UNIVERSITY OF JOS

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

INTEGRATED SCIENCE EDUCATION

MAT.NO: UJ/2018/ED/1728
NAME: KOPCHI SILAS KINGSLEY

EDU 402 ASSIGNMENT

Questions

1. (a). Prepare a table of specifications for a of your choice taught in senior secondary
level. The table should cover four topics taught in 6, 4, 3 and 2 period.
(b). Construct four multiple choice items to measure the following learning
outcomes level
i. Remembering
ii. Understanding
iii. Applying
iv. Evaluating
Just one item per objective level
2. What type of validity and reliability will you determine for the test containing the
four items?

Answers
1. (a). A table of specifications for 50 items in Biology taught in senior secondary
level. Covering four topics taught in 6, 4, 3 and 2 period.

Topics Periods Percen 20% 20% 20% 15% 15% 10% Tot
tage al

Rem Under Appl Analy Evalua Cre

emb standi ying sing ting atin
ering ng g
Ecology 6 40% 4 4 4 3 3 2 20
Genetics 4 27% 3 3 3 2 2 1 14
Evolution 3 20% 2 2 2 1 1 1 10
Cell biology 2 13% 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
Total 15 10 10 10 10 8 7 5 50

(b). Four multiple choice items to measure the following learning outcomes level
i. Remembering
ii. Understanding
iii. Applying
 iv. Evaluating
i. Remembering (Knowledge):
Question: Which of the following is the correct definition of photosynthesis?
A) The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy
B) The process by which animals convert food into energy
C) The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen
D) The process by which animals convert oxygen into carbon dioxide

Correct Answer: A) The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy
ii. Understanding (Comprehension):
Question: Explain in your own words the concept of supply and demand in economics.
A) Supply and demand refer to the relationship between the availability of a product and
its price in the market.
B) Supply and demand refer to the relationship between the quantity of a product
demanded by consumers and the quantity supplied by producers.
C) Supply and demand refer to the balance between consumers' needs and produ’ers'
resources.
D) Supply and demand refer to the government’s control over the production and
distribution of goods.

Correct Answer: A) Supply and demand refer to the relationship between the availability
of a product and its price in the market.
iii. Applying (Application):
Question: A company is facing declining sales due to changes in consumer preferences.
Develop a marketing strategy that could help the company regain market share.
A) Increase prices to improve profit margins

B) Launch a new advertising campaign targeting a younger demographic

C) Expand product offerings to include more options for customers
D) Reduce production costs to lower prices and attract budget-conscious consumers

Correct Answer: B) Launch a new advertising campaign targeting a younger demographic

iv. Evaluating (Evaluation):
Question: Compare and contrast two different economic systems (capitalism and
socialism) in terms of their impact on income distribution.
A) Capitalism promotes income equality, while socialism leads to income inequality.
B) Capitalism encourages competition, while socialism promotes cooperation.
C) Capitalism allows for individual wealth accumulation, while socialism focuses on
collective ownership.
D) Capitalism prioritizes government intervention, while socialism emphasizes free-
market principles.

Correct Answer: C) Capitalism allows for individual wealth accumulation, while

socialism focuses on collective ownership.
3. A type of validity and reliability to determine for the test containing the four items.

To determine the validity and reliability of the test containing the four items above,
we would need to assess both aspects separately:

1. Validity:
- Content Validity: This type of validity assesses whether the items on the test are
relevant and representative of the content or construct being measured. To
determine content validity for the test, we would need to ensure that the items cover
the key concepts or skills intended to be assessed (e.g., knowledge, comprehension,
application, evaluation).
- Construct Validity: This type of validity examines whether the test accurately
measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure. In this case, we would
need to confirm that the test items align with the specific cognitive levels
(remembering, understanding, applying, evaluating) and learning objectives.

2. Reliability:
- Test-Retest Reliability: This type of reliability assesses the consistency of test
scores over time. To determine test-retest reliability for the test, we would
administer the same test to a group of participants on two separate occasions and
examine the correlation between their scores.
- Internal Consistency Reliability: This type of reliability evaluates how
consistently different items on the test measure the same construct. We can
calculate internal consistency using methods like Cronbach’s alpha to assess how
well the items on the test are related to each other.

By evaluating the validity and reliability of the test containing the four items above,
we can ensure that it accurately measures the intended constructs and produces
consistent results.