 7500
Dimethyldichlorosilane | 75-78-5 | 1000
Dimethylhydrazine, 1,1- | 57-14-7 | 1000
Dimethylamine, Anhydrous | 124-40-3 | 2500
2,4-Dinitroaniline | 97-02-9 | 5000
Ethyl Methyl Ketone Peroxide | |
(also Methyl Ethyl Ketone | |
Peroxide; concentration | |
greater than 60%) | 1338-23-4 | 5000
Ethyl Nitrite | 109-95-5 | 5000
Ethylamine | 75-04-7 | 7500
Ethylene Fluorohydrin | 371-62-0 | 100
Ethylene Oxide | 75-21-8 | 5000
Ethyleneimine | 151-56-4 | 1000
Fluorine | 7782-41-4 | 1000
Formaldehyde (Formalin) | 50-00-0 | 1000
Furan | 110-00-9 | 500
Hexafluoroacetone | 684-16-2 | 5000
Hydrochloric Acid, Anhydrous | 7647-01-0 | 5000
Hydrofluoric Acid, Anhydrous | 7664-39-3 | 1000
Hydrogen Bromide | 10035-10-6 | 5000
Hydrogen Chloride | 7647-01-0 | 5000
Hydrogen Cyanide, Anhydrous | 74-90-8 | 1000
Hydrogen Fluoride | 7664-39-3 | 1000
Hydrogen Peroxide (52% by | |
weight or greater) | 7722-84-1 | 7500
Hydrogen Selenide | 7783-07-5 | 150
Hydrogen Sulfide | 7783-06-4 | 1500
Hydroxylamine | 7803-49-8 | 2500
Iron, Pentacarbonyl | 13463-40-6 | 250
Isopropylamine | 75-31-0 | 5000
Ketene | 463-51-4 | 100
79
CCST Resources
Methacrylaldehyde | 78-85-3 | 1000
Methacryloyl Chloride | 920-46-7 | 150
Methacryloyloxyethyl Isocyanate | 30674-80-7 | 100
Methyl Acrylonitrile | 126-98-7 | 250
Methylamine, Anhydrous | 74-89-5 | 1000
Methyl Bromide | 74-83-9 | 2500
Methyl Chloride | 74-87-3 | 15000
Methyl Chloroformate | 79-22-1 | 500
Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide | |
(concentration greater | |
than 60%) | 1338-23-4 | 5000
Methyl Fluoroacetate | 453-18-9 | 100
Methyl Fluorosulfate | 421-20-5 | 100
Methyl Hydrazine | 60-34-4 | 100
Methyl Iodide | 74-88-4 | 7500
Methyl Isocyanate | 624-83-9 | 250
Methyl Mercaptan | 74-93-1 | 5000
Methyl Vinyl Ketone | 79-84-4 | 100
Methyltrichlorosilane | 75-79-6 | 500
Nickel Carbonly (Nickel | |
Tetracarbonyl) | 13463-39-3 | 150
Nitric Acid (94.5% by | |
weight or greater) | 7697-37-2 | 500
Nitric Oxide | 10102-43-9 | 250
Nitroaniline (para | |
Nitroaniline | 100-01-6 | 5000
Nitromethane | 75-52-5 | 2500
Nitrogen Dioxide | 10102-44-0 | 250
Nitrogen Oxides (NO; NO(2); | |
N2O4; N2O3) | 10102-44-0 | 250
Nitrogen Tetroxide (also | |
called Nitrogen Peroxide) | 10544-72-6 | 250
Nitrogen Trifluoride | 7783-54-2 | 5000
Nitrogen Trioxide | 10544-73-7 | 250
Oleum (65% to 80% by weight; | |
also called Fuming Sulfuric | |
Acid) | 8014-95-7 | 1000
Osmium Tetroxide | 20816-12-0 | 100
Oxygen Difluoride (Fluorine | |
Monoxide) | 7783-41-7 | 100
Ozone | 10028-15-6 | 100
Pentaborane | 19624-22-7 | 100
Peracetic Acid (concentration | |
greater 60% Acetic Acid; also | |
called Peroxyacetic Acid) | 79-21-0 | 1000
Perchloric Acid (concentration | |
greater than 60% by weight) | 7601-90-3 | 5000
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan | 594-42-3 | 150
Perchloryl Fluoride | 7616-94-6 | 5000
Peroxyacetic Acid (concentration| |
greater than 60% Acetic Acid; | |
also called Peracetic Acid) | 79-21-0 | 1000
Phosgene (also called Carbonyl | 75-44-5 | 100
Chloride) | |
Phosphine (Hydrogen | |
Phosphide) | 7803-51-2 | 100
Phosphorus Oxychloride (also | |
80
CCST Resources
called Phosphoryl Chloride) | 10025-87-3 | 1000
Phosphorus Trichloride | 7719-12-2 | 1000
Phosphoryl Chloride (also called| |
Phosphorus Oxychloride) | 10025-87-3 | 1000
Propargyl Bromide | 106-96-7 | 100
Propyl Nitrate | 627-3-4 | 2500
Sarin | 107-44-8 | 100
Selenium Hexafluoride | 7783-79-1 | 1000
Stibine (Antimony Hydride) | 7803-52-3 | 500
Sulfur Dioxide (liquid) | 7446-09-5 | 1000
Sulfur Pentafluoride | 5714-22-7 | 250
Sulfur Tetrafluoride | 7783-60-0 | 250
Sulfur Trioxide (also called | |
Sulfuric Anhydride) | 7446-11-9 | 1000
Sulfuric Anhydride (also | |
called Sulfur Trioxide) | 7446-11-9 | 1000
Tellurium Hexafluoride | 7783-80-4 | 250
Tetrafluoroethylene | 116-14-3 | 5000
Tetrafluorohydrazine | 10036-47-2 | 5000
Tetramethyl Lead | 75-74-1 | 1000
Thionyl Chloride | 7719-09-7 | 250
Trichloro (chloromethyl) | |
Silane | 1558-25-4 | 100
Trichloro (dichlorophenyl) | |
Silane | 27137-85-5 | 2500
Trichlorosilane | 10025-78-2 | 5000
Trifluorochloroethylene | 79-38-9 | 10000
Trimethyoxysilane | 2487-90-3 | 1500
________________________________|____________|_____________
Footnote* Chemical Abstract Service Number
Footnote** Threshold Quantity in Pounds (Amount necessary to be
covered by this standard.)
[57 FR 7847, Mar. 4, 1992; 76 FR 80738, Dec. 27, 2011]
81
CCST Resources
Level One Resources

Books and Publications
Automation, Systems, and Instrumentation Dictionary Fourth Edition
Basic Electricity and Electronics for Control
Basic Math for Process Control
Calibration: A Technician's Guide
CFR 29.1910-OSHA
Electrical Instruments in Hazardous Locations
Fundamentals of Industrial Control Second Edition
Fundamentals of Process Control Theory, Third Edition
Control System Power and Grounding Better Practice
Industrial Flow Measurement Third Edition
Industrial Pressure, Level, an Density, Second Edition
Instrument and Control Systems Documentation, Second Edition
Instrument Engineers Handbook/Process Software and Digital Networks
ISA Handbook of Measurement Equations and Tables, Second Edition
Loop Checking: A Technicians Guide
Maintenance of Instruments & Systems, Second Edition
Measurement and Control Basics, Fourth Edition
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
NFPA 70E Handbook for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
OSHA and EPA Process Safety Management Requirements: A Practical Guide for Compliance
Preventative Maintenance Third Edition
Start-Up A Technician's Guide
Troubleshooting : A Technician's Guide Second Edition
Tuning of Industrial Control Systems
Standards
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 Instrument Symbols and Identification
ANSI/ISA-5.4-1991 Instrument Loop Diagrams
ANSI/ISA-7.0.01-1996 Quality Standard for Instrument Air
82
CCST Resources
DVDs
Automatic Process Control Series
Basic Automatic Process Control
Advanced Process Control
Digital Control Techniques
Boiler Control Series
Introduction to Boilers - An Overview
Boiler Design and Construction
Boiler Feedwater and Steam-Controlling for Safety and Efficiency
Boiler Operations
Control Valves and Actuators Series
Introduction to Control Valves
Selection and Sizing of Valves and Actuators
Electronic Maintenance Series
Solid State Devices
Integrated Circuits and Op Amps
Sensor and Transducer Principles
Transmitters
Transducers
Controllers, Indicators, and Recorders
Tuning
Sampling Systems and Gas Chromatograph Valves
Gas Chromatograph Ovens and Controllers
Spectroscopic Analyzers
Electrochemical Analyzers
Instrument Loop Troubleshooting
Industrial Maintenance Series
Temperature
Pressure
Level
Flow
Instrumentation Basics Series
Feedback Control
Process Control Modes
Process Characteristics
Process Variables
Instrumentation Symbols
Instrument Loop Diagrams
Process and Instrumentation Diagrams,
Mechanical Connections
Electrical Connections
Primary Calibration Standards
Pneumatic Test Equipment
Electronic Test Equipment
Oscilloscopes , Instrumentation Errors
Instrumentation Calibration
Instrumentation Calibration Series
Principles of Calibration
Calibrating Pressure and Temperature Instruments
Calibrating Flow and Level Instruments
83
CCST Resources
ISA Membership Benefits
ISA's Value Proposition to Members - ISA provides its members with unparalleled access to technical information, professional development
resources, and opportunities to network with other automation professionals. We encourage all members to take advantage of their many benefits and
privileges, as listed below. Note that some benefits may not apply to certain member grades. Membership in ISA also supports a not-for-profit
organization dedicated to advancement of the state of the art and recognition of the automation profession.
The Latest Technical Information
• Automation Standards - ISA has published more than 150 standards, recommended practices, and technical reports through the dedicated
efforts of a network of industry experts. As an ISA member, you can view ISA standards online, free of charge, for your personal use. Listed IEC
documents are not available for free viewing and cannot be purchased with your Standards Redemption Coupon.
Get the cost of your membership back when you are a full-dues-paying member and would like to download or buy a printed standard. You
may use your Standards Redemption Coupon toward its purchase. This coupon is equal to the dollar amount you paid for your membership
term and is available at purchase check-out in your shopping cart. The coupon value expires at the time the membership year expires
• Free Web Seminars - Enjoy unlimited, free access to a library of over 40 online pre-recorded web seminars covering today’s hottest topics
• Technical Library - You'll have access to unlimited downloads of ISA's library of more than 5,500 technical papers published at ISA
conferences and symposia
• InTech Magazine - Receive a free, qualified subscription to InTech, the premier magazine for automation professionals, and a free
subscription to Automation Weekly enewsletter
• Technical Division Membership - Join a network of automation professionals who share your technical interests. Members get two free
memberships, one from the Automation and Technology Department and one from the Industries and Sciences Department. Additional
memberships cost $10 US each.
• ISA Transactions - Enjoy free online access to current and past articles covering the latest advances in the science and engineering of
measurement and automation

Networking Opportunities
• Local Section Membership - Network with automation professionals in your local area for meetings, training events, and more
• ISA Jobs - List your resume online for free when you’re looking for your next career move
• Rewards for Recruiting Program - YOU are ISA's best source for recruiting new members. Introduce your colleagues to ISA—you’ll
contribute to their career development—and you’ll earn rewards when they join.
Professional Development Resources
• Leadership Opportunities - Develop your leadership skills by participating in ISA’s free online Leadership Development Certificate
Program and by volunteering at section and division events
• Training Discounts - Take advantage of available member discounts on ISA training

• Product Discounts - Enjoy discounts on ISA books, logo items, and more
• Event Registration Discounts - Be sure to claim your member discount when you register for ISA symposia and conferences
84
CCST Resources
• Certification and Licensure - Take pride in supporting the Society that recognizes your profession through professional certification
programs. ISA offers the Certified Automation Professional® (CAP®) and Certified Control Systems Technician® (CCST) programs, and
supports the development of the Control Systems Engineer (CSE) licensure program. Certain member grades receive application fee discount
• Mentoring Program - Connect online with, and learn from, experienced professionals and practitioners; Or offer your expertise as a mentor
Additional ISA Benefits
• ISA Insights - Enjoy the monthly newsletter that spotlights ISA members, offers a message from the Society president, provides a Q&A
section from ISA divisions and sections, and discusses recent ISA events and happenings on a global level. The newsletter also provides updates
on ISA standards, and much more.
• Email Lists - Join open forums for discussions on topics that matter to you, via the ISA LISTSERV
• Email Alias Address - Use a free email alias address that you keep for as long as you are a Member...yourname@member.isa.org
Networking Opportunities
• Conferences, Exhibitions, and Symposia - Come face-to-face with fellow ISA practitioners as you learn, share, and network
• ISA Member Directory - Find other ISA professionals with this online resource
Personal Privileges
• CollegeBoundfundSM - Save for higher education with this 529 college savings plan
• ISA Member Logo - Proudly display your affiliation with ISA by using the ISA member logo on your business card
• GEICO - Get discounted automobile insurance, in US only
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Domain 1 – Calibration, Maintenance,

Domain 2 - Start-up, Commissioning, Loop Check,

Domain 4 – Administration, Supervision, Management……………… 33

CCST Resources ………………………………………………… …….....55

Control Systems Technician Definition

Education and Experience Requirements

Level I – Certified Control Systems Technician

Level II (Specialist) - Certified Control Systems Technician

Domain Level I Average % Level II Average % Level III Average %

Taking the Exam

a) The applicant may be represented by counsel or represent him/herself at the hearing.

III. Final Review

Task 101 2% of Exam

Task 102 2% of Exam

Task 113 2% of Exam

Task 115 2% of Exam

Task 116 3% of Exam

Task 119 3% of Exam

Task 121 4% of Exam

5. What is the conversion accuracy for a 16 Bit A/D converter?

A. +/- 0.024414 % Full Scale

A. Circle inside a square

A. At the bottom process connection

15. Noble metal thermocouples are capable of measuring temperatures up to?

16. Which temperature measurement device is capable of responding to temperature changes up

A. 416 Stainless steel

A. Greater than 5 minutes

38. _______ level sensors will not work in a vacuum?

39. The beam divergence for a laser level transmitter is typically?

Task 0204……….3% of Test

Task 0205………3% of Test

Task 0206………3% of Test

Task 0207………3% of Test

Task 0208………3% of Test

Specify the optimal type of network required by an application.

1. A temperature control loop has the following conditions:

Temperature Transmitter Range = 0 to 350 Degrees C

A. Device reaction time

6. What physical network topology provides fault tolerance?

A. Set pressure including effect of static head and backpressure

A. Inert gas purge

10. Safety integrity levels are selected for each:

A. Process unit or area

A. Coriolis flow meter

A. 10 thousand bits per second and 50 feet

A. Less proportional gain and less integral action

16. What temperature is absolute Zero?

A. 0.00392 Ohms/Degree C, 0.00385 Ohms/Degree C

Fluid: Motor Oil (SG = 0.88)

A. 2 Inches per Foot

22. Which flow element has a discharge coefficient (Cd) of 1.0?

A. Square edge orifice plate

23. A type “W” thermocouple is to be installed in a thermowell to measure process temperatures

A. 446 Stainless Steel

Task 0301 3% of Test

Task 0302 2% of Test

Task 0304 4% of Test

Task 0305 2% of Test

Task 0306 3% of Test