IT Passport Exam (Old Questions)

Chapter-7
Basic Theory (Technology)
2010 April IP
Q54.Which of the following is obtained by multiplying the binary value 10110 by three?
a) 111010 b) 111110 c) 1000010 d) 10110000

Q56. A search is performed by specifying a character string comprised of multiple alphabetic

characters and one delimiter character “.” (period). An “*” (asterisk) represents an arbitrary character
string with zero or more characters, and a “?” (question mark) represents an arbitrary single character.
Which of the following character strings matches the character string represented below?
X*.Y??
a) XY.XYY b) XXX.YY c) XYX.YXY d) YXYX.YXY

Q57. Which of the following is a characteristic of tree structure that is one of data structures?
a) Data elements can be retrieved by traversing a hierarchy of nodes from the higher levels to the lower
levels.
b) Data elements can be retrieved in the order in which they were stored.
c) Data elements can be retrieved in the reverse order from the order in which they were stored.
d) Data elements can be retrieved by traversing cells consisting of a data field and a pointer field.

Q58. At a desk that is only large enough to place 4 files at the same time, 6 files, A through F, are used
to perform a task. When 4 files are already placed on the desk, the least recently used file must be
placed back into the drawer before the 5th file can be placed on the desk. When the files are used in
the sequence A, B, C, D, B, A, E, A, B, F, which of the following is the last file to be placed on the
desk?
a) A b) B c) D d) E

Q59. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of Java?

a) It is an interpreter-type object-oriented language developed in the 1970s and includes an integrated
development environment with editor and debugger as well as OS functions.
b) It incorporates object-oriented concepts, such as class and inheritance, into the programming
language C, and has upper compatibility with C.
c) It is a markup language used on the Web and describes the document structure by using tags. It
enables the creation of hypertext that links text, movies, etc.
d) It is an object-oriented language and enables the creation of applets that run in Web browsers.
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Q60. Which of the following is an appropriate description of a characteristic of hypertext written in
HTML?
a) Text information is handled, so image files cannot be linked.
b) Links are hierarchically structured, so the user must return to the top hierarchical level to move to
another text.
c) Links have bidirectional information, so the user can move freely between texts.
d) The user can move to the specified text by clicking a link.

Q75. A company has different kinds of forms that must be submitted by paper. The company wishes
to provide these forms as electronic files on the Web bulletin board system within its intranet, and
make them available to all employees. Since many of the forms use more than one font, and/or include
diagrams and tables, the forms must be printable without being affected by the user’s software
environment. Which of the following is the most appropriate data format?
a) HTML format
b) PDF format
c) Text data format
d) Data format for a word-processing software

Answer Keys:
No. 54 56 57 58 59 60 75
Answer c c a c d d b

2010 August IP
Q54. Which of the following is a search condition for the black area of the Venn diagram shown
below?

a) (not A) and (B and C) b) (not A) and (B or C)

c) (not A) or (B and C) d) (not A) or (B or C)

Q55. Which of the following is the appropriate combination of compression technology standards for
still images, moving images, and audio?

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 Still Image Moving Image Audio
a) MP3 JPEG GIF
b) GIF MPEG MP3
c) MPEG GIF MP3
d) JPEG MP3 GIF

Q56. Which of the following is an explanation of EUC?

a) A development environment that offers a single interface for the integrated use of editor, compiler,
debugger, and other tools necessary for programming
b) A method by which new programs are developed under the Web environment by building a simple
GUI, creating a program skeleton with a wizard, and utilizing ASP (Active Server Pages)
c) A system development method that uses a simple GUI building tool to create the user interface
screens at an early stage of the development process, and then to develop the system through an
iterative review of the functions and operability
d) An approach in which the users themselves build and operate the system required for their jobs, by
using spreadsheet software, simple database software, and other means

Q57. There is a series of numbered boxes stacked as shown in the figure below. The operations
described in the table below are performed in the sequence of operations 1 through 4. When the
operation 4 is completed, which of the following shows the status of the stacked boxes?

Q58. As shown in Fig. 1, there is a box which reads two positive values A1 and A2, and writes two
values B1 and B2. B1 is equal to A2, and B2 is the remainder of A1 divided by A2. As shown in Fig.
2, two boxes with the same function as the above are serially connected. When A1=15 and A2=6 are
given to the left-hand box in Fig.2, what is the value of B1 for the right-hand box?
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 a) 0 b) 3 c) 6 d) 15

Q59． Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning an applet?

a) A document file that is transmitted from a Web site when the Web browser accesses the Web site,
and saved onto the user’s PC
b) A language used for creating a Web page
c) A program that is downloaded from a server, embedded into a client Web browser, and then
executed on the browser
d) A language for database manipulation such as data addition, modification, deletion, and search

Answer Keys:
No. 54 55 56 57 58 59
Answer a b d b b c

2011 April IP
Q1. The graph below consists of two sets of bar graphs; one in black and the other in gray, with the
vertical axis representing the number of people and the horizontal axis representing the score (0
through 10). Which of the following is observed in comparison of these black and gray bar graphs?

a) The gray bar graph has a larger variance than the black bar graph.
b) The gray bar graph has a smaller variance than the black bar graph.
c) The gray bar graph has the same variance as the black bar graph.
d) A variance comparison cannot be made based on these black and gray graphs only.

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Q2. A PC plays back moving image data recorded at 500x400 pixels per frame, 30 frames per second,
and 3 bytes per pixel while reading it from a peripheral device. When the data transfer rate between
the peripheral device and the PC is 1x106 bytes per second, in order to play back the moving image
without delay, the data must be compressed to one n-th (1/n) in advance. Which of the following is
the minimum value of n? Here, the time to expand the compressed data and other impacts can be
ignored.
a) 18 b) 54 c) 72 d) 144

Q3. Which of the following is an explanation of proportional fonts?

a) As is the case with Arabic fonts, the shape of a character changes when it is located at the beginning
or end of a word.
b) As is the case with fonts used in English newspapers, each character may occupy a different amount
of space.
c) As is the case with fonts used in the headline of an advertisement flyer, proportional fonts are
characterized with distinctive decorative designs.
d) As is the case with typewriter fonts, the number of characters per line is fixed.

Q4. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning EUC (End User Computing)?
a) As EUC is widely spread, information systems departments in companies come to have large
backlogs in software development.
b) EUC is characterized with system construction and operations management by end users without
using software packages at all.
c) To support EUC, training in programming languages such as COBOL, C, and Java is important, and
it is a key role of information systems departments.
d) In order to achieve EUC, it is necessary to provide education to end users in PCs or commercially
available applications, and also to select easy-to-operate development tools and provide training in
those tools.

Q5. Which of the following is an appropriate characteristic of data structure?

a) Each element in an array can be read in any order by using an index.
b) Arrays can be used to make the data structure independent from the algorithm.
c) Each element in a list can be searched for and updated using an index in lieu of a pointer.
d) When an element is inserted in a list or deleted from a list, existing elements must be moved.

Q6. There is a program that displays text in accordance with the specifications below. When the
original text described below is displayed, in what point size does the program display the underlined
character string? Here, the first character of the original text is displayed in 10 points.

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[Specifications]
The characters between <B> and </B> are displayed one point larger than the preceding character.
The characters between <S> and </S> are displayed one point smaller than the preceding character.
Each of <B> </B> and <S> </S> must be used as a pair, and both of them can be nested with each
other.
[Original text]
The system administrator promotes and implements <B>department-level<B> or <S>group-
level</S> computerization</B> from a user <S>standpoint</S>.</B>
a) 10 b) 11 c) 12 d) 13

Q7. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of SGML?

a) It is a language from which HTML and XML are derived and is used to describe the logical structure
of a document.
b) It is an extended HTML-based language and is used for displaying images and documents on Web
browsers.
c) It is a standard for communication between electronic musical instruments and is used for
processing music data.
d) It is a standard page description language and is used for well-formed documents.

Q8. Which of the following is the method for describing the logical structure of a sentence in XML?
a) Enclosing the sentence, clauses, and other elements with double quotes (“”)
b) Separating the sentence, clauses, and other elements with commas
c) Enclosing the sentence, clauses, and other elements with tags
d) Separating the sentence, clauses, and other elements with tabs

Q9. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of some functional units implemented in a
computer?
a) The operation unit performs arithmetic processing at the direction of the control unit.
b) The operation unit exchanges data with the control unit, the input unit, and the output unit.
c) The memory unit requests the operation unit to perform arithmetic processing and stores the results.
d) The memory unit requests the output unit to read out data from the memory unit.

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer b a b d a b a c a

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2011 October IP
Q1. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the Java language?
a) It is a markup language used for describing Web pages.
b) It is a language developed for business-oriented calculations.
c) It is an object-oriented language that provides platform-independent portability.
d) It is a language developed for scientific and engineering calculations.

Q2. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the usage of HTML (Hyper
Text Markup Language) tags?
a) <LABEL> is used to define the title of a Web page.
b) <BODY> is used to describe the text of a Web page.
c) <BIG> is used to specify the size and style applied to each character in a Web page.
d) <FORM> is used to divide a Web page into multiple frames.

Q3. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning XML (eXtensible Markup
Language)?
a) It is an object-oriented language based on C++, but simplified to eliminate language features that
cause common programming errors.
b) It is an interpreter language for text processing and also a standard language for CGI (Common
Gateway Interface) programs that run on a Web server.
c) It is a page description language used in the electronic and desktop publishing areas for defining
the contents and layout of a printed page.
d) It is a language that enables users to create their own tags in order to describe the structure and
content of a document.

Q4. When a relation between objects is abstracted, the relation from X to Y (called an order relation)
is represented as (X, Y) and illustrated as . Which of the following is the diagram that
illustrates three sets of order relations “(A, B), (A, C), (D, B)”?

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Q5. The data is exchanged between variable A and variable B. When variable TMP is used to
temporarily store data, which of the following is the procedure for exchanging data correctly?
Here, “x ← y” indicates that the content of “x” is replaced with the data of “y”.

Q6. When the reward for an improvement proposal concerning business operations is determined
based on the decision table below, how much is the reward for an improvement proposal that results
in an improvement of $20,000 and a turnaround time reduction of three days? Here, “Y” in the
table means that each condition holds “true”, and “N” means “not true”. In addition, “” indicates
the reward that applies to a specific combination of these conditions.

a) $50 b) $100 c) $150 d) $300

Q7. When a sound is recorded in a computer file, it is to be stored as a series of 8-bit encoded data.
When the same sound source is sampled at the same sampling frequency and then encoded as a series
of 8-bit data in lieu of 16-bit data, which of the following is an appropriate explanation concerning this
encoding?
a) The amplitude of the sound can be recorded more finely.
b) When the recording time is the same, the amount of data becomes smaller.
c) The CPU load required to process the recorded data decreases.
d) The upper limit of the frequency that can be recorded becomes higher.

Q8. A sound signal is digitized. Sampling is performed at Time 1 through Time 5 in the figure below,
and four-level quantization is performed; in other words, the levels closest to the sampling point are
selected. After that, two-bit encoding is performed. The result is “11 01 00 10 11”. When digitization
is performed in the same way, which of the following figures represents the sound signal that results
in “01 00 10 11 01”?

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Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answer c b d d b b a b

2012 April IP
Q1. In the worksheet of spreadsheet software shown below, rows 1 through 4 are sorted in ascending
order by using the last (or low order) two digits of each numeric value in column A. When the numeric
values of column B that are calculated from those of column A are used as sort keys, which of the
following is the appropriate calculation result to be entered into column B?

a) The quotient obtained when the numeric value in column A is divided by 10

b) The remainder obtained when the numeric value in column A is divided by 10
c) The quotient obtained when the numeric value in column A is divided by 100
d) The remainder obtained when the numeric value in column A is divided by 100

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Q2. When a path goes from node A1 to node C2 in Fig. 1 and the passing nodes are counted as shown
in Fig. 2, it is found that there are three shortest paths with the minimum number of passing nodes.
How many shortest paths are there available to go from node A1 to node D4 via node C2?

a) 6 b) 9 c) 12 d) 20

Q3. Which of the following is an appropriate purpose of appending a check digit to a customer code?
a) To check the customer code for input errors
b) To arrange customers in order of acquisition when a list of customers is created
c) To enable customers to be inferred easily and quickly
d) To enable the grouping of customers by geographical area or other attributes

Q4. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the characteristics of EUC (End
User Computing)?
a) EUC enables users to directly access, reference, and manipulate data that they need for business
operations.
b) EUC gives priority to system operation and maintenance, so it causes backlogs to increase in the
information systems department.
c) EUC requires more development staff members in the information systems department, so it often
leads to an increase in the operating costs of the department.
d) EUC allows the information systems department to take a leadership role in application
development, so it can reduce the workload of users.

Q5. The procedure described below is sequentially performed for two variables x and y, starting with
step (1). When the procedure is completed, what is the resulting value of x?
[Procedure]
(1) Assign 2 to x and 3 to y.
(2) Subtract 1 from the value of y, and assign the resulting value to y.
(3) Add the values of x and y, and assign the resulting value to x.
(4) If the value of y is 1, complete the procedure. Otherwise, return to step (2).
a) 4 b) 5 c) 7 d) 8
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Q6. Which of the following refers to an XML-based document format that is used for efficient
information collection and distribution on Web sites such as a blog, a news site, or an electronic
bulletin board, and is also used for describing metadata such as page header, abstract, and update time
in a structured form?
a) CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
b) DTD (Document Type Definition)
c) RSS (RDF(Resource Description Framework) Site Summary)
d) XSL (Extensible Style Sheet Language)

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer d b a a b c

2012 October IP
Q1. When three balls are picked out consecutively from a box containing three white balls and four
black balls, which of the following is the lowest probability?
a) Probability of picking out the balls in order of black, black, black
b) Probability of picking out the balls in order of black, black, white
c) Probability of picking out the balls in order of black, white, black
d) Probability of picking out the balls in order of white, black, black

Q2. As shown in the figure below, decimal numbers 2, 5, 10, and 21 are represented using five squares
that are black or white.
2 □ □ □ ■□
5 □ □ ■□ ■
10 □ ■□ ■□
21 ■□ ■□ ■
A white square indicates 0, and a black square indicates a different positive value that is determined
depending on the position of the square. When the sum total of the values of the five squares shows
a decimal number, which of the following is the numeric value that is represented by ■■□ □ □ ?
a) 12 b) 20 c) 24 d) 30

Q3. There exist four states numbered 1 through 4. The four states are connected as shown in the figure
below, and the state transition occurs in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction.
If the current state is 1, which of the following is the state that is reached after the procedure below
is performed twice?

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 [Procedure]
The number of the current state is multiplied by 11, and the result is divided by 3. The process below
is performed based on the remainder of the division.
• When the remainder is 0, a transition to the next state occurs in the clockwise direction.
• When the remainder is 1, a transition to the next state occurs in the counter-clockwise direction.
• When the remainder is 2, a transition to the second state occurs in the clockwise direction.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Q4. When HTML is used to describe a Web page, which of the following is an appropriate point to be
noted?
a) HTML and browser specifications are standardized for each PC manufacturer. Therefore, in order
to display a Web page correctly, it is necessary to describe it for each type of PC.
b) Even if the HTML description is the same, a Web page may be displayed differently depending on
the browser used. Therefore, when a Web page is described, it is necessary to confirm how it is
displayed by each browser.
c) HTML is standardized for each browser used. Therefore, in order to display a Web page correctly,
it is necessary to describe it for each browser.
d) HTML descriptions including sound and video differ depending on the browser. Therefore, in order
to support all browsers, it is necessary to describe a Web page using only characters and still images.

Q5. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of Java?

a) It is an interpreter-type object-oriented language developed in the 1970s and includes an integrated
development environment with editor and debugger as well as OS functions.
b) It incorporates object-oriented concepts, such as class and inheritance, into the programming
language C, and has upper compatibility with C.
c) It is a markup language used on the Web and describes the document structure by using tags. It
enables the creation of hypertext that links text, movies, etc.
d) It is an object-oriented language, and source code is compiled into a format called bytecode that
can be executed on a JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

Q6. Which of the following is the markup language that easily enables transaction data to be issued as
vouchers as-is or converted into in-house documents in business-to-business transactions using the
Internet?
a) HTML b) SGML c) UML d) XML
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Q7. “CPU clock frequency: 1 GHz” is described in a PC catalog. This indicates that a CPU runs with
a signal of one billion (i.e., 109) cycles per second. Which of the following shows one cycle of a square
wave?

a) A b) B c) C d) D

Q8. When a streamer is used at a data transfer rate of 500 KB/sec, how many minutes are needed to
back up 1 GB of data?
a) 2 b) 3 c) 20 d) 33

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answer a c d b d d b d

2013 April IP
Q1. In the sales campaign for a certain product, a full-page advertisement is run a total of three times
in three magazines A, B, and C. When the effects expected from running a full-page advertisement
zero to three times in each of the magazines are as shown in the table below, how many times should
the advertisement be run in magazine B to gain the largest possible effect? Here, the effects of the
advertisements placed in the individual magazines are independent of one another, and the effects from
multiple magazines can be calculated by simply adding the individual effects.

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

Q2. Which of the following is the appropriate meaning of the units that are shown in the specifications
given in brochures or catalogs?
a) “2-Tbyte hard disk” refers to a capacity of 2×1012 bytes.
b) “9600-dpi printer” refers to a printing precision of 9600 dots/cm2.
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c) “CPU operates at a base clock of 3.3 GHz” refers to operation at a frequency of 3.3×220 Hz.
d) “Modem with a transmission speed of 56 kbps” refers to a minimum transmission speed of 5.6×210
bits/second.

Q3. There is a standard that can represent data in a hierarchical structure by enclosing data that
corresponds to attribute N with the tags <N>, which means the start, and </N>, which means the end,
and then linking and nesting these tags. Company A decides to comply with this standard and create
a paper by using the structural rules (1) through (3) below. Which of the following is the appropriate
header of a paper named “New Document Management” that is created by Jack Smith of the
Information Systems Department (I/S Department) in accordance with this standard and these
structural rules?
[Structural rules]
(1) A paper is composed of a header and a body text.
(2) The header is composed of a title and author information.
(3) Author information is composed of a name and a department.

a) <header>
<author info>
<title>New Document Management
<name>Jack Smith</name><dept>I/S Department</dept>
</title>
</author info>
</header>

b) <header>
<title>New Document Management</title>
<author info><name>Jack Smith</name></author info>
<dept>I/S Department</dept>
</header>

c) <header>
<title>New Document Management</title>
<author info>
<name>Jack Smith</name><dept>I/S Department</dept>
</author info>
</header>
d) <header>
<title>New Document Management</title>
<name>Jack Smith
<author info><dept>I/S Department</dept></author info>
</name>
</header>

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Q4. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning HTML?
a) It is a markup language that enables users to describe the meaning and structure of data by defining
their own unique tags.
b) It is a script language that can describe the program or processing steps executed on a browser.
c) It is a communication protocol that is used between a browser and a Web server.
d) It is a markup language that can specify the logical structure and layout of a Web page by using
tags.

Q5. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning an applet?

a) A document file that is transmitted from a Web site and saved onto the user’s PC when the Web
browser accesses the Web site
b) A language that is used for creating a Web page
c) A program that is downloaded from a Web server and embedded into a client browser, and then
executed in the browser
d) A language that is used for database manipulation such as data addition, modification, deletion, and
search

Q6. Which of the following is an appropriate characteristic of tree structure that is one of data
structures?
a) Data elements can be retrieved by traversing a hierarchy of nodes from a higher level node to a
lower level node.
b) Data elements can be retrieved in the order in which they are stored.
c) Data elements can be retrieved in the reverse order to the order in which they are stored.
d) Data elements can be retrieved by traversing cells composed of a data field and a pointer field.

Q9. Which of the following is the correct comparison of the amount of data?
a) 1 TB < 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 GB
b) 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 GB < 1 TB
c) 1 KB < 1 TB < 1 MB < 1 GB
d) 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 TB < 1 GB

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 9
Answer c a c a c a a

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2013 October IP
Q1. As shown in the figure below, there exists a process of converting each character of a character
string in accordance with the conversion table. When the result of performing such a conversion is
“0110001010”, which of the following is the character string before conversion?

a) ABBAAABB b) ACAAABB c) ACABB d) CAAABB

Q2. As shown in Figure 1, there is a processing unit which reads two positive input values A1 and A2,
and then writes two output values B1 and B2. B1 is equal to A2, and B2 is the remainder of A1 divided
by A2. In Figure 2, two processing units with the same function as the above are connected in series.
When A1=15 and A2=6 are given to the left-hand unit in Figure 2, what is the output value of B2 for
the right-hand unit?

a) 0 b) 3 c) 6 d) 15

Q3. Among the items A through C described below about programming languages, which of the
following is the list that contains all of the appropriate items?
A: A program that is created using a machine language or an assembly language can be executed
without relying on a particular CPU.
B: A program that is converted using a compiler is finally translated into a machine language and then
executed.
C: A high-level programming language with rules similar to human languages makes it possible to
develop programs with complex calculations that cannot be executed using a machine language.
a) A b) A, C c) B d) B, C

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Q4. Which of the following can be created using HTML?
a) Web browser b) Web page c) Cookie d) SQL program

Q5. Which of the following is the method for describing the logical structure of a sentence in XML?
a) Enclosing the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using double quotes (“”)
b) Separating the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using commas
c) Enclosing the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using tags
d) Separating the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using tabs

Q6. Which of the following is an appropriate description of a characteristic of hypertext written in

HTML?
a) Text information is handled, so image files cannot be linked.
b) The user must return to the highest hierarchical level before jumping to another text.
c) Links have bidirectional information, so the user can be free to jump between texts.
d) The user can jump to another text, file, or website by clicking a link.
Answers Key:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Answer b a c b c d

2014 April IP
Q1. Which of the following is the decimal number that is equivalent to the hexadecimal number “A3”?
a) 103 b) 153 c) 163 d) 179

Q2. Which of the following is the logical operation that is equivalent to the truth table below?

a) AND b) NOT c) OR d) XOR

Q3. Which of the following is a standard encoding system that is widely used for handling multilingual
text and symbols around the world as a single character set?
a) ASCII b) EBCDIC c) EUC d) Unicode

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Q4. Which of the following is an appropriate combination of compression techniques that are used for
still images, moving images, and audio?

Q5. In a queue, three elements 33, 27, and 12 are stored (i.e., enqueued) in this order. After another
element 45 is enqueued to the queue, two elements are retrieved (i.e., dequeued). Which of the
following is the second element to be dequeued?
a) 12 b) 27 c) 33 d) 45

Q6. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of an algorithm that is used on a computer?
a) A generic term for artificial languages used to enable a computer to perform a series of operations
b) A processing procedure for enabling a computer to accomplish a specific purpose
c) Designing of buildings or industrial products with the assistance of a computer
d) Software for translating a program into a machine language that can be directly executed by a
computer

Q7. Among the program control structures, which of the following is classified as a “while-type” loop
structure?

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Q8. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the Java language?
a) It is a general-purpose language developed mainly for business applications.
b) It is a language developed for scientific and engineering calculations.
c) It is a markup language used for describing Web pages.
d) It is an object-oriented language that provides platform-independent portability.

Q9. In a markup language with the purpose of displaying and printing a screen, it is possible to directly
embed not only the body of a document but also various types of specifications, such as the structure
and layout of the document, and also the font and size of the character. Which of the following is
classified as such a markup language?
a) CASL b) HTML c) SQL d) URL

Q10. Which of the following is an appropriate combination of words that are inserted into blanks A
and B in the description below concerning the execution sequence of instructions in a computer? In a
computer, the instructions are executed in the sequence shown below.
(1) Refer to the program counter.
(2) A the instruction.
(3) Set the program counter to the main memory address of the next instruction.
(4) B the instruction.
(5) Execute the process corresponding to the instruction.
(6) Return to (1).

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer c a d a b b d d b b

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2014 October IP
Q1. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the relationship that always holds
for two sets A and B? Here, “X Y” represents the intersection (i.e., product set) of X and Y, and “X
Y” represents the union set of X and Y.
a) “AB” is a subset of the set other than A.
b) “AB” is a subset of A.
c) “AB” is a subset of “AB”.
d) “AB” is a subset of A.

Q2. As shown in the table below, columns A and B contain all possible combinations of numbers 0
through 9, and the table has 100 rows in total. When all the rows where the value in column A is equal
to or less than the value in column B are removed from the table, how many rows remain in the table?

a) 40 b) 45 c) 50 d) 55

Q3. When the decimal to binary conversion is performed, which of the following is a decimal number
that can be represented in the finite number of bits?
a) 0.1 b) 0.2 c) 0.4 d) 0.5

Q4. When an analog audio signal is digitized and converted back to analog again, which of the
following is the combination that can generate a signal waveform most closely approximating the
original wave?

Page- 20
Q5. A stack is a first-in last-out data structure. By using the stack, a device changes the order of data
received from the right side and sends it to the left side, as shown in the figure below. There are three
types of operations available on the device, as described below.
(1) Data received from the right side is sent to the left side without any alteration.
(2) Data received from the right side is pushed into the top of the stack.
(3) Data popped out of the top of the stack is sent to the left side. When the device receives X, Y, and
Z in this order from the right side, which of the following is the order in which the device cannot send
them to the left side even if the operations (1) to (3) are combined?

a) X, Z, Y b) Y, Z, X c) Z, X, Y d) Z, Y, X

Q6. CGI (Common Gateway Interface) is an interface to the Web server from a particular program
that is executed in response to a request from a client. Which of the following is a script language that
can be used to write such a program executed via CGI?
a) Perl b) Postscript c) SGML d) SQL

Q7. Which of the following is the language that enables the user to define and use tags enclosed by
angle brackets (“<” and “>”) specifying the structure and other aspects of a document, in order to
accomplish the intended purpose?
a) COBOL b) HTML c) Java d) XML

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer b b d c c a d

2015 May IP
Q1. As shown in Figure 1, there is a box that generates a single output in response to two inputs. The
input to this box is either “Agree” or “Disagree.” The output “Agree” is generated only when both
inputs are “Agree,” and in other cases the output “Disagree” is generated. When three inputs are
entered into two boxes as shown in Figure 2, which of the following is the correct description
concerning the output? Here, each box of Figure 2 has the same function as the box of Figure 1.

Page- 21
a) The output “Agree” is generated at all times when one or more inputs are “Agree.”
b) The output “Agree” is generated at all times when two or more inputs are “Agree.”
c) The output “Disagree” is generated only when two or more inputs are “Disagree.”
d) The output “Agree” is generated only when all three inputs are “Agree.”

Q2. A single-sided single-layer DVD-R has a storage capacity of about 4.7 Gbytes. When a book has
700 double-byte characters that are printed per page, how many tens of thousands of pages, at
maximum, can be recorded on this DVD-R? Here, two bytes are required to record one character, and
only character information is stored. In addition, 1 Gbyte is 1 billion (109) bytes.
a) 42 b) 71 c) 335 d) 671

Q3. An analog sound signal is digitized. Sampling is performed at Time 1 through Time 5 in the figure
below, and four-level quantization is performed; in other words, the levels closest to the sampling point
are selected. After that, two-bit encoding is performed. The result is “11 01 00 10 11”. When
digitization is performed in the same way, which of the following figures represents the sound signal
that results in “01 00 10 11 01”?

Page- 22
Q4. The procedure described below is executed for two variables x and y, in order from step (1)
through step (4). When the procedure is completed, what is the resulting value of x?
[Procedure]
(1) Assign 2 to x, and 3 to y.
(2) Subtract 1 from the value of y, and assign the resulting value to y.
(3) Add the values of x and y, and assign the resulting value to x.
(4) If the value of y is 1, terminate the procedure. Otherwise, return to step (2).
a) 4 b) 5 c) 7 d) 8

Q5. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the Java language?
a) It is a markup language that is used for describing web pages.
b) It is a language that is developed for scientific and engineering calculations.
c) It is an object-oriented language that provides platform-independent portability.
d) It is a language that is developed for business-oriented calculations.

Q6. The data is exchanged between variable A and variable B. When variable TMP is used to
temporarily store data, which of the following is the procedure for exchanging data correctly? Here,
“x ← y” indicates that the content of “x” is replaced with the data of “y”.

Q7. There is a program that displays text in accordance with the specifications below. When the
original text described below is displayed, in what point size does the program display the underlined
character string? Here, the first character of the original text is displayed in 10 points.

Page- 23
[Specifications]
The characters between <B> and </B> are displayed one point larger than the preceding character.
The characters between <S> and </S> are displayed one point smaller than the preceding character.
Each of <B> </B> and <S> </S> must be used as a pair, and both of them can be nested with each
other.
[Original text]
The system administrator promotes and implements <B>department-level<B> or <S>group-level</S>
computerization</B> from a user <S>standpoint</S>.</B>
a) 10 b) 11 c) 12 d) 13

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer d c b b c b b

2015 October IP
Q1. When the six characters a, b, c, d, e, and f are arranged in a row in any arbitrary order, in how
many ways can a and b be placed side-by-side?
a) 120 b) 240 c) 720 d) 1,440

Q2. When three balls are picked out consecutively from a box containing three white balls and four
black balls, which of the following is the lowest probability?
a) Probability of picking out the balls in order of black, black, black
b) Probability of picking out the balls in order of black, black, white
c) Probability of picking out the balls in order of black, white, black
d) Probability of picking out the balls in order of white, black, black

Q3. As shown in the figure below, decimal numbers 2, 5, 10, and 21 are represented using five squares,
each of which is either black or white.
2 □ □ □ ■□
5 □ □ ■□ ■
10 □ ■□ ■□
21 ■□ ■□ ■
A white square indicates 0, and a black square indicates a different positive value that is determined
by the position of the square. When the sum of the values of the five squares shows a decimal number,
which of the following is the numeric value represented by ■■□ □ □ ?
a) 12 b) 20 c) 24 d) 30

Page- 24
Q4. There is a standard that can represent data in a hierarchical structure by enclosing data that
corresponds to attribute N with the tags <N>, which means the start, and </N>, which means the end,
and then linking and nesting these tags. Company A decides to comply with this standard and create
a paper by using the structural rules (1) through (3) below. Which of the following is the appropriate
header of a paper named “New Document Management” that is created by Jack Smith of the
Information Systems Department (I/S Department) in accordance with this standard and the structural
rules?
[Structural rules]
(1) A paper is composed of a header and a body text.
(2) The header is composed of a title and author information.
(3) Author information is composed of a name and a department.

a) <header>
<author info>
<title>New Document Management
<name>Jack Smith</name><dept>I/S Department</dept>
</title>
</author info>
</header>

b) <header>
<title>New Document Management</title>
<author info><name>Jack Smith</name></author info>
<dept>I/S Department</dept>
</header>

c) <header>
<title>New Document Management</title>
<author info>
<name>Jack Smith</name><dept>I/S Department</dept>
</author info>
</header>

d) <header>
<title>New Document Management</title>
<name>Jack Smith
<author info><dept>I/S Department</dept></author info>
</name>
</header>

Page- 25
Q5. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning EUC (End User Computing)?
a) As EUC is widely spread, information systems departments in companies come to have large
backlogs in software development.
b) EUC is characterized with system construction and operations management by end users without
using software packages at all.
c) To support EUC, training in programming languages such as COBOL, C, and Java is important, and
it is a key role of information systems departments.
d) In order to achieve EUC, it is necessary to provide training to end users in PCs or commercially
available applications, and also to select easy-to-operate development tools and provide training in
those tools.

Q6. Which of the following is an appropriate characteristic of tree data structure?

a) Data elements can be retrieved by traversing a hierarchy of nodes from higher level nodes to lower
level nodes.
b) Data elements can be retrieved in the order in which they are stored.
c) Data elements can be retrieved in the reverse order to the order in which they are stored.
d) Data elements can be retrieved by traversing cells composed of a data field and a pointer field.

Q7. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of Java?

a) It is an interpreter-type object-oriented language developed in the 1970s and includes an integrated
development environment with editor and debugger as well as OS functions.
b) It incorporates object-oriented concepts, such as class and inheritance, into the programming
language C, and has upper compatibility with C.
c) It is a markup language used on the Web and describes the document structure by using tags. It
enables the creation of hypertext that links text, movies, etc.
d) It is an object-oriented language, and source code is compiled into a format called bytecode that can
be executed on a JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

Q8. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the usage of HTML (Hyper Text
Markup Language) tags?
a) <LABEL> is used to define the title of a Web page.
b) <BODY> is used to describe the text of a Web page.
c) <BIG> is used to specify the size and style applied to each character in a Web page.
d) <FORM> is used to divide a Web page into multiple frames

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answer b a c c d a d b

Page- 26
2016 May IP
Q1. Which of the following is an appropriate combination of compression techniques that are used for
still images, moving images, and audio?

Q2. Which of the following is the logical operation that is equivalent to the truth table below?
a) AND b) NOT c) OR d) XOR

Q3. Which of the following is a standard encoding system that is widely used for handling multilingual
text and symbols around the world in a single character set?
a) ASCII b) EBCDIC c) EUC d) Unicode

Q4. Which of the following describes the relationship that is always true for two (2) sets A and B?
Here, (X  Y) represents the part that belongs to both X and Y (intersection set), and (X  Y)
represents the part that belongs to at least one of X or Y (union set).
a) (A  B) is a subset of the complement of (A  B).
b) (A  B) is a subset of A.
c) (A  B) is a subset of (A  B).
d) (A  B) is a subset of the complement of A.

Q5. In a queue, three elements 33, 27, and 12 are stored (i.e., enqueued) in this order. After another
element 45 is enqueued to the queue, two elements are retrieved (i.e., dequeued). Which of the
following is the second element that has been dequeued?
a) 12 b) 27 c) 33 d) 45

Page- 27
Q6. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning an applet?
a) A document file that is transmitted from a Web site and saved onto the user’s PC when the Web
browser accesses the Web site
b) A language that is used for creating a Web page
c) A program that is downloaded from a Web server and embedded into a client browser, and then
executed in the browser
d) A language that is used for database manipulation such as data addition, modification, deletion, and
search

Q7. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the Java language?
a) It is a general-purpose language developed mainly for business applications.
b) It is a language developed for scientific and engineering calculations.
c) It is a markup language used for describing Web pages.
d) It is an object-oriented language that provides platform-independent portability.

Q8. In a markup language with the purpose of displaying a screen or printing, it is possible to directly
embed not only the body of a document but specifications of the structure and layout of the document,
and the font and size of the characters. Which of the following is classified as such a markup language?
a) CASL b) HTML c) SQL d) URL

Q9. Which of the following is the correct comparison of the amount of data?
a) 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 GB < 1 TB
b) 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 TB < 1 GB
c) 1 KB < 1 TB < 1 MB < 1 GB
d) 1 TB < 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 GB

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer a a d c b c d b a

2016 October IP

Q1. Which of the following is obtained by multiplying the binary value 10110 by three?
a) 111010 b) 111110 c) 1000010 d) 10110000

Page- 28
Q2. Which of the following is a search condition for the black area of the Venn diagram shown below?

a) (not A) and B and C b) (not A) and (B or C)

c) (not A) or (B and C) d) (not A) or (B or C)

Q3. In the sales campaign for a certain product, a full-page advertisement is run a total of three times
in three magazines A, B, and C. When the effects expected from running a full-page advertisement
zero to three times in each of the magazines are as shown in the table below, how many times should
the advertisement be run in magazine A to gain the largest possible effect? Here, the effects of the
advertisements placed in the individual magazines are independent of one another, and the effects from
multiple magazines can be calculated by simply adding the individual effects.

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

Q4. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of an algorithm that is used on a computer?
a) A generic term for artificial languages used to enable a computer to perform a series of operations
b) A processing procedure for enabling a computer to accomplish a specific purpose
c) Designing of buildings or industrial products with the assistance of a computer
d) Software for translating a program into a machine language that can be directly executed by a
computer

Q5. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning HTML?

a) It is a markup language that can specify the logical structure and layout of a Web page by using
tags.
b) It is a script language that can describe the program or processing steps executed on a browser.
c) It is a communication protocol that is used between a browser and a Web server.
d) It is a markup language that enables users to describe the meaning and structure of data by defining
their own unique tags.

Page- 29
Q6. Which of the following is the method for describing the logical structure of a sentence in XML?
a) Enclosing the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using double quotes (“”)
b) Separating the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using commas
c) Enclosing the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using tags
d) Separating the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using tabs

Q7. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of Java?

a) It is an interpreter-type object-oriented language developed in the 1970s and includes an integrated
development environment with editor and debugger as well as OS functions.
b) It incorporates object-oriented concepts, such as class and inheritance, into the programming
language C, and has upper compatibility with C.
c) It is a markup language used on the Web and describes the document structure by using tags. It
enables the creation of hypertext that links text, movies, etc.
d) It is an object-oriented language, and source code is compiled into a format called bytecode that can
be executed on a JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

Q8. There is a series of numbered boxes stacked as shown in the figure below. The operations
described in the table below are performed in the sequence of operations 1 through 4. When the
operation 4 is completed, which of the following shows the status of the stacked boxes?

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answer c a c b a c d b

Page- 30
2017 April IP
Q2. A search is performed by specifying a character string comprised of multiple alphabetic characters
and one delimiter character “.” (period). An “*” (asterisk) represents an arbitrary character string with
zero or more characters, and a “?” (question mark) represents an arbitrary single character. Which of
the following character strings matches the character string represented below?
X*.Y??
a) XY.XYY b) XXX.YY c) XYX.YXY d) YXYX.YXY

Q3. As shown in the table below, columns A and B contain all possible combinations of numbers 0
through 9, and the table has 100 rows in total. When all the rows where the value in column A is equal
to or less than the value in column B are removed from the table, how many rows remain in the table?

a) 40 b) 45 c) 50 d) 55

Q5. There is a desk that can hold at most four (4) files. On this desk, six (6) files A through F are used
for a job. When the fifth file needs to be put on the desk, the file with the longest time since the last
use among the four (4) will be put in a drawer. If the files are put on the desk and referenced in order
of A, B, C, D, E, C, B, D, F, B, which of the following is the last file to be put in the drawer?
a) A b) B c) D d) E

Q6. Which of the following can be created using HTML?

a) Web browser b) Web page
c) Cookie d) SQL program

Answer Keys:
No. 2 3 5 6
Answer c b d b

Page- 31
2017 October IP
Q1. Japanese restaurants in London and Japanese restaurants in Paris are to be searched for together.
Which of the following is the logical expression that represents the search condition?
a) (“London” AND “Paris”) AND “Japanese restaurant”
b) (“London” AND “Paris”) OR “Japanese restaurant”
c) (“London” OR “Paris”) AND “Japanese restaurant”
d) (“London” OR “Paris”) OR “Japanese restaurant”

Q2. When a sound is recorded in a computer file, it is to be stored as a series of 8-bit encoded data.
When the same sound source is sampled at the same sampling frequency and then encoded as a series
of 16-bit data in lieu of 8-bit data, which of the following is an appropriate explanation concerning this
encoding?
a) The amplitude of the sound can be recorded more finely.
b) When the recording time is the same, the amount of data becomes smaller.
c) The CPU load required to process the recorded data decreases.
d) The upper limit of the frequency that can be recorded becomes higher.

Q3. Which of the following is the binary result of the multiplication of binary 1011 and binary 101?
a) 1111 b) 10000 c) 101111 d) 110111

Q4. There are five (5) lamps arranged in line. Each of them can be turned on and off independently.
How many patterns are there where two (2) or more lamps are turned on? Here, the pattern where all
lamps are turned on is counted as one (1) and the pattern where any one (1) of them is turned on is
counted as five (5).
a) 4 b) 10 c) 26 d) 32

Q8. Which of the following graphically represents a processing procedure of a program in a visual
way?
a) Gantt chart b) Data flow diagram c) Flowchart d) Radar chart

Q9. There is a data structure where data that is entered last is retrieved first (hereinafter, stack). By
using this, a device that changes the order of data that is entered from the right side and sends its output
to the left side as shown in the Figure is considered. There are three (3) cases of operations for this
device.
(1) Data that is entered from the right side is sent to the left side as is.
(2) Data that is entered from the right side is added onto the top of the stack.
(3) Data on the top of the stack is retrieved and sent to the left side.
Page- 32
 If the data A, B, C, and D is entered sequentially from the right side of the device, which of the
following cannot be an order of the output to the left side with any combination of the operations
(1) through (3)?

a) B, A, D, C b) B, D, C, A c) C, B, D, A d) C, D, A, B
Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 8 9
Answer c a d c c d

2018 March IP
Q1. Which of the following is the binary number that is obtained by adding the binary numbers
01011010 and 01101011? Here, the binary numbers are expressed as positive 8-bit values.
a) 00110001 b) 01111011 c) 10000100 d) 11000101

Q2. When the reward for an improvement proposal concerning business operations is determined
based on the decision table below, how much is the reward for an improvement proposal that results
in an improvement of $20,000 and a turnaround time reduction of three days? Here, “Y” in the table
means that each condition holds “true”, and “N” means “not true”. In addition, “” indicates the
reward that applies to each specific combination of these conditions.

a) $50 b) $100 c) $150 d) $300

Q3. A PC plays back video data recorded at 500x400 pixels per frame, 30 frames per second, and 3
bytes per pixel while reading it from a peripheral device. When the data transfer rate between the
peripheral device and the PC is 1x106 bytes per second, in order to play back the video without delay,
the data must be compressed to one n-th (1/n) in advance. Which of the following is the minimum
value of n? Here, the time to expand the compressed data and other impacts can be ignored.
a) 18 b) 54 c) 72 d) 144
Page- 33
Q6. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning HTML?
a) It is a markup language that can specify the logical structure and layout of a web page by using tags.
b) It is a script language that can describe programs or processing steps executed on a web browser. c)
It is a communication protocol that is used between a web browser and a web server.
d) It is a markup language that enables users to describe the meaning and structure of data by defining
their own unique tags.

Q7. Which of the following is an appropriate explanation of an algorithm that is used on a computer?
a) A generic term for artificial languages used to enable a computer to perform a series of operations
b) A processing procedure for enabling a computer to accomplish a specific purpose
c) Designing buildings or industrial products with the assistance of a computer
d) Software for translating a program into a machine language that can be directly executed by a
computer

Q8. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning machine language?

a) A program that is written in Fortran or C is converted into machine language and then executed. b)
Machine language is a high-level language.
c) Machine language expresses a program with sequences of decimal numbers.
d) Most of application software is still programmed in machine language.

Q9. Which of the following is the method for describing the logical structure of a sentence in XML?
a) Enclosing the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using double quotes (“”)
b) Separating the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using commas
c) Enclosing the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using tags
d) Separating the sentence, clauses, and other elements by using tabs

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 6 7 8 9
Answer d b a a b a c

2018 October IP
Q2. Which of the following is obtained by multiplying the binary value 10110 by three (3)?
a) 111010 b) 111110 c) 1000010 d) 10110000

Page- 34
Q3. Which of the following is an appropriate purpose of appending a check digit to a customer
code?
a) To check the customer code for input errors
b) To arrange customers in the order of acquisition when a list of customers is created
c) To enable customers to be inferred easily and quickly
d) To enable the grouping of customers by geographical area or other attributes

Q4. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the characteristics of EUC
(End User Computing)?
a) EUC enables users to directly access, reference, and manipulate data that they need for business
operations.
b) EUC gives priority to system operation and maintenance, so it causes backlogs to increase in the
information systems department.
c) EUC requires more development staff members in the information systems department, so it often
leads to an increase in the operating costs of the department.
d) EUC allows the information systems department to take a leadership role in application
development, so it can reduce the workload of users.

Q5. At a desk that is only large enough to place 4 files at the same time, 6 files, A through F, are
used to perform a task. When 4 files are already placed on the desk, the least recently used file must
be placed back into the drawer before the fifth file can be placed on the desk. When the files are
used in the sequence A, B, C, D, B, A, E, A, B, F, which of the following is the last file placed back
into the drawer?
a) A b) B c) D d) E

Q6. There exist four states numbered 1 through 4. The four states are connected as shown in the
figure below, and the state transition occurs in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction.

If the current state is 1, which of the following is the state that is reached after the procedure below is
performed twice?
[Procedure]
The number of the current state is multiplied by 11, and the result is divided by three (3). The
process below is performed based on the remainder of the division.
• When the remainder is zero (0), a transition to the next state occurs in the clockwise direction.
• When the remainder is one (1), a transition to the next state occurs in the counterclockwise
direction.
Page- 35
 • When the remainder is two (2), a transition to the second state occurs in the clockwise direction.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Q7. In a queue, three elements 33, 27, and 12 are stored (or enqueued) in this order. After the
element 45 is added to this queue, two elements are retrieved (or dequeued). Which of the following
is the second element that has been retrieved?
a) 12 b) 27 c) 33 d) 45

Q8. There is a program that displays text in accordance with the specifications below. When the
original text described below is displayed, in what point size does the program display the underlined
character string? Here, the first character of the original text is displayed in 10 points.
[Specifications]
The characters between <B> and </B> are displayed one point larger than the preceding character.
The characters between <S> and </S> are displayed one point smaller than the preceding character.
Each of <B> </B> and <S> </S> must be used as a pair, and both of them can be nested with each
other.
[Original text]
The system administrator promotes and implements <B>department-level<B> or <S>group-
level</S> computerization</B> from a user’s <S>standpoint</S>.</B>
a) 10 b) 11 c) 12 d) 13

Q9. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the Java language?
a) It is a markup language used for describing web pages.
b) It is a language developed for scientific and engineering calculations.
c) It is an object-oriented language that provides platform-independent portability.
d) It is a language developed for business-oriented calculations.

Q10. Which of the following is the correct comparison of the amount of data?
a) 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 GB < 1 TB
b) 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 TB < 1 GB
c) 1 KB < 1 TB < 1 MB < 1 GB
d) 1 TB < 1 KB < 1 MB < 1 GB

Answer Keys:
No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer c a a c d b b c a

Page- 36
2019 April IP
Q1. Which of the following is a search condition for the black area of the Venn diagram shown
below?

a) (not A) and B and C b) (not A) and (B or C)

c) (not A) or (B and C) d) (not A) or (B or C)

Q2. Japanese restaurants in Sapporo and Japanese restaurants in Hakodate are to be searched for
together. Which of the following is the logical expression that represents the search condition?
a) (“Sapporo” AND “Hakodate”) AND “Japanese restaurant”
b) (“Sapporo” AND “Hakodate”) OR “Japanese restaurant”
c) (“Sapporo” OR “Hakodate”) AND “Japanese restaurant”
d) (“Sapporo” OR “Hakodate”) OR “Japanese restaurant”

Q3. When a path goes from node A1 to node C2 in Fig. 1 and the passing nodes are counted as
shown in Fig. 2, there are three shortest paths with the minimum number of passing nodes. How
many shortest paths are there available to go from node A1 to node D4 via node C2?

Q4. As shown in the figure below, decimal numbers 2, 5, 10, and 21 are represented using five
squares that are black or white. 2 □ □ □ ■□ 5 □ □ ■□ ■ 10 □ ■□ ■□ 21 ■□ ■□ ■ A white
square indicates 0, and a black square indicates a different positive value that is determined
depending on the position of the square. When the sum total of the values of the five squares shows
a decimal number, which of the following is the decimal number that is represented by ■■□ □ □ ?
a) 12 b) 20 c) 24 d) 30

Page- 37
Q5. The data is exchanged between variable A and variable B. When variable TMP is used to
temporarily store data, which of the following is the procedure for exchanging data correctly? Here,
“x ← y” indicates that the data of “x” is replaced with the data of “y”.

Q6. The procedure described below is sequentially performed for two variables x and y, starting
with step (1). When the procedure is completed, what is the resulting value of x?
[Procedure]
(1) Assign 2 to x and 3 to y.
(2) Subtract 1 from the value of y, and assign the resulting value to y.
(3) Add the values of x and y, and assign the resulting value to x.
(4) If the value of y is 1, complete the procedure. Otherwise, return to step (2).
a) 4 b) 5 c) 7 d) 8

Q7. In a markup language, with the purpose of displaying on a screen and printing, it is possible to
directly embed not only the document content, but also the document structure and layout
information, and the character font and size. Which of the following is classified into such a markup
language?

a) CASL b) HTML c) SQL d) URL

Q8. Which of the following represents a processing procedure of a program graphically in a visual
way?

a) Gantt chart b) Data flow diagram

c) Flowchart d) Radar chart

Q9. There is a desk that can hold at most four (4) files. On this desk, six (6) files A through F are
used for a job. When the fifth file needs to be put on the desk, the file with the longest time since the
last use among the four (4) will be put in a drawer. If the files are put on the desk and referenced in
order of A, B, C, D, E, C, B, D, F, B, which of the following is the last file to be put in the drawer?

a) A b) B c) D d) E

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer a c b c b b b c d

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2019 October IP
Q2. When a sound is recorded in a computer file, it is to be stored as a series of 8-bit encoded data.
When the same sound source is sampled at the same sampling frequency and then encoded as a series
of 16-bit data in lieu of 8-bit data, which of the following is an appropriate explanation concerning this
encoding?
a) The amplitude of the sound can be recorded more finely.
b) When the recording time is the same, the amount of data becomes smaller.
c) The CPU load required to process the recorded data decreases.
d) The upper limit of the frequency that can be recorded becomes higher.

Q4. Which of the following is the appropriate combination of compression technology standards for
still images, moving images, and audio?

Q5. Which of the following is a term for commands to a computer that are written in a programming
language?
a) PIN code b) Source code c) Binary code d) Character code

Q6. In the data structure called a queue that is suitable for performing first-in first-out (FIFO)
processing, values are stored in the order of “8”, “1”, “6”, and “3”, and then a value is removed twice
continuously. Which of the following is the value that is obtained by the second removal?
a) 1 b) 3 c) 6 d) 8

Q7. As shown in Figure 1, there is a processing unit which reads two positive integer input values A1
and A2, and then writes two integer output values B1 and B2. B1 is equal to A2, and B2 is the
remainder of A1 divided by A2. In Figure 2, two processing units with the same function as the above
are connected in series. When A1=15 and A2=6 are given to the left-hand unit in Figure 2, what is the
output value of B1 for the right hand unit?

a) 0 b) 3 c) 6 d) 15
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Q8. A markup language specifies the character color according to the “Syntax and meaning of the
markup language definition section” below. When an element (parent) contains another element
(child), the child inherits the parent’s specifications, but priority is given to the child-specific
specifications if the child and the parent have different values specified for the same attribute. When
the text in the “Example” below is displayed according to this rule, which of the following is the
appropriate display attribute for the underlined character string? Here, “<strong>character
string</strong>” specifies the character string to be emphasized, for example by using bold font.
[Syntax and meaning of the markup language definition section]
(1) Syntax of the definition section. name{color specification}
(2) Meaning Assigns a color attribute to “name” to display the character string (element) between
<name> and </name> in the specified color.
[Example]
Definition: . color1{blue}
. color2{red}
Body text: <strong>The role of the system administrator is <color1>to promote the use of computers
and other information technology to end-user departments. <color2>Increased use of
information technology improves the work efficiency of each user,</color2> and can also
lead to operational improvements across the entire organization.</color1></strong>
a) Blue characters, emphasized b) Red characters, emphasized
c) Blue characters, not emphasized d) Red characters, not emphasized

Q9. Which of the following is usually created using HTML?

a) Web browser b) Web page
c) Cookie d) SQL program

Answer Keys:
No. 2 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer a b b a b b b

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2020 April IP
Q1. Which of the following is the binary number that is obtained by adding the binary numbers
01011010 and 01101011? Here, the binary numbers are expressed as positive 8-bit values.
a) 00110001 b) 01111011 c) 10000100 d) 11000101

Q2. Which of the following is the binary result of the multiplication of binary 1011 and binary 101?
a) 1111 b) 10000 c) 101111 d) 110111

Q3. Which of the following is the logical operation that is equivalent to the truth table below?

a) AND b) NOT c) OR d) XOR

Q4. Which of the following is the result from the bit-wise logical product of an 8-bit binary data X
and 00001111? Here, the left side of the data is the high-order, and the right side is the low-order.
a) All of the low-order four (4) bits are 0, and the high-order four (4) bits are the same as those of X.
b) All of the low-order four (4) bits are 1, and the high-order four (4) bits are the same as those of X.
c) All of the high-order four (4) bits are 0, and the low-order four (4) bits are the same as those of X.
d) All of the high-order four (4) bits are 1, and the low-order four (4) bits are the same as those of X.

Q5. As shown in Figure 1, there is a box that generates two (2) numerical values B1 and B2 when two
(2) positive integers A1 and A2 are entered. B1 has the same value as A2, and B2 is the remainder of
A1 divided by A2. As shown in Figure 2, when two (2) boxes are connected, and 49 is entered as A1
and 11 is entered as A2 in the left box, what is the value of B2 generated from the right box?

a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 5
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Q6. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning machine language?
a) A program that is written in Fortran or C is converted into machine language and then executed.
b) Machine language is a high-level language.
c) Machine language expresses a program with sequences of decimal numbers.
d) Most of application software is still programmed in machine language.

Q7. Algorithms are important when a computer is used. Which of the following is an appropriate
explanation of an algorithm?
a) It refers to software for converting a program to a machine language that can be directly run by
a computer.
b) It refers to a processing procedure for enabling a computer to accomplish a particular purpose.
c) It refers to a collective term for artificial languages used to give instructions for a series of
operations to a computer.
d) It refers to the designing of buildings and industrial products by using computers.

Q8. There is a series of numbered boxes stacked as shown in the figure below. The operations
described in the table below are performed in the sequence of operations 1 through 4. When the
operation 4 is completed, which of the following shows the status of the stacked boxes?

Q9. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the usage of HTML (Hyper
Text Markup Language) tags?
a) <LABEL> is used to define the title of a Web page.
b) <BODY> is used to describe the text of a Web page.
c) <BIG> is used to specify the size and style applied to each character in a Web page.
d) <FORM> is used to divide a Web page into multiple frames.

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer d d a c a a b b b

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2020 October IP
Q1. When the reward for an improvement proposal concerning business operations is determined
based on the decision table below, how much is the reward for an improvement proposal for an
improvement of $20,000 and a turnaround time reduction of three days? Here, “Y” in the table means
that each condition holds “true”, and “N” means “not true”. In addition, “√ ” indicates the reward that
applies to a specific combination of these conditions.

a) $50 b) $100 c) $150 d) $300

Q2. As shown in the figure below, decimal numbers 2, 5, 10, and 21 are represented using five (5)
squares that are black or white.

2 □□□■□
5 □□■□■
10 □■□■□
21 ■□■□■

A white square indicates 0, and a black square indicates a positive value that is different depending on
the position of the square. When the sum total of the values of the five (5) squares shows a numeric
value, which of the following decimal numbers is represented by ■■□□□?

a) 12 b) 20 c) 24 d) 30

Q3. When a chairperson and a secretary are selected from three (3) candidates with a method that
allows dual roles, from the three (3) candidates, there are three (3) combinations for the selection of a
single chairperson and three (3) combinations for the selection of a secretary, so in total, there are nine
(9) combinations for the selection of a chairperson and a secretary. When a chairperson and a secretary
are selected from five (5) candidates with a method that allows dual roles, how many combinations for
the selection are there?
a) 5 b) 10 c) 20 d) 25

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Q4. Which of the following is always true for two (2) sets A and B? Here, (X  Y) represents the part
that belongs to both X and Y (intersection set), and (X  Y) represents the part that belongs to at least
one of X or Y (union set).

a) (A  B) is a subset of the complement of (A  B).

b) (A  B) is a subset of A.

c) (A  B) is a subset of (A  B).

d) (A  B) is a subset of the complement of A.

Q5. In a queue, three elements 33, 27, and 12 are enqueued in this order. After the element 45 is
enqueued to this queue, two (2) elements are retrieved (or dequeued). Which of the following is the
second element to be retrieved?
a) 12 b) 27 c) 33 d) 45

Q6. There exist four (4) states numbered 1 through 4. The four (4) states are connected as shown in
the figure below, and the state transition occurs in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.

If the current state is 1, which of the following states is reached after the procedure below is performed
twice?
[Procedure]
The number of the current state is multiplied by 11, and the result is divided by 3.
The process below is performed based on the remainder of the division.
• When the remainder is 0, a transition to the next state occurs in the clockwise direction.
• When the remainder is 1, a transition to the next state occurs in the counterclockwise direction.

• When the remainder is 2, a transition to the state after the next state occurs in the clockwise
direction.
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

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Q7. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning HTML?

a) It is a markup language that can specify the logical structure and layout of a Web page by using
tags.
b) It is a script language that can describe the program or processing steps executed on a browser.
c) It is a communication protocol that is used between a browser and a Web server.

d) It is a markup language that enables users to describe the meaning and structure of data by
defining their own unique tags.

Q8. Which of the following is an appropriate description concerning the Java language?
a) It is a markup language used for describing Web pages.
b) It is a language developed for scientific and engineering calculations.
c) It is an object-oriented language that provides platform-independent portability.
d) It is a language developed for business-oriented calculations.

Q9. Which of the following is an appropriate way for extracting data from a stack that stores multiple
data?

a) Data is extracted from an arbitrary location that is specified, regardless of the sequence that
data is stored in.
b) Data that was stored last is extracted first.
c) Data that was stored first is extracted first.
d) Data has a key, and it is extracted according to the priority of the key.

Answer Keys:
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer b c d c b d a c b

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