A&G Aumufygj 0 Ifrnf

http://www.7daynewsjournal.
com
twGJ(10)? trSwf(36)
2002 rwf 7 wGif pwifxkwfa0onf
1373 ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfausmf 14 &uf ? Mumoyaw;? (Ekd0ifbm 24 ? 2011)
a':atmifqef;pkMunf
a&G;aumufyGJ0ifrnf
tdjzLvGif
&efukef? Ekd0ifbm- 21
vmrnf h M um;jzwf a &G ; aumuf y G J w G i f
a':atmifqef;pkMunf 0ifa&mufa&G;
cs,fcH&ef pOf;pm;xm;NyDjzpfNyD; ,SOfNydKif
rnfhrJqEe,ftwdtusurkd jl ynfaxmif
pka&G;aumufyaGJ umfr&Siu
f xkwjf yefNy;D
rSom ajymEkdifrnf[k ygwD\ajymcGifh&
yk*dKvf OD;Pf0if;u ajymMum;onf/
jynfe,fESifh wkdif;a'oBuD; A[kd
OD;pD;tzJGU0ifrsm;ESifh vkyfief;tzJGUrsm;
aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwfcsuft& NLD ygwD
rSwfykHwifrnfjzpfNyD; vmrnfhMum;jzwf
a&G;aumufyJGwGif vpfvyfrJqEe,f
tm;vkH; 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifrnfjzpf
aMumif; ygwDacgif;aqmifa':atmif
qef;pkMunfu Ekd0ifbm 18wGif jyKvkyf
aom tpnf ; ta0;tNyD ; ajymMum;
onf/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu NLD
rJtjywfjzifhtEdkif&cJhaom 1990 a&G;
aumufyGJusif;ypOfu udk,fwdkif0if
a&muf,SOfNydKifcJhjcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf
,ckMum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrSm olr\
yxrqkH; a&G;aumufyGJtawGUtBuKH
jzpfvmrnfjzpfonf/
ajymif;vJvkdufaom EkdifiHa&;
ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwifa&; Oya't& t
usOf;uscH&olrsm;udk ygwD0iftjzpfrS
xkwfy,f&ef rvkdawmhjcif;?
pm(12)okdY
tar&dueforw bm;&uftb
dk m;rm;u ESpaf ygif;50ausmu
f mvtwGi;f tar&duefEidk if jH cm;a&;0efBuD;tqihf yxrqk;H
c&D;pOftjzpf [Dvm&Duvifwefudk apvTwrf nfjzpfaMumif; Ek0d ifbm18&ufuajymMum;cJo
h nf/ txufyrHk mS tif'edk ;D
&Sm;EkdifiH bmvDuRef;jyKvkyfusif;yaom tmqD,HxdyfoD;tpnf;ta0;wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf EkdifiHawmf
orwOD;odef;pdefESihf tar&dueforwbm;&uftdkbm;rm;wkdYudk twlawGU&pOf
"mwfykH-attufzfyD
Nidrf;Nidrf;Ekdif
&efukef? Ekd0ifbm - 18
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu tar&duef
orwbm;&uftkdbm;rm;ESihf rdepf 20
cefYMum w,fvDzkef;rSwpfqihf pum;
ajymcJhNyD; ,if;uJhodkYorwtkdbm;rm;
ESihfpum;ajymqkdjcif;rSm yxrqHk;t
Budrfjzpfonf/
Ekd0ifbm 17 &uf aeYv,f 3 em&D
15 rdepf(jrefrmpHawmfcsdef)wGif Mop
aMw;vsrS tif'kdeD;&Sm;EkdifiH bmvDodkY
Air Force One av,mOfjzihf xGufcGm
vmaom orwtkb
d m;rm;u av,mOf
pD;eif;pOf zkef;ac:qkdcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; a':
atmifqef;pkMunfu olr aetdrt
f cef;
twGif;rS vufcHajymqkdcJhjcif;jzpfonf
[k a':atmifqef;pkMunfESihf eD;pyfol
wpfOD;xHrS od&onf/
aeYv,f 3em&D15 rdepfrS 3 em&D 35
rdepfcefYtxd rdepf20tMum w,fvD
zkef;ajymcJhjcif;jzpfonf[k if;u xyf
avmif;ajymMum;onf/
Ekid if t
H wGi;f vuf&dStajymif;tvJ
rsm;ESiyfh wfoufNy;D tjyeftvSeaf jymqkd
aqG;aEG;cJMh uuma':atmifqef;pkMunf
u rdwzf UJG pum;tjzpf orwtkb
d m;rm;
arG;jrLxm;aom acG;av;]bk}d taMumif;
ukyd if ar;jref;cJNh y;D if;wkEYd pS Of ;D \pum;
0kdif;u aEG;axG;&if;ESD;rI&SdchJonf[k tdrf
jzLawmfxw
k jf yefcsuw
f pf&yfwiG f azmfjy
xm;onf/
owif;tnGef;
ponhf ,ckwpfywftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiH\ EkdifiHa&;qkdif&m jzpfay:ajymif;vJrI

rsm;tm; oD;oefYpmrsufESm &SpfrsufESmjzihf wifqufxm;onf/
pm(7)okdY
pm(3)okdY
pm(4)okdY
pm(6)okdY
Home
Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

EkdifiHa&; OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
- EkdifiHawmf wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;?
&yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf
w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;?
- trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nDGwfrIckdifrma&;?
- pnf;urf;jynf0h aom 'Dru
dk a&pDpepf
&Sio
f efcidk rf matmifwnfaqmufa&;?
- zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESihftnD
acwfrDzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufaom
EkdifiHawmfopfwnfaqmufa&;?
pD;yGm;a&; OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
- pkdufysKd;a&;udk ydkrdkzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufatmif
aqmif&GufNyD; acwfrDpufrIEkdifiH
xlaxmifa&;ESihf tjcm;pD;yGm;
a&;u@rsm;udkvnf; bufpHkzGHUNzdK;
wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;?
- aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf
yDjyifpGmjzpfay:vma&;?
- jynfwGif; jynfyrS twwfynmESihf
t&if;tESD;rsm; zdwfac: zGHUNzdK;
wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;?
- EkdifiHawmf\ pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfvHk;udk
zefwD;EkdifrIpGrf;tm;onf EkdifiHawmf
ESihf wkdif;&if;om;jynfolwdkY\
vuf0,fwGif&Sda&;?
vlrIa&; OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yf
- wpfrsKd;om;vHk;\ pdwf"mwfESihf
tusihfpm&dwjrihfrm;a&;?
- trsKd;*kPf Zmwd*kPfjrihfrm;a&;ESihf
,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;? trsKd;
om;a&;vuPmrsm; raysmuf
ysufatmifxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;?
- ppfrSefaom rsKd;cspfpdwf"mwfjzpfonfh
jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwf
&Sifoefxufjrufa&;?
- wpfrsKd;om;vHk; usef;rmBuHhckdifa&;ESihf
ynm&nfjrihfrm;a&;
vTwfawmfESpf&yf oabmxm;uJGcJhaom qkH;jzwfcsuf y,fzsuf

tm;rmef
&efukef?
Ekd0ifbm-19
jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh trsKd;om;
vTwfawmf ESpf&yfwGif oabm
xm;uJ G v J G r I r sm; &S d c J h a om qk H ;
jzwfcsufwpfckudk jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmfem,u OD;cifatmif
jrifu
h Ek0d ifbm 18 &uf usi;f y
cJah om jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0; pwkwaeYwGif
y,fzsufaMumif; qkH;jzwfonf/
atmufwb
kd m 28&uf wGif
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf qkH;
jzwfcJhaom ]]jynfaxmifpk vTwf
awmfu twnfjyKaom (odkYr
[kwf) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
u twnfjyKonf[k rSwf,l&
rnfjzpfaom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk
EkdifiHawmforw vufrSwfa&;
xdk;a&;twGuf ay;ydkYjcif; rjyKrD
Ek d i f i H a wmf z J G U pnf ; yk H tajccH
Oya'ESifh nDnGwfjcif;&Sd? r&Sd oH
o,&Sdaomudprsm; yg0ifygu
,if;Oya'Murf;rsm;udk pdppfEkdif
a&;twGuf EkdifiHawmfzJGUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'qkdif&m ckHkH;odkYay;
ydkY&ef}} [laom tcsufukd jyef
vnfy,fzsufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
txufygtcsufudk jynf
axmifpkvTwfawmf em,u
OD;cifatmifjrifhu atmufwdk
bm 28 &ufwGif jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf wifjyum aqG;
aEG;jcif; rjyKapbJ vTwfawmf
tqk H ; tjzwf &,l c J h j cif ; jzpf
onf/
]]em,u wpfOD;wnf;\
tcGifhtmPmt& vkyfydkifcGifh
&Sdvifhupm; vTwfawmfudk av;
pm;aomtm;jzifh aqG;aEG;jcif;
rjyKapbJ vTwfawmf\tqkH;
tjzwf u d k &,l j cif ; omjzpf
aMumif;ESifh obmrwlol&Sdu
xdt
k csed u
f yif rJqEjzifh qk;H jzwf
k H o mjzpf o nf u d k &S i f ; jyvk d y g
aMumif;}} OD;cifatmifjrifhu Ekd
0ifbm 18 &ufu usif;yaom
jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf w G i f
ajymMum;cJah Mumif; Ek0d ifbm 19
&ufxw
k f Ekid if yH ikd o
f wif;pmrsm;
azmfjyxm;onf/
jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf
wGif atmufwdkbm 28 &ufu
qk;H jzwfcahJ om txufygtcsuf
udk jynfolYvTwfawmfu Ekd0if
"mwfykH- oD[
bm 1&uf usif;yaomtpnf;
ta0; xkdqkH;jzwfcsufudk y,f
zsuaf y;&ef tqdu
k kd jynfoYl vTwf
awmftrwftm;vkH;u wnDw
nGwfwnf; twnfjyKcJhonf/
,if;wkdYu t"du uefYuGuf&
onfh taMumif;&if;rSm Oya'jyK
cGifh tmPmtjynfht0&&Sdxm;
aom jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmf\
Oya'jyKrv
I yk if ef;pOftqifq
h ifh
wGif tajccHOya'qkid &f mckH ;Hk xyf
wd;k vmrnfukdrvdv
k m;bJtajccH
Oya'vnf; xdo
k Ykd rjy|mef;xm;
onfhtwGuf ykHrSefOya'jyKrI
vkyif ef;pOfwiG f Ekid if aH wmfzUGJ pnf;
ykHtajccHOya'qkdif&m ckHkH;xyf
xnfhjcif;udk uefYuGufMujcif;
jzpfonf/
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf ud,
k f
pm;vS,rf sm;uvnf; ykrH eS Of ya'
jyKvkyfief;pOfwGif Oya'Murf;
wkdif;udk tajccH Oya'qkdif&m
ckHkH;odkY wifjyrnfr[kwfbJ zJGU
pnf;ykH tajccHOya'ESin
hf n
D w
G f
jcif;&Sd? r&Sd oHo,&Sdaom udp
&yfrsm;yg0ifro
S m wifjyrnfjzpf
jynfolYvTwfawmf\ qkH;jzwf
csufudk trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu
uefYuGufjyefonf/
xdkodkY oabmxm;uJGvJGrI
rsm;jzpfapaom qkH;jzwfcsuf
tm; OD;cifatmifjrifhudk,fwkdif
u Ekd0ifbm 18 &ufwGif y,f

zsuf a Mumif ; qk H ; jzwf c J h o nf /
,if ; qk H ; jzwf c suf y,f z suf
aMumif;ukd OD;cifatmifjrihfu
tus,fw0ihf&Sif;jyoGm;onf
ukdvnf; awGU&onf/
xkdtcsufudk y,fzsufay;
cJhojzifh jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,frsm;tm;vkH; auseyf
0rf ; ajrmuf & aMumif ; jynf o l Y
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;
u Ekd0ifbm 18 &ufwGifajym
onf/jynfaxmifvTwfawmfem
,u OD;cifatmifjrif\
h qk;H jzwf
csufrSm rSefuefaMumif; vTwf
awmfu,
kd pf m;vS,t
f csKUd u ajym
Mum;onf/
xyfr&H &Sad om owif;t&
Ekd0ifbm 16 &ufwGif usif;y
aom jynfolYvTwfawmf\ 48
&ufajrmufaeY tpnf;ta0;
wGif ]]Oya'a&;&mESihf txl;udp
rsm;avhvm? qef;ppfo;Hk oyfa&;
tzJUG }} udk zJUG pnf;cJh onf/ tqkyd g
tzJUG zJUG pnf;jcif;udk jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmfem,u OD;cifatmif
jrifhu tvGefoifhjrwfaMumif;
rSwfcsufay;cJhonf/
Home
atmifol&
&efukef-rEav;
tjrefvrf;wGif
,mOfwrd ;f arSmufrx
I yfjzpf
0wf&nf? tdjzLvGif
&efukef? Ekd0ifbm-19
&efuek -f rEav; tjrefum;vrf;ay:wGif ,mOfwrd ;f arSmuf
rIwpfck xyfrjH zpfymG ;cJNh yD; e,l;rEvmxGe;f c&D;onf,mOf
wdrf;arSmufcJhonfhae&mESifh 16 rkdifcefYtuGmwGif jzpfyGm;
cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
,ckv17 &ufwGif &efukefrS armif;ESifvmaom Aif
trsKd;tpm; udk,fydkif,mOfonf rkdifwkdiftrSwf 351t
a&mufwiG f rD;&xm;ck;H ausmw
f w
H m;udk 0ifwu
dk rf &d mrS wdr;f
arSmufjcif;jzpfNy;D ,mOfay:wGiyf g&So
d nfh vlav;OD;teuf
wpfO;D rSm ae&mwGiyf if aoqk;H useo
f rl sm;tm; rEav;
aq;kHBuD;odkY ydkYaqmifxm;&aMumif; wHwm;OD;apwem
&Sif vlru
I n
l aD &;toif;rS wm0ef &So
d w
l pfO;D uajymonf/
]][dk&ufu c&D;onf,mOfwdrf;arSmufwJhae&meJYeD;
w,f/ wd;k *dwaf &mufzv
Ykd nf; av;zmvkaH vmufyv
J akd wmh
wJhae&mrSmjzpfwm/ trsKd;om;wpfOD;aoqkH;NyD; trsKd;
orD;ESpOf ;D eJY trsK;d om;wpfO;D 'Pf&m&w,f}} [k wHwm;OD;
&Jpcef;rS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u twnfjyKajymMum;onf/
tqkdyg ,mOfwdrf;arSmufrIukd avqdyf&Jpcef;(y)
48^ 2011? yk'rf 304(u)^338 t& ,mOfarmif;OD;tke;f
armiftm; trIzGifhta&;,lxm;aMumif; od&onf/
,ckv 13 &ufuvnf; &efukefrS rEav;odkY armif;
ESifvmonfh c&D;onfwif,mOfonf tjrefvrf;rBuD;t
wkdif; armif;ESifvm&m wHwm;OD;wdk;*dwfteD; rkdifwkdif 335
ta&muf vrf;ab;xd;k qif;oGm;&mrS wdr;f arSmufrjI zpfymG ;
NyD; trsKd;om; 8OD;? trsKd;orD;3OD;ESifh 6ESpft&G,fuav;
wpfOD;aoqkH;cJhonf/
urf;em;vrf;ay:wGif
ukefaowmwif,mOfwpfpD;
rD;avmifrIjzpfyGm;
odrfhodrfhpdk;
urf;em;vrf;rBuD;ay:wGif 18 bD; ukefaowmwif,mOf
wpfpD; ,ckv 12&uf nu rD;avmifrIjzpfyGm;cJhaMumif;
&efukefwkdif; rD;owfOD;pD;XmerS owif;&&Sdonf/
if;rD;avmifrIrSm vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f udkif;wef;
vrf;xdyf ESihf 7 vrf;xdyMf um;&Sd urf;em;vrf;rBu;D ay:wGif
jzpfyGm;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/
rD;avmifrIjzpfyGm;&jcif;rSm qDydwfojzifh yefYdkuf&m
rS yefYMuyfae "mwfqDESifhaq;aMumjyKjyifpOf za,mif;
wkdifrD;xGef;Munfh&mrS pwifavmifuRrf;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
if;um;rD;avmif&modkY ausmufwHwm;rD;owfwyf
zJGUrS rD;owf,mOfwpfpD;ESifh tkyfcsKyfrI,mOfwpfpD; oGm;
a&mufNidrf;owfcJhaMumif; od&onf/
tqkdyg um;rD;avmifrIrSm wpfywftwGif; 'kwd,
tBudrf ukeu
f m;rD;avmifrjI zpfNy;D if; udk (y)262^2011
yk'fr 285 jzifh trIzGifhta&;,lxm;onf/
Ny;D cJo
h nfh Ek0d ifbm 5 &uf n 6 em&DccGJ efu
Y vnf; r[m
AEKvwHwm; a'gykHbuftqif;wGif ukefaowm,mOf
wpfpD; 0g,ma&Smhcfjzpfum rD;avmifrIjzpfyGm;cJhonf/
&efukef?
Ekd0ifbm-16
[dkw,f? rdkw,f? wnf;cdk&dyfom
vkdifpifESifh c&D;oGm;vma&;
vk y f i ef ; vk d i f p if & &S d x m;aom
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;\ EkdifiHjcm;aiG
pm&if;wGif 0ifaiGtar&duef
a':vmig;aomif;&Sdygu um;
wpfpD; wifoGif;cGifhjyKrnf[k
owif;&&Sdonf/
]]udk,fhaiGpm&if;rSm tcGef
ESp&f mcdik Ef eI ;f aqmifNy;D om; a':
vm ig;aomif;jyEkid &f if qdyu

f rf;
ta&mufwefzdk; a':vm ESpf
aomif;ig;axmifxuf rydkwJh
,mOfwpfp;D wifoiG ;f cGi&hf rSmyg}}
[k jrefrmEkdifiHc&D;oGm;vkyfief;
&Sirf sm;toif; twGi;f ta&;rSL;
OD;wifxGef;atmifu qdkonf/
rdrw
d \
Ykd Ekid if jH cm; aiGpm&if;
wGif a':vmig;aomif;&Sdolrsm;
taejzihf jrefrmEkdifiHc&D;oGm;
vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;toif;(odrYk [kw)f
[d k w ,f E S i f h c&D ; oG m ;vma&;
0efBu;D XmeodYk wdu
k f u
kd f avQmuf
xm;Ekdifonf/
aemufqkH;b@ma&;ESpf
okH;ESpfwGifydkYukef&aiG a':vm
wpfodef;txuf&Sdaom ydkYukef
oGi;f ukeu
f rk P
rD sm;udk um;tpD;
6000 wifoGif;cGifhjyK&ef vsm
xm;Ny;D jzpfaMumif; ukeo
f ,
G af &;
TefMum;rIOD;pD;XmerS wm0ef&Sd
olwpfOD;u ajymonf/
[dkw,fESifhc&D;oGm; vkyf
ief;rsm;? jynfyodkY w&m;0ifoGm;
a&mufvyk u
f ikd af eolrsm;?oabFm
om;rsm;? EkdifiHjcm;a&; XmewGif
wm0ef x rf ; aqmif a eol r sm;

paomu@ ig;cktwGuf owf
rSwfEkdifiHjcm;aiG &Sdolrsm;udk
um;tpD;a& pkpkaygif; 20000
wif o G i f ; cG i f h j yKrnf [ k v nf ;
owif;&&Sdonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif oufqkdif
&mu xkwjf yefaom pm&if;t&
2010 jynfEh pS u
f ek t
f xd [dw
k ,f?
rdw
k ,fEiS hf wnf;cdck ef;aygif; 691
ck&SdNyD; c&D;oGm;vkyfief; ukrPD
aygif; 640 &Sdonf/
"mwfykH-a*sarmifarmif(tr&yl&)
aps;oufomonhf wmwmemEkdum;rsm;ukd pdwful;,OfcJhaom jrefrmjynfolrsm; tdEd,ukefpnfjyyGJwGif ,if;um;rsm;rygonhftwGuf vufrIdifcscJh&onf
jynfwGif;tcGefpepfaMumifh wmwmemEkdum;rsm; vma&mufa&mif;cs&ef tcufawGY

jynfodrf;
&efukef? Edk0ifbm- 15
jynfwiG ;f vltrsm;pdw0f ifpm;onfh wmwmemEdu
k m;rsm;udk wifoiG ;f &eftwGuf tcGepf epfu tcuftcJjzpfae&aMumif; jrefrmEdik if &H dS
tdEd,vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;rS owif;&&Sdonf/
wmwmemEdu
k m;onfurmay:wGif aps;toufomqH;k um;trsK;d tpm;jzpfNy;D wpfp;D vQif (a':vm2000)? l;yD;wpfoed ;f jzifh a&mif;csae
jcif;jzpfonf/ um;ygrpf&&SdNyD; jynfwGif;odkY um;wpfpif;wifoGif;rnfqdkygu unetcGef? Custom Duty, Commercial Tax rsm;tygt0if
um;wefzdk;\ 165 &mcdkifEIef;eD;yg; tcGefaqmif&rnfjzpf&m 0,folvufxJta&muf a':vm 2000 ESifh a&mif;csonfh wmwm\ pepfESihf
tqifrajyojzihfa&mif;csay;EdkifrIr&SdaMumif; txufygvkyfief;&Sifrsm;uqdkonf/
]]wmwmemEdu
k a':vm 2000 eJY tdrf ta&mufa&mif;wm/ oYl Brandu urmay:rSm aps;touftomqH;k qdw
k *hJ P
k u
f kd xde;f xm;wm}}
[k jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd tdEd,pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&SifBuD;wpfOD;u &Sif;jyonf/
Edk0ifbm 10 rS 13&uftxd wyfrawmfcef;r usif;yonfh tdEd,ukefpnfjyyGJwGif wmwmum;ukrPDvnf; yg0ifonf/ ,if;jyyGJwGif
wmwmukrP
rD S xkwv
f yk o
f nfh Vista, Aria, Safari wdYk yg 0ifaomfvnf; emEdu
k m;av;rsm; ryg0ifaMumif;udv
k nf; jyyGu
J mvtwGi;f ud,
k w
f ikd f
oGm;a&mufavhvmolrsm;uonf/
xGufrnfU pyg;tvm;tvm wGufNyD;rS jynfyydkhrnfUyrmPqkH;jzwf&ef v,f^qnf0efBuD;ajym

jynfodrf;? atmifol&
rdk;pyg;xGuf&SdrItajctae? aEG
pyg;pdkufysKd;Ekdifrnfh tvm;t
vm tay:pdpd pfcsurf sm; aqmif
&GufNyD;rSom EkdifiHjcm;odkYwifydkY
a&mif;cs&ef yrmPudk okH;oyf?
qk;H jzwfaqmif&u
G &f ef oifah vsmf
onf[k v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;ESifh
qnf a jrmif ; 0ef B uD ; Xme jynf
axmifpk0efBuD; OD;jrifhvIdifu
rSwfcsufay;onf/
qef w ef c sd e f i g;aomif ;
tm; jynfyodkYwifydkYEkdifa&;t
wGuf v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;ESifh
qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme\ o
abmxm;awmif;cHcsuftay:
txufygtwkdif; rSwfcsufay;
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
pyg;ay:csdefwGif pyg;aps;
rusap&ef jynfyEkdifiHodkY qef
wifydkYjcif;tm; ,ckESpf atmuf
wdb
k mvrSp,cifvrsm;xuf
av; qydu
k m wefcsed if g;aomif;
cefYwifykdY&ef jrefrmEkdifiHqef
pyg;toif;u qkH;jzwfcJhonf/
jrefrmqefudk jynfyaps;
uGurf S 0,f,rl &I yfem;xm;onf
rS m ES p f v ausmf N yD j zpf a Mumif ;
jrefrmEkdifiH qefpyg;vkyfief;t
oif;rS owif;&&Sdonf/
jrefrmqefudk jynfyaps;
uGuo
f YvpOf
kd
wefcsed fav;aomif;
ausmf wifydkY&efpDpOfxm;aomf
vnf; pufwifbmESifhatmuf
wdkbmvrsm;wGif wifydkYEkdifjcif;
r&S d a Mumif ; tqk d y gtoif ; rS
Ou|OD;cspfckdifu qkdonf/
xkdif;EkdifiHESihf AD,uferf
EkdifiHwdkY a&BuD;rIaMumifh jrefrmh

qefonf urmhaps;uGufwGif
tvm;tvmaumif;&ef arQmf
vifch ahJ omfvnf; tdE,
d rSt&ef
qef r sm; xk w f a &mif ; ojzif h
,ckuJhodkY aps;uGufaysmufae
&jcif;jzpfaMumif; jynfyodkY qef
wifyaYkd eonfh vkyif ef;&Siw
f pfO;D
uqkdonf/
jrefrmhqef 25 rSwf (tusK;d
taMu 25 &mckdifEIef;) aps;uGuf
onf tmz&duEkdifiHjzpfonf/
pm(12)okdY
Home
jrefrmhkyf&SifqifqmESifh ywfoufjyD; kyf&Sifavmuom;rsm; pmwrf;jyK

at;olpH
jrefrmhyk &f iS q
f ifqmESihfywfoufky&f iS f
avmutvTmav;vTmrS pkpnf;wifjy
rnfh pmwrf;aygif;csKyu
f kd jyefMum;a&;0ef
BuD;Xme0efBuD;xH wifjy&ef&SdaMumif;
owif;&&Sdonf/
]]tEkynmonfawGtwGufOya'
udk tEkynmorm;awG rygbJeJYa&;qJG
cGirhf &Sb
d ;l vdYk OD;rsK;d ,lqygw,f/ bmjzpf
vdv
Yk q
J &dk if 'D[m&JUaumif;jcif;? qd;k jcif;
tusKd;qufudk tEkynmorm;awGyJ cH
pm;&rSmyg/ tcka&;qJGxm;wJh qifqm
Oya'awG[m rjynfph kHbl;vdkY okH;oyfyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh tEkynmorm;awGu
ud,
k u
hf MH urmudk ud,
k w
f idk zf efw;D Ekid cf iG hf
&S&d ygr,f/ wpfoufv;Hk olrsm;awG zefw;D
wmudk cHvm&wmMumygNyD/ wpfenf;
tm;jzifh 'g[mtEkynmorm;awG&JU
tcGifhta&;udk vk,lNyD; tEkdifusifh&m
a&mufovdk 'Drkdua&pDvrf;aMumif;eJY
vnf; qefYusifaeygw,f/ tEkynm
onf a wG t wG u f aocsmcsrS w f r ,h f
Oya'u tEkynmorm;awGyJyg0ifoifh
ygw,f/ yg0ifciG &hf &dS r,fvYkd xifygw,f}}
jrefrmkyf&Sifqifqmrl0g'ESifhywfouf
NyD; tvkyfkHaqG;aEG;yJGodkY wufa&mufcJh
ol 'gdkufarmifrsKd;rif;(&ifwGif;jzpf)u
ajymonf/
]]jrefrmhyk &f iS af vmurSm qifqm&Sd

oihf? r&SdoifhqkdwJhudpudk eHygwfwpfOD;
pm;ay;taeeJY aqG;aEG;MuwJt
h cg b,f
olurSawmh r&Sdoifhbl;vdkY rajymMuyg
bl;/ 'gaMumifh okyfaqmif? 'gdkufwm?
xkwv
f yk o
f el YJpufryI nmonfrsm;tvTm
av;vTmuae pmwrf;wpfapmifpD jyKpk
wifoGif;r,f/ NyD;&ifpmwrf;aygif;csKyf
vkyfNyD; jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;
qDwifjyygr,f}}[k tEkynm&Sif Zm*em
u ajymonf/
tqkdygtvkyfHkaqG;aEG;yGJodkY ajy
wDOD;? cefYpnfol? 'gdkufwm0dkif;? 'gdkuf
wmarmifrsKd;rif; (&ifwGif;jzpf)? 'gdkuf
wm&DaZmf ponfh tEkynm&Sirf sm; wuf
a&mufcNhJ y;D okyaf qmiftvTm rS pmwrf;
wpfapmifukd wifoGif; NyD;NyDjzpfaMumif;

od&onf/ jrefrmhkyf&SifqifqmESifhywf
ouf tmqD,pH cH sed pf EH eI ;f ESit
h f nDaqmif
&Guf&ef TefMum;xm;aomfvnf; trSef
wu,fwiG f vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G cf iG &fh ae
aom twkdif;twmrSm enf;yg;vGef;ae
ao;jcif;udk ]]zdvpfydkifu vTwfawmft
rwf trsK;d orD;eJaY wGUawmh uReaf wmfu
tmqD,HpHcsdefpHEIef;qkdwm bmvJvkdY
olu
Y akd r;Munhw
f ,f/ olwu
Ydk olwEYdk idk if H
rSm qifqmeJYywfouf&if rl0g'ESpfrsKd;yJ
&Sw
d ,f/wpfrsK;d uZmwfum;awGukuav;
d
awGMunho
f ihrf Munho
f ih?f 18 ESpaf tmuf
Munho
f ihrf Munho
f ifhRate (tqif)h owf
rSwfwm/ aemufwpfrsKd;u ynmonf
awG vGwv
f w
G v
f yfvyfu
kd u
f ;l Ekid f atmif
tultnDay;wm/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU
ky&f iS q
f ifqmtzGUJ udk wu,f em;vnf
uRrf;usifolig;a,mufavmufeJY t
uspfvspfqHk; zGJUpnf;ay;zkdY oufqkdif&m
udt
k BujH yKcyhJ gw,f}} [k Zm*emu quf
vufajymonf/
,if;aeY tvkyfHkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif
okyfaqmiftvTmrS wifoGif;aom
pmwrf;udk okyfaqmifZif0kdif;u zwf
Mum;wifoGif;cJhNyD; pmwrf;aygif;csKyjf yK
vkyrf nft
h pDtpOfukdtjrefq;kH taumif
txnfazmfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&
onf/
xl;oefY
aejynfawmf? Ekd0ifbm-18
tpd;k &opfvufxufwiG f &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS v
I yk if ef;rsm; ydrk jkd yKvyk v
f maom tdE,
d
orwEkid if \
H acs;aiGtar&duefa':vmoef; 200jzifh jrefrmEkid if \
H use&f adS e
ao;aom qnfa&aomufpepftm;vkH; NyD;pD;atmifaqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpf
aMumif; v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;ESifh qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;
OD;jrifhvIdifuajymMum;onf/
]]tdE,
d uae a':vmoef; 200acs;aiG&ygr,f/ tJ'geJY qnfa&aomuf
pepftm;vk;H Ny;D atmifvyk yf gr,f}}[l ,aeYusi;f yjyKvyk af om aus;vufa'o
zHUG NzKd ;a&;ESihf qif;&JErG ;f yg;rI avQmch sa&;a&;qkid &f m nEd idI ;f tpnf;ta0;wGif ajym
Mum;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD; ,if;tpDtpOftwGuf tBudrfBudrf avhvmrIrsm; jyKvkyf
aqG;aEG;cJhaMumif;vnf; 0efBuD;uqufvufajymMum;cJhonf/
aejynfawmf&Sd aygif;avmif;a&vJTqnfpDrHudef;wGif yifqnfa&ay;a0
Ekid o
f nfh {uok;H aomif;cef&Y adS omfvnf; avmavmq,fwiG f 10&mcdik Ef eI ;f jzpf
onfh {u 3000cefYudkom a&ay;a0Ekdifao;aMumif; 0efBuD;\ ajymMum;csuf
t&od&onf/ qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;\ tqdkt& qnfa&
aomufpepftwGi;f yg0ifaom yifrajrmif;rsm;? vufwaH jrmif;rsm;? v,fMum;
ajrmif;rsm; azmfaqmif&jcif;onfvnf; cufcBJ uD;rm;aom vkyif ef;jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
qnfajrmif;OD;pD;XmerS &&Sdaom pm&if;Z,m;rsm;t& jrefrmEkdifiHwGif
,ckESpftxd qnf?wmwrHaygif; 371 cktxd wnfaqmufxm;NyD; ,if;qnf?
wmwrHrsm;\ pdkufysKd;a&;ay;a0EkdifpGrf;rSm {uaygif; av;oef;ausmftxd&Sd
aMumif; jrefrmEkid if H pyg;pdu
k {f u pkpak ygif;oef;20 \ 120&mcdik Ef eI ;f cef&Y adS Mumif;
rEav;wkdif;a'oBuD;wGif trsm;qkH;jzpfaMumif;vnf; od&onf/
tNird ;f pm; pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ynm&Siw
f pfO;D u ,ckuo
hJ Ykd aiGv;Hk aiG&if; BuD;BuD;
rm;rm;jzifh aqmif&Gufvmrnfjzpf tusKd;&v'fvnf; BuD;rm;vmrnfjzpf
aMumif; ajymMum;cJhonf/
Home
&xm;vufrSwfcwuf ta0;ajy;,mOfvkdif;rsm;ukd a&G;cs,fvm
xl;oefY
a0,H
&xm;vufrSwfcrsm; wkd;jrihf
vkdufjcif;aMumifh aps;EIef;ESihf
0efaqmifrcI sed q
f um ta0;ajy;
&xm;pD;c&D;onfrsm; ,mOfvidk ;f
rsm;udk ykdrkda&G;cs,fvmaMumif;
,mOfvkdif;rsm;ESihf c&D;oGm;rsm;
xHrS ar;jref;od&Sd&onf/
ta0;ajy;&xm;crsm;wkd;
jrifhrIaMumifh ,cif&xm;cxuf
3 qcefYaps;ydkjrihfaom ta0;
ajy;um;crsm;rSm &efukefblwm
BuD;rS jrefrmEkdifiHa'orsm;odkY
ajy;qJ G a eaom tjref & xm;
vufrSwfrsm;jzifhEIdif;,SOfwGuf
csufvQif dk;dk;wef;qkdygu
2000usyfrS 5000 usyf0ef;
usifcefY? yxrwef;jzifhqkdygu
2000usyfrS 4000 usyf0ef;
usicf efY txuf wef;jzifq
h ydk gu
100usyfrS 1000 usyf0ef;usif
cefYtxd c&D;pOfay:rlwnfum
&xm;cu ykdjrihfrm;oGm;onf/
txl ; tjref & xm;jzif h
wG u f c suf y gu d k ; d k ; wef ; qd k
vQif 4000 usyf0ef;usif avsmh
enf ; NyD ; txuf w ef ; qk d y gu
1500 usyf0ef;usifxd &xm;c
ykdjrihfwufoGm;aMumif; vuf&Sd
um;crsm;ESihfwk;d jri o
hf nfh&xm;c
rsm;t&od&onf/
xdkokdY &xm;crsm;wkd;jrifh
vkdufjcif;aMumifh ta0;ajy;
um;rsm;rSm csufcsif; c&D;onf
ododomomjrihfwufvmrIr&Sd
&wemqifjzLawmf ESpfpD;
aejynfawmfokdh xyfrHa&muf&Sd
ta0;ajy;,mOfvidk ;f rsm;xufyif aps;jriho

f mG ;onhf rD;&xm;rsm;\0efaqmifru
I dk wk;d jriafh y;&ef c&D;onfrsm;u vkv
d m;aeMuonf
jcif;rSm 0efaqmifrIt& ta0;

ajy;um;rsm;rSm ydkrdkaumif;rGef
aomfvnf; ukefpnfwifaqmif
Ekid rf I avsmeh nf;jcif;ESihf um;vrf;
ESihf &xm;vrf;c&D; uGmjcm;jcif;wdYk
aMumifhvnf; jzpfaMumif; od&
onf/
ta0;ajy;&xm;ESihf NrKd Uywf
&xm;vufrSwfc aps;EIef;rsm;
wd k ; jr i f h a jymif ; vJ v d k u f a omf
vnf ; ta0;ajy;um;crsm;
ajymif;vJw;kd jri o
hf mG ;rnfr[kwf
aMumif; ,mOfvkdif;rsm;rS ajym
Mum;onf/
]]avmavmq,f aps;EIef;
jrifhowfrSwfwmawG r&Sdao;yg
bl;/ 'gayrJh rxou aumufwhJ
tcGeftcawGu wtm;rsm;vdkY
pmwifxm;wmawmh &Sdw,f/
tJ ' D ud p t ay:qH k ; jzwf c suf
b,f vd k u srvJ r od a o;bl ; /

um;cyJ aps;jrifhcdkif;rvm; t
cGeftcyJ avQmhcsay;rvm; rod
ao;bl;}} [k atmifr*Fvmta0;
ajy;rS,mOfvdkif;ydkif&Sif wpfOD;u
qdkonf/
ta0;ajy;um; ,mOfpD;c
wd;k jri jhf cif;r&Sjd cif;aMumifh ,cif
vufrw
S cf aps;enf;aom &xm;
xuf tcsdefwdkwGif; c&D;a&muf
Edik Nf y;D tcsed rf a&G;pD;eif;Edik o
f nfh
ta0;ajy;um;rsm;rSm c&D;onf
ydkrdk&vmaMumif; od&onf/
&xm;vuf r S w f c rsm;ud k
10 qtxd wk d ; jr i f h v k d u f j cif ;
aMumifh tcsKdUaom NrdKUBuD;rsm;
odkY ajy;qJGaom rD;&xm;vuf
rSwcf rSm ta0;ajy;,mOfrsm;ESifh
yif aps;EIef;wljzpfoGm;cJhonf/
vuf & S d & xm;vrf ; rsm;t
ajctaeES i f h rD ; &xm;wJ G jyif

qifrI tajctaersm;ukd Munfh
ygu &xm;pD;c&D;onfrsm;t
wGuf wkd;jrifhvkdufonfh aps;EIef;
rsm;rSm rwefwqjzpfaeaMumif;
&efukef-jynfvrf;aMumif;wGif
rD;&xm;jzifh ykHrSefoGm;vmaeol
wpfOD;u ajymonf/
]]vrf;awGa&m? wJGawGyg
tajctaeqk;d aewm? 'Dtwkid ;f
qkd um;yJpD;awmhrSmaygh/&xm;
uvrf;acsmw
f mvnf;cPcP/
tcsdefuvnf; trsKd;rsKd;eJY qkd
awmh}}[k txufyg &xm;pD;c&D;
onfu ajymonf/
aejynfawmf? Ekd0ifbm- 20
tpdk;&opfvufxufwGif {&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD;ESifh &ckdifjynf
e,fwrYkd S qifjzLawmfEpS pf ;D xyfraH y:xGuv
f m&m tqdyk g qifjzL
awmfrsm;tm; BuKd qjdk cif; r*Fvmtcrf;tem;udk Ed0k ifbm 20 &uf
naeydkif;wGif aejynfawmf&Sd OygwoEdapwDawmf 0wuajr
wGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhonf/
qifjzLawmf\ MueftifvuPmrsm;ESifh jynfpkHaom
tqkyd gqifjzLawmfEpS pf ;D teuf t&yftjrihf 5 ay 1 vufr&SNd yD;
touf 5 ESpcf ef&Y adS om qifjzLawmf(txD;)aiGq'eu
f kd &ckid jf ynf
e,fwiG fay:xGe;f cJah Mumif;? t&yf6ay10vufr&SNd y;D touf15
ESpfcefY&Sdaom qifjzLawmf(tr)a[r0wDudk {&m0wDwkdif;
a'oBuD;twGif; ay:xGef;cJhaMumif;vnf;owif; &&Sdonf/
]]qifra[r0wDukd 2006 ckEpS af vmufuwnf;u pawGUcJh
wm/ vkdufzrf;vkdYvnf;r&? arhaq;aoewfeJY ypfawmhvnf;
rwd;k ? aemufNy;D wjcm;qiftyk af wGu &TUH awGeYJ ukwyf wfNy;D ud,
k f
a&mifazsmufoGm;wmrsKd;vnf;&Sdw,f/ rdwJhtcsdefrSmawmif
rkd;awG&GmcsvkdufvdkY oJoJuJGuJGjzpfcJhwm}}[kk &wemqifjzLawmf
BudKqkda&;tzJGUrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u &Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/
qifjzLawmfrsm;\ ta&mif MueftifvuPmrsm;ESihf ywf
oufvnf;]]wcsKdUuawmh ajymMuwmaygh/ 'gayrJh 'Dxl;jcm;rI
awGu vky,
f v
l &Ykd wmrSr[kww
f m/ 'gobm0twkid ;f ay:xGe;f cJh
wmyJ/ wcsKUd Ekid if aH wGq&dk if vdck siv
f suef YJ ray:xGe;f awmhr&Mu
bl;}}[k if;u qufvuf&Sif;jyonf/
,cktcsed w
f iG f jynfaxmifpo
k rwjrefrmEkid if aH wmf qifjzL
awmf 7pD;ydik q
f idk x
f m;Ny;D jzpfNy;D &efuek Nf rKd UawmfwiG f &mZ*[oD&d
yp,*Z&mZm?o*rmvmESih&wD
f rmvmqifjzLawmfw&Ykd NdSy;D aejynf
awmfwiG f b'0wD? eE0wD? aiGq'eEf iS hf a[r0wDqifjzLawmfwYkd
pHaysmfMurnfjzpfonf/
Home
rD;owfum;rsm; rD;avmif&modkY vG,fuljrefqefpGmoGm;Ekdif&ef

tifwmeufpepfjzifh qufoG,fvrf;nTefrnfU pifwmrsm;xm;&Sdrnf
Oumudkudk
&efuek w
f ikd ;f twGi;f jzpfymG ;onfh
rD;avmifrIrsm;udk rD;owf,mOf
rsm;jzifh oGm;a&mufNidrf;owf&m
wGif ydkrdktqifajyacsmarGU jref
qef a p&ef t wG u f Nrd K Ue,f r D ;
owfpcef;rsm; tcsif;csif; tif
wmeufpepfjzifh qufoG,frnfh
ausmfoD[
Command and Control Cen-
rsm;udk vmrnfhESpf Zefe0g&D

1 &ufwGif pwifzGifhvSpfoGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; &efukefwdkif;
a'oBuD; rD;owfOD;pD;XmerSL;?
'kwd,TefMum;a&;rSL;OD;Munf
0if;u ajymonf/
tqkdyg Command and
Control Center rsm;onf wpf
ckESifhwpfck tifwmeufpepfjzifh
qufoG,frnfjzpfum &efukef
NrdKU&Sd NrdKUe,frsm;tvdkuf aetdrf
wdkufwmrsm;? txyfjrifhwdkuf
rsm;? &yfuGufvrf;taetxm;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk ajryHkjzifh
vrf;TefEdkifrnfjzpfNyD; tcsuf
D
tvufrsm;tm; Suntac ukrP
NrdKYe,ftcsKdUwGif tcsdefykdif;
vQyfppf"mwftm;jywfawmufrnf
ter
a&T*kHwkdif&Sd rD;avmifuRrf;aeaom taqmufttkHukd rD;jidrf;owfaeonhf rD;owf,mOfwpfpD;
ESifh yl;aygif; aqmhzf0Ja&;qGJ

aeNyDjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]rD ; avmif r I r sm;wmu
zGHU jzdK;wdk;wufrIeJYvnf; qdkifyg
w,f / rD ; oH k ; wmrsm;&if rD ;
avmifrIrsm;Edkifygw,f/ jrefrm
EdkifiHrSm wpfESpfudk rD;avmifrI
1500 avmuf j zpf y gw,f /
pifumylEdkifiHrSm wpfESpfudk rD;
avmifrI 8000avmufjzpfyg
w,f / rD ; ab;tE & m,f u m

uG,frIawG vkyfaeayr,fh rD;
avmifrIu rsm;aeygw,f/ um;
0if&cufwhJ vrf;awG ydwq
f aYkd erI
udk &Sif;vif;zdkYudkvnf; oufqdkif
&mawG e J Y n d E I d i f ; xm;wm&S d y g
w,f}}[k OD;Munf0if;u qdo
k nf/
Command and Control

Center rsm;ud k &ef u k e f w d k i f ;
a'oBuD;twGif;&Sd NrdKUe,f 22
NrdKUe,fwGif yPmrzGifhvSpfoGm;
rnfjzpfNyD; rD;owfum;rsm;wGif
vnf; GPSpepfoabmyg0if
onfhpepfrsm;? TTMA (ac:)
CDMA pepfrsm; wyfqifxm;
aMumif; od&onf/
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;t
wGif;&Sd NrdKUe,frD;owfpcef;rsm;
rSm ta&SUydkif;cdkifwGif 15ck? t
aemufydkif;cdkifwGif 7 ck? awmif
&JwHcGefobm0"mwfaiGUxkwfvkyfa&;pifwGif vdktyf
aomjyKjyifrIvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufrnfjzpf 'DZifbm
29 rS 2012 Zefe0g&D 1&uftxd &JwcH eG f obm0"mwfaiGU
pufHkrsm;odkY "mwfaiGUykdYvTwfrIudk &yfqkdif;xm;rnfjzpf
onf/ ,if;aMumihf &efukefNrdKU&Sd NrdKUe,ftcsKdUwGif tcsed f
ykid ;f vQypf pf"mwftm;jzwfawmufrnfjzpfaMumif;owif;
&&Sdonf/
xkdokdY&yfqkdif;xm;pOf &efukefNrdKUawmf&Sd tvHkNrdKU
e,f? r*FvmawmifGefYNrdKUe,f? wmarGNrdKUe,f? Munhfjrihf
wkdifNrdKUe,f? Akv
d w
f axmifNrKd Ue,f? ykZeG af wmifNrdKUe,fwkdY
wGif vQyfppf"mwftm; jywfawmufrIrsm;&Sdaernfjzpf
oufqidk &f mNrKd Ue,fae jynfolrsm; od&d adS p&ef BuKd wifxw
k f
jyefrIrsm;jyKvkyfrnfjzpfaMumif;od& onf/
vQyfppfrD;ukd vwfwavmwGif tcsdefjynfheD;yg;
&&SdaeNyDjzpfNyD; vQyfppfrD;rsm; tcsdeftwefMum jywf
awmufrnfqydk gu jywfawmuf&onhf taMumif;t&if;
ESifh tcsed w
f u
Ydk dk trsm;jynfoo
l Ydk BuKd wiftoday; onhf t
avhtxukd tpk;d &opfvufxufwiG f pwifusio
hf ;Hk vm
jcif;jzpfonf/
ydkif;cdkifwGif 9ck? ajrmufydkif;
cdik w
f iG f 11ck&jdS y;D rD;owfwyfzUJG
0if t if t m; 456OD ; ? t&ef r D ;
owfwyfzUJG 0iftiftm; 28282

OD;ESifh rD;owfum; tpD;a& 83
pD;cefY&SdaMumif; od&onf/
Home
2011 ckEpS f Ek0d ifbm 23&ufrS 29 &ufxd
rdk;av0oESifUZvaA'cefhrSef;csuf
b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf rkefwdkif;tajctae
b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf ta&SUawmifydkif;eJU ,if;eJYqufpyfaewJh
uyvDyifv,fjyifawGrSm wdrftoifhtwifhjzpfxGef;EdkifNyD; usef
b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfrSm om,myghr,f/
jrefrmhyifv,fjyiftajctae
rGef-weoFm&D urf;dk;wef;eJY urf;vGefyifv,fjyifawGrSm &Hzef&Hcg
ta&SUavjyif;rsm; usa&mufEdkifNyD; acwcPrQ vdIif;toifhtwifh
&SdEdkifygw,f/ a&jyifajrjyif av[m wpfem&D 20 rdkifrS 25 rdkifcefU
txd wdu
k cf wfEikd yf gw,f/ usejf refrmhurf;d;k wef;wpfavQmufeUJ urf;
vGeyf ifv,fjyif awGrmS &moDOwkom,mEdik Nf y;D vdiI ;f tenf;i,fom
&SEd ikd yf gw,f/ a&jyifajrjyifav[m wpfem&D 10 rdik rf S 15rdifk cf efUtxd
wdkufcwfEdkifygw,f/
rkefwdkfif;jzpfay:EdkifrItajctae
jy;D cJw
h &hJ ufowwpfywftwGi;f taemufbufu tma&Asyifv,f
rSm 04A rkefwdkif;i,f jzpfcJhjyD; ta&SUbufrSm&SdwJh awmifwkwf
yifv,fjyifrSmvnf; 24W rkefwdkif;jzpfcJhayr,fh b*Fvm;yifv,f
atmfxrJ mS awmh ta&SUavayGviId ;f tqifo
h mjzpfcNhJ y;D rkew
f ifkd ;f rjzpf
cJhwmudk awGU&ygw,f/ atmufwdkbm(19)&ufaeUrSm b*Fvm;
yifv,fatmfxrJ mS 'kw,
d rkew
f ikd ;f 02B jzpfjy;D uwnf;u b*Fvm;
yifv,fatmfxJrSm taemufawmif rkwfoHkavOD;[m awmifzuf
5deg Ntxd edrfhqif;usoGm;cJhygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsuf[m b*Fvm;
yifv,fatmfxJrSm avxkrjidrfoufrIudka&m? rdk;&GmoGef;rIudka&m?
rkefwdkif;jzpfay:rIudka&m avsmhenf;oGm;apcJhygw,f/ tusdK;quf
uawmh jyD;cJhwJh &ufowwpfywftwGif; jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvHk;rSm
rdk;&GmoGef;rIawG avsmhenf;oGm;cJhygw,f/
aqmif;rkwfoHk0ifvmjyD
jyD;cJhwJh &ufydkif;twGif;rSm taemufawmifrkwfoHkavOD;[m b*F
vm;yifv,fatmfxJrSmawmifr&SdawmhbJ tDauGwmawmifzuf
txd a&GUoGm;cJhwmaMumifh 2011 ckESpf&JU aEGrkwfoHk&moDumv&JU
ae&mudk aqmif;rkwfoHk[m tpm;xdk;0ifa&mufvmjyDjzpfygw,f/
rdk;&GmoGef;rItajctae
jyD;cJhwJh Edk0ifbmv(12)&uf rS (18)&ufaeUtxdumvtwGif; rGef
jynfe,fawmifyikd ;f eJU weoFm&Dwikd ;f a'oBu;D awGrmS rd;k tenf;i,f
&GmoGef;cJhwJhtwGuf rdk;a&csdef 0.2 vufr rS 0.8 vufrtwGif;
&&Sad pcJyh gw,f/ 'ghtjyif qD;ESi;f rd;k &GmoGe;f wJt
h wGuf rd;k a&csed f 0.2
vufrrS 0.8 vufrtxd wdkif;wm&&Sdaoma'orsm;rSm ppfudkif;
wdkif;ajrmufydkif;pGef;? ucsifjynfe,fajrmufydkif;pGef;eJU ta&SUydkif;?
&Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f eJU ta&SUydik ;f a'otcsKd UjzpfMuygw,f/ usef
a'orsm; tm;vHk; taeeJUawmh rdk;r&GmwJha'orsm; jzpfBuygw,f/
vmr,fh&ufowwpfywftwGufcefUrSef;csuf
vmr,fh cefYrSef;umv&ufowywftwGif; jrefrmEdkifiHbufqDudk
ta&SUbufu a&GUvsm;vmEdkifwJh rkefwdkif;t<uif;tusef wdrfwdkuf
rsm;r&SEd ikd o
f vdk b*Fvm;yifv,fatmfxrJ mS vnf; vuf&dS tajct
aet& rkefwdkif;jzpfEkdifzdkU tajctaeawG r&SdwmudkawGU&ygw,f/
vmr,fh&ufowwpfywftwGif; jrefrmEdkifiHta&SUajrmufydkif;
a'orsm;jzpfBuwJh ppfudkif;wdkif; txufydkif;? ucsifjynfe,f? &Srf;
jynfe,f? u,m;jynfe,feJU u&ifjynfe,f ta&SUydkif;a'oawGrSm
ta&SUajrmufavrsm; wdk;0ifrIaMumifh qD;ESif;rdk;rsm; (5)&uffcefU
usa&mufEdkifjyD; usefa'oawGrSm trsm;tm;jzifh om,mEdkifyg
w,f/
aeUtylcsdefrsm;
aeUtylcsed rf sm; taeeJu
Y awmh jrefrmEdik if aH jrmufyikd ;f eJUtxufyikd ;f
a'orsm;rSm jzpfNr&J UJ atmufvsmeh nf;Edik Nf y;D tv,fyifkd ;f a'orsm;rSm
jzpfNrJcefUeJU atmufydkif;a'orsm;rSm jzpfNrJxuf tenf;i,fausmf
vGefEdkifygw,f/
jrpfa&tajctae
jrefrmEdik if H wpf0ef;&Sd jrpfwUkd wGif vuf&adS &trSwrf sm;[m qufvuf
jrifw
h uf rvmEdik b
f J trsm;tm;jzifh vuf&adS &trSwrf sm;&JUatmuf
udk usqif;oGm;zG,&f m&Sw
d t
hJ wGuf jrefrmEdik if w
H pf0ef;&Sd jrpfBu;D rsm;
wdkUwGif pdk;&drfa& trSwfrsm;udk a&muf&SdEdkifzG,fr&Sdyg/
awmifwkwfyifv,fjyiftajctae
ajrmufypdzdwfork'&m taemufydkif;eJY awmifwkwfyifv,fjyif
wGif rkew
f ikd ;f rsm; jrefrmEdik if b
H ufqu
D dk a&muf&v
dS mEdik zf ,
G &f m r&Syd g
bl;vdkU cefUrSef;&ygw,f/
a'gufwmxGef;vGif
tifwmeufrS oduRrf;oludk,Hkaom rdef;uav; vlESifUypnf;rsm; vdrfvnfcH&

rsdK;rif;OD;
rHk&Gm? Ekd0ifbm - 21
tifwmeufrt
S odjzpfco
hJ l trsK;d
om;wpfOD;udk ,HkMunfrdaom
rde;f uav;i,fwpfO;D om;r,m;
tjzpf vdrfvnfaygif;oif;cH&
um vuf0wfvufpm;rsm; vdrf
vnf , l a qmif c H c J h & aMumif ;
owif;&&Sdonf/
rHk&GmNrdKUae r-- (19 ESpf)
onf Ekd0ifbm 6 &uf nae 4
em&D u rd b rsm;tm; tif w m
eufqidk o
f Ykd oGm;a&mufavhusifh
rnf [ k ajymqk d u m aetd r f & S d
8,^---- avmf*smqkdifu,f
ESihf xGufcGmoGm;&m tcsdefvGef
onftxd jyefvnfa&muf&jdS cif;
r&SdbJ aysmufqHk;cJhonf/ r--\

zcifjzpfolu rHk&GmNrdKUwGif vdkuf
vH&SmazGaomfvnf; rawGU&Sd
&efukefNrdKU&Sd aqGrsKd;rsm;xH awGU
&Sdygu taMumif;Mum;&ef quf
oG,frSmMum;cJhonf/
Ekd0ifbm 11 &uf rGef;vGJ
1 em&DcGJwGif &efukefNrdKUae aqG
rsKd;awmfpyfolrsm;u r-- tm;
r*FvmawmifeG NYf rKd Ue,f&dS wnf;
ckdcef;wpfck awGU&Sd aetdrf
odkYjyefvnfac:,lxm;cJhonf/
r-- \ ajymjycsuft& vGefcJh
aomoHk;vcefYu tifwmeuf
qkdifwGif 15 BudrfcefY qufoG,f
ajymqk d o d u Rrf ; cJ h o l &ef u k e f
NrdKUae udk -- onf Ekd0ifbm 6
&ufu rHk&GmNrdKUokYd a&muf&Sdvm

NyD; r--tm; &efukefNrdKUodkY aoG;
aqmifjzm;a,mif; ac:aqmif
oGm;um r*FvmawmifGefYNrdKU
e,f&Sd wnf;ckdcef;wpfck om;
r,m;tjzpf aygif;oif;aexkdif
NyD; yg&Sdonfh qGJBudK;? qGJoD;? vuf
aumuf? em;uyfESifh qkdifu,f
wkdYudk vdrfvnf&,loGm;cJhojzihf
qkdif&modkYwdkifwef;cJh&m rHk&GmNrdKU
trSwf 1 &Jpcef;rS udk --tm; (y)
trSwf 637^2011 jypfrq
I idk &f m
Oya' yk'rf 366^ 420 t& trI
zGifh pHpk rf;azmfxw
k v
f su&f o
dS nf/
rdef;uav;i,fxHrS vdrf
vnf&,loGm;aom vuf0wf
vufpm;ESihf qkdifu,frSm pkpk
aygif;wefzdk; usyf 17 odef;cefY

&Sdonf[kqkdonf/
]]'DaeY touft&G,fi,f
wJ h u av;i,f a wG v nf ; tif
wmeufoHk;wm ydkrsm;vmw,f/
i,f&G,folawGtaeeJY tifwm
eufudk toHk;jyKwJhtcg vrf;rSm;
ra&mufatmifawmh rdbawG
apmifMh unfo
h ifw
h ,fvx
Ykd ifw,f/
uav;u tifwmeuftoHk;jyK
wwfwm wkd;wufwJhvuPm
qkdayr,fh tckvdktjzpfqkd;awG
rBuHK&atmif uav;i,fawG
udk tifwmeuftoHk;jyKcsdefrSm
apmifMh unfo
h ifw
h ,f}}[k rH&k mG NrKd U
a'ocH rdbtkyfxdef;olwpfOD;
uajymonf/
,l-23trsdK;om;abmvk;H toif; aMu;&

AdkvfAdkvf0if;
&efukef? Edk0ifbm-21
(26)Burd af jrmuf qD;*dr;f NyKd iyf t
JG
rsdK;om;abmvkH;NydKifyGJ wwd,
ae&mvkyGJpOfwGif jrefrm ,l-23
toif;u AD,uferftoif;tm;
(4-1) *dk;jzifh tEdkif&&SdcJhonf/
jrefrmtoif;onf aemuf
ydik ;f ESprf sm;wGif AD,uferftoif;
ESiahf wGUqkw
H ikd ;f *d;k jywf;HI edrchf NhJ y;D
,ckNyKd iyf \
JG tkypf yk pJG OfwiG v
f nf;
*d;k r&So
d a&uscu
hJ m ,ckwwd,
vkyGJwGifrl *dk;jywf tEdkif,l
wwd, aMu;wHqdyf &&SdcJhjcif;
jzpfonf/
,ckEpS f tif'ekd ;D &Sm;qD;*dr;f
NyKd iyf o
JG Ykd 0ifa&muf,OS Nf yKd iv
f suf
&So
d nfh jrefrmtm;upm;tzGUJ t
aejzifh Edk0ifbm 21 &uf NydKifyGJ
rsm;NyD;qkH;csdefwGif a&T 16? aiG
25? aMu; 32 jzifh Edik if t
H vdu
k t
f
qifh 7 &yfwnfvsuf&Sdonf/
jrefrm ,l-23toif;ESifh AD,uferftoif;wdkY tBudwfte,f,SOfNydKifMupOf
"mwfykH Getty Images
aqmif;&moDwGif rkefwkdif;wpfBudrf jzpfay:EkdifNyD;

tcsdeftcgr[kwf rdk;&GmoGef;Ekdif
xl;oefY
aejynfawmf?
Ekd0ifbm-15
aqmif;&moDtwGif; b*Fvm;
yifv,fatmf rkew
f idk ;f i,fwpf
Budrfjzpfay:Ekdifonfhtjyif av
ayGvdiI ;f rsm;aMumifhvnf; tcsed f
tcgr[kwf rdk;rsm;&GmoGef;Ekdif
aMumif; rdk;av0oESifh ZvaA'
T e f M um;rI O D ; pD ; Xmeu ,aeY
owif;xkwfjyefonf/
tqkdyg Xme\ xkwfjyef
csut
f & b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf
wGif avzdtm;enf;&yf0ef; okH;

Budrfjzpfay:EkdifNyD; wpfBudrfwGif
ydkrdktm;aumif;vmum rkefwkdif;
i,ftjzpfoYkda&muf&EdS idk af Mumif;?
if;tjyif ta&SUbufrS a&GUvsm;
vmaom avayGvidI ;f rsm;ESihf t
aemufbufrS a&GUvsm;vmaom
avayGvidI ;f rsm;\ t&Sed af Mumifh
tcsed t
f cgr[kwf rd;k rsm;&GmoGe;f
EkdifaMumif;vnf; od&Sd&onf/
rdk;&GmoGef;rItaejzifh we
oFm&Dwidk ;f a'oBu;D ? u&ifEiS rhf eG f
jynfe,fwdkYwGif &GmoGef;NrJxuf
ydNk y;D ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f a'oBu;D atmuf

ydkif;? rauG;wdkif;? rEav;wkdif;
a'oBuD;rsm;ESifh &ckdifjynfe,f?
u,m;jynfe,fwdkYwGif &GmoGef;
NrJatmufavsmhusum usefa'
orsm;wGif &GmoGef;NrJcefY &SdEkdif
aMumif;vnf; cefYrSef;csufxkwf
jyefxm;onf/
tcsd e f t cgr[k w f rd k ; &G m
oGef;rIESifhywfouf pdkufysKd;
a&;ynm&Siw
f pfO;D u ]]taumif;
qkH; tBuHjyK&&ifawmh aqmif;
oD;ESHqdkayr,fh a&xkwfajrmif;
udkyg wpfcgwnf; azmufvkyf

xm;zdkY ajymcsifw,f/ aemufNyD;
tyifawG a&'Pf? av'PfcH
EkdifzdkY tm[m&rQrQww auR;
zdkYvnf; vkdtyfw,f/ aemuf
qkH;uawmh rdk;av0oowif;
udk rSefrSefem;axmifzdkYaygh}} [k
tBuHjyKajymMum;onf/
aqmif;&moDwGif xdkuJhodkY
aom tcsdeftcgr[kwf rdk;rsm;
&GmoGef;ygu yJrsKd;pkH oD;ESHrsm;
t"duqkH;IH;EkdifaMumif; od&Sd&
onf/

tif;vsm;uefaygifay:u ,rum0dkif;rsm;
uav;tok;H taqmif
vSwifhaqG (ydef;Zvkyf)
y&dabm*av;awGpw
Hk aUJ e&m
,kZeukdukd
'DwpfywfrSmawmh cspfp
&m uav;toHk;taqmify&d
abm*ypnf;av;awG&dSwJh ae
&mudk vrf;nTefay;csifygw,f/
rdrw
d &Ykd UJ uav;i,fawGudk
cspfp&maumif;vGef;vSwJh y&d
abm*yp n f ; aumif ; aumif ;
av;awGeJYrS tvSqifay;csifyg
w,fqdkwJh rdbawGtwGuf a&G;
cs,f p &mawG rsm;vG e f ; vS w J h
ae&mwpfckyg/
wkwf(wkdifay)uwifoGif;
vmwJh 'D Kids Funiture qkdifrSm
0,f,l&&dSEkdifr,fh ypnf;awGu
rsm;aomtm;jzifh tpkHvkdufawG
rsm;ygw,f/
rl v wef ; Bud K t&G , f t
oufav;ESpaf vmufuae pwif
toHk;jyKEdkifr,fh vSvSyyum
wGef;kyfckwifav;awGudk t
0wfADkdt&Snf? t0wfADdktHqJG?
pmMunfhpm;yJG? tuscsdwfwdkif
tp&dSwJh y&dabm* wpfpkHudk
usyfq,fodef; ckepfaomif;0ef;
usief YJ 0,f,El idk rf mS jzpfygw,f/

rl v wef ; Bud K t&G , f q k d a yr,f h ck w if a v;awG e J Y

qufpyfy&dabm*ypnf;av;awG[m toufwpfq,fh
ig;ESpfausmfausmftxd toHk;jyKvkdY&EdkifwJh t&G,ftpm;
av;awGjzpfygw,f/
ypnf;awGtm;vHk;wpfqufvkduf a&mif;cswm jzpf
ayr,fh wcsdKUa,mufsm;av;? rdef;uav;oHk;awGjzpfwJh
um;yHkpHckwif? vSnf;yHkpHckwifav;awGuawmh usyf
ESpfodef;oHk;aomif;0ef;usifuae av;odef;udk;aomif;
0ef;usifawGeJY oD;oefY 0,f,lEdkifrSmyg/
aemufxyf xl;jcm;vSywJh 'DZkdif;eJYypnf;awGu
awmh oH;k a,muftyd Ef ikd w
f hJ oH;k xyfcw
k ifav;awGyjJ zpfyg
w,f/ tJ'h D ypn;f av;awGuakd wmh usyf ajcmufoed ;f uae
ckepfodef;0ef;usifeJY 0,f,lEkdifygw,f/
vSywJh cspfpzG,f y&dabm*ypnf;av;awGeJY rdrd
wdkY&JUuav;i,fawGukd tvSqifay;csifwJh rdbawGt
aeeJY txufazmfjyygypnf;av;awGudk 0,f,lEdkifr,fh
ae&mawGuawmh
pm(11)okdY
tiff;vsm;uef...
trnf a v;uvS o nf ?
uAsmxJwiG v
f nf;vSonf/0wK
xJwGifvnf;vSonf/ kyf&Sif?
AD ' D , d k x J w G i f v nf ; vS o nf /
eHeufydkif; uRefawmfwdkYvdk usef;
rma&;twGuf vrf;avQmufol
rsm;\ tjrifwGif ydkvdkYyifvSyg
onf/
a&onf vlwdkY\ pdwfudk
MunfEl; &Tifvef;csrf;ajrUapyg
onf / urf ; ajcrsm;jzpf a om
iyvD? aiGaqmif? acsmif;om?
pufpJ? armif;ruefwdkYESifh tif;
av;uef? tif;awmfBuD;? uef
awmfBuD;ponfh a&rsm;&Sdaom
uefBuD;rsm;onf uRefawmfwdkY
Munfhvdkufwdkif; MunfEl;&yg
onf/ xdkYtwl uRefawmfwdkY&JU
tif;vsm;onfvnf; uRefawmf
wdkY Munfhvdkufwdkif; MunfEl;ap
ygonf/

a&jyif u s,f B uD ; teD ;
wG i f cef Y n m;xnf 0 gaom
wuodkvfBuD;ESifh ywf0ef;usif
wGif avSavSmftoif;rsm;? pdrf;
ndKUndKUESifh awmtkyfqefqef
opfyifBuD;rsm;? a&v,fuRef;
qef q ef a wmtk y f r sm;? jynf
vrf;rBuD;ESifh oyf&yfcefYnm;
aom wdkufwmtdrfajcrsm;/
tif;vsm;uefywf0ef;usif
wGifrS uRefawmfwdkY usef;rma&;
vrf;avQmufaeus taemuf
buftjcrf;onf yd
k vSonf[k
xifrdygonf/ vrf;avQmufae
&mrS &G&Gajy;vdkolrsm;? oD;jcm;
acgif;? cg;? ajc? vuf usef;rm
a&;avhusifhvdkolrsm;? cspfp&m
acG;ykav;rsm;ESifhtwl vrf;
avQmufaeaom olrsm;twGuf
uefaygifay:wGif tay:wpf
vrf; atmufwpfvrf;? tarm
ajzp&m a&mifpHkxdkifcHki,frsm;
uvnf; tuGmta0;nDnD? yHkpH
nDnDESifh uefbufudk ai;arm
vsuf ? ck v d k u xd e f & moD w ef
aqmifrek ;f vqef; (Ed0k ifbmv)
ajrmufjyefavrsm; o&rf;vmNyD
qdkrSjzifh a&ay:jzwfoef;vm
onfh a&u usef;rma&;ESifh ydkrdk
nDGwfowJh/ ta&SUajrmufqD
ava0SYvmawmh jynfvrf;ay:
u um;"mwfqDeHY? 'DZ,feHYrsm;
0kdufzD
Muufom;ig;ydtpyfcsuf
Muufom;ig;ydcsuq
f akd yr,fh wdpYk &meJY wdpYk m;&wJih g;ydcsurf sKd ; r[kwf
ygbl;/ Muufom;qDjyefudkyJ yHkpHwpfrsdK;eJYpm;vdkY&atmif csufxm;wm
yg/ trSefawmh &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;awGpm;avh&SdwJh Muufom; ikwf
oD;[if;vdkygyJ/
Muufom;ig;ydcsuftwGuf Muufom;tom; 15 usyfom;?

ig;ydvufzufpm;ZGef;ESpfZGef;pm? c&rf;csOfoD;wpfvHk;? ikwfoD;pdrf;eJY
yifpdrf;&Gufenf;enf;yJvdkygw,f/
uefaygifay: ra&mufawmhbl;
aygh/ odkYaomfa&mufvmonfh
&vmonfh &eHYkdif;eJY jrif&onfh
jrifuGif;u/
uRefawmfaeYpOf reuf 5
em&D 5em&Dct
JG csed cf efY tif;vsm;
ueftaemufbuf uefapmif;
ay:udka&mufwdkif;? jrifuGif;
udk jrif&wdkif; &eHYdkif;udk Ird
wdkif; aqmif;yg;udk a&;rnf
[k BuH&G,frdygonf/ NyD;awmh
tBuHtpnfawGonf aysmuf
aysmufoGm;jyefygonf/
trSefawmh a&;oifh? ra&;
oifhcsichf sed af e&wm? acwfvil ,f
awGqdkawmh 'Daqmif;yg;zwfNyD;
rS ]]bmjzpfvJuGm? udk,fbmom
ud,
k yf u
kd q
f eH ?YJ ud,
k af omufwm?
b,ftcsdef b,fem;aomuf
aomufaygh/ b,faumifh *k
pdkuf&rSmvJ? 'DvlBuD;awG[m
[dk[mydwfyif? 'D[mydwfyifeJY
vmoli,fcsif;wdkY oGm;aomuf
Mu&atmif}}qdrk jS zifh aq;aMumifh
ydak v;oGm;rSmudk pd;k &drrf
d csichf sed f
ae&jcif;ygay/
pm(11)okdY
t&ifq;kH Muufom;udjk yKw?f jyKwNf y;D om;tom;udt

k wH;k ao;ao;
av;awGv;DS xm;ygr,f/ Muufom;udrk jyKwcf ifx;kH pHtwdik ;f t&om?
eEGif;wdkYeJYe,fyg/
[if;csufzdkY yxrqHk;MuufoGefjzLeDqDowfNyD; c&rf;csOfoD;wpf
vH;k yg;yg;vS;D xm;wmxnfyh g/ c&rf;csOo
f ;D vdyo
f mG ;&if a&azsmx
f m;wJh
ig;ydxnfhygr,f/ ig;ydajcmufoGm;NyD; teHYarT;vmwJhtcg axmif;
xm;wJh ikwo
f ;D pdr;f awGxnfyh g/ qm;eJMY uufom;rIeYf enf;enf;vnf;
xnfv
h u
kd yf gOD;/ Ny;D rS Muufom;jyKwt
f wH;k av;awG xnfyh g/ Muufom;
jyKwaf v;awGehJ ig;ydqo
D wfxm;wmav;awG oratmif a&tMurf;
yef;uefvHk; wpf0ufavmufxnfharTNyD;cscgeD;&if yifpdrf;tkyfvdkuf
vdkY&ygw,f/ 'D[if;u eEGif;eJYcsufwmrdkYvdkY ta&mifwifrIefY rxnfhrd
zdv
Yk ykd gw,f/ eEGi;f eJiY kwo
f ;D pdr;f u [if;&JUta&mifukd wpfrsKd ;vSyap
rSmyg/
'gqdk&ifawmhh 0kdufzDy&dowfBuD; 'Dwpfywf&cdkifpwdkif[if;wpf
rsdK;udk yHkpHajymif;csufxm;wJh Muufom;ig;ydtpyfcsufwpfyGJ&ygNyD/
10
Life
uav;oli,ftcGifUta&;rsm;qkdif&m txdrf;trSwfaeh usif;y

jrwfpkrGef
uav;ol i ,f tcG i f h t a&;
rsm;qdkif&m ukvor*nDvmcH
oabmwlpmcsKyfudk jrefrmEdkifiH
u oabmwl vufrSwfa&;xdk;
cJ h o nf h 22 ES p f j ynf h tBud K t
xdr;f trSwyf t
JG jzpf vIid o
f m,m
jrdKUe,f? uav;oli,ftcGifht
a&;qdkif&m txdrf;trSwfae Y
tcrf;tem;udk jrdKUe,ftm;
upm;cef;rwGif ,aeYusif;yjyK
vkyfcJhonf/
vI d i f o m,mjrd K Ue,f w G i f
usif;yonfh txdrf;trSwfaeY
aysmfyGJ&TifyGJodkY World Vision,
Save The Children, The Leprosy Mission International,
ESifh &wemh
arwmponfh jynfwGif;jynfy
NYWCA, WFWP
vlrIa&; tzGJYtpnf;rsm;rS yHhydk;rI

ay;aeonf h uav;i,f r sm;
wufa&mufyg0ifum azsmfajz
a&; tpDtpOfrsm;? aw;okyf
azmfrsm;jyKvkyfum usif;ycJhjyD;
uav;i,frsm;jyKvyk x
f m;onfh
vufrIypnf;rsm;vnf; a&mif;
cscJhonf/
]]&efukefwdkif;xJrSm jrdKUe,f
vlrI0efxrf;t&m&Sd cefYxm;wJh
NrKd Ue,fuav;oli,frsm; qdik &f m
aumfrwDu ajcmufNrdKUe,f&Sdyg
w,f/ 'DaeYtjcm;NrdKUe,f wcsdKU
rSmvnf; uav;oli,ftcGit
hf
a&;rsm;qdkif&m txdrf;trSwf
aeYtcrf;tem;awGvkyfBuyg
w,f}}[k vIdifom,mjrdKUe,f?
uav;oli,f tcGifhta&;rsm;
qdkif&m aumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;
OD;BuD;jrifhu ajymonf/ &yf&Gm

tajcjyKuav;oli,fumuG,f
apmif h a &S m uf a &;vk y f i ef ; rsm;
xda&mufpGm vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef?
uav;oli,fOya'wGif yg0if
onfh uav;tcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk
uav;rsm; &&SdEdkifap&efponf
wdt
Yk wGuf NrKd Ue,fuav;oli,f
rsm;qdik &f m aumfrwDrsm; zGUJ pnf;
xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; 4if;u quf
vuf&Sif;jyonf/
jrefrmEkid if t
H aejzihftqkyd g
pmcsKyfukd 1991 ckESpfwGif vuf
rSwfa&;xdk;cJhjyD; ,ckv 20 &uf
onf uav;oli,ftcGit
hf a&;
rsm;qdkif&m ukvor*nDvmcH
oabmwl pmcsKyfudk oabmwl
vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhonfh 22 ESpf
ajrmufaeY jzpfonf/
oDw*lomoemjyKtzGJYESifhxl;azmifa';&Sif; yl;aygif;um rsufpda0'em&Sifrsm;udk tcrJhcGJpdwf

oef;aX;
oDw*ltjynfjynfqikd &f m omoemjyKtzGUJ ESihf xl;azmifa';&Si;f wdYk yl;aygif;um ucsijf ynfe,f ylwmtdk
NrKd UwGif rsupf d a0'em&Sif 800ausmt
f m; ,ckvqef;ykid ;f u tcrJph rf;oyfuo
k cGpJ w
d af y;cJah Mumif; owif;
&&Sdonf/
Edk0ifbm 5&ufrS 7&uftxd ylwmtdkNrdKU&Sd cdkifjynfolYaq;kHBuD;wGif jynfwGif;jynfyrS q&m0ef?
q&mr39OD;u ylwmtdNk rKd Uay:ESihf teD;tem;&Sad us;&Gmrsm;rS rsupf ad 0'em&Sirf sm;tm; tcrJah q;0g;uko
ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
oDw*lq&mawmfBu;D a'gufwm&Si
f Pd&ESihf xl;azmifa';&Si;f rS tqdyk gaq;kBH u;D twGuf vdt
k yf
aom aq;0g;ud&d,mESifh toHk;taqmifrsm;udkvnf; vSL'gef;cJhaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
11
Life
pm-9? tif;vsm;uefaygifay:u ,rum0dkif;rsm; rS

odkYaomf vli,frsm;tae
jzifh raomuf&rnfhae&mrsm;
wGif aomuf&rnfhtcsdefr[kwf
bJ t&uf a omuf a eonf u d k
jrif&zefrsm;awmh a&;rdygacs
awmhonf/
uReaf wmfi,fi,f touf
10? 11ESpft&G,f 4-5 wef;
(1967?1968)ckEpS af vmufwek ;f
u t&ufESifh ywfoufonhf
tjzpfwpfcu
k kd owd&rdygonf/
tdrfodkY uRefawmfhtazukd Edkif
onfh t&ufaomufwwfaom
{nfhonfrsm;a&mufvmaom
tcg tazu uRefawmfhudk t
&uf0,fcikd ;f wwfonf(tazu
awmh t&ufraomufwwfyg)
tazu ]]om;ES p f v H k ;
avmufoGm;0,fay;prf;yguGm
[dk{nfhonfawGa&mufaevdkY}}
]]om;r0,fcsifygbl;qdk taz
&m om;&Sufw,f}}[k jyefajym
aomtcg ]]vkyfyguGm om;&?
rif;tpfrrdef;cav;awG cdkif;&if
raumif;wwfvyYkd g a&mha&mhrif;
bdkY rkefYzdk; ig;rl;}}ig;rl; (jym; 50)
u xdktcsdefu awmfawmfwef
zdk;&Sdonf/ wkwf ]]tajrmuf}}
acgufqGJqdkifrSm acgufqGJaMumf
wpfxkyfrS wpfusyf/

t&uf a &mif ; wJ h o l [ m
ud k , f a &raumif ; wJ h wk w f
wifNrdKif? oluvnf;uav;rsm;
t&ufvm0,fygu wrwf (25
jym;)xyf a y;avonf / uRef
awmf o nf ab;b,f n mud k
aocsmMunfh vl&iS ;f rS&xm;vrf;
ud k a usmf t&uf j ref j ref 0 ,f ?
ykvif;udk vG,ftdwfpkwfwGi f
xnfhum cyfjrefjrefjyefcJhNyD;
tazhxH ykvif;tyfcJhavonf/
t&ufqikd rf S ay;vdu
k af om wpf
rwfaphukd ajrBuD;rmrmay:cs
acgif;ESifhyef; wpfzufqDudk
zaemifhjzifh q,fcsufpDvSnfhNyD;
a&pifatmifaq;NyD;rS oHk;av
onf/
tJ ' D t &uf q d k i f u d k v nf ;
reuf? aeYv,f b,ft&ufo
rm;rS t0if? txGufr&Sd? nae
6em&DcJG ae0if0;kd w0g;tcsed w
f iG f
rSom [dkMunfhonfMunfh ukwf
acsmif;acsmif; cyf&GH&GHyHkpHjzifh 0if
xGufaeonfudk awGU&\/ vl
opfwdk;vmonfudkum; awmf
awmfESifh rjrif&acs (i,fi,fu
rSwfrdorQ tawGUtBuHK)
uReaf wmfwt
Ykd &G,af &muf
NyD; 20? 21 ESpfrsm;t&G,ft&m
&Sdoifwef;qif;NyD;cgp? pDeD,m
t&m&S d r sm;u t&uf a omuf
onfudk tm;ray;? twif;t
usyfwm;jrpfonf/ 22? 23 ESpf
avmuf a &muf N yD ; enf ; enf ;
av; pD e D , m0if v mawmh r S
t&ufaomufwmudk pepfwus
oifwef;ay;onf/
]]t&uf q d k w m awG U wJ h
t&uf? aygufu&raomuf&
bl ; uG / aemuf x yf t&uf u d k
raomuf&awmhr,fhyHkeJY *kPf
,lNyD;vnf; raomufeJY}}
]]aeYwikd ;f vnf; raomufeYJ
wyfuum;rsm;udk ,mOfrarmif;
&aeY (Dry Day) owfrSwfxm;
ovd k tJ ' D a eY q d k r aomuf e J Y ?
bmoma&;aeYxl;aeYjrwfawG
raomufeJY? pdwfxJpGJrxm;eJY?
oabmuawmh t&ufu vlukd
rEdik zf YkdTraining vkyw
f myJ? aemuf
NyD;awmhtcsdefuGm? reuf aeY
v,fvHk;0raomufeJY? nae pm
pm;cgeD; 2yuf 3yufyJ aomuf}}
ckacwfvli,f? vl&G,frsm;
t&ufqdkif? bD,mqdkifrsm;odkY
tkypf v
k u
kd ?f &J0*hH P
k ,
f pl mG jzifh 0if
xGuaf eMuNy/D taMumif;jycsuf
trsKd;rsKd;ESifh (eHeuf? aeYv,f?
nae? n)tcsdefwdkif; aomuf
aeMuonf/
,ckwifjyr,fh tif;vsm;
uefaygiftaemufbuf uef
aygif k d ; u t&uf 0 d k i f ; rsm;u
tay:uefaygiftvsm;&JU t
v,fwnfhwnfhavmufrSm&SdwJh
tkwfcHkpifay:rSm? tkwfcHkut
ay:rSm uGefu&pfavmif;xm;
onf/ 10 ayywfvnfavmuf
us,fvdrfhrnf/ if;tay:wGif
5a,muf ? 6 a,muf t zG J U t
vdkuf reuf 5 em&DavmufrSm
yif 0dik ;f zGUJ aomufpm;aeonfukd
jrif a e&onf / ck aemuf y d k i f ;
xdkae&mwGifomru uefaygif
&Sd tarmajzp&m a&mifpHkxdkif
cHki,frsm;tay:rSma&m? Mum;
tkwcf w
kH ef;rsm;ay:rSm a&mawGU
ae&onf / 10 ayywf v nf
tkwfcHkBuD;ESifh ay 20 avmuf
wGif trsKd;orD;? trsKd;om;rsm;
vl 50 cefYpka0;aeYpOf usef;
rma&;avhusiahf eMuonf/ if;
t&uf a omuf a omtzG J U rsm;
rSm pD;u&uf? aq;ayghvdyfrsm;
vnf; aomufoHk;ojzifh tajy;
avhusio
hf rl sm;? vrf;avQmufol
rsm;? usef;rma&;avhusifhcef;
qif ; aeol r sm; rnf r Qpd w f
taESmifh t,Sujf zpfMurnfenf;?
([efY wm;rnfh wm0ef&o
dS v
l nf;
rawG U &ay? apmapmpD ; pD ; ay
udk;)
pm;aomufNyD;ygutdwfcGH?
a&oefYbl;cGH? tcsKd &nfbl;cGHESifh
pm;aomuf N yD ; tptersm;yg
usefcJhao;onf/ jzwfoGm;jzwf
vm trsKd;orD;i,frsm;udkvnf;
rMum;0hH? remom &efpatmf
[pfao;onf/ xdo
k il ,frsm;rSm
kyf&nfudk cefYrSef;Munfh&jcif;
"r
w&m;eJha0;&if trSm;rjrif . . .
w&m;rjrifwo
hJ [
l m q&mtrSm;udk ud;k uG,rf w
d wfygw,f/ rSm;rSe;f od&ufeYJ ud;k uG,w
f mawmhr[kwyf gbl;/
trSex
f ifvYdk ud;k uG,w
f myg/ w&m;eJaY 0;ol w&m;rjrifo[
l m oltm;ud;k oifw
h q
hJ &mppf? q&mrSe[
f w
k ?f r[kwcf jJG cm;
a0zefEidk w
f t
hJ odPfenf;ygw,f/ olrsm;ajymwkid ;f vnf; ,Hv
k ,
G w
f wfwt
hJ wGufwpfO;D wpfa,mufu ,Hak vmuf
atmif aoG;aqmif&if trSm;bufuykd goGm;wwfygw,f/ q&mtrSm;udk q&mtrSet
f aeeJY ud;k uG,o
f [
l m w&m;
rjrifwJholyg/ w&m;r&Sdao;&if ukd,fhudk,fukd,fpdwfcsvdkYr&Ekdifygbl;/
ESpEf pS u
f mum w&m;r&Scd &hJ if &wemoH;k yg;eJaY wGUae&wJh 'Db0rSmawmh &wemoH;k yg;ud,
k MkH unfwhJ ouf0ifwhJ
o'gw&m;awGeJY 'DwpfoufrSmjzihf bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm&wemjrwfoHk;yg;rSwpfyg; tjcm;rudk;uG,fawmhbl;?
rqnf;uyfawmhbl;qkdayr,fh ykxkZOfwpfa,muf[m aemufaemifb0awGrSm b,fbmom0iftjzpfeJY b,f
t&mudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfr,fqkdwmraocsmbl;/ pdwfrcsbl;/ aomwmyeft&d,mtqihf ra&mufrcsif;
'D,MkH unfr[
I m rckid Nf raJ o;ygbl;/ t&ifu rSm;csirf mS ;vmEkid w
f ,f/ tck rSeaf eayr,fh aemifukd rSm;Ekid yf gao;w,f/
b,fawmhrS rrSm;atmif w&m;"rusiBfh uNH y;D awmh t&d,mtqifah &mufatmif tm;xkwzf v
Ydk t
kd yfw,f/ ud;k uG,f
qnf;uyfwq
hJ &mrSm;oGm;vdYk 'Db0wGirf u oHo&m wpfcv
k ;kH qif;&J'u
k a &mufEidk w
f hJ tjzpfq;dk rsK;d BuHKEidk af o;wm
[m w&m;rjrifol&JUjzpfpOfwpfckomjzpfw,f/
&nfTef;-]"rvrf;ay:rSm} "r'lwa'gufwmt&Sifynd&
tarUtdrfynm'geausmif;odkh a':atmifqef;pkMunfESifUtwl NAdwdef0efBuD;oGm;a&muf

aevif;xGef;
ynma&;qkdif&m yhHykd;ulnDrIrsm; aqmif&Guf&ef vIdifom,mNrdKUe,f&Sd tarhtdrfynm'geausmif;okdY NAdwdefEkdifiH\ EkdifiHwumzGHUNzdK;wkd;wuf
a&;XmerS 0efBuD;jzpfol t,fefj'L;rpfcs,fvfoGm;a&mufavhvmMunfhIcJhaMumif; od&onf/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfESifh rpwmt,fefj'L;rpfcs,fvfwkdYonf ,ckv 17&ufwGif tqkdygausmif;okdYoGm;a&muf ausmif;om;i,f
av;rsm;? q&mrsm;? ausmif;om;rdbrsm;ESifh awGUqkHodvkdonfrsm;ukd ar;jref;cJhMuonf/
]]a':pkeYJ ,lau0efMu;D wkYd c&D;pOf[m tarhtrd yf nma&;uGe&f ufBudK;yrf;aqmif&u
G rf &I UJ orkid ;f rSww
f idk w
f pfcpk u
dk x
f El idk w
f hJ aeYwpfaeYygyJ/
uav;awG&JU tem*wfynma&;ay:rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljzpfygr,f}} [k tarhtdrfynma&;aumfrwD0ifwpfOD;u qkdonf/
NAdwdefEdkifiH\ EkdifiHwumzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;0efBuD;\ c&D;pOfwGif jrefrmuav;i,f 277000OD;tm; tajccHynmrlvwef;ausmif;
wufa&mufEkdifa&;twGuf axmufyhHay;rnfh tpDtpOfvnf; yg0ifcJhaMumif; od&onf/
,mOfwdrf;arSmuf aoqHk;? 'Pf&m&olrsm;udk rxota0;ajy;u avsmfaMu;ay;

ausmfoD[
c&D;onf 12OD;aoqk;H cJah om &ef
ukef-rEav;ajy;qGJonfh e,l;
rE v mxG e f ; ta0;ajy;,mOf
wdrf;arSmufrI t"dutaMumif;
&if;rSm armfawmf,mOftydkbD;
jyKwfusrIaMumifhjzpfyGm;aMumif;
oufqidk &f mu owif;xkwjf yef
onf/
Ekd0ifbmv 13 &uf eHeuf
apmapmykdif;u wdrf;arSmufcJh
aom e,l;rEvmxGe;f ta0;ajy;
,mOfwdrf;arSmufrIjzpfpOfwGif
c&D;onf 12 OD;aoqHk;cJh&NyD;
trsKd;om;&SpfOD;? trsKd;orD;oHk;
OD;? ajcmufEpS t
f &G,f rde;f uav;
wpfOD; pkpkaygif; 12 OD;aoqHk;cJh
um c&D;onf 27 OD; 'Pf&m &&Scd hJ
onf/ c&D;pOfwGif &efukef-rE
av;tjrefvrf;twkdif; armif;
ESifvmaom e,l;rEvmxGef;
ta0;ajy;,mOfrmS wHwm;OD;wk;d
*dwt
f eD; rkid w
f idk f 335 ta&muf
tm;jzifhvlrsKd;jcm;? bmomjcm;
rjzpfEdkifbJ Ak'bmom jrefrm
vl r sKd ; vl i ,f v l & G , f r sm;yif
wnf;/ aeYpOfawGUyg\/ awGU
wdkif;&ifarm&yg\/
trSeaf wmh tif;vsm;tvS
onf jrefrmjynfxJwGifyif&Sdyg
onf / tif ; vsm;tvS o nf
&efukefwGifom&Sdygonf/ tif;
wdrf;arSmufrIjzpfcJhonhf e,l;rEvmxGef; c&D;onfwif,mOf
vrf ; ab;xk d ; qif ; um wd r f ;

arSmufrIjzpfyGm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
&ef u k e f w k d i f ; a'oBuD ;
ta0;ajy; rxorS aoqH;k olEiS fh
'Pf & m&ol r sm;tm; vl r I a &;
axmufyHhaiGtjzpf &efukef {&d
,mwGi;f rS c&D;onfaoqH;k ESpOf ;D
tm;wpfO;D vQif usyo
f ;kH ode;f ay;
tyf&ef&SdNyD; 'Pf&m&&Sdol ckepf
OD;tm;wpfO;D vQif usyf wpfoed ;f
ay;tyfcJhaMumif; tqkdygXmerS
wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;uqkdonf/
]]aoqHk;wJh c&D;onfawG
xJrSm &efukefu ESpfOD;ygw,f/
'DaeYtxd wpfOD;udk axmufyHh
aiGay;NyD;NyD/ wpfOD;usefao;
w,f / 'Pf & m&ol ck e pf O D ; u
awmh ajrmufOuvmyaq;Hrk mS
axmuf y H h a iG a y;NyD ; ygNyD } } [k
ta0;ajy; rxorS wm0ef&Sdol
vsm;uef\ tvS a&&Snfwnf

wHah &;twGuf trsK;d om;a&;wm
0efrSm uRefawmf? uRefrwdkYwGif
&Syd gonf/ ,ckvil ,frsm; vlBuD;
jzpfvmcsdefwGif ,ckvlBuD;rsm;
uJo
h Ykd tif;vsm;uef\ tvSty
udk cHpm;Edkif&ef ,ckvli,fvl
&G , f r sm;rS m vnf ; wm0ef & S d y g
onf/
atmifqef;uGif;? ajrmufbuf
Oya'wpf & yf xk w f j yef wef;eJY apmfbmG ;BuD;uke;f teD;u
wm;jrpfuefYowfrS vdkufrvkyf q,frkdifukef;tqif;em;rSm&dSwJh
wm rjzpfapbJ vli,frsm;? rdrd Toe Zan Funiture qdik af wGrmS yJ
todjzifh vdu
k ef mrSom,Ofaus; jzpfygw,f/ qkdif&JUxl;jcm;csuf
aom EdkifiHBuD;om;rsm; ('Drdku uawmh owfrSwfaps;EIef;rsm;
a&pDEdkifiHom;)yDovmygrnf/ twkdif;om 0,f,l&&dSEkdifwmr
wm;jrpfcsuq
f ikd ;f bkwBf u;D aMumifh [kwfbJ 0,f,lolawGtaeeJY
tif;vsm;ueftvSysufoGm;NyD; aps;EIef;rsm;udk ndIEdIif;0,f,lEkdif
vlrsK;d *kPo
f u
d m xdyg;Edik yf gonf/ rSmjzpfygw,f/
wpfOD;uqkdonf/
xkdYtjyif xdckdufaoqHk;ol
c&D;oGm;rsm;\ c&D;oGm;tmrcH
aMu;&&Sd&efvnf; aqmif&Guf
ay;vsuf&SdaMumif;od&onf/
pm-9? uav;
tokH;taqmif
y&dabm*av;awG
pkHwJhae&m rS
12
Home
uav;oli,f nOf;yef;ESdyfpufrIEIef; ,ckESpftwGif; ykdrdkrsm;jym;vm[k World Vision wm0ef&SdolajymMum;
oD[
&efukef?Edk0ifbm-17
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uav;oli,fnOf;yef;ESdyfpufrIrsm;onf ,ckESpftwGif; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmaMumif; uav;oli,fumuG,fapmifah &Smufa&;vkyf
ief;rsm;vkyu
f dkifvsuf&Sdonfh EdkifiHwumtifef*sDtdkwpfckjzpfonfh World VisionrSod&onf/
tqdkyg tifef*sDtdk\ uav;oli,fumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonfh pDrHudef;{&d,mrsm;twGif; vGefcJh
onfh 2005 rS 2010jynfEh pS t
f xd World Vision e,fajrcH;kH rsm;rS owif;ydrYk w
I iG f uav;oli,fnO ;f yef;ESyd pf ufraI ygif; 19 ckom&Scd ahJ Mumif;
od&onf/ odaYk omf ,ckEpS f 2011 wpfEpS t
f wGi;f wGif World Visione,fajrcH;kH rsm;\owif;ay;ydrYk t
I & 18 cktxdw;kd jrifv
h mcJNh y;D ,if;rSm vGecf hJ
onfh ajcmufESpfESifh ,ckESpfEdIif;,SOfyguyrmPrsm;pGm wufvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; World Vision rSuav;oli,f umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;
enf;ynmwm0efcH udkjrwfrif;oluajymonf/
txufygnO;f yef;EdyS pf ufrrI sm;wGif uav;oli,frsm;tm; vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f mtMurf;zufonfh trIrsm;rSm trsm;qH;k jzpfNy;D vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m
tMurf;zufcH&onfh touft&G,frSmvnf; ysrf;rQtm;jzifh touf ckepfatmuft&G,frsm;jzpfMuNyD; toufti,fqHk;rSm av;ESpfcGJt&G,frS
ESpfvom;t&G,ftxdyif&SdaMumif; od&onf/ NAdwdef&JwyfzGJUESifh pdwfynm&Sifrsm; yl;aygif;aumuf,lcJhonfh ppfwrf;rsm;t& urmay:wGif
uav;oli,frsm;tm; vdifydkif;qdkif&m tMurf;zufrI usL;vGefolrsm;\ 58 &mcdkifEIef;rSm zcift&if;rsm;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
]]'Dupd a wGu wu,fawmh 0rf;ajrmufp&maumif;wJ?h BuKd qpkd &maumif;wJo
h wif;awGawmh r[kwyf gbl;/ 0rf;enf;p&maumif;wJh owif;
awGjzpfyg w,f}}[k udkjrwfrif;olu qufvufajymMum;onf/
pm-4? jynfwGif;xGufrnfU pyg;tvm;tvmwGufNyD;rS jynfyydkhrnfU yrmPqkH;jzwf&ef v,f^qnf0efBuD;ajym rS

vuf&SdtdEd,EkdifiHonf tmz
&duodYk 25 rSwq
f ef wpfwefvQif
uefa':vm 350jzifh wifyaYkd eNy;D
jrefrmhqefrSm wpfwefudk uef
a':vm 360&Sdojzifh aps;uGuf
aysmufqkH;vmjcif;jzpfaMumif;
xdktjyif tar&duudk qefwif
yd&Yk mwGif tdE,
d Ekid if o
H nf jrefrm
Ek d i f i H x uf uk e f u sp&d w f yd k r d k
oufomjcif;aMumifjh zpfaMumif;
udkvnf; txufygvkyfief;&Sif
uqkdonf/
]] tdwpf ydrYk &Sad wmh 25 rSwf
u aps;uGux
f rJ &So
d avmufb/J
&S&d ifvnf; wpftw
d u
f kd 11000
usy0f ef;usio
f m&Sw
d ,f}} [k vrf;
rawmfarmfwifrS qefukefonf
wpfOD;u qkdonf/
jynfyokdY wifydkYEkdifrI r&Sd
onfhtwGuf jynfwGif;qefaps;
rSmvnf; ,cifvuESihf EIid ;f ,SOf
vQif wpftdwfvQif usyf 1000
ausmfaps;usvmonf/ vuf&Sd
&efuek af ps;uGuw
f iG f ZD,m(&S,)f
wpftw
d o
f nf usyf 13000 0ef;
usifom&Sdonf/ qefacsm{&m
0wDrS ay:qef;topfwGif wpf
tdwv
f Qiu
f syf 20000 0ef;usif
ESifh ta[mif;rSm usyf 25000
0ef;usifom&Sdonf/
,if;aMumifh qefMurf;pyg;
aps;rSm usyf300000rS 350000
Mum; aps;&SdNyD; qefacsmpyg;
aps;rSm usyf 520000rS 550
000 Mum;&Sdonf/ ,cifESpfu
pyg;topf a y:csd e f w G i f qef
Murf;pyg;aps;onf usyf350000
wGifpwifaps;zGichf o
hJ nf/qefacsm
pyg;rSmvnf; topfay:csed w
f iG f
600000 rS 650000 Mum;&Sd
aMumif; od&onf/
pyg;ay:csed w
f iG f awmifol
v,form;rsm; tIH;ray:ap
&ef tpdk;&ESifh qefukefonfBuD;
rsm; zufpyfaiGaMu;pdkufxkwf
um tajccHaps;EIef;wpfckjzifh
owfrSwfNyD; EkdifiHawmf\ t&ef
qef0,f,l&efpDpOfxm;aMumif;
orwOD;odef;pdefu Mo*kwfv
rdefYcGef;wGif ajymcJhonf/
NyD;cJhonfh 2010-2011
b@ma&;ESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiH
rS qefwefcsdef 5 'or 37 odef;
wifycYkd NhJ y;D ,ckEpS w
f iG f av;ode;f
eD;yg;wifydkYNyD;jzpfonf/
rsufESmzkH;-a':atmifqef;pkMunf
a&G;aumufyGJ0ifrnf rS
zJGUpnf;ykHudk av;pm;vkdufemrnf[kjyifqifvkdufjcif;ESifh vTwf
awmfem,uu 1990a&G;aumufyGJ&v'fudk todtrSwfjyK
aMumif; rD'D,mrsm;odkY ajymMum;cJhjcif; ponfhtcsufrsm;onf
ygwDrSwfykHwif&ef vufcHxkdufaom taMumif;t&mrsm;jzpf
aMumif; a':atmifqef;pkMunfu qufvufajymMum;onf/
]]tifet
f ,fv'f u
D 0ifNyKd irf ,fq&kd if 0efxrf;awGyt
J rsm;pk
&SdwJh aejynfawmfudka&Smifr,fvdkYxifw,f/ tJ'Dawmh jynfr
rSm tifet
f ,fv'f u
D t"du0ifNyKd irf ,fvx
Ykd ifw,f}} [k jynfoYl
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f OD;&JxGef;u okH;oyfajymMum;onf/
]]ae&m40ausmef Ybmvk
J
yf&rSmvJvYkdajymwJo
h al wG &Syd gw,f/
tJ'D 40ausmaf e&m tm;vk;H rSm tEkid &f atmifvyk Nf y;D BuKd ;pm;Muyg
vdkYyJ wkdufwGef;ygw,f}} [k a':atmifqef;pkMunfu ajymMum;
cJhonf/
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyJG vpfvyfae&mrsm;rSm wpfEkdifiHvkH;
taetxm;t& 48 ae&m&SdNyD; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf 6 ae&m?
wkdif;a'oBuD; vTwfawmf 2ae&m? jynfolYvTwfawmfae&m 40
wdkYjzpfonf/
tqkyd gvpfvyfae&m 48ae&mwGif 0ifNyKd i&f eftwGuf ygwD
twGif; a&G;cs,f&mwGif oabmxm;BuD;BuD;ESifh tem*wfudk
MunhfNyD; a&G;cs,f&rnfjzpfum xkda&G;cs,frIonf prf;oyfrI
wpf&yfjzpfonf[k a':atmifqef;pkMunfu xyfavmif;ajym
Mum;onf/
vGe;f
ydefvGef;olrsm;
0wf&nf
b0wGif atmifjrifrIrsm;&&Sd&ef
atmifjrifvkdolwkdif;u rdrd
wdkY\ tcsdefrsm;udk tusKd;&Sd&Sd
tok;H csMuonf/b0wGifatmif
jrif r I r sm;? <u,f 0 rI r sm;onf
ta&;BuD;onf rSefaomfvnf;
xdt
k &mrsm;udk pHpm;Ekid &f efuse;f
rmaysmf&Tifae&efvnf; txl;
vkdtyfonf/
usef;rma&;aumif;rGefjcif;qdkonfrSm tema&m*g
uif;&Si;f k?H ud,
k v
f uft*Fgjynfph Hk Hk r[kwb
f J pdwyf ikd ;f qkid &f m
csr;f omrSom jynfph EHk idk Nf y;D xdu
k o
hJ Ykd use;f rmjcif;? use;f rmae
onht
f csed w
f iG f use;f rmjcif;tusK;d udk tav;xm;rIenf;yg;
aMumif; om;zGm;rD;,yftxl;ukq&m0efBu;D wGzJ ufygarmu
a'gufwm pd;k vGiu

f ok;H oyfonf/
vltrsm;pkonf tvSty
twG u f tmk H p d k u f r I r sm;Mu
aomfvnf; usef;rmaom tajc
taewpfckjzpfay:&efudkrl tm
kpH ;l pku
d rf I enf;yg;aeao;onf/
vlwpfOD;onf &Sdoifhonfh
ud,
k t
f av;csed w
f pfct
k m; rjzpf
rae xde;f odr;f xm;oifNh y;D 0vGe;f
aom cEmudk,ftav;csdef? ydef
vGef;aom tpGef;a&muf tajc
taersm;u aemufqufwJG
usef ; rma&;tm; xd c d k u f v m
Ek d i f a paMumif ; od & onf / xd k
0jcif;? ydefjcif;rSmvnf; aeYpOf
pm;okH;onfh tpm;taomuf
rsm;\ pm;okH;rIykHpH? yg0ifaom
u,fvdk&Drsm;? tjcm;tajct
aersm;u jzpfay:apaMumif;
od&onf/
0vGef;jcif;? ydefvGef;jcif;
\ aemufwGif a&m*grsm;vnf;
uyfNyD;ygvmavh&SdMuonf/ t
vGef0onfh cEmudk,fonf uif
qma&m*grsm;tm; zdwfac:ae
NyD; &ifom;uifqm? om;tdrf
ud,
k x
f nfuifqm? tlrBuD;uif
qm? onf;ajctdwfuifqmrsm;
jzpfyGm;apEkdifonfh tvm;t
vmvnf; rsm;jym;aMumif; od&
onf/
]]odyf0vm&if vIyf&Sm;rI
awG aES ; auG ; vmw,f / ajc
axmufu cEmud,
k t
f av;csed f
ud k o,f x m;&wm jzpf w J h t
wGuf Mum&if'Pf&m&vmw,f/
'l;awG emvmMuw,f/ vIyf&Sm;

rIenf;yg;vmwJhtwGuf udk,fh
udk,fudk,f ,kHMunfrIawGvnf;
enf;yg;vmw,f}} [k a'gufwm
pkd;vGifu ajymonf/
ud k , f 0 ef a qmif c sd e f w G i f
vnf ; jyemrsm; &if q k d i f &
EkdifNyD; aygifrjynfhonfh uav;
arG;zGm;Ekid jf cif; ponfrsm;tjyif
cJGpdwfNyD;onhftcgwGifvnf;
temusufjcif;aES;jcif;? aoG;
aMumrsm; ydwfjcif;ponfrsm;
cHpm;&Ekdifonf/
ydefonfh olrsm;wGifvnf;
tqDenf;yg;ojzifh tqDrSwpf
qifh jzpfay:vmonfh ra[mf
rke;f rsm;enf;yg;cEmud,
k t
f vSt
yrsm; rjzpfvmjcif;? pm(30)okdY
ta&jym;uifqm
oD[
cEmud,
k t
f wGi;f ESihf tjyif&dS t*Fgtpdwt
f ydik ;f rsm;tm; qJv[
f ak c:onfh t&mrsm;ESihf zGpYJ nf;xm;
jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkqJvfrsm;onf &Sdoifhonfhae&mwGif &SdraevQifaomfvnf;aumif;? yGm;rsm;oifh
onhf ta&twGufxuf tqrsm;pGm yGm;rsm;aevQifaomfvnf;aumif; taMumif;wpfpHkwpf&m
aMumifh azmufjyefajymif;vJomG ;vQiaf omfvnf;aumif; uifqm[lonfah &m*gjzpfymG ;wwfonf
[k ynm&Sifrsm;uqdkonf/
cEmudk,f\ tBuD;rm;qHk;
t*Fg[k ac:qdkMuonfh ta&
jym;onfvnf; qJvfrsm;ESifh zGJU
pnf;xm;onfh t*Fgjzpfonfh
tm;avsmpf mG uifqmjzpfymG ;Edik f
onhf tcGifhtvrf;rsm;vnf;&Sd
onf/
ta&jym;wGifjzpfyGm;wwf
onfu
h ifqmtm; ta&jym;uif
qm[k ac:qd k M uNyD ; jzpf y G m ;
wwfonfh trsdK;tpm;oHk;rsdK;cGJ
jcm;Edkifonf[k od&onf/
tqdkyg oHk;rsdK;rSm rSJUuif
qm? ta&jym;atmuf a jc&S d
qJvfrsm;jzpfaom Basal Cells
Carcinoma BCC rsm;azmufjyef
jzpfyGm;onfh uifqmESifh t
a&jym;tay:,H&SdqJvfrsm;jzpf
onfh Squamous Cells Carcinoma SCC rsm;azmufjyef
jzpfyGm;onfh uifqmrsm;[l
cGjJ cm;Edik af Mumif; ta&jym;txl;
ukq&m0efa'gufwmvif;xuf
uajymonf/
tqdkyg ta&jym;uifqm
oHk;rsdK;wGif rSJUuifqmonf od
omxif&Sm;rI ydk&SdNyD; cGJjcm;&ef
vnf;vG,u
f al Mumif;od&onf/
ta&jym;wGif jzpfymG ;onfh
uifqmrsm;onf vltrsm;\
vlaerIpdkufrsm;ajymif;vJoGm;
jcif;? tdkZkef;vTmyg;um aea&mif
jcnfwiG yf g0ifonfh uifqmjzpf
aponfh"mwfypn;f rsm; ydrk ykd g0if
vmjcif;? 0wfqifaom t0wft
pm;yHkpHrsm;ajymif;vJvmjcif;wdkY
aMumifh urmESifht0ef;wGif t
a&jym;uifqm jzpfyGm;rI ydkrdk
rsm;jym;vmaMumif; od&onf/
taemuf w d k i f ; om;rsm;
onf ,if;wdkY\ ta&jym;tm;

aeavmifcHonfh tavhtx
rsm;aMumifhvnf; ta&jym;uif
qmjzpfyGm;rI ydkrdkrsm;jym;vm
aMumif; od&onf/
BCC, SCC aMumifhjzpfyGm;
onfhta&jym;uifqmrsm; onf
"mwkaA'ypnf;rsm;xdawGUrI
rsm;jym;jcif;? rD;cdk;trIefrsm; xd
awG U rI r sm;jym;jcif ; wd k Y a Mumif h
vnf; jzpfyGm;EdkifaMumif; od&
onf/ ta&jym;uifqm oHk;rsdK;
wGif rSJUuifqmonf ta&jym;
ay:&SdrSJUrsm; kwfw&ufajymif;
vJ o G m ;jcif ; ?,cif r S J U r&S d o nf h
ae&mwGif kwfw&ufrSJUayguf
vmjcif; &ufydkif;vydkif;twGif;
wGif kwfw&ufrSJUBuD;xGm;vm
jcif;? rSJUkwfw&uf ta&mif
ajymif;oGm;jcif;? rawmfwq
ukwjf cpfr&d mrS rSUJ ae&mwGif aoG;

xGufjcif; ponfh tjcif;t&m
rsm;tay:tajccH rSJUuifqm
[kwf?r[kwfukd cGJjcm;od&SdEdkif
aMumif; od&onf/
xdt
Yk jyif rSUJ \ab;EIwcf rf;
om;rsm; rnDrnmxdk;xGufvm
jcif;?rSJUBuD;xGm;vmyguvnf;
BuD;xGm;rI rnDrQjcif; tp&So
d nfh
tcsuftvufrsm;jzifhvnf; rSJU
uifqmudk cefYrSef;EdkifaMumif;
od&onf/
tjcm;uifqmESpfrsdK;jzpf
onfh SCC ESifh BCC aMumifhjzpf
yGm;onfh uifqmrsm;rSm ta&
jym;ay:&Sd omreftzkav;rsm;rS
temjzpfvmjcif;? temBuD;vm
jcif;?tcsdefMumonftxd tem
rusuf j cif ; ? temwG i f w G i f ;
aygufjzpfjcif;?temab;wGif
EIwfcrf;om;rsm;vHk;aejcif; p
onfhvuPmrsm;udkMunfhjcif;
jzifh cGJjcm;EdkifaMumif; od&onf/
xdkYtjyif SCC aMumifhjzpf
yGm;onfh ta&jym;uifqmwGif
ta&jym;tay:,HtvTmrsm; eD
&Jaejcif;?ta&jym;wGif tzwf
vefaejcif;?ta&jym;ay:wGif
ayG;uGufuJhodkY tuGufjzpfay:
aeaomfvnf; ,m;,HrIr&Sdjcif;?
ta&jym;ay:wGif&Sdonfh vef
aeonf h tzwf a v;rsm;rS yJ h
xG u f u m temjzpf y G m ;jcif ; p
onfwdkY jzpfyGm;vmyguvnf;
oHo,&SdEdkifaMumif; od&onf/
SCC aMumifhjzpfyGm;onfh
ta&jym;uif q monf ta&
jym;tay:,HtvTmwGif jzpfyGm;
onfhtwGuf uifqmqJvfrsm;
ab;odkYysHUESHYoGm;avh&SdNyD; BCC
aMumifhjzpfonfh ta&jym;uif
qmonf ta&jym;\atmuf
ajcwGijf zpfymG ;onfh uifqmjzpf
ojzihf uifqmqJvrf sm;onfh t
a&jym;\ twGif;odkYom xdk;0if
oGm;avh&SdaMumif; a'gufwm
vif;xufuajymonf/
pm(30)okdY
14
Health
yckuLa&ab;oifUa'owGif
oufBuD;&G,ftkdtrsm;pk aoG;wkd;a&m*gcHpm;ae&
oef;aX;
qdyfjzL? Ekd0ifbm - 13
yckuLa&ab;oifha'orsm;wGif aexkdifaom a'ocHaus;&Gm
ol? aus;&Gmom;rsm;xJrStouft&G,Bf u;D oltrsm;pk aoG;wk;d
a&m*g&Sad eaMumif; ,if;a'o&Sd aus;vufuse;f rma&;rSL;wpf
OD;uajymonf/
]]olwaYdk wGtrsm;pku tpm;taomufawGukd iefiefav;rS
pm;Muwm&,f a&&Sncf aH tmif qm;e,fxm;wJh ig;qm;e,f? ig;
ajcmuf? ig;jcrf;awGudkavSmifNyD; pm;Muwm&,f? aeylxJrSmt
vkyv
f yk Mf u&wm&,faMumifyh g}}[k if;u 7Day News okaYd jym
onf/
a&ab;oifha'orsm;jzpfaom rauG;wkdif;a'oBuD;
yckuLckdiftwGif;&Sd touf 45ESpftxuf trsKd;om;BuD;?
trsK;d orD;BuD;\ 50 &mckid Ef eI ;f ausmrf mS aoG;wk;d a&m*g a0'em
&Sifrsm;jzpfaeaMumif; if;uqufvufajymonf/
a'ocH aus;&Gmol? aus;&Gmom; touft&G,fBuD;ol
rsm;\ tay:aoG;aygifcsdefrSm 160 rS 200 txdyif&SdaeMu
aomfvnf; omrefvlrsm;uJhodkY oGm;vmaeMuaMumif; awGU
&Sd&onf/
]]uRefrwkdYawGqkd tay: aoG;aygifcsdef 140 ausmf&if ae
vkdYr&awmhbl;/ olwkdYawGusawmh at;at;aq;aq;yJoGm;
vmaeMuwm}}[k a&ab;vSL'gef;a&;tzGJU0ifwpfOD;uajym
onf/
odkY&mwGif aoG;wkd;vm avjzwfa&m*gcHpm;&vmEkdif
aomaMumifh use;f rma&;todynmay;jcif;rsm; jyKvyk af eMu&
aMumif;owif;&&Sdonf/
kyfoHMunfUIrIrsm;aom trsKd;orD;rsm; pdwfusa&m*gjzpfEkdifajcrsm;

vef'ef? Ekd0ifbm - 15
kyfoHMunfhIrIrsm;jcif; (odkYr
[kwf) avhusihfcef; vHkavmuf
pG m rvk y f a qmif j cif ; wd k Y o nf
toufBuD;onfh trsKd;orD;rsm;
tm; pd w f u sa&m*gjzpf a pEk d i f
aMumif; avhvmrItopfwpfck
wGifazmfjyonf/
tar&d u ef E k d i f i H r S aq;
ynm*sme,f Journal of Epidemiology wGif azmfjycJhonfh
,if ; ok a woet& avh u sif h
cef ; vk y f a omtrsKd ; orD ; rsm;
onf rvkyfaom trsKd;orD;rsm;

xuf pdwu
f sa&m*gjzpfEidk af jc 20
&mckdifEIef;ydkenf;aMumif; od&
onf/ xkdYtjyif okawoeu
trsKd;orD;rsm;onf tywfpOf
kyfoHMunfhIrIydkrsm;av pdwf
usa&m*g 0ifEidk af jcydrk sm;avjzpf
aMumif;qkdonf/
okawoeppfwrf;udk a&;
om;chJonfh ynm&Sif rkdufu,f
vl;uyfpfu ]]ukd,fum,vIyf
&Sm;rIjrihfrm;wJholawG[m pdwf
usa&m*gjzpfEkdifajcydkenf;yg;yg
w,f}}[kajymonf/ if;onf
abmfpwGefNrdKUtajcpkduf [m;
AwfjynfolYusef;rma&;ausmif;
rSjzpfNyD; ,ckokawoeudk t
ar&duefolemjyKq&mrrsm;\
usef;rma&;taMumif; avhvm
csufrsm;\ wpfpdwfwpfydkif;t
jzpf jyKvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
okawoewGif trsKd;orD;
50000 eD;yg;udk tao;pdwf
avhvmcJhonf/ if;wkdY\ 1992
rS 2000 jynfhESpftxd tywf
pOf kyo
f MH unfch sed Ef iS t
fh wl vrf;
avQmufy?kH a&ul;yH?k ajy;yHk ponfh

ukd,fvufvIyf&Sm;yHkESifh ywf
oufonfhar;cGef;rsm; ar;jref;
xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
okawoeu wpfaeYvQif
rdepf90ESit
fh xuf yd
k avh usifh
cef ; vk y f o l r sm;onf wpf a eY
vQif 10 rdepfESihf atmufom
avhusihfcef;vkyfaom trsKd;
orD;rsm;xuf pdwfusa&m*g0if
Ekdifajc 20 &mckdifEIef; enf;yg;
aMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/
Ref: Telegraph
&ifcsif;quftjrTmcGJpdwf&ef EkdifiHawmfESifh uav;aq;kHBuD;wkdYu usyfodef;350cefY tukeftuscH

oD[
&efukef?Edk0ifbm-16
wpfvtwGif; ESpfBudrfcGJpdwfcJhonfh &ifcsif;quftjrTmESpfwGJtwGuf EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&ESifh uav;aq;HkBuD;wdkYu usyfodef;aygif;
350 cefYtukeftuscHcGJpdwfay;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
&efukefuav;aq;HkBuD; ,ckv 16 &ufu wpfvtwGif; 'kwd,ajrmuf&ifcsif;quftjrTmjzpfonfh armif&efuif;ESifh
armif&ef&Sif;wdkYtm; cGJpdwfrIjyKvkyfay;cJhNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH\ &ifcsif;quftjrTmrsm;xJwGif yxrqHk;aom a,musFm;av;&ifcsif;
quftjrTmjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
,aeYcpJG w
d o
f nfh &ifcsi;f quftjrmT nDtpfurkd mS ,cif&ifcsi;f quftjrmT rsm;uJo
h yYkd if tonf;ESi&hf ifneT Yf ;kd qufaejcif;jzpfNy;D
,cktwGo
J nfqufonfh tquftenf;i,f ydrk sm;aMumif; od&onf/ odaYk omf cGpJ w
d pf OfwiG f xl;xl;jcm;jcm;tcuftcJr&Scd ahJ Mumif;
OD;aqmifcGJpdwfcJhonfh uav;cGJpdwftxl;ukq&m0efBuD; ygarmua'gufwmxl;[efuajymonf/
tqdkyg &ifcsif;quftwGJrsm;tm; NyD;cJhonfhESpfuyif cGJpdwf&ef tpDtpOf&SdcJhaomfvnf; a&G;aumufyGJumvESifh wdkufqdkifae
ojzifh ,ckESpfrS cGJpdwf&jcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
Vol.10,
Vol.10,
No.36
No.13
November
June 16, 24
2011
, 2011
oD;ESpfoD; rEav;wGif azsmfajzrnf

nDnDaZmf
rEav;? Ekd0ifbm - 19
oD;av;oD;aq;a&mifpHktNidrfYrS
tEkynm&SiftcsdKUonf jrefrm
EdkifiHudk,ft*Fg roefpGrf;olrsm;
toif ; (rE a v;) &ef y H k a iG t
wGuf rEav;NrdKUwGif ujyazsmf
ajzrnfjzpfaMumif;owif;&&Sd
onf/
if ; azsmf a jzyG J u d k 2011
ckESpf Edk0ifbm 26 &uf(paeaeY)
nae 6 em&D w G i f trsd K ;om;
a,murxHrS odef; 300 ausmfwefzkd;&Sd

a&T? aiGrsm; ckd;,lonfUorufudk zrf;rd
uZmwf H k ( rE a v;) usif ; y

rnfjzpfNy;D acgif;aqmifrif;orD;
acsmpkrsdK;? a&SUxGuf rif;orD;
opfopfviG ?f vl&iT af wmf pdeo
f ;D ?
ZD;oD;? a*:ZDvm? uif;aumif?
ausmfxl; wdkYyg0ifazsmfajzrnf
jzpfonf/
vufrSwfc EIef;xm;rsm;
rSm usyf 10000? 5000? 3000
wdkYjzpfNyD; toif;0ifrsm; tcrJh
MunfhIEdkif&ef pDpOfxm;aMumif;
owif;&&Sdonf/
nDnDaZmf
roefpGrf;olrsm; rEav;-aejynfawmfc&D;&Snfudk
wGef;vSnf;? pufbD;rsm;jzifhoGm;rnf
nDnDaZmf
rEav;? Ekd0ifbm - 19
jrefrmEkdifiHtxufykdif;rS roefpGrf;tm;upm;orm;rsm;onf tjynfjynfqdkif&m roefpGrf;olrsm;aeYudk *kPfjyKBudKqdkaomtm;jzifh 0SD;csJ
rsm;? pufbD;rsm;jzifh rEav;-aejynfawmfc&D;pOfudk yxrqHk;tBudrf c&D;&SnfpGrf;&nfjyoGm;a&mufrnfjzpfaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
c&D;pOfwGif a&Trif;om;azmifa';&Sif;(jrefrm)uBuD;rSL; Edk0ifbm 26 &uf eHeuf 6 em&DwGif rEav;NrdKU? csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f 33
vrf;&Sd a&Trif;om;azmifa';&Sif;(rEav;)Hk;cGJrS pwifxGufcGmum 35 vrf;rSwpfqifh &efukef-rEav;vrf;rBuD;twdkif; pD;eif;Murnf
jzpfNy;D ausmufqnf? 0rf;wGi;f ? rdwv
D m? &rnf;oif;? aejynfawmfwyfuek ;f ? aejynfawmfysO;f rem;NrKd Uwdw
Yk iG f wpfnpDntdy&f yf em;rnfjzpf
um aejynfawmfodkY 'DZifbm 2 &ufwGif yef;0ifrnfjzpfaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
rEav;?
Ekd0ifbm - 19
&Sr;f jynfe,f(ajrmufyikd ;f )vm;
d;I NrdKU? 12 &yfuGufwGif puf
wifbm 30 &ufu orufjzpf
olu a,murydik f aiGusyo
f ed ;f
300 ausmfudk oli,fcsif;jzpf
olESifhyl;aygif;cdk;,lrIjzpfyGm;cJh
aMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
jzpfpOfrmS a':at;0gESihf
tdrfwpf0if;wnf; twlae
orufjzpfol pdik ;f rde;f 0rf;vif;
onf aiGvdkaeojzifh oli,f
csif; pdkif;atmifodef;ESifh yl;
aygif ; um puf w if b m 30
&uf naeu a,murjzpfol
tdraf emuf rD;zdak csmifbufwiG f
&Sad epOf tvG,w

f ul0if usyf
358 odef;ausmf wefzdk;&Sd a&T?
aiGrsm; cd;k ,lomG ;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/
xdkYaemuf wnf;cdk&m&yfuGuf 4?
atmifwcH eG f wnf;cdck ef;? trSwf
14 rSae pdkif;rdef;0rf;vif;ESifY
vufudkifzkef;csif; qufoG,frI
rsm;udk oJveG pf &&Su
d m n 9 em&D
cGJwGif oufaocHypnf;rsm;ESifY
twlzrf;qD;&rdcJhonf/
xdkjzpfpOfESifh ywfoufNyD;
trS w f 2 &J p cef ; u (y)113?
2011 jypfrIyk'fr-380 jzifhtrI
zGifYxm;um w&m;cH pdkif;atmif
odef;ESifh w&m;vdkorufjzpfol
pdkif;rdef;0rf;vif;wdkYtm; ta&;
,lppfaq;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd
qdyfjzL&Sdaus;&Gmrsm;wGif a&vQHEkef;wifrIaMumifh
uGrf;pdkufcif;rsm; ysufpD;
v,form;rsm;\qEudk OD;pm;ay;yg[k v,f^qnf0efBuD;ajym

xl;oefY
EkdifiHawmf\ yifr&dum oD;ESH
jzpfaom pyg;oD;ESH txGufwdk;
a&;t"du aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd
aomfvnf; a'o\ tajctae
t& tjcm;oD;ESHrsm; pdkufysKd;Ekdif
a&;twG u f u d k y g pOf ; pm;ay;
onfhtaejzifh v,form;rsm;
\ qEudk OD;pm;ay;yg[k v,f
,mpkdufysKd;ESifh qnfajrmif;0ef
BuD;Xme jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;
OD;jrifhvIdifu ajymMum;onf/
]]v,form;awG&JU qEudk
OD;pm;ay;yg/ 0ifaiGwdk;atmif
vkyfay;yg}}[laus;vufa'o
zHUG NzKd ;a&;ESihf qif;&JErG ;f yg;rIavQmh
csa&;qkdif&m ndEIdif;tpnf;t
a0;wGif 0efBuD;u ajymMum;cJh
jcif;jzpfonf/
,ck E S p f rk d ; &moD t wG i f ;
jzpfay:cJhaom tajctaet&
ysufqD;cJhaom pyg;pkdufcif;rsm;
twGuf jyefvnfjznfhwif;&ef
pDpOfxm;aMumif;? a&vkaH vmuf
pGm&&Sdaom a'orsm;wGif aEG
pyg;udk pdkufysKd;zdkY wkdufwGef;vkd
aMumif;? if;tjyif tqifhqifh
ukeu
f sp&dwrf sm;vQiv
f nf; rjzpf
EkdifonfhtwGuf *kpdkuf&efvkd
tyf a Mumif ; quf v uf a jym

Mum;oGm;cJhonf/
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;e,fy,frS oD;ESH
tvkduf txl;jyKtzJGUrsm;tjyif
wkdif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESifh jynfe,f
rsm;rS pkdufysKd;a&;qkdif&m 0efBuD;
rsm;yg wufa&mufcahJ om ,aeY
tcrf;tem;wGif vlajymrsm;vm
aom pm;tk e f ; qD u d p E S i f h y wf
oufvnf;]]pm;tke;f qDuuse;f
rma&;eJY rnDnGwfbl;/ tJ'g r
jywfpm;vdkY a&m*gawG jzpfae
w,fqdkwm q&m0efawGvnf;
ajymaew,f/ xkid ;f Ekid if b
H ufu
vnf; jyefaMumfqDudk vSnfhywf
Ny;D oGi;f aew,f/ tJ'gydq

k ;kd w,f}}
[l ajymMum;cJhonf/
xdkuJhodkYaom pm;tkef;qD
oGi;f ukerf sm;tpm;xd;k a&;twGuf
wpf{uwif; 50 ausmfxGuf&Sd
aom aeMumudk oifhavsmf&m
a'orsm;wGif OD;pm;ay;pdkufysKd;
&ef&SdNyD; ppfudkif;wkdif;a'oBuD;
wGif trsm;tjym; pdkufysKd;xm;
aMumif;? if;tjyif tdEd,EkdifiH
u pyfrsKd;udkvnf; xkwfvkyfOD;
rnfjzpfonfhtjyif tao;pm;
qDBudwfpufrsm; xlaxmifay;
oGm;&ef pDpOfaeaMumif;vnf;
od&onf/
oef;aX;
acsmif;eHab;rsm;wGif pdu
k x
f m;aom uGr;f &Gupf u
kd cf if;rsm; txGuf
aumif;Ny;D aps;EIe;f aumif;aecsed w
f iG f acsmif;a&vQu
H m Eke;f ydcYk srrI sm;
oGm;aomaMumifh ysufpD;qkH;IH;ukefaMumif; a&ab;oifh qdyfjzLNrdKU
e,fuGrf;pdkufawmifolrsm;u ajymonf/
]]MuufoGefa&mif;&aiGeJYuGrf;pdkufw,f/ uGrf;u a&jrKyfoGm;
awmhjyefpdkufzdkY&mvnf; rvG,fawmhbl;}} [k rauG;wkdif;a'oBuD;
qdyjf zLNrKd Ue,f ta&SUuHwiG ;f aus;&Gmaetouf 60 t&G,f uGr;f pku
d f
pm(18) odkY
awmifolwpfOD;u ajymonf/
16
Regional
qDxGufoD;ESHrSvGJNyD; usefyJrsm;ta&mif;t0,fat;
nDnDaZmf
rEav;?
Ekd0ifbm - 19
,ckwpfywf ref;yJErS ;f aps;uGuf
wG i f qD x G u f o D ; ES H r sm;rS v G J
useyf rJ mrsm; ta&mif;t0,frmS
tenf;i,fat;aeaMumif; rE
av;NrdKU yGJpm;ukefonfpufydkif
rsm; r[muxdefawmftoif;
(ref;ukefpnf'dkif)rS owif;&&Sd
onf/
xd k i f 0 rf u k v m;yJ r S m 57
ydm 25 usyfom;yg wpftdwf
vQif ,ciftywfu 58000
EIef; aps;aygufcJY&mrS ,aeYwGif

52000 EIef;xd aps;EIef;usqif;
vmonf/ topfay:cgeD; t
a[mif ; xk w f c sd e f j zpf j cif ; ? t
a&mif;t0,fyg;jcif;? t&nft
aoG;rrDaom yJtcsKd U 0ifvmjcif;
wdaYk MumifY aps;us qif;&jcif;jzpf
aMumif; yJukefonfwpfOD;u qdk
onf/
yJwpD rd ;f topftenf;i,f
0ifvmNyD; wkwf0,fvuf yHkrSef
0,faeum xdyfp 55500 usyf
yHkrSefp 48000 usyfEIef;ayguf
aeonf/ yJpif;iHk 39500 usyf
EIef;jzifh yHkrSef ta&mif;t0,f

jzpfaeonf/ ESrf;eufrSm wkwf
0,fvuf t0,fou
G af eNy;D ESr;f
eufprHkatmifvHxdyfp 95000
usy?f rauG;xdypf 93000 usy?f
ESr;f euf yHrk eS pf 75000 rS 77000
usyf aps;aygufaeonf/ ajryJ
qefrSm ,cifwpfywfu a&eH
acsmif;? acsmuf (yifjyefY) wpf
ydmvQif 1500 usyf0ef;usif
rS ,aeYwGif 1675 rS 1700
usyftwGif;? rauG;ausmufyef;
awmif ; teD q ef 1675 rS
1700 usyftwGif;? jrif;rl S1
1800 usyfEIef; aygufaeum

ta&mif;t0,foGufaeonf/
ESrf;jzLaps;uGuf wpfvtwGif;
wtdtdESifh usqif;vmaMumif;
ukefonfwpfOD;uqdkonf/
ESrf;jzL NcHKausmf 71000?
ESrf;jzL xdyfp 69000usyf? yHk
rSefp 66000 EIef; aygufae
onf/ wkwb
f ufu t0,fEiS hf
puf o rm;rsm; tNyd K if 0 ,f a e
aom ESrf;ndKrSm oHk;ywftwGif;
wpftdwfvQif usyf 3000 0ef;
usifcefY aps;wufvmum xdyfp
61000 usyf? vwfp 60000
"mwfykH-pdkif;omatmif
usyfEIef;aygufaeonf/ pm;qD
ESifh yJqDaps;EIef;uGm[rIaMumifh
yJqDta&mif;yg;aeaMumif; qD
ukefonfwpfOD;uqdkonf/
yJzwfrSm txGufenf;ae
NyD; wd&pmefarG;jrLa&;orm;rsm;
toH k ; rsm;vmrI a Mumif h aps;
wuf v mum wpf y d mvQif
725 usyf aps;aygufaeaMumif;
owif;&&Sdonf/
&ckdifjynfe,fwGif owrajrmuf
bPfcGJwpfck xyfrHzGifUvSpfrnf
ckdifppfawG
ppfawG?
Ekd0ifbm- 16
ppfawGNrdKU lyawmif&yfuGuf
vrf;rBuD;wGif &ckdifjynfe,f\
ow r ajrmuf b Pf j zpf o nf h
or0g,rbPfzGifhvSpfrnfjzpf
&ckdifjynfe,fwGif vuf&Sd
zG i f h v S p f x m;aom yk * v d u
bPfrsm;rSm arG;jrLa&;ESifh a&
vkyfief;zHGUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;bPf
(oH w J G ? ppf a wG ? armif a wm?
awmifukwf? ausmufjzL)? dk;r
bPf(ppfawG)? uarmZbPf
(armifawm? ppfawG)? tif;0
bPf (ppfawG)? {&m0wDbPf
(ppfawG)? jr0wDbPf (ppfawGzG i f h v S p f & ef pD p Of q J ) ES i f h ,ck
aemuf q k H ; or0g,rbPf u d k
zGiv
hf pS &f efaq mif&u
G af ejcif;jzpf
onf/
pnf y if o m,ma&;bPf
rSmrl kH;cJGzGihfvSpfjcif;? bPfcJG
zGihfvSpfjcif;r&SdbJ oufqkdif&m
jynfe,fpnfyif om,ma&;t
zGJUrS aps;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;odkY aiG
xkwfacs;ay;aeaMumif; od&
onf/
or0g,rbPfonf a'
owG i f ; qif ; &J E G r f ; yg;avQmh c s
a&;twGuf vkyfief;rsm;udk or
0g,rv yk if ef;toGiaf qmif&u
G f
&mwGif aiGaMu; tultnD
axmufyHhay;oGm;rnf[k qkd&m
a'ocH r sm;u arQmf v ih f t m;
xm;aeMuaMumif; or0g,r
ESihf eD;pyfow
l pfO;D u ajym onf/
rif;jym;aps; rD;ab;oifhqkdifcef;rsm;
&if;ESD;rwnfaiG xkwfacs;&efpDpOf
ckdifppfawG
rif;jym;? Ekd0ifbm- 16
&ckid jf ynfe,f rif;jym;NrKd U? NrKd Urpnfyifom,maps;BuD; rD;avmifuRr;f cJh
&m rD;ab;oifhqkdifcef;ydkif&Sifrsm; vkyfief;jyefvnfvnfywfEkdif&ef
qkid cf ef;wpfcef;vQif aiGusyo
f ed ;f 20 EIe;f jzifh pnfyifom,ma&;bPf
rS xkwfacs;ay;&ef pDpOfvsuf&SdaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
Ek0d ifbmv12&ufn7em&Drdepf20tcsed u
f avmifuRr;f cJo
h nfh
rD;aMumifh rif;jym;NrKd Uaps;twGi;f qkid cf ef;rsm; rD; avmifuRr;f cH&um qk;H
IH;rIwefzkd;rSm aiGusyfodef; 7500 cefY&SdcJhonf/ rD;avmifuRrf;jcif;
twGuf aps;twGi;f &Sd tvSuek yf pn;f rsm;? t0wftxnfypn;f rsm;?
vlo;Hk ukeEf iS hf pm;aomufuek yf pn;f rsm;? tdraf qmufypn;f rsm;? puf
ud&d,mypnf;rsm;yg0ifonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUwGif rD;owfum;wpfpD;&Sd
aomfvnf; rD;avmifuRr;f pOfu pufysuaf eojzifh ok;H r&cJah Mumif;
a'ocHwpfOD;u ajymonf/
]]rD;avmifwt
hJ csed rf mS avuNird af ew,f/ 'gaMumifh aps;twGi;f
ydik ;f wpfcv
k ;Hk yJ avmifcw
hJ ,f/ aps;taemufbufjcrf;NrKd UwGi;f udak wmh
rD;rul;cJzh ;l / vrf;rBu;D jcm;xm;wJt
h wGuf rD;wm;ovdjk zpfaew,f}}[k
qkdonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUaps;rSm wpfxyfajrwkdifaqmifrsm;jzpfNyD; rD;wm;
vrf;r&Sb
d J qkid rf sm;>ywfusyu
f m wnfcif;a&mif;csaerIaMumifv
h nf;
qkH;IH;rIrsm;jym;&jcif;jzpfaMumif; a'ocHrsm;u ajymonf/
17
Regional
usyfoef;aygif; 6000 qHk;HI;cJhonfh rif;jym;NrdKYraps;

rD;avmifrI rD;tmrcH rxm;ojzifh avsmfaMu;r&
jrwfpkrGef
rD ; tmrcH x m;jcif ; r&S d j cif ;
aMumifh umvwefzdk;usyfoef;
6000 cefYqHk;IH;cJhonfh &cdkif
jynfe,f? rif;jym;NrdKUraps; rD;
avmifuRrf;rItwGuf tmrcH
aMu;ay;avsmf & ef rvd k t yf
aBumif; b@ma&;ESifh tcGef0ef
BuD;Xme? jrefrmhtmrcHvyk if ef;rS
wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;uajymonf/
]]rif;jym;rSmu tmrcHxm;
wJhvlr&Sdbl;/ 'gaBumifhtmrcH
avsmfaBu;ay;p&mrvdkygbl;}}
[k tqdyk gwm0ef&ydS *k Kd vu
f ajym
onf/ &cdkifjynfe,f? rif;jym;NrdKU
wGif ,ckv 12 &uf NrdKUraps;
rD ; avmif u Rrf ; cJ h & m qd k i f c ef ;
aygif; 577 cef; qHk;HI;cJhNyD; um
vwefzdk;usyfoef; 6000 cefY
qHk;IH;cJhonf/
]]&cdkifu rD;tmrcHxm;wJh
tavhtxtifrwefenf;w,f/
tmrcHvkyfief;eJYqdkifwJh tod
ynmvnf;enf;yg;w,f/ rsm;
aomtm;jzifh a&S;dk;pGJwJh? t,l
oD;wJhvlawGu tmrcHxm;wm
ud k rBud K uf B ubl ; /t"d u tm
rcHxm;wwfwJh vlawGu tdrf
aygifNyD;aiGacs;wmrsdK;vkyfwJh
EkdifiHawmfeJY qufpyfwJh tvkyf
udkvkyfwJh vlrsdK;awGavmufyJ&Sd
Oumudkudk
rD;avmifuRrf;NyD;awGU&aom rif;jym;aps;
w,f}}[k &cdkifjynfe,f? awmif

ukwfNrdKUe,frS tmrcHukd,fpm;
vS,af [mif;wpfO;D u ajymonf/
&cdik jf ynfe,fonf obm0
ab;'Pf yHkrSefusa&mufavh&Sd
aom urf;&d;k wef;a'ojzpfaomf
vnf ; tmrcH x m;&S d r I tvG e f
enf;yg;aMumif;? jrefrmhtmrcH
vkyif ef;taejzifh tmrcHxm;ol
rsm;jym;vmap&eftwGuf e,f
NrdKUrsm;odkYqif;um todynm
ay; a[majymyGJrsm;jyKvkyfay;
oifhaBumif; txufygyk*dKvfu
EdkifiHjcm;aiGyg tdwfwpfvHk;udk ig;&Sm&if;

aumuf&ol oufqkdif&modkYvmtyf
ausmfoD[
uGrf;NcHukef;NrdKUe,fteD; yifv,f0a&jyifwGif ig;oavmufykdufazmf,lpOf
jrefrmaiGusyfav;odef;cGJ0ef;usif&Sd uefa':vm 569 a':vmyg tdwfwpf
vHk;awGU&SdolrSm ykdif&SifxHjyeftyfEkdif&ef oufqkdif&modkYay;ydkYcJhonf/

uGr;f Ncu
H ek ;f NrKd Ue,f? aomifc&kH mG aeukEd idk q
f o
dk u
l Ek0d ifbm 13 &uf aeY
v,f 2 em&D0ef;usifwGif y,fv,f0a&jyif ig;oavmufykdufazmf,lpOf
ykdif&SifrJh umuDa&mifcg;ywftdwfwpfvHk;ESihf tar&duefa':vm 569 a':
vmESifh ywfpyf pYkd mtkyw
f pftyk w
f t
Ydk m; awGU&So
d jzihf qdyu
f rf;&Jpcef;odYk tyfEHS
cJhaMumif; oufqkdif&mrSod&onf/

,if;aiGaMu;rsm; ykid &f iS rf eS x
f H jyefvnfa&muf&&dS ef txuf yg&Jpcef;rS
pDpOfaqmif&u
G v
f su&f adS eNy;D yifv,f0a&atmufrS aumuf,&l &So
d l ukEd idk f
tm; qkcs;D jri &hf efEiS fh *kPjf yKvufrw
S cf s;D jri &hf ef oufqidk &f mtpk;d &tzGUJ rS Tef
Mum;xm;aMumif; pHkprf;od&onf/
awmifilcdkifwGif
tdjzLrGef
awmificl dik w
f iG f opfawmjyKe;f
wD;rI xdef;odrf;umuG,fjcif;ESifh
opf a wmtwef ; pm; avQmh c s
jcif;jzifh umAGefpkyf,la&; REDD
pDrHudef;udk tjynfjynfqkdif&m
tylydkif;opfawmumuG,fa&;
tzJ G U ( ITTO )ES i f h ok H ; ES p f v k y f
aqmifrnfjzpfaMumif; pDrHudef;
ESifh pm&if;tif;OD;pD;XmerS vuf
axmufTefMum;a&;rSL; a'guf
&yf? aus;tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;cefYtyfjcif;tay:
wdkifMum;csufrsm;tm; pHkprf;ppfaq;a&;
tzGJYrsm;zGJYum aqmif&Gufae[kqdk
REDD
tBuHjyKajymBum;onf/
]]vl a wG t mrcH r xm;Bu
wmu vlawGudk&Sif;&Sif;vif;
vif;jzpfatmif r&Sif;jyEdkifwm
aBumifv
h aY d k jymvd&Y k w,f/ueG af wmf
tmrcHvkyfief; oifwef;wuf
NyD; jyefvmawmh wcsdKUvlawGudk
vdkuf&Sif;jywJhtcg tdrfrSm 'D
pum;rsdK;vmrajymeJYvdkYajymwJh
vlrsKd ;BuHKz;l w,f/tmrcHxm;wJh
twGuu
f ,
kd w
f ikd rf BuKH &ifawmif
wpfEdkifiHvHk;rSmBuHKaewJh vlawG
twGuf vSL&ma&mufw,fqdk
wmrsdK;txd &Sif;jyzl;w,f}}[k
if;u qufajymonf/
]]&cdik rf mS u ig;zrf;vkyif ef;
&Siaf wGuvnf; a&vkyo
f m;awG
twGuf touftmrcHxm;ay;
wmawGr&Sdawmh yifv,fxJrSm
touf q H k ; I H ; wJ h a&vk y f o m;
awG rdom;pkawGrSm trsm;BuD;
epfemw,f}} [k &cdkifjynfe,f?
oHwGJNrdKUwGif 'kwd,tBuD;qHk;
ig;zrf;Zkefwpfckjzpfonfh qif
acgif;aus;&GmrS a'ocHwpfO;D u
ajymonf/
rif;jym;oHCmhaq;kH rMumrD zGifUvSpfrnf

pdkif;'&m;
rif;jym;? Edk0ifbm- 8
oHCmhaq;krH &Sad o;onhf rif;jym;NrKd UwGif oDw*lq&mawmf a'gufwm
t&SifPd&urif;jym;NrdKUe,f oHCmhaq;kHaqmufvkyfa&;t
wGuf aiGusyo
f ed ;f 500 vSL'gef;cJ&h m ,cktcg taqmufttkrH mS ud;k
q,f&mckdifEIef;NyD;pD;aeNyDjzpfonf/

]]oHCmhaq;ko
H ;D oef&Y v
dS mr,fqakd wmh oHCmawG0rf;om&wm
aygh/ q&mawmfBu;D aus;Zl;uBu;D rm;ayw,f 'umBu;D }}[k NrKd Ue,f oHCmh
em,uq&mawmfwpfyg;u rdefYMum;onf/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,f jynfolY
aq;ko
H nf 25 ckwifqahH q;kjH zpfNy;D q&m0efo;Hk OD;om&So
d nf/ a'o
wGif;oGm;vmrI tqifajyaomaMumifh ajrmufOD;? ajrykH? aygufawm
NrKd Ue,frsm;rS vlemrsm;vnf; vma&mufuo
k Muonf/ rif;jym;NrKd Uay:
wGif bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif; 62 ausmif;&SNd y;D wpfNrKd Ue,fv;Hk wGif ausmif;
aygif; 265 ausmif;&Sdonf/
pDrHudef; okH;ESpfvkyfaqmifrnf
wmaomif;EkdifOD;u ajymonf/
,if;pDrHudef;ESifh 2012 ck
ESpfwGif pwiftaumiftxnf
azmfaqmif&u
G &f eftwGuf ITTO
tzJGUESifh awGUqkHaqG;aEG;rIrsm;
jyKvkyfaeNyD;jzpfaMumif;? REDD
enf ; vrf ; jzif h opf a wmxd e f ;
od r f ; a&;rsm; vk y f a qmif & ef
aus;&Gmrsm;udk ynmay;jcif;ESifh
REDD enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh opf
awmxd e f ; od r f ; a&;tm; oif
Mum;ay;jcif;wdkYudk t"duxm;
aqmif&GufrnfjzpfaMumif; t
xufygyk*dKvfu tpdrf;a&mifpD;
yGm;a&;ESifh zHGUNzdK;rIenf;vrf;rsm;
aqG;aEG;yJGwGif ajymMum;onf/
]]jynfolawGygvmatmif
tvkyftudkif tcGifhtvrf;awG
zefwD;ay;r,f/ oD;ESHa&maESm
pdkufysKd;enf;awG oifay;r,f/
REDD enf;vrf;twki
d ;f xde;f odr;f
wwfatmif Capacity Building
awG jznfhay;r,f/ udk&D;,m;eJY
vkyw
f hJ ya&m*sux
f ufyNkd y;D vnf;
tao;pdwfusr,f/ ESpfvnf;
Mumr,f}} [k a'gufwmaomif;
EkdifOD;u ajymonf/
,ckjyKvyk rf nfh pDru
H ed ;f wGif
awmificl dik w
f pfcv
k ;Hk yg0ifrnf
jzpfNyD; ,if;ckdiftwGuf 'kwd,
ajrmuf pD r H u d e f ; wpf c k v nf ;
jzpfonf/ yxrqkH; pDrHudef;udk
awmifilcdkifa&wm&SnfNrdKUe,f
wGif vkyfaqmifNyD; ,ckvkyfrnfh
pDrHudef;rSm awmifilcdkifwpfck
vk;H yg0ifrnf[q
k o
dk nf/
&efukef?
Ekd0ifbm-16
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;twGif;&Sd
&yfuu
G ?f aus;&Gmtkycf sKyaf &;rSL;
rsm;udk ceft
Y yfwm0efay;&mwGif
jynfolvlxk\ wdkifMum;csuf
rsm;tm; wdkifMum;pmygtcsuf
rsm; rSefuefrI&Sd? r&Sdudk pHkprf;ppf
aq;a&;tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;ay;NyD;
tywf p Of &ef u k e f w d k i f ; a'o
BuD;tpdk;& tzGJUtpnf;ta0;
rsm;odkY wifjyum vdktyfovdk
ta&;,l a qmif & G u f v suf & S d
aMumif; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;
tpdk;&tzGJUu qdkonf/
&yfuGuf? aus;&GmtkyfcsKyf
a&;Oya'udk vTwfawmftoD;
oD;wGif wifjyaqG;aEG;vsuf&Sd
um twnfjyKNyD;ygu a&G;cs,f
cefYtyfonfh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;
rsm;? wm0efrSkyfodrf;? &yfpJjcif;
enf;vrf;rsm;vnf; yg0ifvm
rnfjzpfaomaMumifh ,if;Oya'
yg owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD
aqmif&GufaprnfjzpfaMumif;
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,frsm;\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk
pmjzif h jyef v nf a jzMum;csuf
rsm;t& od&onf/
A[ef;NrdKUe,f? rJqEe,f
trSwf(2)rS &efukefwdkif;a'o
BuD ; vT w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f
a'guf w mnd K nd K oif ; ('D r d k u
&uf w pf y gwD ) u NyD ; cJ h o nf h
Mo*kwv
f 24 &ufpyJG gpmjzifh ar;
jref;csufrSm A[ef;NrdKUe,f? a&
wm&Snf&yfuGuf? a&TeHUom&yf
uGuf? ig;xyfBuD;taemuf&yf
uGu?f t aemufa&T*w
kH ikd &f yfuu
G f
wdkYwGif &yfuGuftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
topf r sm; ajymif ; vJ c ef Y x m;

jcif;rSm jynfcikd Nf zKd ;ygwD\ axmuf
cHwifjycsuft& cefYxm;jcif;
omjzpfonf[laom owif;rSm
rSefuefrI&Sd? r&SdESifh pHkprf;ppfaq;
rItajctaeudk odvykd gaMumif;
jzpfonf/
tqdkyg ar;cGef;udk ,ckv
Edk0ifbm 1 &uf &ufpGJyg pmjzifh
jyef v nf a jzMum;&mwG i f &yf
uGuf tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;a&G;cs,f&m
wGif jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwD\ axmuf
cHcsut
f & a&G;cs,jf cif;jzpfonf
qdkjcif;rSm rSefuefrIr&SdaMumif;
ESifh &yf&GmtusKd;aqmif&Gufrnfh
olrsm;udkom &yfuGufaejynf
olrsm;\oabmqEtavsmuf
a&G;cs,fwm0efay;jcif;om jzpf
ygaMumif; wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&
tzGJUrS vHkjcHKa&;ESifh e,fpyfa&;
&m0efBuD;u jyefvnfajzMum;
xm;onf/
wmarGNrdKUe,f? rJqEe,f
trSwf(1)rS &efukefwdkif;a'o
BuD; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
OD;0if;xdef (wdkif;&if;om;pnf;
vHk;nDnTwfa&;ygwD)uvnf;
&yfuGufaus;&Gm tkyfcsKyfa&;
rSL;rsm;tm; cefYtyfwm0efay;
&mwGif jynfov
l x
l \
k wdik Mf um;
csufrsm;tm; rnfodkY ta&;,l
aqmif&u
G rf nft
h pDtpOf&o
dS nf
udk odvykd gaMumif; ar;jref;onfh
ar;cGef;udk &efukefwdkif;a'o
BuD;vTwfawmfu pHkprf;ppfaq;
a&;tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;ay;xm;NyD;
if ; wd k Y \ tpD & if c H p mrsm; t
ay:rlwnfum vdktyfovdk t
a&;,laqmif&GufaeygaMumif;
pmjzifhjyefvnfajzMum;ay;cJh
onf/
0ufNcHtvkyform;wpfOD;
0ufrsm;udkuf aoqHk;[kqdk
pdkif;vlrif;
aumvif;?Edk0ifbm- 14
t&ufaomufNyD; 0ufpm
auR;olwpfO;D t&ufr;l vGeu
f m
arS m uf v J u spOf N cH t wG i f ; &S d
0ufrsm; 0dkif;0ef;udkufpm; em;
&GufESpfzufESifh em;xifaemuf
aphaemufrS tom;rsm;r&Sad wmh
bJ aoqH;k onfh jzpf&yfwpfck ppf
udkif;wdkif;a'oBuD;? aumvif;
NrdKU? jyifOD;vGif&yfuGufwGif jzpf
yGm;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
jzpfpOfrSm Edk0ifbm 13&uf
rGe;f vGJ 2em&Dceft
Y csed jf yifO;D vGif
&yfuGuf tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; OD;cif
armif0rf;rS jyifO;D vGi&f yfuu
G &f dS
OD;0if;oef;jrifh(c)uwHk;\ 0uf
NcHtwGif; vlwpfOD;aoqHk;ae
aMumif ; aumvif ; &J p cef ; od k Y
taMumif;Mum;cJo
h nf/ e,fxed ;f
acgif;aqmif 'k&Jtkyfpef;,k? &J
t&mcH xGef;a0ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;

rSL; OD;cifarmif0rf;? OD;ausmf0if;
wdkY oGm;a&mufMunfhIppfaq;
cJh&m OD;0if;oef;jrifh(c)OD;uwHk;
\ 0uf 72 aumif arG;jrLxm;
onf h 0uf N cH t wG i f ; arS m uf
vsuftaetxm;jzifh aoqHk;
aeNyD; if;\em;&GufESpfzufESifh
em;xifaemufaphrS tom;rsm;
tm; 0ufrsm;pm;xm; tom;
r&S d a wmh b J OD ; acgif ; ay:ae
aMumif; ppfaq;awGU&SdcJhonf/
xdkjzpfpOfESifhywfouf
OD;xGe;f atmif(c)OD;&cdik f aoqH;k
rIESifhywfouf "rwmtwdkif;
aoqH k ; jcif ; [k w f ? r[k w f p pf
aq;Edkif&ef aumvif;&Jpcef;rS
aorIaocif;trSwf 24^2011
jzifh trIa&;zGi
hf pcef;rSL;&Jtyk f
pdk;oif;utrIppftjzpf aqmif
&Guaf eaMumif; owif;&&So
d nf/
18
Local
atmifr*Fvmta0;ajy;&Sd pnf;urf;azmufzsufonfh tiSm;,mOfrsm;tm; c&D;onfrsm;wdkifMum;rIjzifhppfaq; ta&;,lae

Oumudkudk
&efukef?
Ekd0ifbm-16
atmif r *F v mta0;ajy;um;
BuD;0if;twGif;&Sd *dwfxdk;ajy;
qGJaeaom tiSm;,mOfrsm;tm;
BuD;Muyfa&; tzGJUoHk;zGJUjzifh BuD;
Muyf a qmif & G u f v suf & S d N yD ;
pnf;urf;azmufzsuaf Mumif; ppf
aq;awGU&SdrIrsm;ESifh c&D;onf
rsm;\ wdkifMum;rIrsm;t& ,ck
ESpf2010ZGev
f rS,ckEpS fatmuf
wd k b mvtxd wu p D , mOf
armif ; 79OD ; tm; ta&;,l
aqmif&GufcJhaMumif; od&onf/
ta0;ajy;um;MuD;0if;t
wGif;&Sd tiSm;,mOftoif;udk
&yfem;uGif; aeYykdif;wGif toif;
0if 48 OD;? nydkif;wGif toif;
0if 70 OD;? &yfem;uGif;(2) wGif

toif ; 0if 110 OD ; wd k Y j zif h zG J U
pnf;xm;NyD; tiSm;,mOfwupD
Bu;D Muyfa&;tzGUJ tm; &yfem;uGi;f
ESpfckaygif; 24 OD;jzifh zGJUpnf;
xm;aMumif; od&onf/
c&D;oGm;jynfolrsm;od&Sd
Ed k i f & ef tod a y;aMunmcsuf
rsm;udkvnf; csdwfqGJxm;&SdjyD;
aus eyfrIr&Sdygu wdkifMum;&ef
zke;f eHygwfygaom pwpfumrsm;
udyk g uyfxm;aponft
h jyif &yf
em;uGif;(2)wGif wupDiSm;&rf;
pD;eif;ygu NrdKUe,ftvdkuf us
oifhrnfhEIef;xm;rsm;tm; toH
csJUpufjzifh aeYpOfaMunmay;
vsuf&Sdonf[k od&onf/
txufyg ta&;,lco
hJ nfh
tiS m ;,mOf o rm; 79 OD ; ud k
cH0efuwdvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;?
oH;k av;&uf ajy;qGcJ iG yhf w
d o
f rd ;f
jcif;? wpfywfESpfywf ajy;qGJcGifh
ydwfodrf;jcif;? wpfvajy;qGJcGifh
ydwfodrf;jcif;? ESpfvajy;qGJcGifh
ydwfodrf;jcif;ESifh toif;rS &m

oufyef xkwfy,fjcif;jzifh t
a&;,l vkyaf qmif&u
G cf o
hJ nf[k
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf udk,f
pm;vS,fwpfOD;\ ar;cGef;tm;
&ef u k e f w d k i f ; a'oBuD ; vT w f
awmfrS pmjzifhjyefvnfajzMum;
csuft& od&onf/
ar;cGef;udk wmarGNrdKUe,f?
rJqEe,ftrSwf(1)rS &efukef
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfudk,f
pm;vS,f OD;0if;xdef (wdkif;&if;
om;pnf;vHk;nDnTwfa&;ygwD)
u atmufwdkbmv 21 &uf?
&ufpGJjzifh wifoGif;cJhjcif;jzpfNyD;
vTwaf wmfu EIwjf zifh rajzMum;
bJ atmufwdkbmv 31 &uf?
&ufpGJwyfum pmjzifhjyefvnf
ajzMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD
Twfa&;ygwDrS OD;0if;xdefu
&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf
odkY ar;jref;cJhonfh ar;cGef;rSm
atmifr*Fvm ta0;ajy;um;
BuD; 0if;twGi;f 0ifa&muf*w

d f
xdk;ajy;qGJaeaom tiSm;,mOf
wu p D r sm;tm; rnf o d k Y pnf ;
urf;xde;f odr;f aeonfuv
kd nf;
aumif;? tqdkygiSm;,mOfrsm;
onf yGJpm;rsm;jzifh c&D;onfrsm;
tm; pkaygif;wifjcif;? ,mOfiSm;
&rf;c rwefwq awmif;qdk
aejcif;? jyifyrStiSm;,mOfrsm;
udk iSm;&rf;pD;eif;ygu &efjyKcsif
onf h oabmrsm; jyKvk y f a e
onfudk rnfuJhodkY aqmif&Guf
ay;Edkifrnfudkvnf;aumif; od
vdkygaMumif;[l jzpfonf/
xdkar;cGef;tay: &efukef
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfu t
jynfhtpHkajzMum;csufrsm;tm;
pmjzifh xkwfjyefcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
pm-15? qdyfjzL&Sdaus;&Gmrsm; a&vQHEkef;wifrIaMumifh uGrf;pdkufcif;rsm; ysufpD; rS

uGrf;&GufwpfydmvQif
uGrf;NcHwGif;txkdif vufum;
aps;EIef;rSm tedrfhqkH; 200 usyf
rS 7000 usyftxd tcsdefum
vay:rlwnfum a&mif;Mu&
onf/ ,ckuJhodkY a&BuD;csdefjzpf
aom aqmif;OD;umv oDwif;
uRwf v jynf h a usmf 8 &uf u
uGrf;&GufwpfydmvQif 5000
usyfaps;EIef;&SdaMumif; if;u
ajymonf/
]]uGrf;yifawG tkHvkduft
ukefarsmygoGm;NyD; Ekef;awGzdkY
oGm;w,f/ acsmif;v,frmS vnf;
oJaomifckHBuD;jzpfoGm;w,f/
aemifESpf0gqdk 0gacgifusrS uGrf;
jyefpdkufzdkY pDpOf&awmhr,f/ tck
awmh Muuf o G e f y sKd ; &r,f } }[k
a,macsmif ; eH a b; ta&S U uH
wGif;&Gmae touf 30 t&G,f
uGrf;pdkufawmifoltrsKd;orD;
wpfOD;uajymonf/
atmuf w d k b m 20 &uf
eHeuf 2 em&Dcefu
Y b*Fvm;a'h&fS
EkdifiHodkY 0ifa&mufcJhaom O2B
rkew
f idk ;f t&Sed af Mumifh jrefrmEkid if H
twGi;f &Sd csi;f jynfe,fEiS hf rauG;
wkdif;a'oBuD;wdkYwGif rdk;onf;
xefpGm &GmoGef;NyD;a&BuD;a&vQH
rIrsm;jzpfay:cJhonf/
tqk d y g a&BuD ; a&vQH r I
aMumifh yckuL cdik t
f wGi;f &Sd a,m
acsmif ; ? ausmacsmif ; ? ,rm;
acsmif;? NrKd iaf csmif;ESihf a&Tacsmif;

rsm; a&vQHum jrpfurf;eHab;&Sd
aus;&Gmrsm;ESihf uGr;f pdu
k cf if;rsm;
a&epfjrKyfukefjcif;jzpfonf/
]]pm;&r,fhtcsdefrSm bmrS
rpm;vkduf&ao;bl;/ tIH;yJ&Sd
awmhw,f}} [k ajrmuf&mG r aus;
&GmrS uGrf;pdkufawmifol trsKd;
orD ; BuD ; wpf O D ; uvnf ; ajym
onf/ xdkYaMumifh acsmufNrdKUodkY
uGrf;&Gufrsm; wifydkYae&mrS ,ck
tcg acsmufNrdKUrS jyef0,f,lae

&aomaMumifh uGrf;,mokH;,m
vQif usyf 100 jzifh 0,fae&
aMumif; if;uajymonf/
tqkdyg acsmif;a&rsm;vQH
wufcJhaomaMumifh uGrf;pdkuf
cif;rsm;omru v,fajrrsm;t
wGif;odkYyg Ekef;rsm;zkH;vTrf;cH&
ysuf p D ; cJ h a Mumif ; owif ; &&S d
onf/ ,refESpfu {&m0wDjrpf
a&wdk; a&BuD;cJhcsdefESifh *D&drkef
wkdif;t&SdefaMumifh rdk;BuD;um
a&vQHcJhcsdefrsm;u ,ckuJhodkY t
ysut
f pD;rrsm;cJah Mumif; a'ocH
rsm;u ajymonf/
xko
d Ykd pku
d cf if;rsm;ESihf v,f
ajrrsm; ysufpD;rIrSm yckuLcdkif
twGif; 5378 {u? wd&pmef
ESifh taqmufttkHwHwm;rsm;
ysuf p D ; rI w ef z d k ; rS m usyf a iG
1544 'or 59 oef;&Scd ahJ Mumif;
owif;&&Sdonf/
19
Opportunity
xdkif;a&BuD;rIaMumifh jynfwGif;odkY jyefvmonfh

jrefrmvkyfom; av;aomif;cefY &Sd
atmifol&
xdik ;f Edik if aH &BuD;rIaMumifh jr0wD
pcef ; 23 &uf t wG i f ; jynf
awmf j yef jref r m vk y f o m;
39000 ausmf&SdaMumif; tvkyf
orm;0efBuD;XmerS wm0ef&Sdol
wpfOD;u ajymonf/
atmufwdkbmv 24&uf
rSp jrefrmEdkifiHodkY jyefvmol
rsm;ud k jr0wD p cef ; rS vuf c H
aqmif&Gufay;vsuf&SdNyD; Edk0if
bmv 15 &ufxd 39214 OD;
&Sdvmonf/
xdkuJhodkY jyefvmolrsm;t
wGuf jr0wDcspMf unfa&;wHwm;
tm; wpfaeYvQif ESpBf udrzf iG ahf y;
NyD ; jr0wD p cef ; rS vuf c H u m
bm;tHNrKd UodYk ydaYk qmifay;aMumif;
jr0wDa'ocHrsm;xHrS od&onf/
Edk0ifbmvqef;rSp jyef
0ifvmolrsm;jym;vmojzifhjr0wD
NyD; tvkyform;trsm;qHk;vkyf
udkifaom pufkHrsm;a&epfjrKyf
cJhojzifh jyefvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
xdik ;f Edik if aH &Bu;D rIwiG f xkid ;f
vl r sKd ; rsm;NyD ; ygu jref r ma&G U
SOLAR RAYS CO., LTD
zkef;-521871?09-5050151
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
(1)/ Hk;tul - 1 F? (2) Sale &
Marketing - 2 M/F? (3) Marketing Executive - 2 M/F? (4)
Operation - 1 M
Success Glor y Shipping
Services Co., Ltd
Asia Plaza, #522,5th Fl, 277,
Bogyoke Aung San Rd, Kyauktada Tsp, Yangon
--------------------------trsKd;orD;0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
1/ Hair Stylist (uRrf;usif) 2
OD;? 2/ vufonf;yef;csD (uRrf;
usif) - 2 OD;? 3/ acgif;avQmf?
rsufESmaq;? pufqGJ 2 OD;
zkef;-09-5168486
---------------------------
ajymif;vkyfom;rsm;rSm 'kwd,
trsm;qHk;'kua&mufolrsm;jzpf
Ny;D use&f adS eolrsm;vnf; tvkyf
csdefrsm; avsmhenf;oGm;aMumif;
owif;&&Sdonf/
jrefrmEdik if &H dS rav;&Sm;oH;Hk u jynfytvkyt
f udik &f mS azGa&;
at*sipf v
D ikd pf if&&Sx
d m;Ny;D rav;&Sm;Edik if o
H Ykd tvkyo
f rm; apvTwf
aeaom at*sipf rD sm;tm; Ed0k ifbmv 16&uf eHeuf u ac:,lawGU
qHkcJhaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
]]trsKd;orD;awGtwGuf tvkyfac:pmusNyD;om;awGudk ap
vTwfEdkifzdkY tvkyform;0efBuD;XmeeJY nday;zdkYac:awGUwmyg}} [k
tqdkygtpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcJhol at*sifpDrS wm0ef&Sdol
wpfOD;u ajymonf/
xdaYk emuf rav;&Sm;oH;Hk rS tvkyaf c:pmusNy;D om; trsK;d orD;
tvkyo
f rm;pm&if;udk vdik pf if&at*sipf rD sm;u awmif;,lcahJ Mumif;
vnf; owif;&&So
d nf/ rav;&Sm;oH;Hk u tvkyo
f rm;ADZm avQmuf
xm;&mwGif atmufwb
kd m 24&ufrpS tvkyo
f rm;0efBuD;XmerS
xkwaf y;aom tvkyo
f rm;rSwyf w
kH if uwfyg&S&d rnf[k owfrw
S cf hJ
NyD;aemuftrsKd;orD;rsm; oGm;a&muftvkyfvkyfudkif&ef cufcJcJh
onf/odaYk omftvkyo
f rm;0efBu;D Xmeuwpfae&mwnf;vl200?
300 cefYvkyf&rnfh tvkyfrsKd;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm; w&m;0ifoGm;
a&muftvkyfvkyfudkifjcif;udk oufqdkif&modkY wifjyay;rnf[kt
vkyo
f rm;TeMf um;rIO;D pD;Xme TeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyOf ;D csp&f edS u
f NyD;cJh
onfhvuajymMum;cJhonf/
AD,uferfEidk if w
H iG f pD;yGm;a&;zGUH NzdK;vmNyD; AD,uferfEidk if H jynf
olrsm;rSm rav;&Sm;Ekid if w
H iG f tvkyrf vkyaf wmhojzihf xkad e&mwGif
jrefrmtrsK;d orD;vkyo
f m;rsm;jzifh tpm;xk;d cJo
h nf/ vuf&t
dS ajct
aewGif tvkyaf c:pmusNy;D om; trsK;d orD; tvkyo
f rm;rsm;pGm&SNd y;D
tcsKdUrSm p&efay;xm;NyD;jzpfaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
0 ef x rf ; t vdk &Sd o nf
Free Classified
0efxrf;tjreftvkd&Sdonf
Tour Operator r(1)OD;? Admin Staff r(1)OD;? bGUJ &? tawGUt
BuKH&Sd&rnf/ t*Fvdyfpmaumif;
&rnf/ zkef;-201336 (kH;csdef)
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
ta&mif;0efxrf; - r 1 OD;
pm&if;udkif - r 1 OD;
atmifol&
"mwfykH-tifwmeuf
a&BuD;rIESifh &ifqdkifae&onfh xdkif;EdkifiHwpfae&m
bm;tH ajy;qGJaom um;crsm;

rSm ESpfqeD;yg;jrifhwufoGm;cJh
onf/
xdkif;EdkifiHwGif; a&BuD;epf
jrKyfrIrSm av;vcefYMumjrifhae
rav;&Sm;oHkH;u vdkifpif&
at*sifpDrsm;udk ac:,lawGYqHk
0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
oefY&Sif;a&;ESifh {nfhBudK usm; 1 OD;
wufae0ef;{nfh&dyfom
trSw(f 40)?ajrnDxyf? 21 vrf;?
vomNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
1/ Designer usm;? r 1 OD;/
2/ Web Design (uRrf;usif)
3/ aiGukdif - r 1 OD;
zkef;-382743
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
1/ Assistant Supervisor usm; 1 OD;? 2/ Receptionist r 4 OD;/
trSw(f 14)?bke;f Bu;D vrf;ESiu
fh rf;
em;vrf;axmifh? vrf;rawmfNrdKU
e,f?&efukefNrdKU/
--------------------------0efxrf;tjreftvkd&Sdonf
Sales Promoter - F 5 Posts
zke;f -298798?09-73208515
1/ pmMunfhwkdufrSL;(refae*sm?
pmMunfhwkduf)- 1 OD;?
2/ v^xpmMunfw
h u
dk rf LS ;-1 OD;
zke;f -519673?09-5141322
---------------------------
0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
oefY&Sif;a&;0efxrf;(nqkdif;)
2 OD;
a&Tykym;txl;ukaq;cef;
zkef;-556316? 556001
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
1/ pm&if;ppf (B.Com, C.P.A)?
2/ pm&if;ukdif (B.Com, LCCI
Level 3)? 3/ tdyfcef;aqmifref
ae*sm? 4/ F&B Waiter, Waitf ef;aqmif0efxrf;
ress ? 5/ tdyc
Inle Lake View Resort [kd
w,fESihf &efukefHk;csKyf
zkef;-248907?248908
Email: project@inlelakeview.
com
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
1. Clearance Agent - M/F 1
Post? 2. Documentation Assistant - M/F 1 Post? 3. Sales
Representative - M/F 1 Post
Int'l Freight For wading
Company
zkef;-656360
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
uGefysLwmpmpDpmkduf - r 2OD;
Min Thurein Publishing Services. zkef;-09-5148524
---------------------------
tcrJhaMumfjimu@
GP xki
d &f ef - q&m0ef 1 OD; tjref
ing
tvkd&Sdonf/
zke;f -254236?09-73036506
Vanda Curtain Shop
Japanese Language Instructor - 2 Post

Better Life ACTY Co., Ltd
- r 7 OD;? 2/ vdkufum Sale

& Marketing - r 5 OD ; ? 3/
taxGaxG0efxrf; - usm; 3 OD;?
4/ Store Keeper - r 3 OD;/
zkef;-664675
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
zkef;-382529
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
wkwfpum;jyef(uRrf;usif)r2 OD;
1. Ticketing Reservation
LIN YAUNG CHI (Jade, Gems
zkef;-392886?381945
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
1/ Operation Supervisor
- usm; 3 OD;? 2/ taxGaxG0ef
xrf; - usm; 5 OD;/
zkef;-09-73027733
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
1/ ta&mif ; 0ef x rf ; - usm;
2 OD;? 2/ Junior Accountant
- r 1 OD;/
zkef;-09-5157012? 378241
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
Art & Jewellery)
zkef;-09-5117152? 388745
--------------------------English Teacher (Female)
tvkd&Sdonf
wk w f q &mr( Volumteer )
tvkd&Sdonf/
zkef;-389173
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
Waiter - usm; 4 OD;
Zawgyi House Cafe
zkef;-380398?256355
(vkdif;cGJ-3027)
--------------------------0efxrf;tvkd&Sdonf
1/ Furniture Sale & Market-
(Male or Female)
2. Sales Manager - 2 Female
EXOTIC MYANMAR TRAVELS & TOURS
1. Marketing
2. Education Counselor
zkef;-652311?652297
--------------------------oef&Y iS ;f a&;0efxrf;tvk&d o
dS nf
trsKd;orD; - 2 OD;
touf(30)txuf
ynmt&nf t csif ; (4) wef ;
atmif
usef;rma&;aumif;&rnf/
oyf&yfoefY&Sif;&rnf/
vkyf&nfukdif&nfay: rlwnf
vcndEdIif;ay;rnf/
avQmufxm;&efvjynfh0ef;yvmZm(10)xyf/
--------------------------,mOfarmif;xrf;tvkd&Sdonf
usm; - 2 OD;
touf(30)txuf
usef;rma&;ESihf tusifhpm&dw
aumif;&rnf/
,mOaf rmif;uRr;f usirf aI y:rlwnf
vcnday;rnf/
avQmufxm;&efvjynfh0ef;yvmZm(10)xyf/
--------------------------0efxrf;tvdk&Sdonf
- Sale & Marketing (10)OD;?
- Graphic Designer (1)OD;?
- Casher (5)OD;
City Center
a&Twd*kHbk&m;vrf;ESifh taemf&
xmvrf ; axmif h ? av[mjyif
,mOf&yfem;uGif;? yef;bJwef;/
topfzGifhvSpfvdkufonfh tcrJhtvkyfac:aMumfjimu@wGif xnfhoGif;vdkygu 7Day News *sme,fwdkufodkY uGefysLwmpmdkufNyD; (1.5"x 2") xufrBuD;aomt&G,ftpm;jzifhvma&mufay;ydkYEdkifygonf/
trSefwu,f0efxrf;ac:,lvdkolrsm;om ,cku@udktokH;jyK&ef arwm&yfcHtyfygonf/
20
udk,fydkifausmif;rsm;udk rlvwef;? tv,fwef;? txufwef;ausmif;rsm;tjzpf oD;oefhydkif;jcm;zGifUcGifUjyK

aevif;xGef;
&efukef?
Ekd0ifbm-19
uk d , f y k d i f a usmif ; rsm; wnf
axmif&mwGif rlvwef;? tv,f
wef;ESifh txufwef;ausmif;
rsm;tjzpf oD;oefYykdif;jcm;zGifh
vSpfoifMum;jcif;ukd ynma&;
0efMuD;Xmeu cGifhjyKrnfjzpf
aMumif; jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmf
u twnfjyKvkdufonf/
,ckv 16 &ufwiG f usi;f y
aom jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
ukd,fykdifausmif; rSwfykHwifOy
a'Murf;ESifh pyfvsOf; ]]ukd,f
ykdifausmif;wnfaxmif zGifhvSpf
Ekdif&ef tykd'f 8? tykd'fcGJ(u)yg
vkt
d yfcsuEf iS hf pyfvsO;f a'o
qkdif&mtajctaeay:rlwnf
NyD; rlvwef;oD;oefYjzpfap? t
v,f w ef ; oD ; oef Y j zpf a p? t
xufwef; oD;oefYjzpfap ykdif;
jcm;zGiv
fh Spfjcif;ukd jynfaxmifpk
tpkd;& ynma&;0efMuD;Xmeu
cGifhjyKEkdifonf}} [k jznfhpGuf&ef
azmfjyxm;onf/
Oya'Murf; yl;aygif;aumf
rwDonf ukd,fykdifausmif;rSwf
ykHwif Oya'Murf;tm; jyifqif
csuf 6 csuf jznfhpGufcJhjcif;jzpf
jyD; txufygtcsufukd jyifqif
jznf h p G u f r I v nf ; yg0if c J h u m
vT w f a wmf u oabmrwl o l
r&SdonfhtwGuf twnfjyK&ef
qkH;jzwfcJhaMumif; EdkifiHykdif
owif;pmwGif azmfjyxm;onf/
]]t&rf;tqifajyoGm;yg
w,f/ t&ifu ig;wef;uae
q,fwef;xd ukd,fykdifausmif;
zGifhcGifh&r,fvkdY odxm;wmyg/
tcku ukd,ftqifajyr,fht
wef;ukd oD;oefYoifMum;cGifh&
r,fh oabm&Sdw,f/ t&ifu
owif;xGucf w
hJ hJ q,f{uqkw
d hJ
ausmif ; tus,f t 0ef ; vnf ;
owfrSwfxm;wm rawGU&wJht
wGuf 0rf;omygw,f}}[k q,f
ESpfausmfMum abmf'gausmif;
wnfaxmif zGifhvSpfxm;olwpf
OD;u qkdonf/
jyifqifcsufrsm;wGif rlv
Oya'Murf;\ tykd'f 8 tykd'f
cG J ( u)jzpf a om ]]tenf ; qk H ;
yOrwef;rS 'orwef;xd zGifh
vSpfoifMum;&ef pDrHxm;&Sdjcif;
tpm; tajccHynmrlvwef;
ausmif;? tv,fwef;ausmif;?
(okrYd [kw)f txufwef;ausmif;
ukd zGifhvSpf&ef pDrHxm;&Sdjcif;}}
[k jyifqifoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
ynma&;owif;wkdrsm;
ynm'ge *syefbmompum;
oifwef;rsm; zGifhrnf
jrefrmEkdifiH *syefjyefynmoifa[mif;rsm;toif;(MAJA)rS
*syefbmompum;oifwef;rsm;ukd vmrnfEh pS f Zefe0g&Dv 2 &uf
wGif pwifzGifhvSpfrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ oifwef;umv 3
vMumtwGuf usyf ckepfaxmifcefYay;oGif;&rnfjzpfNyD; 0ifcGifh
avQmufvTmrsm;tm; 'DZifbmvtwGif; urmat;bk&m;vrf;?
ykvu
J eG 'f &dk dS MAJA k;H cef;wGif avQmufxm;Ekid af Mumif;od&onf/
e,l;ZDvef ynmoifqk avQmufxm;Ekdif

zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;tm; ay;tyfaeonfh e,l;ZDvefynmqktpD
tpOftwGuf jrefrmausmif;om;rsm; avQmufxm;EkdifaMumif;
od&onf/ tpkd;&? yk*vduESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif tvkyf
vkyu
f idk af eolrsm;twGuf bGUJ vGet
f qifh ynm&yfrsm;ukd avhvm
oif,lEkdifrnfjzpfNyD; tao;pdwftm; www. aid.govt.nz wGif
0ifa&mufMunfhIEkdifonf/
olemjyKvufaxmufoifwef;
ynmoifqkavQmufEkdif
urm&GwfNrdKUe,f&Sd tkPfopfoifwef;ausmif;wGif olemjyK
vufaxmufoifwef;twGuf Ekd0ifbmv 25&uf aemufqkH;
xm; ynmoifqkavQmufxm;EkdifaMumif;od&onf/ oif
wef;aMu;wufa&muf&ef tcuftcJ&Sdolrsm;udk a&G;cs,fay;
tyfomG ;rnfjzpfNyD; oifwef;NyD;qk;H ygu rdru
d ,
dk pf m;jyK avQmuf
xm;aoma'otwGi;f tenf;qk;H 2ESpfuse;f rma&;apmifha&Smuf
rI jyKvkyfrnfjzpfaMumif; 0efcHcsufvufrSwfxkd;&rnfjzpfonf/
ynmoifqt
k wGuf tao;pdwt
f csut
f vufrsm;tm; http://
aryonethit.weebly. com/ wGif 0ifa&mufMunfhIEkdifonf/
usL;ausmf&yfuGuf&Sd ynm'geausmif;
aevif;xGef;
usK;ausmf&yfuGufxJ&Sd vrf;usOf;av;ay:wGif t&G,fpkHuav;i,frsm; ajy;vTm;aqmhupm;aeMu
onf/ vrf;ab;0J,mwGif wJomom tdrfusOf;av;rsm;ukd uyfvsuf aqmufvkyfxm;MuNyD; trkd;t
umrsm;u rvkHrNcKHjzpfaeonf/ if;usL;ausmf&yfuGufwGif oli,fwef;rS t|rwef;txd bmom&yfrsm;
tm; uav;i,frsm;twGufoifMum;ykdYcsaeaom tcrJh ynm'geausmif;wpfausmif; wnf&Sdae\/
arwmtdryf nm'geausmif; &SdroGm;ap&ef ynmoifMum; yg}}[k if;uqkdonf/
onf ajrmufOuvmyjrdKUe,f? ay;aejcif;jzpfNyD; &yfuGufxJ&Sd usK;ausmf & yf u G u f w G i f
2&yfuGuf? irkd;&dyfacsmif;urf; uav;i,frsm;onf tdrfay: uav;i,f r sm;tm; pmoif
eHab;&Sd usL;ausm&f yfuu
G w
f pfck wG i f vl r qH h vrf ; ay:xG u f Mum;aeonfrSm av;ESpfausmf
MumcJhNyDjzpfNyD; pwif oifMum;
wGif zGiv
hf pS x
f m;jcif;jzpfNy;D vuf aeMu&aMumif;&Sif;jyonf/
&SdcsdefwGif ausmif;om;wpf&m ]]uav;awG u k d jrif a e& csdefwGif uav;i,fESpfq,fcefY
ausmftm; ynmoif,lapvsuf wmukdu 'Dtwkdif; ypfxm;&if &SdcJhaomfvnf; ESpfpOf ausmif;
&S d o nf / ausmif ; wnf a xmif a&SUa&;raumif;bl;vkdY awG;rd om;OD;a& jrifhwufcJhonf/em
xm;onf h rl v wef ; ausmif ; w,f/ rlvwef; ausmif;q&m *pf r k e f w d k i f ; wk d u f c wf c sd e f w G i f
q&ma[mif ; wpf O D ; jzpf o l OD ; a[mif;jzpfw,f/ toufvnf; tdrfNydKoGm;jcif;aMumifh om;
at;jrifu
h uav;i,frsm; vrf; BuD;NyD/ igoifay;oifhw,fqkdwJh orD;rsm;aexkdif&m tdrfusOf;xJ
ay:avvGiahf eaomb0 a&muf tawG;eJYac:NyD; oifay;jzpfwm wGif ae&musyfusyfwnf;wnf;
od&onf/
abmf ' gausmif ; rsm;tm;
ukd,fykdifausmif; zGifhvSpfcGifhjyK
rnf[laom owif;rsm;onf
2009 ckESpfrS pwifxGufay:
vmcJjh cif;jzpfjy;D ,cktcg Oya'
Murf ; tm; twnf j yKjyD ; jzpf
aomaMumif h vmrnf h E S p f w G i f
ukd,fykdifausmif;rsm; w&m;0if
zGifhvSpfcGifh&&Sd&ef ausmif;wnf
axmifrnfo
h rl sm; apmifq
h idk ;f vsuf
&SdMuonf/
jzifh uav;i,frsm;tm; pmoif

Mum;cJhonf/
,cktcg pifumylEkdifiH&Sd
okrdwmyg&rDjznfhukokdvfjyKt
zGUJ rS ausmif;aqmufvyk f vSL'gef;
xm;jcif;aMumifh uav;rsm;t
wGuf ae&mtqifajyvsu&f NdS yD;
ausmif;om;OD;a& 100 ausmx
f d
a&muf&SdvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
]]'Dausmif;BuD; aqmufwJh
ae&mrSm t&ifutdrfa[mif;
av;&Sdw,f/ tJh'DrSmoifwmyg/
tJ't
D rd u
f em*pfaMumifh NyKd omG ;
w,f/ 'Dausmif;tvSL&Sifay:
vmwJt
h wGuf pmoifMum;&wm
awmf a wmf a v; tqif a csm
w,f / t&if u pmoif & wm
vnf; pdwfnpf&ovkd pma&;
ud&,
d mtwGuv
f nf; pdwn
f pf&
w,f/ xpfceJqkd ylae&jyD/pm
oifwJhtcgrSmvnf; tdrfae&m
usOf;usOf;MuyfMuyfrSmqkdawmh
'kua&mufwmaygh/ tcku
awmh ajymp&mukd rvkad wmhb;l /
acsmifacsmifcsdcsdjzpfoGm;ygjyD/
'Dausmif;av;ukd &vkdufwm
b0rSm tajymif;tvJtcsKd;t
qpf wpfauGUygyJ}}[k OD;at;jrifh
uajymonf/
arwmtdryf nm'geausmif;
onf ausmif ; om;OD ; a&jrif h
wufvmrIESifhtwl pmoifMum;
rnfhq&mtiftm;ESifh ausmif;
aeYpOf tokH;p&dwftwGuf t
cuftcJ MuHKawGUae&onf/
pmoifMum;rItwGuf q&mjzpf
oifwef;wufa&mufzl;jcif;r&Sd
aom bGJU&NyD;pESifh ta0;oif
wu o k d v f w uf a &muf a eol
rsm;udk apwemh0efxrf;vli,f
rsm;tjzpf tm;uk d ; ae&NyD ;
ausmif; oifaxmufulypnf ;
rsm;twGufvnf; vkdtyfcsuf
rsm;&Sdaeonf/
]]vuf&Sd ausmif;p&dwfu
wpfvukd (usyf)av;ig;aomif;
yJ okH;Ekdifw,f/
pm(22)okdY
22
Education
pm-21? usL;ausmf&yfuGuf&Sd ynm'geausmif; rS
tvSL&Sifu wpfcgwav vmwmyJ&Sdw,f/ ykHrSeftvSLawmhr&Sdbl;/
tck tcuftcJu aeYpOftokH;p&dwfaygh/ tokH;p&dwf ravmufwJh
twGuf pdwfawmhnpfwmaygh/'gayrJh pmroif& vkH;0raeEkdifawmh
bl;/ tdy&f mxJu rxEkid rf o
S m roifjzpfawmhb;l }}[k txufygyk*Kd vf
uqkdonf/
ynm'geausmif;wGif wufa&mufaeMuaom uav;i,frsm;
\ 90&mckdifEIef;onf tpkd;&ausmif; wufa&mufaeaom uav;
i,frsm;jzpfMujyD; ausmif;vkH;0raezl;aomuav;i,frsm;ukdvnf;
ynmoifMum;ay;aeaMumif; if;uajymonf/
]]orD;u (ajrmufOuvm) t.v.u(6)rSm ig;wef;wuf
aew,f/ 'DrmS wufaewm ok;H ESpaf vmuf&NdS y/D armifErS ckepfa,muf&dS
w,f/ orD;atmufrSm armifav;ESpfa,muf&Sdw,f/azBuD;u vuf
orm;vkyw
f ,f/arBu;D utdrrf mS yJ/ orD;u yef;csq
D &mrBu;D jzpfcsiyf g
w,f}} [k tqkdygausmif;wGif ynmoifMum;aeaom ausmif;ol
wpfOD;uqkdonf/ arwmtdrfynm'geausmif;wGif ausmif;om;
223OD; pm&if;ay;oGif;xm;aomfvnf; uav;100ausmfom
ykrH eS w
f ufa&mufavh&NdS yD; tdrrf u
I pd r sm;aqmif&u
G &f jcif;ESihf rdom;pk
pm;0wfaea&;cufcjJ cif;wkaYd Mumifh twef;rwufEidk af omuav;rsm;
&SdaeaMumif;od&onf/
]]ausmif; ykHrSefrwufEkdifMuwm qif;&JwJhjyemaygh/pm;0wf
aea&;usyw
f nf;wJt
h wGuf rdb0kid ;f ulvyk af y;w,f/aps;0kid ;f a&mif;&
w,f/ tdrfrSm xrif;csuf? uav;xdef;aygh/tJh'DudpawGaMumifh
uav;awGu ausmif;ysufwmrsm;aew,f}} [k OD;at;jrifhuajym
onf/ a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ vrf;Terf jI zifh trsK;d om;'Drdk ua&pD
tzGJUcsKyf(NLD)rS vli,frsm;zGJUpnf;xm;aom tarhtdrf ynma&;
uGef&ufwGif arwmtdrfynm'geausmif;yg0ifvIyf&Sm;aqmif&Guf
vsuf&Sdonf/
NrdKUjywGif aexkdifrI rsm;jym;vmcsdefwGif usL;ausmf&yfuGufrsm;
vnf; wkd;yGm;vmvsuf&Sd&m arwmtdrfuJhokdY tcrJh ynm'geausmif;
rsm;u csKdUwJhaom uav;i,fav;rsm;twGuf vkdtyfvsuf&Sdonf/
ynma&;uGef&uf &efyHkaiGyGJ a':atmifqef;pkMunf wufa&muf zGifhvSpfrnf

at;olpH
&efukef? Ekd0ifbm 17
a':atmifqef;pkMunf acgif;
aqmifaom 'Dru
dk a&pDueG &f uf
rsm;wG i f tygt0if w pf c k j zpf
onfh ynma&;uGef&uf\ &ef
yHkaiG&SmazGyGJtjzpfjyKvkyfrnhf
aps;a&mif;yGJawmfudk Ekd0ifbm
21 &ufwGif ,k'oefaumvdyf
jyKvk y f r nf j zpf N yD ; uG e f & uf
rsm;\acgif;aqmif a':atmif
qef;pkMunfwufa&muf zGiv
hf pS f
ay;rnf j zpf a Mumif ; yG J p D p Of o l
udkrsKd;&efaemifodef; (aA'gtif
pwDusL'f)u ajymonf/
]]'DyGJav;u ynma&;uGef
&ufatmufrSm&SdMuwJh ausmif;
awG? pmMunhfwkdufawG Oyrm

tarhtdrf? atmifqef;*smrGef;?
atmifqef;yifvHk? aA'g pwJh
ausmif;awGu aps;qkdifcef;awG
zGihfNyD;a&mif;r,f/ 'gudk kyf&Sif
okyfaqmifawG? tEkynm&Sif
awG u 0d k i f ; 0ef ; ul n D a y;Mu
r,f/ &&Sdvmr,fh &efyHkaiGawG
udk ynma&;vkyfief;rSm jyefjyD;
pDrHcefYcGJzdkY bbOD;wifOD;udk tyf
ESx
H m;rSmyg/ vufrw
S w
f pfapmif
udk wpfaxmifusyfEIef;eJYuRef
awmfwdkY a&mif;csoGm;rSmyg}} [k
4if;u ajymjyonf/
azsmfajza&;tpDtpOfrsm;
udk aw;oH&Sifaqmif;OD;vdIifu
pD p Of a qmif & G u f a eNyD ; ]]yG J u
reuf 10 em&Duae naexd

awmufavQmufqkdawmh wpf
em&DcpJG mavmufukd azsmaf jza&;
twG u f pD p Of x m;w,f / y&d
owfeJY &if;&if;ESD;ESD;pum;av;
bmav;ajymr,f/ y&dowfem;
axmifcsifwJhoDcsif;av;awGqkd
jyr,f/ uRefawmfu tqkdawmf
awGudk arwmeJYulnDMuzdkY zdwf
Mum;xm;ygw,f/ 'DxJurS udk
&if * d k ? uAsmbG J U rS L ;? rD ; rD ; cJ w k d Y
tzGJUuawmh aocsmayguf vm
r,f/ aemuf [pfa[mhyftkyfpk
xJ u te* w d k Y t zG J U ygr,f /
ynma&;twG u f vk y f w mrk d Y
rGefjrwfygw,f/ tm;vHk; vm
a&mufyg0ifqifETJMuygvdkY zdwf
ac:ygw,f}} [k aqmif;OD;vdIif
uajymonf/
,if; &efyHkaiG aps;a&mif;yGJ
udk a':atmifqef;pkMunfu
,if;aeY eHeuf 10 em&DwGif
wufa&mufzGihfvSpfay;rnfjzpf
jyD; rdefYcGef;vnf;ajymMum;rnf
jzpfaMumif; udkrsKd;&efaemifodef;
uajymonf/ a':atmifqef;
pkMunfOD;aqmifaom 'Drkdua&
pDuGef&ufwGif a&SUaeuGef&uf?
obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;
a&; tzGJUrsm;uGef&uf? ynma&;
uGef&uf? usef;rma&;uGef&uf?
vlrItusKd;jyKtzGJUrsm; uGef&uf
pojzifh uGef&ufrsm; yg0ifcsdwf
qufxm;aMumif; od&onf/
INTO tzGJY rS &mEIef;jynfUynmoifqktwGuf vma&mufaqG;aEG;rnf

oD[
&efukef?Edk0ifbm-19
tar&duefESifh t*FvefEdkifiHrS wuodkvfrsm;jzpfMuonfh University
of East Anglia, University of Exeter, Newcastle University,
Queen's University of Belfast, Glasgow Caledonian University rsm;rS jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf &mEIef;jynfhynmoifqk
rsm;ay;tyf&ef vma&mufa&G;cs,frnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/

tqdyk gwuov
kd rf sm;rS Business, Social Science, Engineering, Computing, Biological, Biomedical Science ,Pharmacy Program
tp&Sd onfhbmom&yfrsm;twGuf ynmoifqkrsm;ay;tyfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/ tqdkyg ynmoifqkay;tyfjcif;ESifhywfouf
EdkifiHwumynma&;qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;wpfckjzpfonfh INTO tzGJUrS vmrnfh 26 &ufwGif Regent Hk;cef;vma&mufaqG;aEG;ajymMum;rnf
jzpfonf/ tqdyk g ynma&;qdik &f mtzGUJ tpnf;onf urmx
h yd w
f ef; wuov
kd rf sm;odYk 0ifciG &hf &SEd ikd &f eftwGuf wuov
kd t
f ajccHtwef;rsm;ESihf
bGJUvGef'Dyvdkrmtwef;rsm;zGifhvSpfoifMum;ay;vsuf&Sdaom tzGJUtpnf;wpfckjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
Vol.10,
Vol.9,No.36
No.29 November
October 724
, 2010
, 2011
yd#uwfokH;ykH rl&if;usrf;rsm;udk
Apple ypnf;rsm;wGif zwfIEkdifNyD
wkwfu jrefrmudk
xl;oefY
wkwfEkdifiH? ab*sif; Xinwei
ukrPDu if;wkdY\ McWiLL
enf;ynmudk jrefrmEkid if o
H m;ydik f
Link Global ukrPDodkY ,aeY
w&m;0if v J G a jymif ; ay;tyf
vdkufonf/

tqkdyg enf;ynm vJT
ajymif;ay;tyfjcif; tcrf;tem;
ud k aejynf a wmf & S d jrwf a wmf
0if[dkw,f ,aeYjyKvkyfcJhjcif;
jzpfNyD; wkwfukrPDu enf;
ynmydkif;qkdif&m oifwef;rsm;
McWiLL enf;ynmay;tyf
ydkYcsjcif;ESifh enf;ynmyHhydk;jcif;
rsm;ud k aqmif & G u f o G m ;rnf
jzpfaMumif;? ,if;enf;ynmrsm;
vufcH&,laom Link Global
ukrPDu xkwfvkyfrItydkif;ESifh
csd K U,G i f ; rI r sm; jyKjyif a &;ud k
aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
wm0ef&SdolwkdY\ ajymMum;csuf
t& od&Sd&onf/
]]a'oqkdif&m ukrPDtm;
enf ; ynmvJ T a jymif ; ay;tyf
G f
wmaMumifh McWiLL qufo,
a&; Terminal rsm;udk xkwfvkyf
EkdifwJhtwGuf jrefrmhqufoG,f
a&;u@rSm xkwfvkyfrItopf
wpf & yf atmif j rif p G m pd k u f x l
EkdifrSm jzpfygw,f}} [k wkwf
ukrP
rD S wm0ef&o
dS u
l ajymMum;
onf/ Link Global ukrP
rD S t
rI a qmif T e f M um;a&;rS L ;csKyf
OD;aZmf0if;uvnf; Terminal
54 vk;H wnfaqmufomG ;rnfjzpf
aMumif; McWiLL zkef;rsm;udk
usyf 560000 (tifwmeufyg)
EIef;jzifh NrdKUBuD;rsm;? a0;vHaom
NrdKUrsm;wGif okH;pJGvsuf&SdaMumif;
vmrnfh vtenf;i,ftwGif;
tjcm;zkef;rsm;enf;wl McWiLL
zk e f ; rsmud k v nf ; ouf o mpG m

0,f,o
l ;Hk pJcG iG &hf &Srd nfjzpf aMumif;
ajymMum;onf/
ab*sif; Xinwei ukrPD
onf wkwfEkdifiH\ rlydkifjzpf
aom Broadband Wireless
Access enf;ynmudk SCDMA,
CDMA ? if;rSwpfqifh McWiLL
ponfh qufo,
G af &;enf;ynm
rsm;udk wDxGifcJhNyD; u@toD;
oD;wGif ok;H pJv
G su&f u
dS m tqkyd g
enf;ynmudk Ekid if aH ygif; 23 Ekid if H
wGif okH;pJGvsuf&SdaMumif; od&
onf/
tmqD,HqufoG,fa&;nDvmcHwGif Broadband pepftaMumif;xnfY oGif;pOfpm;rnf

,kZeukdukd
yd#uwfoHk;yHkrl&if;usrf;rsm;udk Apple ypnf;rsm;jzpfaom iPad,
iPod ESifh iPhone tp&dSonfh ypnf;rsm;ay:wGiftoHk;jyKzwfI
EkdifNyDjzpfaMumif; owif;&&dSonf/
k sr;f pm
,if;uJo
h Ydk Apple ypn;f rsm;ay:wGif yd#uwfo;kH yHu
rsm; xnfo
h iG ;f zwfEI idk &f eftwGuf ,if;\tGev
f idk ;f pwk;d jzpfaom
Apple Store ay:wGif tcrJha'gif;avmh'f&,lEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
xkduo
hJ Ykd bk&m;a[musr;f pmrsm;ukd tGev
f dik ;f ay:rSwpfqifh
tcrJh&,loHk;pJGEkdif&ef &efukefNrdKU? '*HkNrdKUe,f&dS pdef&wem bkef;
awmfBuD; ausmif;wkdufrS q&mawmft&Sif aÈmbmou pDpOf
aqmif&Gufay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf[kod&onf/
iOS Application jzpfaom xkdyd#uwfoHk;yHkusrf;rsm;udk
http://itunes.apple.com/app/vatthuguide/id478
242905?mt=8 ay:wGif &,loHk;pJGEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
f ek rf sm;ay:wGif
,if;usr;f pmrsm;udk ,ckuo
hJ Ykd Apple xkwu
toHk;jyKEkdifjcif;tjyif Android ESifh Tablet uJhodkY ypnf;rsm;ay:
wGifyg toHk;jyKEkdif&efqufvufaqmif&Gufay;oGm;rnf[k od&
onf/
,kZeukdukd
jrefrmEdik if u
H tdr&f iS t
f jzpfvuf
cHusi;f yrnfhtmqD,q
H ufo,
G f
a&;0efBu;D rsm; nDvmcHwiG f Broadband tifwmeufpepfrsm;
udk tqifhjrifhpGmoHk;pJGvmEkdif
a&;ESiyhf wfoufaom taMumif;
t&mrsm;udk xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;
oGm;rnf[k jrefrmhqufo,
G af &;
vk y f i ef ; \ owif ; tcsuf t
vufEiS hfenf;ynmXmerStif*sif
eD,mcsKyfuajymonf/
tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;\ quf
oG,af &;0efBu;D rsm;wufa&muf
rnfh tqkdygnDvmcHwGif a'o
wGif;EdkifiHrsm;\ owif;tcsuf
tvufpD;qif;Ekdirf Itajctae
rsm;udk t"duaqG;aEG;rIrsm;jyK
vkyo
f mG ;rnfjzpfNy;D Broadband
tifwmeufpepfudk jrefrmEkdifiH
wGif ydrk u
dk s,jf yefpY mG toH;k jyKvm
Edik &f eftwGuf xdu
k o
hJ x
Ykd nfh oGi;f
aqG;aEG;&efpDpOfxm;&jcif;jzpf
aMumif;od&onf/
]]ba&mhbef; tifwmeuf
qufoG,frIpepfeJYywfoufNyD;
awmhu t"duu jrefrmEdkifiH
&JU tifwmeufoHk; pJGEkdifrItajc
taeudk ydNk y;D xdxd a&mufa&muf
tqifhjrSifhwifay;EkdifzkdYeJY EdkifiH
tcsi;f csi;f rSm 'Dpepfuckd sw
d q
f uf
toH;k jyKEidk af tmifyg}} [k txuf
ygwm0ef & d S o l u quf v uf
ajymonf/
xdktmqD,HqufoG,fa&;
0efBuD;rsm;nDvmcHwGif a'o
wGi;f Ekid if rH sm;tygt0if Oa&my
or* r S Ekd i f iH t csd K U yg0if rnf
jzpfonf/
tpnf ; ta0;uk d 2012?
'DZifbm3&ufrS9&uftxdckepf
&ufwdwdusif;yjyKvkyfrnfjzpf
aMumif; od&onf/
xkdYtjyif xkdnDvmcHwGif
jrefrmEkdifiH\ owif;tcsuft
vuf E S i f h quf o G , f a &;u@
ESihf ywfoufaom aejynfawmf
aMunmpmwrf;wpfapmifudkyg
xkwfa0oGm;rnf[k txufyg
wm0ef&dSolxHrSod&onf/
NyD;cJhonfh 2011 ckESpf\
xkdnDvmcHudk rav;&Sm;EkdifiHu
tdrf&SiftjzpfvufcHusif;ycJh
onf/
,ckESpf aejynfawmfc&kdif
wGifusif;yrnfh ,if;tmqD,H
0efBuD;rsm; nDvmcH jynfwGif;?
jynfyrS rD'D,mrsm;udk owif;
rsm; wufa&muf&,lcGifhjyKoGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
24
Tech
bm;urfh&efukef wwd,tBudrf usif;yrnf
,kZeudkudk
enf;ynmESihfywfoufqufE,
T f
aeonfhrnfonfh taMumif ;
t&mrsd K ;ud k r qk d rnf o l r qk d
vGwfvyfpGmwufa&muf aqG;
aEG;Edkifonfh bm;urfh&efukefukd
wwd,tBudrfajrmuf usif;y
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;owif;&&dS
onf/
bm;urfhqkdonfrSm enf;
ynmESifh ywfoufqufET,fae
onfh taMumif;t&mudpwkdif;
udk owfrSwfxm;aom ae&m
wpfckwGif rnfolrqkd vGwfvyf

pGm aqG;aEG;? a[majym? wuf
a&mufEkdifonfh awGYqHkyJGwpfck
jzpfonf/
touft&G,f? tvkyft
udkifuefYowfxm;jcif;r&dSonfh
xdb
k m;urfah wGq
Y ykH u
GJ dk 2012 az
azmf0g&D 11 ESihf 12 &ufrsm;wGif
&efukefNrdKU? vdiI w
f uov
d k ef ,fajr
&djS refrmtifzw
dk ufc0f if;twGi;f
usif;ay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
,if; Barcamp Yangan 2012
pDpOfolrsm;xHrSod&onf/
wwd,tBudrfajrmufjyK
vkyfrnfh Barcamp Yangon

2012 odkY EdkifiHwumrS BarcaS rf sm;xuf
mper rsm;rSm ,cifEp
yd k r d k w uf a &muf r nf h taet
xm;wGif&dSaeaMumif; ,if;awGY
qHkyJGudk pDpOfolrsm;xJrS wm0ef
&dSolwpfOD;jzpfaom OD;wifxl;
cdkifuajymonf/
xdkYtjyif ,ckwpfacguf
usif;yrnfh tqdkygbm;urfhokdY
wufa&mufvmolrsm; tifwm
euftoHk;jyKEkdif&eftwGuf tc
rJh 0kid zf ikd t
f ifwmeufZek rf sm;udyk g
ay;xm;rnfjzpfNyD; wufa&muf
vmolrsm; ,laqmifvmonfh
uG e f y sLwmES i f h q uf p yf y p n f ;
rsm; udk yg0goGif;,lEkdifrnfh rD;
yvyfaygufrsm;udkyg trsm;t
jym;pDpOfay;xm;rnfjzpfonf/
,cifESpfrsm;uJhodkYyif bm;
urfah wGq
Y ykH o
GJ Ykd wufa&mufvm
olrsm;teufrS tvkyt
f udik v
f dk
tyfaeonfh vli,frsm;twGuf
jynfwGif;enf;ynmukrPDrsm;
taejzifh tvkyftudkifac:,ll
jcif;rsm;udyk g jyKvyk af y;oGm;rnf
jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
eH e uf 9 em&D r S nae 6
em&Dtxd usif;yrnfh ,if;bm;
urfh&efukef 2012 onf &efukef
NrdKUwGif wwd,tBudrfajrmuf
jyKvkyfjcif; jzpfonf/
2010 jynfhESpfu pwifjyK
vkyfcJhonfh bm;urfhodkY wuf
a&mufcJhonfh vlOD;a&ta&t
wGufonf wpfurmvHk;twkdif;
twmtm;jzifh wufa&mufol
trsm;qHk;pHcsdefwifEdkifcJhonfh yJG
wpfyJGjzpfcJhonf/
25
Interview
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIESifh ukrPDrsm;nTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme 'kwd,nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfESifh awGYqkHjcif;

rmEkdifiHtaejzifh EkdifiHjcm;&if;EDS;jrKyfESHrIu@jzpfay:ae
aomvwfwavmtajymif;tvJqkdif&m owif;tcsuft
vufrsm;tm; aejynfawmf&Sd &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIESifhukrPDrsm; TefMum;
rIOD;pD;XmerS 'kwd,nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;atmifEdkifOD;ESihf ar;jref;
cGihf&cJhonf/
Ekid if jH cm; &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS I vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;onf 2011 Zlvidk v
f rS puf
wifbmvtxd jrefrmEkid if H &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS aI umfr&Sio
f Ykd Ekid if aH ygif; 11
Ekid if rH S pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm; vma&muf pD;yGm;a&;udp& yfrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;cJhjcif;tay: ar;jref;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
txufygEkdifiHrsm;rSm udk&D;,m;EkdifiH? *syefEkdifiH? pifumylEkdifiH?
wkwfEkdifiH? xkdif;EkdifiH? rav;&Sm;EkdifiH? AD,uferfEkdifiH? MopaMw;vs
Ekid if ?H a[mifaumif? tdE,
d ESihf k&mS ;Ekid if w
H Ykd onf pkpak ygif; 24 Burd cf efY
vma&mufaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/
'kw,
d TeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;atmifEikd Of ;D ESihf 7Day News u
ar;jref;xm;onfrsm;udk aumufEkwfazmfjyvdkufygonf/
jref
ZmZmEdk? ausmfoD[
tck vma&muf c J h w J h Ek d i f i H
aygif; 11 EdkifiHupD;yGm;a&; vkyf
ief;&SifawG[m b,fvdku@
rsKd;awGrSm &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIvkyfzdkY
&SdygovJ/
bPf;Hk cJw
G nfaqmufjcif;?
yk*v
u
d ausmif;wnfaqmufjcif;
vkyfief;awGrSm vma&muf&if;
ESD;jrKyfESHrnfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;
aqG;aEG;cJhMuygw,f/
jref r mEk d i f i H r S m vma&muf
NyD; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHwJh EkdifiH trsm;pk
u obm0"mwfaiGU? a&tm;
vQypf pfpwJu
h @awGrSmomrsm;
aeNy;D jynfwiG ;f &JU ukex
f w
k v
f yk f
tydkif;awGrSma&m &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI
vkyfzdkY tpDtpOfr&Sdbl;vm;/
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm vma&muf
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHwJh EkdifiHtrsm;pku
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIyrmPtrsm;pku
obm0"mwfaiGUvkyfief;? a&
tm; vQyf p pf v k y f i ef ; awG r S m
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm;&Sdovdk rwnf
aiG&if; rrsm;ayr,fh tusKd;t
jrwf jyefay:EIef; jrefqefwJhpD
trf y D ( tao;pm;puf r I ) vk y f
ief;rsm;rSmvnf; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI
awG wkd;wufjzpfay:zdkYvmNyD;
n d E I d i f ; aqmif & G u f w mawG yg
w,f/
,ck vma&mufaqG;aEG;wJh
tzJGUawGrSm Oa&myEkdifiHawG r
awGUao;bl;qkdawmh 'DEidk if aH wG
ua&mvmzd&Yk ydS govm;/
jrefrmEkdifiHudk vma&muf
aqG;aEG;wJh txJrSm tckavm
avmq,frSm vma&mufaqG;
aEG;rI r&Sdao;ayr,fh cGifhjyKNyD;
jzpfwJh a&eHESifh obm0"mwf
aiGUvkyfief;awGrSm Oa&myEkid if H
rsm;jzpfwJh qkdufy&pf? jyifopf?

k&Sm;? NAdwdefpwJh EkdifiHrsm; &if;ESD;
jrKyfESHrIrsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/
vuf&SdjrefrmEkdifiHrSm trsm;
qkH; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHwJh EkdifiHeJY &if;ESD;
jrKyfESHrI yrmPwefzdk;awGb,f
avmuf&ydS govJ/ b,fvyk if ef;
awGrmS &if;ED;S jrK yEf x
SH m;ygovJ/
jrefrmEkdifiH\ trsm;qkH;
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIjyKvkyfwJh EkdifiHrsm;
pm&if;uawmh pufwifbmv
uket
f xd wkwEf idk if u
H tar&d
uefa':vm 9603 'or 168
rD v D , H ? xk d i f ; Ek d i f i H u tar&d
uefa':vm 9568 'or 093
rDvD,H? a[mifaumifu tar
&d u ef a':vm 6308 'or
495 rD v D , H ? ud k & D ; ,m;Ek d i f i H
tar&d u ef a ':vm 2938
'or 857 rDvD,H pwJhyrmP
awGeJY &if;ESD;jrKyfESHxm;ygw,f/
jrefrmEkid if rH mS Ekid if jH cm; &if;
ESD;jrKyfESHrI trsm;qkH; jyKvkyfwJh
u@awGuawmh a&tm; vQyf
ppfu@? a&eHobm0"mwfaiGU
u@? owKu@eJY pufrIu@
wdkYjzpfygw,f/
jrefrmEkdifiH EkdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;
jrK yEf rHS rI mS tBu;D pm;? tvwfpm;?
ti,f p m;[l cJ G j cm;xm;NyD ;
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHEkdifwJh tcsdefumv
twkdif;twmudkodcsifygw,f/
Ek d i f i H j cm; &if ; ES D ; jr K yf E S H r I
Oya'ESifh pyfvsOf; ajrtokH;
jyKcGifh trdefYaMumfjimpmt& ajr
iSm;&rf;cGifh(odkYr[kwf)ajrtokH;
jyKciG u
hf mvudk pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;
trsKd;tpm;eJY &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI yrm
Pay:rlwnfum ueOD; ESpf 30
ESifh wpfqufwnf; oufwrf;
pm-13? 0vGef;? ydefvGef;olrsm; rS

xdYk tjyif ykrH eS &f moDrvmjcif;? ykH
rSe&f moDrvmonft
h wGuf om;
Ora<ujcif;jzpf uav;&Ekdif
&ef rvG , f u l j cif ; ? uav;t
vG,w
f ul jywfusEidk jf cif;? aygif
rjynfhonfhuav;rsm; arG;zGm;
Ekdifjcif; ponfhtajctaersm;
vnf; jzpfay:apEkdifonf/
]]tav;csdefudk trSefuef
qkH;jzpfatmif wGufcsufxm;
wmawG v nf ; &S d w ,f / trsKd ;
orD;wpfa,mufqdk t&yf 5 ay
qk&d if aygif 100 u ykrH eS yf /J 5 ay
xuf wpfvufrausmfwkdif; 5
aygifwufomG ;&r,f/ a,musmf ;
av;qdv
k nf; 5 ayrSm 106 aygif
&Sd&r,f/ wpfvufr wufvm
wkdif; 6 aygifwufoGm;wJhEIef;eJY
wGuf csuEf idk w
f ,f/ tJ'g&vmwJh
tav;csed u
f &So
d if&h x
dS u
dk w
f hJ t
av;csdefyJ}} [k a'gufwmpdk;vGif
u ajymMum;onf/
tpmpm;ok;H onfh ykpH o
H nf
vnf; usef;rma&;tm;aumif;
rGefapoifhaomfvnf; pm;vkduf
onfhtpmonf tm[m&rjzpf
bJ tqdyjf zpfomG ;aponfhtpm;
taomuf r sm;vnf; &Sdojzifh
qifjcifoifah Mumif; od&onf/
tpmpm;ok H ; onf h t cg
wGif pm;vkdufNyD;qdk;usKd;rsm;jzpf
aponfrsm;vnf; &Sd&m tpm
pm;onfhtcg rqmvQif rpm;
jcif;? tvGeftuRHjynfhwif;ap
&ef pm;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;? rdrd
ESifh rwnfhonfh tpm;tpmrsm;
tm; qifjcifjcif;? tm;em pm;
jcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;? ESajrm
pm;jcif;tm; qifjcifjcif;? tv
um;&onf h t wG u f trsm;t
jym; pm;okH;jcif;rsm;onf rdrd
tm; a0'emrsm;om jzpfapEkdif
onftm; owdjyKoifhaMumif;
od&onf/
]]tpmpm;NyD;wJhtcg pm;
NyD;&if auseyfrI&Sd&r,f/ tpm
tpm;u vkt
d yfwAhJ w
D mrif"mwf
awGeJYvnf; nDnGwfrQw&r,f/
enf;enf;eJY cPcP pm;&r,f/

NyD;awmh jznf;jznf;eJYaMunuf
atmif pm;oifhw,f}} [k tqdk
yg q&m0efuajymonf/
tpm;tpmrsm;tm; jznf;
jznf;pm;oifo
h nft
h aMumif;rSm
OD;aESmuftwGif;&Sd tpm;tpm
vdktyfrIudk xdef;csKyfonfh t
pdwftydkif;rsm;onf tpm;t
aomufpm;onfhtcg Akdufjynfh?
rjynf h qk H ; jzwf E k d i f & ef tcsd e f
rdepf 20 vdktyfonfhtwGuf
xrif;pm;onfhtcg rdepf 20
cefYMumatmif pm;oifhaMumif;
od&onf/
]]tpm;taomuf pm;w,f
qdkwm wpf&ufwnf;twGuf
pm;wmr[kwfygbl;/ wpfouf
vkH;pm;&rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf owd
xm;NyD ; tqd y f r jzpf o G m ;ap
atmif owdxm;oifhw,f}} [k
a'gufwmpdk;vGifu ajymMum;
onf/ rdrdwGif cHpm;ae&onfh
a&m*ga0'emrsm; r&Sad omfvnf;
wdk;cGifh 15 ESpf (2) Budrf pkpkaygif;

ESpf 60 Mum iSm;&rf;cGifhay;xm;
ygw,f/
t&ifu &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS 0I g'awG
udk jyifqifjcif;? topfjznfhpGuf
jcif;rsm; &Sdygovm;/
Oya'eJaY qmif&u
G w
f hJ &if;ES;D jrK yf
ESHolawGudk ajriSm;&rf;aqmif
&Guf&mwGif vG,fultqifajy
atmifjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzJGU
rS ajrydkifqkdif&m trdefYaMumfjim
pmtrSwf 39^2011 ESifh EkdifiH
jcm;aiGqidk &f m trdeaYf Mumfjimpm
trSwf 40^2011 udk xkwfjyef
cJhygw,f/
EkdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI rl0g'
ajymif;vJjyifqif&jcif;taMumif;
udk odcsifygw,f/
rl0g'rsm;teuf EkdifiH\pD;yGm;
a&;taqmufttkH wpfckvkH;
ajymif ; vJ w k d ; wuf z d k Y e J Y acwf
avsmfnD&eftwGuf ajrydkifqkdif
&m EkdifiHjcm;aiGydkifqkdif&m jyif
qifjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfygw,f/
Ek d i f i H j cm; &if ; ES D ; jr K yf E S H r I e J Y
ywfoufNyD; trsKd;om; tusKd;
pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;rSm jynfwiG ;f
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;taeeJY b,ft
csuftvufawGudk vkdufem&
rnf? a&SmifMuOf&r,fqdkwmudk
tao;pdwf odvdkygw,f/
jynfwGif;vkyfief;&SifawG
taeeJY EdkifiH&JU pD;yGm;a&;zHGYNzdK;
wdk;wufrIrSm ta&;ygwJh &if;
ED;S jrK yEf rHS v
I yk if ef;awGrmS rorm
wJh enf;eJY vkyfudkifjcif;rjyKbJ

EkdifiHawmfu csrSwfxm;wJhOy
a'? pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;awGudk
vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rSmjzpfo
vd k a'oqk d i f & mrS m vnf ; rd r d
EkdifiHrS yg0iftaumiftxnf
azmfaeaom pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m
oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm;&JU azmfjy
csufawGtay: rsufjcnfrjywf
avhvmxm;zdkY vdktyfygw,f/
EkdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrSm
EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;twGuf b,f
vdk tcGifhta&;rsm; Oya'rSm
jy|mef;xm;ygovJ/
EkdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrSm
Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm;tm; tcGeq
f idk f
&m uif;vGwfcGifh? oufomcGifh
rsm;? EkdifiHjcm;aiGvTJajymif;cGifh?
EkdifiHjcm;om; trIxrf; cefYxm;
cGifh? EkdifiHydkif rjyKvkyfa&;tmr
cHcsuf pwJhtcGifhta&;awGrsm;
udk ay;xm;ygw,f/
trsm;jynfolrsm; odoifh? od
xkdufonfh &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI rl0g'
rsm; jznfhpGufajzMum;ay;yg/
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI tqifajy
acsmarGUapa&;ESihf &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS I
jyKvkyf&mwGif 0efaqmifrIay;
onft
h aeeJY &if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS I owif;
tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;&SmazG
jrifhwifa&;tzJGUudk zJGUpnf;xm;
w,f/ aejynfawmfrSm tywf
pOf aomMumaeY v,f1 em&D
rSm TeMf um;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;aqmif
Ny;D oufqidk &f mXmerS wm0ef&o
dS l
rsm;yg0ifum vufcHawGUqkHnd
EIdif;ay;vsuf&Sdygw,f/
/
pm-13? ta&jym;uifqm rS
pdwf"mwfusaewJo
h w
l pfa,muf
tm; usef;rmonf[k owfrSwf
r&EkdifbJ vlwpfa,muft
ae aygif;oif;qufqHa&;? pdwf
ykdif;qkdif&m? kyfydkif;qkdif&mawG
jynfph aHk e&efvnf; vdt
k yfaMumif;
a'gufwmpdk;vGifu qD'dk;em;[dk
w,fwGif jyKvkyfcJhonfh usef;rm
a&;a[majymyJG ajymMum;cJh
onf/
trsKd ; orD ; rsm;taejzif h
vnf ; rd r d \ tvS t yw&m;
wpfct
k wGuo
f m r[kwb
f u
J se;f
rmonfh cEmudk,fwpfckjzpfap
&eftwGuf tpm;taomufrsm;
qifjcifpm;oH;k jcif;tjyif touf
tE&m,fudkyg xdcdkufEkdifonfh
ul;pufa&m*grsm;jzpfaom om;
tdrfacgif;uifqm? &ifom;uif
qmuJhodkY a&m*grsm;tm; BudK
wif u muG , f o nf h enf ; vrf ;
rsm;ESifh rdrdudk,ftm; umuG,f
oifhaMumif; od&onf/
aemuf&mpkEpS f 2 ck avmuf
ta&jym;uifqmrjzpfap&ef umuG,f&rnfhenf;vrf;
rsm;rSm aea&mifjcnftm; wwfEikd o
f a&GU wdu
k f u
kd x
f ad wGUrIr&Sd
ap&ef *kjyKjcif;? yltdkufonfh&moDwGif tjyifxGufrnfqdkyg
u aea&mifjcnfxdawGYrIenf;yg;ap&ef vHkNcHKpGm0wfqifap
jcif;? tjyifxGufygu aea&mifum vdrf;aq;rsm;vdrf;jcif;?
oeyfcg;xlxlvdrf;jcif;? xD;(okdYr[kwf) OD;xkyftp&Sdonfh t
aqmif;tumrsm;ESihf tjyifxu
G jf cif; ponfeh nf;rsm;jzifh um
uG,fEdkifaMumif; od&onf/
trsKd ;orD;rsm;wGif acwfqefonfh t0wftpm;rsm;jzpf
onfh puwftwdkrsm;? tuFsDvnf[dkufrsm;0wfqifygu ae
a&mifjcnfwu
kd f u
kd x
f Ed ikd o
f nfh {&d,mydrk sm;ojzifh ta&jym;
uifqmjzpfymG ;Edik o
f nft
h cGit
hf vrf;ydrk sm;aMumif;od&onf/
]]'DuifqmawGuBudKo&d if vufO;D rI&,lEikd w
f hJ uifqm
awGyg/ 'gaMumifhBudKodEdkifwJh tajctaeawGudk *kpdkufNyD;
vufOD;rI &,lzdkYvdkygw,f}} [k a'gufwmvif;xufu ajym
Mum;onf/
wG i f v nf ; ul ; puf a &m*grsm;
r&S d o nf h tpm;taomuf
aMumifh jzpfyGm;onfh aoGG;wdk;
a&m*g? ESvkH;a&m*g? qD;csKda&m
*grsm;aMumifv
h nf; toufao
qk H ; rI rsm;jym;vmEk d i f a Mumif ;
uRrf;usifq&m0efrsm;u tBuH
jyKajymMum;xm;ojzifh *kpdkuf
pm;aomufoifhaMumif; od&Sd
&onf/
26
Essay
&efukeft
wpf &Ha&Sa&mtcgu
Uydkif; oHvsufpGef;&yf
uGufav;onf us,fajymaom
opfuGif;? &Snfvsm;auGUaumuf
aom &xm;oHvrf;? pdrf;pdkaom
opfyifwdkYjzifh tdrfpkpkav;rsm;
0yf wGm;zJGUwnfaeykHrSm at;csrf;
aom awmNrKd Uav;yrm&Scd o
hJ nf/
rd k ; avuif ; pif aumif ; uif
Munfvifaom aeY&ufrsm;wGif
&yfuGufav;xJrS vli,f? vl&G,f
rsm; pGefvTwfavh&SdMuygonf/
xkdpGefvTwfolrsm;xJ aumifav;
vnf;ygpNrJ? aumifav; &yf
uGufav;xJ pJGvrf;aerdaom
aumifrav;wpfa,muf&Sd\/
xdkYtwl aumifav;ESifhtNydKif
aumif r av;tm; yd k ; aeaom
vl i ,f a v;wpf a ,muf v nf ;
&Sdyg\/ rnfolYudk tajzay;&r
vJ aumifrav; a0cJGr&jzpfae
pOf wpfnaecif; opfuGif;xJrSm
&nf;pm;vkzufEpS af ,muf rxif
rSwb
f J pGet
f NyKd irf Qm;jzpfMuonf/
xdt
k csed rf mS yJ kww
f &ufaumifr
av; avQmufvmpOf qDwJG&xm;
BuD;wpfpif; wtdtdckwfarmif;
vmonf/ [mceJ aumifuav;
jzpf o G m ;onf / aumif a v;&J U
pGefjywfoGm;jcif;? jywfoGm;aom
pG e f u av;onf a0h u m0J u m
&xm;wpfzufjcrf;rS vli,fav;
ESihf aumifrav;buf xk;d pku
d u
f s
qif;aeygonf/ aumifav;onf
&pfvkH;udk udkifxm;&if;w*sKwf
*sKwfjzwfarmif;oGm;onfh qDwJG
&xm;Bu;D wpfzufrS olpY eG af v;udk
awGawGBuD;Munfhaeavonf/
(1)
vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; ESpf
q,f c ef Y u zwf c J h z l ; onf h t
onf;uJG wpfa,muf&JUpGef qdk
aom 0wKav;wpfyk'fudk rD;&
xm;rsm;? blwmkrH sm;ESihf qufE,
T f
wk d i f ; rMumcP owd & aerd
onf / xd k 0 w K av;xJ yg0if c J h
aom &efukefoHvsufpGef;&xm;
vrf ; yd k i f ; onf jref r mjynf
yxrqkH; azmufvkyfcJhonfh rD;
&xm;oH v rf ; rsm;\ rl v tp
jzpf y gonf / vG e f c J h a om ES p f
aygif ; wpf & mh o k H ; q,f a usmf
1874 ckEpS u
f NAw
d o
d Qtpd;k &onf
jrefrmjynfwGif &xm;ajy;qJG&ef
tpDtpOf csrSwfaqmif&GufcJh
&m yxrOD;pGm &efukef-jynf &
xm;vrf;azmufvkyf&ef &efukef
ta&SUoHvsufpGef;rS pwifcJhNyD;
xkrd u
S rf;em;vrf; ESihf ykZeG af wmif
vrf;qk?H &efuek Nf rKd UwGi;f udk jzwf
qwfomG ;uke;f ? orkid ;f ? anmif;Hk ?
*sKUd acsmif;? tif;pde?f pOfu
h ?l r*Fvm
'kH? tkwfzdk? avSmfum;? vdyfayguf?
oJukef;tp&SdonfwdkYudkjzwfum
jynfNrdKUodkY oG,fwef;,lcJhjcif;jzpf
onf/
&xm;vrf ; cif ; &ef *0H
ausmufrsm;udk a'ocHwdkYu wl;
azmf azmuf v k y f & mae&m
pkykHa&mif;cscJhMuonf/ wHwm;
vkyf&ef tkwfudk rGefwdkYaexkdif
&m urm&Gwf&Gm vkyf urm
&GwftvGef tedrfhydkif;udk tkwf
usif;[kac:cJhMuonf/ tcsKdUu
awmxJ NydKysufaeaom tkwf
usKd;tkwfyJhwdkYudk vSnf;jzifhwkduf
um tpdk;&xHa&mif;csMuonf/
ZvDzm;wkH;twGuf vkdtyfonfh
ysOf;uwdk;opfrsm;tm; ckwfvSJ
um tpdk;&xHoGif;Muonf/ oH
vrf;rsm;udk wwfEkdifoavmuf
oG,fNyD;aemuf rD;&xm;kH? rD;&
xm;0if;wdkYudk opfom;jzifh um
&H a qmuf v k y f c J h M uonf / xk d Y
aMumifh jrefrmjynf\ yxrOD;
qkH;aom blwmrsm;rSm opfom;
jzifhom aqmufvkyfcJhygonf/
&efukef-jynf &xm;vrf;
azmufvkyf&mwGif xl;jcm;csuf
wpf&yfrSm ykwD;ukef;ESifh oJukef;
&GmMum;wnf&adS om Mucwfawm
BuD;jzpfygonf/ NAdwdoQwdkYonf
&xm;vrf;azmufvkyf&m ykwD;
aumif;ok;H pJcG hJ onf/ jrefrmynm

&Sd OD;omjrwf\ rSwfwrf;wpfck
wGifrl [dELbmom (Budha Ke
k wwf
Office) ac:onfukd[dEL vdr
aom jrefrmrsm;u blwmkH[k
teD;pyfqkH;trnfay;cJhaMumif;
odrw
S zf ;l \/ rnfoyYkd ifjzpfap bl
wmkHqdkaom a0g[m&udk &xm;
vrf;rsm; ay:aygufvmNy;D aemuf
wG i f u s,f p G m tok H ; jyKcJ h o nf /
&xm;ES i f h bl w mrS m cJ G j cm;r&
paumif;? &xm;wkdYrnfonf bl
wmqDom OD;wnfxGufcGm&avh
&Sdonf r[kwfygvm;? &efukef
blwmBuD;udkvnf; NAdwdoQwdkY
t xD ; us ef
blwm
csrf;Nidrf;
uk e f ; &G m tausmf Mucwf a wm

BuD;cHae &Sif;vif;&ef tcuf
tcJawGUae&m odkYtrdefYxkwf
jyefcJh&onf/
]]euf j zef r euf apmapm
Mucwf a wmud k vmMu&rnf /
0dwdk&d,bk&ifr wHqdyfacgif;yg
aom aiG'*Fg;? aiGig;rl;aph? aiG
rwfaphrsm;udk rD;&xm;tmPm
yd k i f r sm;u Mucwf a wmxJ o d k Y
aygufaygufBuJovdk qkyfBuJcs
vd r f h r nf / rnf o l r qd k Mucwf
awmud k ck w f x G i f & S i f ; vif ; NyD ;
&oavmuf,lMuap}} [ljzpf
onf/ tm*tBuH? aemufwpf
aeYeHeufwGif ckwfxGif&Sif;vif;
p&m "m;r? ykqdef..ponfh xuf
jrufcRefwufaom vufeufwkdY
jzifh a'ocHww
Ykd zJzG GJ a&mufvmNy;D
MucwfawmBuD;tm; ckwfxGif;
&Sif;vif;um olYxufig aiG'*Fg;
rsm;aumuf,lMuonfrSm &uf
ydkif;twGif; ajymifovif;cgoGm;
NyD; jynfokdY &xm;vrf; qufvuf
azmufvyk Ef idk cf o
hJ nf/ ,if;jzpf&yf
udt
k aMumif;jyK a&S;vlBu;D wdu
Yk
&efuek -f jynf&xm;vrf;udk a&Tvrf;?
aiGvrf;[k qdkprSwfjyKcJhonf/
rD;&xm;blwmkHudk a&S;pm
qdkOD;Ncdrfhu ]&yf&mpcef;axmuf
ESifh avQmuf avQmuf wpf
kH wpfkH} a&;om;cJhzl;ovdk uif;
0efrif;BuD;u rD;&xm;kH[kac:
wGifcJhzl;onf/ jrefrmou&mZf
1240 wGif [oFmwq&mrSJYqdk
olu ]blwmkt
H xuf [dak jrmuf
bufu} [lvnf;aumif;? ]vl
rsKd;&,fpkH kHblwma&SU}[lvnf;
0if ,Ofaus;rI vuf&mrsm; wl;

azmf a wG U &S d c J h M uonf / jref r m
jynft&yf&yfodkY rD;&xm;vrf;
rsm; O'[dak zmufvyk cf &hJ m tcsKUd
aom NrKd U&Gmrsm;rSm trnfa[mif;
aysmuf trnfopfjzifh xif&mS ;
vmovdk&xm;vrf;ESifh a0;uGm
oGm;onfh NrdKU&Gmrsm;rSm wjznf;
jznf; ajcmufaoGUvmygonf/
rS w f w rf ; rsm;t& trnf a &T U
ajymif;vmykHrSm xkH;BuD;udk xl;
BuD ; ? xl ; BuD ; ud k zl ; BuD ; ? om"k
uef u d k r*F v m'k H ? r*F v m'k H u d k
wnif;ukef;? &Srf;jynfe,fwGif
(&opmwrf;)
u ]rD;&xm;kHawmfBuD;} [kac:
wGicf &hJ mrS xkad e&mwpf0u
kd u
f rG ;f
NcrH sm; trsm;tjym;&Scd jhJ cif;aMumifh
jrefrmwdkYu uGrf;NcHblwmBuD;
[kac:wGifcJhMuonf/
jrefrmjynfwGif &xm;vrf;
rsm; azmufvkyf&mrS tusKd;t
jrwf x G u f c J h o nf r S m a&S ; Nrd K U
a[mif ; tcsKd U jyef v nf a wG U &S d
jcif ; ES i f h ,Of a us;rI tEk y nm
ypnf;rsm; wl;azmfawGU&Sdjcif;
jzpfygonf/ avmif*sw
D 'G w
f pfwef;
wnf;cefY usa&mufaom [ef
vif;BuD;? ppfudkif;? tif;0? tr
&yl&? AdEdk;? om,m0wD? arSmf
yDtp&So
d nfh NrKd Ua[mif;rsm;onf
&xm;vrf;azmufvkyf&m jzpfcJh
onf/ &efukef-jynfvrf;azmuf
pOf om"kuefteD; bk&m; tNydKt
ysufrsm;rS tEkvuf&mtusKd;
tyJhrsm; awGU&SdcJhonf/ arSmfZm
&Gm? o&ufaysmuf&Gm? vif;&Gm?
awmifvkH;ndK&Gm tp&Sdonfh &Gm
a[mif;rsm;\ rlvtp acw&m
NrdKUkd;BuD; rIrvSysufpD;aeonf
udk jrif&aomtcg NrdKUol? NrdKUom;
wdkY0rf;enf;yufvuf idka<u;Mu
onfq\
dk / &efuek ?f rEav;vrf;
azmufpOf 'g;yde?f xk;H Bu;D ? ausmuf
wef;? wm0wdYk vnf;aumif;? aZ
,s0wD? awmifil? qGmNrdKUa[mif;
jzwfpOfuvnf;aumif;? ppfuidk ;f
wpf0dkuf? ppfudkif;-a&OD; vrf;
azmufpOfuvnf;aumif;? 0uf
vuf? rkq;kd NcKH ? a&Tbedk ,f wpf0u
kd f
azmuf vkyfpOfuvnf;aumif;?
yJcl;-a&; vrf;azmufvkyfpOfu
vnf;aumif; a&S;a[mif;orkdif;
ikwfxdyfrS *kwfxdyf? eef;uRef;rS

erfhcRef? a<ukyfrS acG;kyftjzpf
ajymif;vJac:a0:vmMuonf/
xkdYtjyif rvTyifrsm; aygufae
rvTukef;blwm? ouFef;yifrsm;
aygufae ouFef;uRef;blwm?
ESif;qDNcHrsm; pdkufxm; ESif;qD
uke;f blwm[k ac:a0: Mu&mrS xkd
trnftwkid ;f wnf&v
dS mcJo
h nf/
(2)
&xm;wJG&Snfrsm;? oHvrf;
rsm;? bl w mk H a v;rsm;ES i f h y wf
ouf a&;zJGUxm;aom pmrsm;
xJwGif rSwfrSwf&& t&SdqkH;rSm
&efukefbaqG\ a&BudKrav;
0wKjzpfygonf/
]]a&csKd;rvm; tpfudkBuD;?
a&csKd;rvm;}}[k ysOf;rem;blwm
a&muf w k d i f ; wpmpmac:ae
wwf a om a&Bud K rav;? a&
onfrav;rsm;xJrS q,fah jcmuf
ESpft&G,f rdef;uav;wpfOD;\
b0jzwf o ef ; rI u d k ok y f a zmf
xm;aom 0w K wd k a v;? jynf
wGif;ppfrD;awmufavmifqJum
v 1958 ck E S p f u a&;cJ h a om
xd k 0 w K wd k a v; pepf \ om;
aumif? acwf\om;aumifjzpf
cJh&onfh a&BudKrav;onf ol
ykefrIjzifh axmifcscHae&aom
zcifjzpfol vGwfajrmufa&;t
wGuf ol\b0paw;cHum pGefY
pm;&ykHudk okyfazmfxm;onfh
0wKav;jzpfonf/ ]&xm;BuD;
onf a0aeaom ESif;awGMum;
xJwGif ysOf;rem;blwmudk pGefYcGm
vmcJhonf/ nae &xm;qkduf
csdefwGif ynmoifcsdeft&G,frQ
om &Sdao;aom a&BudKrav;
onf taygpm;EIwfcrf;qdk;aq;
udk okwfjc,fum NyHK;aom rsuf
ESmjzifh blwmtwGif; vl;
vmwkH jY yefvsu&f adS eayvdrrhf nf}
qdkaom ta&;tzJGUu jynfwGif;
ppf'Pfudk rD;armif;xkd;jyxm;
onf/ a&BudKrav;vdk acwfESifh
pepfukd xif[yf aom Ekid 0f if;aqG
\ aEGwpfn ESifh rodef;&SifqDydkY
ay;yg 0wKwo
Ykd nfrMumcPowd
&aewwfaom pmtkyfrsm;jzpfyg
onf / pD ; yG m ;a&; rajyvnf
arSmifcdkukeful;&mrS tdrfaxmif
ysucf &hJ onfh oeyfcg;awG rIeaf 0
aeaoma0? NrdKifBuD;? NrdKUopfu
av;? a[refqdkaom blwmpOf
rsm;ESifh ryD0dk;w0g; arSmif&DaEG
nrsm;? a0ht aMumif; awG;rdawmh
&ifwyYkd al EG;vIu
d cf ek o
f mG ;ygonf/
aEGwpfnvdkyJ rodef;&Sifonf
qdk&S,fvpf pD;yGm;a&;vufxuf
arSmifcdkvkyfief;BuD;xGm;vmykH?
ndKndKqkdonfh arSmifcdkrav;ESifh
ud&k ifarmifqo
kd nfh vufrw
S pf pf
wdYk taMumif;? arSmifcv
kd yk if ef;udk
rD;armif;xkd;jyoxm;onfh xkdpm
tkyfav;rsm;u tmkHxJpJGpJGxif
xif usefaeqJ jzpfygonf/
q&mjroef;wifo
h nf armif
opf w nf trnf j zif h bmom
jyef uAsmtcsKd U ES i f h pu L jrif ;
awmifwGif;&xm; qkdonfhyif
udka&;uAsm&SnfBuD;udk a&;zJGUcJh
onf / pum;ajym&pf o rf j zif h
a&;xm;aom ,if ; uAsm&S n f
BuD;wGif NAdwdoQvufxufpuf
acgif;wJGta[mif;BuD;tm; t
okH;jyKum w&SL;&SL;w&SJ&SJ ckwf
armif;aom awmifwGif;aMu;eD
&xm;tm; ]oHrPdjrif;} tjzpf
vnf;aumif;? blwma&muf
xkd;&yfoGm;onfhtcg ]puLjrif;}
tjzpfvnf;aumif; wifpm;a&;
zJGUxm;NyD; wpfae&m ...
dk;rwpfaMumu
opfckwform;vnf;yg&JU
,morm;eJY BuHawmifol
qefarSmifcdkolvnf;&Sd
tvSLa&pufcs
ypnf;0,fol
wpfe,fu rdbudkuefawmh
jyefvmol
&efuek u
f o
kd mG ;Ny;D yifpifavQmuf
ol? ausmufuek u
f ;l ol
trl;orm;u
vsufqm;onfqDrSm
erlem awmif;vkdY ...
[l&xm;pD;c&D;onfrsm;b0udk
ay:vGiaf tmif a&;zJUG xm;onf/
xdu
k AsmuJo
h yYkd if Ekid if &H yfjcm;
uAsmrsm;xJwGif qkdAD,ufuAsm
q&m ,uf z f w l & S i f u d k \ ZD r m
vrf;qkH uAsm&SnfBuD;onf tm
Pm&Sifpwmvif uG,fvGefNyD;
aemuf Zmwd&yfajrqdkufaA;&D;
,m;e,fodkY jyefoGm;aom EkdifiH
om;wpfOD;\ awGUjrifcHpm;rIudk
a&;zJGUxm;&m &xm;rsm;? blwm
i,fav;rsm; jrifawGUwkdif; rSwf
rdaeaom uAsmwpfyk'fvnf;
jzpfcJhonf/
awmifukef;xdyfay:rSm
tawmfMum&yf&if;
blwm0if;xJu
taqmufttkHawG
,mwJawGpyg;usaD wGukd
igMunhfaerdw,f/
'Dwkef;rSm
ZDrmvrf;qkH blwmu
ighudkpum;ajymw,f/
olajymwJhpum;u
iguawmh
at;csrf;NidrfoufpGmaeNyD;
opfoD;awGudkqJG
rD;&xm;acgif;wJGawGeJYtwl
a&aEG;aiGUawGudk
tomrIwf&if;
cyfukyfukyfyJaew,f
'gayrJh 'DacwfBuD;
igwdkYacwfBuD;&JU
taMumif;t&mawGudk
b,frSmrawG;bJ
aeEkdifyghrvJuGm
'guawmh qkdufaA;&D;,m;
jynf e ,f ZD r mNrd K Uav;ud k jyef
vmawmh olYNrdKUuav;udk jrif
wJ h t cg bmrS xl ; xl ; jcm;jcm;
ajymif;vJrI r&Sdao;wJhtwGuf
tm;rvdk tm;r&toHygyJ/ wpfcg
wavawmhv nf ; tus t jzL?
abmif;bDeufjym0wf &xm;0ef
xrf;rsm;udk jrifonfhtcg Zmwd
om;r[kwfaomfvnf; wm0ef
us&m &yf&GmrSm wpfpkdufrwfrwf
y&[dw vkyfudkifwwfaom *sr
'gpde0f if; qdo
k nfh tufaq;q&m
wpfOD;\ &opmwrf;ESifh nOfht
csd e f r awmf jyef v m& eH e uf
ausmif ; oG m ;rnf h ZeD ; ausmif ;
q&mrav; Ekd;oGm;rnfpdk;um
td r f x J r 0if b J NcH w H c g;0om
eHeufvif;onftxd apmifhqkdif;
aewwfaom &xm;vufrw
S pf pf
av;\ tdrfaxmifa&;udk &uf
&S,x
f m;onfh tdypf uf&ifcek f 0wK
wdak v;udk owdw& atmufarhrd
avonf/ EkdifiHjcm; kyf&Sifum;
rsm;xJwGif &xm;ESifhywfouf
rarhEkdifaom Zmwfum;ESpfum;
&Sdygao;onf/ a'gufwmZDAm;
*d k ; Zmwf u m;xJ qk d u f a A;&D ;
,m;a'oudk jzwfausmfpOf t
vkHydwf&xm;xJrS Zmwf0ifcef;
ESifh &Sif;'vm;vpf Zmwfum;xJ
rS *sL;vlrsKd;rsm;tm; tjrpfjzwf
okwfoif&ef atmhZ0ZftusOf;
pcef ; od k Y wif y d k Y c ef ; jzpf o nf /
'kwd,urmppftwGif;u *smr
eD t mPm&S i f [ pf w vmonf
Oa&mywpf0ef; *sL;oufBuD;&G,f
tdkrsm;? trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh *sL;
uav;i,frsm;udk twif;t"r
zrf;qD;um tvkHydwf&xm;ESifh
tqdyfpcef; wifydkYcJhonf/ xkdYt
wl ,dk;',m;-jrefrm aorif;w
refvrf;onf zufqpf*syefwdkY
\ t"rcdkif;aprIjzifh azmufvkyf
cJ h & m acR;wyf o m;&S p f a omif ;
ausmf ? ppf o k H Y y ef ; wpf o d e f ; ok H ;
aomif;ausmf aoqkH;cJh urm
ausmfcJhonf/ vlYorkdif;wGif vl
wdkY\ kyfydkif;? pdwfykdif;zHGUNzdK;wdk;
wufatmif pGrf;aqmifrIrsm; &Sd
cJo
h vdk wpfzufvnf; qk;d ,kwrf I
rsm;uae&mtESjYH zpfymG ;cJyh gonf/
(3)
a<u&GufwdkYonf ajrxuf
azGUazGUvl; vGichf goGm;Muonf/ aEG
avylBu;D wpfcsurf w
I v
f u
kd w
f idk ;f
blwmab;&Sd opfyifopfudkif;
ajcmufwrYkd S a&mf&u
G t
f csKUd wjzKwf
jzKwfa<uvGifhvmjyefonf/
pm(40) odkY
EkdifiHa&;txl;tcsyfykd
NLDqkH;jzwfcsuftay:
ygwDrSwfykHwif&ef
qkH;jzwfcsuftay:
a':atmifqef;pkMunf
ajymMum;csuf
tjdzLvGif
uRefrwkdYEdkifiHrSm uRefrtjrif
rSmuawmh eHygwf-1 xm;&rSm
Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;yg/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ
qdkawmh Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;r&SdbJeJY
uRefrwkdY wjcm;udpawG rvkyf
Edkifygbl;/ Oyrmtm;jzifh Oya'
pdk;rdk;a&; r&SdbJeJUvnf; jynf
wGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;&zdkY tifrwef
cufygw,f/ Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;&SdrS
jynfe,fawGrSm jynfolawG&JU
tcGifhta&;awG csKd;azmufcHae
&wmudk uRefrwdkY rD;armif;xdk;
Ed k i f r ,f / umuG , f E d k i f r ,f /
jyKjyifEidk rf ,f/ 'gaMumifh eHygwf1 u Oya' pdk;rdk;a&;vdkY uRefr
jrifygw,f/ Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;eJY 'Gef
wGaJ ewmuvnf; jynfwiG ;f Nird ;f
csrf;a&;yg/ uRefru Oya'pdk;rdk;
a&;udk eHygwf-1 vdkY ajymvdkY jynf
wGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;xuf ydkNyD;t
a&;BuD;vdkYr[kwfygbl;/ jynf
wGi;f Nird ;f csr;f a&;twGuf vdt
k yf
vdkY Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;udk xnfhwm
yg/
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' jyifqif
jyKjyifa&;qdkwmrSm
2010rSm ygwDrSwfyHkrwifzd k Y
qH k ; jzwf w J h a e&mrS zG J U pnf ; yH k
tajccHOya'udk rauseyfvdkY
qdkwmvnf;ygygw,f/ w&m;
0iftaMumif;jycsuf qHk;jzwf
csut
f aeeJu
Y awmh a&G;aumuf
yGJOya'awG[m w&m;rrQwvdkY
uRefrwkdY vufrcHEdkifvdkY/ 'gay
rJhzGJUpnf;yHkudk jyifqifoifhw,f
qdkwm a&T*HkwdkifaMunmcsufrSm
vnf;ygygw,f/ jyifqifoifh
w,fqdkwm uRefrwdkYygwDwpfck
wnf;twGuf ajymwmr[kwyf g
bl;/ wpfEikd if v
H ;kH twGu?f uRerf
wdkY&JU jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;
tm;vHk;twGuf? vdktyfwJhjyif
qifrIawGtwGuf uRefrwkdY OD;
wnfNyD;awmh vkyfoGm;&rSmjzpf
ygw,f/ 'D[mu 'DcsKyfudkjyefNyD;
awmh rSwfyHkwifwJhtcgrSmvkyf
aqmif&r,fh t"duvkyif ef;wpf
&yfjzpfw,fvdkYxifw,f/
tusOf;usaewJh uRefrwkdYtzGJU
0ifawGudk tzGJUuae xkwfypfzdkY

rvdkbl;qdkwmudk txl;taxG
&Sif;jyaezdkY rvdkygbl;/ 2010
wkef;u 'Dvdkpnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;
ygaewJhtwGuf uRefrwdkYvuf
rcHcyhJ gbl;/ 'gu vG,v
f ,
G af v;
yg ? &Si;f &wm/ ud,
k t
hf wGu?f ud,
k hf
EdkifiHtwGuf? udk,fh&JUygwDt
wGuf ? ud,
k t
hf zGUJ tpnf;twGuf
,HkMunfNyD;awmh ,HkMunfcsuf
eJY tepfemcHNyD; tusOf;uscHae
&wJh uRefrwdkY&JU &Jabmf&Jbuf
awGudk xkwfypfzdkY qdkwm tifr
wefrS odum rJw
h u
hJ pd j zpfygw,f/
ck'Dtcsuftvufvnf; ajymif;
vJomG ;Nyq
D akd wmh uRerf wdv
Yk uf
cHcJhygw,f/
1990 jynfhESpf a&G;aumufyGJ
&v'fudk todtrSwfjyK&r,f
qdkwJh udp/
'D[m ESpcf ck jJG y;D ajymcsiyf gw,f/
Oya't& 90 ckESpf a&G;aumuf
yGJ&v'f[m w&m;0ifygw,f/
bmaMumifhvJqdk&if bm;rm;a*
ZufxJrSm 'Da&G;aumufyGJrSm
atmifEdkifcJhwJh udk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;pm&if;u aMunmxm;NyD;
om;qdkawmh 'g[m b,fyk*dKvf
wpfOD;? b,ftzGJUtpnf;wpfck?
b,ftpdk;&wpfck&JU twnfjyK
csuf u d k r S rvd k a wmh y gbl ; / 'g
w&m;0ifqdkwm vufcHxm;NyD;
om;yg/ tckq&kd if Mum;MuwJh t
wdik ;f OD;cifatmifjrifu
h 'DcsKyf 90
a&G;aumufyGJrSm atmifEdkifcJh
w,fqw
kd u
hJ pd u
kd owif;rD',
D m
awGudk ajymcJhygw,f/ uRefru
awmh'gudk vufcyH gw,f/ 2010
a&G ; aumuf y G J u wuf v mwJ h
vTwfawmfem,u wpfa,muf
u 'Dvdkajymvdkufwmudk vufcH
Ed k i f w J h t aMumif ; &S d w ,f v d k h
'DvdkyJ ajymcsifygw,f/ 1990
a&G ; aumuf y G J e J Y ywf o uf v d k Y
vnf; tckxd tmPmydkifrsm;&JU
vkyfudkifcsufrsm;[m vufcHEdkif
zG,f&Sdw,fvdkY uRefroHk;oyfyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY 'DcsKyfu jyef
vnfNyD; rSwfyHkwifa&;udk uRefr
axmufcHwmyg/
jum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrSm 0if
a&;?r0ifa&;rSmpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;
t&awmh uRerf wdYkae&m 3 ae&m
rSm ,SONf yKd i&f rSmjzpfygw,f/ ajym
&r,fqdk&r,fqdk&ifawmh 'D3
ae&meJYyJ tzGJU&JU &yfwnfa&;t
wGuf vkyrf mS vm;? vpfvyfae&m
tm;vH;k rSm 0ifa&muf,OS Nf yKd irf mS
vm;qdkawmh trsm;pkuawmh
tm;vH;k ,SONf yKd iNf y;D awmh 0ifr,f
ajymw,f/ wcsKdUuawmh wdkwdk
ajym&&if uRefroabmtwdkif;
vdkYajymw,f/ uRefr oabmu
awmh ,SOfNydKifrSm jzpfygw,f/
uRefrwdkY EdkifiHa&;ygwD wpfck&JU
vIyf&Sm;rIawGudk jyefNyD;awmh t
oufoGif;csifwJh vIyf&Sm;rIt
aeeYJ uRerf wdYk vkycf siw
f m jzpfyg
w,f/
uRerf 0ifNyKd i&f if uRerf &JU odum
udkxdrvm;qdkjyD; wcsKdUu pdk;&drf
rdw,fwJh/ &Sif;&Sif;ajym&r,f
qdk&if EdkifiHa&;vkyfw,fqdk&if
udk,fh&JUodumudkMunfhNyD; vkyf
w,fqdkwm rvkyfoifhygbl;/
vkyo
f ifv
h yk x
f u
kd w
f ,fq&kd if vkyf
&rSmygyJ/ uRefrtaeeJY 0ifoifh
w,fxif&if 0ifrmS ygyJ/ 'D[mu
vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf&Jh odum
eJ Y rqd k i f y gbl ; / vlwpfOD; wpf
a,muf[m olU&JUodum udkt"du
xm;jyD; vkyfw,fqdk&if 'g[m
qEpGJeJY vkyfwJhedkifiHa&; jzpfoGm;
ygvdrrhf ,f/ uRerf wdcYk v
k yk af ewJh
edkifiHa&;[m tm;vHk;udk&if;NyD;
vkyf&wJhEdkifiHa&;yg/ 'Db0rSm
&if;&wmrSeforQxJrSm qdk&if
tBu;D rm;qH;k u ud,
k o
hf u
d m aygh/
udk,fhodumudkawmif &if;NyD;
awmh vkyf&r,fh tajctaerSm
qd&k ifck uRerf wkv
Yd yk af ewJhtvkyf
awG[m pGepYf m;csuyf JvdkY uRefr
qdck siyf gw,f/ pGepYf m;w,fqw
kd hJ
ae&mrSm rsufpdpHkrdSwfNyD;awmh
pGefhpm;&wm r[kwfygbl;/ t
ajctaeudk oHk;oyfNyD;awmh pGefY
pm;oifhwJh tcsdefa&mufvdkY pGefY
pm;r,fvdkY qHk;jzwf&wm jzpfyg
w,f/ pGefYpm;w,fqdkwm bm
t"dym,fvJqdk&if wpf&m&mcdkif
EIef; atmifjrifajc&Sdw,fvdkY
rajymEdkifwJh t"dym,fyg/ wpf
&m &mcdkifEIef; atmifjrifygr,f
vkdY tmrcH&SdwJh tvkyfrsKd;rS vkyf
r,fqdk&ifawmh EdkifiHa&;vkyfzdkY
vHk;vHk;udkrjzpfedkifygbl;/ EdkifiH
a&;rS m b,f a wmh r S wpf & m
&mcdkifEIef;tmrcHcsuf&Sdr,fvkdY
rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ wpf&m &mcdkif
EIef;atmifr,fvdkY tmrcHcsuf
ay;EdkifwJhtvkyfrS vkyfcsifw,f
qdk&if wjcm;tvkyf&Sm&ygvdrfh
r,f/ uRefrwdkYtvkyfu 'Dvdkt
vkyrf sK;d r[kwyf gbl;/ uRerf wk,
Yd k H
Munfcsuft& oHk;oyfcsuft&
atmifEikd zf Ykd tvm;tvmaumif;
w,fvdkY uRefr,HkMunfygw,f/
atmifEikd zf t
Ykd vm;tvmaumif;
w,fvv
Ykd nf; ,HMk unfw,f/ vkyf
oifw
h ,fvv
Ykd nf; ,HMk unfw,f/
wpfcgwav trSefajym&r,f
qdkvdkY&Sd&if vkyfoifhvkyfxdkuf
w,fqdkwJh udpwpfckudk vkyfwJh
ae&mrSm atmifEdkifzdk h tvm;
tvmenf ; w,f v d k Y xif & if
awmif vkyf&ygr,f/ bmvdkYvJ
qdkawmh vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufvdkY
vkyfwJhtcsdef oGm;r,hftcgrSm
ratmifjrif&ifawmif udk,fu
rSefrSefuefuef qHk;jzwfcsufcs
cJhwmaMumifh aemifvmr,fh vl
awGtwGuf vrf;uydkNyD;awmh
cdkifrmoGm;r,f/ &Sif;vif;oGm;
r,fqdkwm jzpfedkifygw,f/ tJ'D
awmh ckcsdefrSmusawmh uRefrwdkY
u 'DvdkpGefYpm;NyD;awmh qHk;jzwf
wJhae&mrSm cH,lr,fhtvm;t
vmawGuvnf; aumif;w,f
vdkY uRefrjrifygw,f/ aumif;
onfjzpfap? raumif;onfjzpf
ap vkyo
f ifv
h yk x
f u
kd w
f mudv
k yk f
&r,fvdkY uRefrjrifygw,f/
(Edk0ifbm 18 &ufqkH;jzwfcsuf
cstNyD; a':atmifqef;pkMunf
ajymMum;aomrdecYf eG ;f rS aumuf
Ekwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf)
tdjzLvGif
okH;oyfcsuftjrifrsm;
Nidrf;Nidrf;Ekdif? tdjzLvGif
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGYcsKyf(NLD )onf ygwD
rSwyf w
Hk ifNy;D vmrnfMh um;jzwfa&G;aumufyw
GJ iG f 0ifa&muf
,SONf ydKi&f ef Ek0d ifbm 18&ufu qk;H jzwfvu
dk Nf yDjzpfonf/
NLD \ qkH;jzwfcsuf xkwfjyefaMunmNyD;aemuf
jynfwGif;EkdifiHa&; tokdif;0dkif;wifomr[kwfbJ EkdifiH
wumtodkif;t0dkif;wGifyg xifjrifokH;oyfcsufrsKd;pkH
xGufay:vm&m 7Day Newsu rwlnDonfh tjrif
okH;oyfcsufrsm;udk pmzwfolrsm; zwfIokH;oyfEkdif&ef
pkpnf;azmfjyvdkufygonf/ (tcsyfykd- A~DwGifI)
OD;0if;wif
(A[kdtvkyftrIaqmif)
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyf
&Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm; OD;pkdif;vdwf
'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf
(SNLD)
(A[kdtvkyftrIaqmif)
&Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;
'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyf
OD;jrihfvIdif
(trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f)
jynfaxmifpkBuHhckdifa&;ESihf
zGHU NzdK;a&;ygwD
OD;cspfckdif
(Ou|)
{'if*kukrPD
OD;odef;aqG
(zsmykHNrdKUe,fpnf;Hk;a&;tzGJU0if)
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyf
OD;&JxGef;
(jynfolUvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f)
&Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD
OD;odef;nGefY
(Ou|)
trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDygwDopf
28
EdkifiHa&;txl;tcsyfykd
jrefrmEkdifiHESifhpyfvsOf;
ueforw\yxrqkH; rdefYcGef;
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf wpfcsdefvHk; zdtm;ay;
awmif;qkdcJhonfh tar&duefEkdifiH\ vuf&Sd jrefrmEkdifiHtay:
oabmxm;udk tar&dueforwtkb
d m;rm;\ jrefrmhEidk if aH &;ESipfh yf
vsOf; yxrqHk;ajymMum;aom oD;oefYrdefYcGef;u xif[yfjyocJh
onf/
tif'edk ;D &Sm;Ekid if ?H bmvD&dS tmqD,x
H yd o
f ;D tpnf;ta0; usi;f y
&mokdYa&muf&Sdvmaom orwtkdbm;rm;u jrefrmEkdifiHudk tmqD,H
Ou|tjzpf tzGUJ BuD;uqH;k jzwfvu
dk o
f nf/ Ek0d ifbm 18 &uf aeYv,f
ykdif;u ajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
orwrdecYf eG ;f udk 7Day News y&dowfzwfEI idk &f ef rl&if;twkid ;f
bmomjyefqkdazmfjyvkdufygonf/
(t,f'Dwm)
tm;vHk;yJ r*FvmaeYv,fcif;
yg/ uRefawmfhtpkd;&oufwrf;
wpf a vQmuf e J Y 'D c &D ; pOf w pf
avSsmufvHk;rSm tm&S-ypdzdwf
a'otay: tar&duef&JU ,Hk
Munfcsuu
f kd tav;teufxm;
pOf;pm;cJhygw,f/ 'ghtjyif 'Da'
otwGif; vlYtcGihfta&;udp
awG&JU tem*wfudka&m tar
&duef&JU ,HkMunf&yfwnfrIt
ay:udkyg uRefawmf tav;t
eufxm; pOf;pm;cJhygw,f/
,aeYrSmawmh uRefawmf
[m tJ'DhrsufESmpmESpfzufpvHk;
rSm a&SUudw
k ;dk wufapzdYkuReaf wmf
wkdY&JU BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIawG
xJu ta&;ygwJah jcvSr;f wpf&yf
udk aMunmygawmhr,f/

q,f p k E S p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m
Mumatmif y J tar&d u ef a wG
[m jrefrmjynfolawGtwGuf
tajccHvlYtcGifhta&;udpawG
jiif;y,fxm;wmtay: eufiId ;f
pGmylyefcyhJ gw,f/ 'Dru
kd &ufwpf
jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;orm;awGukd
zdESdyfxm;rI? vlenf;pk wkdif;&if;
om;rsKd;EG,fawGtay: OD;wnf
jyocJhwJh&ufpufrIeJY ppfacgif;
aqmiftenf;i,f&UJ vufxrJ mS
yJ tmPmud k qk y f u k d i f x m;rI
awG [ m (jref r mEk d i f i H t ay:)
uRefawmfwkdY&JU pOf;pm;yHkudk pdef
ac:cJhygw,f/ NyD;awmh jrefrm
Ekid if u
H kd urmeJY tar&duef&UJ (t
a0;rSm)txD;usefapcJhygw,f/
'gayrJh uRefawmfwkdY[m
tNrJyJ jrefrmjynfolawGtay:
av;pm;rIxm;&SdcJhygw,f/ NyD;
awmh olwkdY wkdif;jynf&JUtem
*wfudkyg av;pm;rIxm;cJhyg
w,f/ ('Dwkdif;jynfu) ta&SU
eJY taemufqHkpnf;&mrSmwnf
&SdwJh <u,f0wJhorkdif;eJY EkdifiH
wpf E k d i f i H j zpf N yD ; jynf o l v l x k
uvnf; wnfNidrfwJh*kPfodum
eJ Y x l ; jcm;NyD ; tvm;tvm
aumif;awG&SdwJh jynfolwpf&yf
jzpfygw,f/ ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGmMum
atmifudkyJ jrefrmjynfolawG&JU
zdEydS cf &H rIeYJ uwdpum;udk atmif
qef ; pk M unf q k d w J h (emrnf e J Y )
oauFwjyKcJhMuw,f/ (acwf
opf) jrefrmEkid if u
H kd wnfaxmif
ol & J U orD ; &if ; wpf O D ; taeeJ Y
olYjynfolawGtwGuf cGeftm;
BuD;rm;pGm &yfwnfcJholwpfOD;
taeeJ Y ol r [m tjcm;aom
zdESdyfcH&wJh jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;vdkyJ
aetd r f t us,f c sKyf e J Y axmif
'PfawGudk BuHUBuHUcHcJh&w,f/
'gayrJh arSmiftwdESpfrsm;
pGmNyD;wJh aemufrSmawmh a[m'D
&uf o w y wf t enf ; i,f t
wGif;rSm uRefawmfwkdY[m wkd;
wuf r I t &d y f t a,mif a wG u d k
jrifcJh&ygw,f/ orwOD;odef;
pdefeJY jrefrmvTwfawmfukd,fpm;
vS,fawG[m jyKjyifajymif;vJ
a&;udk OD;wnfwv
hJ rf;aMumif;rSm
ta&;ygwJhajcvSrf;awG pwifcJh
ygw,f/ tpdk;&eJY a':atmif
qef;pkMunftMum; awGUqHak qG;
aEG;rIjzpfcJhw,f/ EkdifiHa&;t
usO;f om;tcsKUd udk tpd;k &uvTwf
ay;cJ h w ,f / owif ; rD ' D , meJ Y
ywfoufNy;D ajzavsmv
h mw,f/
NyD;awmh Oya'jyKa&;u@u
vnf; EkdifiHa&;ywf0ef;usifudk
yGiv
hf if;zkYd twnfjyKay;cJw
h ,f/
'ghaMumifh 'gawGtm;vHk;udk NcHK
Munfh&if 'gawG[m ESpfrsm;pGm
twGif; uRefawmfwkdYjrifcJh&wJh
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm jyKjyifajymif;vJ
a&;qDOD;wnfwJh ta&;BuD;qHk;
ajcvSrf;awG jzpfygawmhw,f/
pm(29)odkY
29
pm(28) - jrefrmEkdifiHESifhpyfvsOf; ueforw\ yxrqkH;rdefhcGef; rS

wu,fwrf;awmhvkypf &m
awGtrsm;BuD; &Sdygao;w,f/
uRefawmfwkdY[m jrefrmEkdifiH&JU
ydwf xm;wJEh idk if aH &;pepf? 4if;&JU
vlenf;pk(wkdif;&if;om;)awGt
ay:qufqyH ekH YJ Ekid if aH &;tusO;f
om;awGukd qufvufxed ;f odr;f
xm;wmawG? 4if;&JU ajrmufudk
&D;,m;eJY qufqHa&;awGtay:
pd;k &drfylyefq&J adS eygw,f/ 'gayrJh
uRefawmfwkdY[m wkd;wufrIt
wG u f ork d i f ; 0if t cG i h f t a&;
wpf&yfjzpfvmEkdifwJht&mud k
qkyu
f ikd cf siyf gw,f/ jrefrmEkid if H
[m 'Drkdua&pDjyKjyifajymif;vJ
a&;vrf;aMumif;ay: qufvuf
avSsmufoGm;r,fqkd&if 'Dwkdif;
jynf[m tar&duefjynfaxmif
pkeJY qufqHa&;topfwpf&yf yHk
oGif;Ekdifr,fqkdwmvnf; &S i f ;
vif;pGmazmfjycsifygw,f/
raeYnu uRefawmf a':
atmifqef;pkMunfeJY wkdufkduf
pum;ajymcJ h N yD ; ol r uvnf ;
'DjzpfpOf a&SUqufwkd;wufa&;
twGuf tar&duef&JU xdawGU
qufqHrIudk axmufcHaMumif;
twnfjyKcJhygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
'DaeYrSm uRefawmf[m EkdifiHjcm;
a&;0efBuD; [Dvm&Duvifwef
udk jrefrmEkid if H oGm;a&mufzaYdk jym
cJhygw,f/ olr[m &mpkESpfwpf

0uf c ef Y u mvtwG i f ; 'D w k d i f ;
jynfudkoGm;a&mufwJh yxrqHk;
tar&duefEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
jzpfvmygvdrrhf ,f/olr[mtar
&d u ef j ynf a xmif p k u jref r m
jynfrSm tjyKoabmaqmifwJh
tajymif;tvJumvwpf&yfjzpf
zdkY vkyfEdkif? rvkyfEkdifqkdwmudk
enf;vrf;&SmazGNyD; uRefawmfwdkY
ESpfEkdifiHtMum; pmrsufESmopf
pwif zGifhvSpfygvdrfhr,f/
tJ'DjzpfEkdifajc[m jrefrm
tpdk;&u ydkNyD;vufawGUuswJh
aqmif&GufrIawG vkyfwJhtay:
rlwnfygvdrfhr,f/ wu,fvdkY
jrefrmjynf[m jyKjyifajymif;
vJ a &;vrf ; aMumif ; ud k quf
avSsmufzdkY ysufuGufcJh&if ydwf
qdkYrIawGeJY txD;usefrIawGudk
qufvuf&ifqkdif&ygvdrfhr,f/
'gayrJh jrefrmjynf[m 'Dtcsdef
rSm (tajymif;tvJudk) zrf;qkyf
Ekid &f ef? tJ'aD emufrmS trsK;d om;
jyefvnfpnf;vk;H nDw
G af &;udk
tm;aumif;apEkdifNyD; jynfol
oef;aygif;rsm;pGm[mvnf; *kPf
odum&SdrI? <u,f0rIeJY vGwfvyf
rIawGudk ydkrdkBuD;rm;wJh twkdif;
twmeJY&&SdNyD; &SifoefaexkdifzkdY
tcGifhta&;&&Sdygvdrfhr,f/ 'g
,kHMunfcsufaMumifh tusOf;usaeolrsm; tjrefvTwfay;&ef NAdwdef0efBuD; wdkufwGef;

at;jrausmf
jrefrmEkdifiHokdU okH;&ufwm vma&mufcJh
aom NAdwdef0efBuD; vTwfawmfukd,fpm;
vS,f tef(ef)j'L;rpfcs,fonf aejynf
awmfwGif 'kwd,orwtygt0if tpkd;
&tzGJU0if tqifhjrifht&m&Sdrsm;ESifhawGU
qkHpOf ,kHMunfcsufaMumifh tusOf;uscH
ae&ol r sm;uk d tjref q k H ; vT w f a y;&ef
wdu
k w
f eG ;f cJah Mumif; 0efBu;D u Ek0d ifbm 17
&ufwiG f axmufBuHUppfocsK i;f jyKvyk cf hJ
aom owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif ajymMum;
cJhonf/
]]jrefrmEkid if rH mS jzpfay:aewJh tprf;
oabmaqmifayr,fh ppfrSefwJh jyKjyif
ajymif;vJraI wGaMumifh orkid ;f wGiw
f hJ 'Dc&D;
pOfudk vmzkq
Yd ;Hk jzwfcyhJ gw,f/ ajymif;vJrI
aMumih f 'D j zpf E k d i f a jc[m rod
usKd;uRHjyKvkdY r&atmif odyft
a&;ygvSygw,f/
'D a eY naeyd k i f ; rS m awmh
uRefawmf[m orwOD;odef;pdef
tygt0if tmqD,HeJY tar&d
uef&JUawGUqkHrIrSm 'Dowif;
pum;awGudk xyfrHajymMum;
oGm;ygOD;r,f/ 'DtawmtwGi;f
rp[Dvm&Duvifwef[m ae
awGukdBudKqkdygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'DxufykdNyD;

taqmwvsif jyKjyifajymif;vJrIawGvkd
tyfaeygao;w,f/ uRefawmf jrefrm
tpkd;&xdyfwef;t&m&SdawGeJY aqG;aEG;wJh
txJrmS ,kMH unfcsuaf Mumifh tusO;f uscH
ae&olrsm;ukd tjrefqkH;vTwfay;zkdY aqG;
aEG;cJyh gw,f}}[k 0efBu;D u owif;axmuf
rsm;ESifhawGUqkHpOf ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/
0efBuD;onf vGefcJhaom av;ESpfcGJ
cefUu jrefrmEdik if o
H v
Ydk ma&mufpOf ukrd if;
ukdEkdifESifh awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cJhzl;NyD; rMumrD
wGif ,kHMunfcsufaMumifh tusOf;uscH
ae&olrsm;ukd tjrefqkH;vTwfay;vdrfh
rnf[k arQmv
f ifah Mumif; 0efBu;D u owif;
axmufrsm;ESifh awGUqkHpOfajymMum;oGm;
cJhonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHokdU orkdif;0if c&D;pOft
jynfawmfeJY &efukefudk c&D;xGuf

&if ol r [mvnf ; 'D o wif ;
pum;udk a':atmifqef;pkMunf
vdk 'Drkdua&pDvIyf&Sm;olawG?
t&yf b uf v l Y t zJ G U tpnf ; eJ Y
(jrefrm)tpdk;&udkyg ay;tyfzdkY
tcGifhta&;&&SdrSmjzpfygw,f/
xyfajymcsifwmuawmh
jrefrmjynfoal wGeYJ xku
d w
f efwhJ
jyefvnf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;eJY
jzpf vma&mufjcif;[k xkwfjyefcsufrsm;

wGif okH;EIef;xm;aom NAdwdef0efBuD;\
c&D;pOftwGif;wGif EkdA,fNidrf;csrf;a&;qk
&Sif a':atmifqef;pkMunfEiS v
hf nf; awGU
qkHaqG;aEG;cJhNyD; c&D; pOf&nf&G,fcsuft
wkdif; ,kHMunfcsuftusOf;om;rsm;vTwf
ay;a&;? tqif h q if h a jymif ; vJ v suf & S d
aom Oya'rsm;uk d twnf j yKjy|mef ;
jcif;? vGwfvyfNyD; w&m;rQwaomMum;
jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;taMumif;? wkdif;
&if ; om;rsm;aexk d i f & ma'orsm;wG i f
vufeufukdify#dyursm;ESifhywfoufNyD;
tjrefqkH; tqkH;owfa&;ESifh vlUtcGifht
a&;udprsm;tygt0if jrefrmEdkifiH\ jyK
jyifajymif;vJa&;tpDtpOfrsm;ukd c&D;pOf
twG i f ; aqG ; aEG ; cJ h a Mumif ; 0ef B uD ; u
owif;xkwfjyefonf/
topfwpfzef jyefvnfpwif
a&;tem*wfu&kd &Szd Ykd qufvuf
vkyaf qmif p&mawG&adS eygao;
w,f/ 'gayrJh 'DaeYrSmawmh uRef
awmfwkdY[m jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;
tjyKoabmaqmifwJh wkd;wuf
jzpfxGef;rIrsm;udk wHkYjyefaom
tm;jzihf 'DajcvSrf;udkpwifzkdY
qHk;jzwfcsufcscJhygw,f/ NyD;
awmh tm;vH k ; vT r f ; NcH K Ek d i f w J h
,leAD mq,fwefz;dk awGeYJ owd& dS

wJhjynfolwpf&yf? wpfrl xl;jcm;
wJhwkdif;jynfwpfjynf&JU tem
*wftwGuf tar&duef&JU ,Hk
MunfcH,lcsufudk &Sif;vif;pGm
okyfazmfzkdY uRefawmfqHk;jzwf
csufcscJhygw,f/
aus;Zl;trsm;BuD;wifygw,f/
Source; Office of the Press
Secretary, The White House
30
Photo - AFP
tvSnu
fh sOu|ae&m jrefrmEkid if u
H akd y;tyf&ef tmqD,H qk;H jzwf
Ekqm'ltm? Ekd0ifbm-18
2014 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHtm;
tmqD,HOu|cefYtyf&ef tm
qD , H a cgif ; aqmif r sm;u qk H ;
jzwfvkdufaMumif; od&onf /
,if ; qk H ; jzwf c suf t m; a':
atmifqef;pkMunf OD;aqmif
aom twkduftcHygwDuvnf;
BudKqkdcJhaMumif; *sumwmydkYpf
owif;uazmfjyonf/
tar&d u ef o r w bm;
&uftdkbm;rm;url jrefrmEkdifiH
vlYtcGifhta&;jyemrsm;ESihf
ywfouf pdk;&drfrIudkxkwfazmf
ajymMum;cJhonf/
]]qkH;jzwfcsuf csvkdufygNyD/
'g[m tckqdk w&m;0ifjzpfoGm;
ygNy/D wpfqufwnf;rSmyJ jrefrm
EkdifiHu wm0ef,laqmif&Guf
r,fh Ou|ae&mtwGuf b,f
vdjk yifqifaqmif&u
G rf aI wG vkyf
rvJqdkwmudk uRefawmfwdkYtm;
vkH;u BudKwifarQmfvifhapmifh
pm;aeygw,f}} [k tif'dkeD;&Sm;
Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBuD; rmwDemwm
vD*g0gu xdyfoD;tpnf;ta0;
yJt
G Ny;D owif;pm&Si;f vif;yJw
G iG f
ajymMum;onf/
tmqD , H O u | ae&mt
wGuf vkdtyfaomBudKwifjyif
qifrIrsm;wGif kyfydkif;qkdif&m
tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;om
rubJ Ou|wpfOD;\ EkdifiHt
aejzifh wm0ef,al qmif&u
G rf nfh
csOf;uyfykHvnf; yg0ifaMumif;
tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
u qufvufajymMum;onf/
tmqD,Hacgif;aqmifrsm;
\ axmufccH suu
f kd BuKd wifarQmf
vifx
h m;aom EkAd ,fNird ;f csr;f a&;
qk&iS f a':atmifqef;pkMunf \
ygwDuvnf; ,if;qkH;jzwfcsuf
udk BudKqdkcJhaMumif; kdufwmo
wif;Xmeu &efuek Nf rKd UrS owif;
ay;yd k Y x m;onf / jref r mEk d i f i H

tm; tmqD,HOu|ae&may;
tyf&ef tmqD,Hacgif;aqmif
rsm;\ axmufcHrIonf jrefrm
Ek d i f i H w G i f Ek d i f i H a &;tajymif ;
tvJjzpfay:vm&ef wGef;tm;
jzpfvdrfhrnf[k tifeft,fvf'D
ygwDuajymMum;onf/
]]olwdkY (acgif;aqmifawG)
[m vuf&Sd jrefrmtpdk;&udkjyK
jyifajymif;vJa&; t&Sdefudkjrifh
wifzdkY tm;ay;tm;ajrmufjyK
vkdufwmygyJ}}[k tifeft,f'D
ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdol OD;Pf0if;
uajymMum;onf/
tif'dkeD;&Sm;rD'D,mrsm;ESifh
jyKvkyfonfh awGUqkHar;jref;rI
wGif xkdif;0efBuD;csKyf ,ifvyfcf
&Sifem0gx&muvnf; jrefrm
EkdifiHtm; tmqD,HOu| ay;
tyfjcif;udk BudKqdkcJhNyD; ,if;rSm
jrefrmEkid if \
H 'Dru
kd a&pDEiS hf tm
qD,HtzJGUBuD;wpfckvkH;twGuf
aumif;rGefaMumif;ajymonf/
]]jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf tm
qD,H&JU tmkHpl;pkdufrIawGxJu
wpfck[m EkdifiHa&;vkHNcHKrIjzpfyg
w,f/ uRefr&JU jrefrmEkdifiHt
vnf t ywf c &D ; rS m zH G U Nzd K ;wk d ;
wuf r I a wG trsm;BuD ; ud k jrif
awGUcJ&h ygw,f/ xkid ;f Ekid if &H UJ &yf
wnfcsufuawmh uRefrwdkY[m
jrefrmEkdifiHudk tmqD,HOu|
ae&mtwGufvnf; axmufcH
ygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH&JU zHGUNzdK;wdk;
wufru
I v
kd nf; tm;ay;axmuf
cHygw,f}}[k xkdif;0efBuD;csKyfu
ajymMum;onf/
tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiHjcm;a&;
0efBuD; rmwDemwmvD*g0gurl
jref r mEk d i f i H t m; tmqD , H \
Ou | ae&may;tyf j cif ; jzif h
tmqD,t
H zJUG BuD;u jrefrmEkid if H
wGif 'Dru
dk a&pDtoGiu
f ;l ajymif;
a&; t&Sdeft[kefudk qufvuf

xdef;odrf;Ekdifap&eftwGufjzpf
aMumif; ajymMum;onf/
Ref: Jakata Post
ukvtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf jrefrmEdkifiHvmrnf
Elqm'ltm? Ekd0ifbm-19
jrefrmEkdifiHESifh ukvor*\ yl;
aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;tm; ydkrdk
tm;aumif ; ck d i f r mvmapa&;
aqG;aEG;rIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf[k
jrefrmEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D OD;0Parmif
vGifuajymMum;aMumif; dkuf
wmowif;wGif azmfjyonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHodkY vma&muf
vnfywf&ef orwOD;odef;pdef
\zdwMf um;csuu
f v
kd nf; vufcH
cJah Mumif; ukvor*twGi;f a&;
rSL;csKyf befuDrGef;u owif;
axmufrsm;ESifh awGUqkHrIwpfck
wG i f ajymMum;onf / rp w m
befurD eG ;f \ tvnftywfc&D;
rSm vykid ;f twGi;f jzpfay:vmEkid f
aMumif;vnf;jrefrmEkid if q
H idk &f m
ukvtwGi;f a&;rSL;csKy\
f tBuH
ay; ADa*serfb,
D m;u ajymMum;
onf/
tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiH bmvD
uRef;wGif EkdifiHaygif; 18 EkdifiHrS
acgif;aqmifrsm;\ ta&SUtm&S
xdyo
f ;D aqG;aEG;yJu
G mvtwGi;f
rpwmbefuDrGef;ESifh awGUqkH
aqG;aEG;cJjh cif;jzpfaMumif; jrefrm
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme jynf
axmifpk0efBuD; OD;0Parmif
vGifu dkufwmowif;XmeodkY
ajymMum;onf/ Ref: Reuters
tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm;twGuf uefa':vm 10 bDvD,H

acs;aiGay;&ef wkwfEkdifiH uwdu0wfjyK
Elqm'ltm(tif'dkeD;&Sm;)?
Ekd0ifbm - 19
wk w f E k d i f i H o nf td r f e D ; csif ;
ta&SUawmiftm&SEkdifiHrsm;t
wGuf tajccHtaqmufttkH
wnf a qmuf a &;acs;aiG u ef
a': vm 10 bDv,
D aH y;tyfrnf
jzpfaMumif; wkwf0efBuD;csKyf
0rfMum;aygifuajymonf/
tif ' k d e D ; &S m ;Ek d i f i H bmvD
uRef ; wG i f t a&S U awmif t m&S
Ekid if aH cgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh wkwf
Ekid if H \ tpnf;ta0;rdecYf eG ;f wGif
rpwm0rfMum;aygifu ,if;odkY
aMunmcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 2009
ck E S p f w G i f ta&S U awmif t m&S
a'otwGuf tvm;wl acs;aiG
uefa':vm 15 bDvD,Hxkwf
acs;cJhaMumif;od&onf/
2009 ck E S p f acs;aiG j zih f
tmqD,HEkdifiHrsm; tm;vHk;eD;
yg;wGif tajccHtaqmufttkH
zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;pDrHudef; 50
ausmf t m; yH h y d k ; ay;cJ h a Mumif ;
wkwf0efBuD;csKyfu ajymMum;
cJhonf[k qif[Gmowif;at
*sifpDrS xkwfjyefonfh wkwf0ef
BuD ; csKyf \ rd e f Y c G e f ; wG i f a zmf j y
onf/
wkwEf idk if EH iS fh tzGUJ 0if 10
Ekid if yH g tmqD,w
H o
Ydk nf b@m
a&;yl ; aygif ; aqmif & G u f r I u d k
vnf; jrifhwifoihfNyD; ESpfzuf
tMum; ukefoG,frIwGif wkwf
,G r f a iG E S i h f tmqD , H a iG a Mu;
rsm;jzihf udk;um;azmfjyrIudk tm;
ay;Ny;D a'owGi;f aiGaMu;zvS,f
rItaMumif;vnf; wkw0f efBu;D
csKyfuajymMum;onf/

Ref: AFP
31
Chicken Soup
tdk;qHk;
ol&Jaumif;Zmwf
CHICKEN SOUP
tdef*s,fvif;
vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif;twef
Mumu atmf&D*GefrSm&SdwJh [k'f
awmifxyd u
f w
kd ufMuwJah wmif
wuform;oHk;a,muf[m ajc
acsmfNyD; atmufbufayig;&m
avmuftxdwvdr ahf cgufauG;
jyKwu
f somG ;cJMh uw,fw/hJ tcsed f
uvnf; ESi;f awGat;cJaewJt
h
csed af ygh/ olwaYkd wG[m jyKwu
f swhJ
ae&mrSm at;cJaewJha&cJESif;
xkawGeJY wpfem&Drdkifckepfq,f
avmuf wdu
k cf wfaewJh aqmif;
avjyif;awGMum;rSm wpfnvHk;
aecJ h M u&w,f / ywf 0 ef ; usif
wpfckvHk;uvnf; ESif;jrLawGeJY
a00g;NyD; bmqdkbmrS rjrifEdkif
wJh tajctaeaygh / ol wd k Yr S m
ta&;ay:tultnD awmif;
wJhtcsufjypufuav;ygawmh
'Dpufuav;uae tultnD
awmif;wJt
h csujf yawGuakd wmh
tqufrjywf xkwfvTifhaecJh
w,f / tJ ' D tcsuf j yawG u d k
awmifaMumatmufajcuu,f
q,fa&;tzGUJ wpfzUJG u odomG ;cJh
w,f/
tvGew
f u
d swahJ cwfrw
D nf
ae&mjyenf;ynmawGaMumifh
u,fq,af &;tzGUJ uolwaYkd &muf
aewJhae&mtwdtusudk&SmazG
azmfxkwfNyD; olwdkYudk u,fEdkifcJh
w,f/ olwu
Ykd u
kd ,fcw
hJ t
hJ xJrmS
enf;ynm&,f? u,fq,fa&;
tzGJU&,ftjyif aemufwpfOD;
vnf;&Sdao;w,fvdkY u,fq,f
a&;orm;wpfa,mufuajymjy
w,f/ oluawmhawmifwuf o
rm;awGeJYtwltazmfvdkufvm
wJh vmA&ma'gacG;BuD;ygyJ/ 'D
acG;Bu;D &JU emrnfu AJvAf ufw/hJ
'DacG;BuD;u awmifwuform;
awG j yKwf u sawmh ol y gvd k u f
avQmqif;csvmNyD; cg;oD;at;
pufwJh aMumufp&maqmif;n
wpfnvH;k olweYkd t
YJ azmfvyk af y;
cJhw,fvdkY qdkw,f/ ]olwdkY&JUt
oufukd wu,fwrf;u,fvu
kd f
wmu tJ'aD cG;Bu;D awmifjzpfEikd f
w,f} vdkY u,fq,fa&;orm;
c&D;onfwif,mOf
aygufuJGrIaMumifU
ESpfOD;
'Pf&m&&Sd
oifrh mS &Sw
d meJaY useyfyg? oifyh wf0ef;usiu
f tjzpftysuaf wG ol o
Y abmolaqmif
NyD;jzpfysufaewmudk aysmfaysmfBuD;Munfhaevdkuf? aemufqHk; oifhqDrSmvpf[mae
wmbmwpfcrk rS &Sb
d ;l vdYk odvmwJt
h cg urmavmuBu;D wpfcv
k H ;k [m oifyikd u
f rmBu;D
jzpfvmrSm...
avmifZl;
wpfa,mufuajymwmyJ/
'DZmwfvrf;uav;u tJ'D
wkef;u uRefawmfwdkYNrdKUrSm em
rnfBuD;w,fav/ awmifwuf
orm;awGtm;vHk; txdtcdkuf
r&Sb
d aJ b;uif;vGwaf jrmufvm
Muwmtjyif 'DZmwfvrf;rSm ol
&Jaumif;jzpfoGm;wJh AJvfAuf
aMumifhvnf; uRefawmfwdkY 'D
Zmwfvrf;udk oabmusMuwm
jzpfr,f/ wu,fawmh ol[m
acG;wpfaumifjzpfNyD; olYADZt
wdik ;f twdtusaexdik o
f mG ;cJw
h hJ
ckefqif;cJhw,f/ NyD;awmhat;cJ
arSmifrJaewJh aqmif;nxJrSm
olY&JUaEG;axG;wJh cEmudk,fudk
olYocifawGab;rSmvJavsmif;
ay;NyD; taEG;"mwfeJY cspfjcif;
arwmw&m;udk olwwfEdkifo
avmufay;cJhw,fav/
uRefawmfhrSmvnf; vmb
&ma'gacG;r teufa&mifwpf
aumif&Sdw,f/ oluawmh uRef
awmfhudk aywpfaomif;ausmf
qD;ESif;zHk;aewJh awmifay:u
ae u,fwifcGifhrMuHKcJhayr,fh
axG;oGm;avh&w
dS ,f/ uReaf wmfh
tay:usa&mufvmwJh awmif;
qdkrIaygif;pHku uRefawmfydkifwJh
wpfaeYwm tcsdefem&DawGeJY r
qHhavmufatmif rsm;jym;vm
wJhtcgrSm uRefawmf[m xGuf
ayguf t aeeJ Y ol Y & J U aexd k i f
jzwf o ef ; yH k u d k jyef N yD ; avh v m
&awmhw,f/ olu tNr;D uav;
eefNY y;D uReaf wmfh qDajy;vmr,f/
NyD;&if oGm;&nfawGpdk&TJaewJh yg;
pyfeJY uRefawmfhudkyGwfoyfr,f/
NyD;awmh uRefawmfhabmif;bDp
udk udu
k Nf y;D tdrt
f jyifxu
G v
f rf;
avQmufzdkY twif;ac:r,fav/
twGuf ol&Jaumif;jzpfoGm;&
wmvdkY uRefawmfxifw,fav/
wu,fawmh 'DacG;awG[m
rsKd;dk;t& b,favmufyJ owd
&Sdw,fajymajym? toufu,f
avhusifhcef;awG b,favmuf
yJ ,l x m;xm;? b,f a vmuf
awmif todPfjrifhrm;w,f
yJajymajym wu,fwrf;olwdkY
toufu,foGm;wJht&nft
csi;f u tayGUzufcHjcif;ygyJ/ 'D
acG;BuD;u aywpfaomif;ausmf
awmifay:udk awmufavQmuf
vdu
k yf gcJNh y;D olo
Y cifawG acsmuf
xJ usomG ;awmhvnf; olygvdu
k f
uRefawmfhb0&JU tusyfwnf;
qH;k tcsed af wGrmS wpfenf;wpfzkH
vrf ; jy u,f w if c J h w myJ v d k Y
ajymEdkifwmaygh/ olu olYar;
d k ; rS m vmuyf a ewJ h trd I u f p
awGudk vQmeJYoyfNyD; oefY&Sif;ae
wJ h t cgrS m yJ j zpf j zpf ? ol Y a usm
uke;f rSm ,m;vmvdw
Yk pfu,
kd v
f ;kH
wGefYvdrfvl;vGefYNyD; Murf;jyifeJY
yGwzf Ykd BuKd ;pm;wJt
h cgrSmyJjzpfjzpf
acG ; wpf a umif & J U obm0 t
qefqHk;eJY ADZtqefqHk;yHkpHrsKd;
jzpfoGm;avh&Sdw,f/
wpfcgwpf&H uRefawmfh&JU
b0[m xH;k pHtwdik ;f t&rf;udk Iyf
tjyifxGufNyD;vrf;avQmufwJh
tcgrSm vnf;ol[m[dek m;? onf
em; cP&yfNyD; [dkMunfh? onf
Munfhe J Y avxk x J teH Y c H w wf
w,f/ vlawGu ajymavh&w
dS ,f
av/ b0udk cP&yfNyD; ywf0ef;
usif avxkxu
J kd erf;IyMf unfyh g
OD;wJh/ cifAsm;wkdYarhavsmhaewJh
ESif;qDeHYuav;awGudk tJ'DrSm
SLIdufrd&Edkifw,fwJhav/ ol
uawmh avxkxJubmudkerf;
dIufw,fqdkwmuRefawmfrod
ygbl;/
olu uRefawmhftdrfwHcg;
rSm wpfpHkwpfOD;a&mufvmNyD;
ausmfoD[
c&D;onfwiftrSwf (88) oefjrefo,
l mOfwpfp;D tif*sit
f ylveG u
f NJ y;D
aygufuJGrIwpfckjzpfyGm;cJhaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
wmarGNrdKUe,f? usKduqHvrf;ESifh 157 vrf;qkHwGif tif*siftyl
vGeu
f
J aygufurGJ jI zpfcu
hJ m aygufurGJ aI Mumifh ,mOf ay:wGiv
f u
dk yf g
vmaom c&D;onfEpS Of ;D twGi;f vlemtjzpf oCFe;f uRe;f aq;ko
H Ykdwif
ydkYcJh&aMumif; od&onf/ txufygaygufuJGrIrSm Ekd0ifbm 9 &ufaeY
v,f 12 em&D rdepf 20 wGif jzpfymG ;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ tqdyk gjzpfpOfwiG f
,mOfarmif;tm; wmarG&pJ cef;rS y^682^11 yk'rf 286^338 jzifh ppf
aq;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/
PSA jrefrmu
acgif ; avmif ; ud k ES d y f w J h t cg
b,fvdk wkHYjyef&r,fqdkwmudk
vnf; tNrJowday;wwfw,f/
vlawGu udp& v
dS yYkd jJ zpfjzpf? vrf;
MuHKvdkYyJjzpfjzpf? owd&vdkYyJ jzpf
jzpf uRefawmfwdkY&JU wHcg;a&SUudk
a&muf v mwwf M uw,f a v/
'Dvdka&mufvmwJhtcgwdkif;rSm
olu 0rf;omtm;&eJY xGufNyD;
Bud K awmh w myJ / ol Y & J U wpf a eY
wm[m b,favmufyJ aysmf&Tif
0rf ; ajrmuf z G , f ? ysif ; &d pd w f
ysufzG,f? 0rf;enf;aMuuGJzG,f
aumif;aumif; tdrfwHcg;0udk
a&mufvmwJhvlwdkif;udk ol0rf;
omtm;&BudKqdkyHkuawmh b,f
awmhrS rajymif;vJoGm;bl;/
olY&JU urmavmuBuD;rSm
tao;tzGJIyfaxG;rIawG? t
ao;pdwfudpawGtwGuf oHk;p
&mtcsdefvHk;0r&Sdbl;av/ olrSm
vufawGUusNyD;dk;&Sif;wJh? tifr
wefraS useyfp&maumif;wJh udp
awGu trsm;BuD;&Sdaewmudk;/
Oyrmpm;wmrsKd;aygh/ uRefawmf
olt
Y wu
G 0f ,fay;xm;&wJh {&m
r acG;pmxkyfBuD;udkzGifhNyD; ol
wpfcgpm;p&m tcJuav;awG
udka&uav;enf;enf;a&mNyD;
olpm;aeuscGufxJudk xnfhay;
vdu
k Nf y;D &if 'gawGcPcsi;f aysmuf
uG,foGm;atmif oltm;&yg;&
pm;ypfvu
kd w
f m uReaf wmfapmifh
MunfhaeMuav/ 'D tpm;tpm?
'DcGufeJY 'Dpdwftm;xufoefrI
awG[mnpOfnwdkif; rajymif;
rvJbJ uRefawmfBuHKawGUaeMu
olY&JUurmavmuwpfckyJjzpfyg
w,f / bmtaMumif ; aMumif h
udk,f&aewmudk rausreyfjzpf
p&mrsm;&S d & rS m vJ v d k Y ol uRef
awmfwdkYudk ajymjyaeovdkygyJ/
uRefawmfxrif;pm;cef;xJ
u pm;yGJuav;rSmxdkifNyD; t
a<u;pm&if;awG? bDvaf wGux
kd ikd f
wGufwmyJjzpfjzpf? vkyfp&mt
vkyfa<u;usefawGudk xdkif&Sif;
wmrsK ;d awGvyk af ewwfwt
hJ csed f
rSm olu uRefawmfh&JUtmHkudk
ajymif ; oG m ;atmif vk y f w wf
w,f/ olu tarG;zGm;zGm;olY
udk,fvHk;eJY uRefawmfh&JUajc&if;
rS m vmxd k i f N yD ; ol Y o G m ;awG e J Y
uRefawmfh ajcusif;0wfudk cyf
zGzGuav;udkufNyD; vmupm;
wwfw,f/ NyD;&if uRefawmfhajc
&if;rSmyJocl Puav;tdyaf ysmf
oGm;avh&w
dS ,f/ oluuReaf wmfh
udk ]a[h? rif;bmawGavmae
wmvJ / igh v d k r sKd ; cPwjzKwf
avmufem;ygOD;vm;uG} qdkNyD;
ajymaeovdkrsKd;ygyJ/
olY&JUenf;uvnf; dk;&Sif;o
avmuf t vk y f j zpf v S w ,f /
b,fudkyJa&mufaea&mufae?
bmawG y J v k y f v k y f M um;xJ r S m
cPem;NyD;wa&;avmuftdyf
vd k u f & if tm;tif a wG c Pu
av;eJYJjyefNyD;jynfhoGm;vdrfhr,f
av/ NyD;&if urmavmuBuD;xJ
udktm;tiftjynfheJY jyef0ifvm
cJhaygh/
uRefawmfwdkY&JU urmavm
uBuD;[m Iyaf xG;rGe;f usyv
f eG ;f
vSwJhtwGuf wpfcgwavrSm
olYvdkrsKd;tdk;&Sif;qHk;jzpfwnfrI
oufoufrSm auseyfrIudk&SmEdkif
zdkYqdkwm uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf e
rlem,lp&m oifcef;pmaumif;
wpfckjzpfaeygw,f/ atmf&D*Gef
awmifaMumay:rSm acG;BuD;AJvf
Auf oufaojyoGm;ovdkrsKd;
yJ udk,fht&Sdtwdkif; twdtus
aexdkifwkHYjyefHkeJY ol&Jaumif;
wpfa,mufjzpfomG ;apEdik w
f ,f
qdkwmudkvnf; uRefawmf tNrJ
udk,fhudk,fudk,f trSwf&apyg
w,f/ukd,fhrSm pm;p&mtjynfheJY
cGufuav;wpfcGuf&,f? 0ifacG
p&maEG;axG;oefY&Sif;wJh tdyf&m
uav;wpfck&,f? uRefawmfwdkY
acgif;wdk;p&m&ifcGifwpfck&,f?
aemuf tao;tzG J u av;t
enf;i,f&,fqdk&if b0BuD;u
vH;k 0jynfph o
kH mG ;NyaD v/ 'Dvu
kd Ref
awmfem;vnfxm;w,f/
Ref: 'Life Lessons from the
Lab' by Rita Lussier
qdyjf zLNrKd eY ,ftwGi;f &Sd a&ab;oif&U mG rsm;okYd apmifrsm;vSL'ge;f
&efukef?Edk0ifbm-13
pifumylEdkifiH qdyfurf;tmPm
ydkifwGif tvkyfvkyfvsuf&SdMu
onfh PSA jrefrmrdom;pku qdyf
jzLNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd a&ab;oifh
&Gmrsm;tm; apmifrsm;ay;tyf
vSL'ef;cJhonf/
qdyfjzLNrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd t
a&SUuHwiG ;f aus;&Gmtkypf t
k wGi;f &Sd
ta&SUuHwGif;aus;&Gm?qifvrf;
acsmif;aus;&Gm? uydkifta&SU?
uydkiftaemuf aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd
tdrfaxmifpkrsm;tm; wpftdrf
axmifvQif apmifwpfxnfEIef;
jzifhqdyfjzLNrdKUe,ftajcpdu
k v
f rl I
a&;ulnrD t
I oif;wpfcjk zpfonfh
o*F[toif;\ tultnDjzifh
qJAif;a';*sme,frS wpfqifah y;
tyfvSL'gef;cJhonf/ o*F[ vlrI

ulnaD &;toif;onf qdyjf zLNrKd U
e,fEiS hf teD;tem;&Gmrsm;rS emr
usef;olrsm;vlemwifum;tul
tnDay;a&;ESifh vuf&Sda&ab;
wGifa&ab;oif&h mG rsm;\vdt
k yf
csurf sm; tvSL&Sirf sm;ESihf yl;wGu
J l
nDay;vsu&f adS om vlraI &;tzGUJ
tpnf;wpfckjzpfonf/
32
Opinion
uwnf;u pmzwf
i,f i,f
0goemygvdYk pmrSeo
f rQ
rvGww
f rf;zwfco
hJ vdk tckvnf;
pmtkyif mS ;zwf? 0,fzwfwt
hJ jyif
*sme,frsKd;pkH&SmBuHzwfavh&Sdyg
w,f/ rIcif;owif;*sme,fawG
udkawmh BuHKrSyJ zwfjzpfygw,f/
zwf N yD ; wk d i f ; rd e f ; rom; wpf
a,muftaeeJY pdwfESvkH; rcsrf;
romjzpf&vGef;vdkYyg/ olwpfyg;
vdrw
f m? nmwm rcHMu&atmif
BudKwifqifcsiaf &SmifMuOfEidk Mf u
atmif vrf;jyowday;tBuH
Pf A[kokwav;awGygwm
aMumifh aus;Zl;vnf;wif ynm
vnf; &ayr,fh rSefwmajym&
&if zwf & rS m aMumuf a erd y g
w,f/ BuHKBudKufvdkY raeEkdifvdkY
ckvdkzwfrdjyefawmh udk,fwkdif
awmif vl o wf c sif p d w f a wG
aygufvmNyD; 'Daqmif;yg;av;
udka&;vkdufrdwJhtxdygyJ/
rIcif;owif;*sme,fzwf
rdrSvnf; te,fe,f t&yf&yf
rSm ud,
k rf odao;wmawG rMum;
zl ; ? rBuH K zl ; ao;wmawG aeY
pOfeJYtrQ tawmfrsm;rsm; jzpf
ysufaeMuwmygvm;qdkNyD; &if
emwmeJt
Y rQ owdoaH 0*vnf;
&rd y gw,f / awmbuf ? e,f
bufawGrmS xrif;pm;a&aomuf
vd k vG , f v G , f j zpf y suf a ewJ h
rk'def;rIawGudk qdkvdkcsifwmyg/
txl ; ojzif h uav;ol i ,f r
av;awG BuHKawGUcHpm;aeMu&
wJ h avmui&J q d k & if qif j cif
p&m? &ifemp&m? aMumufp&m
taumif;qkH;ygyJ/ uRefrvnf;
rdef;rom;qdkawmh udk,hforD;
rsm; jzpfcJh&ifqdkwJhtodeJY ydkNyD;
udk,fcsif;pmemrdygw,f/ tdrf
axmif&iS f trsK;d orD;awG awmif
usef ; rma&; tqif r ajy&if
udk,fpdwfESvkH;rMunfvifwJh t
csdefrsKd;eJY BuHK&if 'Dudp[m onf;
nnf;cHcsipf &m raumif;wJh 'ku
qd k ; wpf r sKd ; qd k w m rd e f ; rom;
wkdif; todrdkY uav;i,fav;
awG b uf u ud k , f c sif ; pm
Munf&h if odEidk Mf uygw,f/ ud,
k f
awGawmif onfupd u
kd 'kuw
pf
rsKd;vdk vufcHxm;Mu&if bmrS
rodem;rvnf&SmwJh bmpdwfrS
r&S&d mS Muao;wJh jzLjzLpifpif EkEk
e,fe,f uav;i,fav;awG
crsm b,favmufBuD;av;wJh
xdwv
f efaY Mumuf&UHG p&maumif;
wJh 'kuqkd;BuD;rsKd;udk cHpm;cJhMu&
r,fqdkwm awG;awmif rawG;
Munfh0Hhp&mygyJ/ pmemwwfMu
r,f q d k & if tif r wef oem;p
&m &ifemp&m aumif;ygw,f/
avmavmq,f avmui&JcH&
wJhtjyif BuD;jyif;vm&ifvnf;
onf t rnf ; puf B uD ; u wpf
oufvkH; olwkdYav;awG&JU &if
xJrSma&m ywf0ef;usifrSma&m
wmoifyh gbl;/ t&ufr;l wJv

h u
l
wpf r sKd ; ? rrl ; wJ h v l u wpf r sKd ; ?
tm;vkH;udk axmifrcsbJ t&yf
xJrmS wif0ikd ;f Ny;D taodu
k o
f wf
ypfzdkYyJ aumif;ygw,f/
odMuwJhtwkdif; e,fbuf
awmbufu vlawG[m trsm;
tm;jzifh rdk;vif;urdk;csKyf v,f
awm,mawmvkyfief;cGifawG
xJrSmyJ aeYpOfpm;0wfaea&;t
wGuf kef;uefvIyf&Sm;aeMu&
jzpfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dt

csufudk txl;owdjyKoihfMuyg
w,f/
ur m BuD ; [m tbuf
bufu ajymif;vJw;kd wufvmrI
awGeJYtwl qkwf,kwfrIawG[m
vnf ; renf ; wmrd k Y acwf
aumif;BuD; ajym&rvm;? acwf
qd k ; BuD ; vd k Y ajym&rvm;? bm
ajym&rSef; rodwJh vuf&Sdacwf
BuD;xJrSm vltawmfrsm;rsm;&JU
pdwf"mwfawG[mvnf; ajymif;
vJukefMuygNyD/ ]]udk,fuusL;&if
ud k , f h ' l ; awmif ud k , f r ,k H e J Y } }
]]vl d k ; qd k w m ocsK i f ; rS m yJ &S d
w,f}} qdkwJh todpdwf"mwfrsKd;
uRefawmfhudk odvm;
ausmif;om;wpfa,muf cufcJaom pmar;yGJwpfck
udkajzaeonf/ pmar;yGJtcsdefjynfhoGm;aomtcg if;wkdY\
tajzvTmrsm;udk csucf si;f vmtyf&ef ygarmuuausmif;om;
rsm;udak jymvku
d o
f nf/ ausmif;om;url pmar;yGu
J q
kd ufajz
aeonf/ ajzqkrd u
I kd r&yfygu pnf;urf;csK;d azmufrjI zihf pmar;
yGJcsypfrnf[k ygarmuBuD;u owday;onf/
10 rdepfcefMY umaomtcg ausmif;om;vnf; tajzvTm
udu
k idk
f ygarmuBuD;tm; oGm;ay;onf/ tajzvTmudk vuf
rcHawmhaMumif; q&mBuD;uajymonf/
xkdtcg ausmif;om;u..
]]uRefawmf b,folvJqkdwm q&mBuD;odvm;}}[k ar;
yg\/
ygarmuBu;D u ]]rodb;l ? *kvnf;rpdu
k b
f ;l }}[kq
k ydk g\/
wGif ausmif;om;u ]]uRefawmf b,folvJqdkwm
ygarmuBuD; wu,frodbl;vm;}} [k xyfrHar;jref;\/
ygarmuBu;D uvnf; pdwrf 0ifpm;[efjzihf wpfzufvn
S o
hf mG ;
&m ausmif;om;u tajzvTmtyH\
k tv,favmufwiG f olt
Y
ajzvTmudx
k ;kd xnfo
h mG ;onf/ xkad usmif;om; pmar;yGaJ tmif
avonf/
a&S;a[mif;ypnf;
pOf;pm;ay;Muyg
vlwpfa,mufu olYoli,fcsif;tm; ,ckvdk <um;vHk;

xkwfae onf/
]]igu a&S;a[mif;ypnf; pkwJhae&mrSmawmh emrnf
BuD;yJuG}}
wGifoli,fcsi;f u]]igodygw,fumG /rif;rde;f rudkawGU
NyD;uwnf;u igoabmaygufoGm;w,f}}[kqkdygav\/
orD;rkduf(jynf&dyfrGeftdrf&m)
zsuyf pfv&Ykd rSmwJv

h m;/ pGe;f xif;
usef&pfaeOD;rSmav/
'gud k onf v k d y J M unf h a e
MuawmhrSmvm;/
axmif ' Pf t jypf a v;
ay;kHeJYawmh ]]&,fwmaygh}}vdkY
awmif qdkMuOD;rSm/ 'gaMumifh
vnf; e,fbuf? awmbufawG
rSm rMumcP tvG,fwuljzpf
aeMuwmaygh/ wcsKdUu t&uf
rl;aewmudk taMumif;jyNyD; t
umtuG,,
f cl siMf uao;w,f/
rl;&if acs;auR;Munfhygvm;vdkY
ajymcsifygw,f/ uRefrdkif;oGm;
&if onf;cHcGifhvTwfay;Muyg/
jzpfEkdif&if 'Dvl,kwfrmawGudk
'Dxufawmif dkif;oifhw,fvdkY
xifygw,f/ vlBuD;tcsif;csif;
qdk&if BuHzefpdwfajzvdkY &ao;
ayr,fh udk,fhnDr? udk,fhorD;
t&G,fav;awGudkrS BuHpnfMu
olawGudkawmh b,fvdkrS rnm
wmqkdawmh udk,fhrSm&SdwJh om;

orD;awGudk ywf0ef;usiftdrfeD;
csif;awGudkyJ tm;udk;tyfESHxm;
cJhMu&wmav/ uav;tcsif;
csif;yJ xdef;Mu&wmqdkwm tdrf
awGuvnf; wpftrd ef YJ wpftrd f
tvSrf;a0;? vkHNcHKrIuvnf; r&Sd?
aumufdk;ykHawG? opfyifNcHKykwf
awGuwnf; aygrsm;? tBuHt
zeform;awGtzdkY ]]ewfwdkY zef?
a&uef t oif h } } jzpf r aezl ;
vm;/ ywf 0 ef ; usif q d k w mu
vnf; udk,fhtvkyfeJY udk,fqdk
awmh tcsd e f j ynf h a pmif h M unf h
ray;ekdifwm olwdkYudk tjypfwif
csifvdkY r&bl;av/ e,fol e,f
om;awG&UJ dk;om;vGef;wJh pdwf
"mwf? tcsif;csif;,kHMunftm;
udk; vG,fvGef;wwfwJh tpOft
vm pdwf"mwfawG[m ]]udk,fh
MuHrmudk,f zefwD;ovdk}} ]]udk,fh
tE&m,f udk,fzdwfac:ovdk}}
awG wcsKd U vl a wG t ay:rS m

ajymif;vJarG;jrLoifhaeygNyD/
wcsKdU vlawG[m wpfOD;
OD; 'kujzpfwmjrif&if Mum;&if
]][kwfvm; w&m;eJYom ajzyg
uG,f}} vdkY udk,fhrxdao;awmh
rpmemwwfbJ cyfvG,fvG,f
ajymNyD ; w&m;cswwf M uyg
w,f/ udk,fwkdifvnf; BuHKa&m
"m;qJG? wkwfqJGeJY vlowfrIawG
txd jzpf u k e f M uawmh w myJ /
tckuav;awG jyema&m?
b,fw&m;eJY ajzvdkYrS&aumif;
wJ h t &m r[k w f w maMumif h
b,f r d b ua&m b,f v d k a jz
EkdifrSmwJhvJ/ 'gaMumifh udk,feJY
rqk d i f o vd k ? ud k , f e J Y y wf o uf
p&m udpr&SdavqdkNyD; usefrdb
awGu rsufESmvJTcJypfvkyfrae
oif h M uygbl ; / 0d k i f ; 0ef ; pmem
oem;MuygvdYk wku
d w
f eG ;f vku
d yf g
&ap/ aus;&GmawGrSm&SdaeMuwJh
oufqkdif&m vlBuD;rif;rsm;u
vnf; 'DudprsKd;awG udk,fhe,f
udk,fha'orSm wwfEkdiforQ y
aysmuf avsmhenf;oGm;atmif
orD;rdef;uav; r&Sd&ifawmif
rS udk,fhorD;av;om jzpfcJh&if
qdkwJh pmempdwfeJY tav;xm;
aqmif&Gufay;apcsifygw,f/
axmif'Pfay;kHeJYawmh
]]&,f wmaygh}} vdkYxifaewJh 'kp
kdufaumifawGudk rSwfavmuf
om;avmufatmif jyif;jyif;xef
xeftjypfay;vdkY r&awmhb;l wJh
vm;/ uav;awGawmif wcsKdU
uyg;pyfeYJ qk;H rkeH w
YJ if &ayr,fh
wcsKdUu wkwfeJY ememdkufqkH;r
rS &Mu aMumuf M uwmav/
wpf a ,muf u d k rS w f a vmuf
atmif pHjyvkyfjyvkduf&if usef
aemuf v k d u f r ,f h v l a wG enf ;
enf ; awmh NzH K oG m ;r,f x if y g
w,f / (c&D ; oG m ; *syef t rsKd ;
orD;av; trIudk erlem,lNyD;

usefqdkifu,f u,f&Dorm;awG
vefYzsm; zsm;ukefMuovdkaygh/
'gawmif tm;vkH;awmh zsm;Mu
OD;r,frxifyg/)
'D a wmh 'D u av;awG t
wGuf azmifa';&Sif;vkyfay;zdkY 'D
wpfoufrmS b,fvrkd S rarQmrf eS ;f
&Jygbl;/ 'gaMumifh wu,fvdkY
rsm;usif;yaewJh vTwfawmfrSm
ar;jref;cGifh&cJhr,fqdk&if ae&m
wkid ;f rSm acgif;razmf rsuEf mS rjy&J
atmifaxmif'PfBudrf'Pf t
jyifrsufvkH;wpfvkH;udk wpfvkH;
csif; tpm;r&Ekdif&ifawmif a&S;
wkef;uezl;jyifay:rSm zsufr&
wJh wHqdyftrSwf trSwftom;
dkufESdyfay;ovdk tjypf'PfrsKd;
udkyg ay;Ekdifatmif Oya'awG
udkrsm; ajymif;vJjyifqifay;zdkY
tpDtpOfav;rsm; &Sdygovm;
vdkY/
/
t,f'DwmcsKyf- aomif;pkNidrf;/ trIaqmift,f'Dwmrsm;- tm;rmef? Nidrf;Nidrf;Ekdif/ pmrsufESmzGJYpnf;rIESifU'DZdkif;t,f'Dwm - apmpnfolrdk;? owif;t,f'Dwmrsm;- at;jrausmf? aevif;atmif? oD[? ar0if;rGef/
tBuD;wef;owif;axmuf- jrwfpkrGef? ZmZmEdk? ,kZeudkudk/ EdkifiHwumowif;bmomjyef- &Jrif;? ausmfrsKd;OD;/ pmjyift,f'Dwm- vSxG#fOD;/ owif;axmufrsm;- oZifaxG;? a0,HjrwfOD;? ausmfoD[? tdjzLvGif? tdjzLrGef?
0wf&nfatmif? odrfUodrfUpdk;? Oumudkudk? atmifol&? aevif;xGef;? AdkvfAdkvf0if;? jynfodrf;? oef;aX;? at;olpH/ aejynfawmfowif;axmuf- xl;oefh/ rEav;owif;axmufrsm;- pdkif;omatmif? rif;'if? nDnDaZmf/
e,fowif;axmufrsm;- rsdK;rif;OD;? apm&efEkdif? qef;nGefh(a&eHacsmif;)? armifuH / pmrsufESmzGJYpnf;rI- cspfAkdvfAkdvf? &Sdef;&Sdef;xdkuf/ uGefysLwmpmpD- pef;pef;? EG,frGefNzdK;? arZifodef;aZmf? bkef;jrifh[ef/ okyfazmf- pkd;aomfwm/
"mwfyHkowif;axmuf- atmifatmif? a*sarmifarmif(tr&yl&)/ jyifyqufoG,fa&;- oufydkifa|;/ vkd*dk'DZdkif;- ausmufqnf/ b@ma&;- uvsmatmif? oJodrfhodrfhNzdK;/ aMumfjimwm0efcH- rdk;yy? vif;vif;OD;/
xkwfa0ol- OD;rsdK;vdIifatmif/ yHkESdyfpuf- ok0Pod*yHkESdyfwdkuf/ zvif- Sunn Colour Separation. apmifa&- 1000/ a&mif;aps;- 450usyf/
7Day News *sme,fwkduf
- vjynfh0ef;yvmZm(10 xyf)? trSwf 37? tvHjybk&m;vrf;? '*kHNrdKYe,f/ zkef;- 721 578? 243 542? 386459? 09 5173255
Fax : 243 542, E-mail : editor@7daynewsjournal.com
jynfwGif;aiGvJEIef;
NrdKYywf&xm;cjrifhvdkufaomfvnf; c&D;onf ravsmh[kqdk

odrfhodrfhpdk;
&efukefNrdKUwGif; ajy;qJGaeaom
NrKd Uywf&xm;vufrw
S cf rsm;10q
txd jrifhwufoGm;aomfvnf;
NrKd Uywf&xm;pD;eif;ol avsmeh nf;
oGm;jcif;r&Sdao;aMumif; jrefrmh
rD;&xm; (&efukef)rS wm0ef&Sdol
wpfOD;uajymonf/
NrdKUywf&xm;rsm;\ &xm;
vufrSwfcrsm;udk tjcm;ta0;
ajy;&xm;rsm;ESifhtwl ,ckv
15 &ufrSp wdk;jrifhcJhonf/
if ; &xm;vuf r S w f c rS m
,cifu wpfa,mufvQif 10
usyrf S ,ck 100 usyx
f d jrifw
h uf
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
usyf 100 jzifh 0,f,laom
vufrSwfudk toGm;? tjyef ESpf
Budrpf ;D eif;Edik af Mumif;vnf; jref
rmhrD;&xm;rS pHkprf;od&onf/
]]&xm;pD;wJholuawmh ykH
rSefygyJ/ tckxdawmh ododom
om avsmo
h mG ;wmrsK;d r&Sad o;yg
bl;}} [k txufygyk*dKvfu ajym
785
785
600
25
116
1030
830
usyf
usyf
usyf
usyf
usyf
usyf
usyf
2011 Edk0ifbm 19 &uf aygufaps;EIef;jzpfonf/

rSwfcsuf/ /ydkYukef&aiGaps;EIef;onf Edk0ifbm 18 &ufaps;jzpfonf/
0efaqmifrIrsm; ajymif;vJjcif;r&Sdonfh
&efukefNrdKUwGif;ajy;qGJaeaom NrdKUywf&xm;twGif;ydkif;
"mwfyHk - a*sarmifarmif(tr&yl&)
onf/
NrdKUywf&xm;pD;eif;onfh
EIef;rSm wpfaeYvQif vufrSwf
apmifa& 100000 ausmfxd&Sd
aeao;aMumif; od&onf/
]]&xm;u vufrw
S cf wuf
ayr,fh usefwmbmrS rajymif;
bl;/ vlawGvnf; usy?f aps;onf
awGa&m ypn;f awGa&m tm;vk;H
twlwlyJ/ bmrS ajymif;vJxm;
wm r&Sdbl;/ ajymif;wmqdkvdkY
vuf r S w f c yJ & S d w ,f / tJ ' D v d k
aps;wuf&if jyKjyifrIawGawmh
vkyfay;oifhw,f}} [k NrdKUywf
&xm;pD;eif; vkyfief;cGif0if
a&mufolwpfOD;u ajymonf/
xdkYaMumifh if;udpESifhywf
ouf rD;&xm;rSwm0ef&Sdol
tm;ar;&mwGif ]]tckavmavm
q,fawmh &xm;tqifjh ri w
hf if
zdkY pDpOfaqmif&GufwmawG r&Sd

ao;ygbl;}}[k qdkonf/
&xm;vufrSwfcrsm; jrifh
wuf&jcif;rSm ,cifu tI;H cHNy;D
ajy;qJGcJhaomfvnf; qDaps;EIef;
rsm; jrifhwufvmcsdef tIH;um
rd & ef aps;wuf v d k u f j cif ; jzpf
aMumif; if;u qufvufajym
onf/
tdEd,acs;aiGjzifY aqmif&Gufaeaom armfawmf,mOf um;opfrsm; 0ifvmaomfvnf;

atmufum;rsm;om ta&mif;t0,fjzpf
wyfqifpufkH vkyfief;rsm; acw&yfem;xm;
jynfodrf;
tdEd,EkdifiHacs;aiGjzifh trSwf
(2)pufrI0efBuD;XmerS vkyfudkif
aeonfh rauG;NrdKU&Sd armfawmf
,mOftpdwt
f ydik ;f rsm; wifoiG ;f
wyfqifxkwfvkyfonfh pufkH
vkyif ef;vnfywfrI acw&yfem;
xm;aMumif; jrefrmEkid if &H dS tdE,
d
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;xHrS owif;&&Sd
onf/
jrefrmEkdifiHrS tdEd,EkdifiH
odkY ay;acs;&ef&Sdonfh aiGaMu;
tcsKUd udq
k idk ;f iHx
h m;onft
h wGuf
tdEd,EkdifiHrS xkwfvkyfa&;t
wGuf wifydkYrIudk acw&yfem;
xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tdEd,EkdifiH
rS wifydkYonfh ukefMurf;ypnf;
rsm;udk ypnf;trsKd;tpm; ta&
twGuftvkduf xkwfay;&
1 a':vm (tar&duef)
1 tufzftD;pD
1 a':vm (pifumyl)
1 bwf (xdkif;)
1 ,Grf (wkwf)
1 ,ldk (Oa&myor*)
1 ,lepf (ydkYukef&aiG)
ojzifh ypnf;0ifa&mufrIay:
rlwnfNyD; xkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;
rsm; vk y f u d k i f & aMumif ; vnf ;
pkHprf;od&onf/
]]avmavmq,fawmh [dk
u ypnf;ydYkwm tcsdefenf;enf;
Mumaew,f}} [k rauG;pufkHrS
wm0ef&o
dS w
l pfO;D u &Si;f jyonf/
rauG;pufkHwGif yxrt
qifhtaejzifh wmwmarmfwmrS
,mOftpdwt
f ydik ;f rsm; wifoiG ;f
armfawmf,mOfwyfqifxkwf
vkyfonfh pufkHudk 2010 'DZif
bmu pwif z G i f h v S p f c J h o nf /
armf a wmf , mOf a cgif ; cef ; ES i f h
atmufcu
H ,
kd x
f nfoaH ygifrsm;
tm; wkd;csJUxkwfvkyfEkdifonfh
pDru
H ed ;f 'kw,
d tqifu
h kd ,ckEpS f
Ek0d ifbmwGif Ny;D pD;rnf[k cefrY eS ;f
aMumif; od&onf/
ZmZmEkd
[Hom0wD ,mOfa&mif;0,fa&;
aps;uG u f w G i f qd y f u rf ; xk w f
um;rsm; 0if v maomf v nf ;
atmufum;rsm;om ta&mif;
t0,ftenf;i,fjzpfvsuf&Sd
aMumif ; tqk dy g ,mOfa&mif;
0,fa&;aps;uGufrS pkHprf;od&Sd&
onf/
]]qdyfurf;xkwfum;awG
awmh 'DrSma&mif;MuwmyJ/ aps;
uawmh um;poGif;wJhtcsdefu
eJYpm&if wpf0ufausmfavmuf
csNyD ; aps;ac:ayr,f h t0,f
enf;w,f}}[k um;yJpG m;udak usmf
jrifhu ajymonf/
um;a[mif;xkw
f jynfy
rS 0ifa&mufvmaom um;rsm;
wGif a&Tig; 2002 armf',f wl;yGKd ihf
zku
d *f sD trsK;d tpm;tm; usyo
f ed ;f
420 0ef;usifcefY? [dkif;vyfqyf

17 armf',ftm; usyo
f ed ;f 450?
[dkif;vyfqmhzf 99 armf',ftm;
usyfodef; 550 cefYESifh aps;ac:
xm;aomf v nf ; 0,f o l e nf ;
aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
atmufum;aps;uGufrSm
ygrpfwpfapmifvQif usyfodef;
100 aygufaps;&SdNyD; (ps)eHygwf
ESifh (n)eHygwfum;rsm;t0,f&Sd
um atmufum;rsm;rSm usyf
od e f ; 100 cef Y um;rsm;t
a&mif;t0,fjzpfaeonf/ cs,&f D
0uf*GefrSm pufrIZkefrS xkwfvkyf
jcif; &yfxm;aomaMumifh jyify
aps;uGuw
f iG f usyo
f ed ;f 110 cefY
&Sd aMumif; od&onf/
]]Zkex
f w
k u
f m;awGuawmh
ta&mif;t0,fr&Sdbl;/ awmf
awmfav;usomG ;w,f}} [k um;
yJGpm;udkatmifu ajymonf/
1 a':vm
0.633 aygif
(NAdwdef)
1 a':vm
0.7394 ,ldk ( Oa&myor*)
1 a':vm
76.88
,ef;
(*syef)
1 a':vm
6.3565 ,Grf
(wkwf)
1 a':vm
51.23
lyD;
(tdEd,)
1 a':vm
1.2984 a':vm (pifumyl)
1 a':vm 1138.50
0rf
(udk&D;,m;)
1 a':vm
3.16
&if;*pf (rav;&Sm;)
1 a':vm
30.99
bwf (xdkif;)
1 a':vm 9085.00
lyD;,m; (tif'dkeD;&Sm;)
1 a':vm 21000.00
a'gif (AD,uferf)
1 a':vm
43.39
yDqdk
(zdvpfydkif)
1 a':vm
0.9983 a':vm (MopaMw;vs)
1 a':vm
1.3208 a':vm (e,l;ZDvef)
1 a':vm
1.0274 a':vm (uae'g)
1 a':vm
30.8641 lb,f (k&Sm;)
1 a':vm
3.673 'g&rf (UAE)
ypnf;
,lepf

a&T
1 atmifp
a&eHpdrf;
pnf
aiG
1 atmifp
aMu;eD
aygif
obm0"mwfaiGU mmbtu
aps;EIef;
(uefa':vm)
1725.100
107.560
32.489
342.050
3.316
2011 Edk0ifbm 19 &uf urmhaygufaps;EIef;jzpfonf/
zm;uefYrS t0,frsm;ojzifh
'DZ,faps;jrifhwuf
jynfodrf;? atmifol&
yGifhvif;&moD0ifvm zm;uefYa'orS 'DZ,f0,f,lrIrsm;vm
ojzifh jynfwGif;&Sd pufoHk;qDaps;EIef;rsm; wjznf;jznf;jrifhwuf
vmaMumif; yk*vdu pufoHk;qD a&mif;csolrsm;xHrS owif;&
&Sdonf/
zm;uefaY 'oonf rd;k &moDwiG f ausmufprd ;f ESiahf &Tw;l azmfrI
rsm; &yfem;xm;NyD; yGifhvif;&moDwGif vkyfief;rsm;jyefvnfpwif
avh&Sdonf/ ,if;aMumifh pufBuD;rsm;armif;ESif&eftwGuf puf
oHk;qDvdktyfrIonf wpfaeY xuf wpfaeYrsm;vmjcif;jzpfonf[k
pm(34)odkY
od&onf/
34
Business
a&Taps;jrifhvm jyefa&mif;onfh aps;uGufaumif;vm

odrfhodrfhpdk;
jynfwGif;a&Taps;EIef; tjrifhydkif;
wGif&Sdae jyefoGif;onfh aps;
uGut
f m;aumif;aeaMumif; t
ydkif;aps;uGufwGif ta&mif;t
0,fvkyfaeaom a&Tvkyfief;&Sif
rsm;uajymonf/
urmah &Taps;EIe;f onf ,ck
vqef;ydkif;rSp wpfatmifp
vQif 1770 a':vm0ef;usijf zifh
tjrifhydkif;wGif&SdaecJhonf/
xdkYjyif ,ckwpfywfwGif;
tar&duefaiGvv
J ,
S Ef eI ;f wuf
vmcJh jynfwGif;a&Taps;EIef;rSm
qufvufjrifhwufcJhonf/
jynfwGif;a&Taps;onf NyD;
cJo
h nfw
h pfywftwGi;f tacguf
a&Twpfusyfom;vQif 730000
usyfatmufwGif&SdaecJh a':
vmaps;jrifhwufrIaMumifh 735
000 usyf x d jrif h w uf v mcJ h
onf/
tar&duefaiGaps;EIe;f onf
,ck v qef ; yd k i f ; rS p wpf , l
epfvQif 770usy0f ef;usi&f adS ecJh
&m ,ck E d k 0 if b m 16&uf w G i f
784 usyfxd jrifhwufvmcJh
onf/
]]a&Taps;u tjrifhydkif;jzpf
aeawmh tyd k i f ; buf r S m wpf

usyfom;udk usyf 700000 pGef;
pGef;eJYvkyfxm;wJholawGu jyef
xkwfvmMuw,f/ jyefa&mif;
tm;aumif ; wJ h aps;uG u f j zpf
vmw,f}}[k a&Tqikd v
f yk if ef;&Sif
wpfOD;u ajymonf/
a&Taps;rSm vwfwavmjyef
rusEidk af o;aMumif; a&Tvyk if ef;
&S i f r sm;u cef Y r S e f ; ajymMum;
onf/ xdkYtwl vuf&Sdaps;EIef;
xufvnf; rsm;pGmjrifhwufrI
r&SdEdkifaMumif; a&Tvkyfief;&Sif
rsm;u okH;oyfonf/
zm;uefhrS t0,frsm;ojzifh 'DZ,faps;jrifhwuf rS

xdkYtjyif Oa&my vuf&Sd
&moDonf aqmif;0ifvmonfh
twGuf 'DZ,fupkd wifpak qmif;
Muojzif h 'D Z ,f a ps;wuf v m
jcif;jzpfonf/ 'DZ,fudk rD;xdk;qD
tjzpf t oH k ; jyK&ef 0,f , l M u
aMumif; yk*vdupufoHk;qDvkyf
ief;&SifwpfOD;u qdkonf/
]]a&S U quf N yD ; aps;ut
wufyJ&Sdawmhw,f}}[k txuf
ygyk*dKvfu qdkonf/
jynf w G i f ; aps;uG u f w G i f
'DZ,fwpfyDygvQif usyf 7000
0ef;usif? atmufwdef;wpfyDyg
udkusyf10000cefYrlvaps;xuf
wuf v monf / vuf & S d ' D Z ,f

aps;rSm wpfyDygudk 172000
usyf0ef;usif? atmufwdef;rSm
wpfyDyg 192000usyf0ef;usif
aps;&S d o nf / qk d i f a ps;rS m
atmufwdef;wpf*gvef 3700
usyf e D ; yg; 'D Z ,f w pf * gvef
3500 usy0f ef;usiaf ps;&So
d nf/
xdkif;jrefrme,fpyfwmcsD
vdwfwGif 'DZ,fwpfvDwmvQif
,ck & uf y d k i f ; 30 'r 5
bwf & S d o nf / ,cif v u wm
csv
D w
d w
f iG f 'DZ,fwpfvw
D m 26
'or 8 bwfom&Sdojzifh wpf
vDwmvQif 4 'r 5 bwfcefY
aps;usvmonf/
35
Knowledge
7DAY
BOOK
R E V I E W
ESpfaygif;ESpfq,fausmft
wGif; r*Zif;rsm;wGifa&;cJhaom
0wKwkdrsm;teuf pdwfBudKuf
vufa&G;pif 16 yk'ftm; pkpnf;
xkwfa0onfhpmtkyfjzpfonf/
rEav;ZmwdzGm; pma&;
q&m? 0wKwkdq&mql;iSuf\
,ck 0 w K wk d r sm;wG i f rE a v;
tnm&eHYESihf jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI
tac:ta0:rsm;?acwfa[mif;
jrefrmoDcsi;f rsm; vTr;f NcHKxm;NyD;
tcsKdUaom0wKwkdrsm;rSm ukd,f
awGUjzpf&yfudktajccH 0wK
toGm;jzihf a&;om;xm;&m wpf
rsKd;qef;opfpGmzwfI&rnfjzpf
onf/ ]uRefawmfhcspfol pufbD;
rpD;wwfyg}0wKwiG f rEav;ESifh
pufb;D wpfom;wnf;&Scd yhJ ?kH wpf
acwfwpfcgu rEav;olrsm;
pufbD;pD;jcif;"avhESihf pufbD;
rpD;wwfaomcspo
f rl ed ;f uav;
Ekd 0if bm 23 &uf rS 29 &uf txd
ARIES
b0&nfreS ;f csuf atmifjrifrnf/ tvd&k &dS m jynfph rHk nf/ tcuftcJrsm; ausmv
f mT ;Edik rf nf/ ynmtwwf
twGuf aqmif&Gufaeaomolrsm;? vkyfief;wpfzuf? ynmwpfzufwJGzufvkyfudkifaeaom olrsm;?
xl;xl;jcm;jcm;atmifjrifrnf/ ynmudk taMumif;jyK jynfywkdif;wpfyg;odkY oGm;a&muf&jcif;&Sdrnf/
ysuf,Gif;aeaom pufypnf;rsm;jyKjyif a&mif;csjcif;rsm; jyKEkdifrnf/
Taurus
Nyd&moDzGm; ({NyD21-ar21)
rawmfwq xd&SrIrsm; jzpfwwfonf/ ,mOftE&m,fowd&Sdyg/ ypnf;taysmuft&Srsm;wwfonf/

aomhacsmif;? aomhcavmuf topfrsm; t0ifrawmf/ olwpfyg;aMumifhpdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpf&
rnf/ tdrw
f iG f touft&G,Bf u;D &ifah om olrsm;wGif qD;? rsupf 'd u
k ay;wwfonf/ vkyif ef;cGit
f wGi;f
paeaeY? Ak'[l;aeYarG;aomolrsm;ESifh wJGzufvkyfudkifaom vkyfief;rsm;tm; owd&Sdyg/
Gemini
arxkef&moDzGm; (ar 22-ZGef 21)
vlvGwfrsm;tzdkY r*Fvmudprsm; BuHKawGU&rnf/ tjcm;toufa&mufolrsm;tzdkY 528 arwm&ma&;

wGiyf
kd tqifajyrnf/ rdom;pkyikd w
f pfppD jyefu
Y saJ eaom ypn;f rsm; jyefvnfppk nf;Ekid rf nf/ vkyif ef;
cGirf o
S rl sm;tzdYk txuftBu;D tuJrsm;\ ESpo
f ufrcI &H rnf/ t&yfa0;? Ekid if jH cm;ESiyhf wfoufqufE,
T f
aom udprSeforQaumif;aom tusKd;quf&rnf/ t*Fgypnf;rsm;rS tusKd;tjrwf&rnf/
ql;iSuf
Cancer
(vufa&G;pif0wKwdkrsm;)
Mum;tjcm;vl p um;jzif h em;
vnfrIvGJum ESpftwefMumrS
jzpf&yfrSefodNyD; ESajrmwojzpf
&yHkudk [moav;aESmum a&;
om;xm;NyD ; tqH k ; wG i f vuf
awG U &if q k d i f a e&aom td r f
axmifonfb0tvGrf;tarm
tm; pufbD;wpfpD;0,f,l&ef
pkxm;onfhaiG vHk;yg;yg;cJhjcif;
jzihw
f x
Ydk ad &;om;xm;onf/ ]wdrf
0ifn} 0wKwkdrSmuG,fvGefol
pma&;q&mrrkd;rdk;(tif;vsm;)
trSww
f &0wKww
dk pfy'k jf zpfNy;D
]avmueE m urf ; yg;u avS
uav;}wGif EdkifiHwum "mwfykH
NyKd iyf 0GJ ifrnhf jrefrm"mwfyq
kH &m
wpfpk yk*Hc&D;oGm; tvS "mwf
yH k r sm; d k u f & m avmueE m
bk&m;atmuf oJaomifjyifwpf
avQmuftpyf &yfem;xm;onf h
avSuav;udkIaxmifh trsKd;
rsKd;rS dkufMuyHk? xkdokdY "mwfyHkdkuf
NyD ; toD ; oD ; jyef M u&mrS usef
&pfolwpfOD;u yg&Sdaom aiGt
a<uudk avS&Siftm; urf;ay;&m
avS&SifrSmrxifrSwfbJ rowD
p&m temBuD;a&m*gonftjzpf
rd&moDzGm; (rwf21-{NyD20)
jrifawGU&yHk? ,if;avSuav;
"mwfyq
kH &k oGm;onft
h cg xkjd zpf
&yftm; jyefjrifa,mifrdjcif;udk
a&;zGJUxm;onf/ ]wpfv..v
jynfhjyefygvQif} onfudk ,fawGU
jzpf&yfudk tajcjyK cspfuHac
ojzihf BuKH csiyf gvsuf vGcJ &hJ aom
&ifckefzG,f Zmwfvrf;udk pmzwf
oltm; ndKU csufjyif;jyif;jzihfa&;
zGUJ xm;onf/ xk0d wKwiG f t"du
Zmwfaumiftjzpf trsKd;orD;?
trsKd ; om; azmf u sL;rxm;bJ
rEav;NrdKUr taysmfwrf;wl&d
,mtoif;BuD; ESihf ]pmqkdcHv
vH;k }qko
d nfo
h cD si;f jzihf Zmwftrd f
wnfa&;xm;&m 0wKa&;ol\
twwfynmudk owdjyKEkdifrnf
jzpfonf/
]rwkdifrD}0wKonf 1991
ck E S p f u a&;om;cJ h N yD ; ta0;
a&muf zcifwpfOD;u om;i,f
wpfO;D qD ay;pmoabmjzihf a&;
xm;aom0wKjzpfonf/ rdom;
pkEiS rfh nforYdk QawGUcGirhf &bJwoD;
wjcm;wpfae&m a&mufaeol
wpfO;D pdww
f v
Ykd iG yfh g;um twdwf
tm; jyefvnfarQmfawG;aeyHkukd
txD;usefjcif;ay:vGifatmif
a&;zGJUxm;onf/ xkdYtwl 1994
ckESpfu &ifckefyGifhr*Zif; wGif
azmf j ycJ h a om ]yG i h f O D ; a<uvk }
0wKav;onf e,frS NrdKUBuD;qD
a&muf b0wpfcw
k nfaxmif
&efBudK;pm;aeaom ZeD;armifESH
ESpfOD; om;av;wpfOD;&&SdNyD; pD;
yGm;a&;tcuftcJaMumifh tul
tnD&vdkjim; Zmwd&Gmav;odkY
tjyef &GmrSvlrsm;pdwf"mwfrsm;
ajymif;vJaejcif;ESihf aiGaMu;
om y"me[laom todEHkcsmrI
awGMum;xJ MumMumraeEkdif
NrKd Uodt
Yk jyefc&D; c&D;p&dwaf v;
om usef a epOf py,f , mu
uav;twGuf um;cawmif;
onfhtcg ig;ESpfrjynfhao;[k
ajymaomfvnf; Pf&nfxl;
cRef o nf h om;i,f u pmawG
a'gif;a'gif;ajy;&Gwfjyvkduf&m
tusyfdkufNyD; uav;i,ftm;
k d u f r d y H k u d k zwf I & rnf j zpf y g
onf/
vif ; vG e f ; cif pmayu
wefzdk; 2000 usyfjzihf jzefYcsd
onf/
u&u#f&moDzGm; (ZGef 22-Zlvkdif 22)
rxifrw
S b
f J aiG0ifrnf/ pdwcf sr;f ajrph &mrsm; &Srd nf/ tvkyu
f pd ? pD;yGm;a&;udpr sm;wGif wk;d wufrnf/
aumif;aom *kPo
f wif;ESihf ausmMf um;jcif;&Srd nf/ tk;d tdrw
f nfaqmufjcif;? jyKjyifjcif;rsm; ae&mxkid f
cif;topftwGuf csUJ xGiaf qmif&u
G jf cif;rsm;twGuf txl;aumif;onf/ aiGtvk;H t&if;ESihf 0ifrnf/
ra&mufzl;aom ae&m? t&yfa'orsm;odkY c&D;oGm;&rnf/ tvSLr*Fvmudprsm; aqmif&Guf&rnf/
LEO
od[f&moDzGm; (Zlvkdif23-Mo*kwf23)
aetdrw
f iG &f adS om tk;d uJ?G tkwcf u
J sK;d rsm; pGeyYf pfyg/ aiG0ifp&mrsm; MuefMY umaeuvnf;aumif;? vkyo
f
rQ tvJGvJG tacsmfacsmf jzpfaeyguvnf;aumif; tdrfbk&m;pif&Sd yef;tdk;rsm;tm; topfvJvS,fypf
yg/ bmoma&;ESiyhf wfoufonfh tvSLtwef;rsm; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; BuHKrnf/ vli,frsm;tzdYk tBuD;tuJ
rsm;\ ESpfoufav;pm;rIcH&rnf/ rsufpdESifhywfoufaom a0'emrsm; *kpdkuf&rnf/
Virgo
uef&moDzGm; (Mo*kwf24-pufwifbm22)
aqmif&u
G o
f rQ udpt
m;vk;H onf tem*wftwGuf OD;wnfrnf/ rxifrw
S b
f J aiG0ifrnf/ rdom;pkwiG f
NcH? um;? tcef;ESifhywfouf ajymqdkaqmif&Guftqifajyrnf/ rnfonfhjyemtcuftcJrsKd;ESifh
&ifqkdif&onfjzpfap csufcsif;ajz&Sif;yg/ tvkH;pkHtqifajyrnf/ olwpfyg;tay: tm;udk;,kHMunf
vkyfudkifjcif;xuf t&m&mudkudk,fwkdifvkyfudkiftusKd;ay;rnf/
LIbra
wl&moDzGm; (pufwifbm23-atmufwkdbm23)
t&m&m tqifajyrnf/ tvkyftBuHrsm; atmifjrifrnf/ MuefYMumaeaom& ydkifcGifhrsm; jyefvnf&&Sd

rnf/ vkyfief;cGifrSolrsm; tvkyfae&m tajymif;ta&TU&Sdrnf/ vuf&Sdae&m\ ajrmuft&yfodkYajymif;
a&TU&rnf/ aumif;aomtajymif;tvJjzpfrnf/ jrKyfaeaom aiGrsm;jyefay:rnf/ rdompkydkif aiGaMu;
rsm;jyefvnfpkpnf;rdrnf/ a0;uGmaeaom rdwfa[mif;rsm;ESifh jyefvnfpkpnf;rdrnf/
Scorpio
NAdpm&moDzGm; (atmufwkdbm24-Ekd0ifbm22)
udk,fvkyfaeonfh tvkyfuwpfrsKd; pdwful;a&mufaeonfu wpfae&mjzpfaeojzifh aESmifhaES;NyD;

trSm;t,Gi;f rsm; BuHKwwfonf/ vkyu
f ikd af eonfh tvkyrf sm;udv
k nf; pdww
f idk ;f rus? tm;rvdk tm;r&
jzpf&yfrsm;BuHKrnf/ olwpfyg;\ tEkdifusifhrIrsm;udkvnf; cH&rnf/ rdrdtay: 'kuay;aom olrsm;ESifh
xdyfwkdufBuHK&rnf/ a&T? vuf0wf&wemrsm; xGufudef;&Sdonf/ aiGtavsmftpm;udpIyfaxG;rnf/
Sagittarus "Ek&moDzGm; (Ekd0ifbm23-'DZifbm21)
aiGaMu;udpajymqdkrI atmifjrifrnf/ tNydKiftqkdifMum;rS wufvrf;BuHKrnf/ vlrsKd;jcm;rsm;ESifhywf

ouf tultnDaumif;rsm;&&Sdrnf/ rdwfaqGaumif;awGUrnf/ jrKyfaeaom aiGrsm;jyefay:rnf/
&oifv
h suf MuefMY umaeaom aiGaMu;rsm;vuf0,fjyef&rnf/ &eftaygif;tm; atmifEidk rf nf/ tcsed f
ay;aqmif&Gufxm;onfrsm;rS tusKd;aumif;&&Sdrnf/ c&D;,m,DoGm; tusKd;&Sdrnf/
oGm;yGwfBudK;awG b,ftcsdefuwnf;u &SdcJUwmvJ

e,l;atmfvif;rSomG ;q&m0efwpfO;D jzpfol vufApD yD;,m;ygrfvo
D nf yxrqH;k oGm;yGwBf udK;udjk yK
vkyfcJhNyD; 1815 ckESpfwGif ydk;oGm;yGwfBudK;jzifh oGm;oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfoifhaMumif; tBuHjyKajymMum;cJh
onf/ oGm;tBudKtMum;wGif uyfNiad eonfh pm;<uif;pm;uset
f npftaMu;rsm;udk z,f&mS ;oefpY if
&eftwGuf yvwfpwpf (odkYr[kwf) EdkifvGefeef;BudK;rQifav;rsm;udkoHk;pGJcJhMuonf/
oGm;yGwfBudK;rsm;udk t&omESifhza,mif;ygonfhyHkpHrsdK;jzifhvnf; xkwfvkyfNyD; 1882 ckESpfu
Codman and Shurtleft ukrP
u
D za,mif;rygonfo
h mG ;yGwBf udK;pwifxw
k v
f yk af &mif;cscahJ omf
vnf; oH;k pGo
J el nf;yg;cJo
h nf/ 1898 ckEpS u
f Johnson & Johnson aumfyakd &;&Si;f u oGm;yGwBf udK;
rlyikd cf iG u
hf ykd xrqH;k &&Scd NhJ y;D Red Cross? Salter Sill Co.ESihf Brunswick [lonfh trSww
f q
H yd rf sm;vnf;
ay: xGucf o
hJ nf/ aps;uGut
f wGi;f oGm;yGwBf uKd ;trsKd ;tpm;aygif;rsm;pGm&So
d nft
h euf toH;k jyKrnfh
oGm;ay:rlwnf oifhavsmfonfhBudK;txltyg;udka&G;cs,foHk;pGJ&rnfjzpfonf/ oGm;yGwfwHjzifh
oGm;wdu
k jf cif; tjyif oGm;yGwBf uKd ;oH;k pGaJ y;jcif;jzifo
h mG ;zH;k qdik &f ma&m*grsm;? cHwiG ;f eHeY jH cif;ESihf oGm;yd;k
pm;jcif;udkumuG,fay;Edkifonf[kqdkonf/
Source:Wikipedia
Capricorn rum&&moDzGm; ('DZifbm22-Zefe0g&D20)

tcuftcJrsm; tqifajyrnf/ ta&;BuD;onfh qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; csrw
S Ef idk o
f nf/ tvkyo
f pf? pD;yGm;opf
rsm; vkyu
f idk Ef idk rf nf/ rdrBd udK;pm;rIaMumifh aumif;usKd ;&rnf/ tcuftcJrsm;udk wevFmaeY? paeaeYarG;
aomolrsm;ESihf nEd idI ;f aqG;aEG; tqifajyrnf/ ysK&d ,forl sm;tzdYk tvGepf ef;yGirhf nf/ tdraf xmifa&;
udprsm; jywfom;pGmqkH;jzwfEkdifonf/ tjzLa&mifypnf;vufaqmif&u txl;aumif;onf/
Aquarius
ukrf&moDzGm; (Zefe0g&D21-azazmf0g&D18)
tcuftcJrsm; ajz&Si;f Ekdifrnf/ tvkyfpD;yGm;a&;wufvrf;&Sdrnf/ aiGaMu;udpajymqdkorQ tqifajy

rnf/ vlrsK;d uJt
G usK;d ay;rnf/ ay:aygufvmaom tajctaersm;udk pepfwustok;H csyg/ aumif;usK;d
ay;rnf/ aiGaMu;uH txl;aumif;onf/ ae&mtajymif;ta&TUrsm;&Su
d vufcEH idk o
f nf/ t*FgaeY? aom
MumaeYarG;olrsm;ESifh wJGzufvkyfudkif tqifajyrnf/
Pisces
rdef&moDzGm; (azazmf0g&D19-rwf20)
pD;yGm;udprsm; aqmif&Guftqifajyrnf/ tcuftcJrsm; ajz&Sif;Ekdifrnf/ qkH;jzwfxm;onfhudprsm;rS

aumif;aom tusKd;quf&&Sdrnf/ kwfw&ufay:aygufvmaom tajctaersm;udk tokH;cs wuf
vrf;tqifhqifh&&Sdrnf/ ajyma&; qkda&;atmifjrifrnf/ &eftm;vkH;udk ajz&Sif;Ekdifrnf/ twwfynm
ESifh ywfoufaom uHaumif;onf/ ae&mxkdifcif;udprsm; ajymqdktqifajyrnf/
36
News Analysis
EkdifiHwumzdtm;rsm;Mum;rS tD&efEsLuvD;,m;tpDtpOf
Munfae0if;rif;
EsLuvD;,m;enf;ynmtm;tD&ef
Ekid if u
H &,lyidk cf iG &fh adS Mumif; a<u;
aMumfxm;onfh ydwfpBuD;rsm;
tm; wD[D&eftaqmufttHk
rsm;tay:vTr;f NcKH xm;onf/Ekid if H
awmfrD'D,muvnf; tPkjrL
apmifMh unfah &; tzGUJ tBuD;tuJ
tm; tar&d u ef k y f a o;k y f
[k ajymMum;NyD; EsLuvD;,m;
vufeufxw
k v
f yk &f ef wk;d wufrI
&SdvmNyD[laom ajymqkdrIrsm;udk
tar&duefEkdifiHwGif xkwfvkyf
onfh tvdrt
f nmrsm;[ly,f
cscJhonf/
wD [ D & ef wu o d k v f w G i f
oabmxm; wif ; rmonf h
ausmif;om;tkypf w
k pfpu
k tD&ef
Ek d i f i H t aejzih f EsLuvD ; ,m;
zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrIrsm;udk xdef;csKyf
uGyu
f o
J nfh Ekid if w
H umoabm
wlnDcsufrS EkwfxGufa&;tqkd
wifoGif;rIwpf&yfudk pwifjyif
qifaeonf/
taemufEidk if rH sm;\ zdtm;
ay;rIrsm;tay:wefjyefrt
I rsm;
tjym;udk tD&efEkdifiHu Zmwf
wku
d x
f m;onfqjkd cif;rSm oHo,
&Sdp&mrvkdyg/ odkYaomf tm;vHk;
ud k a wmh Zmwf w k d u f x m;jcif ;
r[kwfyg/
twkduftcHtkyfpkrsm;ESifh
a&S;kd;pGJoabmxm;wif;rmol
rsm;? tkycf sKyaf &;tBuD;tuJrsm;
ESihforwtmruf'DeD*sufwkdYt
Mum; tjiif;yGm;rIESihf ygvDref
*kdPf;*Prsm;\ twGif;wkdufyGJ
rsm; ponfhoabmxm;uGJvGJrI
trsm;tjym;&Sad eonfEh idk if w
H iG f
(EsLuvD;,m;ESifhywfouf)
tD&efEidk if \
H tmcHrrI mS &yfwnf
csufwlnDaomae&mwpfckjzpf
ygonf/
]]'Daemufykdif; tD&efEkdifiH
om;awG [ m taMumif ; t&m
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm oabm
xm;rwdu
k q
f idk Mf uygbl;/ 'gayrJh
vnf; EsLuvD;,m;udpr mS awmh
olwkdY[m wpfavoHwnf;ajym
vmw,fvdkY qkdEkdifygw,f}}[k
tD & ef a &;&mrsm;ud k awmuf
avQmuf avhvmcJhol rifeDqkd
wmwuodkvfrS ygarmu 0DvD
,rf?tkd?bD;rif;uajymygonf/
xkt
Yd wGuftD&eftyk cf sKyaf &;pepf
wGif toufLS acsmifaeaMumif;
if;uqkdonf/
]]'g[m BuD;rm;wJhtm;om
csufygyJ/ olwkdY[m tar&duef
eJYtjcm;olawGeJY wkdufyGJ0ifae
wmudktmHpk u
kd Ef idk w
f ,f/tenf;
qHk; 'DudprSm jynfwGif;wif;rm
rIawGudk ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;p&m
rvkdbl;}}[k tD&efuRrf;usifol
u qufajymonf/
taemufEidk if H acgif;aqmif
rsm;ESihf if;wkdY\r[mrdwfrsm;
twGurf l tD&efEidk if EH iS &fh ifqidk rf I
rSm &Si;f onf/ EsLuvD;,m;vuf
eufqo
D YkrouF
d
mzG,&f majcvSr;f
rsm;udk&yfwefYa&; aqG;aEG;nd
EdIif;r&Ekdifaom wGef;tm;ay;
rIjzpfonf/ tD&efEidk if t
H wGurf l
EsLuvD;,m;udpr mS pGr;f tm;Bu;D
rm;aomtaMumif; t&mrsm;ESifh
a&m,Suaf eonf/trsK;d om;a&;
Zmwdykn*kPfrmeESihf odyHzGHUNzdK;
wk d ; wuf r I w G i f tp v mrf r pf
acgif;aqmifjzpfa&; ponfwkdY
twGuf taemufEkdifiHrsm;\
zdtm;ay;rIrsm;udk tavQmhay;
&ef ae&mr&S d o avmuf j zpf
aeonf/
]]oabmxm;uGJvGJrIBuD;
BuD;rm;rm;&Sdaew,f}}[k 'lbkdif;
tajcpk d u f ppf b uf t if p wD
usL'frS vHkNcHKa&;uRrf;usifol
oD,dk'kdum&mqpfuajymonf/
]]taemuf u jzpf E k d i f a jcNcd r f ;
ajcmufrIvdkYjrifaewmudk tD&ef
u ol&Y UJ tcGit
fh a&;(&ykid cf iG )fh vdYk
jrifw,f}}[k if;uqkdygonf/
Ekid if w
H umtPkjrLpGr;f tif
at*sifpD\ tpD&ifcHpmxGuf
ay:vmcsdefwGif tD&efEkdifiH\
wHjYk yefrrI mS aemufwpfqih*f ,
D m
jrihfvmonf/ tkdifattD;at
\ tpD&ifcHpmuvnf; tD&ef
onf vuf e uf E S i h f y wf o uf
onfh prf;oyfrIrsm;jyKvkyfcJhNyD;
EsLuvD;,m;xdyfzl;wpfckxkwf
vkyf&efeD;pyfaeNyD[kqkdxm;&m
Oa&myA[dkbPf tcef;u@ESifUywfouf jyifopfESifU *smreDtjiif;yGm;

yg&Dâ&mr? Ekd0ifbm - 17
,lkdaiGaMu;oHk;pGJaom ,lkdZkef\ a<u;NrD
tusyftwnf; ydkrdkqkd;&Gm;vmpOfrSmyif
tusyt
f wnf;&yfwefo
Y mG ;ap&ef Oa&my
A[dkbPf(ECB)u tifwkduftm;wkduf
Mum;0ifukdifwG,foifhovm;qkdonfESihf
ywfouf jyifopfESifh *smreDESpfEkdifiH
Mum; tjiif;yGm;rIjzpfay:cJhaMumif; od&
onf/
aiGacs;iSm;p&dwfukefusrI jrifhwuf
vmjcif;ESihf &ifqkdifae&Ny;D aiGaMu;pdwcf s
&rItaumif;qHk;owfrSwfcsuf]AAA}rSm
vnf; Ncdrf;ajcmufrIcHae&onfh jyifopf
EkdifiHu Oa&myA[dkbPf\ ckdifckdifrmrm
uk d i f w G , f a &;twG u f wk d u f w G e f ; ajym
Mum;onf/
aiGwu
dk pf mcsKyaf ps;uGuf rwnfNird rf I
rSmvnf;Oa&mywpf0ef;ysUH ESv
YH mNy;D tDwvD
EkdifiH\ 10 ESpfoufwrf; aiGwkdufpmcsKyf
twG u f twk d ; EI e f ; rS m 7 &mck d i f E I e f ; od k Y
a&muf&Sdvmonf/ ,if;rSm a&&SnfwGif
tDwvDEkdifiHu ryHhykd;EkdifonfhEIef;xm;
jzpfonf/
,lkdZkef\ t"du pD;yGm;a&;EkdifiH
rsm;jzpfonfh *smreD? jyifopf? e,fomvef
ESihf MopBwD;,m;EkdifiHrsm;\ aiGwkdufpm
csKyt
f wk;d EIe;f rsm;vnf; jrihw
f ufvmonf/
Oa&myA[dkbPf\ tcef;u@rSm
,lkdaiGaMu;wnfNidrfa&;twGufomr
ubJ Oa&myb@ma&;wnfNidrfa&;t
wGufyg yg0ifaMumif; Oa&mywGif b@m
a&;wnfNidrfrI&Sda&;twGuf A[dkbPfu
vkdtyfovdkukdifwG,faqmif&Guf&rnf
jzpfaMumif; jyifopftpdk;&ajyma&;qkdcGihf
&Sdol [Dvm&DyDu&ufpDu yg&DNrdKU 0efBuD;
tzGJUtpnf;ta0;wGifajymMum;onf/
*smreft"dywd tef*svmrmu,fvf
url Oa&myb@ma&;tusyftwnf;
tm;ajz&Si;f &mwGif Oa&myA[db
k Pftae
jzih f yd k r d k ta&;ygaomtcef ; urS
yg0ifa&;udk *smreDEkdifiHu qefYusifrnf
jzpfaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGmajymMum;xm;
NyD;jzpfonf/ A[dkbPfu ,if;odkYvkyf
aqmifjcif;tay: Oa&myor*\ pnf;
rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;u wm;jrpfxm;aMumif;
rprmu,fvfu ajymonf/
Ref: Reuters
tpdk;&kyfoHESihf tjcm;owif;
xkwfjyefa&;tzGJUrsm;u tpD&if
cHpmrSm tar&duefESihf tpa&;
zdtm;rsm;\ toHk;cscHypnf;
tjzpf IwfcsMuonf/ EkdifiHt
v,fykdif; tpfzm[efNrdKUwGif
wu o d k v f a usmif ; om; ES p f
axmifausmfu ,la&eD,Hxkwf
vkyfonfhpufHktm; vufcsif;
csw
d yf wfvnf0idk ;f ]tar&duef
usHI;ygap}[laoma<u;aMumf
oHrsm;atmf[pfcJhMuonf/
uefYuGufqEjyolrsm;u
tD&efEsLuvD;,m;pufHkrsm;odkY
tkdifattD;atppfaq;a&;rSL;
rsm; vma&mufppfaq;jcif;udk
tD&eftpkd;&u ydwfyif&ef wkduf
wGef;NyD; EkdifiH\ EsLuvD;,m;
tcGihfta&;twGuf paw;cH&ef
toifh&SdaMumif;ajymMum;Mu
onf[k EkdifiHykdifowif;rD'D,m
rsm;u owif;ay;ydkYMuonf/
2009 ck E S p f or w a&G ;
aumufyGJwGif orwtmruf
'De*D suf jyefvnfa&G;cs,cf &H csed f
wGif wuf<uvIyf&Sm;cJhMuonfh
tD&eftwkduftcHtkyfpkrsm;u
vnf; ,ck EsLuvD;,m;&ifqkdif
rI w G i f trsm;tm;jzih f toH
wdwfaeMu&m vuf&SdtkyfcsKyf
a&;pepfukd xl;xl;jcm;jcm; acgif;
nd w f a xmuf c H a ejcif ; [l
t"dym,fzGihfqkdMuonf/ tD&ef
EsLuvD ; ,m;ud p t ay: qef Y
usiaf jymqkrd rI sm;udkjynfya&muf
tkyfpkrsm;xHrSom Mum;Mu&
onf/
]]aemufxyf vkdufavsmrI
awG xyfvyk af y;p&mtaMumif;
r&Sdawmhbl;vkdYxifw,f}}[k *sm
reftywfpOfowif;pm pykdif;
*JvEf iS jfh yKvyk cf o

hJ nfh tifwmAsL;
wGif tD&efEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
tvDtubmqvm[Duajym
Mum;cJhonf/ ]]EsLuvD;,m;udp
qk d w m uRef a wmf w k d Y u d k enf ;
trsKd;rsKd;eJY tm;enf;atmifvkyf
zkYd taMumif;jycsuw
f pfcyk gyJ}}[k
rpwmqmvm[Duqkdygonf/
taemuftiftm;BuD;Ekdif
iH r sm;ES i h f r[mrd w f r sm;onf
tD&efEkdifiH\ wkd;wufrIrsm;udk
aMumuf&GHUaeMuaMumif; tD&ef
t&m&S d r sm;uajymMum;Mu
onf/ tD&ef\ wkd;wufrIrsm;
wGif urmhavxktjyifbufodkY
N*dK[fwkrsm;vTwfwifa&; tm
umotpDtpOfESifh tpa&;ESihf
yifv,fauGU&Sd tar&duef\
tm&yfrdwfaqGEkdifiHrsm;qDodkY
a&muf&SdEkdifonfh 'Hk;usnfrsm;
xkwv
f yk af &;uJo
h Ydk umuG,af &;
enf;ynmrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/
a'goaygufurJG rI sm;tjyif
tkdifattD;at\ tpD&ifcHpm
onf if;tm; umvMum&Snf
axmufccH o
hJ nfh k&mS ;ESiw
fh kwf
Ekid if w
H t
Ydk m; vIycf wfomG ;aprnf
udkvnf; tD&efu pkd;&drfruif;
jzpfaeygonf/ ,if;Ekid if BH uD;ESpf
EkdifiHrSm if;wkdYEkdifiHtay: ydkrkd
jyif;xefaom ydwfqkdYwm;qD;rI
rsm;csrSwfa&;udk wm;qD;&ef vHk
NcHKa&;aumifpDwGif ADwkdtmPm
&&Sdxm;onfhEkdifiHrsm;jzpfonf/
wkwfEkdifiHu tD&efEkdifiH
tay: 0uftlwif;&ef t&dyft
a,mifrsm; jyocJhaomfvnf;
k&Sm;EkdifiHurl tD&eftm; tckdif
trmaxmuf c H a eqJ j zpf y H k &
onf/ tkid af ttD;at\ tpD&if
cHpmwGif ]topftqef;bmrS
ryg}[k k&Sm;EkdifiH0efBuD; qm*sD
vufAfa&mhu ajymMum;onf
[kqkdonf/
Ek d i f i H w umtPk j rLpG r f ;
tifat*sifpD\ tpD&ifcHpmudk
a0zefolrsm;uvnf; k&Sm;odyH
ynm&Sif AufcspD vuf'geDvifukd
\udpu
akd xmufjyMuonf/ Ekid f
iHjcm;uRrf;usifol[k tkdifat
tD;at\ tpD&ifcpH mukad zmfjycJh
ol rpwm'geDvifudku if;rSm
EsLuvD;,m;odyHynm&Sif wpf
OD;r[kwfovkd tD&efEsLuvD;
,m;tpDtpOfukdpwifxal xmif
ay;cJholvnf; r[kwfaMumif;
ajymqkdcJhonf/
EkdifiHwumzdtm;rsm;Mum;
rS tD&ef\ EsLuvD;,m;tpDt
pOf rnfodkYqufvufpcef;oGm;
rnfqkdonfrSm ydwfum;xufrS
Zmwfvrf;wpfckyrm/ /
Ref: Iran's Stance on
nuclear technology tied to
national pride By : AP
37
38
Commodity Watch
tDvufx&Gefepfypnf;aps;EIef;rsm;
Computer
CPU
Kyats
Intel P4 Dual Core 3.2 (E 6700) (775) Processor
60,225
trsKd;tpm;
Intel P4 DualCore 3.0 (E5700) (775) Processor
53,625
SamSung(LCD)
Intel P4 Core i3 3.1 GHz (1155,2100) Processor
95,700
Intel P4 Core i5 3.1 GHz (1155,2400) Processor
152,625
Intel P4 Core i7 3.4 Ghz (1155,2600) Processor
240,075
Motherboard
MSI G4 1M-P28 (775)
50,325
MSI PH51A-P35 (B3)
84,150
ASUS P5G41T-MLX (775)
51,150
ASUS P8H61-MLX Plus (1155)
71,775
ASUS P8H67MLE (1155)
94,050
Gigabyte P67A-UD3 (B3) (1155)
Gigabyte G41MT-S2 (775)
51,150
Gigabyte H55M- S2V (1156)
82,500
PC Memory
1 GB DDR (400) Kingston
39,600
1 GB DDR2 (800) Kingston
14,850
22,275
22,275
Harddisk
500 GB Seagate SATA
39,600
1.5 TB Seagate SATA
66,000
2 TB Seagate SATA
80,850
PCI Express Card
MSI EAH 5450 1GB DDR3 PCI Express Card
43,725
MSI N430GT 1GB PCI Express Card
68,475
MSI N430GT 2GB PCI Express Card
72,600
ASUS ENGTX520 1GB PCI Express Card
54,450
ASUS ENGT 430 1GB DDR3 PCI Express Card
67,650
ASUS EHA 5750 Formula 1GB DDR5 PCI Express Card
Gigabyte Geforce 210 TC 1GI 1GB PCI Express Card
41,250
Gigabyte Geforce 220TC 1GB PCI Express Card
57,750
Memory Stick
Memory Stick Apacer 4 GB
7,500
Memory Stick Sony 8 GB
13,000
Memory Stick Sony 16 GB
23,500
Memory Stick Verbatim 16 GB
16,000
UPS
Power Tree (650 VA) UPS
36,000
Power Tree (1250 VA) UPS
61,000
Power Pro (650 VA) UPS
33,000
Power Pro (1200 VA) UPS
62,000
Star (650 VA) UPS LED
30,525
Star (650 VA) UPS LCD Display
32,174
East (650 VA) UPS LED
34,650
East (650 VA) UPS LCD Display
42,900
East (1200 VA) UPS
63,525
DVD Writer
HP DVD Writer (SATA)
22,500
ASUS DVD Writer (SATA)
23,925
Liteon DVD Writer (SATA)
25,575
tdwfaqmifwdyd#utbd"mef
armf',f
aps;EIef;(usyf)
22-350
195,000
LG(LCD)
22LH15R
195,000
Sony (LCD)
22BH300
250,000
Toshiba
LZE 21-28
120,000
Daewoo
DTU2131NZF
145,000
DTU2132NZF
145,000
DVD
EVD (coeco)
8082
26,000
EVD(sukura)
DVK75
30,000
LG
DV276
35,000
Toshiba
DV380
30,000
Daewoo
1400S
49,000
HDMI999
59,000
HQ
144,375
a&cJaowm
Samsung
RA20F17
185,000
SR811
499,000
19AGV7
280,000
NR.BT222
285,000
Sanyo
Hitachi
Panasonic
160,000
Ek0d ifbm(18)&ufu aumuf,x

l m;aomaps;EIe;f jzpfonf/
Note Book
Acer
Intel Core i7 2.70Ghz 4GB DDR3, 750GB HDD,14.0"
966,000
Intel Atom 1.66 Ghz 1GB DDR3, 320GB HDD,10.1"
229,425
Asus
Intel Atom 1.66 Ghz 1GB DDR2, 160GB HDD,10.2"
225,000
Apple
Intel Core i5 2.3 Ghz 4GB DDR3, 320GB HDD,13.3"
1,086,000
Hp
Intel Core i3 2.10 Ghz 4GB DDR3,500GB HDD,15.6"
515,000
Sony
Intel Core i5 2.30 Ghz 4GB DDR3,500GB HDD,14.0"
1,038,000
MSI
Intel Core i3 2.4 Ghz 2GB DDR3, 500GB HDD,14.0"
478,000
Washing

Daewoo
DW900C
179,000
DW172C
199,000
DWF200KR
320,000
Daewoo
rSwfcsuf- txufygaps;EIe;f rsm;rSm Ed0k ifbm(18) &ufwiG f r[mAEKvyef;NcH

vrf;&Sd Capital ESihf OK jrefrmqdik w
f rYkd aS umuf,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
tdrfaqmufypnf;aps;EIef;rsm;

117,975
pm;aomufukefaps;EIef;rsm;
TV
Technoland qki
d rf S
trsKd;trnf
a&wGufykH aps;EIef;
bdvyfajr (,dk;',m; qifwHqdyf)

bdvyfajr (,dk;',m; INSee)
bdvyfajr (jrif;acgif;wHqdyf)
bdvyfajr (ausmufql;wHqdyf)
tkwf (ukef;tkwf-yxrwef;pm;)
tkwf (ukef;tkwf-'kwd,wef;pm;)
tkwf (8 ayguftkwf)
tkwf (10 ayguftkwf)
oJ (tMurf;)
oJ (tEk)
ausmuf
umvmpwD;trkd;jym; 4 angle(0.3mm)
umvmpwD;trdk;jym; 4 angle(0.312mm)
umvmpwD;trkd;jym; 4 angle(0.346mm)
Posco Mu,fpdrf;(6/7/8 ay)
Posco Mu,fpdrf;(9/10 ay)
Posco Mu,fpdrf;(11/12 ay)
dk;dk;oGyfrdk;jym;(qifeD 6/7/8/9/10/11/12)
dk;dk;oGyfrdk;jym;(qif 6/7/8)
xkH;(8 ydmtdwf)
wpftdwf
wpftdwf
wpftdwf
wpftdwf
wpfvkH;
wpfvkH;
wpfvkH;
wpfvkH;
wpfusif;
wpfusif;
wpfusif;
1 ay
1 ay
1 ay
1 ay
1 ay
1 ayEIef;
1 ayEIef;
1 ayEIef;
1 ay
1 ayEIef;
wpftdwf
4700
4700
4000
4500
98
85
98
135
6500
5000
40000
700
800
950
1000
1160
500
505
510
535
310
1000
txufygaps;EIe;f rsm;rSm Ek0d ifbm (19) &ufwiG f aumuf,x

l m;aomaps;EIe;f rsm;jzpfNyD;
ajymif;vJrItenf;i,f&SdEdkifonf/
trsKd;tpm;
a&wGufykH
aps;EIef;(usyf)
qef(ay:qef;arT;)
qef(awmifysH)
qef(ZD,m)
qD(yJqD&S,f)
qD(pm;tkef;qD)
qD(&efukefyJqD)
qm;(tkdiftdk'if;)
MuufoGefeD
MuufoGefjzL
oMum;
refusnf;rSnfh(taphvGwf)
tmvl;
EdkYqD
EdkYpdrf;
MuufO^bJO
ukvm;yJjcrf;
Muufom;(arG;jrLa&;)
Muufom;(Arm)
0ufom;
trJom;
wpfjynf
wpfjynf
wpfjynf
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfxkyf
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfbl;
wpfbl;
wpfvkH;
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfydm
wpfydm
1000-1800
1000-1400
600-1000
3300
1750
4000
100
900
2800
1400-1500
3500
900-1000
550-650
570-600
90-110
1400
5000
6000
5000
5000
ig;? ykpGef aps;EIef;rsm;

trsKd;trnf
ig;&HU
ig;cl
ig;usnf;
ig;ajyr
ig;yaemf
ig;&SOhf
ig;jrpfcsif;
ig;Muif;
ig;acgif;yG
ig;oavmuf
ig;wef
ig;z,f
uuwpf
uoabmif;
ig;bwf? ig;aMumif;
ig;ykPm;
ykpGefaMumh
ykpGefabmhcsdwf
ykpGef(qwfao;)
ykpGef(qwfBuD;)
ykpGefajymifwkyfBuD;
ig;rsKd;pkH
wDvm;AD;,m;
trnf
ta&twGuf
c&rf;csOo
f ;D (tif;oD;)
yef;a*:zD
a*:zDxkyf
rkefvmOeD
bdkpm;yJoD;
c&rf;oD;
a&TyJoD;
rkefnif;jzLxkyf
ikwfoD;(yDeH)
ikwf&Snf
ikwfyG
1 aowm
1 xkyf
1 xkyf
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 vkH;
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm1
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
aps;EIef;(usyf)
,mOftrsKd;tpm;
armf',f tu&m aps;EIef;(usyfodef;)
12000-13000
500-700
400-500
1000-1200
1000
40-100
2500-3000
1200
2000-2500
4800
3500
plygqvGef;
plZluD; 0uf*Gef R+
[kdif;vyfqyfzf
wdk,kdwmAif (CE96)
86^87
-
99
90
wdk,dkwmqvGef;
88
99
rwfwl;
a&Tig;(2.5g)
yg*sJdk
vô^t
18
68
8u^9u
3u
2002
97
100
165
550
180
68
140
320
68
48
420
4500
Ek0d ifbm (19)&ufu &efuek Nf rKd U&Sd um;yJpG m;wef;rsm;wGijf zpfay:aeaom armfawmf
,mOfac:aps;EIe;f rsm;jzpfygonf/,ck&ufyikd ;f aps;EIe;f rsm; tajymif;tvJ&EdS idk o
f nf/
Nov (12)
Nov (13)
Nov (14)
Nov (15)
Nov (16)
Nov (17)
Nov (18)
"mwfqD
'DZ,f
2500
3400
3700
3800
2500
3400
3700
3800
2500
3400
3700
3800
2500
3400
3700
3800
2500
3400
3700
3800
2500
3400
3700
3800
2500
3400
3700
3800
'DZ,f
Premier 'DZ,f
2000-3200
1800-2000
2000-3200
1500-4000
1000-1700
1700-2300
1000-1600
1800-3200
1000-1800
2200-20000
1400-1900
1500-3000
2000-4000
2000-4500
2000-7500
2000-3800
1400-2000
2800-5000
6500-9000
7000-10000
15000-26000
1000-2500
900-1400
um;rsKd;pHkaps;EIef;rsm;
aps;EIef;rsm;rSm oD&dr*Fvmaps;rS Ekd0ifbm (19)&ufu aumuf,lxm;aom

vufum; aps;EIef;rsm;jzpfonf/
Octane
aps;EIef;(usyf)
Ekd0ifbm(18)&ufu MunhfjrifwdkifA[kdpHjyig;aps;BuD;rS aumuf,lxm;aom

vufum;aps;EIef;rsm;jzpfonf/
pm;zdkaqmifokH;oD;ESHaps;EIef;rsm;

a&wGufykH
yk*vdu
pufokH;qD
qdkifrsm;rS
aps;EIef;rsm;
39
Puzzle&Classified
Free Classified
cktdrf
tqifjh rifch ef;qD;vku

d u
f mESihf ul
&Sit
f rsK;d rsK;d csKyv
f yk jf cif;vkyif ef;/
wku
d -f A, G-5, Pearl Condo, urm
at; bk&m;vrf;ESifh q&mpHvrf;
axmifh/
PH:09-73037776, 09-73204374
oifMum;ay;onf
CompTIA Network+ rS System
rsm;udk tdrft
a&mufoifMum;ay;ygonf/
zke;f -09 73191157
0efaqmifrI
udo
k &l pd;k B.Sc (Chem:), O2-C2& Hardware
H2-N2 .
zke;f -09 5112782

t*Fvyd pf um;ajymoifwef;
Edik if jH cm;oGm;tjrefEiS hfUFL & TUTOR 0ifci
G ?hf tdr0f ikd ;f oD;oef?Y wpf
OD;csi;f (od)Yk 3 OD;0dik ;f oifMum;onf/
zke;f -09 73090972
qufo,
G Ef ikd o
f nf
vli,f Hip Hop, Rap and R & B
tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;vdo
k nf/
zke;f -09 43026829
ydik &f iS u
f ,
kd w
f ikd af &mif;rnf
A[ef;(a&T*w
Hk ikd )f ? ud,
k rf if;ud,
k f
csi;f &dyo
f mvrf;? 2BN ,6100 sqft?
trnfayguf? bd;k bGm;ydik af jr? vrf;
rwef;ESihf udu
k f 100 ausmu
f mG /
zke;f -09 5191380(k;H csed jf yify)
tdrv
f u
kd o
f ifonf
*syefEikd if w
H iG f ynmoifjcif;? oif
wef;wufjcif;? tvkyv
f yk jf cif;ESihf
tajccH*syefpum;ajymtwGuf
zke;f -381375
tusdK;wlyl;aygif;Edkifonf
ausmufwHwm;? vom? yef;yJ
wef;? '*kNH rKd Ue,frsm;wGif pmoif?
pmusu0f ikd ;f ? aeYwufabmf'gt
usdK;wlyl;aygif;zGifhvSpfvdkonf/
zkef;-09 43026829
tdrfta&mufoifMum;onf
10wef;?abm*aA'oD;oef?Y wpf
OD;csi;f ? tdr0f ikd ;f rsm; oifMum;ay;
ygonf/
zkef;-09 5173191
a&mif;rnf
'*k-H 1 teD;? ay(18_55)? e0a';
vrf;? 'k-xyf? jyifqifNyD;? udk,f
ydkifrDwm? a& 24 em&D/
zkef;-09 49244237
a&mif;rnf
Adv
k w
f axmif? 52vrf;(atmuf)?
ay(12cG_J 60)? ajrnD? wdu
k o
f pf/
zkef;-09 5003964
Eagle rS 0efaqmifrI
uGeyf sLwmta&mif;qdik zf iG yhf JG t
xdr;f trSwt
f aejzifh uGeyf sLwm
service jyKvy
k jf cif;tm; 30.11.
2011 txd tcrJh 0efaqmifrI
ay;aeygonf/
zkef;-215926
0efaqmifrI
HYDRA rS uGefysLwmjyem
rsm;udk zkef;qufkHjzifh tdrft
a&muf0efaqmifrIay;ygonf/
zkef;-09 5402529
tcrJ h a Mumf j imu@

oifMum;onf
q&mOD;pdk;cdkif(BE. Mech)? Ideal
Maths (*kPfxl;ocsFm)? bmom
pk?H 9? 10 wef;ESihf ar;cGe;f a[mif;
rsm; oD;oefYvdkufoifay;onf/
zkef;-09 73114943
ydkif&Sifudk,fwdkifa&mif;rnf
Munhjf rifwikd ?f Xmevrf;? ay(25_
50)? wdu
k o
f pf? ajrnD? 'k-xyf? a&
rD;udk,fydkif? a<ujym;cif;/
zkef;-210992? 217030
a&mif;vdkonf
qdkifcef;iSm;rnf
okZw
d mvrf;rBu;D ? ay(25_20)?
xyfc;kd yg? ud,
k yf ikd af &rDwmpk/H wpf
v 130000 usy/f
zke;f - 243420
wkwpf um;ajym
xdkif0rfjyefbGJU& tawGUtBuKH&Sd
q&mrvif;ud,
k w
f ikd f International toHxu
G ef nf;jzifh oifMum;
ay;onf/ tdrt
f a&muf/
zke;f -09 73049543
0efaqmifrI
Honma LB 280 4 Star, Iron 10
KO Myo Naing, Air-con & Ele-
Set, Japan Golf Set, IBM Lap
ctronic Service
top U.S.A
zke;f -200201(wpfqif)h
wd&pmefaq;ukcef;
acG;? aMumif? ta&jym;a&m*gESihf
jyif;xefaom ul;pufa&m*grsm;
twGuf aq;ukouf(25)ESpf&Sd
q&m0efu,
kd w
f ikd f tdrt
f a&muf
ukoay;ygonf/
zke;f -09 73034081
oD;oefo
Y ifonf
10 wef;? bmompkH Guide? wpf
bmomcsi;f ? wpfO;D csi;f oifMum;
ay;onf/ Grade 1 to 10
,kreG af usm?f zke;f -09 5001287
pmayjzefcY sad &;
Te;f pmayrS vkyif ef;cGiq
f ikd &f m t
axmuftuljyKpmtkyrf sm;udk &&Sd
Edik o
f nf/ tdrt
f a&mufpepfjzifh
vnf; rSm,lEikd yf gonf/
zke;f -09 5046769
0efaqmifrI
zke;f -09 8570600ûdak v;Edik f

oifMum;ay;onf
9? 10 ausmif;om;ôlrsm; t
wGuf Special Guide vkyfay;
onf/ Eng, Maths, Chem, Phy
bmomrsm; tcsdef,loifMum;
ay;ygonf/
zkef;-664320
Practical Course
Hardware, OS ydkif;rsm;udk pepf
wusoifMum;ay;onf/ rdrt
d rd f
wGif oifcsifolrsm;twGuf tdrf
vdkufoifMum;ay;ygonf/
zkef;-09 49227365
tdrfta&mufoifonf
oli,fwef;rS 10 wef;xd bm
ompk?H usupf moD;oef?Y txl;0dik ;f ?
wpfOD;csif; oifMum;ay;onf/
zkef;-09 43085507
t*Fvyd pf moifMum;a&;ESihf bm
omjyef0efaqmifr?I q&m OD;ausmf
rif;atmif? q&mra':at;om?
zke;f -09 43120092
oifMum;ay;onf
t*Fvdyfpmtm;enf;olrsm; t
wGufSpeaking, Reading, Vocabulary & Grammar udk tajccH
rSp oifMum;ay;ygonf/
zke;f -09 73057210
tdraf &mif;rnf
urmat;? *rke;f yGit
hf eD;? ay(27_
50)? 2 xyfwu
kd /f
zke;f -660508
0efaqmifrI
Software Installation, System,
Virus clean, Network Installation & Service rsm; wyfqifjyKjyif
ay;ygonf/
zke;f -09 73028190
wkwpf um;ajymoifwef;
YBB rS wkwp
f um;ajymtajccH
oifMum;onf/ pae? we*FaEG?
eHeuf 7 em&DrS 8 cGt
J xd/
zke;f -243420
atmifaumif;quf
Air-con rsKd ;pkH jyKjyifwyfqifay;
onf? tJuGef;a[mif;rsm; aps;
aumif;ay;0,fonf/
zke;f -09 5418144
oifMum;ay;onf
t*FvdyfpmtajccHvdkcsifolrsm;
udk oifMum;rnfo
h \
l t&nft
csi;f vdu
k
f wpfO;D csi;f oifMum;
ay;ygonf/
zke;f -09 5131554
0efaqmifrI
oifwkdY\pm;aomufqdkifrsm;udk
tifwmeufay:wGif webpage
av;rsuEf mS ESiw
hf uG tcrJah Mumf
jimEdik yf gNy/D
zke;f -401261
ydik &f iS u
f ,
kd w
f ikd af &mif;rnf
trSw(f 844^C)? 0.6 {u? uef
Bu;D bk&m;teD;? rk'NHk rKd U? ndE iId ;f aps;
jzif?h yGpJ m;rvkyd g/
zke;f -09 73083447
a&mif;&ef&o
dS nf
pm;aomufqikd v
f yk if ef;ok;H ypn;f
pkaH &mif;&ef&o
dS nf/
zke;f -09 73139529
tifwmeufqikd af &mif;rnf
uGeyf sLwm 13 vk;H ? LCD -10 vk;H ?
Printer -1 vk;H ? ukvm;xki
d ?f ADSL
- 1vdik ;f ? rD;puf 1vk;H ? rD;tm;jri hf
puf -1vk;H (10 KVA)
zke;f -8550794
qufo,
G Ef ikd o
f nf
e,fpmMunfw
h u
kd rf sm;twGufoifh
avsmfaompmtkyfrsm;udk tkyf
400 vQifwpfodef;usyfEIef;jzifh
ydaYk qmifay;aeygonf/
rd;k jrifph may? zke;f -543143
Ak'b
mom,Ofaus;rI
q&m jzpfoifwef; (26 .12.11
rS 30.12.11)txd/
"r'geoifMum;ydcYk say;ygonf/
zke;f - 01-370958? 375759
40
Home
&efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&onf pD;yGm;a&;udkom
tav;ay;onfh tpdk;&jzpfaeaMumif;
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD; a0zef
Oumudkudk? tdjzLvGif
&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBu;D tpk;d &onf
pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m udp&yfrsm;
jzifo
h mvH;k yef;aeonfhtpd;k &wpf
&yfjzpfaeaMumif; &efukefwdkif;
a'oBuD; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;
vS , f w pf O D ; u a0zef o H k ; oyf
onf/
]]&efukeftpdk;&[m pD;yGm;
a&;udkyJvHk;yef;aewJh tpdk;&jzpf
aew,f/ vTwfawmfrSmvnf;
wifoGif;wJh ar;cGef;ESpfck? oHk;ck
avmufom vlrIa&;eJYqdkifwm
awGygw,f}}[k A[ef;NrdKUe,f?
rJqEe,ftrSwf(2)rS wdkif;a'
oBuD;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
a'gufwmndKndKoif;u ,ckv
16 &ufwGif &efukefNrdKU? r*Fvm
awmifeT NYf rKd Ue,f? odrjf zLvrf;&Sd
'Drdku&ufwpfygwD(jrefrm)Hk;
cef; jyKvkyfcJhaom vTwfawmf
tawGUtMuKH rsm; &Si;f vif;yGw
J iG f
ajymMum;cJhonf/
xd k Y a emuf a'guf w mnd K
ndKoif;u &efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBu;D
tpdk;&wGif uwdu0wfapmifh
Munfha&;tzGJUESifh jynfolvlxk
\ wdkifMum;pmrsm; vufcHa&;
aumf r wD xm;&S d o if h a Mumif ;
qufvufoHk;oyfcJhonf/
]]vTwfawmftopfeJY vTwf
awmfu,
kd pf m;vS,af wGuvnf;
topf a wG j zpf a eawmh tm;
vHk;u aeom;rusao;bl;}}[k
'D r d k u &uf w pf y gwD ( jref r m)rS
OuX OD;oka0u ajymonf/
&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD;onf
wpfEkdifiHvkH;\ pkpkaygif; trsKd;
om;xkwfukef(GDP)\ 20 &m
ckid Ef eI ;f ausmu
f kd &SmazGay;&aom
wdkif;wpfckjzpfonfhtwGuf pD;
yGm;a&;onf ta&;BuD;aomf
vnf; vlrIa&;udprsm;jzpfonfh
usef;rma&;? ynma&; ponfh
t&mrsm;onfvnf; OD;pm;ay;
aqmif&u
G o
f ifah omudpr sm;jzpf
aMumif; a'gufwm ndKnKd oif;u
ajymonf/
&efuek w
f idk ;f a'oBu;D vTwf
awmf\ 'kwd,ykHrSeftpnf;t
a0;udk 4 &ufMum usif;ycJhNyD;
ar;cGef;pkpkaygif; 34 ckESifh tqdk
3 ck? Oya'Murf; wpfckudk aqG;
aEG;cJhMuonf/
jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwDaxmufcHcsufjzifh
&yfuGuftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;
cefYtyfjcif;r[kwf[kqdk
tdjzLvGif
&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBuD;twGi;f A[ef;NrKd Ue,f rJqEe,ftwGi;f rS &yf
uGut
f yk cf sKyaf &;rSL;rsm;a&G;cs,cf efx
Y m;jcif;onf jynfaxmifpBk uHU
cdik af &;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;ygwD\ axmufccH sujf zifh a&G;cs,cf efx
Y m;jcif;r
[kwfaMumif; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; vHkNcHKa&;ESifh e,fpyfa&;&m0ef
BuD;u ajymMum;onf/
wdik ;f a'oBuD;vTwaf wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,af 'gufwmndKnKd oif;
\ ar;cGef;udk0efBuD;u pmjzifhjyefvnfajzMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
a'gufwmndKndKoif;u A[ef;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd a&TeHYom&yf
uGu?f a&wm&Sn&f yfuu
G ?f taemufa&T*w
kH ikd &f yfuu
G w
f rYkd S &yfuu
G f
aeolrsm;\ wdik Mf um;csurf sm;t& rnfuo
hJ aYkd qmif&u
G af eonfukd
od&Sdvdk ar;jref;cJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; ajymonf/
0efBu;D \ajzMum;csuw
f iG f &yf&mG tusK;d aqmif&u
G rf nfo
h rl sm;
udo
k m &yfuu
G af ejynfow
l \
Ykd oabmqEtwdik ;f a&G;cs,w
f m0ef
ay;jcif;jzpfaMumif; yg&Sdonf/ &yfuGufaus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&; Oya'
Murf;udk twnfjyKNyD;yguvnf; Oya't&&yfuGuf^ aus;&Gmtkyf
csKyfa&;rSL;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fjcif;? cefYtyfjcif;enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh xkwf
y,fjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfEdkifrnfjzpfonf[k jyefvnf
ajzMum;xm;aMumif; awGU&onf/
od&kY mwGif aemufaMumif; jyefOya'r&Sdojzifh vuf&u
Sd sL;vGef
xm;aom jypfrIrsm;&Sdygu Oya't& ta&;,lEdkifjcif;r&SdaMumif;
a':ndKndKoif;u ajymMum;onf/
pm(26)? txD;usefblwm (&opmwrf;) rS

yl a vmif < uyf N rd K uf a om
aea&mifonf blwm0ef;usif
wpfckvkH; vTrf;NcHKxm;&m &xm;
oHvrf;wdrYk mS vufvufxatmif
pl ; &S a eawmh o nf / vl w pf O D ;
ESpfOD;pESifh awmblwmav; aEG
&uf txD;usefaeykHrSm ouf
Nidrfyef;csDum; wpfcsyfES,f wl
awmhonf/

onfrSm aEGa&mufwkdif;
&xm;c&D ; oG m ;ygu jref r m
jynftESHYtjym; jrifaeus jrif
uG i f ; jzpf y gonf / jref r mjynf
tES H Y t jym;wG i f b,f b l w mrS
ra&mufbJ vrf;ckvwf ysuaf e
aom? blwmi,fav;rsm;udkom
aeYpOfjzwfoef;&if; blwmkHBuD;
qD wpfBurd w
f pfcg rS 0ifciG rhf &ay
r,f h ol Y w m0ef o l ausatmif
ckwfarmif;aeaom &xm;awG
trsm;BuD;&Sdygonf/ onfvkdyJ
tjref&xm;Bu;D awG? txl;&xm;
BuD;awG wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ &yfem;

jcif ; r&S d a om? wpf a eY v k H ; aerS
&xm;wpfpD;rvmaom blwm
i,fav;rsm; jrefrmjynfae&m
tawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdygonf/ odkY
aomf xkdblwmkHav;rsm;onf
aeYpOf aqmif&GufaeNrJ vkyfief;
rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&Gufae
qJjzpfygonf/ xkd&xm;rsm;ESifh
bl w mk H a v;rsm;onf rnf o l
todtrSwfjyKjyK? rjyKjyK aqmif
&Guf&rnfh wm0efrsm;udk aeYpOf
xrf;&GufaeNrJjzpfyg\/
]]uRefawmhf tazu ao
awmhblwmrSm oGm;aowmAs}}
aqG;aqG;jrnfhjrnfh ajymzl;aom
rdwfaqGwpfOD;&JUpum;jyefvnf
Mum;a,mif w k d i f ; ur m ausmf
k&Sm;pmqdkBuD; vD,dkawmfpwGdKif;
ud k owd & rd a vonf / vD , d k
awmf p wG d K if ; vnf ; onf v d k r
xifr&Sm;blwmi,fav;wpfck
rSmaoqkH;cJhjcif; jzpfavonf/
(4)
tvSudk &Sm
b,frSm rawGU
wpfaeY tcsdefwefawmh
qlnHnH ikdoHMum;&w,f
&xm;a&GUa&GU
(a'gif;EG,faqG)
ES i f ; awG azG ; vT y d e f ; yd w f
atmifwzJGzGJ usaeaom at;
pufpuf arSmifrnf;onfh nxJ
odkY tbdk;tdkwpfOD; jzwfajy;vm
onf/ tbdk;tdkonf tdrfrS xGuf
ajy;vmjcif;[kvnf; qdEk idk o
f nf/
ajcusif ; 0wf c ef Y ES i f ; xk x J r S m
jzwfajy;ae rMumrMum [yf
xkd;vJus? jyefxvkdufESifh &xm;
blwmi,fav;wpfckqD a&muf
vmonf/ blwmrSm rnfonfh
&xm;rS r&Sdovdk vlvnf;usyJ g;
aeavonf/ uwkefu,ifjzpf
aeaom tbd;k tdo
k nf blwmc&D;
onfrsm; em;cdk&m ckHwef;av;
ay: xkdifvdkuf&if; yg;pyfu wpf
pkHwpf&mudk wwGwfwGwfa&&Gwf
aeygonf / ua,mif u wrf ;
jzifh wpfpkHwpf&mudk AvkH;AaxG;
atmfvkdufaomfvnf;olYudk rnf
olrQ owdrxm;rdMu/ twefMum
awmh tbdk;tdkonf &ifbwfudk
vufjzifzh u
d m tarSmifxx
k J ai;
pdkufMunfhaeavonf/
reuf r d k ; vif ; awmh vD , d k
awmfpwGdKif; aoqkH;jcif;owif;
k&Sm;EkdifiHwpf0ef; awmrD;yrm
ysHUvGifhoGm;onf/ xkdrS urmodkY

wkid f ysUH ESo
YH mG ;Ny;D olpY mayvuf&m
wdkYtm; zwfIxm;olrsm; pkwfw
oyfoyf 0rf;enf;a<uuJGMu&Sm
onf/
awmfpwGdKif;qkH;cgeD;
pmudk a&;cJhonf/
usef;rmaysmf&Tifaeaomf
vnf; uREkfyfonf onfb0udk
quf raevkdawmhay/ wpfpkH
wpf&mu uREkfyftm; qufvuf
touf & S i f r aezd k Y vI H Y a qmf a e
onfhtvm; cHpm;ae&ayonf/
odkYjzifh aysmf&Tifaeaomfvnf;
tcef;xJrS &ufrtay: BudK;ypf
wifNyD; qJGBudK;csrdrnfpdk;ojzifh
BudK;ESifhwlwm rSeforQ 0Sufxm;
&onf/ wpfa,mufwnf; ao
ewf w pf v uf E S i f h awmvnf
onh f tvk y f u d k v nf ; rvk y f & J
awmh? udk,hfukd,fudk,f ypfowf
Ekdifonfr[kwfvm;/
wpf c gwav b0onf
aezdkYxuf aozdkYu ydkcufcJwwf
ygonf/ uRefawmfonf &xm;
ZvD z m;wk H ; oH v rf ; rsm;? wd w f
qdwfajcmufuyfaom blwmkH
i,fav;rsm;ESifh ]]uRefawmfht
azu aoawmhblwmrSm oGm;
aowmAs}} ajymzl;aom rdwfaqG
udk owd&avwkdif; vD,dkawmf
pwGdKif;udkom trSwf&aeawmh
onf/ aemufqkH;awmh b0qdk
onfrSm txD;usefblwmkHav;
yJ jzpfrnfxifygonf/
/
Vol.10,
Vol.9,No.36
No.29 November
October 724
, 2010
, 2011
a&ab;oifU qdyfjzLwGif
WFP ESifU Ecodev wdkh
yl;aygif;ulnDrnf
tdjzLrGef
jrefrmEdkifiHtv,fydkif; qdyfjzLNrdKUe,f&Sd a&ab;oifh
aus;&Gmrsm;wGif tvkyt
f udik t
f wGuf aiGay;jcif; Cash
h m;eyf&u
d m tzGUJ (WFP)
For Work tpDtpOfukd urmp
ESihf Ecodev wdYk yl;aygif;vkyu
f ikd rf nfjzpfaMumif; owif;
&&Sdonf/
]]ta&;ay: u,fq,fa&;awmhvyk Nf y;D Ny/D oJzaYkd e
wJv
h ,f,majrawGukd jyef&iS ;f ay;zdYk (Cash For Work)
tpDtpOfpzdYk vkyaf eNy/D 'Dvukeaf vmufawmh pjzpfr,f/
tJ'gNyD;&if aqmif;MuufoGefpdkufzdkY rsKd;aphawGa0ay;
r,f}} [k Ecodev refae*sif;'gkdufwm OD;0if;rsKd;ol
u ajymonf/
oJ E k e f ; rsm; &S i f ; vif ; ay;aomtcg aiG a Mu;
axmufyjhH cif;ESihf rsK;d aphtulnaD y;jcif;udk Ed0k ifbmv
ukew
f iG pf wifvyk af qmifrnfjzpfNy;D ESpv
f tMum ulnaD y;rnfjzpfaMumif;? rnfonfah us;&Gmrsm;udk t"duxm;uln&D ef pm&if;aumuf,jl cif;
rsm; jyKvkyfaeNyDjzpfaMumif; txufygyk*dKvfuajymonf/ ta&;ay:u,fq,fa&;tpDtpOfudk WFP \ ulnDrIjzifh qdyfjzLNrdKUe,f&Sd aus;&Gm
rsm;udk qefwefcsdef 230 jzefYa0ay;NyD;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
UN REDD
tzJGU0ifEdkifiHjzpfvmygu enf;ynmESifhaiGaMu;axmufyHhrI&Ekdif
tdjzLrGef
jrefrmEkid if o
H nf ukvor*opf
awmjyKef;wD;jcif;ESifh opfawm
twef;tpm; avQmch sjcif;rS um
AGefxkwfvTifhrI avQmhcsa&;tod
trSwfjyK tzJGU0if (UNREDD)
Environment
EdkifiHjzpfvmygu enf;ynmESifh
aiGaMu;qkdif&m ulnDaxmufyHh
rsm; tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&SdEkdif
aMumif; jynfwiG ;f &Sd obm0ywf
0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;orm; t
csKdUu okH;oyfajymMum;onf/
UN REDD tzJGU0iftjzpf
,ckvykdif;wGif ukvor*rS 0if

cGifhjyKvkdufNyD[laom owif;
rsm; xGufay:vmonfh aemuf
wGif obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;
odrf;a&;ynm&Sifrsm;u ,ckuJh
odkY okH;oyfjcif;jzpfonf/
]]UN REDD &JU Member
tzJGU0iftjzpf vufcHvkdufNyDvdkY
Mum;w,f/ tzJGU0ifjzpf&ifawmh
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf? opfawm
awGtwGuf t&rf;aumif;vm
Ekdifw,f/ tmqD,HEkdifiHawGrSm
awmfawmhrsm;rsm;u tzJUG 0ifjzpf
vdkY REDD ukd paeNyD/ opfyif
opf a wmawG v nf ; usef a o;
w,f/ CF awGvnf;&Sdaeao;
awmh UN u enf;ynmawG aiG
aMu;qkid &f m tultnDawG&Ekid f
w,f}} [k Ecodev refae*sif;'g
d k u f w m OD ; 0if ; rsKd ; ol u ajym
Mum;onf/
UN REDD tzJGU0iftjzpf
w&m;0iftodjyKonfh tajzudk
Ek0d ifbmvukeyf ikd ;f wGio
f bm0
ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;a&;ESifh
opfawma&;&m 0efBuD;XmeodkY
kH;u taMumif;Mum;rnf
jzpfaMumif; pDrHudef;ESifh pm&if;
tif;OD;pD;XmerS wm0ef&Sdolwpf
OD;u ajymonf/
]]tzJGU0ifjzpfoGm;&if um
AGef'dkifatmufqkduf pkyfay;wJh
opfawmawG xdef;odrf;wJht
wGuf aiGaMu;axmufyHhrIawG &
Ekid w
f ,f/ umAGeu
f v
kd nf; a&mif;
vk&Yd w,f/ &vmwJyh u
kd q
f eH YJ qif;
&Jwv
hJ al wGukd uln&D r,f/ a'o
zH G U Nzd K ;a&;awG vk y f v d k Y & w,f /
REDD-Plus awGu trsm;Bu;D vkyf
vd&Y k w,f}}[kz&D'gtoif;rS'w
k ,
d
Ou|OD;tkef;u ajymonf/
REDD tzJGU0ifjzpfvmEkdif
a&;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifrI
rsm;udk ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;
a&;ESifh opfawma&;&m0efBuD;
XmeESifh UNDP wdkYyl;aygif;
2010 jynfhESpfwGif pwifvkyf
aqmifcJhMuonf/ 2011 ckESpf
wG i f REDD jyif q if a &;ES i f h
REDD- Plus rsm;udk tmqD,H
EkdifiHrsm;rS obm0ywf0ef;usif
ynm&Sifrsm;? udk&D;,m;EkdifiHrS
ynm&Sifrsm; zdwfac: EkdifiH
awmftqifh aqG;aEG;yJGjyKvkyfcJh
onf/
UN
e,l;a'vDwGifusif;yrnfh
a&csKdpepfwus okH;pJGa&;aqG;aEG;yJG
jrefrmEkdifiHrS wufa&mufrnf
tdjzLrGef
tdE,
d Ekid if H e,l;a'vDNrKd UwGiu
f si;f yrnfh jrpfrsm;rS a&csKpd epfwus
ok;H pJrG aI qG;aEG;yJu
G kd jrefrmEkid if rH S obm0ywf0ef;usix
f ed ;f odr;f a&;
orm;wpfO;D wufa&muf jrefrmEkid if &H dS jrpfrsm;taMumif;udk aqG;
aEG;rnfjzpfonf/
,if;aqG;aEG;yJGudk ,ckv 18 &ufrS 21 &uftxd usif;yrnf
jzpfNyD; tdEd,EkdifiHESifh wkwfEkdifiHrS ynm&Sifrsm;wufa&mufrnf
jzpfaMumif;? jrpfrsm;rS a&csKdokH;pJGrI a&&SnfwnfwHhapa&;twGuf
,leufpudkrS csrSwfxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;Murnfjzpf
k w
f m
aMumif; aqG;aEG;yJw
G ufa&mufrnfh Ecodev rS refae*si;f 'gdu
OD;0if;rsKd;olu ajymonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHjrpfrsm;&Sd a&csKdokH;pJGrIudk ,leufpudkrS csrSwfxm;
aom Water Vision twkid ;f taotcsmtaumiftxnfazmf&ef
twGuf pD;yGm;a&;ESifhywf0ef;usifa&;&mtaMumif;rsm;udk t"du
aqG;aEG;rnfjzpfaMumif; OD;0if;rsKd;olu ajymonf/
awmiftmz&duwGif jyKvkyfrnfU &moDOwk

nDvmcHodkh a'gufwmxGef;vGifwufrnf
tdjzLrGef
(17)Budrfajrmuf EkdifiHwum &moDOwkajymif;vJjcif; nDvmcH
(Cop 17)udk awmiftmz&duEkdifiH 'gbefNrdKU (Darban)NrdKUwGif 12
&uftMum jyKvkyfrnfjzpfaMumif; ,if;aqG;aEG;yJGodkY avhvmolt
jzpfwufa&mufrnfh rk;d av0oESihf ZvaA'ynm&Siaf 'gufwmxGe;f
vGifu ajymMum;onf/
,if;aqG;aEG;yJu
G kd ,ckv 28 &ufrS 'DZifbm 9 &uftxd usi;f y
jyKvyk rf nfjzpfaMumif;? Ekid if aH ygif; 200 0ef;usiw
f ufa&mufEidk rf nf
jzpfaMumif; &moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;tcrf;tem;rsm;wGif (12)Budrf
cefYwufa&mufcJhol a'gufwmxGef;vGifu ajymMum;onf/
]]wpfESpfeJY wpfESpf wkd;wufrI&Sdvmw,f/ 15 BudrfajrmufrSm
awmh Ekid if w
H umtm;vk;H eD;yg; yg0ifvmMuw,f/tckaqG;aEG;r,fyh GJ
rSm umAGeaf vQmch sryI Nkd y;D udik w
f ,
G rf ,fxifw,f/ ravQm&h ifbmjzpf
rvJqdkwmawG ygvmr,f/ ajym&&if Oya'a&;&mtaMumif;awG yg
vmr,fxifw,f/ 'DEpS u
f umAGex
f w
k v
f w
T rf v
I nf; rsm;w,f/ bm
vkdYvJqdkawmh 'DESpfu pD;yGm;a&;usw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawG
u ukefxkwfrIoufomatmif ausmufrD;aoG;uxkwfwJh vQyfppf
awGokH;vmMuw,f}} [k a'gufwmxGef;vGifuajymonf/
&moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;udk vltrsm;vufcHvmatmifjyKvkyf
aomEkdifiHrsm;\ &moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;qdkif&mtpD&ifcHpmonf
tqifh 4 txd a&mufaeNyD;jzpfNyD; umAGefxkwfvTwfrIrsm;aom
Ekid if rH sm;udk avQmch s&ef awmif;qdMk uaom Ekid if iH ,frsm;pm&if;jynfh
Ny;D jzpfaMumif; Ny;D cJo
h nfh Cop 16 tpnf;ta0;rS xkwjf yefcsurf sm;
t& a'gufwmxGef;vGifu ajymjyonf/
&xm;ESifh xdckduf'Pf&m&
aoqHk;ol
avsmYenf;vm
odrhfodrfhpkd;
&xm;ESihf xdcu
kd 'f Pf&m&aoqH;k olpm&if;rSm Ny;D cJo
h nfEh pS Ef iS pfh m
vQif avsmhenf;vmaMumif; jrefrmhrD;&xm;(&efukef)rS jyKvkyf
xm;onfh w&m;0ifpm&if;rsm;t& od&onf/
,ck 2011 ckEpS f Zefe0g&DrS atmufwb
dk mtxd jyKvyk x
f m;
aompm&if;rsm;t& aoqH;k olEiS fh 'Pf&m&ol OD;a&ESprf sK;d vH;k rSm
NyD;cJhonfhESpfatmufwkdbmvtxdjyKvkyfaompm&if;rsm;xuf
avsmhenf;cJhonf/
,ckEpS f Zefe0g&DrS atmufwb
dk mvtxd &xm;ESihf xdcu
dk f
'Pf&m&olOD;a&rSm 20 OD;ESihfaoqHk;ol 18 OD;&SdcJhonf/
NyD;cJhonfhESpfxkdumvtwGif; &xm;ESifh xdckduf'Pf&m
&olOD;a&rSm 25 OD;ESihf aoqHk;ol 21 OD;&SdcJhonf/
xkdYaMumifh 10 vwmumvtwGif; pm&if;Z,m;rsm;t&
'Pf&m&olig;OD;ESihf aoqHk;oloHk;OD;avsmhenf;cJhonf/
NyD;cJhonfhESpf wpfESpfvHk;wGif &xm;ESifhxdcdkuf'Pf&m&ol
31 OD;ESihf aoqHk;ol 27 OD;&SdcJhonf/
,if;uJhodkY &xm;ESifh xdckduf'Pf&m&rIrsm;onf owfrSwf
xm;aompnf;urf;csurf sm;udk rvku
d ef mbJ &xm;xGuaf ecsed f t
wuftqif;jyKvyk jf cif;? &xm;twuftqif;ESifhwGMJ um;rsm;ay:
wGif wGcJ pdk ;D eif;jcif;uvnf; t"dujzpfapaMumif; &xm;0efxrf;
wpfOD;u okH;oyfajymMum;onf/
Vol.10,
Vol.9,No.36
No.29 November
October 724
, 2010
, 2011
[dkw,ftkyfpkwpfckrS iyvDESifh tif;av;wGif [dkw,fwpfvkH;pDzGifhrnf

Villa Inle Resort and Spa
atmifol&
iyvD t yef ; ajzurf ; ajcES i f h
tif;av;a'owdkYwGif 'DZifbm
vqef;rSp EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;
wnf;cdkEkdifaom tqifhjrifh[dk
w,fwpfv;Hk pD zGiv
hf pS rf nf[k t
qdkyg [dkw,ftkyfpkrS aps;uGuf
refae*sm a':wifZmarmifu
ajymonf/
iyvDurf;ajcwGif zGifhvSpf
rnfh[dkw,frSm tcef;aygif; 32
cef;&Sdaom Ngapali Bay [dk
w,fjzpfNyD; tcef;tm;vkH;rSm
Seaview tcef;rsm; jzpfonf/
tif;av;a'o rkid ;f aomuf
wG i f zG i f h v S p f r nf h [d k w ,f r S m
[kdw,fjzpfNyD; tcef;aygif; 16
cef;&Su
d m vmrnfEh pS w
f iG f tcef;
40 xd wk;d csUJ oGm;rnf[k a':wif
Zmarmifu qdkonf/
tqdyk g[kw
d ,fEpS v
f ;Hk tm;
o&yg [kdw,ftkyfpk tzGJU0if
rsm;rS zGihfvSpfjcif;jzpfaMumif;
owif;&&Sdonf/
iyvDwGif zGifhvSpfaom [dk
w,f\ tcef;crSm tenf;qkH;
a':vm 280 rS tjrifhqkH;a':
vm 450 jzpfNyD; tif;av;wGif
zGiv
hf pS af om [dw
k ,ftcef;crSm
tedrfhqkH;a':vm 350 rS tjrifh
qk H ; a':vm 380 jzpf o nf [ k
od&onf/
yJGawmfrsm;u azmfusL;aom jrefrmU,Ofaus;rI "mwfykHjyyJG usif;yrnf

aevif;xGef;
]]yGJawmfrsm;u azmfusL;aom
jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI}}"mwfykHjyyGJ
tm; Edk0ifbmv 24 &ufESifh 25
&uf wkw
Yd iG f aeYv,f 12 em&DrS n
ae 6 em&Dxd px&if;[kdw,f
usif;yoGm;jzpfonf/
jrefrmvlrsKd ;wd\
Yk ,Ofaus;
rI q d k i f & myG J a wmf r sm;? bmom
a&;yGJawmfrsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;
dk;&myGJawmfrsm; xif[yfay:
vGifaom ESpfvdkzG,f&m "avh

pdkufESifh xkH;wrf;pOfvmwdkUudk
"mwfyHkynm\ zefwD;wifquf
rIwdkYrSwpfqifh xif&Sm;ay:vGif
atmif wifqufjyovdkaom
&nf&G,fcsufjzifh ]]yGJawmfrsm;u
azmfusL;aom jrefrmh,Ofaus;
rI } } [k trnf a y;xm;onf h
"mwfykHNydKifyGJwpf&yfudk usif;y
cJ&h m te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS "mwf

yHkynm&Sif 154 OD;u "mwfyHk
aygif; 718 yHk yg0if,SOfNydKifcJhMu
onf/
"mwf y k H j yyG J txuf y g
"mwfykHNydKifyGJrS qk&"mwfykHrsm;
tygt0if "mwfykHynm&Sif 82
OD;wkdY\ "mwfykHaygif; 157 ykHukd
cif;usi;f jyooGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
NAdwdoQaumifpDrSod&onf/
jyyGJumvtwGif; "mwfykH
ynm&Sifrsm;jzpfaom OD;vSjrifh
aqG? OD;jrifhodef;az? yef;csDpkd;rdk;?
OD;qefeDndrf;? OD;pdefrsKd;jrifhESifh
NAdwdefEdkifiHrS "mwfykHynm&Sif
Yd "mwfyyHk nm
Yemisi Blake wku
taMumif; a[majymyGrJ sm; jyKvyk f
oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
43
Cartoon
44
Asia
aeYv,fpmpm;cJyh gw,f/aeYv,f
pmpm;&if;eJyY J oluae&mwpfae
&mwnf;twGuf r[kwfbJ c&D;
pOfwpfckvHk;twGuf uefxdkuf
vufrw
S x
f ;dk cJyh gw,f}}[k Virgin
ukrP
D pD;yGm;a&;'gdu
k w
f m pwD
ziftwifbdkkd;u ajymonf/
pifumylEkdifiHwGif jyKvkyf
onfh EkdifiHwumrD'D,mESihf aps;

uGuf&SmazGa&;nDvmcH pum;
ajymMum;&mwGif rpwmtwef
bkd ;dk u if;wd\
Yk azmufonfu
uefa':vmwpfoef;csufvuf
rSwfxkwfay;NyD; if;\trnf
tm; xkwaf zmfrajym&efawmif;
qkdcJhaMumif;? taMumif;rSm ZeD;
onftm; todray;&ao;[k
qkdaMumif;ajymMum;onf/
]]oleJY olYrdom;pk[m tm
umo,mOfrSL;awG twlwuG
jzpf v mMur,f h tm&S w k d u f u
yxrqH;k rdom;pkygyJ}}[k rpwm

twefbkdkd;uajymonf/
tar&duefEkdifiH e,l;ru
pDudkjynfe,frS tmumo,mOf
rsm;ysH o ef ; &ef p D p Of x m;onf h
Virgin Galactic onf c&D;pOf
rsm;pwif r nh f tcsd e f Z ,m;
rowf r S w f & ao;aomf v nf ;
c&D;pOftwGuf vlwpfOD;vQif
uefa':vmESpfodef;jzihf 2005
ckESpfuwnf;u BudKwiftrSm
rsm;vufcHa&mif;cscJhonf/
Ref: AFP
Photo - Getty Images
pifumyl? Ekd0ifbm - 15
pifumylpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif
wpfOD;ESihf if;\ZeD;? uav;ESpf
OD;wko
Yd nf uefa':vmwpfoef;
ay;acs tmumoc&D ; oG m ;
av,mOf Virgin Galactic ESihf
tmumookYd c&D;oGm;rnfh yxr
OD ; qH k ; tm&S r d o m;pk j zpf v m
aMumif; Virgin ukrPDwm0ef&Sd
olu ajymMum;onf/
]]pifumyluae uRefawmf
wkdYudk tNrJqufoG,faewJhvl
wpfa,mufeYJ raeYu uReaf wmf
Photo - AFP
pifumylrdom;pkwpfpku tmumoc&D;pOftwGuf uefa':vmwpfoef;jzifh MudKwifrSmMum;xm;
oufqif vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifUtpDtpOfudk
xkdif;0efBuD;tzGJYu twnfjyKcJU[kqkd
befaumuf? Ekd0ifbm - 16
EkdifiHrS xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifae
aom0efBu;D csKyaf [mif;oufqif
&Sief m0gx&m Ekid if o
H jYkd yefvma&;
vrf;cif;ay;Ekdifonfh tjiif;yGm;
zG , f & m vG w f N id r f ; csrf ; omcG i h f
trd e f Y a Munmpmtm; xk d i f ;
tpk;d &tzGUJ u axmufct
H wnf
jyKay;vkdufaMumif; xkdif;rD'D,m
rsm;uazmfjyonf/
,if ; ud p E S i f h y wf o uf
twkduftcHrsm;bufrS jyif;jyif;
xefxefa0zefrIudk &&SdaeNyDjzpf
aom ouf q if \ nD r jzpf o l
xkid ;f 0efBuD;csKyf ,ifvyfc&f iS ef m
0gx&murl twnfjyKjcif; (okdY
r[k w f ) rS w f c suf a y;jcif ; r&S d
ao;aMumif;od&onf/
bk&ifblrdabmu twnf
jyKay;&OD;rnfh aMunmcsufwGif
tenf;qHk; touf 60 ausmf
touft&G,f&SdNyD; axmifoHk;
ESpfcscH&ol jypfrIxif&Sm;olrsm;
tm; vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihfay;
xm;aMumif ; bef a umuf y d k Y p f
owif;pmuazmfjyonf/
xkdif;bk&ifBuD;\ arG;aeY
jzpfaom 'DZifbm 5 &ufwGif
vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihfrsm; ay;
avh&SdcJhonf/
2006 ckESpf ppfbuftm
Pmodrf;rIwGif &mxl;rSjzKwfcs
cHc&hJ onfhoufqifonftouf
62 ESpf&SdNyDjzpfNyD; vmbfpm;rIt
wGuf axmif'Pf 2ESpfcsrSwfcH&
jcif;udk a&Smif&Sm;Ekdif&ef rdrdbm
omay;xm;onfh jynfESif'Pf
jzihf 'lbkdif;wGif aexkdifvsuf&Sd
onf/
rp,ifvyfcfrSm a&BuD;&m
a'orsm;odkY oGm;a&mufaecJh
,if;udpudk axmufcHcJhonfh
Ekd0ifbm 15 &ufwGif usif;y
aom 0efBuD;tzGJUtpnf;ta0;
odw
Yk ufa&mufEidk jf cif;r&Sad Mumif;
od&onf/
Ref: AFP
tdEd,odkh ,la&eD,Ha&mif;cs&efpOf;pm;aeaMumif;
MopaMw;vsajymMum;
uifbm&m? Ekd0ifbm - 15
MopaMw;vstpk;d &onf tdE,
d
EkdifiHodkY EsLpGrf;tifxkwfvkyfa&;
twGuf ,la&eD,Hj'yfpifrsm;
a&mif;cs&ef pOf;pm;aeaMumif;
0efBuD;csKyf*sLvD,m*D;vfvwf
u ajymMum;onf/
xkdokdYa&mif;cs&eftqkdudk
rMumrDusi;f yrnfh avbmygwD
nDvmcHwGif wifjyoGm;rnf[k
od&onf/ MopaMw;vszJ,m;
zufpfowif;pm\ azmfjycsuf
t&vnf; tdEd,EkdifiHodkY ,la&
eD,Hrsm;a&mif;csjcif;onf ESpf
Ekid if q
H ufqaH &; ydrk t
kd m;aumif;
vmapNy;D MopaMw;vsaps;uGuf
rsm;ESihf tvkyftudkifrsm; wkd;csJU
a&;twGuf ta&;ygaMumif; rp
*D;vfvwfu ,HkMunfaeonf
[kod&onf/
tdEd,EkdifiHonf EsLuvD;
,m;rjyefyY mG ;a&;pmcsKyu
f kd vuf
rS w f a &;xk d ; xm;jcif ; r&S d a omf

vnf; MopaMw;vsEkdifiHonf
tdEd,odkY ,la&eD,Hrsm;a&mif;
cs&mwGif vufeufxw
k v
f yk af &;
twGuf roHk;pGJyg[laom uwd
jyKcsufrsm;ay;tyfEkdifaMumif;
qkd onf/
MopaMw;vs ow K wG i f ;
0efBuD; rmwifzm*lqefuvnf;
tdEd,EkdifiHonf xGef;opfp pD;
yGm;a&;EkdifiHjzpfvmNyD; pGrf;tif
0,f,o
l ;kH pGrJ t
I rsm;qH;k urmEh idk if H
rsm;wGiyf g0ifvmaeaMumif;? xkYd
aMumifh tdEd,EkdifiHodkY ,la&eD
,H w if y d k Y a &mif ; csjcif ; onf
jynfolrsm; qif;&JwGif;rS vGwf
atmiftultnDay;Ekid rf nfjzpf
aMumif;ajymMum;xm;onf/ Mo
paMw;vsavbmygwDnDvmcH
udk 'DZifbmvwGijf yKvyk rf nf[k
od&onf/
Ref: AFP
45
International
aemufausmzHk; - tD*spfEdkifiH qEjyrIrsm;wGif

aoqHk;olOD;a& jrifUwufvm rS
Ekd0ifbm 20 &ufwGif vl
aygif; 11 OD; aoqHk;cJhNyD; ,if;
rwkid rf w
D pf&ufu ESpOf ;D aoqH;k
cJhonf[k owif;rsm;u azmfjy
NyD; vHkNcHKa&;wyfzGJU0if 40 tyg
t0if vlaygif; 900 cefY xdckduf
'Pf&m&cJhaMumif; usef;rma&;
wm0ef&o
dS rl sm;u ajymMum;onf/
ukvor*uav;oli,frsm;&efyHkaiGtzGJYtBuD;tuJ
tefodkeDvdwf
&Jrif;
rpwm 0DvD,rf tefokdeDum

aqmhyfvdwfonf ukv or*
uav;oli,frsm;&efyHkaiGtzGJU
( U N I C E F ) \ trI a qmif
'gd k u f w mjzpf N yD ; tar&d u ef
oHwrefa[mif;? Ekid if jH cm;a&;0ef
BuD;Xme t&m&Sda[mif;? EkdifiH
a&;tBuHay; wwfodynm&Sif
ESihf pma&;q&mwpfOD;vnf;jzpf
onf/ tar&duef'rD u
dk &ufwpf
orwrsm;ESio
fh rwavmif;rsm;
\ EkdifiHjcm;a&;rl0g'tBuHay;
tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhNyD;
or w bD v f u vif w ef v uf
xuf 1993 rS 1997 ckESpftxd
trsKd;om;vHkNcHKa&;tBuHay;t
jzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/
'Drkdu&uf zcifESihf &Dyuf
bavuef rdcifwkdYrS vdwftm;
e,l;a,mufNrdKUwGif 1939 ckEpS f
{NyDv 2 &uf arG;zGm;cJhonf/
rpf',fqufausmif;wGif tajc
cHynma&;oif,lcJhNyD; [m;Awf
aumvd y f o d k Y quf v uf w uf
a&muf u m 1961 ck E S p f w G i f
bD a tbG J U &&S d c J h o nf / uef ;

b&pfcsfwuodkvfwGif EkdifiHw
umpD;yGm;a&;bmom&yfuq
kd uf
vufavhvmcJhNyD; 1974 ckESpf
wGif y&ifhpwefwuodkvfrS
a'gufwmbGJU&&SdcJhonf/
vdwfonf 1962 ckESpfrS
p tar&duefEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef
BuD;XmewGif 0ifa&mufwm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJhNyD; 1970 jynfhESpf
wGif xkdpOfu trsKd;om;vHkNcHK
a&;tBuaH y; [ife&Dupfqif*sm
ESihfoabmxm;rwkdufqkdif
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;XmerS Ekwf
xGufcJhonf/ aemufykdif;wGif
upfqif*sm\ tmz&ducsO;f uyf
yHu
k kd a0zefxm;onfh pmtkyw
f pf
tkyfa&;om;cJhonf/
vdwo
f nf 1972 ckEpS w
f iG f
'Dru
dk &ufwpfvw
T af wmftrwf
tufrefrufpuD\orwrJq,
G f
yJ G w G i f y g0if v k y f u k d i f c J h o nf /
orw*sifrDumwmvufxuf
1977-1981 txd rl0g'a&;
qGaJ &;Xme 'gku
d w
f mtjzpfvyk f
uk d i f c J h o nf / 1980 jynf h E S p f
orwa&G;aumufyw
JG iG f orw
a&*iftEkdkif&&SdNyD; *sifrDumwm
HI;edrfhcJh&m rpwmvdwfvnf;
rufqmcsL;qufwuodkvfwGif
Ekid if w
H umqufqaH &;ygarmu
tjzpf 1992 ck E S p f t xd vk y f
ukdifcJhonf/
1992 orwrJqG,fyJGwGif
rpwmtefodkeDvdwfrSm orw
avmif; uvifwef\ EkdifiHjcm;
a&;rl0g'tBuHay;acgif;aqmif
wpfOD;tjzpf yg0ifcJhNyD;aemuf
ykdif;wGif 1993 rS 1997 ckESpf
txd trsKd;om;vHkNcHKa&;tBuH
ay;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJh
onf/ 1996 ckESpfwGif orw
uvifwef jyefvnfa&G;aumuf
cH & csd e f w G i f rp w mvd w f t m;
tar&d u ef A [d k a xmuf v S r f ;
a&;at*sifpD(CIA)\ TefMum;
a&;rS L ;ae&mtwG u f trnf
pm&if;wifoGif;rI&&SdcJhonf/ odkY
aomf &D y uf b avuef r sm;\
uef Y u G u f r I a Mumif h if ; \t
rnf p m&if ; wif o G i f ; rI u d k jyef

vnfkyfodrf;cJh&onf/ aemuf
ykid ;f wGif tdrjf zLawmftxl;uk,
d f
pm;vS,fwm0efrsm;udk 1998
rS 2000 jynf h E S p f t xd xrf ;
aqmifcJhonf/
tkb
d m;rm;\ orwrJq,
G f
yGJwGifvnf; EkdifiHjcm;a&;rl0g'
tBuHay;tjzpf yg0ifcahJ om rp
wmtefoekd v
D w
d t
f m; ,leq
D uf
\ q|rajrmuf trIaqmif'g
dkufwmae&mtwGuf orw
tkdbm;rm;u trnfpm&if;wif
oGi;f cJNh y;D ukvor*twGi;f a&;
rS L ;csKyf rp w mbef u D r G e f ; u
2010 jynfhESpf rwfv 16 &uf
wG i f rp w mvd w f t m; uk v
or*uav;oli,frsm;&efyakH iG
tzGJU(UNICEF)\ tBuD;tuJ
tjzpfcefYtyfchJonf/
tdrfaxmifESpfqufuscJh
onfh rpwmtefodkeDvdwfwGif
yxrZeD ; tef w k d e D , mES i h f
uav;oHk;OD; xGef;um;cJhonf/
orw[dpYk eDrb
l m&uf jyKwf
usNy;D aemufyidk ;f yxrqH;k tBurd f
jyKvyk rf nfh a&G;aumufyrJG wkid rf D
wpf y wf t vk d w G i f ,ck v d k t
Murf;zufkef;&if;qefcwfrIrsm;
jzpfay:cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
Ref: BBC
aemufausmzHk; - u'gzD\ axmufvSrf;a&; tMuD;tuJtm;

zrf;rd rS
u'gzDESihfvnf; a,mufz
awmfpyfol rpwmqmElqDtm;
EkdifiHawmifykdif; qmbm;NrdKU&Sd
if; \nDrtdrw
f iG f Ek0d ifbm 20
&ufuzrf;qD;&rdjcif;jzpfonf/
if;tm; u'gzD\ nmvufHk;
[k,lqMuNyD; u'gzDtpdk;&xJ
taMumuf&GHU&qHk; acgif;aqmif
wpfOD;jzpfonf/
rp w mqmEl q D o nf vl Y
tcGit
fh a&;csK;d azmufrI usL;vGef
cJ h o nf [ k v nf ; pG y f p G J c H & NyD ;
1996 ck E S p f w G i f x &D y d k v D N rd K U
tblqmvif;tusOf;axmif
tusOf;om; 1000 ausmftm;
tpkvkdufowfjzwfrIwGif yg0if
ywfoufcJhonf[k pGyfpGJcHxm;
&olvnf;jzpfonf/
Ref: BBC
aemufausmzH;k - ul0w
d 0f efBu;D csKyf Ekwx
f u
G rf nfr[kwaf Mumif;
EkdifiHtBuD;tuJajymMum; rS
Ref: Wikipedia
awmufwJh rsm; w&m;r0ifa&mif;0,fjcif;udk umuG,f&ef EkdifiHwum awmkdif;wd&pmefapmifh Munfh a&;tzGJY wkdufwGef;

wJhrsm;twGuf tE&m,ftBuD;
qHk;tcsdefjzpfaMumif; qkdxm;
onf/
awmufwJhrsm;udk ta&SU
awmiftm&Sa'owpfavQmuf
wGif tawGU&rsm;avh&NdS y;D zdvpf
ydkifESihf tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiHwkdYwGif
tawG U &rsm;onf / if ; wk d Y u d k
zrf ; qD ; owf j zwf N yD ; aemuf

tajcmufvSef;um wkwfEkdifiH
odkY wifydkYa&mif;csMuonf/
awmuf w J h o nf td w f c sf
tk d i f A D E S i h f uif q mtygt0if
a&m*grsK;d pHak ysmufuif;aponfh
tpGrf;&Sdonf[k ,HkMunfMuNyD;
awmufwJhtom;pdrfxm;aom
0kdif (odkYr[kwf) 0DpuDudk tm;

jznfht&nftjzpf a&mif;csMu
onf / wk d a u;awmuf w J h r sm;
onf t&G,ftpm;t&Snf 40
pifwDrDwm(15 'or 7 vufr)
txd BuD;xGm;EkdifaMumif;od&
onf/
Photo - Reuters
uGmvmvrfyl? Ekd0ifbm-16
EkdifiHwumawmkdif;wd&pmef
a&mif;0,frIapmifhMunfha&;t
zGJU (x&ufzpf)u ta&SUawmif
tm&SwGif awGUjrif&avh&Sdaom
awmufwJhrsm;tm; w&m;r0if
a&mif;0,fazmufum;aejcif;udk
EkdifiHwumOya'rsm;jzihf um
uG,fapmifha&SmufoGm;Mu&ef
urmEh idk if rH sm;okYd wku
d w
f eG ;f ajym
Mum;onf/
Tokay Gecko [kac:onfh
vdarmfa&miftpuftajymuf
yg0ifaom ,if;awmufwJhrsm;
udk t"dutm;jzihf wkwfEkdifiH
wGif aq;zuf0ifonf[k ,lq
MuNyD ; toH k ; jyKrI r sm;jym;ae
onf/ x&ufzpftzGJU\ aMu
nmcsufxJ rsKd;okOf;vkeD;yg;
awmufwJhow0grsm;udk a&mif;
0,fjcif;qkdif&m EkdifiHwumo
abmwl n D c suf j zif h umuG , f
apmifah &Smuf&efvadk Mumif;? ,ck
umvrSm tm&Sa'orS awmuf
Ref: AP
aemufausmzHk; - pydefa&G;aumufyGJwGif uGefqmaA;wpfrsm;atmifyGJcH rS

jynf o l Y y gwD H k ; csKyf a &S U wG i f ygwD a xmuf c H o l r sm;u pyd e f E k d i f i H t vH r sm;a0S Y , rf ;
tm;ay;aepOfrSmyif ygwDacgif;aqmifESihf aemufwufrnfh pydef0efBuD;csKyf rm&D,mEkd&m[dGKifu
ygwDaxmufcHolrsm;tm; aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymMum;cJhNyD; wpfqufwnf;rSmyif owday;
pum;ajymMum;cJhonf/
]]ESpfaygif; 30 twGif; pydefEkdifiH&ifqkdifae&wJh todrfarGUqHk;tajctaerSm uRefawmf
wkdY tkyfcsKyf&rSmqkdwmuawmh vQKdU0Sufcsufr[kwfygbl;}}[k if;uajymMum;NyD; tvkyfvuf
rJhjrihfrm;rI? EkdifiHbwf*sufvdkaiG? EkdifiHha<u;NrDjrihfrm;rI? pD;yGm;a&;&yfwefYrIESihf EkdifiHtm; ,ckt
ajctaeodkY qkdufa&mufaponfh taMumif;t&mrsm;rSvGJ if;wGif &efolr&SdaMumif; rpwm
&m[dGKifuajymMum;onf/
pydeEf idk if o
H nf tdr&f mvkyfief;pef;yGifrh ?I ylazmif;ayguf jzpfay:cJo
h nfh pD;yGm;a&;usuyfrS
Ny;D cJo
h nfEh pS u
f ke;f xGuEf idk cf ahJ omfvnf; Oa&mya<u;Nrt
D usyt
f wnf;aMumifh aemuf wpfBudrf
pD;yGm;a&;qkwf,kwfrIrjzpfay:ap&ef kef;uefae&onf/
Ref: UKPA
NyD;cJhonfh oDwif;ywft
wGi;f ul0dwfEkdifiHom;&maygif;
rsm;pGmonf 0efBuD;csKyf&Sdwfem
qm t,fvfrkd[mruft,fvf
qmbm;udk uefu
Y u
G o
f nft
h ae
jzifh ygvDreftaqmufttHkt
wGif;odkY csKd;zsuf0ifa&mufcJhMu
onf/ 0efBu;D csKyfvmbfpm;onf
[k if;wkdYu pGyfpGJcJhMuonf/
ul0dwftBuD;tuJurl 0ef
BuD;csKyftm; xkwfy,f&efqHk;
jzwfykdifcGihfrSm qEjyolrsm;\
tcGit
fh a&;r[kwaf Mumif;ajym
Mum;onf/
tajccHOya't& 0efBuD;
csKyftm; cefYtyfjcif;? xkwfy,f
jcif;rsm;rSm if;\ tcGit
fh mPm
rsm;jzpfaMumif; ul0dwftBuD;
tuJuajymMum;NyD; 0efBuD;csKyf
u Ek w f x G u f p mwif v Qif y if
vufcHrnfr[kwfaMumif;ajym
Mum;onf [ k t,f v f 0 gqwf
owif;pmwGifazmfjyonf/
ul 0 d w f E k d i f i H t BuD ; tuJ
onf ul0dwftpdk;&tzGJUESihf 0ef
BuD;csKyftm; cefYtyfNyD; 0efBuD;
csKyfrSm xHk;pHtm;jzihf EkdifiHtm;
tk y f c sKyf a eonf h t,f v f q m
bm;rdom;pk0ifwpfO;D jzpfonf/
ul0dwfEdkifiHwGif tzGJU0if 50 OD;
&Sad om ygvDrefurkd l a&G;aumuf
wifajrmufavh&Sdonf/
Ref: Reuters
46
Interview
]t&m&mtm;vHk;twGuf
uRefawmfwkdh jyifqifxm;ygw,f}
tD&efEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD; tvDtubmqvm[DESifUawGYqHkjcif;
ausmfrsdK;
,ck&ufyidk ;f twGi;f ta&SUtv,f
ykid ;f a'orSm tpa&;eJYtD&efw&Ydk UJ
ppfa&;t& jyifqifrIeJY tjyef
tvS e f Ncd r f ; ajcmuf a erI a wG
[m tmHkpdkufp&mjzpfvmaeyg
w,f/rMumao;rDuukvor*
&JU EkdifiHwumtPkjrLpGrf;tif
at*sipf (D IAEA)&JU xkwjf yefcsuf
rSmvnf; tD&ef[m odyfrMum
cifrmS yJ EsLvufeufwpfrsK;d xkwf

vkyEf idk af wmhrmS jzpfw,fvYdk azmf
jycJhwJhtwGuf tD&ef&JUtaet
xm;[m ydkrdk tjiif;yGm;zG,fjzpf
vmaeygw,f / 'D t awmt
wGif; vHkNcHKa&;aumifpD&JU ADwkd
tmPmukdifpGJcGihf& tNrJwrf;
tzGJU0ifEkdifiHig;EkdifiHrS wpfEkdifiH
jzpfwJh k&Sm;uvnf; tD&eft
ay: ukvta&;,lydwfqkdYrIt
opfawGudk axmufcHrSmr[kwf
bl;vkdY ajymxm;wJhtwGuf Iyf

axG;rIawG ydrk sm;vmaeygw,f/
'gaMumifh 'DvdktcsdefrsKd;rSm *sm
refpydkif;*JvfrD'D,mu tD&ef
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD; tvDtu
bmqvm[D ( 62 ES p f ) eJ Y awG U
qHkar;jref;xm;ygw,f/ 0ef BuD;
qvm[Duawmh tD&ef[m EsLAH;k
xkwfaew,fqkdwJhtajymawG
[m taemufwkdif;&JU 0g'jzefYcsd
rIomjzpfNyD; wD[D&ef&JU &efol
awGudkvnf; tD&eftay: vQKdU
0SufppfyGJqifETJzkdY BudK;pm;aewm
udk Iwfcsvkdufygw,f/
IAEA &JU tpD&ifcp
H mudk zwfxm;
wJhb,fou
l rSulnED idk rf mS r[kwf
ayr,fh odawmhocd siaf eMuwm
&Sdw,f/ tJ'gu tD&ef[m olY&JU
yxrqH;k EsLAH;k udk tNy;D owfxw
k f
vkyfEkdifzkdY tcsdefb,favmuf
MumrvJqkdwmyg/
uRefawmfwkdY&JU awmfvSef
a&;acgif;aqmifBuD; t,mwkd
vmtvDcgareDu bmoma&;
Oya't& trdefY? zw0gwpfck
xkwjf yefxm;w,f/ EsLvufeuf
awG[m tpvmrfrpfrqefwJh
t&mawGomjzpfw,fvq
kYd x
dk m;
w,f/ 'DvufeufawG[m [m
&rf(Haram)jzpfw,f/ qkv
d w
dk m
u cGihfrjyKbl;/ 'DvkdrsKd; tpkvdkuf
tNyHKvdkuf zsufqD;EkdifwJhvuf
eufawGuuReaf wmfwYumuG
dk
,f
a&;r[mAsL[mrSm rygygbl;/
'gtrSeyf g/ usew
f mawGuawmh
0g'jzefYcsdrIawGyg/
vQKdU0SufEsLuvD;,m;pDrHudef;
wpfckuawmh &SdaeNyDqkdwm t
axmuftxm;awGu jyaeyg
w,f/ IAEA&JU tpD&ifcHpmrSm
vnf; pmrsufESm 12 rsufESm
ygwJh taxmuftxm; aemuf
quf w G J p m&if ; ygw,f / 'D t
axmuf t xm;awG u ]tD & ef
[m AHk;udkvkdcsifaeNyD} vdkY ed*Hk;
csKyf a umuf c suf c szk d Y u vG J N yD ;
wjcm;rjzpfEkdifawmhwm jyaeyg
w,f/
tJ'DhpGyfpGJcsufu rrQwyg
bl;/ rnDrQygbl;/ tJ'DhtpD&ifcH

pmu tE&m,fBuD;wJhudp&yf
trsm;BuD;udk teufaumuf,l
aeyHkay:aew,f/ IAEA tzGJU
[m tJ'Dvkd teuf aumuf,lrI
awGvkyfNyD; olwkdY&JU*kPfodum
udk tE&m,fjzpfapaeygw,f/
IAEA
&JUtBuD;tuJ ,luD,m
tmrmEk d u awmh tpD & if c H p m
xJrSm tD&ef&JU EsLtpDtpOfrSm
jzpfEkdifajc&SdwJh ppfa&;qkdif&mt
vm;tvmawGukd pd;k &draf Mumif;
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
IAEA [m EkdifiHwcsKdUqDu
vmwJh zdtm;ay;rIeJY vkyfaqmif
aewmyg/
0efBuD;qkdvdkcsifwm tpa&;eJY
olY&JUr[mrdwf tar&duefrsm;
vm;/
'ghaMumifh t&m&mtm;vHk;
twGuf uRefawmfwkdY jyifqif
xm;wmyg/ 'gayrJh uRefawmf
wdYkrSm tJ'Dhtaxmuftxm;eJY
ywfoufvkdY IAEA rSm aqG;aEG;
&rSm vH;k 0aMumufpw
d rf &Syd gbl;/
rpwmtmrmEkd[m tcufcJqHk;
tcsd e f a wG u d k &if q k d i f a e&yg
w,f/ uRefawmfwkdY olYudka&m
IAEA ud k y g ol w k d Y & J U ed * H k ; csKyf
aumufcsuaf wGtwGuf wm0ef
cHEkdifatmif BudK;pm;oGm;rSmyg/
tpD&ifcHpmu qkdwmuawmh
tJ'DrSmygwJhtcsuftvufawG
udk tzGJU0if 10 EkdifiHausmftyg
t0if vGwv
f yfwo
hJ wif;&if;jrpf
awG? tjcm;&if;jrpfrsKd;pHkqDu
&,lxm;ovkd IAEA ukd,fwkdif
&SmazGxm;wJh owif;tcsuft
vufawGvnf; ygw,fvkdYqkdyg
w,f/
tJ't
hD csut
f vufrnfum
rwawGqkdwm topftqef;
r[kwfygbl;/ tmrmEkd&JUt&if
IAEA tBuD ; tuJ rk d [ mruf
t,fvfbm&m'dkif;uvnf; t
ajccHtcsuaf wGuo
kd cd yhJ gw,f/
uRef a wmf w k d Y t&if u vnf ;
117 rsuEf mS ygwJah Mu nmcsuef YJ
wH k Y j yef N yD ; jzpf w ,f / 'gayrJ h

t,fvfbm&m'dkif;[m tck tm
rmEkdvkyfovkdrsKd; wlnDwJhed*Hk;
csKyf a umuf c suf a wG rvk y f
cJhygbl;/
EkdifiHwumtodkif;t0kdif;[m
tD&efudk r,HkbJaezkdYtaMumif;
jycsuaf umif;&Sx
d m;ygw,f/ 0ef
BuD;wkdYtpkd;&[m rMumcPqkd
ovkdyJ ukd,fh&JU EsLtpDtpOfeJY
ywfoufvYdk owif;rSm;awG ay;
cJhwmudk pOf;pm;&ifayghav/
uRefawmfwkdY owif;rSm;
awG wpfcgrSray;zl;ygbl;/ uRef
awmfwkdY tNrJyJ EsLrjyefYyGm;a&;
pmcsKyfeJY IAEA pmcsKyfawGyg
tcsuf a wG t wk d i f ; yl ; aygif ;
aqmif&u
G yf gw,f/ 'gayrJh Ekid if H
wumpmcsKyo
f wfrw
S f csuaf wG
xuf ausmfvGefNyD; uRefawmfwkdY
qDu ydkawmif;qkd&ifawmh jiif;
y,fygw,f/
tpa&;tpkd;&[m tD&eftpdk;&
vufxJ EsLAH;k a&mufomG ;rSmxuf
ykNd y;D aMumufwm wjcm; bmrSr&Sd
ygbl;/ olwkdY[m 0efBuD;wkdY&JU EsL
pufakH wGukd wku
d cf u
dk zf Ydk jyifqif
aewJhyHkay:aeygw,f/
uReaf wmfwu
Ydk wdu
k cf u
kd rf I
rSm ryg0ifygbl;/ tpa&;[m
tajctaeu b,favmufIyf
axG ; ovJ q k d w mod y gw,f /
uRefawmfwkdY&JU EsLtpDtpOf[m
Nidrf;csrf;pGmoHk;pGJa&;jzpfw,fqkd
wm oufaojyxm;NyD; IAEA
&JU apmifhMuyfppfaq;rItwGuf
vnf; vkt
d yfwt
hJ ajctaeawG
wnf a xmif x m;ygw,f / NyD ;
awmh uRefawmfaxmufjycsif
wmuvnf; 'De,fy,ftwGif;
rSm tD&eftpvmrfrpf orw
EkdifiHvdk wjcm;b,fEkdifiHurS
IAEA eJY eD;eD;uyfuyf tvkyft
wlvkyfcJhwmr&Sdygbl;/
[m topftqef;r[kwfawmh
ygbl;/ 0efBuD;wkdY&JU axmufvSrf;
a&;tzGJUtpnf;awG[mvnf;
EkdifiHjyify vkyfBuHrIawGtawmf
rsm;rsm;rSmyg0ifcJhw,faemf/
tD&eftpvmrfrpforw
EkdifiH[m ukd,fwkdifuvnf; NyD;
cJ h w J h q ,f p k E S p f o H k ; ck u mvt
wG i f ; tMurf ; zuf 0 g'&J U om;
aumifjzpfcJhzl;NyD; tqHk;tHI;
awGtrsm;BuD; cHpm;cJh&ygw,f/
uRefawmfwkdY rMumao;rDuyJ
wD [ D & ef r S m tMurf ; zuf 0 g'
wk d u f z suf a &; nD v mcH w pf c k
usif;ycJhw,f/ tJ'DhpGyfpGJcsuf
awG t m;vH k ; [m ,k w d r &S d w m
awGyg/
tar&d u ef o r w [m (0g&S i f
wefu aqmf'o
D t
H rwft',fvf
t,f*sLbD&mudk wkdufckduf&mrSm
yg0ifw,fvkdY,lq&wJh) tD&ef
u'fwyfzGJU (Quds Force) u
*dkvrf&Smul&Dqkdol&,f? aemuf
uG,u
f ygw,fvkYd oHo,&Sx
d m;
olwpfa,muf&,f? NyD;awmh
tD&efrSmaexkdifaewJh aemuf
xyf oHo,&Sdol w&m;cHwpfOD;
wkdYudk tar&duudkvTJajymif;ay;
zkYd awmif;qkw
d phJ mudk tD&efacgif;
aqmifawGqD ay;ydkYcJhw,faemf/
tJ'DhpGyfpGJcH&wJh oHo,&Sd
ol e J Y y wf o uf v k d Y wu,f h t
axmuf t xm;wd w d u susud k
tar&duefu uRefawmfwkdYudk
ay;wmrsKd; vufcH&&Sdjcif;r&Sd
ao;ygbl;/ bmaMumifh olYudk
tD & ef r S m &S d w ,f , l q &ovJ /
tD&efrSm &Smul&DqkdwJh emrnfeJY
vlawGaxmifcsDNyD;&Sdw,f/ 'gh
tjyif tD&efeJY tar&duefMum;
rS m w&m;cH v T J a jymif ; ay;a&;
pm csKyfwpfckrSr&Sdygbl;/ tJ'Dvkd
pmcsKyaf wGqw
dk mu rdwaf qGjzpf
aewJhEkdifiHawGMum;rSmyJ &SdEkdif
wmyg/
Ref: "We are Prepared For
tD & ef r S m Ek d i f i H a wmf t pd k ; &u

axmufyHhulnDwJh tMurf;zuf
0g'(State-sponsored Terrorism ) &Sdw,fvkdY pGyfpGJwmawG
Everything", interview with

Iranian Foreign Minister.
Speigel: 14th, Nov.
ykd*sufwmjzifhjyoum yvwf
pwpf c H k r sm;tm; wpf c H k v Qif
5000 usyfjzifh a&mif;cs&mwGif
ae&mvyfr&Sad tmif a&mif;csc&hJ
aMumif; od&onf/
MRTV4 rS,if;dI;yGJtpDtpOf
rsm;tm; wd k u f d k u f x k w f v T i f h
jyocJhaomfvnf; toHpepfESihf
kyf ydik ;f qdik &f mwdrYk mS tm;enf;rI&dS
cJah Mumif; kyo
f rH S apmifMh unfh
aeolrsm;uqdkonf/
ykd*sufwmjzihfjyo&mwGif wpfckHvQif ig;axmifusyfjzihf

0,f,lMunhfIolrsm;
jrefrmjynfodef;wefdI;yJG arSmifckdvufrSwf usyfig;aomif;ausmftxd jzpf

a0,H
jrefrmjynfoed ;f wef\ wwd,ajrmufEiS fh aemufq;Hk EIwq
f ufyJG
vufrSwfrsm;arSmifcdkaps;uGu f w G i f usyf i g;aomif ; ausmf r S ajcmuf
aomif;cefYtxd aps;&SdcJhonf/
]]20000 wefvufrSwfudk 55000 a&mif;w,f? uRefawmf aps;qpfaewkef;
tcsed rf mS yJ ab;uae ajcmufaomif; ay;0,fomG ;w,f/ aps;u wtm;ajrmufaevdYk
ta':twGuf wpfapmifyJ0,fNyD; wpfa,mufwnf;yJ Munfhcdkif;vdkuf&w,f/ aps;
tJavmufjrifhaeawmh rcHpm;Edkifbl;}} [k arSmifcdkvufrSwf0,f,lcJhol wpfOD;u
qdkonf/ tqdkygyGJrSm Forever Blosoon rSpDpOfjyKvkyfjcif;jzpfNyD; BudKwifvufrSwfrsm;
a&mif;cscJhaomfvnf; yGJrusif;yrD ESpf&ufcefYtvdkrSmyif vufrSwfrsm; a&mif;ukefcJhaMumif;
od&onf/ vufrSwfr&&Sdonfh y&dowfrsm;twGuf yGJpDpOfolrS uZmwfkHtwGif; wpfae&m wGif
tuf&Sf0g&mkdif;
rD;zGm;awmUrnf
tJvufpf
ajymwJh
rGrfbkdif;? Ekd0ifbm - 15
abmvd0k'fplygpwm;rif;orD; tuf&Sf0g&mkdif;onf olr
\ yxrqHk;uav;udk rD;zGm;&ef aq;HkodkYwufa&muf
aeNyjD zpfaMumif; wkid ;f rfatmhzt
f Ed ,
d owif;pmwGiaf zmf
jyonf/
,cif r,furma[mif;jzpfonfh tqkdygrif;orD;
onf NyD;cJhonfh Ekd0ifbm15&uf naeykdif;uyif qJAif;
a[;vf aq;HkodkYwufa&mufcJhaMumif; aq;HkwGif rD;zGm;
&efBudKwifjyifqifaeaMumif;od&onf/
odaYk omf rif;orD;\cifyeG ;f tbD&u
S b
f mcse;f ESifh aq;Hk
bufurl ,ckowif;udktwnfjyK csurf ay;ao;aMumif;
owif;pmwGifazmfjyonf/ tuf&Sf0g&m kdif;\cifyGef;
tbD&Sufbcsef;onf rif;om;wpfOD;jzpfum if;onf
tdE,
d \ tatmif jrifq;kH rif;om;Bu;D trDwmbmcse;f \
Ref: UPI
om;vnf;jzpfonf/
csrf;cdkufcdkuf
'DESpfrSm ]aemufusaewJh ig} wpfudk,fawmfacGxGufw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;uwnf;u wpfukd,fawmfazsmfajzyGJvkyfzkdYpdwful;&Sd cJhw,f/
'gayrhJ tacGxu
G w
f t
hJ csed u
f rk;d wGi;f jzpfaeawmh aemufNy;D y&dowfawGev
YJ nf; wkid yf ifMunhaf wmh olwu
Ydk Indoor rvkyaf pcsiMf u
bl;/ Outdoor vkyaf pcsiw
f ,f/ 'geJyY J rd;k tukeu
f kd apmih&f if;eJY Ek0d ifbmvxJa&mufomG ;w,f/ Ek0d ifbmvusawmh uReaf wmharG;aeY
&Sdawmh arG;aeYudk b,fvdkjzwfoef;&ifaumif;rvJpOf;pm;w,f/arG;aeYrSm taysmfqHk;jzpfr,fh tvkyfwpfckvkyfr,fvdkYpOf;pm;
vdu
k af wmh taysmq
f ;kH tvkyu
f y&dowfawGet
YJ wl oDcsi;f qkad e &&if taysmq
f ;kH jzpfrmS yJ pOf;pm; rdjy;D arG;aeYrmS wpfu,
kd af wmf
azsmfajzyGJudkvkyfjzpfcJhwmyg/

'DyGJrSm ]aemufusaewJhig}xJu y&dowfBudKufwJh oDcsif;ckepfyk'favmufqkdjzpfr,f/ usefwmuawmh uRefawmhf
*Dwoufwrf;q,fhig;ESpftwGif; xGufcJhorQacGawGxJu aumif;wmav;awGqkdr,f/ aemuf y&dowfawG awmif;
qkw
d o
hJ cD si;f awGukd OD;pm;ay;Ny;D qkrd ,f/ tm;vH;k aygif; 43 yk'af vmuf oD qkyd gr,f/ wD;0dik ;f uawmh [D;d;k wD;0dik ;f eJyY g/
'D 43yk'fxJu r[kwfayr,fhvnf; y&dowfawGawmif;orQ oDcsif;awGpifay:rSmwD;EkdifqkdEkdifatmif pDpOfxm;
w,f/ wD;0dkif;udkvnf; oDcsif;awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ay;em;axmifxm;w,f/ t&ifuawmh av;ZD;uvyfwD;0dkif;eJY
qkdcJhw,f/ tckawmh awmufavQmuf [D;dk;eJYyJqkdjzpfwm av;ig;ESpfavmuf&SdygNyD/ oDcsif;tyk'fav;q,fausmf
xJrmS y&dowftBuKd uu
f ykd J OD;pm;ay;Ny;D a&G;xm;w,f/ t"duu pifay:udak &mufomG ;wJt
h cg ud,
k u
hf ,
dk u
f ,
kd f rydik f
wmu jyemaygh/ y&dowfu udk,fhudk ydkifoGm;wJhtwGuf olwkdYqkdapcsifwmudkqkday;zkdYuawmh eHygwfwpfaygh/
wpfudk,fawmfazsmfajzyGJ vkyfwmav;Budrf&SdNyD/ 2006 tifvsm;vdwfrSm yxrqHk;wpfudk,fawmfacGvkyfcJhw,f/
2007rSmusawmh rEav;rSmvkyfcJhw,f/ 2007 rSmyJ &efukefcsufx&D,rf[dkw,frSmvkyfcJhw,f/ yxrqHk;wpf
udk,fawmfazsmfajzyGJwkef;u ig oDcsif;awGwpfa,mufwnf; trsm;BuD;qkdEkdifyghrvm;vdkY pdwfylw,f/ tppt&m&m
tao;pdwfvdkufawG;NyD; yGJeD;&if nbufqdk tdyfraysmfawmhbl;/ ckuawmh enf;enf;yg;yg; wnfwnfNidrfNidrfav;eJY
ylyefwwfvmwmaygh/
yGpJ ifjrif'h ZD idk ;f udkt&ifyaJG wG eJY rwlatmifvyk rf ,f/ toHpepfuv
kd nf;yk*t
H efwmwde;f refY u yHyh ;kd r,fqadk wmh toHxu
G f
vnf;aumif;r,f/ trSwfw&jzpfatmif yxrqHk;vmwJh y&dowfta,muf wpf&mudk wD&SyfawGay;r,f/ aemufxyf
wpf&mudk aomhcsdwfawGay;r,f/ aemufwpf&mudk]aemufusaewJhig} tacGawGvufaqmifay;r,f/ trSefawmh udk,hfarG;
aeYrSm y&dowftm;vHk;udk wpfck ckawmh auR;oifhwmaygh/'gayrJh trsm;BuD;usawmhvnf;rwwfEkdifawmh y&dowfawGtm;vHk;
&JU ud,
k pf m; 15a,mufavmufukd uHprf;rJEu
Id af pNy;D yGt
J Ny;D aemufwpf&ufrmS npmtwlpm;r,f/ &if;&if;ES;D ES;D pum;awG ajymMu
r,f/ oli,fcsi;f tqkad wmfawGuvnf; arG;aeYvufaqmiftjzpf olwo
Ydk cD si;f av;awGukd uReaf wmhyf rJG mS vmqkMd ur,f/ b,ftqkd
awmfawGvJqkdwmawmh uRefawmfvQKdU0Sufxm;csifao;w,f/ vmMunhfwJhaeYrS y&dowfawGaysmfoGm;atmifvkdYyg/ xl;jcm;wm
wpfcku yGJrSm uRef awmhforD;eJYuRefawmf twlwGJqkdr,fhtpDtpOfyg/ orD;u oDcsif;qkdcsifw,fvdkY ajymaewmMumNyD/
pm(49)okdY
48
Entertainment
RZmenf wpfudk,fawmfazsmfajzyGJ usif;yrnf
*RefvifEGefa&;qGJcJUaom
qkdif;bkwfjym; aygifwpfodef;cefhjzifU
avvHatmif
,cif bDwJvftzGJUtqkdawmf *RefvifEGefu
if;\ZeD;onfEiS fh twl a&;qGjJ yKvyk cf ahJ om
Bed Peace [ka&;om;xm;onfh qkdif;bkwf
jym;udk vef'efNrdKUwGif aygifwpfodef;eD;yg;
(a':vm 150000)cefjY zihf avvHwif a&mif;
cscJh&aMumif;od&onf/
vef'efNrKd U&Sd c&pw;D avvH ukrP
w
D iG f
a&mif ; cscJ h o nf h ,if ; qk d i f ; bk w f j ym;ud k
trnfrazmfvadk omyk*Kd vw
f pfO;D u w,fvD
zkef;rSwpfqifh avvHqGJum aygif 97250
(a':vm 153835) ay; 0,fcJhjcif;jzpf
onf/
*RefvifEGefonf ,if;qkdif;bkwfjym;udk
1969 ckESpfu AD,uferfppfyGJudk qefYusif
onfhtaejzihf tdyf&mxJwGif wpfywfMum
vJavsmif;qEjypOf a&;qGJcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
,ck avvHyGJwGif bDwJvf\ '&rfwD; cwfol
aygvfrumwae; a&;cJhaomay;pmwpf
apmifudkvnf; aygifokH;aomif;cGJeD;yg;jzihf
avvHwifa&mif;cscJh&onf/ Ref: AFP
at;olpH
udwfrpf',fwef udk,f0efvG,fxm;&NyD[k owif;rsm;uqkd

NAdwdefawmf0ifrif;om; 0DvD,H\ Muif,mawmf udwfrpf',f
wefonf ,cktcg if;wdkYpHkwGJ \ yxrqHk;udk,f0efudkvG,fxm;
&NyDjzpfaMumif; NAdwdefowif;rsm;uazmfjyonf/
,ckESpftapmykdif;u vufxyfcJhonfh 0DvD,HESihf udwfwkdY
onf yxrqHk;uav;udk&zG,f&SdaeNyD; rif;orD;udwf\ukd,f0ef
rSm ajcmufywfcefY&SdaeNyD[k owif;uqkdonf/
eD;pyfolwpfOD;u ]]olwkdY pwifvufxyfuwnf;u 0DvD
,HeJYudwfwkdY[m rdom;pkrSm uav;awG&Sda&;[m yxrOD;pm;
ay;tcsufyJvdYk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymcJhwmyg/ t,fvdZbuf
bk&ifrBuD;vnf; awmf0ifrsKd;qufajr;udkvkdcsifwJhtaMumif;
ajymcJhwmawG&Sdygw,f}}[kqdkonf/
tqkdygeD;pyfol\ tqkdt&rl awmf0ifpHkwGJonf ,cktcg
uav;twGuf trnfuykd if a&G;cs,x
f m;Ny;D jzpfaMumif; People
r*Zif;odkYajymonf/
Ref: People
*Dwoufwrf; 10 ESpf ausmf umvwGi;f a&muf&v
dS mNyjD zpf aom tqdak wmf RZmenf\ wpf
udk,fawmfazsmfajzyGJudk vmrnhf'DZifbmvqef;wGif jyKvkyfrnfjzpfaMumif; tqkdawmf
RZmenfuajymonf/
,ckazsmaf jzyGo
J nf R Zmenf\ yxrqH;k wpfu,
kd af wmf azsmaf jzyGjJ zpfvmrnfjzpfNy;D
4if;ESiv
hf ufwcJG ahJ om The Tree wD; 0dik ;f ESiyhf if wGzJ ufoq
D adk zsmaf jz rnfjzpfum azsmaf jzyGJ
f yk af &;rS OD;pD;usi;f yjcif;jzpfonf/ azsmaf jzyGw
J iG f R ZmenfwpfO;D
udk Iron Cross aw;xkwv
wnf; oDqkdrnfhoDcsif;rsm;tjyif pHkwGJoDcsif;rsm;vnf; xnhfoGif;oGm;rnfjzpfNyD; pHkwGJ
oDqrdk nft
h qkad wmfrsm;udrk l raocsmao;aom aMumifrh ajymEkid af o;aMumif; R Zmenfu
ajymonf/
,if;tjyifyGJwGif RZmenf\ "mwfyHkjzifh wD&Syfrsm;? cGufrsm;udk a&mif;csoGm;rnf
jzpfNy;D 4if;rS &&Sv
d monfah iGaMu;rsm;udk rdbrJu
h av;rsm; xH jyefvnfvLS 'gef;oGm;rnf[k
od&onf/
R Zmenf\ wpfudk,f awmfazsmfajzyGJudk 'DZifbmv 2 &ufwGif ok0Prkd;vHkavvkH
tm;upm;cef;r nae ig;em&DwGif pwifrnfjzpfNyD;oDcsif; tyk'f 30 ausmfcefY oDqdk&ef
pDpOfxm;aMumif; od&onf/ ,cktcsdefwGif wpfudk,fawmfazsmfajzyGJtwGuf oDcsif;rsm;
pwifwu
kd af eNyjD zpfNyD; tacGjyefvnfxw
k jf zpf? rxkwjf zpf raocsmao;aMumif;ESihf jynf
wGif; kyfoHvdkif;wpfckckESifhcsdwfquf xkwfvTihf&efvnf; raocsmao;aMumif; yGJpDpOf
usif;yrnfh Iron Cross Music Entertainment xHrS od&onf/
,ckESpftwGif; trsKd;om; tqkdawmfrsm;\ wpfudk,fawmfazsmfajzyGJ rsm;jym;cJhNyD;
{NyD 10 &ufwGif pdkif;pdkif;crf;vdIif\ arG;aeYdI;azsmfajzyGJ? pufwifbm 4 &ufaeYwGif &Jav;
\ wpfu,
kd af wmfazsmaf jzyGu
J kd usi;f ycJNh y;D Ek0d ifbm 27 &ufwiG f tJvufpaf rG;aeYwpfu,
kd f
awmfazsmfajzyGJusif;yrnfjzpfonf/
49
Entertainment
tar&duef*Dwqkay;yGJnudk odrf;ydkufcJhwJh awvmqGpf

avmhpftdef*svdpf? Ekd0ifbm-21
avmhpftdef*svdpfNrdKU Ekd0ifbm
21&ufaeYu usif;yNyD;pD;oGm;cJh
aom *Dw&yf0ef;wGit
f jrihq
f ;Hk qk
ay;yGw
J pfckjzpfonhf tar&duef
*Dwqkay;yGJnukd trsKd;orD;t
qkdawmfrsm;u odrf;ykdufoGm;cJh
Muonf/ aus;vuftqkdawmf
rav; awvmqGpfu wpfESpf
wm taumif;qkH;tEkynm&Sif
qk? vlBuKd ut
f rsm;qk;H aus;vuf
trsKd;orD;qkeJY taumif;qkH;
aw;t,fvfbrfqk okH;qk&cJhNyD;
qktrsm;qkH;&oltjzpf xdkn\
rif;orD;av;jzpfcJhonf/ ayghyf
ESihf a&mhcftaumif;qkH;trsKd;
om;tqkd&Sifqkukd blEkdrm;pf?
trsK;d orD;tqk&d iS q
f u
k dk t'gvD?
taumif;qk;H *DwtzGUJ qkudkMaroon 5 ESifh taumif;qk;H t,fvf
brfqu
k dk t'gvD\ Adele's 21
u &&SdcJhonf/ vufwif*Dwt
aumif;qkH; tEkynm&Sifqkukd
*seDzmvkd yufZfu qGwfcl;cJhNyD;
auwDy,f&u
D txl;qkuq
dk w
G f
cl ; Ek d i f c J h o nf / pd w f c H p m;rI t
aumif;qkH;ESihf bvl;vf*DwwkdY
twGuf taumif;qkH;qkwkdYukd
tm&SmESifh bD,eG ;f ap;wku
Yd &&Scd hJ
Ref; Dailymail
Muonf/
EkdifiHwum 8syfZf*DwyJGawmf usif;yrnf
aevif;xGef;
*smreDoHkH;? jyifopfoHkH;ESifh tpa&;oHkH;wkdY yl;aygif; EdkifiHwum *syfZf*DwyGJawmfukd Ekd0ifbmv 29 &uf rS 'DZifbmv 3&ufxd &efukefNrdKU&Sd
ae&m 4ae&mwGif usif;yjyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; *smreDoHkH;rS owif;xkwfjyefxm;onf/
tpa&;? jyifopfvlrsKd; *syfZf*Dworm;rsm; yg0ifazsmfajzMurnfh *syfZf*DwyGJawmftm; 'kwd,tBudrfusif;yjcif;jzpfNyD; *Dwrdwfoifwef;
ausmif;rS pDpOfaqmif&u
G jf cif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ JAZZ BLISS [k trnfay;xm;aom *syZf *f w
D yGaJ wmftm; ,ckv29&ufEiS hf 30 &ufwiG f
House of Memories? 'DZifbmv 1&ufwGif csufx&D,rf[kdw,f? 'DZifbmv 2 &ufwGif jyifopf,Ofaus;rIXmewkdY nae 6em&DcGJrS pwif
usif;yrnfjzpfonf aemufqkH;yGJawmftm; 'DZifbmv 3 wGif pdrf;vef;pkdjynfO,smOf nae 4 em&DwGif pwifusif;yoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
pm-47? tJvufpfajymwJh arG;aeYwpfukd,fawmfazsmfajzyGJtaMumif; rS

'DarG;aeYyrJG mS taz eJo
Y rD;trSwf
w&jzpfatmif qkMd ur,fvYdk vkyf
xm;wm/ olYudk oDcsif;awmha&G;
cdkif;xm;w,f/ tazoDcsif;
awG em;axmifNyD; ckaMu;rsm;ae
w,f/ om;usawmh qkdzkdYpdwf0if
pm;ayr,fh vlawGrsm;&ifol 'l;
wkefr,fxifw,f qkdNyD; rqkd
bl;/
wpfudk,fawmfyGJwkdif;udk
udk,fwkdifpDpOfaewmyJ/ 'gayrJh
'DyGJrSmawmh tm;vHk;BudKvkyf&JU
om;eJYabvfbkwfawGaxmifzkdY
Top
10
ae&m awGr&bl;jzpfaew,f/
wjcm; ukefypnf;aMumfjimawG?
&dI;aMumfjimawGeJY ae&mawmf
awmfrsm;rsm;rSm bkwfawGusyf
aeawmh uReaf wmhyf b
JG w
k af xmif
zkdY tqifrajybl;/
aemufuRefawmhfy&dowf
awGu uRefawmhf*Dwoufwrf;
tvdkuf vdkufygtm;ay;aeMu
awmhtckcsed rf mS uReaf wmfajymif;
vJvkyfvkdufwJh *DwyHkpHudk wcsKdU
u vuf c H a yr,f h wcsKd U us
awmhvnf; t&ifuyHkpHav;yJ
M o vies
in
A merica
qkzd aYdk jymMuw,f/ ]pdwu

f ;l ouf
oufrsm;} txd BudKufMuao;
w,f/ ckaemufykdif;vkyfwJh yHkpH
udk odyfrBudKufMuwJholrsm;ae
w,f/
'Dyt
JG wGuo
f ufvkH aumif;
zkdY avhusihfcef;awmh rSefrSefjyef
vkyfjzpfaew,f/ t&ifuawmh
ysufaewmaygh/ tck&ufydkif;
awmh ESprf idk cf o
JG ;kH rkid af vmufajy;
w,f/ pufbD;eif;w,f/ r[kwf
&if oDcsif;qkdEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;/
'Dyu
JG kd tacGtjzpfawmhjyef
,ckwpfywftwGif;
tar&duefwGif0ifaiGtaumif;qHk;
kyf&Sifum;rsm;
..................................................................................................................................................
pOf Zmwfum;trnf
jzefYcsdonfhukrPD

pkpkaygif;0ifaiG
(uefa':vm)
jyoonfh
&ufowywfaygif;
..................................................................................................................................................
Relativity Media
75527682
1
1/ Immortals
2/ Jack and Jill
Sony Pictures
24025190
1
3/ Puss in Boots
N\A
75527682
3
4/ Tower Heist
N\A
24025190
2
5/ J.Edgar
Warner Bros.
23990237
1
6/ A Very Harold &
Warner Bros. Pic.

Kumar 3D Christmas
12954142
2
7/ In Time
20th Century Fox
23990237
3
8/ Paranormal
Paramount Pic.
95116745
4
Activity 3
9/ Footloose
Paramount Pic.
44719755
5
10/ Real Steel
Dream Works
78779328
6

Pictures
xkwzf t
Ykd pDtpOfr&Sb
d ;l / MRTV 4 uawmh dkufNyD;jyefvTifhr,f/
wu,fawmh arG;aeYdI;udk
z&D;dI;vkyfcsifwm/ 'gayrJh vHkjcHK
a&;ray;EkdifrSm? jyemjzpfrSm
pdk;vdkY oifhwifhwJhEIef;xm;av;
wpf c k o wf r S w f N yD ; vuf r S w f
wpfapmif ig;axmifeJY a&mif;
vdkuf&wmyg/
'DdI;uawmh t&ifdI;awG
eJ Y a wmh ol Y t vd k v d k t ouf u
ajymif ; vmw,f / tcsd e f a wG
vnf;Mumvmw,fqkdawmh wl
at;olpH
n ema&;ulnDrItoif;(&efukef)\ Ou| OD;ausmfolESifh
twGif;a&; rSL; a':jrifhjrifhcifazwdkYudk {rmaEGvESpfjcif;
toif;awmfrS a'gufwmbGJUrsm; Ekd0ifbmv 13 &ufaeY?
naeu ay;tyfcsD;jrifhcJhonf/ ausmfoltm; vlrIa&;
vkyif ef;rsm; vkyu
f ikd jf cif;? vlrsK;d ra&G;? bmomra&G;udk vlrI
a&;qkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;wGif ulnDay;rIaMumihf Doctor of
Human Social Services (MHSS) csD;jrifhcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; a':
jrifhjrifhcifazrSmcifyGef;jzpfol OD;ausmfolESifhtwl vlrIa&;
vkyfief;rsm;udk armifwpfxrf;r,fwpf&Guf aqmif&GufcJh
jcif;aMumihf Master of Humane Social Services bGJUudk
csD;jrifhcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
n csrf;csrf;\ 'kwd,ajrmufwpfudk,fawmfpD;&D; ]odyfcspf
w,f t&rf;rkef;w,f} rdwfqufyGJudk Ekd0ifbmv 5 &ufu
&efuek Nf rKd U? yghc&f KdG i&f ,f[w
kd ,fwiG f usi;f ycJo
h nf/ csr;f csr;f
\ 'kwd,ajrmufwpfudk,fawmfpD;&D;onf Ekd0ifbmv 20
&ufwGif jzefYcsdrnfjzpfNyD; acGxGuf&SdonhfaeYwGif uefawmf
Bu;D arQmpf ifuRe;f pD;&D;0,f,o
l nfh y&dowfrsm;ESihf trSwf
w& vufrSwfa&;xkd;awGUqHkum wpfukd,fawmfazsmfajz
yGJav;udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ ,ckpD;&D;wGif aw;a&; a&T
a*smaf *sm?f jrifrh ;dk atmif? *sref;ESihf csr;f csr;f wkYd uk,
d w
f idk af &;
om;xm;aom oDcsi;f rsm;yg0ifNyD; JM Family rS rlyikd x
f w
k f
vkyfjcif;jzpfonf[k od&onf/
n ajywDO;D \ ,ckEp
S f Ek0d ifbmv 30 &ufwiG f usa&mufrnfh
touf 33 ESpaf jrmufarG;aeYwiG f 4if;wnfaxmifxm;aom
azmifa';&Sif;rS axmufyHhxm;onfh aq;ausmif;om;?
aq;ausmif;olrsm;ESifh &efukefjrdKU? u&0dufeef;awmfwGif
awGUqHkoGm;&ef&Sdonf[kod&onf/ ajywD OD;azmifa';
&Sif;&efyHkaiGtjzpf 'DZifbmv 4&ufwGif tNidrfhESifhjy Zmwf
wkdY ujyazsmfajzoGm;&efvnf;&SdNyD; jyZmwfudk 'gdkufwm
ausmfaZmvif;(tawG;yHk&dyf)u wifqufrnfjzpfum
tNird u
hf kd 'gdu
k w
f m armifrsK;d rif;(&ifwiG ;f jzpf)u wifquf
&efpDpOfxm;aMumif; od&onf/
rSmawmhr[kwfawmhbl;/ wrif
oufoufBuD;vkyf,lwmawmh
vnf;r[kwfbl;/
'DazsmfajzyGJudk vmMunhf
NyD;wJhtcg y&dowfawGtm;vHk;
aysmf&TifauseyfMuvdrfhr,fvdkY
,H k M unf y gw,f / uRef a wmf e Y J
twl w l vmNyD ; aysmf & T i f M uzk d Y

vnf; zdwfac:ygw,f/ vuf
rS w f a wG u d k 14 &uf u pjyD ;
pD;wD;rwf? awmf0ifpifwm? ref;
oD&daw;oHoGif;awGrSm0,fvkdY
&ygw,f / tcsd e f u nae 6
em&Dc?JG ae&mu arQmpf ifuRe;f yg/
Movie Review
Arthur Christmas
c&prwfa&mufcsdefwkdif; qefwmuavmhpfu
vufaqmifawG tajrmuft jrm;udk b,fvk drsm;
vkdufay;EkdifygovJ/ tajzuawmh ajrmuf0ifkd;pGef;
atmufrmS 0Sux
f m;wJh tvGeaf cwfrq
D ef;jym;wJh pepf
awGaMumifh qefwmu vufaqmifawGudk a0ay;Ekdif
wmyg/ 'gayrJh 'DEpS rf mS awmh qefwm&JUom; tmomu
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tpDtpOfwpfckqGJxm;NyD; tJ'DhtpD
tpOfuv
kd nf; c&prwfaeYreuf rk;d rvif;cif tNy;D vkyf
&rSmqkad wmh tmomu bmawGrsm; pDpOfrvJqw
dk m.../
tm;vyf&ufawGrSm uav;awG? rdom;pkawG
twlwuG Munfh EI idk rf ,fh Arthur Christmas 3D um
wGe;f um;udk Barry Cook u du
k u
f ;l xm;Ny;D McAvoy?
Hugh Laurie? Bill Nighy Imelda Stantson wku
Yd toH
jzifh yg0ifxm;onf/ Ek0d ifbmv 23 &ufaeYwiG f Sony
Pictures u jzefYcsdrnfjzpfonf/

Vol.10,
Vol.9,No.36
No.29 November
October 724
, 2010
, 2011
,l-23 trsKd;om; abmvkH;toif; IH;a<u;xyfwif
AdkvfAdkvf0if;
Photo - AFP
AkdvfAkdvf0if;
(26)Budrfajrmuf tif'kdeD;&Sm;
qD;*drf;trsKd;om;abmvkH;NydKifyJG
tBuKd Av
dk v
f yk t
GJ qifw
h iG f jrefrm
,l - 23 abmvk H ; toif ; onf
rav;&S m ;toif ; tm; 2001
qD;*drf;tBudKAkdvfvkyGJ&v'ft
wkdif; wpf*kd;-*dk;r&Sdjzifh IH;edrfhum
IH;a<u;xyfwifcJh&onf/
2001 ck E S p f ? rav;&S m ;
qD;*dr;f abmvk;H NyKd iyf GJ tBudKAv
dk f
vkyJGtqifhwGif jrefr,l-23 t
oif; taejzifh rav;&Sm; ,l23 toif;tm; wpf*kd;-*kd;r&Sd
jzifh IH;edrfhcJhzl;NyD; if;aemufydkif;
awGUqkHrIrsm;wGifvnf; rav;
&Sm;toif;uom tom&&SdcJh
onf/
teD;pyfq;Hk ,ckEpS f qD;*dr;f
NydKifyJGrwkdifcif AD,uferfEkdifiH
wGif jyKvkyfcJhonfh VFF Cup
NydKifyJGwGifvnf; rav;&Sm;t
oif;u jrefrmtoif;udk ESpf*dk;wpf*dk;jzifh tEkdif&&SdcJhzl;NyD; tqkd
yg tIH;rsm;twGuf IH;a<u;qyf
zkdY tcGifhta&; &&SdcJhaomfvnf;
vufvTwfcJh&onf/
jrefrmtoif;ESihf rav;&Sm;
toif;wdkYonf ajcpGrf;uGmjcm;
rI ododomomr&Sdaomfvnf;
tcGifhta&;udk tokH;csEkdifonfh
toif;u tEkdif&&SdcJhjcif;jzpf
onf/ NydKufbuftoif;xuf
em;&uf y d k & xm;aom jref r m
qD;*drf;wGif jrm;ypftm;upm;jzifh
jrefrm a&Tpwif&
toif;onf ,ck yJpG OfwiG t

f yk pf k
yJpG Ofrsm;xuf vIy&f mS ;rIaES;auG;
cJhNyD; abmvkH;tay;t,lrsm;
tysufrsm;cJhonf/
xdkYjyif yJGcsdeftwGif; jrefrm
toif;onf rav;&Sm;toif;
xuf tvG w f w nf u ef a bm?
axmifhuefabmrsm; ydk&cJhaomf
vnf; tokH;rcsEkdifcJhay/ xkdYjyif
jrefrmtoif;\ t"duwpfOD;
wnf;aom wku
d pf pfrLS ; ausmu
f kd
udktm; rav;&Sm;aemufwef;rS
xdef;csKyfxm;EkdifrIaMumifhvnf;
jrefrmwdkufppfaysmufcJh&onf/
rav;&Sm;toif;twGuf
wpfv;Hk wnf;aom tEkid *f ;dk tm;
yJ G c sd e f 85 rd e pf t a&muf w G i f
b,fjcrf; jzwfwifabmrSwpf
qif h qm&meD t mruf u uef
oGif;,loGm;cJhonf/
tqdkyg*kd;rSm jrefrmaemuf
wef;upm;orm;rsm; abmvkH;
zsux
f w
k rf I raooyf? r&Si;f vif;
rI a Mumif h j zpf N yD ; rav;&S m ;t
oif;u &&Sdonfh tcGifhta&;udk
tyd k i f t ok H ; csoG m ;cJ h j cif ; jzpf
onf/
,ckESpfqD;*drf;NydKifyJGwGif
a&T q k a rQmf r S e f ; cJ h o nf h tjcm;
tm;upm;enf;trsm;pkrSm a&T
wHqdyfESifh vJGacsmfcJh&onfht
wGuf jrefrmtm;upm;y&dowf
rsm;\ arQmfvifhcsufrSm tBudK
AkdvfvkyJGtqifha&muf jrefrm
abmvk H ; toif ; ay:wG i f yd k r d k
tm;ay;cJMh uaomfvnf; Akv
d v
f k
yJGESifh vJGacsmfcJh&jyefonf/
odkYaomf ,ckESpf qD;*drf;
NydKifyJG0if jrefrm,l-23 toif;
(26)Budraf jrmuf qD;*dr;f NydKiyf w
JG iG f jrefrmtm;upm;tzGUJ \
yxrqHk;a&TwHqdyfqkudk NydKifyGJusif;y&uf q|rajrmufaeY
wGif trsK;d orD;jrm;ypfupm; orm;atmifirdS ;f u &,lay;Edik f
cJhonf/
tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiH Edk0ifbm 11 &ufwGif pwifusif;ycJh
onfh qD;*drf;NydKifyGJ Edk0ifbm 15&uf tm;upm;NydKifyGJrsm;
NyD;qHk;onftxd jrefrmtm;upm;tzGJUtaejzifh a&TwHqdyf
qGwfcl;Edkifjcif;r&SdcJhbJ aiGwHqdyfESifhaMu;wHqdyfrsm;om
&&SdcJhonf/
Edk0ifbm 16 &ufuusif;yonfh jrm;ypfNydKifyGJ\ trsK;d
orD;wpfO;D csi;f Compound NydKifyGJaemufqHk;tqifhwGif
jrefrmtm;upm;orm; atmifiSdrf;u zdvpfydkifupm;orm;
wpfO;D tm; tEdik &f &Su
d m jrefrmtm;upm;tzGUJ twGuf yxr
OD;qHk; a&TwHqdyfqkudk aps;OD;azmufay;cJhonf/
tqdkygNydKifyGJwGif zdvpfydkifupm;orm;u 'kwd,aiG
wHqdyfESifh tdrf&Siftif'dkeD;&Sm;upm;orm;u wwd,aMu;
wHqdyf&&SdcJhonf/
onf jrefrmhabmvkH;tm;upm;
tm; qkaMu;pm;pepfajymif;vJ
vkdufonfh 2009 ckESpfaemuf
ydik ;f ajcpGr;f ydik ;f ESihf pdw"f mwfyikd ;f
taumif;qk;H toif;jzpfco
hJ nf/
tBudKAkdvfvkyJGa&muf t
oif;av;oif;wGif jyifqifavh
usif h r I tm;tenf ; qk H ; jzpf c J h
aomfvnf; tkyfpkyJGpOfrsm; Ekdif
oifhonfhtoif;rsm;udk tEkdif&
cJhjcif;? ,cif*kd;jywfIH;edrfhonhf
toif;rsm;udk ajc&nfwl ,SOf
NydKifupm;EkdifcJhjcif;u y&dowf
rsm;twGuf auseyfp&mjzpfcJh
onf/
jrefrm,l-23 toif;tm;
tBudKAkdvfvkyJGtqifhra&mufrD
txd wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u qkaMu;
aiGtar&duefa':vm wpfoed ;f
csD;jrifhxm;aMumif;od&NyD; vm
rnhf 2013 ckESpf? jrefrmEkdifiHu
tdr&f iS t
f jzpf vufcu
H si;f yrnhf
(27)Budrfajrmuf qD;*drf;NydKifyJG
wGif atmifjrifr&I &S&d eftwGurf l
,ckxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm BudK;
pm;&efvdktyfrnfjzpfonf/
51
Sports
k&Sm;tzGJYwpfzGJY odkif;ynmoifMum;&ef xyfrHvma&mufrnf

AdkvfAdkvf0if;
jrefrmh;dk &modik ;f ynmudk pdw0f if
pm;NyD; 2006ckESpfrSpwifum
ESppf Of vma&mufoif,al eonfh
k&mS ;Edik if rH S tzGUJ wpfzUJG onf ,ck
ESpfwGifvnf; aiGaqmifurf;
ajcvma&mufoif Mum;rnf
jzpfaMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/
tqdkygtzGJUonf k&Sm;Edkif
iH? pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;r[kwaf om
trsm;jynfoq
l ikd &f m tm;upm;
Xme (jrefrmhodkif;)tzGJU (NonCommercial Public Organization
Spor t Centre Myanmar
jzpfNyD; if;EdkifiHwGif
udk,fydkifuvyfrsm;zGifhum jref
rmhoikd ;f ynmudk us,jf yefaY tmif
Tnaing)
trsKd;orD; atkd;ApfNydKifyGJusif;yrnf
AdkvfAdkvf0if;
(17)Budrfajrmuf? jynfe,fESifh
wdkif;a'oBuD; trsKd;orD;atkd;
ApfNydKifyGJudk vmrnfh'DZifbm 5
&ufrS 7 &uftxd trsKd;om;
tm;upm;NydKifyGJkH (1)? ok0P
usi;f yrnfjzpfaMumif; owif;&
&Sdonf/
tqdkygNydKifyGJwGif touf
12ESpfatmuf udk;a,mufwGJ
atkd;ApfNydKifyGJESifh touf 12
ES p f t xuf wpf O D ; csif ; ? oH k ;
a,mufw?JG ud;k a,mufwJG atk;d
Apf N yd K if y G J r sm; yg0if r nf j zpf
aMumif; od&onf/
]]atdk;Apftm;upm;enf;
[m tajccHtm;upm;enf;wpf
rsKd;jzpfwJhtwGuf uav;awG
twGuf udk,f0goemyg&m tm;
upm;enf ; ud k oG m ;r,f h v rf ;
aMumif;rSm taxmuftuljzpf
apygw,f}} jrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd;
orD;tm;upm;tzGJUcsKyfrS wm
0ef&Sd enf;jyq&mwpfOD;u ajym
onf/
tm;upm;0efBuD;XmeESifh
jrefrmEdik if t
H rsK;d orD;tm;upm;
tzGJUcsKyfwdkYyl;aygif;usif;yonfh
tqdkygNydKifyGJwGif qkwHqdyfrsm;
ESihf qkaMu;aiGrsm;cs;D jri rhf nfjzpf
NyD;? y&dowfrsm;taejzifhvnf;
0if a Mu;tcrJ h j zif h vm&muf
MunfhIEdkifaMumif; owif;&&Sd
onf/
aqmif & G u f a eonf t zG J U jzpf

aMumif; od&onf/
if;tpDtpOfukdtm;upm;
0efBuD;Xme? jrefrmEdkifiH odkif;
tzGJUcsKyfESifh txufygtzGJUwdkY
yl ; aygif ; pD p Of j cif ; jzpf N yD ; ,ck
ESpfvma&mufrIrSm ajcmufBudrf
ajrmuf ES p f p Of q uf w d k u f v m
a&mufoif,ljcif;jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
]]'DEpS v
f mr,ft
h zGUJ u 10OD;
yg/ Edk0ifbm 22&ufuae 'DZif
bm 4 &uftxd aiGaqmifurf;
ajcrS m jref r mh e ef ; pOf " m;a&;
37 csif;(pwkwydkif;)tqifhjrifh
ynm&yf ? "m;wpf v uf 0 d k i f ;
xGufynm&yf (wpfa,mufu
trsm;udk ckcu
H muG,o
f nfyh nm
&yf)Aefwdkynm&yfrsm;udk xyfrH
oif,lrSmyg}}[k if;tzGJUtm;
oif M um;jyoay;rnf h jref r m
EdkifiHodkif;tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmif
q&mBuD; OD;rif;,uu ajym
onf/
if;tzGJUonf aiGaqmif
yif 2006 ckESpfwGif jrefrmh"m;
ES p f v uf o d k i f ; ynmES i f h Aef w d k
ynmud k v nf ; aumif ; ? 2007
ckESpfwGif jrefrmhwkwf&Snfodkif;
ynmESifh vSH&Snfodkif;ynmudk
uefa':vm oHk;odef;csD;jrifh rnfY aZurmjrefrm

tdk;yif;a*gufoD;dkufNydKifyGJ usif;yrnf
AdkvfAdkvf0if;
vnf;aumif;? 2008? 2009ESifh

2010 ckESpfwGif jrefrmheef;pOf
"m;a&; 37 csif ; yxryd k i f ; ?
'kwd,ydkif;ESifh wwd,ydkif;wdkYudk
vma&muf o if , l z l ; aMumif ;
OD;rif;,uu ajymonf/
jrefrmhkd;&modkif;ynmudk
,cifu t*Fvef? jyifopfESifh
'def;rwfEdkifiHrsm;rS vma&muf
oif,lcJhzl;aMumif;od&NyD; ,ck
vma&mufrnfhk&Sm;tzGJUtm;
OD;rif;,uESifh a':cifoEmwdkY
u oif M um;jyoay;rnf j zpf
onf/
jrefrmEdkifiHodkif;tzGJUcsKyfrS
odkif;okyfjytzGJUonfvnf; NyD;
cJo
h nfh 2010 jynfEh pS t
f wGi;f u
qGpfZmvefESifh jyifopfEdkifiHrsm;
wGif usif;ycJhonfh urmhudk,f
cHynmrsm;yGaJ wmfoYkd jrefrmh;dk &m
odik ;f ynm&yfrsm;udk oGm;a&muf
jyocJhonf/
qkaMu;aiGpkpkaygif; a':vmoHk;odef;csD;jrifhrnfh aZurm
jrefrmtd;k yif;a*gufo;D ku
d Nf yKd iyf u
JG kd vmrnfh 2012 ckEpS ?f az
azmf0g&DvwGif &efukefNrdKU usif;yrnfjzpfaMumif; owif;
&&Sdonf/
tqdkygNydKifyGJtm; 2012 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv 2&ufrS 5
&uftxd GdKif&,fr*Fvm'Hka*gufuvyfwGif usif;yrnfjzpf
NyD; Oa&my? tar&duESifh tm&SEdkifiHaygif; 15 EdkifiH0ef;
usifrS tqifhjrifha*gufoD;upm;orm;rsm; vma&muf,SOf
NydKifrnfjzpfaMumif; jrefrmyD*sDattwGif;a&;rSL; OD;csrf;
[efu ajymonf/
]]'DNydKifyGJudk jrefrmyD*sDatu vufa&G;pifupm;orm;
15 OD;eJY jynfyu upm;orm; 130 cefY 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif
zdkYpDpOfxm;ygw,f}}[k OD;csrf;[efu ajymonf/
tqdkyga*gufoD;kdufNydKifyGJonf Asian Tour yGJpOf
tpDt rHjzifu
h si;f yjcif;jzpfNy;D ,cifu ]]jrefrmtd;k yif;}}trnf
jzifh usif;ycJhum vmrnfhESpfNydKifyGJwGif aZurmrS Title pyGef
f mtjzpf
qmtjzpfvnf;aumif;? tJy*k rH S Presenting pyGeq
vnf;aumif; aqmif&GufrnfjzpfaMumif; od&onf/
jrefrmtd;k yif;udk 1996 ckEpS u
f pwifusi;f ycJjh cif;jzpfNy;D
cseyf ,
D rH sm;ay:xGucf &hJ m Asian Tour Order of Merit Winner oHk;Budrf&&Sdol Thangchai Jaidee (xdkif;)? Boonchu
Ruangkit (xdkif;)? Anthony Kang (tar&du)? James
f ikd af y)
Kingston (awmiftmz&du)? Lin Kengchi (wkww
wdkY jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
jrefrmtd;k yif;yGrJ usi;f yjzpfbJ &yfem;cJo
h nfrmS wpfEpS f
wmrQ&SdcJhNyD; vmrnfh 2012 ckESpfwGifrS Asian Tour \
yGJpOftjzpf jyefvnfusif;yEdkifjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
52
Sports
ref,l-e,l;umq,f? vDAmyl;-refpD;wD;ESifh y&D;rD;,m;vd*fyJGpOf(12)yJGBudKcefYrSef;csuf

udkat;jrwf
'Dwpfywf y&D;rD;,m;vd*fyJGpOf
(13)uawmh ref,l-e,l;um
q,f? vDAmyl;-refpD;wD; xdyf
wku
d af wGUqHrk aI wGyg0ifaeovdk
vef ' ef ' gbD y G J t jzpf tmqif
e,f-zlvf[rfyGJvnf; yg0ifvm
aeygw,f/
Ekd0ifbm(26)? pae/
n 7;15 em&D
pwkwfpD;wD;-bvufbef;
,refESpf&v'f 1-0
pwk w f w k d Y td r f u G i f ; rS m
tajctaeaumif;EkdifwJhyGJjzpf
ygw,f/ ESpfoif;pvHk; Z,m;
atmufajcrSmqkdayr,fh tdrf
uG i f ; tajctaeyd k a umif ; wJ h
pwkwfudkyJ a&G;cs,f&rSmyg/ *kd;
enf;r,fhyGJyg/
n 9;30 em&D
abmfvfwef-tJAmwef
,refESpf&v'f 2-0
ajcruGmwJhESpfoif; awGU
qHkrIygyJ/ abmfvfwefwkdY EkdifyGJ
wcsKUd &Sx
d m;wmaMumifhajcusae
wJh{nfo
h nftAJ mwefukdzdupm;
Ekdifw,f/ tjyeftvSefoGif;*dk;
awGeJY tdrf&Sif abmfvfwefuyf

EkdifoGm;zkdY&Sdw,f/
cs,fvfqD;-0kvf
,refESpf&v'f 2-0
,refESpfu tdrfuGif;rSm
cs,fvfqD;wkdY HI;cJhwmrkdY ayghvdkY
r&ygbl;/ cs,fvfqD;wdkY 'DyGJrSm
tdr&f iS t
f oif;yDyD zdupm;Ekid Nf y;D
tEkdifaocsmatmif BudK;pm;Ekdif
w,f/cs,v
f q
f ;D wkYdESp*f ;kd avmuf
&EkdifwJhyGJyg/
ref,l-e,l;umq,f
,refESpf&v'f 3-0
refpD;wD;udk HI;NyD;aemuf
awmufavQmufEkdifyGJawG jyef&
vmaew,f/ e,l;umq,fu
vnf; aemufqHk;vd*fig;yGJ tHI;
r&Sdao;ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh tdrf

uGi;f rSm vH;k 0H;I yGrJ BuHKatmif ref
,lwkdY wefjyefwkdufppfeJY upm;&
zG,&f adS ew,f/ toif;vku
d af jc
pGrf;t&tenf;i,fomwJhref
,ludkyJ a&G;&rSmyg/ oGif;*dk;rsm;
zkdYr&Sdygbl;/
aem0pfcsf-usLyDtm
,refESpf&v'f - r&Sd
'DESpfoif; ,refESpfu csef
yD,H&Spf yxrwef;rSmqHkcJhpOf
aem0pfcsfu wpfBudrfEkdif? wpf
Budrfoa&uscJhw,f/ vuf&SdrSm
vnf; ESpfoif;pvHk; HI;yGJrsm;ae
wmrkdY EkdifyGJ&zkdY tBudwfte,f
upm;Ek d i f w ,f / td r f & S i f a em
0pfcsfudkydkBudKufrdygw,f/ rxif
rS w f b J ES p f * d k ; avmuf & Ek d i f y g
w,f/
qef;'g;vef;-0D*ef
,refESpf&v'f 4-2
qef;'g;vef;twGuf tdrf
uGi;f Edik yf &JG zkYd ta&;BuD;qH;k jzpfyg
w,f / H I ; yG J q uf w k d u f B uH K NyD ;
Z,m;atmufqHk;a&mufaewJh
0D*efwkdY EkdifzkdYr&Sdygbl;/ vuf&Sd
ajcpGr;f t& ydak umif;wJh qef;'g;
vef;yJ ESpf*dk;avmuf&r,fhyGJyg/
0ufpfb&Gef;-pyg;
,refESpf&v'f 1-1
,refESpfu ESpfausmhpvHk;
oa&uscJhw,f/ pyg;twGuf
cufcJwJhyGJygyJ/ vuf&SdrSm 0ufpf
b&Gef;wkdY ajcrNidrfao;ayr,fh
tdrfuGif;rSm oa&&atmifydwf
upm;Ekid w
f mrkYd {nfo
h nfpyg;wkYd
uyfEkdifzkdYyJ&Sdw,f/ *kd;rjywf
avmufygbl;/
Ekd0ifbm(27)? we*FaEG/
eHeuf 00;00 em&D
tmqife,f-zlvf[rf
,refESpf&v'f 2-1
tmqife,ftwGuf vef
'efNydKifbuf zlvf[rfuvnf;
avQmw
h u
G v
f rYdk &wJt
h oif;ygyJ/
,refESpfu tmqife,fwkdY tdrf
uGif;rSmEkdifcJhayr,fh ta0;uGif;
rSm oa&uscJhw,f/ 'ghaMumifh
tmqife,fuGif;v,feJY cHppf
owdxm;zkdYvkdtyfNyD; tmqif
e,f *dk;enf;enf;eJY uyfEkdifzkdYyJ&Sd
ygw,f/ zlv[
f rftjrihq
f ;kH oa&
yJrSef;Ekdifr,f/
n 8;00 em&D
qGrfqD;-ADvm
,refESpf&v'f - r&Sd
qGrfqD;wkdY oa&yGJrsm;ae
ayr,f h 'D t d r f u G i f ; yG J r S m awmh
&v'faumif;Ekid w
f ,f/ ADvm[m
qGrfqD;udk tEkdif&zkdY BudK;pm;rSm
jzpfayr,fh tdrfuGif;rSwfwrf;
aumif;wJhqGrfqD;udk oa&&ifyJ
auseyf&rSmyg/ qGrfqD;udk ydk
BudKufrdygw,f/
vDAmyl;-refpD;wD;
,refESpf&v'f 3-0
,refESpfu ESpfausmhpvHk;
rSm oHk;*dk;jywfpDeJY tjyeftvSef
EkdifcJhMuwJhESpfoif;yg/ vuf&SdrSm
vDAmyl;cHppfupm;yHk aumif;ae
ayr,fh y&D;rD;,m;vd*fwkdufppf
tm;taumif;qHk; refpD;wD;udk
tdru
f iG ;f Ekid yf &JG zkYd vG,rf mS r[kwf
ygbl;/ tdrfuGif; oa&yGJrsm;ae
wJh vDAmyl;wkYd refp;D wD;udak wmifh
cHEkdifrSmr[kwfygbl;/ refpD;wD;
ESpf*dk;avmuf &oGm;Ekdifw,f/
*sarumtajy;orm; pwdAfrmvif;
wpfoufwm yGJy,fcH&zG,f&Sd
uif;pwef? Ekd0ifbm - 19
*sarumtajy;orm; pwdAfrm
vif ; onf wm;jrpf a q;oH k ; pG J
aMumif; ppfaq;awGU&SdcJhojzihf
wpfoufwm yGJy,fcH&zG,f&Sdae
aMumif;od&onf/
if ; ud k qD ; ppf c suf t &
wm;jrpfaq;oHk;pGJaMumif; awGU
&Scd &hJ jcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;ppfaq;
csufudk NyD;cJhonfhZGefv 24&uf
u *sarumtrsKd ; om;tajy;
NydKifyGJ rDwm 100 yGJwGif wwd,
ae&m if;&NyD;aemuf jyKvkyf
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
if;udk wm;jrpfaq;oHk;pGJ
onfrmS rSeu
f efaMumif; qH;k jzwf
csufcscJhonfh pnf;urf;xdef;
odrf;a&;aumfrwD Ou| vif;
aemhpfa*;vfu ]]uRefawmfwkdY
[m NyD;cJhwJhESpfywftwGif; t
axmuf t xm;awG u d k *k w
pdkufppfaq;cJhygw,f/ 'g[m
tm;vHk; wnDwGwfwnf; qHk;
jzwfcsufjzpfNyD; rpwmrmvif;
[m aq;ppfcsufawGt& zsLkd
qifrfrkdufaq; oHk;pGJaMumif;
awGU&ygw,f}}[kajymonf/
pwdAfrmvif;onf 2004
ckESpfuvnf; *sarumcsefyD,H
&SpfNydKifyGJ0ifpOf wm;jrpfaq;oHk;
pGaJ Mumif;awGU& 2ESpyf yJG ,fjypf
'pfcHcJh&onf/ if;\trIudk Ekdif
iHwumajy;ckefypftzGJUcsKyfu
qH;k jzwfz,
G &f NdS y;D ,if;tzGUJ csKy\
f
Oya't& 'kwd,tBudrfwm;
jrpfaq; oHk;pGJaMumif; awGU&
onfh upm;orm;wpfOD;onf
wpfoufwmyGu
J pm;cGifh ydwyf if
cH&zG,f&Sdonf/
Ref: Xinhua
53
International
yHkrSef ukefoG,fa&;jzpfay:&ef tdEd,ESih f ygupwef ajcvSrf;opfrsm; pwif
wm;qD;ydwfqkdYrIrsm;ESifh
qD;&D;,m; ydkrdkBuHKawGUvm&
'rwfpuwf? Ekd0ifbm - 16
tm&yftzGJUcsKyfBuD;\ tzGJU0if
tjzpfrSqkdif;iHhjcif; pwifvdkuf
csdefrSmyif &SpfvMum tusyft
wnf; tqHk;owfa&;twGuf
qD;&D;,m;tpkd;&onf EkdifiHw
umydwfqkdYwm;qD;rIrsm;ESifh ydkrdk
BuKH awGUvm&aMumif;od&onf/
tpd k ; &tay: qef Y u sif
qEjyrIrsm;tm; ESdrfeif;rIrsm;
qufvufjzpfay:aeNyD; wif;
rmrIrsm;BuD;xGm;vmygu qD;&D;
,m;EkdifiHodkY vQyfppf"mwftm;
a&mif;csjcif;udk tqHk;owfzG,f
&Sad Mumif; tdref ;D csi;f wl&uDEidk if H
pGrf;tif0efBuD; wmem,Dvf'pf
u Ekd0ifbm 15 &ufwGifajym
Mum;cJhonf/
tzGJU0iftjzpfrS qkdif;ihH&ef
tm&yftzGJUcsKyf\ qHk;jzwfcsuf
aMumifh qD;&D;,m;EkdifiH&Sd wl&uD
oHHk;rsm;tm; wkdufcdkufcJhrIrsm;
twGuf wl&uDorwESihf 0ef
BuD;csKyt
f m'd*k efwu
Ydk qD;&D;,m;
EkdifiHtm; jypfwifajymMum;cJhNyD;
aemuf wl&uDpGrf;tif0efBuD;\
aMunmcsufxGufay:vmjcif;
jzpfonf/
wl&uDEkdifiH\ wif;rm
aom&yf w nf c suf u d k tar&d
uefEkdifiHuBudKqkdcJhonf/
tpkd;&vkdvm;aom qD;&D;
,m;EkdifiHom;rsm;u rMumao;
rD&ufrsm;twGif; EkdifiHjcm;oHHk;
trsm;tjym;tm;wku
d cf u
dk cf MhJ u
onf/ if;wkdY\ EkdifiHrsm;u qD;
&D;,m;EkdifiHtay: ydwfqkdYwm;
qD;rIrsm; csrSwfjcif;udk axmuf
cHcJh ,if;odkYwkdufckdufMujcif;
jzpfonf/
odkYaomf aemufykdif;wGif
qD;&D;,m; 'kwd,EkdifiHjcm;a&;
0efBuD; azq,ft,fvrf uf'uf
u tm&yfoHtrwfBuD;rsm;ESihf
jyKvkyfcJhonfh tpnf;ta0;yGJ
wGif ,if;odkYwkdufckdufrIrsm;t
wG u f awmif ; yef p um;ajym
Mum;cJhaMumif; a*smf'efEkdifiHjcm;
a&;0efBuD;Xme ajymcGihf&yk*dKvf
rkd[mrufum&ufuajymMum;
onf/
Ref: Xinhua
tmqD,Haygif;pnf;a&;tpDtpOftwGuf
pifumylu pifumyla':vmoef; 50 txd yHh ydk;rnf
bmvD? Ekd0ifbm - 17
tmqD,Haygif;pnf;a&;tpDt
pOf (IAI)twGuf 2012 rS 2015
ckEpS f aemufxyfav;ESpt
f wGuf
aiGaMu;xnf0h ifru
I kd wk;d jri o
hf mG ;
rnfjzpfaMumif; pifumyltpkd;&
uaMunmonf/ ,if;rSm tmqD
,Haygif;pnf;a&;tpDtpOftwGuf
pifumylEkdifiH\ pwkwtBudrf
ajrmuf uwdu0wfjyKjcif;jzpf
NyD; pkpkaygif; pifumyla':vm
oef; 50 &Sad Mumif; bmvDwiG jf yK
vkyo
f nfh tmqD,aH cgif;aqmif
rsm; awGUqHkyGJ qufpyftpnf;
ta0;wpfck pifumyl0efBuD;
csKyf vD&eS v
f eG ;f u xkwaf zmfajym
Mum;jcif;jzpfonf/
2015 ckESpf tmqD,Ht
okduft0ef;xlaxmifcsdefwGif
uG m [rI u sOf ; ajrmif ; ap&ef

uarm'D;,m;? vmtkd? AD,uf
erf? jrefrmuJo
h Ydk tzGUJ 0ifEidk if rH sm;
tm; IAI tpDtpOfu ulnD&ef
&nf&G,fxm;onf/
xif j rif c suf a y;&mwG i f
vnf; rpwmvDu urmhpD;yGm;
a&;tajctaerS m zG H U Nzd K ;wk d ;
wufraI ES;auG;jcif;?tm;enf;jcif;?
tvkyfvufrJhEIef;jrihfrm;jcif;
ponfjh yemrsm;BuHKawGUae&
Ny;D 'kua wGUEkid af omtajctae
yifjzpfaMumif;ajymMum;onf/
rk e f w k d i f ; ud k ausmf j zwf E k d i f & ef
tmqD , H t zG J U taejzih f v nf ;
yl; aygif;aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpf
aMumif; pifumyl0efBuD;csKyfu
ajymMum;onf/
Ref: CNA
e,ll;a'vD? Ekd0ifbm - 16
ESpfEkdifiHMum; ukefoG,fa&;wGif
tjynfht0 yHkrSefjzpfvmap&ef
twGuf tdEd,ESihf ygupwef
EkdifiHwkdYu BuD;rm;aomajcvSrf;
rsm;pwifcJhaMumif;ESihf ,if;rSm
tcsdefMumjrifhpGm &efolrsm;jzpf
aecJhaom EsLuvD;,m;ykdifqkdif
onfh tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;Mum;
qufqHa&; aEG;axG;vmaom
vuPmjzpfaMumif; attufzf
yDowif;wGifazmfjyonf/
ESpfzufukefoG,frI tjynfh
t0yHkrSefjzpfvmap&ef taxG
axGw;dk wufr&I &Scd NhJ yjD zpfaMumif;
Ekd0ifbm 15 &ufu a&;xkd;cJh
aom ESpEf idk if H yl;wGaJ Munmcsuf
wGifazmfjyonf/
,ck v apmapmyk d i f ; u
td E d , Ek d i f i H t m; OD ; pm;ay;rI
trsm;qH k ; uk e f o G , f z uf E k d i f i H
(MFN)&yfwnfru
I kd ay;rnfjzpf
aMumif ; ygup w ef t pk d ; &u
ajymMum;cJhonf/ a&SUvmrnfh
oH k ; vtwG i f ; td E d , Ek d i f i H r S
ukefypnf; trsKd;aygif; 7000
twG u f if ; \aps;uG u f u d k
zGihfvSpfay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;
ygupwefu uwday;xm;NyD;
2012 ESpfukefykdif;wGif MFN
&yfwnfrIudk &zG,f&SdaMumif;
tdE,
d owif;at*sipf D yDwt
D idk f
uazmfjyonf/ avmavmq,f
wGif tdEd,EkdifiHrS ukefypnf;
trsKd ; aygif ; 2000 cef Y o m
ygupwefEkdifiHu wifydkYcGihfjyK
xm;onf/
uk e f o G , f a &; yH k r S e f j zpf
atmif qufvufvkyfaqmif
a&; ygupwef0efBuD;tzGJUu
if;wkdYtm; tcGihftmPmtyf
ESif;vkdufaMumif;ESihf xkdYtwGuf
t vG e f t aumif ; jrif xm;
aMumif; ygupwefuek o
f ,
G af &;
twGif;0ef ZmzmrmrGwfuajym
Mum;onf/ MFN &yfwnfrIudk
tdEd,EkdifiHu ygupwefEkdifiH
tm; 1996 ckESpfuyif ay;tyf
cJhaMumif;od&onf/
Ref: AFP
54
International
,lkdZkefowday;csufaMumifh tar&duefbPf&S,f,mrsm; xkd;us

&mckid Ef eI ;f wefz;kd avsmu
h s aps;
uGufydwfodrf;cJhNyD; b@ma&;
vkyfief;rsm;qkdif&m&S,f,mrsm;
rSm txdtemqHk;jzpfcJhonf/
,l k d Z k e f t usyf t wnf ;
tm; tvsiftjref rajz&Sif;Ekdif
ygu tar&d u ef b Pf r sm;\
a&SUtvm;tvmrSm ykdrkdqkd;&Gm;
vmEkdifaMumif; Fitch at*sifpD
u owday;xm;onf/
xkdtawmtwGif; tjcm;
aiGaMu;tqiho
f wfrw
S af &;at
*sifpDwpfckjzpfonfh Moody's
uvnf; *smreDbPf 12 ck\
aiGaMu;pdwcf s&rIukdtqihaf vQmh

cscJhonf/
Fitch at*sifpD\ tpD&if
cHpmtm; aeYv,fykdif;wGif xkwf
jyefcJhNyD;aemuf tar&duefEkdifiH
\ t"d u bPf B uD ; rsm;jzpf
aom a*syDarmf*efESifh Bank of
America &S,f,maps;EIef;rsm;
3 'or 8 &mckdifEIef;ESihf 3'or
3&mckdifEIef;odkYtoD;oD;usqif;
cJh onf/ &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIbPfBuD;
Morgan Stanley \ &S,f,m
rsm;vnf; 8 &mckdifEIef; wefzkd;
usqif;oGm;onf/ Ref: BBC
e,l;a,muf? Ekd0ifbm - 17
,lkdZkefaiGaMu;tusyftwnf;
wGif tar&duefbPfrsm; yg0if
ywfoufaerItwGuf Fitch aiG
aMu;tqifo
h wfrw
S rf aI t*sipf D
u owday;csufwpf&yfxkwf
jyef c J h N yD ; aemuf tar&d u ef
b@ma&;aps;uGuf a0gvfpx
&d a ps;uG u f w G i f tar&d u ef
bPf r sm;\ &S , f , maps;EI e f ;
rsm;xk d ; usoG m ;cJ h a Mumif ; od &
onf/
a'gif*sKH;pfaps;uGuf odod
omomusqif;cJhNyD; 1 'or 6
tkdiftrftufzfOa&myHk;'gdkufwm EkwfxGuf
0g&Sifwef? Ekd0ifbm - 17
Oa&mya<u;NrDtusyftwnf;
tm; ukid w
f ,
G af jz&Si;f a&; ta&;
BuD;aomtcsdefwGif EkdifiHwum
aiGaMu;&efyHkaiGtzGJU (IMF) \
Oa&myHk;tBuD;tuJ EkwfxGuf
oGm;aMumif;od&onf/
csufcsif;vufiif; &mxl;rS
qif;ay;rnfh if;\qH;k jzwfcsuf
rSm uk,
d af &;ud,
k w
f mtaMumif;
jycsufrsm;aMumifhjzpfaMumif;
rp w mtef w k d e D , k d b k d ; *wf u
ajymMum;onf/ if;taejzihf
tkdiftrftufzf\ Oa&myXme
tm; ukdifwG,faeonfrSm wpf
ESpf&SdNyDjzpfonf/
,ck E S p f tapmyk d i f ; wG i f
tDwvDESihf pydefEkdifiHrsm;\
a<u;NrrD sm;udk tkid t
f rftufzu
f
0,f,lulnDoifhaMumif; rSwf
csuf a y;cJ h N yD ; aemuf y k d i f ; wG i f
,if;ajymqkdrIudk jyefvnfkyf
odrf;cJh&onf/
]]Oa&mytusyf t wnf ;
twGuf ol&Y UJ wHjYk yefr[
I m tjiif;
yGm;p&maumif;ygw,f/ wcsKdU
qk&d if rwnfrNird af wmif jzpfap
w,fvq
Ydk Edk idk yf gw,f}}[k bDbpD D
\ 0g&Sifwefowif;axmuf
pwdAfuifpwefu ajymMum;NyD;
if;\ Ekwx
f u
G rf rI mS tHMh op&mr
&SdaMumif; if;uqufajymonf/
EkdifiHwumaiGaMu;&efyHk
aiGtzGJUonf *&d? ay:wl*DESihf
tkdif,mvefEkdifiHrsm;tm; u,f
wif a &;twG u f Oa&myA[d k
bPf? Oa&myaumfr&SifwkdYESihf
twl oHk;yGifhqkdiftzGJUwGifyg0if
onf/ rMumao;rDuyif tDw
vDpD;yGm;a&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrI
tpDtpOfrsm;wGifvnf; yg0if
BuD;Muyfae&onf/ Ref: BBC
uefYuGufqEjyolrsm;
ul0w
d yf gvDreftwGi;f 0ifa&muf
ul0dwfpD;wD;? Ekd0ifbm - 16
ul0w
d Ef idk if rH S uefu
Y u
G q
f Ejyol
'gZifaygif;rsm;pGmonf Ek0d ifbm
v 16 &uf naeydkif;wGif ul
0dwfygvDreftwGif;odkY twif;
0ifa&mufcahJ Mumif;ESihf xkt
d csed f
wG i f ygvD r ef j yif y wG i f v nf ;
vl&maygif;rsm;pGm qEjyaecJh
aMumif;od&onf/
0ef B uD ; csKyf &S d w f e mqm
t,f v f r k d [ mruf t ,f v f q m
bm; &mxl;rS qif;ay;&ef if;wkdY
u awmif;qkdcJhMuaMumif; rsuf
jrifoufaorsm;uajymonf/
twku
d t
f cH ygvDreftrwf
rsm;tygt0if vl&maygif;rsm;
pGmu jcpm;rIrsm;&Sdonf[laom
pGyfpGJcsufrsm;jzihf tywfpOf qE
jyaecJ h M uonf / t"d u k P f ;
xdef;odrf;a&;&Jrsm;u ygvDref
jyifywGif pkHk;aeaom qEjyol
rsm;tm; vufukdifwkwfrsm;ESihf
kdufESufcJhonf[k tcsKdUowif;
rsm;wGiaf zmfjyonf/ tenf;qH;k

qEjyolig;OD; xdcu
dk 'f Pf&m&&Sd
cJhaMumif; attufzfyDowif;
wpf&yfuqkdonf/
]]tckqkd&if uRefawmfwkdY
jynfolYcef;rxJ 0ifa&mufcJhyg
NyD}}[k &Sdwfemqmtay: uefY
uGufqEjyolrsm;udk OD;aqmif
cJhol rlq,fvfvrft,fvfbm
&ufuajymMum;onf/ &Sdwfem
qmrSm ul0dwfEkdifiH tBuD;tuJ
ESihf wlawmfpyfoljzpfonf/
qE j yol r sm;u ygvD r ef
taqmufttHkwHcg;rsm;udk csKd;
zsuf0ifa&mufNyD; ygvDrefcef;r
Bu;D xJoYka&muf
d
&cdS u
hJ mtrsK;d om;
oDcsif;udkoDqkd rsm;rMumrD
jyefvnfxGufcGmoGm;aMumif;?
0efBuD;csKyf\ aetdrfodkY csDwuf
&mwG i f wm;qD ; cH & NyD ; aemuf
qEjyolrsm;u ygvDreftwGif;
odkY 0ifa&mufcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;
Ref: BBC
od&onf/
55
Vol.10,
Vol.9,No.36
No.29 November
October 724
, 2010
, 2011
pm(45)odkY
pm(45)odkY
ul0dwfpD;wD;? Ekd0ifbm - 21
uefYuGufqEjyolrsm;u NyD;cJhonfhoDwif;ywftwGif; ul0dwfygvD
reftwGi;f twif;0ifa&mufcjhJ cif;udkul0w
d Ef idk if t
H Bu;D tuJu]teuf
a&mifaeY}[k Iwcf sajymqkcd NhJ y;D if;taejzihf ygvDrefukd zsuf odr;f rnf
r[kwo
f vkd twdu
k t
f cHrsm;u awmif;qko
d nft
h wkid ;f 0efBuD;csKyu
f kd
pm(45)odkY
vnf; EkwfxGufcGifhjyKrnfr[kwfaMumif;ajymonf/
u'gzD\ axmufvSrf;a&; tMuD;tuJtm; zrf;rd

x&DydkvD? Ekd0ifbm - 20
u'gzD \ axmuf v S r f ; a&;t
BuD ; tuJ a [mif ; tA ' l v m
t,fvfqmElqDtm; zrf;qD;&rd
xm;NyDjzpfaMumif; vpfAsm;Mum;
jzwftpkd;&uajymMum;onf/
wkdufcdkufa&;orm;rsm;u EkdifiH
awmifykdif;wGif if;tm; zrf;qD;
cJhaMumif; t&m&Sdrsm;uajym
onf/
rp w mqmEl q D ( 62 ES p f )
tm; rnfodkYxdef;odrf;xm;onf
udk rjrifawGU&ao;aomfvnf;
if;rSm u'gzDtpk;d &\ xGuaf jy;
aeaom xdyfwef;acgif;aqmif
rsm;xJrS aemufqHk;usef&Sdaeol
wpf OD;jzpfaMumif; bDbpD o
D wif;
wGifazmfjyonf/
u'gzD \ om; qmtpf

t,fvt
f pvmrfrmS Ek0d ifbm v
19 &ufwGif zrf;qD;cHcJh&onf/
qmtpfESihf qmElqD ESpfOD;pvHk;
rSm ppfyGJtwGif; jypfrIrsm;usL;
vGefcJhonfqkdaompGJcsufrsm;
jzihf Ekid if w
H um &mZ0wfrq
I idk &f m
w&m;Hk;(ICC)u tvdk&Sdaeol
rsm;jzpfonf/
pm(45)odkY
Photo - Reuters
ukdifkd?
Ekd0ifbm - 21
tD*spfEkdifiHwGif &JwyfzGJUESifh uefY
uGufqEjyolrsm;tMum; &if
qkdifwkdufckdufrIrsm;jzpfay:cJh
ESpf&uftwGif; tenf;qHk; vl
aygif; 13 OD; aoqHk;cJhNyD; ukdif
kNd rKd U wm&m&ifjyifwiG f uefu
Y u
G f
qEjyolrsm; axmifESihfcsD pk
a0;aeqJjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
Ek0d ifbm 20 &ufwiG f vnf;
&JESihf ppfbufwyfzGJUrsm;u rsuf
&nf,Akd ;kH rsm;toH;k jyKjcif;? eHygwf
wkwfESihfdkufESufjcif; ponfh
enf;vrf;rsm;oH;k qEjyolrsm;
tm; z,f & S m ;&ef Bud K ;yrf ; cJ h
aMumif ; od & onf / ok d Y a omf
wpfem&Dceft
Y MumwGif qEjyol
rsm;jyefvnfa&muf&v
dS mNy;D tD*spf
ppfbuftkyfcsKyfolrsm;tay:
qefYusifonfha<u;aMumfoHrsm;
atmf[pfcJhMuonf/
tMurf;zufrIrsm;tay:
tjyif ; xef q H k ; I w f c saMumif ;
Oa&myor*uajymMum;onf/
tvufZefN';D ,m;? ql;tufpEf iS fh
tufpf0rfNrdKUrsm;wGifvnf; Nid
pGef;wkdufckdufrIrsm;&SdcJhaMumif;
od&onf/
ruf'&pf? Ekd0ifbm - 21
pydefEkdifiHwGif pD;yGm;a&;&yfwefYaerIESihf tvkyfvufrJh 21 'or 5 &mcdkifEIef;udk
onf;cHae&onfh qErJay;olrsm;u vuf&SdtkyfcsKyfaeaom qkd&S,fvpfrsm;udk
y,fcscJhojzifh a&G;aumufyGJwGif pydeftwdkuftcH uGefqmaA;wpfrsm; atmifyGJ
cHcJhaMumif;od&onf/ pydeftpdk;&onf Oa&mya<u;NrDtusyftwnf;aMumifh
*&dESifh tDwvDNyD;aemuf oDwif;ywf oHk;ywftwGif; wwd,ajrmuftmPm
vufvTwf&onfh tpkd;&jzpfvmonf/
ul0dwf0efBuD;csKyf EkwfxGufrnfr[kwfaMumif;
EkdifiHtBuD;tuJ ajymMum;
Photo - AFP
pydeaf &G;aumufyw
JG iG f uGeq
f maA;wpfrsm;atmifycJG H
OD;0if;wif (A[kdtvkyftrIaqmifaumfrwD0if) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGUcsKyf (NLD)

Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyJGu oefY
&Si;f Ny;D w&m;rQwwJh a&G;aumuf
yJGrsKd;jzpfzdkY vuf&Sd tpdk;&udk bm
rsm;ajymcsifyg vJ/
NyD;cJhwJh 2010 a&G;aumuf
yJGu b,fvkda&G;aumufyJGrsKd;
vJqdkwm tm;vkH;odMuwJh t
wkdif;yg/ uRefawmfwkdYu 'Da&G;
aumufyrGJ sK;d xyfNyD;awmh orkid ;f
wpfywfausmw
h ,fqkd wm rjzpf
zdyYk v
J w
kd ,f/ uReaf wmfwu
Ykd tJ'D
vkyd J oabmxm;ygw,f/
OD;0if;wifudk,fwkdif pnf;
kH;a&;qif;rSmygvm;/
uReaf wmfuawmh use;f rm
a&;raumif;vkYd uk,
d w
f idk rf vku
d f
Ekdifbl;/pnf;kH;a&;vkyfief;awG
uawmh vky&f rSmaygh/ uReaf wmf
wdkYrSm a&G;aumufyJGqdkwJh vkyf
ief;pOf &SdaeNyDqdkawmh pnf;kH;
a&;vkyif ef;awGu wJu
G yfygvm
ygNyD/
vpfvyfae&mawG tm;vkH;0if
Nyd K if r ,f q k d a wmh vl i ,f a wG
ydkrsm;rvm;/ vlBuD;awG ydkrsm;
rvm;/
trSet
f wkid ;f uawmh vTwf
awmfvkyfief;awGqdkwm vlBuD;
awGeJY odyfudkufwJh vkyfief;
r[kwfbl;av/ vli,fawGu
ydkNyD; tvkyfvkyfEkdifw,f/ ajym
Ekdifw,f? qdkEkdifw,f? vIyf&Sm;
Ekdifw,fqkdawmh t"du vli,f
awGyJrsm;zdkY jzpfzdkYrsm;ygw,f/
aemufvmr,fh a&G;aumufyJG
wifr[kwb
f J a&G;aumufyw
GJ idk ;f
udk vli,fawGeJY oGm;zdkYrsm;yg
w,f/
a':atmifqef;pkMunf udk,f
wkdif a&G;aumufyJG0ifzdkYudka&m
b,fvdkrsm; rSwfcsufay;csifyg
vJ/
tJ'guawmh rNyD;ao;bl;
cif A sm/ bmvd k Y v J q d k a wmh
a&G;aumufyJGtajctaeawG
wpf j ynf v k H ; rS m b,f N rd K UawG
&SdvJ/ b,fe,fawG&SdvJ/ tJ'D
e,fawGrSm0ifzdkY aumif;wJh t
OD;jrihfvIdif
rwfavmif;awGudk pm&if;awG
jyKpNk y;D awmhrS trwfavmif;awG
eJ Y t wl a':pk u d k a &m trwf
avmif;pm&if;xJrmS xnfrh vm;?
rxnfrh vm;/ tJ'gusrS qk;H jzwf
csufuay:rSm/ tckawmh ajym
vdkY r&ao;bl;/
rSwfykHwifzdkY qkH;jzwfwmeJY ywf
oufNyD; bmrsm;ajymcsifygvJ/
rSwyf w
Hk ifa&;eJt
Y wl tcGihf
ta&;wpfck ay:vmwmu a&G;
aumufyJG0ifzdkYqdkwm/ tJ'Da&G;
aumufyJG0ifzdkY tcGifhta&;udk
uRefawmfwdkYvkyfMuygr,f/ a&G;
aumufyJG0ifjcif;tm;jzifh wkdif;
jynf&JU tcGifhta&;awG wm0ef
awGukd Ekid if aH &;ygwDwpfct
k ae
eJYxrf;&GufzdkY tcGifhta&;awG
wk;d vmw,f? &Sv
d mNyv
D Ykd ajymcsif
ygw,f/
a':atmifqef;pkMunf udk,f
wkdifygwDtaeeJY 0ifvmNyDqkd
awmh jrefrmhEkdifiHa&; tcif;t
usi;f tajymif;tvJ b,fvjkd zpf
vmEkdifr,fvdkYokH;oyfygovJ/
aocsmwmaygh A sm/ a':
atmif q ef ; pk M unf v d k yk * d K vf
rsKd;u trsm;BuD;vkyfEkdifw,f/
Ekid if aH &;MoZmtrsm;Bu;D &Sw
d ,f/
jynfolvlxk? wkdif;&if;om;awG
&JU ,kHMunfudk;pm;rIawG trsm;
BuD;&Sdw,f/ tJ'gtjyif urm&JU
,kHMunfudk;pm;rI trsm;BuD;&Sdyg
w,f/ a':atmifqef;pkMunf
rS m vk y f E k d i f w J h pG r f ; tm;u t
vGefBuD;rm;ygw,f/ 'Dvdkyk*dKvf
wpf a ,muf u ck c sd e f r S m wpf
OD ; wnf ; vk y f a e&w,f / NLD
acgif;aqmifqdkayr,hf NLD u
bmrSvkyfEkdifcGifh r&SdwJhtwGuf
ckcsdefrSm ygwDuvnf; w&m;0if
rSwyf w
Hk ifvu
dk rf ,f? olu,
kd w
f idk f
vnf; 'DxJrSm acgif;aqmift
aeeJY vkyfaqmifEkdifr,fqdk&if
jrefrmhEidk if aH &;rSm vIy&f mS ;vmr,f/
xufoefrIawG rsm;vmr,f/
t"dym,fawG ydkNyD;awmhjynfh0
vmr,f/
tajccHOya'udkvufrcHvdkY 0if
a&muf r ,S O f N yd K if b l ; vk d Y NLD
ajymcJ h y gw,f / tck bmajym
csifygovJ/
tajccH Oya'udk jyifr,f
qkdwm uRefawmfwdkYrSm wm0ef&Sd
ygw,f/ a&T*kHwkdifaMunmpm
wrf ; xJ r S m ygw,f / tajccH
Oya'udk jyifzdkYqdkNyD; uRefawmf
wdkYrSm &nfrSef;csuf&Sdygw,f/ 'D
&nfrSef;csuftwkdif;yJ qufvkyf
oGm;rSmyg/ vTwfawmfxJa&muf
&ifvnf; 'DOya'udk jyifEdkifzdkY
vkyfoGm;rSmyg/
tpdk;&opfudk NLD u tod
trSwfjyKvufcHvkdufNyDajymvdkY
(trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f) jynfaxmifpkBuHUcdkifa&;ESifh jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwD (USDP)
NLD &JU qkH;jzwfcsuftay: bmajymcsifygovJ/
NLD acgif;aqmifu EkdifiHhacgif;aqmif&JU orD;jzpfovdk NLD udkvnf; trsm;u

BudKqkdaeMuwm/ tckcsdefrSm twdkuftcHqkdwmawmhr&Sdbl;/ EkdifiHaumif;zdkYtwGuf
vkyMf uwm/ wdaYk wGuvnf; Ekid if aH umif;zdt
Yk wGuyf ;l aygif;Ny;D vkyMf uwmqkad wmh olyg&if
ydak umif;wmaygh/ t&ifacwfuqk&d if wdaYk wGuvnf;olu
Y rkd aJ y;cJMh uwmyJ/ 90 wke;f uqkd
&if 90 &mckdifEIef;u olyJ&cJhwmyJ/
NLD u ae&mtm;vkH;rSm 0ifNydKifr,fqkdawmh jynfckdifNzdK;ygwDu NLD eJY NydKifzdkYtqif
oifhjzpfr,fxifvm;/
&ckdifbufrSmawmhr&Sdbl;/ vpfvyfwmu 'DbufrSmyJ vpfvyfwmqkdawmh t&if
wkef;uawmh trsKd;rsKd;ajymaeMuwm/ tckcsdefrSmawmh jynfolYtrsm;qEudk b,fol
bmjzpfw,fqdkwm od&awmhrSmaygh/ ydkNyD;awmhaumif;oGm;wmaygh/
NLD Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyJG0ifr,fh qkH;jzwfcsufu jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;rSm b,favmufxd
ta&;ygw,fxifygovJ/
'DygwDacwfrSmawmh wjcm;ygwDuvnf; wkdif;jynftwGuf aumif;r,fqkd&if
wdkYuawmh axmufcHay;rSmyJ/
tcsyfykd(D)okdY
OD;pkdif;vdwf
&vm;/
wk d i f ; jynf r S m tpd k ; &opf
wpf & yf a y:vmw,f / vT w f
awmfac:aew,f/ 'Dtpdk;&udk
qefYusifjcif;? uefYuGufjcif;om
vk y f v k d Y & w,f / vuf c H w ,f ?
vufrcHbl;ajymvdkY r&ygbl;/
[Dvm&Duvifwef&JU c&D;pOfeYJ
ywfoufNy;D bmrsm;ajymcsiyf gvJ/
tif r wef ta&;BuD ; wJ h
c&D;pOfwpfckjzpfygw,f/ vmzdkY
tcsdefwefygNyD/ tcsdefu uGuf
wdygyJ/ tmqD,HqkH;jzwfcsuf
bmvDuGefz&ifhu tajctae
awG? 'D[mawGeJYaygif;pyfvkduf
&if tcsdefuuGufwdygyJ/
ol w d k Y r suf p d e J Y v nf ; jrif
oGm;NyDawmh olwdkY&JUawmif;qdk
csuf a wG xyf N yD ; awmh ol w d k Y
vufawGYjrifwJhay:rSm olwdkY&JU
wkHUjyefrIawG&Ekdifw,fvdkY uRef
awmfwdkYjrifygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh
high level visit qdkwmudk uRef
awmfwdkYuawmh welcome vkyf
w,f / ck t csd e f r S m vmjcif ; u
xkdufwef\/ rwef\awmh r
ajymygbl;/
,kHMunfcsuf tusOf;om;awG
vTwfzdkY usefaewJhay:rSm bm
rsm;ajymcsifygvJ/
,k H M unf c suf t usOf ; om;u
awmh vTwf&ifawmh aumif;wm
ayghAsm/ NLD &JU awmif;qdkcsuf
uvnf; 'D,kHMunfcsuftusO;f
om; tm;vk H ; ud k >cif ; csuf r &S d
jyefvTwfay;zdkY/ 'guRefawmfwkdY
awmif;qdkcsufyJ/ tJ'Dawmif;
qdkcsufudk tckavmufxd a&GU
vsm;aewm? xpf a igh a ewm
[m tvGefqkd;&Gm;wJhtjzpfyJvdkY
uRefawmfwdkY wGufygw,f/ rdb
rsm;twGufa&m? axmifxJrSm
&SdaewJh olawGtwGufa&m usef
wJhtrsm;jynfoltwGufa&m t
vGefqkd;&Gm;wJhudpyJ ,lqw,f/
pkkH;NyD;awmh rdrdwdkY&JU oabm
xm;awG azmfxw
k w
f [
hJ mawG u
rMumcPay:aerSmyJ/
(A[kdtvkyftrIaqmif)
&Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyf (SNLD)
OD;pdkif;vdwfonf SNLD \A[dktvkyftrIaqmif

ajyma&;qkdcGifh&SdolwpfOD;jzpfNyD; ygwDpwifwnf
axmifpOfumv1989atmufwb
kd m26&ufrS,ck
tcsdefxd ygwD0iftjzpf&Sdoljzpfonf/
NLD eJt
Y wl 2010 a&G;aumufyrGJ mS rSwyf rHk wifz?Ykd a&G;aumufyGJ
f ay: bmajym
r0ifzYkd qk;H jzwfcahJ wmh tck NLD &JU qk;H jzwfcsut
csifygovJ/
olwdkY&JU qkH;jzwfcsuftay:rSm uRefawmfwdkY oD;jcm;a0zef
csurf ay;vkyd gbl;/ 'gayrJh NLD taeeJY e*k&d &dS if;pJ&G nfreS ;f csuf
awG raysmufzYkd ta&;Bu;D w,f/ yxrqk;H tcsut
f aeeJY ,kMH unf
csuftusOf;om;awGtm;vkH;vTwfay;zkdY? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;
&&SdzdkY? aemufwpfcsufu okH;yGifhqkdifawGUqkHaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfzdkY?
w&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;rI&SdzdkY tp&SdwJh tcsufawGudk rarhravsmhbJeJY
vkyaf qmifomG ;zdt
Yk wGuyf J uReaf wmfwu
Ykd tBuHjyKwu
dk w
f eG ;f yg
w,f/
NLDu ajymovkd Oya'ydkif;t& tajymif;tvJawGeJY? 90 a&G;
k mwJt
h ay:
aumufy&GJ v'feYJ ywfoufNy;D NLD vufcaH jymqdv
rSm SNLD ua&m b,fvkdoabm&ygovJ/
tJ'guawmh uRefawmfwdkYvnf; wpfxyfwnf; oabm
wlygw,f/ 90 jynhEf pS f a&G;aumuf yJ&G v'f[m orkid ;f 0ifomG ;yg
w,f/ orkdif;rSmwifusefcJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh vufawGUrSm tokH;
csvdkYr&awmhwJh taetxm;a&mufoGm;NyDqkdwmvnf; uRef
awmfwu
Ykd vufoifch yH gw,f/ Oya'ydik ;f t& tajymif;tvJrmS
awmh NyD;jynhfpkHwJh vlxkauseyfavmufwJh tajymif;tvJxd
ra&mufao;bl;vdkYokH;oyfrdygw,f/ 'Dxufru jyKjyif ajymif;
vJzkdYvdkao;w,fvdkY,lqygw,f/
ygwD0if tusOf;om;awGtxJrSm quf&SdaewJhtcsdefrSm SNLD
ua&G;aumufyJG0ifzdkYeJY rSwfykHwifzdkYpOf;pm;rSmygvm;/
uRefawmfwdkY acgif;aqmifawGrvGwfao;bJeJYawmh vkH;0
rpOf;pm;bl;/
NLD rSwy
f w
Hk ifa&;? rwifa&;u jrefrmhEidk if aH &;rSm b,favmuf
oufa&mufrI&SdEkdifygovJ/
NLD rSwfykHwifvkdufjcif;tm;jzifh 'Drdkua&pD bufawmf
om;awGtzdkYuawmh ydkNyD;tm;&Sdvmwmaygh/ 'gayrJh 'Drkdua&pD
bufawmfom;awGtukefvkH; yl;aygif;NyD;awmh vTwfawmfxJ
rSmta&;qkd&ifvnf;yJ wpfzufrSm tmPm&jynfckdifNzdK;ygwDeJY
25 &mckdifEIef;aom wyfrawmfom; udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk
olwdkYb,favmufxd vTrf;rkd;EkdifrvJ? b,favmufvkyfEkdifrvJ
qkw
d mudk pd;k &drw
f ,f/ vkyEf idk yf gapvdv
Yk nf; qkawmif;rdygw,f/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfudk,fwkdif Mum;jzwfrSm0ifcJh&if vTwf
awmftwGif;bmawGrsm; ajymif;vJrI&SdvmEkdifygovJ/
tenf;qkH;tqifhuawmh wkdif;&if;om;awGeJY a':atmif
qef;pkMunf yl;aygif;r,f/ NDF tp&SdwJh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk
awGeJY yl;aygif;vkduf&ifawmh tm;aumif;vmr,fvkdY okH;oyfyg
w,f/
a&G;aumufyJGr0ifzdkY 2010wkef;u qkH;jzwfcJhwJh usefwkdif;&if;
om;ygwDawGeJYa&m SNLD awGUqkHaqG;aEG;zdkY&Sdygovm;/
qufNyD;awGUqkHaqG;aEG;zdkY tpDtpOf&Sdygw,f/ 'Dwpfywf
ESpfywftwGif;rSmjzpfvdrfhr,fvdkY cefYrSef;ygw,f/
vuf&SdjynfwGif; EkdifiHa&;tajctaeudk b,fvdkokH;oyfIjrif
ygovJ/
vuf&jdS ynfwiG ;f tajctaeuawmh uReaf wmfwjYkd rifawGU
ae&wm wkdif;&if;om;a'oawGrSm ppfrufjzpfyGm;aew,f/
Nird ;f csr;f a&;&,lxm;wJh tzJUG tpnf;awGu,
kd f uvnf; tajccH
uswNhJ ird ;f csr;f a&;udk rwnfaqmufEidk af o;bl;/ olwrYkd mS typf
tcwf&yfpJa&;tqifhyJ&Sdao;w,f/ vkH;0raqG;aEG;&ao;
wJh tzJGUtpnf;awGvnf; &Sdao;w,f/ wpfcg axmifxJrSm
tusO;f usaewJh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif? wkid ;f &if;om;acgif;
aqmifawG usefaeao;w,f/ 'gawGudk tjrefqkH;jyKjyifajymif;
vJrSomvQif urmaum? wkdif;&if;om;jynfolawGuyg vuf&Sd
tpdk;&udk ydkrdk,kHMunftouf0ifvmrSmyg/ 'gaMumifhyJ tJ'Dudp
awGudk vuf&Sdtpdk;&taeeJY tjrefqkH;vkyfaqmifzdkYvkdygw,f
vdkYyJ okH;oyfrdygw,f/
OD;cspfckdif
(Ou|) {'iftkyfpk ukrPDvDrdwuf
OD;cspcf ikd o
f nf 1989 wGif trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzGUJ csKyf NLDod0Yk ifcNhJ y;D 1991ckEpS cf efw
Y iG f
NLD ygwDrS w&m;0if EkwfxGuf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfudkifcJhonf/
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif wpf
a,muftaeeJY NLD &JU qk;H jzwf
csufudkb,fvdkrSwfcsufay;csif
vJ/
jynfwGif; EkdifiHa&;rSm tm;
vkH; y#dyuawG r&SdawmhbJeJY
wlnw
D hJ 'Dru
kd a&pDvrf;aMumif;
ay:udkoGm;wmudk vkyfief;&Sif
wpfa,muftaeeJY BudKqkdyg
w,f/
NLD taeeJY vIyf&Sm;cJhzl;NyD; t
usO;f usc&H zl;w,fqadk wmh vuf&dS
NLD rSwfykHwifNyD; a&G;aumuf
yJG0ifr,fh tcsdefrSm pD;yGm;a&;
uae EkdifiHa&;bufajymif;zdkY
a&m &Sdygovm;/
tJ't
D csed t
f cguwnf;u
b,fygwDudkrS r0ifawmhbl;
qkdNyD; qkH;jzwfcsufcscJhwmyg/
'gaMumifhrkdY 'DaeYxdvnf; b,f
ygwDrS r0ifcb
hJ ;l / aemifuv
kd nf;
b,fygwDrS 0ifp&mtaMumif;
r&Sdygbl;/
OD;cspfckdiftaeeJY a':atmif
qef;pkMunfudk a&G;aumufyGJrSm
0ifapvdkygovm;/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu
wkdif;jynftwGuf? EkdifiHtwGuf
ta&;ygwJhyk*dKvf/ bmyJjzpfjzpf
'Dru
kd a&pDvrf;aMumif;tul;t
ajymif ; uvnf ; ta&;BuD ;
w,f/ tul;tajymif;&JU vTwf
awmfawGuvnf; ta&;BuD;
w,f/ a':atmifqef;pkMunf
OD;odef;aqG
udk,fwkdif 'Da&G;aumufyJGudk
0ifr,fqkd&ifvnf; oabmus
ygw,f/ vTwfawmfxJudk wkdif;
jynftwGuf wu,fapwem
xm;NyD; OD;pD;OD;aqmifvkyfEkdif
r,fh yk*dKvfawGawmfawmfrsm;
rsm; vTwfawmfxJrSm&Sdapcsif
ygw,f/
pD;yGm;a&;IaxmifhuaeMunhf
&if NLD &JU tcktvIyft&Sm;?
ta&TUawGu jynfwGif;pD;yGm;
a&;tajctaetay: b,f
avmufdkufcwfrI&SdygvJ/
jynfolvlxk&JU pD;yGm;a&;
rSm tcuftcJBuHKawGUae&wJh
jyemu vuf&Sdjyem/ pD;
yGm;a&;ydwfqkdYrIawGeJY ywfouf
aewJ h taemuf u tD ; ,l w d k Y
tar&duefwdkYu tck'DajcvSrf;
ay:rSm oabmxm;aysmah ysmif;
vmwmud k a wG U &w,f / tJ v d k
aysmhaysmif;vmvdkY ydwfqkdYrI awG
ajyavsmhoGm;r,fqkd&if EkdifiHpD;
yGm;a&;u wpf[kefwkd; wkd;wuf
vmvdkYjynfoltrsm;pktwGuf
aumif;wJtusdK; oufa&muf
vmrSmyJjzpfw,f/
jynfwGif;upD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
&Sifwpfa,muftaeeJY vuf&Sd
vTwfawmfwGif; tm;aumif;ae
wJh jynfcdkifNzdK;vTwfawmf udk,f
pm;vS,fawGtay:b,fvdkokH;
oyfygovJ/
ygwDudk,fpm;vS,fawGu
aeNyD ; vl x k & J U ud k , f p m;vS , f
awGtjzpf a&GUvsm;ajymif;vJ
vmwmjrif&w,f/ 'gaMumifh
vnf ; vuf & S d t ajctaerS m
Oya'eJYywfoufwJhudpawGrSm
trsKd;om;vTwfawmfeJY jynfolY
vT w f a wmf a y:rS m t,l t q
rwlnDwmawGudkawGU&w,f/
tenf;i,f t,ltqrwlwm
awGudk aqG;aEG;aewmawGU&
w,f/ ygwDwpfckwnf;uaeNyD;
tm;vk;H u wpfoyH ?J wpfrw
J nf;
yJqkdwJh taetxm;uae tqdk
wpfckudk 0dkif;aqG;aEG;r,f? 0dkif;
axmufcrH ,f? 0dik ;f uefu
Y u
G rf ,f
qkdwJhtaetxm;uae ausmf
vGefvmw,f? a&GUvsm;vm
w,f / tJ ' D t a&G U wpf c k u d k
ajymif;vJvmwJh taetxm;u
wu,fh 'Dru
dk a&pD vrf;aMumif;
ay:udk ajymif;vJvmw,fvdkY
jrifw,f/ tckvkdtwdkuftcH
ygwDjzpfwJh NLDuvnf; vTwf
awmfxu
J kd a&mufvmr,fq&dk if
wkdif;jynftwGuf ydkaumif;vm
r,fhtaetxm;&Sdw,fvdkYjrif
w,f/
a':atmif q ef ; pk M unf v T w f
awmf x J a &muf a &;u vT w f
awmfwGif;tajymif;vJudkb,f
avmuf t xd o uf a &muf r I & S d
r,fxifvJ/
wkdif;jynfrSmESpfaygif;rsm;
pGmjzpfaewJh jyemuwpfzuf
u EkdifiHawmftpkd;&eJY NLD ac:
a':atmifqef;pkMunfMum;u
jyem/ wpfzufeJYwpfzuf
tqifrajywJhtaMumif;awG
aMumifh wdkif;jynftqifrajy
jzpfaewJhtaetxm;uvnf;
tckajymif;vJvmwJh taet
xm;t& ES p f O D ; ES p f z uf wpf
zufeJYwpfzuf tmCmwawG
avQmch sr,f/ NLDuvnf; tm
CmwawG rxm;bl;vdq
Yk w
dk ,f/
wpfzufuvnf;tmCmwawG
avQmhcsr,fqkdwJh rl0g' udkifpJG
xm;&if wpf z uf e J Y w pf z uf
wlnDwJh[mawGudk yl;aygif;vkyf
r,f q k d w J h a jcvS r f ; u yd k N yD ;
awmh aygif;pnf;vmwJhOpmu
uRefawmfwkdYwkdif;jynftwGuf
tzd k ; rjzwf E k d i f w J h &v'f y g/
wkdif;jynf&JU tem*wfvSyzdkYt
wGuf t"duuswJhajcvSrf;yg/
90 a&G;aumufyJGwkef;uvdk
NLD u Mum;jzwfrSm tjywf
towf tEkdif&OD;r,fvdkY ,l
qygovm;/
vuf&t
dS aetxm; rSm ok;H
oyfMunhfr,fqkd&if NLD [m
0g&ifh ESpf&SnfMumwJh ygwDwpfck
jzpf N yD ; vl x k a cgif ; aqmif

qkdwJhtaetxm;uvnf; a':
atmif q ef ; pk M unf & J U acgif ;
aqmifrIqkdwJh yrmPBuD;rm;
w,f/ NyD;cJhwJha&G;aumufyJGudk
jyefMunhf&if twdkuftcHawG
uvnf; atmifjrifrI&cJhw,f/
jynfolawGu tEdkifay;cJhw,f
qd k a wmh tajymif ; tvJ u d k v d k
csifaewJhjynfolawGu tifef
t,fv'f u
D v
kd nf; trsm;pktEdik f
ay;r,f v d k Y arQmf v if h & w,f /
tck a &G ; aumuf y J G r S m NLD u
atmif j rif r I &Ek d i f v d r h f r ,f v d k Y
xifw,f/
u atmifedkifygw,f/ vlxku
tusyf t wnf ; trsKd ; rsKd ; eJ h
taMumuf w &m; trsKd ; rsKd ;
aMumifhom tm;vHk;u 'DEdkifiH
wpfck&JU tajymif;tvJudk a':
atmifqef;pkMunf tygt0if
EdkifiHtay:rSm tepfemcHcJhwJh
ol a wG u vk y f E d k i f v d r f h r ,f /
ajymif;vJEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY olwdkY
arQmfvifhw,fAs/ 'Drdkua&pD
tif t m;pk a wG a&G ; aumuf y G J
0ifr,fqdk&if jynfolvlxku
wpfcJeufjyefjyD;awmh rJay;rSm
yJAs/
tusO;f usawG ygwD0iftjzpfu
xGufay;p&mrvdkayr,fh ygwD
rS w f y H k w if j yD ; a&G ; aumuf y G J
0ifr,fqdkwJhtxd tusOf;om;
awG v T w f r ay;ao;wJ h t ay:
b,fvdkoHk;oyfygovJ/
tjyif r S m vnf ; a0zef a ewJ h
toHawG Mum;ae&ygw,f/ t
usOf;om;vTwfay;a&;awmif;
qd k w m uRef a wmf w d k Y & yf a erS m
r[kwb
f ;l av/ a&G;aumufy0JG if
a&;eJYtwl 'DudpawGu qufNyD;
oG m ;ae&rS m yJ / axmif x J r S m
&SdaewJh uRefawmfwdkY &Jabmf&J
bufawG jyefvTwfay;zdkYudk uRef
awmf w d k Y wpf N yd K if e uf w nf ;
aqmif&GufoGm;&rSmyJ/
tck qHk;jzwfcsufu EdkifiH&JU
EdkifiHa&; jyKjyifajymif;vJrSkudk
b,favmufxdoufa&mufrI
&Sdw,fvdkY xifygovJ/
'guawmh uRef a wmf w k d Y
BudK;pm;&rSmyJ/ jynfolvlxku
a':atmifqef;pkMunfudk ,Hk
Munfw,f/ 'DEdkifiHa&; t0ef;
t0dkif;rSm wdkif;&if;om;awG
tygt0if EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pk
awGtm;vH;k uvnf;a':atmif
qef ; pk M unf a y:rS m ,H k M unf
w,f/ 'Dtajymif;tvJtwGuf
olYwpfa,mufwnf;udk rSDwm
r[kwfbl;/ tiftm;pkawGtm;
vHk;0dkif;jyD;awmh tajymif;tvJ
twGuf jrifomwJhenf;vrf;udk
BudK;pm;&r,f/ 'Dvdkenf;eJY uRef
awmfwdkY ajymif;vJ&r,f/
OD;ode;f aqGudk a&G;aumufy0JG ifzYkd
ygwDu a&G;cs,cf &hJ if b,fvq
kd ;kH
jzwfrvJ/
uRefawmfhudk bmrS rajym
ao;ygbl;/ 'Dar;cGef;ajzzdkYt
wGufu enf;enf;awmh apmyg
ao;w,f/
(zsmykHNrdKUe,f?pnf;kH;a&; tzJGY0if) trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGUcsKyf (NLD)
1989wGif NLD vli,ftzJGU\ kH;tzJGUrSL; wm0efpwifxrf;aqmifcJhum aetdrftus,f

csKyt
f ygt0if ig;Burd w
f idk t
f usO;f usccH &hJ oljzpfonf/ tusO;f axmifrS vGwaf jrmufNy;D ygwD
wm0efrsm; qufvufxrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
'Dq;kH jzwfcsuu
f tifet
f ,fv'f D
twGif; pnf;vHk;nDGwfrIudk
wpfpw
kH pf&m oufa&mufrI &SEd ikd f
rvm;/
'gu ygwDtwGi;f rSm trsm;
oabmwlncD suef YJ qH;k jzwfcsuf
cscw
hJ mjzpfwt
hJ wGuf wpfpw
kH pf
&m oufa&mufrI BuD;BuD;rm;rm;
r&SdEdkifygbl;/
tifeft,fvf'D rSwfyHkwifNyD;
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJudk vpf
vyfae&m tm;vHk;rSm 0if? r0if
udk OD;odef;aqGtaeeJY b,fvdk
yHkpHrsKd; qHk;jzwfcJhvJ/
tJ'gu qHk;jzwfwJhxJrSm
uRefawmf rygbl;cifAs/ uRef
awmfu A[dktvkyftrIaqmif
wpfa,mufr[kwfwJhtwGuf
'Dar;cGef;udk ajzzdkYcufygw,f/
uRef a wmf h t aeeJ Y q k d & if a wmh
rSwfykHw ifwma&m? Mum;jzwf
0ifrSma&mudk axmufcH ygw,f/

OD;odef;aqGwpfOD;wnf; tae
eJ Y Mum;jzwf a &G ; aumuf y G J r S m
a': atmifqef;pkMunfukd ud,
k f
wdik af &G;aumufy0JG ifapcsiyf go
vm;/
a':atmifqef;pkMunfu
Edik if w
H umeJYa&m jynfwGif;rSmyg
owif ; tcsuf t vuf a wG
awmf a wmf r sm;rsm;ud k & w,f /
tJ'hDtcgusawmh uRefawmfwdkY
ajymwmeJpY m&ifa':atmifqef;
pkMunfu tcsuftvuf ydkjynfh
pHw
k t
hJ wGuf olUqH;k jzwfcsuu
f ykd J
uRef a wmf w d k Y tav;xm;yg
w,f/
tck ae&m 40 ausmu
f ykd J &atmif
BudK;pm;ygvdkY a':atmifqef;pk
Munfuajymxm;w,f/Mum;jzwf
a&G;aumufyGJudk tifeft,fvf'D
0ifjcif;tay: bmrsm; arQmfvifh
xm;ygovJ/
uRefawmfxifw,f/ jynf
olvlxkuvnf; ygwDrSwfyHk
wifNyD; a&G;aumufyGJ0ifzdkYudk 0if
apcsifw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYu
vnf; pOf;pm;wmu 'DedkifiHa&;
orm;awGu xyfjyD;awmh t
usyftwnf;Mum;rSm kef;uef&
r,fqdkvnf; qufaeMurSmyJ/
wpfck&Sdwmu uRefawmfwdkY
vl x k r suf E S m ud k Munf h & r,f /
vlxku t&rf;rGef;usyfaeNyD/
taxG a xG a ygh / usef ; rma&;?
ynma&;utp pD;yGm;a&;ut
p tpp usqif;aeNy/D tJ't
D ajc
taeawGudk jyefNyD;oHk;oyfay;
&r,f/ toGiful;ajymif;rIukd
Nidrf; Nidrf;csrf;csrf;eJY &Ekdifr,fh
enf;vrf;awGukd &Sm&vdrrhf ,fvYkd
xifygw,f/ 'DqHk;jzwfwmudk
vufcHygw,f/ tifeft,fvf'D
OD;&JxGef;
(jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f) &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD
OD;odef;nGefY
(jynfolUvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f) trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDygwDopf
trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzJUG csKy\
f A[kt
d vkyrf aI qmifaumfrwDwiG f yg0ifcNhJ y;D 2010 ygwDrS
cJGxGufum trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkygwDrS 0ifa&mufa&G;cs,fcH&m jynfolU vTwf
awmfu,
dk pf m;vS,t
f jzpf a&G;cs,cf &H onf/ trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtiftm;pkygwD(NDF)rS
EkwfxGufum 2011 trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDygwDopfudk wnfaxmifcJhonf/
NLD &JU qk;H jzwfcsuu

f kd wkid ;f &if;
om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
wpfa,muftaeeJY bmrsm;ajym
csifygovJ/
t&rf ; 0rf ; omNyD ; t&rf ;
arQmfvifhxm;wJhtajzyg/ a&G;
aumufyGJ0ifpOftcsdefuwnf;
u 0ifapcsiw
f myg/ 'gayrJh ygwD
0ifwpfa,mufu tusOf;uscH
&&if ygwD0iftjzpfu xkwyf ,f
&r,fqkdwmolwdkYygwDudk &nf
&G , f x m;wmjzpf a wmh 'D p nf ;
urf;udk zsufwJhtcsdefxdapmifh
wmvnf ; rS e f y gw,f / 'D a eY ' D
tcsdefawmh 'gawGvnf; &oGm;
NyD q k d a wmh 0rf ; omp&myg/
aemufxyftrsKd;om;nDGwf
a&;vrf;pvnf; pNyD;&w,fvdkY
xif w ,f / wk d i f ; &if ; om;wpf
a,muf t aeeJ Y qk d & if a wmh
vuf e uf u d k i f u d p a wG j zpf a e
wmawG NLD vT w f a wmf x J
a&mufvm&if ydkNyD;vG,fulr,f/
ajz&Sif;&wm ydkvG,fr,fv d k Y
xifw,f/
NLD 0ifa&;? r0ifa&;u jref
rmh E k d i f i H a &;tcif ; tusif ; rS m
b,favmufta&;ygw,fxif
ygvJ/
odyfta&;ygw,f/ t"du
avmufudkusw,f/ NyD;cJhwJha&G;
aumufyrGJ mS 0ifcw
hJ yhJ gwDawGu
tenf;pkyjJ zpfw,f/ aemufwpf
cku pNy;D ta&GUwpfcjk zpfw,fqdk
wm jywJo
h abmyJ&w
dS ,f/ NLD
ygw,f qkd&if ta&GUua&GUvm
NyDqkd jynfolvlxkua&m urm
uyg todtrSwfjyKwJh ta&GU
BuD;jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifhrkdY odod
omomyJ qkH;jzwfcsufcswJhaeY
rSm tar&duefEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef
BuD; vmvnfr,fwdkY? jrefrmudk
tmqD,HOu| &mxl;ay;r,f
wd?Yk Ekid if w
H um&JU wkjYH yefcsuaf wG
u NLD &JU qkH;jzwfcsufeJY qkdif
aewmaygh/ trsKd;om;nDGwf
a&;vrf;aMumif;ay:rSm t"du
uswJh qkH;jzwfcsufygyJ/
a':atmif q ef ; pk M unf u d k , f
wkdif0ifoifh? r0ifoifh b,fvdk
,lqygovJ/
a':pk 0 if w mawmh rS e f
w,f/ 0ifw,fqkdwmrSmvnf;
jynf o l Y v T w f a wmf u d k 0if w m
yd k a umif ; r,f v d k Y xif w ,f /
bmvdkYwkH;qkdawmh jynfolYvTwf
awmftrwfwpfa,muf taeeJY
vTwaf wmfxrJ mS ajymwmqkw
d m
u tpdk;&tzJGUxJrSm 0efBuD;wpf
a,mufjzpfwmxuf ydv
k w
G v
f yf
r,fvdkYxifygw,f/ vTwfawmf
trwf u jynf o l v l x k u d k y J
udk,fpm;jyKNyD;awmh ajymcsifwm
udk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf ajymvdkY&
w,f/ tpd;k &wm0efay;wJh tpd;k
&tzJUG 0if0efBu;D wpfa,mufjzpf
oGm;NyDqkd&ifawmh xdef;odrf;a&;
0w&m;awG? wm0efawG ydkrsm;
vmr,fvx
Ykd ifw,f/ vTwaf wmf
trwf w pf a ,muf t aeeJ Y q k d
&if 'Davmufwm0efawGrrsm;
awmhbl;/ vTwfawmfjyify EkdifiH
a&;udkvnf; vkyfvkdY&r,f/ rD'D
,mawGeJYvnf; vGwfvGwfvyf
vyfajymqkdaqG;aEG;cGifh&r,f/
'gajrprf;c&rf;ysKd;wmqkdawmh
2015 twGufvnf; NLD u
tifwu
dk t
f m;wku
d f vkyEf idk rf ,f/
vTwfawmf&JU vkyfykHudkifykHawGudk
vnf; a':atmifqef;pkMunf
u vT w f a wmf x J r S m &S d a e&if
trsm;BuD; tBuHay;vdkYjyKjyifvdkY
&Ekdifr,f/
NLD a&G;aumufyJG0if&if 90
wke;f uvdyk J tajctae aumif;
r,fvdkYxifygovm;/
a':pk u vk H v k H a vmuf
avmufrJqG,fpnf;kH;zdkY tcsdef
&r,f q k d & if 90 wk e f ; uvd k y J
NLD u ae&mtrsm;pk tEkdif&
r,fvdkY ,kHMunfygw,f/
NLD 0if ? r0if u Mum;jzwf
a&G;aumufyJGw&m;rQwrI &S?d r&Sd
tay:udak &m oufa&mufrI&SEd idk f
ygovm;/
ab;vlwpfa,muftaeeJY
rSe;f xm;wmuawmh a&G;aumuf
yJGuvGwfvyfNyD; w&m;rQwrI
&Sdr,fvdkYxifw,f/ taMumif;
uawmh ae&mawGvnf; odyf
rrsm;bl ; / tuk e f v k H ; tm;vk H ;
NLD Eki
d o
f mG ;vdv
Yk nf;vTwaf wmf
xJrmS jynfcidk Nf zKd ;&JU taetxm;
udk BuD;BuD;rm;rm; rxdckdufbl;/
qkdvkdwmu[kdbufuMunhf&if
yl;aygif;NyD; vufwJGvkyfEkdifwJh
vuf c H E k d i f w J h taetxm;&S d
w,f/ NyD;awmh cka&G;aumufyJG
aumfr&Sif Ou|&JU oabmxm;
wkdY? a&G;aumufyJGOya'wdkYu
uRefawmfwdkY jzwfoef;vmwJh
taetxm;eJY Munhf&if w&m;
rQwrI &Sdr,fvdkY? NyD;awmh EkdifiH
wumuvnf; apmifhMunhfae
wJt
h wGuf 'Dtcsed rf mS awmh Free
and Fair jzpfr,fvdkY xif w,f/
jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf
a&m NLD vTwfawmfxJ a&muf
vmrIu b,fvkdoufa&mufrI
&SdEkdifrvJ/
NLD vTwfawmfxJa&muf
vm&if t"du a':atmifqef;
pkMunfaygh/ olu vTwfawmfxJ
a&mufNyD; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;
aumfrwDrSm acgif;aqmifcGifh&
&if wkdif;&if;om;vufeufudkif
tzJGUtpnf;awGeJY vTwfawmf
Mum;rSm? tpdk;&Mum;rSm? aygif;
ul;tjzpf aqmif&u
G af y;Ekid v
f rd fh
r,f v d k Y j rif w ,f / ol Y u d k q k d & if
wkdif;&if;om;tzJGUtpnf;awG
u ,kHMunfrI&SdNyD;om;/ a':pk
BudK;pm;&rSmu tpkd;&bufu
tcuf t cJ a wG u d k em;vnf
atmifBudK;pm;zdkYyJ/ NyD;&ifawmh
tifeft,fvf'DygwDrSwfyHkwif
r,fqadk wmh ajymxm;wJt
h wkid ;f
ygwDzsufay;zkdY tqifoifhjzpfNyD
vm;/
OD ; 0if ; wif u ygwD p nf ;
rsOf;pnf;urf;awGt& vkyfr,f
vdkYajymxm;awmh uRefawmfu
vnf; tzGJUcsKyfpnf;rsOf;pnf;
urf;t& olwkdY&JUqEudkvnf;
em;axmif&ygr,f/ wpfzufu
vnf ; OD ; 0if ; wif w H k Y j yef o vk d
usefwJh wjcm;acgif;aqmifawG
b,fvw
dk jYkH yefovJqw
dk mapmifh
Munfh&ygr,f/ tzGJUcsKyfqkdwm
wpf y gwD w nf ; eJ Y zG J U xm;wm
r[k w f b l ; / toif ; tzG J U awG
pkaygif;w,fvkdY xifygw,f/
'gu rsO;f pnf;urf;qkid &f mjy
emyg/
tifet
f ,fv'f yD gwDukd jyef0if zkYd
qE&Sdygovm;/
ESpfaygif; 20 ausmf ygcJh
wmyJ / oH a ,mZOf & S d y gw,f /
'DygwDrmS a&SUqufNy;D yg&r,fqdk
vnf; pkaygif; acgif;aqmifrIudk

vkdvm;ygw,f/
tifeft,fvf'DygwD rSwfyHkwif
a&;? rwifa&;u jrefrmh Ekid if aH &;
tcif;tusif;rSm b,favmuf
txdta&;ygovJ/
ta&;ygwmaygh/ tzGJUcsKyf
uvnf; w&m;0ifvrf;aMumif;
ay:a&mufoGm;w,f/ wpfzuf
uvnf; tifet
f ,fv'f yD gwDu
rSwyf w
kH ifvu
dk w
f t
hJ wGu2f 010
a&G;aumufyGJ&JU w&m;0ifrIvrf;
aMumif; tm;aumif;vmw,f/
ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf aumif;Muygw,f/
tJ'ahD y:rSm rlwnfNyD;awmh Ekid if H
tusKd ; twG u f usef w mawmh
tao;pdwfrajymayr,fh trsKd;
om;tiftm;pkawGjzpfwJh wyf
rawmf&,f? wkdif;&if;om;acgif;
aqmifawG&,f trsKd;om;tif
tm;pk abmif t wG i f ; uae
qif;&JaewJhwkdif;jynftwGuf
taumif;qHk;vkyfEkdifwJhtajc
tae&Ekid rf mS yg/ 'gutaumif;
qHk;ajymif;vJwmyg/
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJrSm 48
ae&mvH;k 0ifr,ft
h ifet
f ,fv'f D
ygwDu 90 wke;f uvkd tjywft
owftEkdif&zdkY jzpfEkdifrvm;/
tJ'gawmh uRefawmfrod
bl;/ ajymEkdifwmuawmh vGefcJh
wJ{h Nyv
D u uReaf wmfwyYdk gwDu
aMunmxm;wJh ta&G;cHzkdY oHk;
ae&mrSmawmh 0ifNydKifzkdY&Sdw,f/
uRefawmfwkdY vsmxm;wJhae&m
rSm a':atmifqef;pkMunf0if
NyKd irf ,fq&dk ifawmh aemufqw
k f
ay;r,f/ olwpfa,mufwnf;
udkyJajymwmyg/ wjcm;olqkd&if
awmh qkwfray;bl;/
a':atmifqef;pkMunf ukd,f
wkid af &G;aumufy0JG if? r0if b,f
vkdjrifygovJ/ OD;odef;GefYu
qEb,fvkd&SdygovJ/
'gu olqHk;jzwf&r,fhudp
yg/ uRefawmfhoabmuawmh
ol vTwfawmfxJa&mufvm&if
aumif ; wmaygh / trsKd ; om;
acgif;aqmif&JU orD;u vTwf
awmf x J a&muf v m&if uRef
awmfu olYudk ulnDay;r,f/
axmufcHay;r,f/
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyrJG mS tifef
t,fvf'DygwDeJY jynfckdifNzdK;yJ
t"duNydKifr,fh taetxm;&Sd
awmh tifeft,fvf'DygwD t
ay:rSm b,favmuftxd ,Hk
Munfxm;vJ/
tm;vHk; BudK;pm;&rSmyg/
ol w k d Y B ud K ;pm;wJ h t cgrS m uRef
awmfwYdk BudK;pm;wJt
h ajctaeeJY
rwlygbl;/ wkdYryg&if b,folrS
rJ r ay;eJ Y oyd w f a rS m uf q k d w J h
tajctaerSm uRefawmfwkdYu
0ifcJh&wm/ ckawmh uRefawmfwkdY
u 'Dvkdrvkyfygbl;/ 'guawmh
uGmwmyg/
vTwaf wmftwGi;f tifet
f ,fvf
'DygwDuae&mtcsKdU &cJh&if bm
awG ajymif;vJvmEkdifrvJ/
'guawmhuReaf wmfrajym
csifygbl;/ olwkdYajym&rSmyg/
xm;NyD; vkyfr,fvdkY ajymawmh

'Dtcsufudkawmh uRefawmfht
aeeJeY nf;enf;apmaeao;w,f
vkdY jrifw,f/ zJGUpnf;ykHrSm csKdU
,Gi;f csut
f m;enf;csuaf wG&adS y
r,fh vufawGUvkyfMunhfvkduf
wJhtcgrSm xifoavmuf rqkd;
bl;qkdwmudkawGUw,f/ ta&;
BuD;wmu NLDu vTwfawmf
xJrSm vkHavmufwJh tiftm;
r&Sad o;bl;/ ta&;BuD;wJh Oya'
awG u vnf ; 75 &mck d i f E I e f ;

axmufcHrS? NyD;awmhvnf; qE
cH,lyJGvkyfNyD;rS jyifvkdY&r,f/ 'D
awmh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyJGu
ae trwfwcsKdUa&mufvmwm
eJ Y a wmh vk y f v k d Y r &ao;bl ; vk d Y
xif w ,f / uRef a wmf h q E u
awmh trwfawGMum;rSm tjyef
tvSefem;vnfrI&Sdatmif vkyf
NyD;rS a&SUqufapcsifw,f/
olYtaeeJY Mum;uae atmif

atmifjrifjrif aqmif&GufEkdif
r,fvdkY ,kHMunfw,f/
zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyKjyif
a&;udk NLD u wpfpkdufrwf
rwf a jymvmaecJ h a wmh NLD
vTwfawmfxJa&mufvm&if zJGU
pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'jyifqifa&;
udptay:rSm b,fvkd ouf
a&mufrI&SdEdkifygovJ/
olwdkYraeYu 'gudk t"du
uefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
[Dvm&Duvifwef jrefrmEkdifiHvmrnf
bmvD(tif'dkeD;&Sm;)?
Ekd0ifbm - 18
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; wkd;wufrI
&v'frsm;udk pl;prf;aomtm;jzihf
tar&dueforw tdk;bm;rm;
u if;onf EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;
[Dvm&Duvifweftm; jrefrm
EkdifiHokdY vmrnhf'DZifbmvwGif
apvT w f r nf j zpf a Mumif ; ajym
Mum;vkdufonf/
rpuvifwef jrefrmEdkifiH
odkY a&muf&Sdygu ,if;rSm ESpf
aygif;ig;q,ftwGif; tar&d
uefEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD; wpfOD;
jrefrmEkdifiHodkY yxrqkH; w&m;
0if tvnftywfc&D;jzpfvm
rnfjzpfonf/
if;\ ta&SUawmiftm&S
odkY oHwrefc&D;pOftwGif; tdk
bm;rm;u ]]wdk;wufrI twGuf
orkdif;0iftcGihfta&;wpf &yf
jzpfEkdifr,hft&mwpfckudk uRef
awmf w d k Y &,l c sif y gw,f / NyD ;
awmhvnf; wu,fvdkY jrefrm
EkdifiH[m 'Drkdu&ufwpfjyKjyif
ajymif;vJa&;vrf;ray: quf
c&D;oGm;r,fqkd&if uRefawmfwdkY
aocsm&Sif;vif;apcsifygw,f/
'D t cG i h f t a&;u tar&d u ef
jynfaxmifpkeJY qufqHa&;opf
wpf&yfukd yko
H iG ;f ay;Ekid yf gw,f}}
[kajymonf/
uef o r w onf bmvD
odYk Air Force One av,mOfjzihf
xGufcGmvmpOf Mumoyaw; n
(17? Ekd0ifbm) uvnf; EkdA,f
qk&iS f a':atmifqef;pkMunfEiS fh
zkef;qufpum;ajymcJhaMumif;
ueftpdk;&xdyfwef; t&m&Sdwpf
OD;uajymonf/
uef t pd k ; &u rp u vif
wef\c&D;pOfudk tdkbm;rm;\
jrefrmtay: ay:vpD\ atmif
jrif r I t jzpf I j rif x m;onf /
tar&duefonf jrefrmtay:
ydwfqdkYrItopfrsm; jyKvkyfxm;
aomfvnf; (EkdifiHa&;)tajct
ae ajymif;vJygu ykrd akd umif;rGef
aom qufqHa&;udk wHcg;zGihf
ay;xm;rnf j zpf a Mumif ; &S i f ;
vif;pGmajymMum;xm;onf/
]]ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tarSmif
twd zkH;vTrf;cJhNyD;aemuf 'D&uf
owywftenf;i,frSmyJ wdk;
wufrIt&dyfta,mifawG uRef
awmf w d k Y jrif v m&ygw,f } }[k
tdkbm;rm;u qkdonf/ odkYaomf

if;u jrefrm\ vlYtcGihfta&;
rSwfwrf;rsm;udk ylyefaeqJjzpf
aMumif;qdkonf/ 0efBuD;uvif
wef\ c&D;pOfonf EkdifiHa&;jyK
jyifajymif;vJrIrsm;? wpfOD;csif;
vlt
Y cGit
fh a&;rsm;ESifh trsK;d om;
jyefvnfpnf;vkH;nDGwfa&;wdkY
twGuf wdk;wufrI&Sd&ef tar&d
uefu rnfokdYaxmufyHhay;Ekdif
rnfudk &SmazGoGm;rnf[k od&
onf/

orw tdkbm;rm;onf
jrefrmorwOD;ode;f pdeEf iS fh aom
MumaeY Ekd0ifbm 18 &ufwGif
ta&SUawmiftm&SxdyfoD; aqG;
aEG;yJGumvtwGif; awGUqkHrnf
jzpfonf/
Source: AP
tcsyfykd(A)? OD;jrihfvIdif rS
ol w d k Y u awmh Ek d i f i H a &;yd k v k y f
zl;wJholawG rsm;wmaygh/ olwdkY
vmwJt
h cgusawmh wkid ;f jynf&UJ
wu,fhudpawGrSm tBuHPf
ay;Ekdifwmaygh/ orwBuD;u
vnf ; aemuf u [mawG x m;
NyD;awmh a&SUudkwkd;wufzdkY? vkyf
r,fxifw,f/ wkid ;f jynfu acwf
aemufusefcJhwJhtwGuf wkdif;
jynftwGuf aumif;atmifvyk f
wJholawGudk bmrS tmCmw
xm;p&mrvdkbl;/
a':atmif q ef ; pk M unf u d k , f
wkdif 0ifNydKif? rNydKiftay:rSm
oabmxm;ajymygOD ; / a':
atmifqef;pkMunf0ifNydKifoifh
w,fvdkYxifvm;/
'gu wpfrsKd;awmh jzpfoGm;
r,f/ olNydKif&if? &mxl;ae&m
awGrSm? tBuD;awGrSm vpfvyf
wJah e&mr&Sad wmhb;l / ygwDOu|
taeeJY aevkduf&if aumif;r

vm;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf olYqkH;jzwf
csufrSmawmh rlwnfrSmyg/ uRef
awmf w k d Y x uf o l u yd k N yD ; awmh
EkdifiHa&;tawGUtBuHKawG ydk&Sd
wJhtwGuf olqkH;jzwfwmu ydk
aumif;rSmyg/ uRefawmfwdkYu
awmh ae&mwpf a e&mawmh &
apcsif w maygh / rsKd ; quf
raysmufapcsifbl;/ olryg&if
awmif olt
Y zJUG uawmh ygudyk g&
rSm/
t&ifa&G;aumufyGJ tajctae
eJYrwlwmutckavmavmq,f
rD'D,mrSm awmfawmfav; a&;
om;cGi&hf vmawmh jynfcidk Nf zKd ;t
rwftaeeJYrD',
D meJYywfoufNy;D
b,fvdk ylyefrIrsKd; &SdygovJ/
uRefawmfuawmh rD'D,m
vGwfvyfcGifh&av ydkaumif;
avaygh / wcsKd U awG u awmh
tdk;aqG;aewmawG usefae
ao;wmudk;/ EkdifiHwkd;wufzdkY
twG u f y J t"d u vk y f & rS m yg/
aemufausmrvkHwJholuawmh
odyfrvkdcsifbl; ajymrSmaygh/
jynfolvlxktay:pdrfh0ifEdkif
rI? vTrfrkd;EkdifrItm;rSm jynf
ckdifNzdK;ygwDu b,favmufxd
,kHMunfxm;vkdY &EdkifygovJ/
avmavmq,f r S m awmh
odyfrjzpfEkdifao;bl;/ 'DEkdifiHrSm
tckcsdefu t&ifursKd;qufawG
trsm;BuD;usefao;wJhtwGuf
wjznf;jznf;vkyNf y;D awmhorw
BuD;eJYaygif;NyD;b,favmufxd
vkyfEkdifrvJqkdwm jynfckdifNzdK;
ygwDtaeeJY BudK;pm;&r,f/ wpf
csdefu uwdu0wfay;NyD; rvkyf
ay;Ekdif&if aemufususefcJhrSm/
wkdif;jynfwkd;wufzdkYtwGuf yl;
aygif;NyD;vkyfzdkYawmhvdkw,f/
vpfvyfrJqEe,f&Sdjynfolrsm; rJay;cGifh&rnf
2010 a&G;aumufyu
GJ a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufvu
dk af om vTwaf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;teuf tpd;k &
tzJGUtwGif;a&muf&SdoGm;onfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf vTwfawmftwGif; vpfvyfoGm;aom
pkpak ygif; 48 ae&mudk tpm;xd;k Ekid &f ef a&G;aumufwifajrm uf cGi&hf &Srd nfh Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyu
GJ kd
rMumrDusif;yrnfjzpfonf/
tqdkyg vpfvyfae&m ae&m 48 ae&mrSm jynfolYvTwfawmfwGifae&m 40? trsKd;om;
vTwaf wmfwiG f 6ae&m? wkid ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmfwiG f 2ae&mjzpfonf/ vpfvyfrq
J Ee,frsm;tm;
oufqkdif&m rJqEe,fwGif aexkdifolrsm; BudKwifavhvmEkdif&ef pkpnf;azmfjyvkduf&ygonf/
Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyJGusif;y&rnfU rJqEe,frsm;
1/ ucsifjynfe,f
(u) jynfolYvTwfawmf(3)ae&m
- zm;uefY? rkd;aumif;? Aef;armf
(c) trsKd;om;vTwfawmf
- r&Sd
(*) jynfe,fvTwfawmf
- r&Sd
2/ ppfudkif;wkdif;a'oBuD;
- ppfukdif;? ykvJ? rif;uif;
(c) trsKd;om;vTwfawmf(2)ae&m
- uefYbvl? uRef;vS? a&OD;? wefYqnf?
Aef;armuf? aumvif;? 0ef;odk? yifvnfbl;
(*)wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf
- r&Sd
3/ weoFm&Dwkdif;a'oBuD;
- uRef;pk? avmif;vkH
- r&Sd
(*) wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf
- r&Sd
4/ yJcl;wkdif;a'oBuD;
- awmifil? xef;wyif? oeyfyif? vufyHwef;
- tkwfwGif;? xef;wyif
(*) wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf(1)ae&m - u0-2
5/ rauG;wkdif;a'oBuD;
- rauG;? a&pBudK? NrdKif? yckuL? yGifhjzL
- awmifwGif;BuD;
- r&Sd
6/ rEav;wkdif;a'oBuD;
- ZALoD&d? ykAoD&d? 'udPoD&d? Ow&oD&d?
ausmufyef;awmif;? EGm;xkd;BuD;?
r[matmifajr? wHwm;OD;? rdwv
D m? jyifO;D vGif
- r&Sd
- r&Sd
7/ rGefjynfe,f
- armfvNrdKif
- r&Sd
(*) jynfe,fvTwfawmf
- r&Sd
8/ &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;
- aumhrSL;? okH;cG? '*kH(qdyfurf;)?
r*FvmawmifnGefY? vSnf;ul;? r&rf;ukef;
- r&Sd
(*) wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf
- r&Sd
9/ &Srf;jynfe,f
- uavm
- vm;Id;? wefY,ef;? rkdif;&,f? odED? uGrf;vkH
(*) jynfe,fvTwfawmf
- r&Sd
10/ {&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD;
- ykodrf? rtlyif?ajrmif;jr? 0g;c,fr? jrefatmif
- zsmykH? a';'&J
(*) wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf (1)ae&m - a&Munf-2
vTwfawmfwGif;a&muf
a&;u Ekid if w
H umrSm vTwaf wmf
&JU w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKrIudk
oufa&mufrI&Sdw,fvdkY ajymMu
w,f/ tJ'Day:bmajymcsifyg
ovJ/
'guawmh tJ ' geJ Y a wmh
rqk d i f y gbl ; / vT w f a wmf B uD ;
ay:aygufvmvdYk e*ku
d wnf;u
NLD
vnf; wkdYvTwfawmfBuD;ukd EkdifiH

wumuvnf ; axmuf c H v m
wmyJ/ NLDeJYawmh bmrSrqkdif
bl;/ vTwaf wmfBu;D u ay:ayguf
NyD;om;yJ/ ajcmufv? ckepfv
twG i f ; rS m awmif trsm;BuD ;
wk d ; wuf v mygNyD / tck v T w f
awmf B uD ; vk y f a evd k Y b,f
avmufajymif;vJvmw,fqkd
wm tm;vkH;todygyJ/ olwdkY
awGygvmwmawmh ydkaumif;
oGm;wmaygh/ olwdkYawGu vGef
cJhwJhESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u
ay:aygufvmwJh ygwDjzpfvdkY
yl;aygif;NyD; vkyfr,fqkd&ifawmh
ydkaumif;wmaygh/

A&G Aumufygj 0 Ifrnf

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

A&G Aumufygj 0 Ifrnf

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

http://www.7daynewsjournal.

2002 rwf 7 wGif pwifxkwfa0onf

1373 ckESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vjynhfausmf 14 &uf ? Mumoyaw;? (Ekd0ifbm 24 ? 2011)

ponhf ,ckwpfywftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiH\ EkdifiHa&;qkdif&m jzpfay:ajymif;vJrI

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

vTwfawmfESpf&yf oabmxm;uJGcJhaom qkH;jzwfcsuf y,fzsuf

u Ekd0ifbm 18 &ufwGif y,f

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

vm ig;aomif;jyEkid &f if qdyu

wm0ef x rf ; aqmif a eol r sm;

aps;oufomonhf wmwmemEkdum;rsm;ukd pdwful;,OfcJhaom jrefrmjynfolrsm; tdEd,ukefpnfjyyGJwGif ,if;um;rsm;rygonhftwGuf vufrIdifcscJh&onf

jynfwGif;tcGefpepfaMumifh wmwmemEkdum;rsm; vma&mufa&mif;cs&ef tcufawGY

xGufrnfU pyg;tvm;tvm wGufNyD;rS jynfyydkhrnfUyrmPqkH;jzwf&ef v,f^qnf0efBuD;ajym

EkdifiHwdkY a&BuD;rIaMumifh jrefrmh

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

jrefrmhkyf&SifqifqmESifh ywfoufjyD; kyf&Sifavmuom;rsm; pmwrf;jyK

]]jrefrmhyk &f iS af vmurSm qifqm&Sd

wpfapmifukd wifoGif; NyD;NyDjzpfaMumif;

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

&xm;vufrSwfcwuf ta0;ajy;,mOfvkdif;rsm;ukd a&G;cs,fvm

ta0;ajy;,mOfvidk ;f rsm;xufyif aps;jriho

jcif;rSm 0efaqmifrIt& ta0;

b,f vd k u srvJ r od a o;bl ; /

ajctaeES i f h rD ; &xm;wJ G jyif

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

rD;owfum;rsm; rD;avmif&modkY vG,fuljrefqefpGmoGm;Ekdif&ef

Command and Control Cen-

rsm;udk vmrnfhESpf Zefe0g&D

a&T*kHwkdif&Sd rD;avmifuRrf;aeaom taqmufttkHukd rD;jidrf;owfaeonhf rD;owf,mOfwpfpD;

ESifh yl;aygif; aqmhzf0Ja&;qGJ

w,f / rD ; ab;tE & m,f u m

owfwyfzUJG 0iftiftm; 28282

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

tifwmeufrS oduRrf;oludk,Hkaom rdef;uav; vlESifUypnf;rsm; vdrfvnfcH&

r&SdbJ aysmufqHk;cJhonf/ r--\

&ufu rHk&GmNrdKUokYd a&muf&Sdvm

aygif;wefzdk; usyf 17 odef;cefY

,l-23trsdK;om;abmvk;H toif; aMu;&

jrefrm ,l-23toif;ESifh AD,uferftoif;wdkY tBudwfte,f,SOfNydKifMupOf

"mwfykH Getty Images

aqmif;&moDwGif rkefwkdif;wpfBudrf jzpfay:EkdifNyD;

wGif avzdtm;enf;&yf0ef; okH;

ydNk y;D ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f a'oBu;D atmuf

udkyg wpfcgwnf; azmufvkyf

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

rl v wef ; Bud K t&G , f q k d a yr,f h ck w if a v;awG e J Y

Muufom;ig;ydcsuftwGuf Muufom;tom; 15 usyfom;?

t&ifq;kH Muufom;udjk yKw?f jyKwNf y;D om;tom;udt

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

uav;oli,ftcGifUta&;rsm;qkdif&m txdrf;trSwfaeh usif;y

vlrIa&; tzGJYtpnf;rsm;rS yHhydk;rI

OD;BuD;jrifhu ajymonf/ &yf&Gm

oDw*lomoemjyKtzGJYESifhxl;azmifa';&Sif; yl;aygif;um rsufpda0'em&Sifrsm;udk tcrJhcGJpdwf

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

pm-9? tif;vsm;uefaygifay:u ,rum0dkif;rsm; rS

tarUtdrfynm'geausmif;odkh a':atmifqef;pkMunfESifUtwl NAdwdef0efBuD;oGm;a&muf

,mOfwdrf;arSmuf aoqHk;? 'Pf&m&olrsm;udk rxota0;ajy;u avsmfaMu;ay;

wdrf;arSmufrIjzpfcJhonhf e,l;rEvmxGef; c&D;onfwif,mOf

vrf ; ab;xk d ; qif ; um wd r f ;

vsm;uef\ tvS a&&Snfwnf

Vol.10, No.36 November 24, 2011

uav;oli,f nOf;yef;ESdyfpufrIEIef; ,ckESpftwGif; ykdrdkrsm;jym;vm[k World Vision wm0ef&SdolajymMum;