FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

PMB 1526 OWERRI IMO STATE,

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

A REPORT OF SIX (6) MONTHS INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE

UNDERTAKEN AT

PRESTIGE PAINTS COMPANY LTD

ADDRESS: KM 2 AJEGUNLE ROAD, OGUN STATE

SUBMITTED BY

IWUANYANWU JENNIFER AMARACHI

REGISTRATION NUMBER: 20191165745

TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY,

FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES

COURSE: SIWES 400

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

MAY 2024

I
 DEDICATION

It is of pleasure that I dedicate this SIWES report to the Almighty God whose grace,

wisdom, mercy and strength has been with me throughout my life and academic

pursuit to this stage irrespective of the challenges and obstacles. And to my wonderful

parents and my Industry based supervisor; for all the knowledge impacted on me

during the course of my SIWES.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, my profound gratitude goes to God Almighty for His divine assistance and

knowledge during the industrial training. My unalloyed appreciation goes to my

industrial based supervisor and other lecturers for their guidance and encouragement

during the period. May the Almighty God reward and bless you all in thousands folds.

I’m indeed grateful.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction to SIWES

1.2 Aims and oblectives of SIWES

1.3 When was SIWES established

1.4 Why was SIWES established

1.5 Success recorded by SIWES

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Definition of paint

2.1 The history of paint

2.2 Component of paints

2.3 Raw materials used in paint production

2.4 Description of operational section and unit in De-Real

2.5 Paint mixing equipment

2.6 Some kind of paints and their uses

CHAPTER THREE

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3.0 Process involved in paint production

3.1 Production of 200 litres of cream emulsion paint

3.2 Production of 40 litres green gloss paint

3.3 Production of 100 litres of brown semi-gloss paints

3.4 Production of 300 litres of white Tex-Coat paint

3.5 Quality control/assurance measures in paint production

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Conclusion

4.2 Recommendation

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES

The student work experience scheme (SIWES) is a worldwide program practiced in

countries like Japan, Australia, USA, Europe, and in African countries too. It is a six

(6) months students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) taken in the third

year of the degree program, where the students go to various establishments related to

their course of study. The program was initially introduced in Nigeria by the

Industrial Training Fund (I.T.F.). One of the key functions of the ITF is to work as

cooperative body with industry and commerce where students in institutions of higher

learning can undertake mid-career work experience attachment in industries which are

compatible with student’s area of study.

The students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skill Training

program designed to expose and prepare students for the Industrial work situation

which they are likely to meet after graduation. Participation in SIWES has become a

necessary pre-condition for the award of diploma and degree certificate in specific

disciplines in most institutions of higher learning in the country in accordance with

the education policy of government.

Here is their Vision and Mission Statements:

Vision: To be the foremost skills training development organization in Nigeria and

one of the best in the world.

Mission: To set and regulate standards and offer direct training intervention in

industrial and commercial skills training and development, using a corps of highly

competent professional staff, modern techniques and technology.

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1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial

skills and experience in their approved course of study and also by interacting with

people with more experience in the field under consideration.

Prepare students for the industrial work situation which they are likely to meet after

graduation.

Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and

machinery that are mostly not available in their various institutions.

Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real world situation

thereby reducing the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical work.

They provide platforms for students to get themselves acquainted with industrial skills

and experience.

Enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational process and

prepare students for employment in Industry and Commerce.

1.2 ROLES OF STUDENTS ON THE SIWES PROGRAMME

 Attend SIWES orientation programme before going on attachment.

 Comply with the establishment’s rules and regulation.

 Arrange living accommodation during the period of attachment.

 Record all training activity done and other assignment in the log book.

RELEVANCE OF SIWES TO INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY STUDENT

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is highly relevant to

students studying Industrial Chemistry due to several key reasons:

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Practical Experience: SIWES provides students with hands-on practical experience

in industrial settings related to chemistry. This exposure allows students to apply

theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom to real-world scenarios, enhancing

their understanding of industrial processes and techniques.

Technical Skills Development: During SIWES, students have the opportunity to

develop and refine technical skills relevant to industrial chemistry, such as chemical

analysis, laboratory techniques, process optimization, quality control, and safety

practices. They learn how to operate sophisticated instruments, conduct experiments,

and interpret data accurately.

Industry Insights: SIWES placements expose students to the operations, challenges,

and best practices of various industries that rely on chemistry, including

manufacturing, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, cosmetics,

environmental services, and research institutions. Students gain insights into industry-

specific processes, regulations, and sustainability practices.

Problem-Solving Abilities: SIWES projects and tasks often involve problem-solving,

troubleshooting, and analytical thinking. Students learn how to address technical

challenges, optimize processes, and implement solutions to improve efficiency,

productivity, and product quality in industrial settings.

Safety and Environmental Practices: SIWES emphasizes the importance of safety,

health, and environmental practices in industrial chemistry. Students learn about

hazardous materials handling, risk assessment, waste management, pollution

prevention, and compliance with regulatory standards to ensure workplace safety and

environmental sustainability.

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Networking and Professional Development: SIWES provides opportunities for

students to network with professionals, researchers, and experts in the field of

industrial chemistry. They build professional relationships, gain mentorship, and

explore career pathways for future employment, internships, or research opportunities.

Research and Innovation: Some SIWES placements may involve research projects,

product development initiatives, or innovation programs in collaboration with

industry partners. Students contribute to scientific research, technology transfer, and

advancements in industrial chemistry through practical research experiences.

Career Readiness: Completing a successful SIWES program enhances students'

employability by equipping them with practical skills, industry experience, and a

deeper understanding of industrial chemistry. They become more competitive in the

job market and prepared for roles in chemical analysis, quality assurance, production

management, research and development, environmental consulting, and other related

fields.

In summary, SIWES plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between academic

learning and industry practice for students studying Industrial Chemistry. It provides

valuable experiential learning opportunities, technical skills development, industry

insights, problem-solving abilities, safety awareness, networking opportunities, and

career readiness for future roles in the dynamic field of industrial chemistry.

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 CHAPTER TWO

OVERVIEW OF PRESTIGE PAINTS COMPANY LTD

Prestige Paints Company Limited is located in Ogun State, where it started way back

in 2010 when it commenced the cement based coating known as texcote at its factory

located at km 2 ajegunle road, ogun state industrial Area, it is rightly owned by Mrs

Ifeoma David, who is currently the CEO of Prestige Paints Company Limited,

however, Prestige Paints Company Limited diversified it's product base and introduce

high build emulsion, gloss, and texcote. Apart from that, Prestige Paints Company

Limited also now has screeding paint department that produces screeding Paints.

Prestige Paints Company Limited is a very active member of both the Manufacturers

Association of Nigeria (MAN) and the Paint Manufacturers.

ORGANOGRAM OF THE COMPANY

Chief Executive

Board of Directorate

General Manager

Human Resource Manager

Accountant Marketting Secretary

HOD of Various Departments Chief Engineer
Account Clerk Marketer

Mechanical Electrical

Engineer Engineer

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DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONAL SECTION AND UNIT

Paint Factory

The factory has varied quarter and units where processes and operation are carried

out, however all quarter and units interacts with one another in the factory.

Storage Units

This is the largish unit in the factory (also referred to as warehouse) where all

materials are kept, for use and after use, majorly raw materials and finished products,

are reserved in the unit as well as some working equipments and packaging materials.

Production Units

This is the unit where all the manufacturing processes is being carried out either

mechanically or manually, there are two basic types of operation in the production

unit (1) Dry operation (2) Wet operation unit.

Dry Operation

In this units, paints such as cement texture (cemtex) are produced, meanwhile the raw

materials are dry and the product are also dried powdered, with the use of a special

cemtex machine.

Wet Operation Units

In this unit, paints such as gloss, emulsion and texcote are produced using organic

synthetic solvents and solute, as the raw materials and yielding a liquefied product,

however mixing machines are used in carrying out manufacturing process in the unit.

Laboratory Units

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The factory laboratory is a very sensitive unit where samples of raw materials and

products are tested and certified before production and after production after which

some are kept for future references, color chart are also in the laboratory for the

production of sample paints in order to identify and meet up with procurements by the

Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the lastest development in the paints

manufacturing industry.

Packaging/Labelling Units

This is the unit that gives the finishing touches to the products, meanwhile the

activities carried out in this unit includes, writing of batch number, labeling and

packaging of all finished products.

Health, Safety and Environment Unit (HSEU)

Behind all the various units and sections, there lies a group of personnel who are

always on ground to ensure a hazard free working environment, in which their duties

includes cleaning and tiding up the factory.

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 CHAPTER THREE

DEFINITION OF PAINT

Paint is the general term for a family products used to protect, add color and design an

object or surface by covering it with pigment coating. Paint is any liquid, liquefiable

or mastic composition that after application to substrate in a thin layer, convert to

solid film. It is most commonly used to protect colour or texture to objects. Paint can

be made or purchased in many colors and in many different types such as water-

colour, synthetic etc., paint is typically stored, sold and applied as a liquid but most

types dry into solid

HISTORY

Ancient coloured walls at Egypt which were exposed for years to the elements, still

possess their brilliant colour, as vivid as when they were painted about 2000 years

ago. The Egyptians mixed their color with a gummy substance and applied them

separately from each other without any blending or mixture. They appear to have used

six colours: white, black, blue, red, yellow and green.

They first covered the area entirely with white then traced the design in black, leaving

out the light of the ground colour, they used minimum for red and generally of dark

tinge.

Paint was made with York of eggs and therefore, the substance would harden and

adhere to the surface it was applied to. Pigment was made from plants, sand and

different soils. Most paints used either water or oil as a base (the dilutant, solvent or

vehicles for the pigment). At 17th century house oil painting where a primer was used

along with several undercoats and an elaborate decorative overcoat, the pigment and

oil mixture would have been ground into a paste with a mortar and pestle. The process

13
was done by hand by the painter and exposed them to lead poisoning due to the white

lead powder

In 1718 Marshall smith invented a machine or engine for the grinding of colours. It is

not known precisely how it operated, but it was a device that increase the efficiency of

pigments dramatically. Soon, a company called Emerton and Manby was advertising

exceptionally low-priced paints that has been grounded with labour – saving

technology.

By the proper onset of the industries revolution, paints was being ground in steam –

powered mills and an alternative to lead based pigments was found in a white

derivative of zinc oxide. Interior house painting increasingly becoming the norm

as the 19th century progressed, both for decorative reasons and because the paints was

effective in preventing the wall rotting from damp. Linseed oil was also increasingly

used as an inexpensive binder.

COMPONENT OF PAINTS

1. BINDER OR FILM FORMER

The binder is the film forming component of paint. it is the only component that must

be present if the binders are suitable for application. Many binders are too thick to be

applied and must be thinned. The type of thinner varies with the binder. The thinner is

also called the vehicle, because it makes it possible to transfer the binder to the

surface with a brush, roller or sprayer. Component listed below are included

optionally, depending on the desired properties of the cured film. A clear paint like

vanish contains primarily the binder and the blender and the vehicle plus some driers.

If you add pigment to provide colour and opacity to vanish you create an enamel.

Enamels therefore contains three primary type of ingredient found in all paints 1 –

binder, 2 – vehicle, 3 – pigments, the binder imparts properties such as gloss,

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durability, flexibility and toughness. Binder include synthetic or natural resins such as

alkyds,acrylics,vinyl acrylics, vinyl acetate / ethylene (VAE), polyurethanes,

polyesters, melamine resins, epoxy or oils. Binder can be categorized according to the

mechanism for drying or curing. Although drying may refer to evaporation of the

solvent or thinner, it usually refers to oxidative cross – linking of the binders and is

indistinguishable from curing. Some paints form by solvent evaporation only, but

most rely on cross – linking process. Paints that dry by solvent evaporation and

contain the solid binder dissolved in the solvent are known as lacquers .A solid film

forms when the solvent evaporates ,and because they can re- dissolve in the solvent,

lacquers are unsuitable for applications where chemical resistance is important.

2. DILUTENT OR SOLVENT.

The main purpose of the dilutent is to dissolve the polymer and adjust the viscosity of

the paint, it is volatile and does not become part of the paint film. It also controls flow

and application properties, and in some cases can affect the stability of the paint while

in liquid state. Its main function is as the carrier for the non-volatile components. To

spread heavier oils (for example linseed) as in oil – based interior house paint, a

thinner oil is required. These volatile substance imparts their properties temporarily –

once the solvent has evaporated, the remaining paint is fixed to the surface. This

component is optional. Some paint has no dilutent.

Water is the main diltuent for water – based paints, even the co – solvent types.

Solvent – base also called oil based paints can have various combinations of organic

solvents as the diltuent, including aliphatic,aromatics,alcohols, ketones and white

spirit. Specific example are organic solvent such as petroleum distillates, esters,

glycol ethers and the like. Sometimes volatile low – molecular weight synthetic resins

also serve as dilutent.

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 3. PIGMENT AND FILLER

Pigments are granular solids incorporated in the paint to contribute colour. Fillers are

granular solid incorporate to impart toughness texture gives the paint special

properties to reduce the cost of paint. Alternatively, some paints contain dyes instead

of or combination with pigment .

RAW MATERIALS USED IN PAINT PRODUCTION

A paint is composed of pigments solvents, resins and various additives. The pigment

gives the paint colour; solvents make it easier to apply; resins help it dry; and the

additive serves as everything from fillers to anti fungicidal agents,

1. Hundreds of different pigments both natural and synthetic exist.

i. Titanium dioxide (TiO2): Is a prime pigment which provides whiteness and

colour, and are the main source of hiding capability and is relatively expensive

and one of the major determinants in the quality and market cost of paint

ii. Colour pigment either inorganic and organic like iron oxide and cadmium sulfide

for reds, metallic salt for yellows and oranges,carbon black for black, and iron

blue and chrome yellows for blue and green are used to provides colour, and to

make paint opaque thus protecting the substrate from the harmful effects of

ultraviolet light while also increasing a paints hiding power.

iii. Solvents are various low viscosity,volatile liquids. They include petroleum

mineral, spirit and aromatic solvents such as benzol, alcohol, esters, ketones and

acetone.

iv. Kerosene or fuel: Is a solvent and the liquid portion the gloss paint. It serves the

purposes of water in gloss paints.

v. Water (H2O): Is a solvent and the liquid portion paint (also referred to as the

“carries”) which provide desired consistency and make it possible to the surface

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 being painted. Which means is used in dissolving g the pigment before being

added and is used in all paints production except gloss paints.

2. The natural resins most commonly used are line-seed, coconut and

soya bean oil, while alkyds acrylics, epoxies and polyurethanes number among

the most popular synthetic resins.

i. Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) or acrylic: Is a synthetic resin which provides

adhesion, integrity and toughness to the dry paint film by binding the pigment

together. It is also called a binder.

ii. Mixdryer: Is a liquid solution that comprises of cobalt for shining, manganese

and alloy to sustain the paint from clothing. As the name implies it is added to

quicken, the drying of the paint when applied.

iii. Alkyd: Is a synthetic resins binder which provides adhesion, integrity and

toughness to the dried paint film by binding the pigments together. It is only

used in gloss or oil paints.

3. Additive serves many purposes, an example of them are aluminum

silicate etc.

i. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), dolomite or calcite as the case may be in an

additive that gives the paint body and substance without changing its

properties, and it also improves the coverage of the paints.it is an essential

additive that is used in the production of emulsion, texcoat, and

sometimes semi gloss paint. It also impacts properties like been sheen,

scrub resistance and exterior colour retention to the paint.

ii. Thickening agent e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose :Is a thickener which

provides adequate viscosity (thickness) so that the paint may be applied

properly, and impact how thick the paint goes on and how well it flows

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 out when applied. It also helps latex paint resist spattering when applied

by roller, and reduces spoilage.

iii. Deformer are used to break bubble as they are formed in the paint.

iv. Ammonia (NH3) serves as preservatives for the paint and fight the growth

of living organisms on the walls e.g. mushroom and spirogyra.

v. Acticide: Is also a preservative that helps to keep the paint as much long

as needed. It can also have referred to as an antifungicidal agent.

vi. Marble dust is a fine quartz that is added to tex – coat or texture paints

that makes it to have toothed appearance on the wall when applied.

PAINT MIXING EQUIPMENT

Various paints mixing apparatus are mounted to process paints of different base and

textures to a suitable finished product.

Texcote Paint Mixing Apparatus

It is specific a designed to mix and blend various constituents which gives a texcote

product, the apparatus has two shafts, with one baffle to ensure a homogeneous

mixing, while belted to two electric motors in which one is to spin the shaft rod as the

other is to spin the baffles rod, it uses an hydraulic-elevator to lift the shafts and

baffles so that the mixing container (1200lt capacity) can be removed at ease when

several functions are to be performed.

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Texcote Paint Apparatus

Gloss Paint Mixing Apparatus

The equipment is mounted to process oil base paints, it basically has two electric

motors and two mixing containers of 240lt capacity each, in which at the bottom of

the vessels there are Pebble balls that blends the constituents mixes as the shaft blades

revolves.

Gloss Paint Mixing Equipment

Gloss Paint Impeller Blade and Pebble Balls

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Emulsion Paint Mixing Equipments

The equipment are designed to mix and blend Paints constituents using a shaft, the

machines has an hydraulic-elevator, with an electric motor which spins the shaft rod

using a conveyor belt, the mixing container is of 1200lt capacity each.

Emulsion Paint Apparatus

SOME KIND OF PAINT AND THEIR USES

There are many kinds of paint which include:

i. Water base paint i.e. emulsion or latex paint: This is an acrylic and

water based copolymer emulsion paint for interior use but can also be used on

exterior work. It is a low cost, value engineered product that is targeted at

mass housing projects. It has good coverage and opacity depending on the

quality of the paint. Quality latex paints that have 100% acrylic binder are

especially durable and highly flexible. They tend to adhere extremely well to a

variety of exterior surfaces, which means they have greater resistance to

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 troublesome paint failures like blistering , flaking and peeling compared with

other types of paint.

ii. Gloss pain

This is alkyd resin enamel paint for used on a wide variety of application including

wood, steel, plaster, chipboard, hardboard etc. it is suitable for both interior and

exterior use easy cleaning when stained. Top quality oil based paints have excellent

adhesion characteristics, which means they get a tight grip on the surface being

painted. And good adhesion is essential for durable painted job.

However, oil based coatings do tend to oxidize and get brittle over time which can

lead to cracking problems in exterior applications, yellowing and chipping problems

in interior applications.

iii. Textured or tex-coat paint

This is a high quality textured acrylic copolymer emulsion paint reinforced with fine

quartz and suitable for interior and exterior use. Textured paint has a sheen and

textured finish with 70% washability, scrubbability and 100%opacity. It has a life

span of over ten years on the wall.They are paints with water soluble thinner and they

include calcimines in which the thinner is glue. It has a life span of 5-10 years on the

walls.

iv. Emulsion gloss or semi-gloss paint

This is high acrylic copolymer emulsion paint for interior and exterior use. Semi-gloss

has a sheen and smooth finish with 100% wash ability, scrubility and opacity. Semi-

gloss has span of over 15 years on the wall and can be washed with soap or detergent

without affecting the paint.

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QUANITY CONTROL / ASSURANCE MEASURES IN PAINT PRODUCTION

Quality is an important factor when it comes to any product or services. With the high

market competition, quality has become the market differentiator for almost all

product and services.

Therefore, all manufacturers and service provider out there constantly look for

enhancing their product or the service quality.

In order to maintain or enhance the quality of the offerings, manufacturers use two

techniques, quality control and quality assurance. These two practices make sure that

the end product or the service meets the quality requirement and standards defined for

the product or the services. There are many methods followed by organization to

achieve and maintain required quality. Some organizations believe in the concepts of

Total Quality Management (TQM) and some others believe in internal and external

standard.

The standard usually defines the processes and procedures for organizational activities

and assist to maintain the quality in every aspect of organizational functioning. When

it comes to standards for quality, there are many. ISO (International Standards

organization) is one of the prominent bodies for defining quality standards for

different industries.

Paints manufacturers utilize an extensive array of quality control measures. The

ingredient and the manufacturing process undergo stringent tests, and the finished

product is checked to insure that is of high quality. A finished paint is inspected for its

density, fineness of grind, dispersion and viscosity. Paint is applied to a surface and

studied for bleed resistance, rate of drying and texture.

In term of the paints aesthetic components, colour is checked by an experienced

observer and by spectral analysis to see if it matches a standard desired colour.

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Resistance of the colour to fading caused by the element is determined by exposing a

portion of painted surface to an arc light and comparing the amount of fading to

painted surface that was not so exposed. The paint hiding power is measured by

painting it over a black surface and a white surface. The ratio of coverage on the black

surface to coverage on the white surface is then determined, with 98 being high

quality paint. Gloss paint is measured by determining amount of reflected light given

off a painted surface.

Test to measure the paint more functional qualities include one of the mar resistance,

which entail scratching or abrading a dried coat of paint. Adhesion is tested by

making a crosshatch, calibrated to 0.7inch (2 millimeters), on a dried paint surface. A

piece of tape is applied to the crosshatch, then pulled off; good paint remains on the

surface. Scrubbability is tested by a machine that rubs a soapy brush over the paint’s

surface. A system also exits to rate settling. An excellent paint can sit for six months

with no settling and rate a ten. Poor paint, however will settle into immiscible lump of

pigment on the bottom of the can and rate a zero. Weathering is rested by exposing

the paint to outdoor conditions. Artificial weakening exposes a painted surface to sun,

water, extreme temperature, humidity or sulfuric gases. Fire retardency is checked by

burning the paint and determining its weight loss. If the amount of weight lost is more

than 10 percent, the paint is not considered fire resistant.

When it comes to our focus, we understand that the quality control is a product

oriented process. When it comes to quality assurance, it is a process – oriented

practice. When quality control makes sure the end product meets the quality

requirements, quality assurance makes sure that the process of manufacturing the

product does adhere to standards.

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Therefore, quality assurance can be identified as a proactive process, while quality

control can be noted as a reactive process.

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25
 CHAPTER FOUR

PROCESS INVOLVED IN PAINT PRODUCTION

I. Making of paste:

Pigment manufacturers send bags of fine grain pigment to paint plants. There the

pigment is premixed with resin (a wetting agent that assists in moistening the

pigment, one or more solvents, and additives to form a paste.

26
 picture of a paste bowl

Dispersing the pigment

The paste mixture for most industrial and some consumer paints is now routed into a

sand mill, a large cylinder that agitates tiny particles of sand or silica to grand the

pigment particles, making them smaller and dispersing them throughout the mixture.

The mixture is then filtered to remove the sand particles.

Instead of being processed in sand mills, up to 90% of water-based latex paint

designed for use by individual home owners are instead processed in a high-speed

dispersion tank. There the premixed paste is subjected to high – speed agitation by

27
acircular toothed blade attached to a rotating shaft. This process blends the pigment

into the solvent.

Picture of Dispersion Mixer

THINNING THE PASTE

Whether created by a sand mill or dispersion mixer tank, the paste must now be

thinned to produce the final product. Transferred to large kettles, it is agitated with the

proper amount of so went for the type of paint desired.

iv CANNING THE PAINT.

The finished paint is pump into the canning room. For the standard 8pint (3.73 litre)

paint can be available to consumers, but empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto

labels and they are set upright so that paint can be pumped into them. A machine

places lids onto the filled cans, and a second machine presses on the lids to seal them.

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 PICTURE OF CANNING

PRODUCTION OF 200 LITRES OF CREAM EMULSION PAINT

Step 1: making of paste

Four kilogram of titanium dioxide is dissolved with small quantity of water in the

paste bowl. 0.4kg of yellow pigment is also added into the bowl and stirred till it

dissolved to liquid and desire colour gotten

Step II

Hundreds litres of water is measured into the rapid mixer (i.e. 10 litres of water for

20 litres of paint). The paste is then poured into the mixer after which 32kg of calcium

carbonate is added too (i.e. 16kg of CaCO3 for 20 litres of paint). After few minutes of

mixing by the rapid mixer 50kg of acrylic is measured out and added into the mixer or

more depending on the desired quality of paint wanted. At this stage now the

defoamer is added to break the bubbles, followed by dissolving one kilogram of

thickener with small water and poured into the mixer to thicken the paint.

Preservatives like ammonia and actcide are also added.

Step III

After about 10 – 15 minutes of final mixing by the rapid mixer, the paint is then set

for canning.

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PRODUCTION OF 40 LITRES OF GREEN GLOSS PAINT

Step 1: making the paste

Five kilogram of titanium dioxide is dissolved with small quantity of kerosene or fuel

in bowl. 0.5kg of green pigment is also added stirred inside the bowl till all dissolves

Step II

Twenty litres of kerosene or fuel is poured into the mixer (I.e. 1.5 kg of alkyd for 4

litres of gloss paint {1 gallon}). After some minutes of proper mixing by the rapid

mixer two kg of mixdryer is also added or even more depending on the quality of

paint wanted.

Step iii

At this point the paint is ready for canning after about 10 – 15 minutes of mixing by

the rapid mixer.

PRODUCTION OF 100 LITRES OF BROWN SEMI GLOSS PAINT

STEP I: MAKING THE PASTE

Two kilogram of titanium dioxide is dissolved with small quantity of water in a paste

of bowl. 0.4kg of yellow pigment and 0.1kg of red pigment is also added and stirred

well inside the bowl till all dissolve and the needed colour is gotten

STEP II

Twenty-five litres of water is added into the mixer (i.e. 5 litres of water for 20 liters of

paint), the paste is poured into the mixer, followed by 50kg of calcium carbonate (i.e.

10kg for 20 litres). Due to the type of paint being produced with emulsion gloss or

semi-gloss high quantity of acrylic is used more than calcium carbonate, so 40kg of

acrylic is used or more followed by the defoamer and preservatives like ammonia and

acticide. After 0.5kilogram of thickener is dissolved with small quantity of water and

added to thicken the paint.

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Step III

After about like 15 minutes of mixing by the machine, the paint is then ready for

canning.

PRODUCTION OF 300 LITERS OF WHITE TEX – COAT PAINT

STEP I: MAKING OF PASTE

Since we are producing a white paint, only 7.5 of titanium dioxide is dissolved with

small quantity of water in the paste bowl to make the required paste for this

production.

STEP II

Sixty litres of water is measured into the rapid mixer (i.e. 4 litres of water for 20 litres

of tex-coat paint). The paste is poured into the rapid mixer followed by 180 kilogram

of calcium carbonate (I e 12kg of calcium carbonate for 20 litres of tex – coat paint).

180 of marble dust is also added with 45kg of acrylic. After some minutes of mixing.

The defoamer is poured into the mixer to break the bubbles, followed by the

preservatives(i.e. ammonia and acticide).

At this point 1.5 kilogram of thickener is dissolved with small water and added to

thicken the paint.

STEP III: CANNING

After about 7 – 12 minutes of mixture, the paint is then ready for canning.

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION

It is important to note that the e quality of paint is analyzed after production to ensure

that they meet the required standard set by the regulatory body. The quality standards

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one however maintained by the formulation given, as well as the test conducted by the

quality control laboratory for every batch of product, to ensure that on the final

production any deviation from the set standards is minimal completely eliminated. In

addition, theses must be liason between the quality control laboratory and the

production department of the company, for the products to meet set standard or even

the company meeting their personal goals.

RECOMMENDATION

The idea of industrial training as organized by the federal government and the

industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is quite an encouraging one as it exposed

student to the labour market as well as to the practical aspect of their course of study.

Infect, I am very happy with the federal government, SIWES and ITF for their joint

effort in seeing that this programme was established and carried out.

To be sincere, I learnt so many things relayed to my course of study during the six-

month industrial training (IT) exercise and therefore encourage the continuity of this

work experience scheme.

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