Pennsylvania V.

Mimms
During a Traffic Stop, the officer can order the person out of the vehicle at any time.
Tennessee V. Garner
A Police Officer in pursuit of a fleeing subject, the officer may not use deadly force to prevent escape,
unless the officer has probable cause that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical
injury to the officer or others.
Terry V. Ohio
If a Police Officer has reasonable suspicion based on specific or articulable facts that a person has
committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime, he / she may conduct a pat-down / frisk on the
person.
Illinois V. Caballes
The Fourth Amendment is not violated when the use of a drug-sniffing dog during a routine traffic stop does
not unreasonably prolong the length of the stop.
Maryland V. Wilson
A Police Officer making a traffic stop may order passengers to get out of the car.
Whren V. U.S
Any traffic violation committed by a driver is a legitimate reason for a traffic stop.
Brendlin V. California
During a Traffic Stop, all occupants are considered “seized”, meaning they cannot lawfully leave without
permission.
Miranda V. Arizona
Any statements that a defendant in custody makes during an interrogation are admissible in the court of
law, only if an officer made the defendant aware of their Miranda Rights. Issuing Miranda Rights are
necessary when a defendant is in custody or being interrogated about a crime. (You do not have to read
one's rights if you are not planning on questioning the suspect.)
Minnesota V. Dickerson
When a police officer who is conducting a lawful patdown search for weapons feels something that is plainly
contraband, the object may be seized even though it is not a weapon.
Carroll v. U.S
Police may conduct a warrantless search of a vehicle stopped on traffic if there is probable cause to believe
that the vehicle contains contraband or evidence.
Georgia V. Randolph
Police cannot conduct a warrantless search in a home where one occupant consents and the other objects.
Chimel V. California
Police Officers arresting a person at home could not search the entire home without a search warrant, but
may search the area within their immediate control.
I.e. A Warrantless Search may be conducted on a vehicle, handbag, etc.
Illinois V. Wardlow
Unprovoked flight or evasive behavior by someone from an identifiable police officer (marked patrol car), as
well as being in a high crime area, provide reasonable suspicion for a stop and frisk.
Riley V. California
Police must obtain a warrant in order to search digital information on a cell phone seized from an individual
who has been arrested.
Mapp V. Ohio
Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used as evidence cannot be used in the court of law.
Missouri v. McNeely
Police must obtain a warrant before subjecting a drunken-driving suspect to a blood test, and the natural
metabolism of blood alcohol does not establish a per se exigency that would justify a blood draw without
consent.