Walls

Engr.Maria
Walls:
• A continuous vertical brick or stone
structure that encloses or divides an
area of land.
• A vertical structure that divides or
encloses something.
• A structure of brick, stone, etc., that
surrounds an area or separates one
area from another.
Walls:
Types of walls
• According to load bearing tendency
• According to material of construction
• According to function
Load bearing tendency
• Load bearing
• Non load bearing
Load bearing walls:
• A load-bearing wall or bearing wall is a wall that is an active structural
element of a building, which holds the weight of the elements above it,
by conducting its weight to a foundation structure below it.
• A load-bearing wall is responsible for distributing loads to the ground.
• A wall which is constructed to support the above slab or other building
elements in a structure is called a load-bearing wall.
• A load bearing wall is a structural element that is used to carry, in
addition to its own weight, the loads imposed on it from the roof and
floors.
• Example: exterior walls, masonry walls, wall perpendicular to joist etc.
Non-load bearing wall:
• A non-load-bearing wall, sometimes called a
partition wall, is responsible only for holding
itself up, plus a few lightweight items like
shelves, pictures, and interior doors.
• Non load bearing wall is a structural element
that supports its own weight and does not
contribute to overall stability of building.
• Examples: Hollow Concrete Block Wall, Hollow
Bricks Wall, Brick Walls, clay brick walls
Main features of non-load bearing walls
• A non-load bearing wall doesn’t support floor roof loads above.
• It is not a part of the structural frame system.
• Most of the time, they are interior walls whose purpose is to divide
the floor into rooms.
• They are built lighter to reduce the dead load of the structure.
• One can remove any non-load bearing walls without endangering the
safety of the building.
• Non-load bearing walls can be identified by the joists and rafters.
• They are not responsible for gravitational support for the property. It
is cost effective.
Material of construction
• Brick masonry
• Stone masonry
• Reinforced brick masonry
• R.C.C walls
• Hollow walls
• Composite masonry walls
Brick masonry wall
Stone masonry
Reinforced brick masonry
R.C.C walls
Hollow walls
Hollow walls
• A cavity wall is a type of wall that has a hollow center. They can be described as consisting of two
"skins" separated by a hollow space.
• Walls constructed with an air space within the masonry, termed hollow or cavity walls, are
commonly used in modern building construction
• a hollow wall should prevent the passage of moisture through the wall, and by providing an air
space in the wall, make the building much cooler
• The inner wall is called as internal leaf and outer wall is called as external leaf. Cavity wall is also
called as Hollow wall.
• Hollow are also load bearing walls.
• Hollow walls are walls that have cavities
• Advantages of providing cavity walls:
1. To improve thermal and noise reducing properties.
2. To save material and cost.
3. To reduce dampness.
Hollow walls
• To improve thermal and noise reducing properties of walls
• Hollow bricks and blocks are frequently used for reducing movement
of heat and sound through the walls.
Hollows walls:
• Cavity or hollow walls are also constructed at site.
• These walls have two thin walls constructed with a small gap of about
5 to 10 cm and are connected together by steel connecting anchors to
hold them together.
• Some times one of the walls is thicker to carry load and the other wall
is thin to provide a hollow cavity.
• The cavity is provided to make heat barrier and is filled with insulation
material.
• The cavity wall construction also checks seepage of water which
remains limited to the thickness of the outer wall only
According to function:
• Partition walls
• Hollows walls
Partition walls
• A partition wall defined as a wall or division made up of bricks,
studding, glass or other such material and provided for dividing from
one room to another
• Partitions walls are non-load bearing walls that are used to separate
the internal space of building into rooms and circulation areas
• A partition wall is a divider wall, typically non load bearing, used to
separate spaces in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings